Art

Open Access Article

1 - Identify and assess the relative importance of knowledge management strategies by using ANN (Case study Knowledge base Software Companies)
Saeedeh khabbazkar Mohsen Shafiei Nikabadi مائده دهقان

Abstract: Knowledge management is an important resource for any organization. Organizations to implement knowledge management strategies, improve innovation in processes, activities, products and services. The aim of this study is to identify the key strategies of knowl More

Abstract: Knowledge management is an important resource for any organization. Organizations to implement knowledge management strategies, improve innovation in processes, activities, products and services. The aim of this study is to identify the key strategies of knowledge management by ANN .The innovative aspect of the research is, the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) to rank the strategies of knowledge management. The population consists of the all employees of the knowledge based software companies in Tehran, that the total questionnaires were distributed, only 123 were usable. This study is practical from the objective aspect, and descriptive-survey from data collection method aspect. Data from the surveys and questionnaires obtained and then by using the ANN techniques h as been investigated the research objectives. Results and ANN outputs indicated that sequencely, explicit knowledge startegy is the most important criteria of Knowledge management strategy and tacit khowledge, internal and external strategy are the next priorities knowledge based software companies are located in Tehran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Sustainability factors and capacities of university-industry relations In higher education system
rouhollah bagheri mirmohammad seyyed abbas zadeh Mohammad hasani

The aim of this study was identification of Sustainability factors and capacities of university-industry relations in higher education system. The research method was descriptive survey. the research community, was including faculty members five universities country and More

The aim of this study was identification of Sustainability factors and capacities of university-industry relations in higher education system. The research method was descriptive survey. the research community, was including faculty members five universities country and industry representatives. Research sample, was selected in faculty members with random stratified of Morgan table 263 people and sample in industry representatives with randomly 12 people. Analysis procedures was multivariate regression, Manova and t with using the software SPSS. The research tools included two questionnaires sustainability factors Lee and capacities capacities of university-industry relations Ssebuwufu. According to the analysis Confirmatory validity and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha was appropriate. The results showed that sustainability factors, reasons and motivation and benefit in the university sector was positive and significant. But industry representatives, the sustainability benefits announced lower than optimal. Existing capacities has been a positive and significant relationship between university and industry. All components of capacities university-industry relations has been a positive and significant effect on Sustainability. All components of capacity, has predicted the reasons and motivations and benefit. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Analysis of Communication Relations of Third Party Logistics Enablers Using Combined Multi-Criteria Decision Making Technique DEMATEL-based ANP
MARYAM aliei

. Companies should be able to reduce their logistics costs while improving their quality, customer satisfaction and reaching new customers. The most effective solution to this business problem is the outsourcing of logistics services based on long-term contracts provide More

. Companies should be able to reduce their logistics costs while improving their quality, customer satisfaction and reaching new customers. The most effective solution to this business problem is the outsourcing of logistics services based on long-term contracts provided by the third-party logistics service provider. These companies have expertise in coordinating economic resources and can create new opportunities for producers by providing consulting services. The Third Party Logistics Services Provider is an external supplier that manages, controls and executes logistics activities from the customer. In this paper, seven major dimensions of third-party logistics empowerment have been gained through MAXQDA software by analyzing the research background, textual content analysis, and expert interviews with 16 experts in the logistics industry. Then, with the help of DANP technique and doing paired comparisons and implementing Excel software, these empowers were weighed and the relationships between them were discovered. A paired questionnaire was used to collect data. Its validity and reliability were confirmed. The results of the analysis show that the most important enablers are: manufacturing empowerment, technical and marketing and sales, financial, human resources and strategic empowerment respectively. Also, technical and productive empowerment is one of the most influential enablers, and it also has the most interaction with other enablers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Comparison Achievement motivation in High school Student of Smart and Regular Schools
zeinab khodaram

The aim of this study was to Comparison the Achievement motivation in High school Third Grade girl Student of Smart and Regular Schools at Arak city in academic years 2013-2014. In this study the casual-comparative method and random cluster sampling were applied. The po More

The aim of this study was to Comparison the Achievement motivation in High school Third Grade girl Student of Smart and Regular Schools at Arak city in academic years 2013-2014. In this study the casual-comparative method and random cluster sampling were applied. The population of the study consisted of all High school Third Grade girl Students of Smart and Regular Schools in Arak city(2122 person). The sample of the study Consisted of 584 Student in which 292 student were in smart schools and 292 were in regular schools. The research instruments in the study were the Hermanse Achievement motivation questionnaire and in which previous studies have reported suitable rate of validiy and reliability for them. For analysig the data independent T-test was used. The results of data analysis showed that There is no significant difference between The achievement motivation in smart and regular schools. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - using clustering in AODV routing protocol for vehicular ad-hoc networks on highway scenario
amin feyzi

Vehicular Ad hoc networks are a subset of mobile Ad hoc networks in which vehicles are considered as network nodes. Their major difference is rapid mobility of nodes which causes the quick change of topology in this network. Quick changes in the topology of the network More

Vehicular Ad hoc networks are a subset of mobile Ad hoc networks in which vehicles are considered as network nodes. Their major difference is rapid mobility of nodes which causes the quick change of topology in this network. Quick changes in the topology of the network are considered as a big challenge For routing in these networks, routing protocols must be robust and reliable. AODV Routing protocol is one of the known routing protocols in vehicular ad hoc networks. There are also some problems in applying this routing protocol on the vehicular ad hoc networks. The number of control massages increases with increasing the scale of the network and the number of nodes . One way to reduce the overhead in AODV routing protocol is clustering the nodes of the network. In this paper , the modified K-means algorithm has been used for clustering the nodes and particle swarm optimization has been used for selecting cluster head. The results of the proposed method improved normalized routing load and the increase of the packet delivery rate compared to AODV routing protocol. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Optimal LO Selection in E-Learning Environment Using PSO Algorithm
gholamali montazer

One of the key issues in e-learning is to identify needs, educational behavior and learning speed of the learners and design a suitable curriculum commensurate to their abilities. This goal is achieved by identifying the learners’ different dimension of personality and More

One of the key issues in e-learning is to identify needs, educational behavior and learning speed of the learners and design a suitable curriculum commensurate to their abilities. This goal is achieved by identifying the learners’ different dimension of personality and ability and assigning suitable learning material to them according these features. In this paper, an intelligent tutoring system is proposed which optimizes the LO selection in e-learning environment. In order to evaluate the proposed method, the designed system has been used in a web-based instruction system in different conditions and the results of the "Academically success", "Satisfactory learning achievement" and "Time of the learners’ attendance" have been analyzed. The obtained results show a significant efficiency compared to other applied methods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Automatic Sepration of Learnrs in Learning Groups Based on Identifying Learning Style from Their Behavior in Learning Environment
mohammad sadegh rezaei gholamali montazer

Automatic identification of learners groups based on similarity of learning style improves e-learning systems from the viewpoint of learning adaptation and collaboration among learners. In this paper, a new system is proposed for identifying groups of learners, who have More

Automatic identification of learners groups based on similarity of learning style improves e-learning systems from the viewpoint of learning adaptation and collaboration among learners. In this paper, a new system is proposed for identifying groups of learners, who have similar learning style, by using learners’ behavior information in an e-learning environment. Proposed clustering method for separation of learners is developed based on ART neural network structure and Snap-Drift neural network learning process. This artificial network enables us to identify learners groups in uncertain group separation parameters, without knowing appropriate number of groups. The results of an empirical evaluation of the proposed method, which are based on two criteria, “Davies-Bouldin” and “Purity and Gathering”, indicate that our proposed method outperforms other clustering methods in terms of accuracy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Product purchasing prediction in an online store by designing an artificial neural network using clickstream data
Mahbube Mottaghi

One of the key capabilities of competitive online stores is the effective prediction of customer buying as much as possible to apply customer service strategies to convert users to buyers and to increase sales rates. Data mining and artificial intelligence techniques ar More

One of the key capabilities of competitive online stores is the effective prediction of customer buying as much as possible to apply customer service strategies to convert users to buyers and to increase sales rates. Data mining and artificial intelligence techniques are successful in categorizing and forecasting. Work has been proven in timely systems, such as e-commerce sites. In this paper, we propose a non-post-error neural network model with the aim of predicting purchases at user active stages in an online store. The training and evaluation of the neural network was performed using a set of revised sessions from server logs. The accuracy and retrieval power of the proposed neural network is 8999.79% and 89.696%, which indicates the high ability of this network (about 90%) in predicting the purchase Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The effectiveness of life skills training using cartoon on social adjustment of students in the sixth grade
Mohammad Akbaryborang

the goal of this research Evaluating the effectiveness of life skills training using cartoons Social compatibility of students The sixth grade. This research is a semi-experimental research and a pre-test and post-test design with control group was used. The statistical More

the goal of this research Evaluating the effectiveness of life skills training using cartoons Social compatibility of students The sixth grade. This research is a semi-experimental research and a pre-test and post-test design with control group was used. The statistical population of this study included all sixth grade students in Birjand, who were studying in the academic year of 2016-2017. Of the sampled students, 20 were randomly assigned into two experimental groups and 20 subjects in the control group. The mental health questionnaire of California Gough (1948) was used to measure the research variable. For analyzing the data, covariance analysis was used. The results of this study indicated that life skills training using cartoons was effective on the adaptation of students' individual and social skills. Therefore, it seems that life skills training can be used as an appropriate interventional method for promoting social adjustment of students. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - IMPLEMENT THE SMART TRAINING SYSTEMS IN THE MOBIL LEARNING WAY
manzar ezzati abarghani

This research was carried out to consider the effects of the implementation of the smart training systems in the mobile learning way. The research method was semi-experimental. The statistical society of this study was all first boy students in third grade at smart high More

This research was carried out to consider the effects of the implementation of the smart training systems in the mobile learning way. The research method was semi-experimental. The statistical society of this study was all first boy students in third grade at smart high schools in Garmsar. The academic year was the first term of 96-97 academic year. The statistical sample was chosen from the high school third grade first students based on the Morgan table and regarding with the society volume. 102 students were chosen in the cluster random method. At first 2 regions were chosen from Garmsar training regions then 2 first high schools was chosen and finally 102 students were selected from the third grade students of these schools. These 102 students were divided randomly into 2 groups (each group had 51 students). The groups were experimental group and control group. Several lessons from English Book were chosen as the training material and before the training, 2 groups gave the pre-test. The control group as usual were trained based on the smart training systems ( smart board , the computer facilities and the technologies related to the electronic management and control) but the experimental group was trained using the smart training systems ( mobile devices such as Tablet and cell phone). After training, the post-test was performed. The obtained data were analyzed using Spss version 18 software in description statistical level (the average and standard deviation) and deductive statistical level (independent T statistical test). The research results showed that the marks of the English lesson for experimental group ( who had been trained using the smart training systems in the mobile learning way) were higher than the marks of the English lesson for control group ( who had been trained using the smart training systems) ( t: 3/353 , sig: 0/001) So we can say that implementing the smart training systems in the mobile learning way have possible effects on the training. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Using Grounded Theory in Software Engineering Research: A Study of Iran Web Startups
Gholamhossein Dastghaibyfard

Web Startups are newly established institutions that, in uncertain and resource constraints, try to enter fast-growing markets by offering cutting-edge solutions via web. Despite the economic importance of these businesses and their high failure rate, there are only a f More

Web Startups are newly established institutions that, in uncertain and resource constraints, try to enter fast-growing markets by offering cutting-edge solutions via web. Despite the economic importance of these businesses and their high failure rate, there are only a few scientific studies that try to investigate software engineering in these businesses. This research, using Grounded Theory research methodology and interviewing nine Iran Web Startup, provides a set of evidence for understanding how software development in Startups is formed. The results show that the top priority of these businesses is to enter the market as quickly as possible so that they can find a product that meets a strong market demand by getting feedback from their customers. However, accelerated time-to-market due to the lack of engineering activities requires the rebuild of the product and workflow before the start of future growth. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - The effect of information and communication technologies to empower employees by mediating knowledge sharing
mahdieh abdollahzadeh

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of information technology on empowerment of employees through knowledge sharing. The statistical population consisted of the employees of the University of Urmia. The sample size was 139 by simple random sampling m More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of information technology on empowerment of employees through knowledge sharing. The statistical population consisted of the employees of the University of Urmia. The sample size was 139 by simple random sampling method using Morgan-Krejcy table. Questionnaires were used to collect information, knowledge sharing, information technology and staff empowerment. Validity of the questionnaires was approved by the experts. The internal consistency of the questionnaire questionnaire was confirmed using the Cronbach alpha coefficient. For data analysis, partial least squares method or variance-axis method was used. The results of data analysis show that ICT can predict the variance of employee empowerment either directly or indirectly through knowledge sharing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Using a Hybrid PSO-GA Method for Capacitor Placement in Distribution Systems
mohammadmahdi Varahram amir mohammadi

In this paper, we have proposed a new algorithm which combines PSO and GA in such a way that the new algorithm is more effective and efficient.The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has shown rapid convergence during the initial stages of a global search but ar More

In this paper, we have proposed a new algorithm which combines PSO and GA in such a way that the new algorithm is more effective and efficient.The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has shown rapid convergence during the initial stages of a global search but around global optimum, the search process will become very slow. On the other hand, genetic algorithm is very sensitive to the initial population. In fact, the random nature of the GA operators makes the algorithm sensitive to the initial population. This dependence to the initial population is in such a manner that the algorithm may not converge if the initial population is not well selected. This new algorithm can perform faster and does not depend on initial population and can find optimal solutions with acceptable accuracy. Optimal capacitor placement and sizing have been found using this hybrid PSO-GA algorithm. We have also found the optimal place and size of capacitors using GA and PSO separately and compared the results. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - The comparison of human development between Iran and region countries (Based on the human development report (HDR) in 2011)
reza alizade gholamhossein vaziri

The industry and university partnership is one of the main driving forces to achieve the goals of the Iran 1404 outlook document. It has a significant effect on the employment of the educated manpower and on the national production and subsequently on the GNI per capit More

The industry and university partnership is one of the main driving forces to achieve the goals of the Iran 1404 outlook document. It has a significant effect on the employment of the educated manpower and on the national production and subsequently on the GNI per capita. Since mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling and the GNI per capita are the substantial indices for human development, university and industry partnership is one of the requirements for improvement of human development indices. In this paper, the concept of the human development is tried to be explained. Measuring the human development by utilizing the indices, and also an analytic comparison between Iran and the countries introduced in Iran 1404 outlook document, is performed. The countries under our study in this paper are: the Middle East countries, Middle Asia, Caucasus and neighbor countries. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and evaluate the human development of Islamic Republic of Iran based on the human development report (HDR) in 2011. This report is publishing annually by the United Nations organization. The results show that we are not in a good position in the human development indices and our grade in the observed area is decreasing. Finally, some suggestions are presented to improve the human development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Modeling structural equations of value created in businesses
fateme hamidi naser shams

The world economy has undergone significant changes in the last two centuries, moving from an agricultural system to an industrial system. Most of the changes in the last four decades have been due to the evolution of service-based economies. The growth of more develope More

The world economy has undergone significant changes in the last two centuries, moving from an agricultural system to an industrial system. Most of the changes in the last four decades have been due to the evolution of service-based economies. The growth of more developed economies around the world has been in the direction of economies where the majority of services are. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Determining the factors affecting the collective financing of knowledge-based IT companies
Ali Haji Gholam Saryazdi ali rajabzadeh ghotri alinaghi mashayekhi alireza hassanzade

The method of crowdfunding in the world has expanded rapidly due to the need for financing in the early stages of start-up businesses as well as advances in information technology. In Iran, several financing platforms have been established so far, some of which have bee More

The method of crowdfunding in the world has expanded rapidly due to the need for financing in the early stages of start-up businesses as well as advances in information technology. In Iran, several financing platforms have been established so far, some of which have been successful and some of which have been unsuccessful. Therefore, it is necessary to help the development of this method by examining the factors affecting it. Since mass financing is a new and new phenomenon, it is necessary to increase its awareness in the society in an appropriate way while determining the factors affecting this method. The collective modeling method is based on social networks and the Web 2 with the aim of recognizing new phenomena. Therefore, in this article, using collective modeling, the factors affecting crowdfunding in Iran in order to support start-up companies in the field of IT are discussed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Application of clustering in AODV routing protocol for intercity networks on the highway scenario
amin feyzi Vahid Sattari-Naeini majid mohammadi

Intercarous networks are a subset of mobile networks in which vehicles are considered as network nodes. The main difference with case mobile networks is the rapid mobility of nodes, which causes rapid topology change in this network It becomes. Rapid changes in network More

Intercarous networks are a subset of mobile networks in which vehicles are considered as network nodes. The main difference with case mobile networks is the rapid mobility of nodes, which causes rapid topology change in this network It becomes. Rapid changes in network topology are a major challenge for routing, for routing in these networks, routing protocols must be robust and reliable. One of the well-known routing protocols in intercity networks is the AODV routing protocol. The application of this routing protocol on intercity networks also has problems that increase the number of control messages in the network by increasing the scale of the network and the number of nodes. One way to reduce overhead in the AODV protocol is to cluster network nodes. In this paper, the modified K-Means algorithm is used to cluster the nodes and the particle swarm algorithm is used to select the cluster head. The results of the proposed method improve the normal routing load and increase the packet delivery rate compared to the AODV routing protocol. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Investigating the effect of using various marketing strategies on social networks on gaining the trust of council customers Investigating ترجمه‌های investigate فعلفراوانی بررسی کردن investigate, check, peruse, survey, study رسیدگی کردن consider, attend, check, investigate, inspect, investigate استفسار کردن investigate وارسی کردن sift, investigate پژوهیدن investigate, inquire, research, search تحقیق کردن investigate, inquire, verify, assay, interrogate, question اطلاعات مقدماتی بدست اوردن investigate جستار کردن investigate تفتیش کردن inquire, inspect, investigate, revise باز جویی کردن examine, assay, inquire, interrogate, investigate, cross-examine تعریف‌های investigate فعل ۱ carry out a systematic or formal inquiry to discover and examine the facts of (an incident, allegation, etc.) so as to establish the truth. police are investigating the alleged beating مترادف‌ها: check outsuss outgive something the once-overscope outinquire intolook intogo intolook overprobeexplorescrutinizeconduct an investigation intoconduct an inquiry intomake inquiries abouttry to get to the bottom ofinspectanalyzestudyexamineconsiderresearchsearch/sift the evidence concerningpore overdelve intoauditevaluatefollow up مترادف investigate فعل check outsuss outgive something the once-overscope out inquire intolook intogo intolook overprobeexplorescrutinizeconduct an investigation intoconduct an inquiry intomake inquiries abouttry to get to the bottom ofinspectanalyzestudyexamineconsiderresearchsearch/sift the evidence concerningpore overdelve intoauditevaluatefollow up همچنین ببینید investigate
farzaneh milani jafari zenouzi

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of using variety of marketing strategies in social networks to build customers’ trust. Marketing through social networks has made appropriate opportunities for companies to attract more customers. Building customers' tr More

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of using variety of marketing strategies in social networks to build customers’ trust. Marketing through social networks has made appropriate opportunities for companies to attract more customers. Building customers' trust and attracting the customers can be mentioned as marketing challenges on these networks. So, in order to create competitive advantages, companies need to use appropriate strategies of building trust. The population of this study consists of all Iranian users of social networking sites that affected by companies advertisements. Also the sample size by using snowball sampling method is 446. The research method is descriptive survey research and data collection tool is questionnaire. To test hypotheses the partial least squares (PLS) technique and SmartPLS 3 software has been used. The results show that all four variables include: transactional, relationship, database and knowledge-based marketing strategies in social networks have a significant impact to build customers’ trust. Indeed, transactional strategy has negative impact on trust so the relation between this variable and dependent variable is reverse. knowledge-based marketing strategy has the most positive impact on customers’ trust. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - The Investigation of Ability to Degradation and Removal of Various Dyes Using Silver Colloidal Nanoparticles
Mohadeseh Tavakoli Fariba Ostovar

10.29252/.3.4.9

Colors are one of the most important pollutants of water, and only one entry into the water can significantly reduce the quality of water. In addition, due to the synthetic origin and the presence of complex molecules in the structure of colors, the purification process More

Colors are one of the most important pollutants of water, and only one entry into the water can significantly reduce the quality of water. In addition, due to the synthetic origin and the presence of complex molecules in the structure of colors, the purification process is sometimes accompanied by some problems. Colloidal nanoparticles play an important role in technology, especially in the manufacture of glass and ceramics, and are used as a suitable method for cleaning pollutants in water and wastewater. In this study, a chemical regeneration method was used to synthesize colloidal silver nanoparticles. Then, to evaluate the efficiency of synthetic silver nanoparticles, several solutions of dye and pigments such as sulfur, azo, reactive, cationic and anionic dyes were prepared and synthetic material was used for degradation of different colors. Finally, the effect of this colloidal nanoparticle on each of them was studied and compared. The results showed that silver colloidal nanoparticles have the ability to degradation and removal of methyl orange and methyl red dyes from aqueous samples, and these nanoparticles can be used for treatment the water and wastewater containing these dyes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Evaluation and comparison of some green methods for synthesis of silver nanoparticles
sepide hamedi seyed abbas shojaossadati

10.29252/.3.5.59

Nowadays, there is an increasing need to develop high-yield, low cost, nontoxic, and eco-friendly procedures for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Therefore, the green synthesis methods become customary for synthesis of nanoparticles. Among metallic nanoparticles, na More

Nowadays, there is an increasing need to develop high-yield, low cost, nontoxic, and eco-friendly procedures for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Therefore, the green synthesis methods become customary for synthesis of nanoparticles. Among metallic nanoparticles, nanosilver has developed because of its therapeutic properties. So in this paper, polysaccharide, tollens and biological green methods were investigated. In polysaccharide and tollens methods, starch and β-D glucose were used as a satabilizer and reducer respectively. In biological method biomass and cell filtrate of the Fusarium oxysporum fungus were used for the synthesis of nanoparticles. SEM images and UV-visible absorbtion spectra of these procedures showed that the polysaccharide method produced smaller silver nanoparticles wih high productivity. The changes of NADH-dependant nitrate reductase enzyme activity was evaluated in growh duration by colorometric Harely method due to importance of this enzyme in extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Results showed that the changes of dry cell mass impact on the enzyme activity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Evaluation of the Efficiency of Tallens, Polysaccharides and microbial Methods in Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

10.29252/.3.5.65

One of the important aspects of nanotechnology application is expanding sustainable and eco-friendly procedures for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Therefore, the green synthesis methods become customary for synthesis of nanoparticles. In this research, green polys More

One of the important aspects of nanotechnology application is expanding sustainable and eco-friendly procedures for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Therefore, the green synthesis methods become customary for synthesis of nanoparticles. In this research, green polysaccharide methods, modified polysaccharide, tollens and microbial methods were investigated. In polysaccharide and tollens methods, starch and β-D glucose were used as a satabilizer and reducer respectively. In biological method biomass and cell filtrate of the Fusarium oxysporum fungus were used for synthesis of nanoparticles. SEM images and UV-visible absorbtion spectra of these procedures showed that the polysaccharide method produced smaller silver nanoparticles (20 nm), more resistance (2 months) and higher efficiency. Also, TEM imageindicated that the shapes of these particles are spherical. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Comparison of support vector machine and artificial neural network classification methods to produce landuse maps (Case study: Bojagh National Park)
Mahsa Abdoli Laktasaraei Maryam Haghighi khomami

10.29252/.5.8.47

National parks and wildlife shelter are the most important natural heritages; therefore, knowing of quantitative and qualitative changes in their land use plays an essential role in the quality of these areas' management. various algorithms have been developed to classi More

National parks and wildlife shelter are the most important natural heritages; therefore, knowing of quantitative and qualitative changes in their land use plays an essential role in the quality of these areas' management. various algorithms have been developed to classify satellite imagery in remote sensing, selecting an appropriate classification algorithm is very important in achieving the accurate results. In this research, a more accurate algorithm was determined by comparing the classification accuracy of two artificial neural network and support vector machine algorithms, and it was used to examine the process of the land use changes. The present study was performed in Boujagh National Park, in the Guilan Province, during the years 2000 to 2017, using satellite imagery ETM and OLI of Landsat 7 and 8. The results of the research revealed that the support vector machine algorithm with overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of 86.42 and 0.83 respectively for the year 2000 and, 90.65 and 0.88 for the year 2017, classified the satellite images more precisely, in comparison with the artificial neural network algorithm with overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of 83.71 and 0.80 respectively for the year 2000 and overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of 89.25 and 0.87 for the year 2017. Therefore, the land use maps of the support vector machine algorithm were used to determine the land use changes. The study of land use change by this method concluded that the areas of the waterbody, sea, grassland and agriculture have decreased and marshland, woody and bare lands classes showed an increase during the study period. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Comparing A Hybridization of Fuzzy Inference System and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm with Deep Learning to Predict Stock Prices
Majid Abdolrazzagh-Nezhad mahdi kherad

Predicting stock prices by data analysts have created a great business opportunity for a wide range of investors in the stock markets. But the fact is difficulte, because there are many affective economic factors in the stock markets that they are too dynamic and compl More

Predicting stock prices by data analysts have created a great business opportunity for a wide range of investors in the stock markets. But the fact is difficulte, because there are many affective economic factors in the stock markets that they are too dynamic and complex. In this paper, two models are designed and implemented to identify the complex relationship between 10 economic factors on the stock prices of companies operating in the Tehran stock market. First, a Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System (MFIS) is designed that the fuzzy rules set of its inference engine is found by the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSO). Then a Deep Learning model consisting of 26 neurons is designed wiht 5 hidden layers. The designed models are implemented to predict the stock prices of nine companies operating on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The experimental results show that the designed deep learning model can obtain better results than the hybridization of MFIS-PSO, the neural network and SVM, although the interperative ability of the obtained patterns, more consistent behavior with much less variance, as well as higher convergence speed than other models can be mentioned as significant competitive advantages of the MFIS-PSO model Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Using a multi-objective optimization algorithm for tasks allocate in the cloud-based systems to reduce energy consumption
sara tabaghchimilan nima jafari novimipour

Nowadays, new technologies have increased the demand for business in the web environment.Increasing demand will increase the variety and number of services. As a result, the creation of large-scale computing data centers has high operating costs and consumes huge amount More

Nowadays, new technologies have increased the demand for business in the web environment.Increasing demand will increase the variety and number of services. As a result, the creation of large-scale computing data centers has high operating costs and consumes huge amounts of electrical power. On the other hand, inadequate and inadequate cooling systems not only cause excessive heating of resources and shorten the life of the machines. It also produces carbon that plays an important role in the weather. Therefore, they should reduce the total energy consumption of these systems with proper methods. In this research, an efficient energy management approach is provided in virtual cloud data centers, which reduces energy consumption and operational costs, and brings about an increase in the quality of services. It aims to provide a resource allocation strategy for cloud systems with the goal of reducing energy, cost of implementation and examining its use in cloud computing. The results of the simulation show that the proposed method in comaprision to NPA, DVFS, ST and MM methods can reduce the average energy consumption up to 0.626 kWh, also the need to immigration and SLA violation declined up to 186 and 30.91% respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Survey management solutions of urban effete fabrics and exhibition optimal pattern in intervention (Case study: Quarter of Sartapole in Sanandaj city)
Hamed ghadermarzi Atefeh Ahmadi Dehrashid

Attention to urban old and effete fabrics as fabrics that have problem, not just in Iran but in the world has a long history. Organizing and improving this fabrics that more located in center and core of historical city, the best way to describe history and national ide More

Attention to urban old and effete fabrics as fabrics that have problem, not just in Iran but in the world has a long history. Organizing and improving this fabrics that more located in center and core of historical city, the best way to describe history and national identity and is one of bases for realization ideals innate development. The GIS based on functions, applied algorithms and their ability can as efficient tool helped management of effete fabrics in order to overcome said concerns. Present research has be done based analytical-descriptive method and with emphasis on practical aspects and with use of data collected at database of geographic information systems relevant to Sanandaj municipal. Case study is Sartapole quarter in Sanandaj city, this region selected because including effete indicator factors. In order to obtain to each of optimal patterns of management effete fabrics in case study including improvements, renovations, reformation,… based key indicators in identify exhaustion type of urban effete fabrics created multiple data layers such as: prices maps of blocks, maps of old buildings, Access Map, map of the number of classes, slope map of streets, landuse map, area map of blocks in case study, covering maps of roads, map of type materials and ... Finally, with spatial analysis and using practical algorithm in GIS and and usage of Fuzzy Logic were identified priority areas for the development of effete fabric based proposed solutions improvements, renovations, reformation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Evaluate of the vulnerability of urban passages network due to earthquake Case Study: Tehran Municipality Region 6
علیرضا بهرامی Mehdi Bahrampour Ali Yazdani

Human earthquake, over time, faced with irreparable damages. Decision-makers have always tried to manage the crisis and challenges arising from it. Therefore, assessment of vulnerability of urban areas and planning to reduce these damage is necessary. This research was More

Human earthquake, over time, faced with irreparable damages. Decision-makers have always tried to manage the crisis and challenges arising from it. Therefore, assessment of vulnerability of urban areas and planning to reduce these damage is necessary. This research was conducted with the aim of assessing the urban area against earthquake and with the crisis management approach in Tehran 6th area. For this purpose Valued, 11 criteria for degree of confinement, construction density, building quality, population density, materials and structure of the building unit, access to health centers, width of the road, building height, land use, maximum horizontal acceleration of the land and the age of the building by Delphi method. Subsequently, the indexes were analyzed using the IHWP Hierarchical Model and the criteria were overlapped in GIS software. The results of the earthquake vulnerability map showed 4.8% of the area in the vulnerability class was very low, 19% in the vulnerability class, 46.2% in the middle class vulnerability, 25.4% in the vulnerability class, and 4.6% in the vulnerability class. The vulnerability class is very large. Regarding the Vulnerability Map of Area 6, we can find that areas with a higher-wiring network and low-density distribution of low-density constructions tend to be less damaged, most of which are located on the periphery of the region or north of the 6th area. Existing districts in the north of the region are less vulnerable than the rest of the study area. As you move from north to south, the vulnerability increases. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - The Study of Urban Textures Vulnerability against the Earthquake Crises (Case study: Region 8 Municipality of Tabriz)
Saber Abdollahzadegan

One of the issues that most cities of the world are involved is natural disasters.The need to reduce vulnerability of cities against natural disasters such as earthquakes can be considered as one of the main objectives of urban planning and urban designing.Therefore, th More

One of the issues that most cities of the world are involved is natural disasters.The need to reduce vulnerability of cities against natural disasters such as earthquakes can be considered as one of the main objectives of urban planning and urban designing.Therefore, the present study aims to identify the vulnerable pieces of district 8 of Tabriz against earthquake.In this study, 9 indicators of population density, building density, land usage, microlithicity, access to relief centers, open space, quality of materials, quality of buildings and distance from risk making centers were selected.Then, by the use of ANP method and combining the related criteria in GIS environment, vulnerability of the district 8 of Tabriz was investigated.The results showed that more than 43% of the parts of district 8 of Tabriz have high and very high vulnerability against earthquake that high vulnerability can be seen in old quarters due to the very narrow and dead-end passages, small and breakable parts, old buildings with less durable materials and neglected building privacies.According to the zoning map, about 15.84 percent had average vulnerability and 29.94 percent less vulnerability.Considering the vulnerability of the district, proper planning to organize the mentioned buildings is needed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - An Estimation of the Trend of City Horizontal Expansion within Seismic Faults and natural Risky Regions and its Consequences (Case Study: Saqqez county in Kurdistan province)
abdolah tayari Mohammad Ali Salari Kamangar

A review on different research about human habitats indicates that geology structure and environmental characteristics have affected city establishment and dwelling selection. With this in mind, the place of establishment (plains, foothills, so an) of a greater part of More

A review on different research about human habitats indicates that geology structure and environmental characteristics have affected city establishment and dwelling selection. With this in mind, the place of establishment (plains, foothills, so an) of a greater part of human habitats generally and urban habitats specifically has encountered such phenomena as quakes, landslides due to its relative proximity with the faults. The occurrence of numerous earthquakes in different places of the country within recent decades and their negative consequences especially on urban centers is a clear proof to this argument. Saqqez city in Kurdistan province due to its location with the proximity of many faults (Saqqez river faults, Valikhan river, Sonata and so an) is one of the places that from one hand the natural sea-bed features of its location has caused the possibility of accessibility to this property. From another perspective the horizontal expansion of the city in direction of above-mentioned faults has increased the accessibility. Now this writing tries to investigate the horizontal and physical development of the city in wake of quakes. For this respect, by using Topography – digitally maps and geology at the scale of 1:250000 and by using geographic information systems including Arc GIS and Arc view soft ware's and historical seismographic data , the isoseismic curve maps and expanse measurement of quake risk have been delineated. The results of the research hold that in accordance with seismography map and examining the quake occurrence timing in the region, there is a higher possibility of earthquakes in Saqqez. Most importantly, the city has been developing hastily towards unstable heights and minor faults in western and northern parts. An accordingly editing strategic and essential measure in the course of reducing quake risks by optimum orientation towards horizontal expansion is absolutely crucial. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Electronics City the role in promoting of indicators of sustainable development with emphasis on electronic banking case study in Karaj
Alireza Estelaji Najmeh Shahtalebi

Issues and problems in the issue of air pollution, heavy traffic and wasting time on the streets, increasing the administrative and commercial activities of citizens in cities, increasing population and lack of fitness facilities and services, so that for various reason More

Issues and problems in the issue of air pollution, heavy traffic and wasting time on the streets, increasing the administrative and commercial activities of citizens in cities, increasing population and lack of fitness facilities and services, so that for various reasons has been formed in cities As well as citizens increasingly demand to provide satisfactory service and quality, and the municipal and state slogan and policy managers to focus on sustainable urban development, decision-making and planning based on technology and techniques the world's urban management is not only inevitable but also necessary and enter the world of electronic logical and convenient to the city is needed. One of the most widely used and most central urban needs of electronic services, electronic banking services, which with its activities is an important contribution to sustainable urban development. Therefore, this research was carried Metropolis research. The study was cross-sectional and library studies and field research was conducted using questionnaires. The results of the test the hypotheses using one sample T-test or One sample T test and Spearman correlation was also Shows that electronic banking will have an important role in the realization of sustainable urban development and in this regard citizens as key stakeholders have a direct influence on this issue and the possibility of achieving the desired goals is not possible without the participation of citizens. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Redefinition of geopolitics of shia (by emphasizing on demonstration of Arba'een)

Religion in politics and tie with power is discussable and investigable in category of geopolitical studies, in general and cultural geopolitics (geoculture), in particular. In this sense, geopolitics of shia means power and intensity of effectiveness of shia society on More

Religion in politics and tie with power is discussable and investigable in category of geopolitical studies, in general and cultural geopolitics (geoculture), in particular. In this sense, geopolitics of shia means power and intensity of effectiveness of shia society on regional and international changes and policies. Main hypothesis of the research seeks to respond to this question that what position demonstration of Arba'een as one of symbolic teachings and elements of sect of shia has in geopolitical weight and power sources of shias? Several factors such as supreme situation of shias in the region, maximum hegemony of shias on energy sources of the middle east, capability of threatening Israeli regime, regional power of Iran, democratic nature of shia governments and in short, events of the region during these four decades (from Iranian revolution) provided field of establishing power of shias in the region. Although power basics of this geopolitics have caused and cause always to image fear of Shia from western– Arabian governments in the region, existing realities state geopolitical power of shier. The present research seeks to redefine geopolitics of Shia. Hypothesis is this, when a true understanding of geopolitics of shia is possible that a true cognition of root and real origin of power of shia is done .here, thoughts and beliefs and in other sense, shia ideology (Ashura, the pond of Khumm, Mahdiism, Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, etc.) are the same infrastructure and real power of shia. In other sense, in fact real power of shia is due to these values and beliefs. One of these values that today, has been converted into dislpay of faith, unity and power of shias in the region and the world, is huge demonstration of Arba'een. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Women and Endowment/vaqf (case study: Tehran city in the Qajar and Pahlavi Eras )
parvaneh shahhoseyni

People's voluntary contributions and activities to manage various affairs, especially in supportive affairs and poverty alleviation, have always been a part of human activities. Endowment or vaqf is one of the ways of social contribution that social groups, including wo More

People's voluntary contributions and activities to manage various affairs, especially in supportive affairs and poverty alleviation, have always been a part of human activities. Endowment or vaqf is one of the ways of social contribution that social groups, including women, are engaged in. The purpose of this research is to identify how women in Tehran participated in vaqf-related social activities during the Qajar and Pahlavi periods. The research method is documentary-descriptive. The statistical population includes all the endower women of Tehran city in the studied periods whose information is available. The vaqf-related data of these endower women were collected from valid sources, and were analyzed using statistical methods and AHP model. The findings show that the women of Tehran, having the right to own property and financial independence, have had the opportunity to participate in social affairs according to their tendency. Although in both studied periods, the religious motivation for vaqf had a higher position than other motivations, during the Qajar period, part of the development and Construction process of Tehran city has been accomplished through vaqf. The type of endowment sites is closely related to the social class of the endowers. Therefore, since most of the women in the city of Tehran during the Qajar period were mainly from the aristocracy and the lords, their most endowed sites is commercial, with a tendency towards dokan (old small store or shop), which in the Pahlavi era, was replaced with residential sites, especially home. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Investigating the role of topography in magnifying seismic effects in the Kalat Naderi area
Mohammad mohammadnejad leila goli mokhtari Abolfazl bahniyafar

Abstract Natural disasters annually cause an average More than a thousand billion damages to the country. According to experts, Iran is one of the most prone areas of the earthquake and according to official statistics in the last 15 years, 6% of the earthquake casualt More

Abstract Natural disasters annually cause an average More than a thousand billion damages to the country. According to experts, Iran is one of the most prone areas of the earthquake and according to official statistics in the last 15 years, 6% of the earthquake casualties were earthquake. In this regard, assessing the seismic vulnerability of different regions of the country in order to reduce the vulnerability of urban communities should be a priority in planning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of topography in magnifying seismic effects in the Kalat-Naderi area of Khorasan Razavi province using Pessina et al. In this regard, first, the digital elevation model of sites prone to magnification of geomorphological effects was investigated. These effects included: ridge, peaks, hills, valleys with features such as slope shape, as well as slope and elevation difference. GIS functions were also used to classify critical areas. The resulting maps can be used to assess large-scale topographic areas of risk and earthquake risk. According to the results of the study, out of the total study area, 74.71% were in the range of low magnification, 21.12% in high class and 4.15% in high class. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Tendency evaluation of Neyriz Citizens to participatory management with an emphasis on social capital components
mohammad hossein saraei

Nowadays. Citizens' participation as a key element in achieving the expected goals has a great importance in the management of urban affairs. Because involving people can play an important role in creating urban equilibrium. So, the purpose of this research is to evalua More

Nowadays. Citizens' participation as a key element in achieving the expected goals has a great importance in the management of urban affairs. Because involving people can play an important role in creating urban equilibrium. So, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the tendency of Neyriz citizens to participate in participatory management and explain the correlation between the degree of citizens' access to the components of social capital and their contribution to urban management. single-sample T-test, Independent T-test, variance analysis, Tukey, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman and multiple regression are used to analyze the data. The results of the research and the results of single-sample t-test ( =92/23) indicate the average of citizenship participation rate and This is a significant correlation between participation rate and variables of marital status, job type with significant level of 0/000 and 0/031 But it is not correlated with two variables, gender and literacy rate. On the other hand, there is a significant correlation between citizens' access to social capital with their participation rate with a significant level of 0/000 and the Pearson coefficient of 0.446 ̽ ̽.this means that, the greater social capital among individuals, the proportion of citizen participation in urban management increases. In this regard, the results of multiple regression show that among dimensions of social capital, social cohesion with a beta value (B = 0.292) has had the greatest impact on citizen participation in urban management. So that the linear combination of variance of social capital dimensions can explain 21% of the variance in the level of citizen participation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - The Role of the partnership program in green city with a view to the city of Shemshak as the first candidate in Iran's green city
Alireza Estelaji rahim sarvar

Today, environmental problems are one of the most important urban issues and conflicts with the natural environment. Because urban development has to be controlled by the building industry and transportation, and economic activity on natural spaces, this dominance is do More

Today, environmental problems are one of the most important urban issues and conflicts with the natural environment. Because urban development has to be controlled by the building industry and transportation, and economic activity on natural spaces, this dominance is dominated by the language in the from of dominance of the city over the nature of the city. The fact is that the root of contemporary environmental crises should beviewed in the view and interpretation of the environment of natural search . In other words the main problem is the knowledge and the world of the nose. Green city is a new approach to making solutions to change destructive behavior and to encourage positive environmental behavior. The use of energy in home, use of insecticides, disposal of waste materials in non-sanitary manner non-segregation of waste for recycling, and that is not the result of a partnership program. The city of Shemshak is the first candidate for the green city, due to its environmental ability and tourist attractions to implement green indicators and become a high-quality model and model for other cities in the province of Tehran and the country. In this context using the SWOT technique (analyzing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) to identify the effective internal and external factors in this context. It deals with the plan to realize the effectiveness of green indicators in this city. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Analyzing the Performance of Female Dehyars in the Process of Rural Development (Case Study: Central Part of Rasht)

If today we consider rural development as a strategy, which is implemented to improve the economic, social, environmental life and also the life of a particular group of people, then there is a significant relationship between the duties of Dehyars and rural development More

If today we consider rural development as a strategy, which is implemented to improve the economic, social, environmental life and also the life of a particular group of people, then there is a significant relationship between the duties of Dehyars and rural development. This research tries to study the goals that rural development are looking them in female Dehyars’ performance. Therefore the purpose of present study is evaluating and analyzing the performance of female Dehyars in comparison with male ones, which has been assessed and evaluated in the environmental, socio-economic, and physical aspects of the rural development process. It is a descriptive-analytic study and its necessary data has been collected through both documentary and survey methods. The statistical universe is the villages in central part of Rasht. In order to evaluate the performance of women, 12 villages in the central part of the city which had a female Dehyar and 12 villages with male Dehyar were selected and 370 questionnaires were distributed by random sampling among villagers. The research findings indicate that women in different parts of rural development have different performance and their highest performance based on John Friedman's survey and statistical test is in the physical and economic fields of the village, which totally female Dehyars in many cases and issues are better than male Dehyars and also villagers’ satisfaction toward them is high. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Evaluation of Urban Smart Growth Indicators Using Factor Analysis Model (Case Study: District 1, Shiraz, Iran)
Mohammad

The Smart Growth Strategy is one of the new approaches to sustainable development. The present study is based on a descriptive-analytic method using a questionnaire, where the reliability of the research tool was obtained based on the Cronbach's alpha coefficient as 0.8 More

The Smart Growth Strategy is one of the new approaches to sustainable development. The present study is based on a descriptive-analytic method using a questionnaire, where the reliability of the research tool was obtained based on the Cronbach's alpha coefficient as 0.82. The statistical sample involved 321 citizens of District 1 of Shiraz. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. To achieve the research objective (determining the status of Smart growth indicators in District 1 of Shiraz(, a factor analysis test was used. The results of Bartlett's test of sphericity showed that there was a significant relationship between the urban Smart growth indexes studied in the study (with 0.000Sig), in fact, there was a significant correlation between variables. in the Criterion of the four factors density, "net residential density" with the factor load of 0.760, "public transport access or walking to work" with factor load of 0.820 and " using public transportation or walking to access the CBD” with: 0.790 were identified as the most important factors. Moreover, in the factor accessibility criteria, "rate of apartment living" with the factor load of 0.821, "ease of access to public transportation" with factor load of 0.570 and "rate of using public transport or walking for access to CBD", 0.539 were identified as the most important factors. Finally, in the field of mixed land use, “percentage of households in residential units”, "walking or public transportation access rate to recreational facilities" and "ease of access to public transportation" were identified as the most important factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - Urban Catalyst: Concepts and Requirements
Nahid Nematikutenaee Farzaneh Salami farideh Asadian

Today, urban transformations have led to general changes due to increasing sensitivities to human and environmental well-being. So far, there have been many approaches to urban transformation that most notably of them include urban revitalization, urban redevelopment, a More

Today, urban transformations have led to general changes due to increasing sensitivities to human and environmental well-being. So far, there have been many approaches to urban transformation that most notably of them include urban revitalization, urban redevelopment, and urban regeneration. Regeneration approach has a more comprehensive and integrated vision for solving urban problems, especially Brownfield which has many opportunities for urban transformation and improving people's quality of life. But its regeneration faces challenges in clean-up and redevelopment. To overcome these challenges, the strategy of urban catalyst can be applied due to being an instrument within the strategies of urban transformation that comes out of the texture and rehabilitates that. This research presents the concepts and basic requirements of urban catalyst projects and their planning (political, management and leadership, legal, economic, social and environmental), design (underlying factors, Sense of location and identity) and implementation (4Ps model or public-private-people partnership) components for the acceleration of urban development. At the end, with the knowledge that every city has unique characteristic and it is not possible to adopt a single instruction for all cities, however, regarding to the global experiences, a common Brownfield regeneration process with the help of urban catalyst projects is presented by a proposed model in this study. If projects are understood and developed in accordance with what the city needs, they can deeply affect on the inefficient urban areas regeneration especially Brownfield. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - Explaining the SmartMobility in Shiraz Metropolis Based on Sustainable Development Theory
Elahe kavoosi Jamal mohammadi

Smart urban mobility has become increasingly controversial in recent years, not only in academic literature but also in urban policies and strategies. However, in many cities around the world and in our country, Iran, smart urban mobility and mobility have been associat More

Smart urban mobility has become increasingly controversial in recent years, not only in academic literature but also in urban policies and strategies. However, in many cities around the world and in our country, Iran, smart urban mobility and mobility have been associated with problems such as lack of citizen participation and inequality due to inefficient urban management. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate and explain the indicators of mobility and mobility indicators (including transportation infrastructure, public transportation, sustainable transportation, information and communication technology) and the social dimensions of these infrastructures, including the level of citizen participation. Use of these infrastructures) and the relationship between these indicators and sustainable development of Shiraz city should be discussed. and analyze the framework of mobility and transportation of smart transportation for Shiraz. The results show that the mobility and displacement variables are in poor condition based on different dimensions of access, sustainable transport as well as ICT. Different indices of each of these dimensions point to the same issue, as its level of evaluation (significance level less than 0.05 and average lower than the criterion) points to their undesirability from the point of view citizens. The study of the impact of smart mobility indicators on sustainable development also shows that smart mobility indicators account for 26% of the total variance of sustainable development. On this basis, it should be noted that the mobility variable does not have an appropriate position in Shiraz, and this has not only affected its development process in recent decades, but also poses many challenges for its future development. The growing trend of the population and on the other hand the various social and cultural features as well as tourism are evolving in such a way that it requires a major focus on a systematic transportation based on smart city approach. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Seismic hazard assessment of the city of Khoy using deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard analysis approaches
Nasim Rahmani Abasfam

Construction of new cities or development of old towns in an area requires geological and geophysical (seismic) studies. The city of Khoy is one of the developing cities that have to be study. Therefore, the Deterministic and Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (DSHA More

Construction of new cities or development of old towns in an area requires geological and geophysical (seismic) studies. The city of Khoy is one of the developing cities that have to be study. Therefore, the Deterministic and Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (DSHA and PSHA) approaches have been used to assess seismic hazards and earthquake risk in the city. For this purpose, analyses have been carried out considering historic and instrumented earthquakes, geologic and seismotectonic parameters of the region covering a radius of 100 km with the city of Khoy in the center. Therefore, the main faults and fault zones in the study area were studied and length and distance of each fault from the center of the city of Khoy was calculated. At the next step, the Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE) and Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) have been measured using both DSHA and PSHA approaches and also equations presented by different researchers. DSHA Results show that the MCE and PGA values are 6.5 and 0.31g, respectively. PSHA results indicated that the MCE evaluated value is 6.1 for a 0.64 probability in a 50-years period. The period of this earthquake is 110 years and its probability will be 0.009 per a year. The occurrence probability of earthquakes with magnitude equal or greater than 7.1 is 10% and for earthquakes with magnitude equal or greater than 6.3 is 50% for the study area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Geochemistry and origin of orogenic gold in Qolqoleh area, Kurdistan: using fluid inclusion and stable isotope methods
Taghipour Makizadeh فرهاد احمدنژاد

The Qolqoleh gold deposit is located in the northwestern part of the Sanandaj–Sirjan metamorphic belt, about 50 km south-west of Saqqez. The rocks in the vicinity of the Qolqoleh deposit consist predominantly of Mesozoic volcano-sedimentary sequences of phyllite, meta-l More

The Qolqoleh gold deposit is located in the northwestern part of the Sanandaj–Sirjan metamorphic belt, about 50 km south-west of Saqqez. The rocks in the vicinity of the Qolqoleh deposit consist predominantly of Mesozoic volcano-sedimentary sequences of phyllite, meta-limestone, cholorite- sericite schist, metavolcanic and granitic intrusive rocks that have undergone greenschist facies metamorphism. Geochemical studies indicate that gold mineralization occur in the sulfide-quartz veins. Based on the number of phases present at room temperature and their microthermometric behavior, three fluid inclusion types were recognized: type I mono phase aqueous inclusions, type II two-phase aqueous inclusions (aqueous + vapor), that based on Th could be subdivided into two groups: type IIa show salinities of 5–13 wt.% NaCl equivalent and Th-tot of 205 to 255 °C. Type IIb with salinities of 15–19 wt.% NaCl equivalent and Th-tot of 335 to 385 C. Type III three-phase shows carbonic–aqueous inclusions (aqueous–LCO2–VCO2) with salinities of 9–13 wt.% NaCl equivalent and Th-tot of 345–385 °C. Furthermore, the mean values of density of ore-forming fluids, pressure and depth of mineralization are 0.79-0.93 gr/cm3, 2 Kbar and 7 Km respectively. On the basis of these data, the Qolqoleh gold deposit is categorized in meso zonal orogenic gold deposit. The δ_0^18 values of the ore-forming fluids are in the range of 7.2‰ to 8‰ and the D values are from -35.27‰ to -40.23‰, which indicate a source of deep-originated metamorphic water that is partially mixed with shallow meteoric water. The change of tectonic regime from compressional to extensional in association with the continuously increasing geothermal gradient, results in remobilization of large amounts of metamorphic fluids. Mixing of ascending orogenic drive fluids with descending meteoric fluids led to deposition of gold by sulfide minerals. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Synthesis of smart nanoparticles polymer for extraction of phenoxy acid herbicides from water samples
Majid Tashi Gholam Abbas Fanaei Kheirabad sogol mirzaei Mehrdad pakzad Oskooi noorbakhsh Mirzaei Heydariyan Dehkordi هادی تابانی

Due to their high polarity andsolubility in water these acidic herbicides can be released from harvest fields and therefore pollute surface and ground waters. The World Health Organization (WHO) regulations set 70 ng mL−1 as the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of phenox More

Due to their high polarity andsolubility in water these acidic herbicides can be released from harvest fields and therefore pollute surface and ground waters. The World Health Organization (WHO) regulations set 70 ng mL−1 as the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of phenoxy acid herbicidesin drinking water [2]. Therefore, the presence of these chemicals inwater sources is highly objectionable for human and animal consumption. Due to the fact that the major sources of drinking water are ground water and river water, monitoring the acidic and polar herbicides in these water sources is quite necessary. Therefore, in this study, we focused on introducing a novel microgel sorbent in which the adsorption and desorption of analytes are controlled only by changing the pH value of the sample. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report on employing a pH-sensitive magnetic microgel as a new sorbent. In order to increase the adsorption efficiency and rapidly separatethe sorbent from the sample matrix by an external magnetic field, microgel was grafted on magnetic nanoparticles. Finally, the optimized procedure was employed to determine these phenoxy acid herbicides in river water samples. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - Investigation of geochemistry of minor and trace elements (rare earths) in the base metal vein mineralization Yaralujeh area (NW Ahar - East Azarbaijan)
Zohreh Jabarzadeh Mehadi Moradi Moayyed Zargar Faramarzi

The Yaralujeh vein index is located about 40 km NW of Ahar, East Azarbaijan. Based on geochemical studies, the original host rock is microdioritic in composition with calc – alkaline character, situated in an active continental margin volcanic arc. The mineralization i More

The Yaralujeh vein index is located about 40 km NW of Ahar, East Azarbaijan. Based on geochemical studies, the original host rock is microdioritic in composition with calc – alkaline character, situated in an active continental margin volcanic arc. The mineralization is occurred as disseminated, stockwork and veins - veinlets containing quartz, carbonate and sulfide minerals in altered subvolcanic rocks (microdiorite). Pyrite, sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite are the most important sulfide minerals in this area. The most important alerations in this area are sericitic and carbonatization, and the main alteration minerals are quartz, sericite, illite, albite, kaolinite, leucoxene, pyrite and late carbonates. Bivariate diagrams of Ba + Sr vs. Ce + Y + La and Zr vs. TiO2 and also values less than one for TiO2 indicate a hypogenic origin for altered fluids. The spider diagrams of REEs, normalized to both chondrite and average upper continental crust, show differentiation of LREE from HREE and depletion of LREE relative to average upper continental crust. Based on geochemical indicators such as Hf / Sm, Nb / La and Th / La and LREE enriched relative to the HREE, the most important ion complexes transition metal are Cl- complexes. Ce, Eu and Pr (Eu/Eu*, Ce/Ce*, Pr/Pr*) anomalies in ore-bearing vein and host rock indicates near-neutral pH in a redox environment for the alteration fluids in Yaralujeh Index. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Geochemistry of Salafchegan quartz diorite pluton
Mahbobeh Nazari Shahryar Keshtgar Ali Kananian Mohammad Boomeri

The Salafchegan quartz diorite pluton which is located at 45 km southwest of Qom, has intruded sandstone and sandy limestone of the Upper Red Formation as small subvolcanic intrusion. A zigzag pattern of major and trace elements variations in these intrusive rocks, from More

The Salafchegan quartz diorite pluton which is located at 45 km southwest of Qom, has intruded sandstone and sandy limestone of the Upper Red Formation as small subvolcanic intrusion. A zigzag pattern of major and trace elements variations in these intrusive rocks, from margin to the center of the pluton, may indicate periodical magma chamber refreshments. These subvolcanic rocks show geochemical calc-alkaline affinity and in the case of aluminum saturation index, they could be classified as meta-aluminous rocks, similar to I type granitoids. These rocks are enriched in LILE, and LREE but depleted in HREE. In addition, they show negative anomalies of Nb and Ti, low Ce/Pb, high Ba/La and Ba/Th ratios associated with high Al content. They illustrate porphyritic texture accompanied by inequilibrium phenocrysts such as zoned plagioclase or reaction rims surrounding hornblende crystals. Based on petrographical studies and geochemical analysis, it could be suggested that the parent magma of these subvolcanic rocks was related to a subduction zone and has emplaced in a magmatic arc. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - Seismotectonics of the west of Golestan province, the east of south Caspian region
Maryam Agh-Atabai Marjan Tourani

Golestan province is located in one of the seismically active zones of Iran. The seismicity maps of Golestan province show that density of earthquakes in the west is more than the east. In this research, the parameters including b-value, recurrence time and seismic mome More

Golestan province is located in one of the seismically active zones of Iran. The seismicity maps of Golestan province show that density of earthquakes in the west is more than the east. In this research, the parameters including b-value, recurrence time and seismic moment were studied to investigate the seismicity of the west of Golestan province. The focal mechanism of earthuqakes and field data were used to determine the stress orientations in the study area. The estimated b-value is obtained as 1.24±0.2 which is comparable with the Alborz. Since the northern and southern parts of the study area have different geomorphological and structural characteristics, some of these parameters were calculated for two subdivisions; Dasht-e-Gorgan in the north and foothill in the south. Results of this study show that the earthquakes in the Dasht-e-Gorgan compared to the foothill are smaller with shorter recurrence times. For the foothills, the calculated P-axes using the stress tensor inversion method is found to be subhorizontal with trend N-NNE. For this region, at least two trends, N and NW, is calculated using field data. This result show the change of stress directions during the structural evolution of this area. The calculated p-axes trend for the Dasht-e-Gorgan is NE. In both studied areas, the focal mechanisms of greater earthquakes are consistent with the E-W to NE-SW trend of main faults especially the Khazar fault. But, the smaller events in the Gorgan Plain show a different trend and mechanism. Comparison of these two subdivisions shows that the northern Alborz foothill is more dangerous than the plain. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - Comparison of the MLP and RBF Neural Networks for the Determination of Confined Aquifer Parameters
Tahereh Azari Nozar Samani

In this paper, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are designed for the determination of confined aquifer parameters: transmissibility and storage coefficient. The networks are trained for the well function of c More

In this paper, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are designed for the determination of confined aquifer parameters: transmissibility and storage coefficient. The networks are trained for the well function of confined aquifers. By applying the principal component analysis (PCA) on the training data sets the topology of the MLP and RBF networks is reduced and fixed to [1×12×1] and [1×14×1], respectively regardless of number of records in the pumping test data. The networks generate the optimal match point coordinates for any individual real pumping test data set. The match point coordinates are then incorporated with Theis analytical solution (1935) and the aquifer parameter values are determined. The generalization ability and performance of the developed networks is evaluated with 100000 sets of synthetic data and their accuracy is compared with that of type curve matching technique by two sets of real pumping test data. The results showed that though both MLP and RBF networks are able to determine the confined aquifers parameters and eliminate graphical error inherent in the type curve matching technique but the MLP network is more accurate than the RBF network. Therefore, the proposed MLP network is recommended as an accurate automatic and fast procedure for the confined aquifer parameters estimation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - Petrogensis and tectonomagmatic setting of Moghanlu Granitoid (NW of Iran)
Fatemeh Najmi Leili Fathiyan Seyed Ahmad Mazaheri Farhad Aliani Saeid Saadat Ali Akbar Baharifar Azam Entezari Mohamad Hossian Zarinkoub

The Moghanlu granitoid was located in the northwest of central Iranian structural zone with a Precamberian age. Based on field observations and microscopic studies, this body includes tonalite, monzogranite and granodiorite. Based on geochemical studies, tonalites are I More

The Moghanlu granitoid was located in the northwest of central Iranian structural zone with a Precamberian age. Based on field observations and microscopic studies, this body includes tonalite, monzogranite and granodiorite. Based on geochemical studies, tonalites are I-type, calc-alkaline, and weakly peraluminous. Based on isotopic studies [(87Sr/86Sr (i) and εNd (i) values equal to 0.710544, -7.01 respectively)], low values of La/Yb, Sr/Y , Nb/Ta, Ni and Cr, low fractionated patterns (flat pattern) of rare earth elements (REE) and negative anomaly of Eu, it can be concluded that they were resulted from melting of amphibolitic thickened mafic crust or under plate basalts (in the stability field of plagioclase) in low pressures and low depth in volcanic arc granitic area. Monzogranites are S-type, peraluminous and calc-alkaline, which are plotted in collision zone. These rocks are enriched in LILE and LREE and also depleted in HFSE, which represent negative anomaly of Ba, Ti, Nb, Sr with Mg number about 11-20. On the basis of this result, it can be concluded that the granitoids were generated from melting of crustal rocks (melt derived from pelitic rocks with high plagioclase content). Granodiorite are I-type, calc-alkaline and peraluminous. They have 87Sr/86Sr (i) and εNd(i) values of 0.71713, -10.55, Mg number between 31-33, negative anomaly of Sr and Nb, and also positive anomaly of La and Th, which represent that these rocks were generated from partial melting of lower to middle crust. These granodiorites were formed because of thickening and shorting due to continental- continental collision (collision of Iranian-Arabian plates). With respect to geographical location of Moghanlu body and the age of this units, it seems that these granitoide rocks formed on active continental margin during convergence of Central Iran and Alborz-Azarbayjan plates to Arabian platform during Precambrian. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - The Study of geochemical behavior of major and rare earth elements of garnet in the Darreh Vali pegmatites (North-east Boroujerd, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone)
Somaye Rahmani Zahra Tahmasbi Xin Ding Ahmad Ahmadi Khalagi

The pegmatites of Darreh Vali region is located in the north-east of Boroujerd which is a part of Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. In the Darreh Vali area, granodiorite bodies are cut by small pegmatitic dykes with NW–SE trend. The mineralogy of studied pegmatites consists of quar More

The pegmatites of Darreh Vali region is located in the north-east of Boroujerd which is a part of Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. In the Darreh Vali area, granodiorite bodies are cut by small pegmatitic dykes with NW–SE trend. The mineralogy of studied pegmatites consists of quartz, alkali-feldspar (orthoclase and microcline), plagioclase, muscovite, garnet (almandine-spessartin), andalusite, tourmaline, and apatite. Chondrite-normalized patterns of the Darreh Vali pegmatite are characterized by low enrichments of LREE relative to HREE (LaN/YbN=1.76-4.04), with a relatively flat HREE distribution, and a strong negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* =0.20-0.54). Major element chemistry of garnets in these pegmatites indicates a compositional zoning with decreasing MnO and increasing FeO from core towards the rim. In the case of the Darreh Vali pegmatites, all garnet crystals contain low CaO (0.15 to 0.29 wt.%) and high MnO (10.27 to 13.18 wt.%), which are similar to magmatic garnets from pegmatitic melts. On the MnO+CaO versus FeO+MgO (in wt. %) diagram, the composition of garnets shows that they probably crystallised in contact zones of pegmatite vein and from less evolved melts. LA-ICP-MS analyses show that analysed garnets have a high HREE, low LREE contents, and strong negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*=0-0.41) in the core along with positive Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*=0-3.22) at the rim. Y, HREE, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, Hf, U and Mn decrease from core to rim. These core-to-rim elemental variations are attributed to increasing fluid-phase and H2O activity in magma, along with increasing magma fractionation. REE patterns and Eu anomalies in zoned garnets suggest that they probably formed in reducing to oxidizing conditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - Reconstruction of present-day local stress field affecting the North Tabriz Fault and surrounding areas based on earthquakes focal mechanism by using inversion method
Ahad Noori Behnam Rahimi

In this research, present-day tectonic stress field affecting North Tabriz Fault and surrounding areas was reconstructed by using 37 compiled earthquakes focal mechanism from various sources. Triangle diagrams were used to determine the sense of the earthquakes focal me More

In this research, present-day tectonic stress field affecting North Tabriz Fault and surrounding areas was reconstructed by using 37 compiled earthquakes focal mechanism from various sources. Triangle diagrams were used to determine the sense of the earthquakes focal mechanism. The sense of these data varies from strike-slip to thrust regime. Stress separation process was applied on data set for separation of the various tectonics regimes from a poly-phase system to obtain reduced stress tensors. This was done because most of the data participated in them and reconstructed stress fields completely cover the stresses affecting the region. The results of inversion analysis and internal separation of the data set show three stress regimes acting in this region. Considerably, all three stress regimes have a horizontal pressure stress with NW-SE to NNW-SSE trend. The direction of maximum pressure in each first, second and third regimes is 09/329, 28/310 and 03/138, respectively. In this research, present-day tectonic stress field affecting North Tabriz Fault and surrounding areas was reconstructed by using 37 compiled earthquakes focal mechanism from various sources. Triangle diagrams were used to determine the sense of the earthquakes focal mechanism. The sense of these data varies from strike-slip to thrust regime. Stress separation process was applied on data set for separation of the various tectonics regimes from a poly-phase system to obtain reduced stress tensors. This was done because most of the data participated in them and reconstructed stress fields completely cover the stresses affecting the region. The results of inversion analysis and internal separation of the data set show three stress regimes acting in this region. Considerably, all three stress regimes have a horizontal pressure stress with NW-SE to NNW-SSE trend. The direction of maximum pressure in each first, second and third regimes is 09/329, 28/310 and 03/138, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - Geomechanical zonation of the Faraghan, Zakeen and Sarchahan formations based on incorporation of rock mechanical and sedimentological studies, in one of the Persian Gulf oil fields
Mehran Kalhori Hooshang Mehrabi Ebrahim Sefidari Hasan Eshraghi Behnam Vaez Livari

Geomechanical studies have important applications in various topics such as wellbore stability, well completion, well orientation, hydraulic fracturing plans and operations, sand production and hydrocarbon fields subsidence. It is necessary to prepare earth mechanical m More

Geomechanical studies have important applications in various topics such as wellbore stability, well completion, well orientation, hydraulic fracturing plans and operations, sand production and hydrocarbon fields subsidence. It is necessary to prepare earth mechanical model of the well in the field. In addition, one of the necessary subjects to prepare mechanical earth model (MEM) is providing continuous rock mechanical parameters in the well. Rock mechanical parameters change by any variation in lithology. In this study, rock mechanical parameters are provided in continuous form, for Faraghan, Zakeen and Sarchahan formations for a field in the Persian Gulf and these parameters are clustered. Clustering resulted in recognizing six clusters with various rock mechanical characteristics. Petrographic study (i.e. determining facies, cementation and diagenesis) recognized five facies with different petrographic and cementation characteristics. These facies include quartz arenite and arkosic sandstones, shales, red mudstone and carbonates. A correlation between sedimentary and geomechanical facies was found. According to petrographic and geomechanical studies, the studied interval was divided into 7 sections. Accordingly, variation of rock mechanical parameters with regard to change in lithology was investigated. In addition, the impact of rock composition, cementation and compaction changes on rock mechanical parameters were evaluated as well. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - The study of geochemical behavior of major and rare earth elements of garnet in the metamorphic rocks at Boroujerd area (Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone)
فرشته سجادی Somaye Rahmani NASIM Shamsaddini Zahra Tahmasbi Hashemi Xink Ding Ahmad Ahmadi Khalagi

Garnet–mica schist and hornfels rock units are exposed in the east and southeast of Boroujerd. These rocks consist primarily of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, garnet (almandine–spessartine), chlorite, cordierite, andalusite, sillimanite, biotite, muscovite, and minor More

Garnet–mica schist and hornfels rock units are exposed in the east and southeast of Boroujerd. These rocks consist primarily of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, garnet (almandine–spessartine), chlorite, cordierite, andalusite, sillimanite, biotite, muscovite, and minor amounts of apatite, iron oxides (ilmenite and magnetite), and zircon. Whole-rock geochemical analyses reveal that the dominant protoliths are pelitic rocks. Major and trace element compositions suggest that the Boroujerd pelites were deposited along an active continental margin. Garnet porphryblasts in some hornfels samples are compositionally homogeneous with respect to major, trace and rare earth elements; this is attributed to the diffusional re-equilibration at high temperatures (>600 ºC). Garnet in schists and some hornfels samples show reverse compositional zoning with increasing Mn and decreasing Fe and Mg from core to rim. Higher concentrations of Mn in garnet rims are attributed to resorption during retrogression. The presence of chlorite around garnet porphryblasts in these schists also supports resorption during retrogression. In schists, concentrations of HREE and Y in garnet decrease from core to rim. These zoning patterns are interpreted to record garnet growth in a closed system (i.e., Rayleigh fractionation of compatible elements). Core–rim variations in the concentrations of trace elements and rare earth elements in garnet in the hornfels samples is negligible. The lack of prominent zoning of these elements in garnet from hornfels is interpreted as minimal fractionation due to rapid garnet growth. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - Analysis of indicators and feasibility of smart village development (Case study: Avargan village)
Asghar Norouzi

Despie declining rural populations, about 47% of the world's population still lives in rural areas. The villages that are generally in conditions of poverty and undevelopment. At the same time, villages have capabilities in various aspects that can play a key role in ac More

Despie declining rural populations, about 47% of the world's population still lives in rural areas. The villages that are generally in conditions of poverty and undevelopment. At the same time, villages have capabilities in various aspects that can play a key role in achieving national development. On the other hand, development ideas have shifted from the technology revolution and especially in the last decade to new and smart technologies And other traditional models will not be responsible for sustainable rural development. In fact, new conditions were created for the villages based on technology, which is called the smart village. In this research, which of applied-fundamental type and its method is descriptive-analytical and based on survey, An attempt was made to write the indicators of the smart village with library studies and to be feasible in a field method. The statistical population includes the residents of Avargan village and their number was 2041 people. Using Cochran formul and modifying it, 280 samples randomly questioned. The results showed that the most important indicators of smart village are such as agriculture, industry, services, education, health … . Also the results of the application of t-test showed the best conditions in the development of smart village are the "economic" dimension and the worst conditions are the "institutional" dimension. In the economic dimension, "services" (with an average of 3.48) and in the" institutional", "planning" (with an average of 2.11) have the best and worst conditions, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - Revision of Shams-e Tabrizi Sayings from Linguistics and Modern Criticism Perspective
manzar soltani Nafiseh Moradi

There is just one work left from Shams-e Al-Din- Muhammad-e Tabrizi, great mystic of 7th Century Hegira, which is collected and written by his students from his sayings and they called it “Maqalate (the Articles of) Shams-e Tabrizi”. Since his students granted his sayin More

There is just one work left from Shams-e Al-Din- Muhammad-e Tabrizi, great mystic of 7th Century Hegira, which is collected and written by his students from his sayings and they called it “Maqalate (the Articles of) Shams-e Tabrizi”. Since his students granted his sayings a specific holiness, they exactly had written whatever he said in most cases and this caused the language of articles to be close to speech language. Reviewing text of articles and indeed reviewing the speech method of Shams, we may come to this conclusion that he had used syntactic and linguistic deconstruction and extra-linguistic facilities to create a unique work that expresses a global and human thought and is not limited within time and space; so that he himself says that its audiences may be born many years later. Shams’ techniques and methods to communicate with his audience and reconstruction of his intuitive mystic experiences are currently under hot discussions by literary critics, linguists and modern hermeneutic scholars. This article reviews the text of Maqalat and compares Shams’ comments, particularly on lexicon and meaning, and analyzed syntactic and linguistic deconstructions of Maqalat’s text and contrasts them with comments of contemporary linguists to explain this issue that Shams was an antecessor thinker and mystic in Mystical Literature who created a work beyond time and space with his literary and unique genius which can be readout in new environment of literary sciences and involves many linguistic theories. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - Reviewing and Criticism of Research Articles on Literature in 1380 (2000) Decade
عبدالله راز Ahmad razi

Publishing research articles in contemporary period is an appropriate chance to share research findings of different scholars and informing audiences about new scientific achievements. Although their publishing have been quantitatively increasing in recent decade, there More

Publishing research articles in contemporary period is an appropriate chance to share research findings of different scholars and informing audiences about new scientific achievements. Although their publishing have been quantitatively increasing in recent decade, there were no due attention to their assessment and criticism. This article, with a descriptive-analytic method, assesses those kinds of research articles published from 1381/2001 to 1390/2011. The research expresses advantages and disadvantages of these articles and presents a picture of the status of scientific article writing in domain of literary studies. In so doing, 345 articles were selected as examples and most important subjects under focus of authors were identified and were classified in frame of text-based, context-based, author-based, reader-based, and different articles. Moreover, patterns of cooperation between authors, and quality and quantity of used resources in these articles were presented in different charts and tables. As this issue is so important and to assess the accuracy of obtained results from main sample size, another set of 345 articles were exactly reviewed in two groups of “evidence 1” and “evidence 2”. This review shows that although articles have various subjects, apply different kinds of resources, consider some interdisciplinary approaches particularly in second half of this decade relative accuracy in composing coherent articles, specialty of some journals related to literature and considerable increase of university instructors and students cooperation in publishing articles, there are lots of deficiencies in these articles, like methodology, dominance of descriptive approach, repeated contents, lack of critical view, high frequency of education-based articles, and spread of quantitative and formal criteria and so on… Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - The Concept of Death in view of “Qeysar Aminpour” in his First Poesy
مهدی فیروزیان نسیم عظیمی‌پور

Qeysar Aminpour (1960- 2007) is one of the famous representatives of Revolution and Resistance Literature. In the first poesy of Qesar Aminpour (poems of two books named Morning Breath and Sudden Mirrors) which are composed during war years, death and its different mani More

Qeysar Aminpour (1960- 2007) is one of the famous representatives of Revolution and Resistance Literature. In the first poesy of Qesar Aminpour (poems of two books named Morning Breath and Sudden Mirrors) which are composed during war years, death and its different manifests are the most brilliant concepts in his poetry. He did not mention to natural death in this period and views war-caused deaths from two viewpoints: 1- people viewpoint: death is a disastrous event for innocent children and women and it has an abominable face which shows the brutality of enemy and the obscenity of war; 2- combatants’ viewpoint: death, i.e. martyrdom, has a sublime value and poet always tries to produce a beautiful manifest of death. After clarifying these mentioned viewpoints, we tried, in two sections of Martyrdom and Martyr, to introduce artistic methods of Qeysar Aminpour in dealing with Concept of Death from second viewpoint (Martyrdom) through Metaphor, Simile and Symbol- with mentioning to artistic beauties of his poetry- and finally we decoded some other of his poets based on these data and knowing his literary method and thinking system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - From Avesta Simorgh (Roc) to Gold Simorgh (Roc)
Farideh Davoudymoghadam Zahra عسگري

According to the role of Simorgh (Roc) archetype among authors and artists, we see effective presence of Simorgh in classical Persian texts having different functions like mythical, epic, philosophical, mystical and so on roles. Among these functions, it has shapes of b More

According to the role of Simorgh (Roc) archetype among authors and artists, we see effective presence of Simorgh in classical Persian texts having different functions like mythical, epic, philosophical, mystical and so on roles. Among these functions, it has shapes of birds, human, gods, and angels and so on in early periods; and it has different forms, features, and functions due to presence of myth; while in contemporary world, Simorgh is no longer a strange and mysterious being, and it is a multi-patterned bird in literature and other forms of art. This shows that Simorgh has got to objectivity from abstraction in the historical transition to contemporary art and literature; and it has declined from its original fine status in contemporary poetry instead of improving or at least stopping in being applied in previous sublime uses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - The Review and Analysis of “Hiss” Novel Focusing on Post-modern Existential Components
غلامحسین ملّازاده

Increasing evolutions, constant change in attitudes and emergence of various literary theories in this constant renewing world has affected story literature too and caused story writers – sometimes unaware and sometimes with awareness coming from a new self-consciousnes More

Increasing evolutions, constant change in attitudes and emergence of various literary theories in this constant renewing world has affected story literature too and caused story writers – sometimes unaware and sometimes with awareness coming from a new self-consciousness - to make their stories compatible with the condition of new world, by missing out fixed principle. Since applying the narrative method of “Death of Author” in Hiss Novel by Muhammad Reza Kateb is unforgettable in comparison with other main features of Post-modern work, this made the work to have necessary and appropriate capacities for this type of special postmodern reading. Authors of this article, using library and descriptive-analytic method, attempt to show that Hiss author, along with other postmodern techniques, uses this technique particularly with brilliant varieties and differences, and by so doing he could have introduced a masterpiece into the literary community. Kateb uses Death of Author intentionally in various forms and in different parts of this novel; he also produced suitable spaces for readers to enter into the story text along with freedom of action for story characters so that republicity of voices are clearer in his work. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - Analysis of Seven Domes of Nezami Ganjavi based on the Elements of Visual Arts
زينب نوروزي فهیمه مختاری

The system of language and words has a capacity and strength that can make a bridge between poetry and visual arts; possibilities like forms of imagination, sensual words and the kind of their expression, discrimination and descriptions of miniatures, drawing of concret More

The system of language and words has a capacity and strength that can make a bridge between poetry and visual arts; possibilities like forms of imagination, sensual words and the kind of their expression, discrimination and descriptions of miniatures, drawing of concrete pictures, and attention to surface structure, form and narrative structure of poetry more than its deep structure. Nezami Among the Persian poets has applied these possibilities more; he also could approach visual arts via focusing on the visual elements and implantation of color, light, line and so on and could add the visual and visual element to his poetry; Therefore, we can find the association between poetry and visual arts in Nezami’s poesy art more obviously. This research, having a comparative view, attempts to readout and repeat different aspects of visual arts in Nezami’s Seven Domes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - The Place of Poetry in Plato’s and Aristotle’s Sense

One of the interesting and significant discussions in the history of literary criticism in Greek classical literature is Plato’s oppositions to poetry and Aristotle’s defense of it. Although their assumptions were based on common grounds and both considered art as a t More

One of the interesting and significant discussions in the history of literary criticism in Greek classical literature is Plato’s oppositions to poetry and Aristotle’s defense of it. Although their assumptions were based on common grounds and both considered art as a type of mimesis, but they were not of the same view on the value of poetry and the concept of mimesis. Their special philosophical thought system and genius which undoubtedly shaped and influenced philosophy and literary criticism through decades, has always been open to study and criticism. this article is an attempt to investigate the bases of their intellectual and ideational systems according to which they evaluate poetry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

59 - A Survey to the Study of Khayyam during the 14th Century
كاووس حسن‌لي Saeed Hessampour

A big variety of woks have been appeared about Omar Khayyam, the Iranian scientist and poet, which study his prominent works and particularly his Ruba’iyat (quartets). Yet, there are lots of basic gaps in the process of this study. In a general view, we can divide the w More

A big variety of woks have been appeared about Omar Khayyam, the Iranian scientist and poet, which study his prominent works and particularly his Ruba’iyat (quartets). Yet, there are lots of basic gaps in the process of this study. In a general view, we can divide the writings on Khayyam, historically into two periods: writings before the year 1300 (Iranian Year), and writings after the year 1300. There are lots of controversies among the literature on Khayyam before this period. Development of the literature on Khayyam after 1300 was mostly influenced by Fitz Gerald’s translation of Ruba’iyat from Farsi into English because it not only attracted the world’s attention to Khayyam and Iran, but also caused Iranian researchers to do their researches carefully and with more speculation. However, the controversies among the ancient literature, as well as diverse views among the researchers resulted in different approaches to the point in the field of modern studies of Khayyam. The authors of the present article, in the course of a research project which lasted nearly three years, studied all the original Iranian works appeared between 1300 and 1380 about Khayyam, as well as ones translated into Farsi from other languages. What here is presented is a general survey to the study of Khayyam during the current century. The article provides Time and Content tables and figures. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

60 - Artistic Quotation in Hafez' Poetry
عليرضا فولادي

Despite all the efforts made by the eloquent figures in the recognition of literary techniques, some of them are still unknown. This article introduces one of such technique known as "the artistic quotation" and elaborates the details in Hafez' poetry. What is an artis More

Despite all the efforts made by the eloquent figures in the recognition of literary techniques, some of them are still unknown. This article introduces one of such technique known as "the artistic quotation" and elaborates the details in Hafez' poetry. What is an artistic quotation, how does its artistic aspect occur and what are its types? This article intends to respond to the mentioned questions.Our method is the descriptive method through the structuralism approach.The overall studies lead us to conclude that Hafez' artistic quotations have generally passed a balanced path both in narration and the poetic process; which is due to his tendency for moderation. And in these two-sided aspects considering the present situation, they have been united with several elements such as; the narrator, atmosphere, time and place setting, description, character, dialogue, incident, suspense, and the ornaments of the figures of speech like; metonymy, simile, style of finding the proper equivalent, metaphore, personification, paradox, irony, pun, phonemes, harmony of adjectives, equivocation, identification, convenance, contrast and many other figures of speech to be mentioned. Also examples of this technique cover a variety of divisions in his great poetry book depending on the basis of the definition in the details. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

61 - Analysis and Comparison of Prophet Mohammad's Praise and Ascension in Attar's Four Massnavi Books (Elahi-Nameh, Assrar-Nameh, Manteq Al Tair & Mosibat-Nameh)
Ahmad

The Prophet Mohammad's praise and ascension are among the topics of concern to most poets and writers; in a manner that in our literary tradition these two issues are counted as the major themes of classic works. Attar Neishabouri, who followed this tradition, has discu More

The Prophet Mohammad's praise and ascension are among the topics of concern to most poets and writers; in a manner that in our literary tradition these two issues are counted as the major themes of classic works. Attar Neishabouri, who followed this tradition, has discussed these two topics in detail at the beginning of his four versified works; “Elahi-Nameh”, “Asrar-Nameh”, “Manteq-Al Tair” and “Mosibat-Nameh”. This research has studied the mentioned themes in the four works. The result of the research revealed that the praise and spiritual ascension found two different structures in these works. While in Elahi-Nameh and Manteq-Al Tair these two parts are intermingled, they are quite separate in Asrar-Nameh and Mosibat-Nameh. Still the praise of the Prophet have one structure in all the four works; yet the story of the Prophet's ascent is more reliable in Mosibat-Nameh. These two parts do not possess much poetical parts and one can only regard the story of the Ascent as the most poetical part in Elahi-Nameh. Ambiguity was Aattar's most favorite literary figure. Within the linguistic domain and its related features, the repetition of words and the repetition of a linguistic phrase at the beginning, are the most significant linguistic features in these two parts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

62 - ANEMONE POEM (Considering Subjects, Meaning and Forms of War Poems)
mostafa gorji

Dialogue is a worthy and valuable matter that in culture and civilization has a special presentation and utilization. So the aquintance with its basis in present time is necessary. Dialogue is a kind of verbal communication if it will be mutual, in other word, dialogue More

Dialogue is a worthy and valuable matter that in culture and civilization has a special presentation and utilization. So the aquintance with its basis in present time is necessary. Dialogue is a kind of verbal communication if it will be mutual, in other word, dialogue is converting unknown and ambiguous information to known and clear information and emergence of potentiality to realization. This communication and mutual relationship will happen correctly if it has six communicable factors. This article tried to arsewer this question that whether the communication happenes in the art and beauty stage or on the polelical and scientific scene. With reference to a story from Mathnavi and criticize the philosophers point of views such as Plato, I consider the history of dialogue and hint to the factors of dialogue among cultures and civilizations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

63 - An Archeological Account of Kiumarth as Narrated in Shahnameh
حسن شاهی‌پور عبدالله واثق عباسی

Mythologists have adopted various approaches to the study of myth. But, archaeological approach to myth is unprecedented. There were some attempts like that of euhemerists to degrade the mythical gods, suggesting that they are real personages (humans) by desanctifying t More

Mythologists have adopted various approaches to the study of myth. But, archaeological approach to myth is unprecedented. There were some attempts like that of euhemerists to degrade the mythical gods, suggesting that they are real personages (humans) by desanctifying them. Though, none of these attempts were based upon archeology which can be considered a new science, and also is deeply different from what has been done in this research. This paper aims at analyzing the mythical character of Kiumarth according to archeology. The surprising result of this research is as follows: Kiumarth era matches Mesolithic period and Kiumarth man matches Neanderthal man and his culture matches Mousterian culture, and the climate at his era matches the last glacial climate. Methods used in this research are derived from archeology (stratigraphy and typology). This study can be a starting point for exploring myths from an archeological perspective. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

64 - From the Body Part Word “Face” to Conjunction
Sedigheh Poormaleki Mojtaba Monshizadeh Arsalan Golfam Ferdows Aghagolzadeh

Grammaticalization is a process through which a lexical item changes into a grammatical morpheme. Semantic changes of a free morpheme along with the categorical and phonological changes result in structural function in the syntax of a language, and the former lexical it More

Grammaticalization is a process through which a lexical item changes into a grammatical morpheme. Semantic changes of a free morpheme along with the categorical and phonological changes result in structural function in the syntax of a language, and the former lexical items are used to express abstract grammatical concepts such as tense, aspect, and mood. In all languages, body part words as a part of lexical sources are very frequent, and have a vast semantic network. The role of these free lexical items in the process of grammaticalization has been documented by various researchers, and it has been shown that some of the body part words have been changed into adposition by moving through the continuum of grammaticalization and after a change in their core meaning. This research tries to investigate the body part word "face" and the pattern of changes in this free lexical item in Persian language system within the framework of the grammaticalization process. To do so, the different simple, derived and derived compound forms of "face" in Anvari Allegory Dictionary(1383) and FarsNet have been studied to answer the following questions: 1)what is the continuum of the changes in body part word "face" in the process of grammaticalization, and 2) what are the semantic, morphosyntactic, and categorical outcomes of grammaticalization of this word? The results show that this word has undergone the grammaticalization process like other body part words and even progressed more. This word not only refers to "face" (core meaning), it has also undergone semantic generalization and hierarchical pejoration, and participated in new structures and functions. The ending point of changes of this face is its function as compound subordinate conjunction in conditional forms and contrastive expressions. This word has gone so beyond its core meaning as subordinate conjunction that no sign of the former core meaning as body part word "face" is available. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

65 - Representation of Religious Characteristics of the Islamic Revolution Discourse in Top War Novels
hashem sadeghi manouchehr akbari

This study has aimed to examine the religious characteristics represented in Persian war novels from the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysi. To do so, the religious identity of warriors in their conduct with prisoners of war, discursive presuppositions about such More

This study has aimed to examine the religious characteristics represented in Persian war novels from the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysi. To do so, the religious identity of warriors in their conduct with prisoners of war, discursive presuppositions about such issues as sacrifice and martyrdom, and the attitude of warriors towards such issues as represented in Persian prominent war novels have been analyzed. The results of the study revealed that the interdiscursivity of Persian war novels is composed of religious teachings and defense strategies. Furthermore, it was found that the Islamic Revolution discourse has articulated a religious semantic system based on Islamic ideological signifiers such as Jihad, sacrifice, martyrdom etc., and that it has consolidated the meaning of discursive signifiers by modeling the ‘eventof Ashoura’ , reference to the Quran, and utilising positive comments about martyrdom and consecration of that, thus facilitating the hegemonization of this discourse. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

66 - Analysis of Asynartete capacities and ways of its creation in Persian poetry
یحیی عطائی

The "Asynartete" is literary device to read a poem in several meter. The author of this article tracks this issue in rhetorics and shows that it has been used frequently in Persian poetry since early Persian poetry up to now. Converting a hemistich’s meter is done in ei More

The "Asynartete" is literary device to read a poem in several meter. The author of this article tracks this issue in rhetorics and shows that it has been used frequently in Persian poetry since early Persian poetry up to now. Converting a hemistich’s meter is done in eight ways: Short and long vowel saturation and desaturation, retention and elimination of Hamzeh, intensification and reduction of consonant, making vowel and no vowel of consonant. In persian poems 26 meters create asynartete in 22 states. The most commonly used is converting the meter of “Fa’elaton Fa’elaton Fa’elon” to “Mofta’elon Mofta’elon Fa’elon” and vice versa. The most commonly used methods of conversion are the four methods of "vowel saturation/ desaturation" and "retention/ elimination of Hamzeh". Another finding of this essay, is that although asynartete is not named in Persian books on rhetorics, it has been used in Persian poetry since Rashid-al-din. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

67 - Investigating the Role of Conceptual Metaphors in the Evolution of literary styles (Relying on Body Metaphors in Farrokhi Sistani, Anvari, and Hafiz's poems)
Mohammad Taheri Masoumeh Archandani

The conceptual metaphor is the mind’s technique for conceptualizing affairs. The mind tries to conceive and contemplate some intangible affairs for itself with the help of this fundamental construct. Hence, it is expected that by changing it, we will also see a change i More

The conceptual metaphor is the mind’s technique for conceptualizing affairs. The mind tries to conceive and contemplate some intangible affairs for itself with the help of this fundamental construct. Hence, it is expected that by changing it, we will also see a change in thought-related macro-systems. Among these macrosystems are literary styles that have many factors involved in changing them. This article tries to answer the question of how the change of conceptual metaphors in time has an effect on the change of literary styles through analytical-descriptive method. To answer it, we trace the conceptual metaphors related to the body, which include the words "hand, eye, heart and head", in a selection of poems by Farrokhi Sistani, Anvari and Hafez. By analyzing the obtained information, we conclude that conceptual metaphors have undergone significant changes over time that are in line with the evolution of literary styles and are variables affecting the evolution of styles. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

68 - Particular Absolutes in Rorty's Thought
Mohammadreza Tajik

Western epistemology, particularly representationalist epistemology, is the basic conviction behind Rorty's critical attacks. Rorty's pragmatic approach aims to find explanations for political and ethical viwes of contemporary West. Such an approach is deeply rooted in More

Western epistemology, particularly representationalist epistemology, is the basic conviction behind Rorty's critical attacks. Rorty's pragmatic approach aims to find explanations for political and ethical viwes of contemporary West. Such an approach is deeply rooted in teachings of linguistics, and descriptive approaches toward the formation of human’s understanding of entities. But in an atmosphere of theories, can Rorty be able to avoid meta-theoretical damages on the one hand, and normative views in the field of science, on the other hand? Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

69 - Political Business Cycle: Political Arguments for Economic Instabilities

Reviewing economic literature indicates that economists were emphasizing on economic factors as causes of economic instabilities until 1970s. But since then, political economists emerged who attributed economic instability to factors other than economic ones. Offering t More

Reviewing economic literature indicates that economists were emphasizing on economic factors as causes of economic instabilities until 1970s. But since then, political economists emerged who attributed economic instability to factors other than economic ones. Offering theories such as political business cycle, they tried to prove that political factors lead to economic instabilities. They offered opportunistic political business cycles and partisan political business cycles that respectively, attributed the economic instabilities to election, and to replacement of political parties. To elaborate this literature, the present article first focuses on these two kinds of political business cycles and tries to explain through which mechanisms political factors cause instabilities in economic sphere. It considers political business cycles as a sign of "bringing the politics back in economics" an idea which is an obsolete thought, dating back to the past two centuries. Finally, the article indicates that "bringing the politics back in economics" can question those economists who insist in separation of economics from politics, and emphasizes interdisciplinary studies developed in the recent decades. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

70 - Globalization and the Challenge of Political Participation in Islamic Republic of Iran1
hassan abniki

Challenge is considered as a key concept in social-political science. All states face it somehow. They have to examine different strategies to prevent it from turning into crisis because not knowing a challenge can put a state in institutional and non-institutional trou More

Challenge is considered as a key concept in social-political science. All states face it somehow. They have to examine different strategies to prevent it from turning into crisis because not knowing a challenge can put a state in institutional and non-institutional troubles, resulting in its deficiency and crisis in its legitimacy. Using institutionalism approach, the present article studies challenging effects of globalization on efficiency of Islamic Republic of Iran regarding political participation challenge. It shows how globalization can cause the challenge of political participation in Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

71 - Categorizing the Political Culture; Case Study of the Students of Kurdistan University
هادی خانیکی Hamid Sarshar

This paper focused on political culture and effective factors on political culture. It categorizes three pure types of political culture, according to Almond and Verba's theory, which are “Parochial”, “Subject” and “Participant”. These types are identified according to More

This paper focused on political culture and effective factors on political culture. It categorizes three pure types of political culture, according to Almond and Verba's theory, which are “Parochial”, “Subject” and “Participant”. These types are identified according to the “cognitional”, “emotional” and “evaluative” attitudes towards four conceptions: “system as a hole”, “outputs”, “inputs” and “self as a political actor”. The independent and grounding variants of this research include: gender, ethnicity, religion, academic discipline, academic level, political socialization and mass media. This research is done in survey method, according to a sample of 365 students of Kurdistan University. The results showed that the students have different types of political culture; and the dominant model among them is “non-participative protestor”; a model that was not defied in Almond and Verba's theory. The results also indicated that among the effective variants on political culture, the ethnicity, religion, academic level and mass media have meaningful impact on political culture of the students. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

72 - The Comparative Review of Reformist and Fundamentalist Currents toward Political Participation of Women in Islamic Republic of Iran (1997-2005)
Mohammad Abedi Ardakani پروین عظیمی

Since the victory of Islamic Republic of Iran up to now, there emerged two significant and effective intellectual and political currents. The first current which could be called from intellectual dimension as “Juristic Islamism Current” and from political dimension as “ More

Since the victory of Islamic Republic of Iran up to now, there emerged two significant and effective intellectual and political currents. The first current which could be called from intellectual dimension as “Juristic Islamism Current” and from political dimension as “Fundamentalism current”, got its climax political power in first and third decades of Islamic Revolution and it still keeps its power today. In contrast, the second current which could be called from intellectual dimension as “religious new thinkers” and from political aspect as the “Reformism current” reached its climax political power in the second decade of Revolution and from then on its is declining. The main purpose of this article is to comparatively review these two currents regarding the issue of women’s rights, particularly in relation to their political participation and its main hypothesis is as follows: “the different intellectual and religious principles of these two currents caused an inconsistency in their position toward the issue of women’s rights, particularly in relation to their political participations. To evaluate this hypothesis, using the descriptive-analytical method, it is tried to review intellectual and religious alphabets of these two currents and compare particularly these two in relation to political participation and family. The findings of this research shows that their attitudes toward the issue of women’s rights have significant differences in one hand, and in other hand, these differences are basically due to their different but inflexible interpretations of religion. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

73 - Political Utilitarianism andTheo-democracy
عبدالمجید مبلغی

The Paper investigates an epistemological question: is political utilitarianism adoptable with Theo-democracy? To find an answer for the question, itprovidesthe reader with abrief exploration of the history of political utilitarianism. Based on it, as the second step, i More

The Paper investigates an epistemological question: is political utilitarianism adoptable with Theo-democracy? To find an answer for the question, itprovidesthe reader with abrief exploration of the history of political utilitarianism. Based on it, as the second step, ittries to illustrate how political utilitarianism,especially according to John Stuart Mill’s approach,is adaptablewith the theory of Theo-democracy.The claim has been relied heavily over this judgment: Anutilitarian governmentcan be created evenwhen we accept a priority to amoral system.The paper tries to demonstratehow this epistemological judgment iscontrary to an understanding that there is no chance for adaptability between Islam and a set of moral codespresented via a taken political utility. Based on this approach, it tries to showpolitical utility is not necessarily and always an anti-religious theory. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

74 - From Class Paradox to Discursive Gap: Reviewing the Classic Marxist from Laclau and Mouffe Post-marxist View
سید صدرا حسینی

Any school of thought throughout its history undergoes many changes and fluctuations. The complexity of the recent modern capitalist societies made the new Marxists to revive the opponents’ position of capitalist system. Laclau and Mouffe are among post-Marxists who are More

Any school of thought throughout its history undergoes many changes and fluctuations. The complexity of the recent modern capitalist societies made the new Marxists to revive the opponents’ position of capitalist system. Laclau and Mouffe are among post-Marxists who are engaged in this attempt. Their criticism of the classical Marxism is due to its dogmatic features and its one-sided and biased analyses. By proposing the concepts of discourse, articulation, mobile identities, hegemony and discursive gaps and conflicts, Laclau and Mouffe try to compensate for the one-sidedness of Classical Marxism which summarizes in economic determinism, class identities, class struggles, and social class gap. These changes are made to increase the effectiveness of Marxism in their analysis of recent modern and complex capitalist societies. The aim of this article is to survey the process of change of Classical Marxist thoughts to Laclau and Mouffe’s post-Marxism. Firstly, there will be a discussion about decentralization of the society following the Post-Marxist perspective, which substitutes the economic determinism in the formation of social order, and secondly, the study points to the idea of antagonism which is a shared concept in both Marxism and Post-Marxism views. The Classical Marxism viewed politics as the class conflict which is lost in the ultimate Communism of class conflict that resulted in a classless society. However, Laclau and Mouffe’s post-marxism points to the endless political conflict and considers it as an everlasting element of the society, and it deems the radical democratic policy as an element that preserves such a conflict. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

75 - Discursive Analysis of Apartheid in Israel
محمدحسن شیخ الاسلامی صارم شیراوند ميلاد اديب سرشكي

Apartheid means separation and segregation and separate development of geographically diverse ethnic groups. In light of the passage of liberal and Marxist theories of discourse analysis, this article reviews the nature of apartheid policies in the occupied territories More

Apartheid means separation and segregation and separate development of geographically diverse ethnic groups. In light of the passage of liberal and Marxist theories of discourse analysis, this article reviews the nature of apartheid policies in the occupied territories since 1948. The article attempts to answer the question that what was the articulation and Israeli Apartheid discourse formation process? The research hypothesis is that Apartheid discourse in the time of articulation, exploited from identity making and equivalence by relying on Judaism to use as an instrument for achieving its political benefits. The dialogue seeks to create a new meaning system through the bond of various identities in a common project. Based on this , social order is comprised of different scattered elements. These different and sparse elements consist of the external elements and forces are immigrants who settled in Palestine. In fact, Zionism, integrated floating identities and deserted Jewish elements to create identity and meaning system in the Occupied Territories through power mechanisms for legitimizing and abrading. This article is in two parts, the first part is due to the emergence of ethnic groups and geographic expansion and In the second part Israeli society by addressing a public space and assess the gaps and crises, stagnation, discourse hegemony and the emergence of competing discourses of Post Zionism is checked. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

76 - Transition from Agency of Actors to Citizenship Preparation for Inadequacy of Philanthropist Principles of Capability Approach
A m saeed nariman

Although Amartya Sens capability approach initially emerged in academic area as a critique to normative and ethical economic foundations, especially welfare economics in 1980s, it has been employed extensively in the context of human development. One of the main concern More

Although Amartya Sens capability approach initially emerged in academic area as a critique to normative and ethical economic foundations, especially welfare economics in 1980s, it has been employed extensively in the context of human development. One of the main concerns of this approach was the marginalization of human being from the axis of development and well-being and its main critique to others was to consider human as a passive being. Some critics have suggested that, although this approach attempted to introduce a new concept of human beings in economic area, it could not go beyond the current economical human of economics and it just provided more humane conception of development than development for human beings. The majority of criticisms of anthropological basis of Sens approach include three critiques of misinterpretation of human notion, being pre-socio political and methodological individualism. In this paper it's attempted to response to these three critiques based on the definition of agency which Sen has expanded in his approach and then design a theoretical-philosophical agency for misinterpretation anthropological foundation of capability approach by transition from agency (of actors) to citizenship. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

77 - Anxiety and Political Action (Case Study: The Boy Students of Law and Political Science Faculty, University of Tehran)
Aliapshraf Nazari Hanif Amoozadeh Mahdiraji

The impact of human emotions not only effect on their daily life, but also influence on political behavior. Hence, high ranked of mass people or politicians make decisions based on their emotions. It is not reasonable to believe that people`s reaction based on their log More

The impact of human emotions not only effect on their daily life, but also influence on political behavior. Hence, high ranked of mass people or politicians make decisions based on their emotions. It is not reasonable to believe that people`s reaction based on their logical thinking. Some psychological factors such as anxiety (As an effective factor inside humans) could make people`s behaviors in their lifecycle. therefore, human`s political believes will also be affected by these motivators. In paper, this issue has recognized that anxiety has a dual effect on different levels of political behaviors. In one aspect, increase in anxiety will make direct effect on political behavior, and on the other hand, if anxiety breaks its red line, it will have decreasing effect on political behavior of society by motivating defensive mechanisms, and as a result society isolation and surveillance will appear. By using proper tools, defensive mechanisms could be controlled and political behavior of the society will turn back to its equilibrium point. Finally a dynamic system model has been described for this purpose. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

78 - The Examination of Political Participation among Iranian Society’ Middle Class
hassan abniki

Studies show that there is a significant relationship between political participation of individuals and their social class. In other words, a similar behavior pattern can be seen regarding political participation among individuals belonging to a special social class th More

Studies show that there is a significant relationship between political participation of individuals and their social class. In other words, a similar behavior pattern can be seen regarding political participation among individuals belonging to a special social class that can be extended to all of this class. Here in urban middle class, knowing political behavior and the kind of its political participation based on this class’ significance in urban democratic class is very important, because of the importance of this class in modern democratic systems. Iranian urban middle class has played an important role in important historical intervals and in political and social events especially after constitution revolution. In this essay, it is cleared through the political participation of middle class that high political consciousness among the middle class along with high education and their high job position has been led to reducing political participation and shaping political discontent among the members of the middle class. The findings of this research show that the main problem of middle class is the political problem. In fact, Iranian new middle class feels the most inability and incapacity in the politics due to its fairly appropriate economic status. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

79 - "The Self" and "The Other" in Mehdi Bazargan
hamze alemi Saiedalireza Hosseinibeheshti

The desirable relationship between "the self" and "the other" as the encounter of intersubjectivity, is a critical approach to modernity and defends humanity against the domination of Instrumental wisdom. The thinkers of existential philosophy present this, and Martin B More

The desirable relationship between "the self" and "the other" as the encounter of intersubjectivity, is a critical approach to modernity and defends humanity against the domination of Instrumental wisdom. The thinkers of existential philosophy present this, and Martin Buber provides a clear theoretical formulation. It is important that we examine this issue in the Religious Intellectualism, which has a critical point of view to modernism. Mehdi Bazargan, as one of the forerunners of the Religious Intellectualism, addresses the issue of religion and modernity based on his religious anthropology and create an “Iranian Subject” with a “Spiritual approach” that, thus, establishing a fundamental link between religious man and modern concepts. This connection is evident in the form of confrontation of "the self" and "the other" in his thinking. Bazargan places the divine-social man in the center of his thinking, and thus providing the conditions for the "the self" and "the other" favorable attitudes and simultaneously linking religion and modernity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

80 - Civil Relation and Empowerment: Comparative Study of Hannah Arendt and Amartya Sen
attaallah karimzadeh A m

Hannah Ardent as a political philosopher, offering the concept of “civic virtue” and criticizing Liberal democracy, tried to constitute a way of good life in her time. In her version of civic virtue, human as a citizen should be able to secure his/her liberty and equali More

Hannah Ardent as a political philosopher, offering the concept of “civic virtue” and criticizing Liberal democracy, tried to constitute a way of good life in her time. In her version of civic virtue, human as a citizen should be able to secure his/her liberty and equality, in a context of dialogue and interaction. On the other hand, Amartya Sen in his human development approach, tried to moralize economy in context of Political thought by taking a critical view toward the concept of modernization and economic development. Sen, with the concept of Empowerment, introduced development as freedom, and considered Empowerment as a road to freedom. This notion takes place in an equal and moral context in which each entity of humankind, besides being an agent and capable toward others, has the possibility of dialogue and discussion in democratic situation. In this article, we propose that how the concept of civic virtue in Hannah Ardent has related to human development approach in Amartya Sen, considering human agency in the context. Based on the mentioned question, we assume that the human development approach is in line with civic virtue; which in both the essential priority is human agency. We show that from a civic viewpoint, Empowerment in the context of understanding and interaction has common conceptual and practical grounds with civic virtue as citizenship responsibility in context of dialogue and interaction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

81 - The Relationship between Individual Liberty and Social Welfare in the Thoughts of John Stuart Mill and Amartya Sen
seyed alireza Hoseyni Beheshti somaye Maleki Dizboni

One of the fundamental issues in contemporary political and economic thought concerns the relationship and consistency between one’s social duties and personal liberties, and different schools have suggested their views on the matter. From a normative point of view, ar More

One of the fundamental issues in contemporary political and economic thought concerns the relationship and consistency between one’s social duties and personal liberties, and different schools have suggested their views on the matter. From a normative point of view, arguments offered by modern reformist liberalism have attracted more attention in this respect. The positions of John Stuart Mill, as one of the pioneers and influential, and Amartya Kumar Sen as one of the most recent liberal reformists with respect to the idea of welfare, have been at the center of attention for several decades. Here we discuss and analyze the relationship of the concepts of individual liberty and social welfare as argued by them by employing a comparative approach, in order to provide a more elaborate picture of such a relationship. It is shown here that albeit using different methods and approaches, they share similar theoretical starting points and goals on the matter. For Mill, the liberty of the individual and society is viewed as a vital means for achieving happiness. While Mill employs a utilitarian approach to human happiness, offering a critique on utilitarianism and focusing rather on the capability approach, Sen holds that individual and social happiness would best be achieved through providing equal opportunities for free choice for the members of the society. A closer look at the arguments offered by Mill and Sen indicates that, based on the concept of the free and informed modern subject, they both believe that social and political development will improve an individual and social happiness will be better achieved by focusing on individual liberties. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

82 - the analysing of institutionalization obstacles of political parties in quasi-democratic systems
majid piruz seyed alireza Hoseyni Beheshti مسعود غفاری Farshad Momeni

The purpose of this article is to analyse institutionalization obstacles of political parties in quasi-democratic systems. These systems have a combination of democratic appearance and authoritarianism contents, and lack institutionalized competition between political More

The purpose of this article is to analyse institutionalization obstacles of political parties in quasi-democratic systems. These systems have a combination of democratic appearance and authoritarianism contents, and lack institutionalized competition between political parties. What is most evident in such systems is the formation of groups centering on prominent individuals and, in effect, changing to mere means to expand their influence. In this study, such parties are recognized as‘entrepreneur parties.’ The hypothesis is the short-comingsconcerned withpolitical culture, laws, regulations, and criteria of judgement, and the performance of political competition, leading to the formation of theentrepreneur party, an organization that does not benefit from the institutional tradition and continue to exist only under prominent figures. In this study, the descriptive-analytical method is based on library data.The aim of this paper is to introducethe comprehensive set of institutional arrangements in quasi-democratic systems that affect the nature of political parties’ organizations and to provide a better understanding of the party-centered relations in quasi-democratic systems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

83 - Waqf and the Function of Political Participation in Contemporary Iran: A Study From the New Institutionalism Point of View
Ali Karim Hadisi Mojtaba Maghsoodi Akbar Ashrafi Babak Naderpour

Waqf [a system of land-based charitable endowment], as rooted in historical and religious traditions in Iran and the Islamic world, has always been a topic of interest for believers, philanthropists, statesmen, and of course those who have benefited from it in different More

Waqf [a system of land-based charitable endowment], as rooted in historical and religious traditions in Iran and the Islamic world, has always been a topic of interest for believers, philanthropists, statesmen, and of course those who have benefited from it in different social groups and classes. For a long time, the mechanisms of waqf as a non-governmental and traditional institution have been very influential on various social, political, economic, and cultural structures. Today, with the introduction of the idea of small government and big civil society, these institutions have the potential for attracting renewed attention to revise their internal and external mechanisms and to revitalize their functionality. The main question of this study is as follow: from the standpoint of New Institutionalism, how does waqf as a Sharia-based, society-centered, andnon-governmental institution affect political participation? Our hypothesis is that the practice of waqf facilitates higher degrees of political participation sinceas a non-governmental institution, it takes up some of the responsibilities of the state for social justice, and with a philanthropy that is based in piety and humanism, it contributes to the distribution of wealth and resources. Indeed we can account for different aspects of this mechanism by re-reading the concept of waqf andits historical background from the perspective of New Institutionalism. This research tries to help represent this neglected field by using a qualitative-conceptual method. Findings of this study portrayWaqf in three ways; "Social participation" through focusing on health care, "economic participation" through donations and welfare services, and "political participation" through cultural-educational functions, especially for the needy and disadvantaged groups Governance helps and has the talent to serve as a model of efficient and community-based governance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

84 - Citizenship as the Normative Implication of Phronetic Development
عباس منوچهری saeed nariman

The relationship between political philosophy and development, as the creation of conditions that would lead to "life betterment", was marginalized in the beginnings of the development of modern political thought. Due to the influence of ideas such as utilitarianism and More

The relationship between political philosophy and development, as the creation of conditions that would lead to "life betterment", was marginalized in the beginnings of the development of modern political thought. Due to the influence of ideas such as utilitarianism and the market economy, the twentieth century witnessed the re-emergence of the concept of development as growth. The mentioned concept claimed what civic/political knowledge sought from the beginning, namely "Good living". This paper is an attempt to rebalance this situation by developing a theory of phronetic development based on the Aristotelian concept of phronesis. Using an implicative approach, the paper argues for using the concept of citizenship as the normative implication of phronetic development. In order to do so, the paper deconstructs economic growth theory, exposes its reductionist conception of development, and reestablishes the link between moral philosophy, economy, politics, and development. In this conception, democracy as public reasoning, participation as empowering citizens' phronesis, and freedom are the main constitutive elements of phronetic development. Therefore, appropriate policies and measures should be put in place to promote citizenship that induces phronetic development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

85 - Legalization of Public and Private Sphere Theory, with Emphasis on Hannah Arendt’s View
Samaneh Rahmatifar

The comparative study on political theory of the public and private sphere with law provides a basis for restriction of law and state and redraws public-private law boundary. Research method is descriptive-analytical. That is, firstly, the private and public sphere, acc More

The comparative study on political theory of the public and private sphere with law provides a basis for restriction of law and state and redraws public-private law boundary. Research method is descriptive-analytical. That is, firstly, the private and public sphere, according to Hannah Arendt's theories, are described by identifying its elements. And, secondly, the elements in two spheres are analyzed in accordance with law framework and its branches generally. And, finally, the level of recognition of private and public sphere in legal system of Iran is measured. The private sphere is an area of human life that is intertwined with elements such as intangible ownership and presidency of the family, and the tendency to conceal and naturally de-legalization. Civil society is a part of private sphere; it is an area of human self-control activity into non-governmental groups. The public sphere is an area of policy-making by citizens through free conversation and action. In the legal system of Iran, the private sphere is supported overall; independence of civil society is not guaranteed, despite implicit recognition. Government makes policy, then citizens work within its framework after getting governmental permission. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

86 - Arendt’s Political Thought and the Possibility of Change in International Relations
Homeira Moshirzadeh Arya Moknat

According to mainstream IR theories and, in particular, realism, violence is and will remain to be an essential and inseparable part of international relations. All variations of realism view human nature and/or intentional system as inherently violent. Hannah Arendt’s More

According to mainstream IR theories and, in particular, realism, violence is and will remain to be an essential and inseparable part of international relations. All variations of realism view human nature and/or intentional system as inherently violent. Hannah Arendt’s theory of political power as a non-violent and collective human action challenges this fundamental assumption and offers a new perspective on what constitutes the essence of politics. Arendt’s idea of “human condition” rejects all forms of essentialism with regard to human beings and opens up a theoretical space for a new understanding of international relations where human beings become the primary political agents (despite the fact that she sees the existing international relations more from a realist point of view). Contrary to mainstream IR theories in general, and to realism in particular, for Arendt the individuals, rather than the states, are ultimately the main players in international relations. In this paper, we bind different aspects of Arendt’s political thought together to offer a new theoretical perspective for a possible change in world politics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

87 - Comparising the components of democracy with the criteria of good governance in the light of international law
Akbar Savari Samaneh Rahmatifar Shahram zarneshan

The purpose of this study is to explain the components of good governance as indicators of democracy in order to end the divergence of views in understanding democracy from the perspective of the Practical procedure of international law. Good governance is one of the pr More

The purpose of this study is to explain the components of good governance as indicators of democracy in order to end the divergence of views in understanding democracy from the perspective of the Practical procedure of international law. Good governance is one of the prescriptions of international institutions for national systems and democracy is one of the long-standing social aspirations of nations. The research method is descriptive-analytical with a genealogical approach; In this way, after describing democracy and good governance, in terms of their history in international law, the components of good governance as the principles of democracy are measured through the comparative method. The result shows that the components of good governance have the potential to become indicators of the principles of democracy and, by objectifying democracy, make it possible to measure the degree of democratic legitimacy of states in terms of international law; Thus, in international law, a legitimate state is a democratic state, and democracy means the domination of good governance over all relations between citizens and the state. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

88 - The legal status of possessions in the parliament
Javad Vahidizadeh seyyedeh maryam asadinejad

Although sale contract is a binding and uncancellable contract, if the seller and buyer sign the sale contract in a meeting place, as long as they are in the meeting place they can cancel the contract without explanation of their reason. In fact, it is the application o More

Although sale contract is a binding and uncancellable contract, if the seller and buyer sign the sale contract in a meeting place, as long as they are in the meeting place they can cancel the contract without explanation of their reason. In fact, it is the application of the meeting place contract that creates such a right for the parties. Nevertheless, the buyer and seller can exclude the “meeting place option” through including a condition in the contract or by leaving the meeting place or separation of the parties or the seizure of the sold item/price. As there is a difference of opinions among the jurists as regards the mode of dissolution that is the goal of “meeting place option”, the jurists are also divided on the the seizure of the sold item/price of the option because the separation of parties and the seizure of the sold item/price are two sides of the same coin. Some jurists believe that the seizure of the sold item/price may result in the cancellation of option but some others would even imply the implementation of the option of meeting place and the bindingness of the contract. In the present essay, after the analysis of the concept of “metting place option”, we discuss the conditions of the realization of metting place option as well as those occasions that lead to the cancellation of the meeting place option and the finalization of the sale contract. Moreover, our study of the public notion of the seizure of the sold item/price renders it clear that option belongs to the contract not to the exchanged items. Also the material seizures that takes place being informed of the existence of the option leads to the cancellation of the meeting place option but such modes of seizure like selling or leasing the sold item by the seller might be understood as an act of actual cancellation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

89 - The comparative study of Arabian-Islamic Urban pattern with Iranian-Islamic Urban pattern (case study: Khartoum and shiraz)
علی احمدیان کیسمی

Islamic big cities like: khartom, Cairo, mashad, shiraz and… can be a pattern for other Islamic cities in the world. This cities have had different history. Since 19th century, this cities have experienced less traditional characters. Because in Africa and other reg More

Islamic big cities like: khartom, Cairo, mashad, shiraz and… can be a pattern for other Islamic cities in the world. This cities have had different history. Since 19th century, this cities have experienced less traditional characters. Because in Africa and other region, this cities have had changes in urban culture and this trend change local Arabic urban indexex. But Iranian cities have not experienced this history. morphologic urban indexes include: rest sense, place Identity, Perception of Beauty, Ideal view and fast access and so on.This paper study morphologic factors (subjective and objective) of Arabian -Islamic Urban pattern (Khartoum) with Iranian - Islamic Urban pathern (shiraz). We use from documentary and structural content analysis methods for comparative of Arabian-Islamic Urban pattern with Iranian-Islamic Urban pattern. results show that there is no significance different between morphologic indexes for Arabian - Islamic Urban pattern and Iranian - Islamic Urban pattern. On the other hands, there is Similarity subjective (rest sense and place Identity and Perception of Beauty) and objective (Ideal view, fast access) indexes. so, even though there is different in history, we see Similarity in morphologic urban indexes specially rest sense, place Identity, Perception of Beauty, Ideal view and fast access, for this cities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

90 - Analysis of conceptual elements of art in the poems of poets of the sixth century AH
Morteza Heidari

In this research the author has elicited the marked semantic features / components of art concept in the poetry of 6th century with using the principles of conceptual semantics. With a critical and editorial look at the structures identified for conceptual semantics, h More

In this research the author has elicited the marked semantic features / components of art concept in the poetry of 6th century with using the principles of conceptual semantics. With a critical and editorial look at the structures identified for conceptual semantics, he has reviewed these structures and their application in the field of linguistic and literary research. After classification of semantic features in relevant fields with every feature, fifteen various semantic fields acquired for art concept in the poems of 6th century poets. These semantic fields in order of extenting their domains are: literary language, practical wisdom, eulogy, aesthetics, craft, morality and habitude, social criticism, war, anthropology, zoology, religion, cosmology, ecology, mysticism and love. In literary language field, the diverse ontological phenomenon have been the materials for the poetical imagery with figurative devices, i.e. simile and implicit metaphor. In the semantic realm of praise, the art of the praiseworthy feature, incapable, has been reported against him. The components obtained in the field of aesthetics show that the poetry of the sixth century was the basis of the discourse of aesthetics. The semantic field of industry has been obtained from various techniques and professions. Individual and social characteristics are grouped in the semantic domain of morality and temperament. Non gratification of poets in 6th century from their art has conceptualized the semantic field of social criticism. Also warfare and the quality of martial instrumen are also marked for the concept of art. Art has also been enumerated in the field of anthropology of human habits and, nevertheless, has been considered as a feature of various animals. Theism, religion and requisite for earmarking the religion also conceptualized for art. Finally, art has been reported as a feature of the universe and cosmic objects and has been conceptualized with singular semantic features of ecology, mysticism and love. The research findings show that art has a very comprehensive concept in the framework of the mentioned studies and is contrary to the conventional notions of today. The research findings prove that art in the studied framework has a most comprehensive and despite to usual assumptions concept. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

91 - A Study of Mystical Epistemology in the Poems and Prose of Abd-Al Rahman Jami
raheleh mirakhorli ghodratollah Khayatian Azim Hamzeian

In Islamic mysticism, there are scattered discussions of epistemological issues. The distinguishing feature of Islamic mysticism from other mystical branches is the high and stable position of knowledge in it. Jami (d. 898 AH) has also dealt with the issue of knowledge More

In Islamic mysticism, there are scattered discussions of epistemological issues. The distinguishing feature of Islamic mysticism from other mystical branches is the high and stable position of knowledge in it. Jami (d. 898 AH) has also dealt with the issue of knowledge and related issues. The main question is what issues has he raised about this science and to what extent? This research has been done in a descriptive-analytical way in his works and the results show that knowledge is a gift from God and the basis and the results of his journey depend on knowing Hagh, so that the one who attains the true knowledge has reached the level of annihilation and survival of God. He has made important discussions about the degrees of knowledge and the place of the senses, intellect, heart,unveiling and finding. According to him, the level of human knowledge is to the extent that with the manifestation of truth, he can become aware of his proven condition. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

92 - A Basic Proof Method for the Verification, Validation and Evaluation of Expert Systems
Armin Ghasem Azar Zohreh Mohammad Alizadeh

10.7508/jist.2013.01.004

In the present paper, a basic proof method is provided for representing the verification, Validation and evaluation of expert systems. The result provides an overview of the basic method for formal proof such as: partition larger systems into small systems prove correct More

In the present paper, a basic proof method is provided for representing the verification, Validation and evaluation of expert systems. The result provides an overview of the basic method for formal proof such as: partition larger systems into small systems prove correctness on small systems by non-recursive means, prove that the correctness of all subsystems implies the correctness of the entire system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

93 - Multimodal Biometric Recognition Using Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Selected Features
Sara Motamed Ali Broumandnia Azam sadat Nourbakhsh

10.7508/jist.2013.02.002

Feature selection is one of the best optimization problems in human recognition, which reduces the number of features, removes noise and redundant data in images, and results in high rate of recognition. This step affects on the performance of a human recognition system More

Feature selection is one of the best optimization problems in human recognition, which reduces the number of features, removes noise and redundant data in images, and results in high rate of recognition. This step affects on the performance of a human recognition system. This paper presents a multimodal biometric verification system based on two features of palm and ear which has emerged as one of the most extensively studied research topics that spans multiple disciplines such as pattern recognition, signal processing and computer vision. Also, we present a novel Feature selection algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). PSO is a computational paradigm based on the idea of collaborative behavior inspired by the social behavior of bird flocking or fish schooling. In this method, we used from two Feature selection techniques: the Discrete Cosine Transforms (DCT) and the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The identification process can be divided into the following phases: capturing the image; pre-processing; extracting and normalizing the palm and ear images; feature extraction; matching and fusion; and finally, a decision based on PSO and GA classifiers. The system was tested on a database of 60 people (240 palm and 180 ear images). Experimental results show that the PSO-based feature selection algorithm was found to generate excellent recognition results with the minimal set of selected features. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

94 - A Learning Automata Approach to Cooperative Particle Swarm Optimizer
Mohammad Hasanzadeh meybodi meybodi mohamad mehdi ebadzade

10.7508/jist.2014.01.001

This paper presents a modification of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique based on cooperative behavior of swarms and learning ability of an automaton. The approach is called Cooperative Particle Swarm Optimization based on Learning Automata (CPSOLA). The CPSOLA More

This paper presents a modification of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique based on cooperative behavior of swarms and learning ability of an automaton. The approach is called Cooperative Particle Swarm Optimization based on Learning Automata (CPSOLA). The CPSOLA algorithm utilizes three layers of cooperation which are intra swarm, inter swarm and inter population. There are two active populations in CPSOLA. In the primary population, the particles are placed in all swarms and each swarm consists of multiple dimensions of search space. Also there is a secondary population in CPSOLA which is used the conventional PSO's evolution schema. In the upper layer of cooperation, the embedded Learning Automaton (LA) is responsible for deciding whether to cooperate between these two populations or not. Experiments are organized on five benchmark functions and results show notable performance and robustness of CPSOLA, cooperative behavior of swarms and successful adaptive control of populations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

95 - An Approach to Compose Viewpoints of Different Stakeholders in the Specification of Probabilistic Systems
Mahboubeh Samadi haghighi haghighi

10.7508/jist.2014.01.002

Developing large and complex systems often involves many stakeholders each of which has her own expectations from the system; hence, it is difficult to write a single formal specification of the system considering all of stakeholders’ requirements at once; instead, each More

Developing large and complex systems often involves many stakeholders each of which has her own expectations from the system; hence, it is difficult to write a single formal specification of the system considering all of stakeholders’ requirements at once; instead, each stakeholder can specify the system from her own viewpoint first. Then, the resulting specifications can be composed to prepare the final specification. Much work has been done so far for the specification of non-probabilistic systems regarding viewpoints (or expectations) of different stakeholders; however, because of big trend to apply formal methods on probabilistic systems, in this paper, we present an approach to compose viewpoints of different stakeholders in the specification of probabilistic systems. According to this approach, different viewpoints are separately specified using the Z notation. Then, the resulting specifications are composed using some new operators proposed in this paper. We show the applicability of the presented approach by performing it on a known case study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

96 - Language Model Adaptation Using Dirichlet Class Language Model Based on Part-of-Speech
Ali Hatami Ahmad akbari Babak Nasersharif

10.7508/jist.2014.01.005

Language modeling has many applications in a large variety of domains. Performance of this model depends on its adaptation to a particular style of data. Accordingly, adaptation methods endeavour to apply syntactic and semantic characteristics of the language for langua More

Language modeling has many applications in a large variety of domains. Performance of this model depends on its adaptation to a particular style of data. Accordingly, adaptation methods endeavour to apply syntactic and semantic characteristics of the language for language modeling. The previous adaptation methods such as family of Dirichlet class language model (DCLM) extract class of history words. These methods due to lake of syntactic information are not suitable for high morphology languages such as Farsi. In this paper, we present an idea for using syntactic information such as part-of-speech (POS) in DCLM for combining with one of the language models of n-gram family. In our work, word clustering is based on POS of previous words and history words in DCLM. The performance of language models are evaluated on BijanKhan corpus using a hidden Markov model based ASR system. The results show that use of POS information along with history words and class of history words improves performance of language model, and decreases the perplexity on our corpus. Exploiting POS information along with DCLM, the word error rate of the ASR system decreases by 1.2% compared to DCLM. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

97 - PSO-Algorithm-Assisted Multiuser Detection for Multiuser and Inter-symbol Interference Suppression in CDMA Communications
Atefeh Haji Jamali Arani paeez azmi

10.7508/jist.2014.01.006

Applying particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has become a widespread heuristic technique in many fields of engineering. In this paper, we apply PSO algorithm in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multipath fading channels. In the proposed method, PSO algor More

Applying particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has become a widespread heuristic technique in many fields of engineering. In this paper, we apply PSO algorithm in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multipath fading channels. In the proposed method, PSO algorithm was applied to solve joint multiuser and inter-symbol interference (ISI) suppression problems in the code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems over multipath Rayleigh fading channel and consequently, to reduce the computational complexity. At the first stage, to initialize the POS algorithm, conventional detector (CD) was employed. Then, time-varying acceleration coefficients (TVAC) were used in the PSO algorithm. The simulation results indicated that the performance of PSO-based multiuser detection (MUD) with TVAC is promising and it is outperforming the CD. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

98 - Analysis and Evaluation of Techniques for Myocardial Infarction Based on Genetic Algorithm and Weight by SVM
hojatallah hamidi Atefeh Daraei

10.7508/jist.2016.02.003

Although decreasing rate of death in developed countries because of Myocardial Infarction, it is turned to the leading cause of death in developing countries. Data mining approaches can be utilized to predict occurrence of Myocardial Infarction. Because of the side effe More

Although decreasing rate of death in developed countries because of Myocardial Infarction, it is turned to the leading cause of death in developing countries. Data mining approaches can be utilized to predict occurrence of Myocardial Infarction. Because of the side effects of using Angioplasty as main method for diagnosing Myocardial Infarction, presenting a method for diagnosing MI before occurrence seems really important. This study aim to investigate prediction models for Myocardial Infarction, by applying a feature selection model based on Wight by SVM and genetic algorithm. In our proposed method, for improving the performance of classification algorithm, a hybrid feature selection method is applied. At first stage of this method, the features are selected based on their weights, using weight by Support Vector Machine. At second stage, the selected features, are given to genetic algorithm for final selection. After selecting appropriate features, eight classification methods, include Sequential Minimal Optimization, REPTree, Multi-layer Perceptron, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors and Bayesian Network, are applied to predict occurrence of Myocardial Infarction. Finally, the best accuracy of applied classification algorithms, have achieved by Multi-layer Perceptron and Sequential Minimal Optimization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

99 - Improving Accuracy, Area and Speed of Approximate Floating-Point Multiplication Using Carry Prediction
Marziye Fathi Hooman Nikmehr

10.7508/jist.2017.18.006

The arithmetic units are the most essential in digital circuits’ construct, and the enhancement of their operation would optimize the whole digital system. Among them, multipliers are the most important operational units, used in a wide range of digital systems such as More

The arithmetic units are the most essential in digital circuits’ construct, and the enhancement of their operation would optimize the whole digital system. Among them, multipliers are the most important operational units, used in a wide range of digital systems such as telecommunication signal processing, embedded systems and mobile. The main drawback of a multiplication unit is its high computational load, which leads to considerable power consumption and silicon area. This also reduces the speed that negatively affects the digital host functionality. Estimating arithmetic is a new branch of computer arithmetic implemented by discarding or manipulating a portion of arithmetic circuits and/or intermediate computations. Applying estimated arithmetic in arithmetic units would improve the speed, power consumption and the implementation area by sacrificing a slight amount of result accuracy. An estimated truncated floating-point multiplier for single precision operands which is capable of compensating the errors to a desired level by applying the least significant columns of the partial product matrix is developed and analyzed in this article. These errors are caused by removing a number of carry digits in the partial product matrix that have a direct contribution in rounding the floating-point numbers. The evaluation results indicate that the proposed method improves speed, accuracy and silicon area in comparison to those of the common truncated multiplication methods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

100 - Promote Mobile Banking Services by using National Smart Card Capabilities and NFC Technology
Reza Vahedi Sayed Esmaeail Najafi Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi

10.7508/jist.2016.03.005

By the mobile banking system and install an application on the mobile phone can be done without visiting the bank and at any hour of the day, get some banking operations such as account balance, transfer funds and pay bills did limited. The second password bank account More

By the mobile banking system and install an application on the mobile phone can be done without visiting the bank and at any hour of the day, get some banking operations such as account balance, transfer funds and pay bills did limited. The second password bank account card, the only security facility predicted for use mobile banking systems and financial transactions. That this alone cannot create reasonable security and the reason for greater protection and prevent the theft and misuse of citizens’ bank accounts is provide banking services by the service limits. That by using NFC (Near Field Communication) technology can identity and biometric information and Key pair stored on the smart card chip be exchanged with mobile phone and mobile banking system. And possibility of identification and authentication and also a digital signature created documents. And thus to enhance the security and promote mobile banking services. This research, the application and tool library studies and the opinion of seminary experts of information technology and electronic banking and analysis method Dematel is examined. And aim to investigate possibility Promote mobile banking services by using national smart card capabilities and NFC technology to overcome obstacles and risks that are mentioned above. Obtained Results, confirmed the hypothesis of the research and show that by implementing the so-called solutions in the banking system of Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

101 - Concept Detection in Images Using SVD Features and Multi-Granularity Partitioning and Classification
Kamran Farajzadeh Esmail Zarezadeh Jafar Mansouri

10.7508/jist.2017.19.004

New visual and static features, namely, right singular feature vector, left singular feature vector and singular value feature vector are proposed for the semantic concept detection in images. These features are derived by applying singular value decomposition (SVD) " More

New visual and static features, namely, right singular feature vector, left singular feature vector and singular value feature vector are proposed for the semantic concept detection in images. These features are derived by applying singular value decomposition (SVD) "directly" to the "raw" images. In SVD features edge, color and texture information is integrated simultaneously and is sorted based on their importance for the concept detection. Feature extraction is performed in a multi-granularity partitioning manner. In contrast to the existing systems, classification is carried out for each grid partition of each granularity separately. This separates the effect of classifications on partitions with and without the target concept on each other. Since SVD features have high dimensionality, classification is carried out with K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) algorithm that utilizes a new and "stable" distance function, namely, multiplicative distance. Experimental results on PASCAL VOC and TRECVID datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed SVD features and multi-granularity partitioning and classification method Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

102 - Identification of a Nonlinear System by Determining of Fuzzy Rules
hojatallah hamidi Atefeh Daraei

10.7508/jist.2016.04.002

In this article the hybrid optimization algorithm of differential evolution and particle swarm is introduced for designing the fuzzy rule base of a fuzzy controller. For a specific number of rules, a hybrid algorithm for optimizing all open parameters was used to reach More

In this article the hybrid optimization algorithm of differential evolution and particle swarm is introduced for designing the fuzzy rule base of a fuzzy controller. For a specific number of rules, a hybrid algorithm for optimizing all open parameters was used to reach maximum accuracy in training. The considered hybrid computational approach includes: opposition-based differential evolution algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm. To train a fuzzy system hich is employed for identification of a nonlinear system, the results show that the proposed hybrid algorithm approach demonstrates a better identification accuracy compared to other educational approaches in identification of the nonlinear system model. The example used in this article is the Mackey-Glass Chaotic System on which the proposed method is finally applied. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

103 - Hybrid Task Scheduling Method for Cloud Computing by Genetic and PSO Algorithms
Amin Kamalinia Ali Ghaffari

10.7508/jist.2016.04.008

Cloud computing makes it possible for users to use different applications through the internet without having to install them. Cloud computing is considered to be a novel technology which is aimed at handling and providing online services. For enhancing efficiency in cl More

Cloud computing makes it possible for users to use different applications through the internet without having to install them. Cloud computing is considered to be a novel technology which is aimed at handling and providing online services. For enhancing efficiency in cloud computing, appropriate task scheduling techniques are needed. Due to the limitations and heterogeneity of resources, the issue of scheduling is highly complicated. Hence, it is believed that an appropriate scheduling method can have a significant impact on reducing makespans and enhancing resource efficiency. Inasmuch as task scheduling in cloud computing is regarded as an NP complete problem; traditional heuristic algorithms used in task scheduling do not have the required efficiency in this context. With regard to the shortcomings of the traditional heuristic algorithms used in job scheduling, recently, the majority of researchers have focused on hybrid meta-heuristic methods for task scheduling. With regard to this cutting edge research domain, we used HEFT (Heterogeneous Earliest Finish Time) algorithm to propose a hybrid meta-heuristic method in this paper where genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms were combined with each other. The results of simulation and statistical analysis of proposed scheme indicate that the proposed algorithm, when compared with three other heuristic and a memetic algorithms, has optimized the makespan required for executing tasks. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

104 - Lifetime Improvement Using Cluster Head Selection and Base Station Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks
maryam najimi Sajjad Nankhoshki

10.7508/jist.2018.02.006

The limited energy supply of wireless sensor networks poses a great challenge for the deployment of wireless sensor nodes. In this paper, a sensor network of nodes with wireless transceiver capabilities and limited energy is considered. Clustering is one of the most eff More

The limited energy supply of wireless sensor networks poses a great challenge for the deployment of wireless sensor nodes. In this paper, a sensor network of nodes with wireless transceiver capabilities and limited energy is considered. Clustering is one of the most efficient techniques to save more energy in these networks. Therefore, the proper selection of the cluster heads plays important role to save the energy of sensor nodes for data transmission in the network. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient data transmission by determining the proper cluster heads in wireless sensor networks. We also obtain the optimal location of the base station according to the cluster heads to prolong the network lifetime. An efficient method is considered based on particle swarm algorithm (PSO) which is a nature inspired swarm intelligence based algorithm, modelled after observing the choreography of a flock of birds, to solve a sensor network optimization problem. In the proposed energy- efficient algorithm, cluster heads distance from the base station and their residual energy of the sensors nodes are important parameters for cluster head selection and base station localization. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm improves the network lifetime and also more alive sensors are remained in the wireless network compared to the baseline algorithms in different situations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

105 - Body Field: Structured Mean Field with Human Body Skeleton Model and Shifted Gaussian Edge Potentials
Sara Ershadi-Nasab Shohreh Kasaei Esmaeil Sanaei Erfan Noury Hassan Hafez-kolahi

10.29252/jist.8.30.71

An efficient method for simultaneous human body part segmentation and pose estimation is introduced. A conditional random field with a fully-connected graphical model is used. Possible node (image pixel) labels comprise of the human body parts and the background. In the More

An efficient method for simultaneous human body part segmentation and pose estimation is introduced. A conditional random field with a fully-connected graphical model is used. Possible node (image pixel) labels comprise of the human body parts and the background. In the human body skeleton model, the spatial dependencies among body parts are encoded in the definition of pairwise energy functions according to the conditional random fields. Proper pairwise edge potentials between image pixels are defined according to the presence or absence of human body parts that are near to each other. Various Gaussian kernels in position, color, and histogram of oriented gradients spaces are used for defining the pairwise energy terms. Shifted Gaussian kernels are defined between each two body parts that are connected to each other according to the human body skeleton model. As shifted Gaussian kernels impose a high computational cost to the inference, an efficient inference process is proposed by a mean field approximation method that uses high dimensional shifted Gaussian filtering. The experimental results evaluated on the challenging KTH Football, Leeds Sports Pose, HumanEva, and Penn-Fudan datasets show that the proposed method increases the per-pixel accuracy measure for human body part segmentation and also improves the probability of correct parts metric of human body joint locations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

106 - Social Groups Detection in Crowd by Using Automatic Fuzzy Clustering with PSO
Ali Akbari Hassan Farsi Sajad Mohammadzadeh

10.7508/jist.2019.03.006

Detecting social groups is one of the most important and complex problems which has been concerned recently. This process and relation between members in the groups are necessary for human-like robots shortly. Moving in a group means to be a subsystem in the group. In o More

Detecting social groups is one of the most important and complex problems which has been concerned recently. This process and relation between members in the groups are necessary for human-like robots shortly. Moving in a group means to be a subsystem in the group. In other words, a group containing two or more persons can be considered to be in the same direction of movement with the same speed of movement. All datasets contain some information about trajectories and labels of the members. The aim is to detect social groups containing two or more persons or detecting the individual motion of a person. For detecting social groups in the proposed method, automatic fuzzy clustering with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used. The automatic fuzzy clustering with the PSO introduced in the proposed method does not need to know the number of groups. At first, the locations of all people in frequent frames are detected and the average of locations is given to automatic fuzzy clustering with the PSO. The proposed method provides reliable results in valid datasets. The proposed method is compared with a method that provides better results while needs training data for the training step, but the proposed method does not require training at all. This characteristic of the proposed method increases the ability of its implementation for robots. The indexing results show that the proposed method can automatically find social groups without accessing the number of groups and requiring training data at all. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

107 - A Two-Stage Multi-Objective Enhancement for Fused Magnetic Resonance Image and Computed Tomography Brain Images
Leena Chandrashekar A Sreedevi Asundi

10.29252/jist.8.30.93

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) are the imaging techniques for detection of Glioblastoma. However, a single imaging modality is never adequate to validate the presence of the tumor. Moreover, each of the imaging techniques represents a diff More

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) are the imaging techniques for detection of Glioblastoma. However, a single imaging modality is never adequate to validate the presence of the tumor. Moreover, each of the imaging techniques represents a different characteristic of the brain. Therefore, experts have to analyze each of the images independently. This requires more expertise by doctors and delays the detection and diagnosis time. Multimodal Image Fusion is a process of generating image of high visual quality, by fusing different images. However, it introduces blocking effect, noise and artifacts in the fused image. Most of the enhancement techniques deal with contrast enhancement, however enhancing the image quality in terms of edges, entropy, peak signal to noise ratio is also significant. Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) is a widely used enhancement technique. The major drawback of the technique is that it only enhances the pixel intensities and also requires selection of operational parameters like clip limit, block size and distribution function. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is an optimization technique used to choose the CLAHE parameters, based on a multi objective fitness function representing entropy and edge information of the image. The proposed technique provides improvement in visual quality of the Laplacian Pyramid fused MRI and CT images. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

108 - DeepSumm: A Novel Deep Learning-Based Multi-Lingual Multi-Documents Summarization System
Shima Mehrabi Seyed Abolghassem Mirroshandel Hamidreza Ahmadifar

10.7508/jist.2019.03.005

With the increasing amount of accessible textual information via the internet, it seems necessary to have a summarization system that can generate a summary of information for user demands. Since a long time ago, summarization has been considered by natural language pro More

With the increasing amount of accessible textual information via the internet, it seems necessary to have a summarization system that can generate a summary of information for user demands. Since a long time ago, summarization has been considered by natural language processing researchers. Today, with improvement in processing power and the development of computational tools, efforts to improve the performance of the summarization system is continued, especially with utilizing more powerful learning algorithms such as deep learning method. In this paper, a novel multi-lingual multi-document summarization system is proposed that works based on deep learning techniques, and it is amongst the first Persian summarization system by use of deep learning. The proposed system ranks the sentences based on some predefined features and by using a deep artificial neural network. A comprehensive study about the effect of different features was also done to achieve the best possible features combination. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated on the standard baseline datasets in Persian and English. The result of evaluations demonstrates the effectiveness and success of the proposed summarization system in both languages. It can be said that the proposed method has achieve the state of the art performance in Persian and English. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

109 - Localization of Blockchain and E-Currency Model for E-Government Services
Maryam Niknezhad Sajjad Shokouhyar Mehrzad Minouei

10.29252/jist.8.31.157

Blockchain can reduce bureaucracy and increase the efficiency and performance of administrative processes through a platform possessing features and attributes such as storing and exchanging electronic messages in a decentralized environment and executing high level of More

Blockchain can reduce bureaucracy and increase the efficiency and performance of administrative processes through a platform possessing features and attributes such as storing and exchanging electronic messages in a decentralized environment and executing high level of security transactions and transparency, if used in government public service delivery. Many scholars believe that this distributed technology can bring new utilizations to a variety of industries and fields, including finance and banking, economics, supply chain, and authentication and increase economic productivity and efficiency dramatically by transforming many industries in the context of today's economy. The present study, presents the characteristics of the localized blockchain and e-currency conceptual model for the evolution of e-government services. It also examines the impact of the blockchain and e-currency model on the economy and electronic financial transactions as a viable, practical and constructive solution (rather than blocking and filtering of e-currency and blockchain). Ultimately designing a localized block chain and e-currency model, has played an effective role in exploit its high potential to speed up the administrative processes and reduce costs related to electronic transactions and payments in e-government and increase e-government revenues and ultimately it can speed up the customer service delivery and increase their satisfaction with the government. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

110 - AI based Computational Trust Model for Intelligent Virtual Assistant
Babu Kumar Ajay Vikram Singh Parul Agarwal

10.29252/jist.8.32.263

The Intelligent virtual assistant (IVA) also called AI assistant or digital assistant is software developed as a product by organizations like Google, Apple, Microsoft and Amazon. Virtual assistant based on Artificial Intelligence which works and processes on natural la More

The Intelligent virtual assistant (IVA) also called AI assistant or digital assistant is software developed as a product by organizations like Google, Apple, Microsoft and Amazon. Virtual assistant based on Artificial Intelligence which works and processes on natural language commands given by humans. It helps the user to work more efficiently and also saves time. It is human friendly as it works on natural language commands given by humans. Voice-controlled Intelligent Virtual Assistants (IVAs) have seen gigantic development as of late on cell phones and as independent gadgets in individuals’ homes. The intelligent virtual assistant is very useful for illiterate and visually impaired people around the world. While research has analyzed the expected advantages and downsides of these gadgets for IVA clients, barely any investigations have exactly assessed the need of security and trust as a singular choice to use IVAs. In this proposed work, different IPA users and non-users (N=1000) are surveyed to understand and analyze the barriers and motivations to adopting IPAs and how users are concerned about data privacy and trust with respect to organizational compliances and social contract related to IPA data and how these concerns have affected the acceptance and use of IPAs. We have used Naïve Byes Classifier to compute trust in IVA devices and further evaluate probability of using different trusted IVA devices. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

111 - Evaluation of Pattern Recognition Techniques in Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT)
Mohammad Nejadeh Peyman Bayat Jalal Kheirkhah Hassan Moladoust

10.29252/jist.8.31.197

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves cardiac function in patients with heart failure (HF), and the result of this treatment is decrease in death rate and improving quality of life for patients. This research is aimed at predicting CRT response for the progno More

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves cardiac function in patients with heart failure (HF), and the result of this treatment is decrease in death rate and improving quality of life for patients. This research is aimed at predicting CRT response for the prognosis of patients with heart failure under CRT. According to international instructions, in the case of approval of QRS prolongation and decrease in ejection fraction (EF), the patient is recognized as a candidate of implanting recognition device. However, regarding many intervening and effective factors, decision making can be done based on more variables. Computer-based decision-making systems especially machine learning (ML) are considered as a promising method regarding their significant background in medical prediction. Collective intelligence approaches such as particles swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm are used for determining the priorities of medical decision-making variables. This investigation was done on 209 patients and the data was collected over 12 months. In HESHMAT CRT center, 17.7% of patients did not respond to treatment. Recognizing the dominant parameters through combining machine recognition and physician’s viewpoint, and introducing back-propagation of error neural network algorithm in order to decrease classification error are the most important achievements of this research. In this research, an analytical set of individual, clinical, and laboratory variables, echocardiography, and electrocardiography (ECG) are proposed with patients’ response to CRT. Prediction of the response after CRT becomes possible by the support of a set of tools, algorithms, and variables. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

112 - Using Static Information of Programs to Partition the Input Domain in Search-based Test Data Generation
Atieh Monemi Bidgoli Hassan haghighi

10.29252/jist.8.32.219

The quality of test data has an important effect on the fault-revealing ability of software testing. Search-based test data generation reformulates testing goals as fitness functions, thus, test data generation can be automated by meta-heuristic algorithms. Meta-heurist More

The quality of test data has an important effect on the fault-revealing ability of software testing. Search-based test data generation reformulates testing goals as fitness functions, thus, test data generation can be automated by meta-heuristic algorithms. Meta-heuristic algorithms search the domain of input variables in order to find input data that cover the targets. The domain of input variables is very large, even for simple programs, while this size has a major influence on the efficiency and effectiveness of all search-based methods. Despite the large volume of works on search-based test data generation, the literature contains few approaches that concern the impact of search space reduction. In order to partition the input domain, this study defines a relationship between the structure of the program and the input domain. Based on this relationship, we propose a method for partitioning the input domain. Then, to search in the partitioned search space, we select ant colony optimization as one of the important and prosperous meta-heuristic algorithms. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach in comparison with the previous work, we selected a number of different benchmark programs. The experimental results show that our approach has 14.40% better average coverage versus the competitive approach Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

113 - Improvement of Firefly Algorithm using Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm
Mahdi Tourani

10.52547/jist.9.34.123

Evolutionary algorithms are among the most powerful algorithms for optimization, Firefly algorithm (FA) is one of them that inspired by nature. It is an easily implementable, robust, simple and flexible technique. On the other hand, Integration of this algorithm with ot More

Evolutionary algorithms are among the most powerful algorithms for optimization, Firefly algorithm (FA) is one of them that inspired by nature. It is an easily implementable, robust, simple and flexible technique. On the other hand, Integration of this algorithm with other algorithms, can be improved the performance of FA. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) are suitable and effective for integration with FA. Some method and operation in GSA and PSO can help to FA for fast and smart searching. In one version of the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), selecting the K-best particles with bigger mass, and examining its effect on other masses has a great help for achieving the faster and more accurate in optimal answer. As well as, in Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), the candidate answers for solving optimization problem, are guided by local best position and global best position to achieving optimal answer. These operators and their combination with the firefly algorithm (FA) can improve the performance of the search algorithm. This paper intends to provide models for improvement firefly algorithm using GSA and PSO operation. For this purpose, 5 scenarios are defined and then, their models are simulated using MATLAB software. Finally, by reviewing the results, It is shown that the performance of introduced models are better than the standard firefly algorithm. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

114 - Providing a New Smart Camera Architecture for Intrusion Detection in Wireless Visual Sensor Network
Meisam Sharifi Sani Amid Khatibi

10.52547/jist.15672.11.41.31

The wireless Visual sensor network is a highly functional domain of high-potential network generations in unpredictable and dynamic environments that have been deployed from a large number of uniform or non-uniform groups within the desired area, cause the realization o More

The wireless Visual sensor network is a highly functional domain of high-potential network generations in unpredictable and dynamic environments that have been deployed from a large number of uniform or non-uniform groups within the desired area, cause the realization of large regulatory applications from the military and industrial domain to hospital and environment. Therefore, security is one of the most important challenges in these networks. In this research, a new method of routing smart cameras with the help of cloud computing technology has been provided. The framework in the cloud computing management layer increases security, routing, inter interaction, and other features required by wireless sensor networks. Systematic attacks are simulated by a series of standard data collected at the CTU University related to the Czech Republic with RapidMiner software. Finally, the accuracy of detection of attacks and error rates with the suggested NN-SVM algorithm, which is a combination of vector machines and neural networks, is provided in the smart cameras based on the visual wireless sensor networks in MATLAB software. The results show that different components of the proposed architecture meet the quality characteristics of visual wireless sensor networks. Detection of attacks in this method is in the range of 99.24% and 99.35% in the worst and best conditions, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

115 - Mineralogy, geochemistry, fluid inclusion and genesis of magnetite-apatite mineralization in the southwest of Hormuz Island, Iran
Masoud Alipour-Asll عاطفه فخری دودوئی

The study area is located about 8 km south of Bandar Abbas in Hormozgan Province. This area is in the south of the Zagros folded zone and part of the Hormuz series. The late Precambrian-early Cambrian rocks comprise intercalations of rhyolite-rhyodacite lava and tuff, c More

The study area is located about 8 km south of Bandar Abbas in Hormozgan Province. This area is in the south of the Zagros folded zone and part of the Hormuz series. The late Precambrian-early Cambrian rocks comprise intercalations of rhyolite-rhyodacite lava and tuff, crystal ¬tuff, tuffaceous ¬shale, sandstone and evaporite layers. Iron mineralization along with apatite are found as dike, massive, vein-veinlets and disseminated forms in tuffaceous shale and crystalline tuff rock units. Based on iron oxides and apatite contents, mineralization can be divided into iron-oxides (mainly magnetite), iron oxides- apatite and apatite types. The main ore-forming minerals include magnetite, oligist, hematite, goethite and limonite, apatite, and gangue minerals are calcite, quartz and clay minerals. The Hormuz Island ores have a high concentration of rare earth elements (REE) and the total amount of REE in apatite-rich ores is up to 3%. The geochemical studies show that a strong positive correlation between P and REE. Comparison of the chondrite-normalized REE pattern of the Hormuz magnetite-apatite ores with those from the Bafq-Posht-e-Badam block and the Kiruna type iron ore deposits represent genetic similarity of mineralization. The homogenization temperature in the two-phased liquid and vapor (L+V) fluids in apatite minerals vary from 309 to 565°C (average 388°C), and salinity varies between 14.16 to 33.87 (20/80) wt.% NaCl. Finally, based on the field geology, mineralogy, geochemistry and fluid inclusion features, the Hormuz magnetite-apatite mineralization is classified in the Kiruna-type magnetite-apatite deposits group with magmatic-hydrothermal origin. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

116 - Nonlinear Regression Model Based on Fractional Bee Colony Algorithm for Loan Time Series
Farid Ahmadi Mohammad Pourmahmood Aghababa Hashem Kalbkhani

10.52547/jist.16015.10.38.141

High levels of nonperforming loans provide negative impacts on the growth rate of gross domestic product. Therefore, predicting the occurrence of nonperforming loans is a vital issue for the financial sector and governments. In this paper, an intelligent nonlinear model More

High levels of nonperforming loans provide negative impacts on the growth rate of gross domestic product. Therefore, predicting the occurrence of nonperforming loans is a vital issue for the financial sector and governments. In this paper, an intelligent nonlinear model is proposed for describing the behavior of nonperforming loans. In order to find the optimal parameters of the model, a new fractional bee colony algorithm (BCA) based on fractional calculus techniques is proposed. The inputs of the nonlinear model are the loan type, approved amount, refund amount, and economic realm. The output of the regression model is that whether the current information is for a nonperforming loan or not. Consequently, the model is modified to detect the status of a loan. So, the modified model predicts the occurrence of a nonperforming loan and determines the loan status, i.e., current, overdue, and nonperforming. The proposed procedure is applied to data gathered from an economic institution in Iran. The findings of this study are helpful for the managers of banks, and financial sectors to forecast the future of the loans and, therefore, manage the budget for the upcoming loan requests. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

117 - Comparative Study of Islamic and Western Perspective of Women’s participation in economic activities
Soheila Biria

10.52547/row.2.2.41

Women make up half of the world’s population. Therefore, their economic activities, as half of the community workforce, are very effective in achieving economic growth and development. Different societies have different views about the extent of women’s participation in More

Women make up half of the world’s population. Therefore, their economic activities, as half of the community workforce, are very effective in achieving economic growth and development. Different societies have different views about the extent of women’s participation in economic activities. In the west view, Women enter the labor market without any restriction and engage the economic activities. Their job role is primarily in priority and important than the role of their mother and wife. But in Islam views, while emphasizing woman’s participation in economic activities, their roles as mother and wife are emphasized. Islam accepts woman’s employment under certain conditions. In this research, an attempt has been made to examine these two perspectives and compare them with each other. Then, the consequences and results of these views on the current situation of women in these societies are examined. This article has been prepared by descriptive and analytical methods, using library information. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

118 - Third Party Objectionable Judgments
Ebadollah Rostami Chalkasari Mahmud Kohani

Principally the issued judgments from trial authorities at principal of relativity must effect merely in relation of the parties of trial and cannot invoke at others than them, but sometimes those judgments defect the third parties of their rights. The legislator for pr More

Principally the issued judgments from trial authorities at principal of relativity must effect merely in relation of the parties of trial and cannot invoke at others than them, but sometimes those judgments defect the third parties of their rights. The legislator for preservation from rights of them has permitted until they object to those judgments as third parties which it is named as "third party objection". There is no unanimity of opinions in the matter of what judgments have the third party objection receptivity? Absoluteness of the legislator's expression includes all of judgments either decree or order issued by court and includes conclusive judgments and on the other hand the proviso the "court" as the issued judgments issuer author, doesn’t include other authors. The right of objection has been recognized to arbitration award and judgments issued by administrative Justice Court, but about other authors haven't been done sufficient and necessary review, thus in this paper we will determine the judgments which the third party can object to them. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

119 - Jurisprudential and Legal Study of Provisos after Cancellation
Seyed Mohammad Hadi Saei Maryam Saqafi

Cancellation is reached when both parties have consent over the termination of the contract. This means the end of the contract effects and the resulting commitments. This, however, relates to the future; therefore, it is not like nullification of the contract. It does More

Cancellation is reached when both parties have consent over the termination of the contract. This means the end of the contract effects and the resulting commitments. This, however, relates to the future; therefore, it is not like nullification of the contract. It does not have retrospective impact, and consequently it does not affect the pre-cancellation consequences. This point has been neglected by some and in their explanation of rules regarding provisos after cancellation they maintain that all conditions are nullified including attributes, performance and collateral events. Pursuant to this, the Civil Code in Article 246 stipulates that when a contract is terminated by mutual consent, its terms become null and void, whereas rules regarding and effects of each proviso are different and Article 246 shall not be attributable to all of them. This means that the condition of attribute is not within the prerogative of the said article and hence it is not nullified, but also it returns to the initial owner according to the subject of transaction. The condition of collateral events, due to its certain characteristics, is realized immediately after the conclusion of the contract, thus it cannot be nullified or waived either. In the meantime, only the condition of performance, either negative or positive, is nullified due to cancellation although it leaves behind consequences that are analyzable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

120 - Feasibility study of using the hand movement language signs of the kermanians in visual and performing arts
Zahra Mousavi Khameneh Mozhgan Dorrani

Gestures, instead of words, convey part of the message to the audience. In Iran, "Kermanis" widely use hand language absence of semiotic knowledge of hand language disrupts the visual and theatrical communication function The present analytical-descriptive research has More

Gestures, instead of words, convey part of the message to the audience. In Iran, "Kermanis" widely use hand language absence of semiotic knowledge of hand language disrupts the visual and theatrical communication function The present analytical-descriptive research has been compiled with the aim of explaining this type of signs in Kerman culture and answers to this question that what is the relation between conversational language and gestures of hand. And how they can play an effective role in art.This research, relying on the concept of inter-sign translation, clarifies that the repetition of signs in Kerman has become a concept in both positive-everyday and negative ways and it can be used through narratives in visual and performing arts for better communication with the audience. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

121 - A Novel Approach for Establishing Connectivity in Partitioned Mobile Sensor Networks using Beamforming Techniques
Abbas Mirzaei Shahram Zandian

10.52547/jist.16302.10.40.300

Network connectivity is one of the major design issues in the context of mobile sensor networks. Due to diverse communication patterns, some nodes lying in high-traffic zones may consume more energy and eventually die out resulting in network partitioning. This phenomen More

Network connectivity is one of the major design issues in the context of mobile sensor networks. Due to diverse communication patterns, some nodes lying in high-traffic zones may consume more energy and eventually die out resulting in network partitioning. This phenomenon may deprive a large number of alive nodes of sending their important time critical data to the sink. The application of data caching in mobile sensor networks is exponentially increasing as a high-speed data storage layer. This paper presents a deep learning-based beamforming approach to find the optimal transmission strategies for cache-enabled backhaul networks. In the proposed scheme, the sensor nodes in isolated partitions work together to form a directional beam which significantly increases their overall communication range to reach out a distant relay node connected to the main part of the network. The proposed methodology of cooperative beamforming-based partition connectivity works efficiently if an isolated cluster gets partitioned with a favorably large number of nodes. We also present a new cross-layer method for link cost that makes a balance between the energy used by the relay. By directly adding the accessible auxiliary nodes to the set of routing links, the algorithm chooses paths which provide maximum dynamic beamforming usage for the intermediate nodes. The proposed approach is then evaluated through simulation results. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism achieves up to 30% energy consumption reduction through beamforming as partition healing in addition to guarantee user throughput. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

122 - Develop a conceptual framework for neighborhood-based participatory planning in Iranian cities Case study: Sirus, Javadiyeh and Haftechenar neighborhoods of Tehran
Mohammad Ghasemisiani Iraj Ghasemi hossein Hidari

Today, participation in social affairs is one of the main principles of sustainable development. In the field of urban management, empowering citizens and influencing them in urban affairs is the core of the participatory approach. So that in the regeneration of worn ti More

Today, participation in social affairs is one of the main principles of sustainable development. In the field of urban management, empowering citizens and influencing them in urban affairs is the core of the participatory approach. So that in the regeneration of worn tissues during the last three decades, this approach has been mentioned as the key to problem solving and effective implementation of renovation programs. But experience shows that what has been considered as participation in urban management in Iran is more about financing and instrumental use of participation. In this article, an attempt has been made to study the experience of renovation in three neighborhoods of Sirus, Javadieh and Haftchenar, Tehran, which has been implemented with the approach of physical-spatial planning and participatory planning, while enumerating barriers to participation, to provide a model for future projects. The research method of this study is qualitative and the interview technique has been used. The sample size is 30 renovation managers and experts who have worked in these or similar projects. The results indicate that the barriers can be classified into two categories of structural and factor factors. Thus, structural factors at the macro level, including organizational structures, and at the micro level, including legal factors (laws and regulations) and agency at the two micro levels, ie individual factors and macro level, ie the organizational dimension, create obstacles to citizen participation. Therefore, in order to attract people’s participation, these structural and factor factors must be coordinated with each other and a positive and two-way interaction must be established between them. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

123 - Reviewing and evaluating the resolutions of the 21st National Congress in the direction of tripartite cooperation between the government, academia and industry
mohammadreza salehi masoud shafiee

The National Congress of Government, University and Industry for National Development in recent years, with the cooperation of elites and experts from scientific, research and industrial centers, has been able to continuously provide useful solutions over time. Suggesti More

The National Congress of Government, University and Industry for National Development in recent years, with the cooperation of elites and experts from scientific, research and industrial centers, has been able to continuously provide useful solutions over time. Suggestions such as: "Creating an integrated industrial information and scientific system in the country's industry for access to timely information of industry and academia, creating and equipping laboratories Specialized national in order to provide optimal services to universities and industry, formulate a national research strategy and set priorities and improve the country's research management, modify and review the programs and educational chapters of universities, in accordance with modern technologies , Cooperation of government and executive organizations, universities and research institutes and industry to draw and formulate the national innovation system of the country, expansion of communication and scientific, technical and research cooperation with competent international institutions with systematic focus on efficient domestic forces and review Development of technology, homogeneous networking of industrial and research units, creation of software and brain infrastructure of government, university and industry communication in all provincial centers, using the experiences of other countries and university centers in the relationship between industry and university, especially Industrial and developed countries, setting up industry and business clinics in the provinces in cooperation with universities and industries to "One of the models of university-industry cooperation, strengthening the role of private sector institutions in the cycle of science and industry and research and technology activities", and many other things that could undoubtedly and can continue to be in the relationship between industry and academia Be path-breaking Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

124 - Murder and Typification of the forgiveness (A Case Study of Guilan)

Main purpose this research is “Typification of the forgiveness based on inductive strategy”. In this strategy, the interviewees perception about the forgivness by interpretivism approach have been investigated. This research has been with qualitative method and purp More

Main purpose this research is “Typification of the forgiveness based on inductive strategy”. In this strategy, the interviewees perception about the forgivness by interpretivism approach have been investigated. This research has been with qualitative method and purposive sampling, and individual and group (Focus group) interviews. According to the logic of theoretical saturation, twenty seven individually and three group were interviewed. Then researcher analyzed interviews with method thematic analyze. Overall,the findings indicates that there are two general type of forgiveness.The first is self- oriented forgiveness and the second is other- oriented forgiveness . In the first part exist various species such as: Forgiveness oppositions, forgiveness supporters, replaced forgiveness and intent - oriented forgiveness. Other-oriented forgiveness can observe types three: forgivenes oppositions, reluctantly Forgiveness and intent-oriented forgiveness. People reacted to the murder of their close relatives to criminal calculate and assess the benefits of forgiveness and revenge, and then act.Based on the research findings the forgivness is time and space, because it depend to the position of the offender or the victim and the time between the crime and punishment Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

125 - Investigation The Alignment of moral values and organizational communication (Case of Study: Infrastructure communication co.)
Mohammad

The aim of this study was to evaluate the alignment of moral values and organizational communication that the study was conducted in Telecommunication Infrastructure Company. Since no study has been done on the alignment of moral values and organizational communication More

The aim of this study was to evaluate the alignment of moral values and organizational communication that the study was conducted in Telecommunication Infrastructure Company. Since no study has been done on the alignment of moral values and organizational communication ، This study could reveal alignment moral values with organizational communication. Statistical Society is Managers and employees of Telecommunication Infrastructure Company، which according to the sample of 284 people were selected for sampling. The research method is survey. Data were collected through questionnaires and The research questionnaires، including questionnaires Hunt et al (1989)، Syngapkdy et al. (1996) and residents (1394) is used. The validity of the questionnaire was given to a number of specialists and senior managers and reached to confirm them and The Reliability of SPSS software through Cronbach test of reliability was demonstrated. The findings also showed، In the official relations only component in the ethical values of responsibility creates a direct and significant relationship and In informal relations components of commitment، fairness، responsibility and participation in a direct and significant relationship creates moral values and It was determined by regression analysis ، There is a alignment moral values and organizational communication Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

126 - Providing Citizen Participation Patterns in the Feeling of General Ethics Issues
Karamolah Daneshfard mehraban hadi peykani

The present research is aimed at designing and presenting a model of citizen participation in the sense of general issues based on ethics. The purpose of this research was exploratory and in terms of method, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the More

The present research is aimed at designing and presenting a model of citizen participation in the sense of general issues based on ethics. The purpose of this research was exploratory and in terms of method, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the first stage, the qualitative and content analysis method In the second phase of the study, the Delphi technique was used to determine the dimensions and components of citizen participation. After three phases of Delphi, citizens participated in the sensation of public affairs, the reporting of the components (presence and non-attendance), followed by The components (legal, organizational, economic), followed by cooperation with the components (individual, organizational, social) and later the citizen DVD with component (personal, social, political) was approved by the experts. In order to survey and test the population of the statistical society, citizens who referred to the Islamic Consultative Assembly were referred. Using Morgan table and random sampling method, 388 people were selected as the statistical sample. Analysis and analysis of research data with the help of software The modeling of structural equations was confirmed by PST and PSTS, and the structure of the model was confirmed according to the analysis. Findings indicate that the degree of variance explained by the sensation (0.89). Positive Q values for all variables indicate that these variables contribute to the promotion of citizen participation Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

127 - Civil liability of a lawyer to a party and his religious and moral rights
Alireza Karimi Larimi seyed hosein safaii

This type of responsibility of the attorney is not in the form of a contract, but in the form of a contract, and is outside the principle of "relativity of the contract" and the contractual liability of the party, that is why the party is a party (third party) and that More

This type of responsibility of the attorney is not in the form of a contract, but in the form of a contract, and is outside the principle of "relativity of the contract" and the contractual liability of the party, that is why the party is a party (third party) and that the lawyer of the judiciary in contrast, the legal conflict, will have responsibility or not? There has long been no consensus on this matter, and a traditional view holds that even the notion of responsibility for a lawyer will eliminate his focus on defense and prevent this concern in the area of responsibility for the good defense of the lawyer, but the new theory and career requirements and the lawyer's profession leads to the recognition of the attorney by providing conditions, and the legal assignments, as well as the affirmation of the third party's liability for the lawyer, are suing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

128 - Morality and fair procedure in the light of predictability principle of procedure rules
jalil ghanavati Eslam Mondani

The relationship between morality and law is a definite affirmation and endorsement of philosophers, ethical thinkers and lawyers. Ethics in the process of procedure are one of the issues that can be specifically addressed in relation to these two issues. Predictability More

The relationship between morality and law is a definite affirmation and endorsement of philosophers, ethical thinkers and lawyers. Ethics in the process of procedure are one of the issues that can be specifically addressed in relation to these two issues. Predictability principle in civil procedure is considered as one of civil fair procedure principles, looking carefully at provisions of the civil procedure code of Iran and other regulations and Shiite jurisprudence judicial discussions related to the role of judge and the evidences, predictability principle can be recognized in Iran civil procedure code as civil fair procedure principle. Documents of matching transnational procedure and documents and rules of arbitration sample significantly support predictability principle in civil procedure in judge’s performance and litigants of private disputes in relation to evidence. The relationship of other procedure principles is sometimes coordinated with predictability principle such as contradiction principle, parties’ despotic domination principle on civil claim, and the principle of judge neutrality and sometimes is conflicting with other principles of civil procedure such as prohibition of unduly prolonging civil procedure principle, the principle of civil party’s hearing right. In this field, the exact scope and the quality of implementing this principle should be carefully investigated in the light of other civil fair procedure. The sanction of violating implementation of the predictability principle in the civil procedure is invalidity of judicial decisions and possibility of research or appeal violation in this principle of civil fair procedure. The research method is descriptive and analytical. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

129 - United Nations Ethics Mediation Position in the Syria-Yemen Crisis
Sajad Ehrami Ali Tavakkoli Tabasi Asgar Jalalian

The moral and peaceful settlement of disputes means the resolution of international disputes without reference to force. This method involves scientific methods, in which the conflicts of states and groups in their basic duties and responsibilities can be resolved (such More

The moral and peaceful settlement of disputes means the resolution of international disputes without reference to force. This method involves scientific methods, in which the conflicts of states and groups in their basic duties and responsibilities can be resolved (such as negotiation, mediation, compromise, Jamila and arbitration). When it comes to resolving conflicts, there are often attempts to put an end to the state of war, the state of war, or the existence of a strong conflict-based probability. In this paper, the ethical settlement of international disputes through ethics of mediation by international organizations, and in particular the United Nations and the Security Council, is studied with the approach of recent developments and crises in both Syria and Yemen. The moral role of the United Nations in ending international disputes and crises is indisputable, but the question is how is the UN's moral attitude to ending these crises and to what extent are major global governments effective in UN decisions? The question is being addressed in this thesis by considering all aspects. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

130 - renegotiaton in upstream contracts of the oil industry from the perspective of law a
Rahele Seyed Morteza Hosseini Bahram Taghipour Mehdi Abbasi Sarmadi Fatemeh Amiri

Because of the long-term nature of the upstream contracts of the oil industry, it is always possible for these contracts to be subject to fundamental changes in the situation. In such a way that economic, political, technical or economic, economic or economic changes wi More

Because of the long-term nature of the upstream contracts of the oil industry, it is always possible for these contracts to be subject to fundamental changes in the situation. In such a way that economic, political, technical or economic, economic or economic changes will overcome, in such a way that it is difficult for one party to fulfill the obligation, while the other party may benefit from these conditions. In such a case, re-negotiation is one of the solutions that can help resolve this problem. What many of these contracts today are of interest to the parties. Using this method, the parties can review the contract and allow it to continue to be implemented, the parties are required to observe ethics and goodwill to pave the way for an agreement to resolve the problem and exit the stalemate. . Re-negotiation may be entered in the conditional condition at the time of the conclusion of the contract or after agreement of the terms of the parties. This condition will stabilize the contract, and this will encourage foreign companies to invest in oil projects, which will result in economic development of the host country. In fact, this is a condition of a dispute resolution mechanism that prevents the liquidation of the contract in the event of a change of circumstances. However, observance of ethics and good faith requires the contracting party to seriously negotiate and make rational and enforceable proposals. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

131 - Ethical Conflict of Decisions of the International Court of Justice and the Security Council on the Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes
Saeedeh Golkar Seyed Mohammad Hashemi Ali Zare

In the present study the structure, some considerations on the respective rolls of the security council and the internationalcourt of justice with respect to the “The revention of aggravation of disputes” in the domain of the pacific settlementof international disputes More

In the present study the structure, some considerations on the respective rolls of the security council and the internationalcourt of justice with respect to the “The revention of aggravation of disputes” in the domain of the pacific settlementof international disputes or situations, according to the United Nations charter through comparing their functions and functionalities. Special focus is on the International Court of Justice (ICJ) as the sole United Nations judicial institution that carries not only the responsibility of peaceful resolution of international disputes between states and other subjects of international law but also has contributed to the expansion of international law. ICJ has a responsibility to supervise other organs of the United Nations but has failed to observe the resolutions of the Security Council despite the freedoms it enjoys to do so. The authority of the Security Council is still derived from the will of powers, not the international law which has resulted in silence and inaction of the ICJ with regard to the decisions of the Security Council in the cases of Lockerbie, Namibia, Bosnia and Herzegovinian and Montenegro; all out of political considerations. The study ends with a conclusion and a set of recommendations to minimize the adverse effects of the discussed contradictions including legal observations supported by some international principles and procedures as well as acceptance of the superiority of the decisions of the ICJ over decisions of other main UN bodies particularly the Security Council. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

132 - Explanation and application of the principle of non-discrimination in B-group contracts

Public-private partnerships are one of the main forms of financing and implementing infrastructure projects in developing countries. Contracts (Group B) are one of the most successful and effective contracts in this field, which has led to the significant growth of thes More

Public-private partnerships are one of the main forms of financing and implementing infrastructure projects in developing countries. Contracts (Group B) are one of the most successful and effective contracts in this field, which has led to the significant growth of these contracts and has led to the formulation of rules and regulations governing their implementation and enforcement by governments. In fact, the current framework for the classification of contracts in the form of a eBay contract. She. T is engineered and engineered according to their needs and the legal principles are not respected. Therefore, the current classification has several major disadvantages, including disregard for the nature of contracts, disregard for the principles of contracts, and disregard for the principles of division in law. Careful examination of these contracts shows that some of these contracts are so different from the BWT contract that they cannot be classified as a BWT contract and the proper division of these contracts into a B group. And the subgroup of Group B contracts. She and Dee. Bi. Is Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

133 - Possibility of third party entry in international investment dispute for protection of human rights
Mohsen Abdollahi Nafiseh Shakeri

International investment law and substantive and procedural rules for dispute settlement through arbitration mechanism is under experience and evaluation. Theoretical reasoning and procedure play an important role in this process. One of the issues raised in this field More

International investment law and substantive and procedural rules for dispute settlement through arbitration mechanism is under experience and evaluation. Theoretical reasoning and procedure play an important role in this process. One of the issues raised in this field of law is the possibility of considering international human rights as part of the governing law, and consequently considering human rights obligations for both contracting parties of the investment agreement. Given that human rights commitments often do not meet the economic interests of both parties, they are likely to be ignored and neglected. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss how to monitor the human rights act of international investment parties. One solution to meet this need is to pay attention to the oversight exercised those who are outside the investment contract or the third party to the contract. In this study, considering the theoretical and procedural justifications, the present conditions of the possibility of a third party entry into an investment dispute is examined from a human rights standpoint Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

134 - The ethical obligations of the parties in oil bunk contracts in Iran
Farzam Ardalan Nejat Ali Almasi mansour atashene

The article attempts to examine the contractual principles governing the Baikon contracts in Iran, which is frequently used by the National Iranian Oil Company, which serves as the Ministry of Oil. Iran, with its significant reserves of oil and natural gas, is ranked a More

The article attempts to examine the contractual principles governing the Baikon contracts in Iran, which is frequently used by the National Iranian Oil Company, which serves as the Ministry of Oil. Iran, with its significant reserves of oil and natural gas, is ranked as the world's second largest oil producer and exporter, as well as the world's second-largest gas reserves holder in the world, in terms of two highly desirable areas for investment. Investors (foreign) in Iran can mention the development of oil and natural gas, which still requires a drastic investment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

135 - Investigating the Position of Women's Rights in the Citizenship Bill with an Emphasis on Women's Political Rights
Arezoo Hosseinieh Ali Hajipour Kanderud

Citizenship Charter Reflects Government Concern Over Public Awareness on Citizenship and Proposes Respect for Human Rights. In this regard, one of the most important pillars of the civil rights charter is the issue of women's rights. The purpose of the present study is More

Citizenship Charter Reflects Government Concern Over Public Awareness on Citizenship and Proposes Respect for Human Rights. In this regard, one of the most important pillars of the civil rights charter is the issue of women's rights. The purpose of the present study is to investigate and analyze the level of attention to women's citizenship rights in the context of the Citizenship Charter. The above study shows that women's citizenship rights are accepted in the Charter of Citizenship to an acceptable extent, but there is no guarantee of proper implementation on the one hand and some practical challenges and on the other hand desirable and realistic research of women's rights in Iran with serious obstacles. Is facing Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

136 - The ethical obligations of the parties in oil bunk contracts in Iran
zohre azadi Abdullah Nasri

The article attempts to examine the contractual principles governing the Baikon contracts in Iran, which is frequently used by the National Iranian Oil Company, which serves as the Ministry of Oil. Iran, with its significant reserves of oil and natural gas, is ranked a More

The article attempts to examine the contractual principles governing the Baikon contracts in Iran, which is frequently used by the National Iranian Oil Company, which serves as the Ministry of Oil. Iran, with its significant reserves of oil and natural gas, is ranked as the world's second largest oil producer and exporter, as well as the world's second-largest gas reserves holder in the world, in terms of two highly desirable areas for investment. Investors (foreign) in Iran can mention the development of oil and natural gas, which still requires a drastic investment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

137 - Earthquake and order proof

One of the proofs to prove God's existence and some of his features is the order proof. This proof has been under some question including lack of logical and scientific reasoning of earthquake considering the order proof. Because earthquake causes destructure of world o More

One of the proofs to prove God's existence and some of his features is the order proof. This proof has been under some question including lack of logical and scientific reasoning of earthquake considering the order proof. Because earthquake causes destructure of world order and creation of disorders. This earthquake is trying the make a logical and scientific justification of adap-tability between earthquake and order proof. It satisfres a descetiptice method as well as analytic and library research. Also it has used a sampling method in data carlection and finally has concluded that : Fristly consistency of order deponds on either finalizaion of an action or on relation and agreement between actions following the same end and purpose. Disorders such as earthquake act in the same framework order proof hurts when the existence of end and agreement is rejected which is not the case here. Secondly, earthquake is not accidental, because brenking and releasing of energy in special places is ordered. Thirdly, order proof is defined as devisal and programming in world cration, so earthquake is out of order proof mission. Fourthly, human has a basic role in earthquake. Fifthly, the mature world which is a mather world is mixed with confiction and disturbance, among them is earthquake. As a result earthquake is not consistent with order proof Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

138 - Position of people’s social political participation in respect with religious, with relying on Quran’s verses and Naj al-Balagha

Political participation and the rule of majority (democracy) is one of the new models and the achievements of modern civilization for the administration and management of the community. The complexity of managing society and the demands of the people and deployment of t More

Political participation and the rule of majority (democracy) is one of the new models and the achievements of modern civilization for the administration and management of the community. The complexity of managing society and the demands of the people and deployment of this extended model in advanced societies, remind our tasks in further understanding of this general right from the religious point of view. Interestingly, this pattern in a unique and at the same time sublime and brilliant form, 1,400 years ago in the reign of Imam Ali has been implemented. In this paper, the importance and amount of political participation in their own social destiny according to the Quran and Nahj al-Balagha and interpretation and analysis of some Islamic scholars has been examined Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

139 - The domain of infallibility of Lady Fatima Zahra in the hadith of "Fatima is part of me

Special position and extent of the virtues of Lady Fatima Zahra (AS) in the Quran and Hadith is very significant. This paper is to describe, analyze and critique Sunni and Shiite scholars' views about Hadith of “Fatima is part of me “ Which has been quoted of the Prophe More

Special position and extent of the virtues of Lady Fatima Zahra (AS) in the Quran and Hadith is very significant. This paper is to describe, analyze and critique Sunni and Shiite scholars' views about Hadith of “Fatima is part of me “ Which has been quoted of the Prophet (PBUH) for various Sunni and Shiite collection containing Hadith on all various subject matters. Than Proving the extent and domain of Infallibility of Lady Fatima, And concluded among the various interpretations and readings from the hadith, that Fatima Zahra (AS) heirs of the prophet in all perfection except perfection of prophetic mission. The Continuation of Hadith is proving Infallibility of Fatima Zahra (AS) from sin And doing abomination and Of any desire And evil characteristics that is not God's satisfaction Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

140 - The history of the concept of the articles of faith in Sunni theological tradition

The discussion of the principles of religion or the articles of faith is one of the most important discussions among Muslim thinkers. This important concept of the principles of religion or the articles of faith has its own history among Muslims. The concept of the five More

The discussion of the principles of religion or the articles of faith is one of the most important discussions among Muslim thinkers. This important concept of the principles of religion or the articles of faith has its own history among Muslims. The concept of the five articles of faith in Islam is not extant in Quran or in Hadith but has entered the works of Muslim theologians especially by the works of Mutazilites. In its early stages in the history, the concept of principles of the religion or the articles of faith was used in a general way and referred to the whole theological beliefs but later its usage has narrowed and just referred to some special theological creeds. In this period usually five items were referred to as the five principles of religion. Different theological traditions have their own principles of religion in the way that sometimes seven and even fifteen items were referred to as the principles of religion. Unlike the rationalist Mutazilites, there is no such a concept among Ash'arites or Maturidites. In this article we will survey the history of the changes the concept of the articles of faith experienced in Sunni Kalam tradition Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

141 - The basis of philosophy of contract realization
jalil ghanavati omid gholamalitabar firozjaiee

Basically, the philosophy of contract realization is based on two theories: a view based on formalism and the restraints of the words and specific forms for conclusion of the contract, and the other is based on the freedom of will in concluding the contract. However, af More

Basically, the philosophy of contract realization is based on two theories: a view based on formalism and the restraints of the words and specific forms for conclusion of the contract, and the other is based on the freedom of will in concluding the contract. However, after the Renaissance, intense oppositions to formality began and the sovereignty of will has grown steadily, and this transformation and attitude has also become more objective in the legal system of Iran after the constitutional revolution, but after a while a lot of criticism, philosophically or legally, appeared regarding it and its severity and intensity has been reduced. In Iran's law, by setting Article 10 of the Civil Code as well as Article 957, the legislator has shown tendency to the principle of sovereignty of will, but this does not mean that we interpret the traditional and jurisprudential texts according to modern interpretations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

142 - Islamology with regards to the works of Bernard Lewis
Fatemeh Aziz Mohammadi Abdollah Rahimi

Westerners have paid a great deal of attention to Islam and Muslims in recent years. This has left a tremendous legacy of researches and books. The results presented have centered for many politicians, research institutions, and even the Western public, shaping major po More

Westerners have paid a great deal of attention to Islam and Muslims in recent years. This has left a tremendous legacy of researches and books. The results presented have centered for many politicians, research institutions, and even the Western public, shaping major political and strategic doctrines. However, some codings as Islamophobia has rooted from the very heart of it and consequently many politicians and the media has used these arguments in order to reclaim their ideas in this contest. Bernard Lewis is one of the contemporary Western Islamic scholars, whose studies on the matter of Islam and it’s cultural, economical, and social the Middle East region, has left a body of works, which is the center of attention for many politicians and the media. Without any doubts, further study of his works will be helpful in establishing recognition on this thoughts and its construction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

143 - Comparative study of proscription and approval through kalami approach
Masih Mahmoodi sogh hormoz asadikohbad siyamak baharloei

Proscription and approval are two precedent approaches among the Muslim petitioners and clergymen. Approval originates from Sunni principles while proscription has a root in Shiite ones. Since two tribes of shiite and Sunnite have had disputes on the issue of the caliph More

Proscription and approval are two precedent approaches among the Muslim petitioners and clergymen. Approval originates from Sunni principles while proscription has a root in Shiite ones. Since two tribes of shiite and Sunnite have had disputes on the issue of the caliphate of prophet this kind of above -mentioned issues caused a distinction between their approaches more and more. The studies done by researchers in academic centers and religeous schools are often descriptive and merely illustrative. A deep and precide look at both the issue of proscription and approval of kalami functional challenges of these views was the main reason for the study. In this research, in addition to descriping and explaining both categories. The kalami errors of these views are reviewed by examining the comprehensiveness or deficiency of religion from the perspective of approval and also the problem of excommunication and its relation with the proscription has been examined. Bisides the contrast and paradox of the tow approaches, equality and unity of the content of tow views and some of the positive and constructive aspects of the thought of approval have been other findings from the researcher. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

144 - The Subtle Mind (The Status of Intellectual and Exalted Wisdom)
Mohammad Javad Rudgar Ali Mardan Khatibi

Animal pain and suffering in the domain of nature are In the worldview, the wisdom of martyr Motahhari's master is of prime status and superior position in the field of religion and religiosity, in such a way that the master of martyr believed that in Islam, originality More

Animal pain and suffering in the domain of nature are In the worldview, the wisdom of martyr Motahhari's master is of prime status and superior position in the field of religion and religiosity, in such a way that the master of martyr believed that in Islam, originality is from that intellect. It is with wisdom that religion is known and recognized. Reason has a transcendental role in religious understanding and pain. The mystery of such dignity and the use of reason in the areas and levels of religion and religiosity is rational in rationalism of Islam and Islam, and Shi'i Islam is in fact an Islam of reason and rationality without extremes in all theoretical and practical spheres. The question now is: what is the position of the master of martyr Motahhari Aql in the radius of vision and the horizons of orientation and how they express and explain the position of the Islamic flows (Shi'a and Nietzali) in the application of reason? The present paper answers the above question After an introduction, he examined and processed the two methods of reporting and research and looked at Shahid Motahari's professor's attitude toward Shi'i has been described and interpreted. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

145 - A Hybrid Approach based on PSO and Boosting Technique for Data Modeling in Sensor Networks
hadi shakibian Jalaledin Nasiri

10.52547/jist.19789.10.40.259

An efficient data aggregation approach in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is to abstract the network data into a model. In this regard, regression modeling has been addressed in many studies recently. If the limited characteristics of the sensor nodes are omitted from c More

An efficient data aggregation approach in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is to abstract the network data into a model. In this regard, regression modeling has been addressed in many studies recently. If the limited characteristics of the sensor nodes are omitted from consideration, a common regression technique could be employed after transmitting all the network data from the sensor nodes to the fusion center. However, it is not practical nor efferent. To overcome this issue, several distributed methods have been proposed in WSNs where the regression problem has been formulated as an optimization based data modeling problem. Although they are more energy efficient than the centralized method, the latency and prediction accuracy needs to be improved even further. In this paper, a new approach is proposed based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Assuming a clustered network, firstly, the PSO algorithm is employed asynchronously to learn the network model of each cluster. In this step, every cluster model is learnt based on the size and data pattern of the cluster. Afterwards, the boosting technique is applied to achieve a better accuracy. The experimental results show that the proposed asynchronous distributed PSO brings up to 48% reduction in energy consumption. Moreover, the boosted model improves the prediction accuracy about 9% on the average. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

146 - Technology acquision methode model peresentation Based on porter industrial competition pattern ‎ In auto part industry
Kambiuz tALEBI Somayeh Sahebi

In the path of economical development for promoting technology levels of a country, different methods of acquisition of technology, improving current technology and also developing and boosting a new technology by localizing and also R&D are used. Although transferring More

In the path of economical development for promoting technology levels of a country, different methods of acquisition of technology, improving current technology and also developing and boosting a new technology by localizing and also R&D are used. Although transferring and technology acquisition is considered as an effective tool in developing industries but importing machineries and industrial tools does not just mean acquisition. The appropriate acquisition is accompanied with technical knowledge and the knowledge of how to use it. In this regard, the balance between technology strategy and business strategy is extremely important on the increase of competitive advantage and also to technology adaption in the national level. The aim of this research is to identify correlation of Porter's five strategic factors with technology acquisition modes with respect to cho and you's technology absorption model and also determine the correlation of these factors with the absorption of technology method and finally provide a model to align strategic and technological goals of company. Nonparametric test is used for achieving research purposes. Chi-square test is used to determine the independence or correlation between independent variables and the dependent variable, and Kendall tau b is used to determine the homogeneity of the criteria. Based on the results, the alternative of buyers bargaining power has the highest correlation with technology acquisition methods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

147 - Nolans life cycle model: An Instrument for IT/IS Planning
Mohammadjavad Ghorbani Abdoreza Shakeri

In this paper we study Nolan’s life cycle models and explain it as an Instrument for IT Planning. In this world that competition is developed libertine, use of IT to access to competition advantage is necessary for all companies and is a more important key for companies More

In this paper we study Nolan’s life cycle models and explain it as an Instrument for IT Planning. In this world that competition is developed libertine, use of IT to access to competition advantage is necessary for all companies and is a more important key for companies' survival guaranty. However use of IT costs a lot, implementing unplanned IT probably burden heavy problems to companies. So the organizations try to decrease these threats and access to IT opportunities, using IT planning to implement IT/IS. Environment produces different opportunities and threats to companies. So organizations should recognize all their characteristics and use of opportunities to decrease threats. Although we have different models and methodologies that explain all of IT/IS implementation stages, but Nolan’s life cycle model is a more important and famous in IT/IS planning stage. In this article we explain Nolan’s life cycle model and finally we explore relationship between managerial styles, participation and system success in each stage of model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

148 - An Analysis on the Relation between Psychological Empowerment and Organizational Commitment
Shams Asadat Zahedi hasan boudlaie Reza Satari Nasab Alireza Koshki Jahromi

This article reveals the relationship between psychological empowerment and organizational commitment of the employees of Mellat Bank in Tehran. Although the meaning of empowerment has been the subject of great debate, its original meaning has been referred to as autho More

This article reveals the relationship between psychological empowerment and organizational commitment of the employees of Mellat Bank in Tehran. Although the meaning of empowerment has been the subject of great debate, its original meaning has been referred to as authorizing and to giving power to two employees. The psychological empowerment emphasizes employees' perceptions and cognitions. In full-paper the basic method of enquiry was through questionnaires. The article concludes with some suggestion aimed at raising employees' empowerment and commitment in Mellat Bank in Tehran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

149 - Technomart, the Missing Link in Knowledg- based Economy
Saeed Samadi Amin Kolahdooz Seyed reza Hoseini

Knowledge- based economic development has been defined as creating value in the society through wisdom , knowledge and technology. Establishing a system output of which is such a development needs infrastructures for commercialization research outcomes and facilitating More

Knowledge- based economic development has been defined as creating value in the society through wisdom , knowledge and technology. Establishing a system output of which is such a development needs infrastructures for commercialization research outcomes and facilitating technological exchanges. Science & Technology Parks (STPs) have been founded in order to lesson the mismatch between university researches and its turning into technology. However the process of Technology commercial development witch in turn includes 5 sub- process (generation, transfer, attraction and domestication, distribution and documentation) is still inharmoniously and incompletely going on A stale- of the- art structure facilitating technology exchange, and extremely facilitates the connection between technology resources and users. This paper is portraying the techno mart as one of the vital structures in developing and commercializing the technology and fields of its services and then examining the typology of its relationship with science & technology parks, universities and research institutes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

150 - Identification and Priorities KBEs Challenges using ANN Method (Case study: Yazds KBEs)
Mojtaba GholiPour Mohammad Ali Vahdat Zad Mohammad Saleh Oliua Hasan Khademi Zareu

10.7508/jstpi.2016.01.003

The role of knowledge and science are paid attention in national development because creating expertise and improving the Total factor productivity of production. Furthermore, the position of technology and knowledge is considered vital as endogenous factors in this dev More

The role of knowledge and science are paid attention in national development because creating expertise and improving the Total factor productivity of production. Furthermore, the position of technology and knowledge is considered vital as endogenous factors in this development process. On the other hand, the conversion of knowledge into product and service will meet the needs of different communities. Knowledge-based companies are included as institutions that work as factories converting knowledge into product and service. Although, knowledge-based companies create sustainable knowledge-based economy and development of indigenous knowledge in many countries, but in accordance with the country's 20-year outlook and in terms of quality and quantity, they are not in ideal situation and are faced with challenges in their own development process. This research aims at identifying challenges facing knowledge-based companies located in Yazd's Science and Technology Park of Eghbal and prioritizing these challenges using Artificial Neural Network. The case study includes 137 managers and senior staff of these companies. Fifty nine challenges obtained from related literatures and experts’ opinions have been compiled in a questionnare and distributed among target population. One hundred and twenty eight collected questionnairs were validated by BP Artificial Neural Network and confirmed with MSE=2.0332 and challenges were prioritized with Artificial Neural Networks Radial Basis Function. The research proved that 19 of 59 challenges were priority among which economic problems of the country, industry and domestic markets recession and government’s unbalanced support policies can be pointed out. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

151 - Analysis of Start-ups Based on the Achievements of Academic Research from the Perspective of Resource-Based Approach
Amin Pazhohesh Jahromy Javad Pour Karimy Yaughob Entezary Amir Naser Akhavan

10.7508/jstpi.2016.02.003

The aim of this study is to analyze the achievements of university-based start-ups using resource-based approach and answers the question of why are some academic start-ups more competitive and may have greater survival. Academic entrepreneurs are involved in the early More

The aim of this study is to analyze the achievements of university-based start-ups using resource-based approach and answers the question of why are some academic start-ups more competitive and may have greater survival. Academic entrepreneurs are involved in the early stages of business creation, with a decision on the funding crisis facing. The study of important factors decline young companies, often leads to a lack of resources in the early years of formation. The Awareness about the relationship between resources and their role on survival of academic research-based companies in the early years is critical. This article seeks to identify the relationship that leads to more accurately understand the phenomenon of the commercialization of academic research achievements. Since the structure of start-ups based on the achievements of academic research is not something different from the structure of other start-ups and one of three forms of service oriented, Product oriented and Intellectual asset oriented start-ups, the research using library research (Meta-synthesis), concludes that access to human resources and technology and enterprise resource scarcity on campus, explain the success of academic Service oriented and Intellectual asset oriented start-ups and the failure of Product oriented firms. This led to the establishment of academic Service oriented and Intellectual asset oriented start-ups. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

152 - Smart Clothing; from Problem-Solving to Knowledge Generation
Morteza PourMohammadi Azam Neumati

10.7508/jstpi.2016.03.008

As a paradigm, design thinking has not accurate definition yet and could make sense during practical design activities. In addition, Sophisticated technology-driven products with high volume of unknowns, which considered as “wicked problems” have proposed to be solved b More

As a paradigm, design thinking has not accurate definition yet and could make sense during practical design activities. In addition, Sophisticated technology-driven products with high volume of unknowns, which considered as “wicked problems” have proposed to be solved by applying Design Thinking. Main purpose of this research is to investigate the design thinking role in such projects from problem-solving to knowlegde generation. At first, the opportunities and challenges in the design development process of smart clothing design project-as a wicked problem- surveyd through a descriptive-analytical method. Then as a case study, a practical smart clothing design project and his design thinkig dimentions discussed in detail. The findings of this article suggest design thinking as a systematic, creative and human-centered thinking beside treating as core research and managing design activities, could be the source of knowledge generation. The genarated knowlegde here includes redefining and shaping the problem, determine the level of technology integration, design issues, user requirements models and workflow; which in addition to facilitating the design solving process and reduce design errores, can be a true example of generalized problem solving And decision making pattern. Such approach to design thinking for wicked problems- Research through Design- pointed out the general knowledge of design activities(including the problem, methods and processes) is unknown at first phases, and the Generative nature of design thinking undertake this task, in other words design problem or brief will complete in parallel with solution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

153 - Prioritization of Power Distribution Smart Grid Technologies based on the Attractiveness Criteria, Case Study on Mazandaran Power Distribution Company
1Maral Mohaghegh Babak Shirazi

10.7508/jstpi.2016.04.006

A smart grid is the modern power grid to resolve many issues of current power grid systems with higher reliability, self-healing, ability to support renewable energy sources and reduction of environmental impacts. Novelty and necessity of power smart grid knowledge has More

A smart grid is the modern power grid to resolve many issues of current power grid systems with higher reliability, self-healing, ability to support renewable energy sources and reduction of environmental impacts. Novelty and necessity of power smart grid knowledge has led to feel technologies assessment is needed for development and determination the attractiveness of product and process technologies in this industry. Distribution network is an important part of a power system and nearest part to the consumers that should pay special attention to it. The aim of this study was to prioritize power smart grid technology with respect to the attractiveness criteria in Mazandaran power distributed company. So, the list of key technologies related to power smart grid was prepared. Then 9 criteria were identified. Questionnaire was designed to obtain the experts’ point about the status of each technology in every criteria. Saw is Multiple Attribute Decision Making model for weighing the criteria, determining the relative status of each technology, group decision-making and technology assessment. The results show that moment billing, wireless, load forecasting, energy costs calculating and software are the most important technologies based on the attractiveness in the Mazandaran power distribution company. Also is the basic step for planning, strategy of technologies and time management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

154 - Identification and Analysis of the Main Strategic Components Affecting the Failure of Knowledge-Based Companies in Iran (The Case Study: Technology and Science Park of Kermanshah City)
Donya Gholami Ali Ramezani

10.7508/jstpi.2019.01.008

It is more than one decade that Iran is trying to get away from Oil economy and approaching to the knowledge-based economy. The government tries to close the university to industry by setting up the technology and science parks. It tries to promote the new technologies More

It is more than one decade that Iran is trying to get away from Oil economy and approaching to the knowledge-based economy. The government tries to close the university to industry by setting up the technology and science parks. It tries to promote the new technologies by supporting start-ups. Now, we are in a time that many of the start-up companies can grow and produce the Advanced Services and productions. But they have faced with a strategic challenge. This challenge is their problem about selling the products and Knowledge-based services. Indeed, the products and Knowledge-based services are faced with the problem of entry into the business. This research, tries to study the four factors that have the most influence in the failure of companies in sailing, exchanging, and Commercialization of their technologies. We discuss about these challenges and test them in a fieldwork. The results of our research show the reasons of their failure in business are the lack of government interference in facilitating the process of technology exchange, the lack of brand, distrust of industry and State organs and business to Knowledge-based products. Statistical Society is the active technology and science parks in Iran. This model was tested by the trivial squares minimum technique and Smart Plus software. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

155 - Iranian Startup Ecosystem and Investigating Interaction Among its Key Actor
Abbasali Karshenas nima Garoosi Mokhtarzadeh

10.7508/jstpi.2019.01.001

The position of innovative businesses in the economy and their role in solving the problems and challenges of the countries is becoming increasingly significant. Some countries, with the timely awareness of the importance and position of these businesses, have been able More

The position of innovative businesses in the economy and their role in solving the problems and challenges of the countries is becoming increasingly significant. Some countries, with the timely awareness of the importance and position of these businesses, have been able to help through the proper analysis and consequently the adoption of policies and actions to help shape and grow an appropriate and supportive ecosystem for these businesses. They do. The present study was aimed at describing and reviewing the ecosystem of native Iranian businesses and providing solutions for its development and development. In this regard, by conducting extensive literature studies, the actors of this ecosystem are identified and introduced. Then, considering the importance and vital role of "investors and growers" in improving and accelerating the evolution of the ecosystem, these two key actors and their interactions were analyzed and analyzed. The perceptions of investment groups towards growers, with particular attention to the aspects of the share of growth in emerging companies and the collaboration between growth and investment groups, were extracted and analyzed through a questionnaire. Took Based on the results of the characteristics of the contribution of ecosystem growers to emerging companies, investment groups identify start-up screening factors, entrepreneurship education, and access to counseling by those that growers give the most value to entrepreneurs through them. Findings also show that aspects of the share of growth in emerging companies, which the capitalist groups have high value for them, is the evaluation of startups and entrepreneurship education. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

156 - Systematic Literature Review of Crowdfunding
Ali Haji Gholam Saryazdi Ali Rajabzadeh Ghatari Alinaghi Mashayekhi Alireza hassanzadeh

10.7508/jstpi.2019.01.005

In recent years crowdfunding is created as a web 2.0 and social network -based on financing for business startups and creative projects. This method has grown in many aspects, such as the number of platforms, the number of campaigns and their success rate, the volume of More

In recent years crowdfunding is created as a web 2.0 and social network -based on financing for business startups and creative projects. This method has grown in many aspects, such as the number of platforms, the number of campaigns and their success rate, the volume of funding and the number of models offered. This growth has led researchers to investigate this phenomenon of the different dimensions and aspects. So this article is followed by a comprehensive review of the literature associated with this method. In this study, we have done a systematic review of 60 published articles until 2017 about the concept of crowdfunding. The research findings have been summarized. Moreover, the research orientation pattern has been determined by identifying the focus of great attention. Also the existing research gaps and suggestions for future research in the field of crowdfunding identified and explained. The results of the survey showed that the number of studies carried out on this new method are not very high but are increasing. It is necessary for the researchers to study this method (phenomenon) with a comprehensive and holism approach, using a review of the views of its various actors, stackholders and costumers and extracting the factors influencing the success and failure of this method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

157 - Smart Farming Based on Internet of Things
GholamReza Farrokhi Mahboobeh Gapeleh

10.52547/jstpi.20750.15.59.29

Nowadays, with the increasing population of the world and the need for food on the one hand and the scarcity of water, energy and arable land on the other hand, traditional agriculture is no longer responsive to the food demand of the world population, so smart farming More

Nowadays, with the increasing population of the world and the need for food on the one hand and the scarcity of water, energy and arable land on the other hand, traditional agriculture is no longer responsive to the food demand of the world population, so smart farming has become more and more popular. The IoT is a new technology that is capable of providing many solutions for modernizing agriculture. IoT provides reliable information on the seed to be sown, the seed rate, the best time to plant and harvest, as well as the prediction of the amount of crop to be harvested. In this article, by studying research and research through library data collection and the study of scientific resources in the field of IoT, as well as the infrastructure required for deployment, we discuss the potentials and capabilities of this technology In the field of agriculture. The present study reviews the benefits of using IoT in smart agriculture such as increasing crop yields due to proper planning of seed planting time, crop harvesting, water use optimization. Planning to apply appropriate irrigation methods according to the amount of water required for each plant and each climatic zone, identifying pests and plant diseases at the real time, and alerting the farmer to the necessary decisions and actions to be taken. Pest utilization of information obtained from sensors established in the field is another benefit that has been addressed in this study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

158 - Investigating the Effect of Cloud Computing on the e-Health System
Mohsen Gharakhani Seyedeh OmSalameh pourhashemi

10.52547/jstpi.20800.16.61.34

Cloud computing was proposed as a new paradigm to host and provide services via Internet. Cloud computing can have various advantages for organizations including reduction in costs and increased flexibility. Nonetheless, transition from the current system on the cloud c More

Cloud computing was proposed as a new paradigm to host and provide services via Internet. Cloud computing can have various advantages for organizations including reduction in costs and increased flexibility. Nonetheless, transition from the current system on the cloud computing is not a simple task because it depends on various of factors. In this applied research, the main purpose is to investigate the influential factors in admission of e-health system based on cloud computing in a number of public hospitals in Tehran. In the present study, path analysis was done using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) to perceive the factors influencing the admission of cloud computing in e-health system from IT employees' viewpoint. Reviewing the related literature on Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) Model and the theory of Diffusion of Innovations (DOI), four main factors and 17 sub criteria were identified. These factors and sub-criteria were determined according to comments of specialists, university professors and IT and health experts based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Partial Least Squares. Results show that environmental factors such as regulations, competitive pressure, commercial pressure and organizational structure, and technological factors such as accessibility, reliability, security, privacy and trust should be considered as organizational objectives when adopting the e-health system based on cloud computing. Results of the present study can play an important role in organizations such as the ministry of health and medical education that are concern about this issue. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

159 - Smart Contract Technology, Evolution in the Development of E-Commerce: Requirements and Policies
Mohsen Sadeghi Mahdi Naser

10.52547/jstpi.20805.16.61.1

Modern trading tools play an undeniable role in the development of e-commerce. One of these tools are smart contracts, which have features such as speed and high security compared to other types of electronic contracts. This paper attempts to answer the question of what More

Modern trading tools play an undeniable role in the development of e-commerce. One of these tools are smart contracts, which have features such as speed and high security compared to other types of electronic contracts. This paper attempts to answer the question of what are the challenges of policymaking the general rules of contract formation at the stage of smart contract conclusion? In general, the most important challenges are to comply with the rules governing these contracts with existing norms in society, the conflicting domestic laws and international regulations, the validation of these contracts, and the means of concluding them including virtual currencies, the mechanism of artificial intelligence performance and the centralized nature of artificial intelligence. Addressing these challenges requires some legislative and executive policymaking, including the adoption of efficient laws for the validation of smart contracts and virtual currencies, the revision of existing laws, predicting thef of virtual currency licensing and the use of digital signatures, informing people and designating regulatory bodies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

160 - Big IoT Data from the Perspective of Smart Agriculture
Bahareh Jamshidi Hossein Dehghanisani

10.52547/jstpi.20875.16.63.12

Internet of Things (IoT) as an emerging technology in the field of Information and Communication Technology is the next revolution related to the Internet application. IoT focuses on the communication of things such as sensors, drivers, devices, etc., with data collecti More

Internet of Things (IoT) as an emerging technology in the field of Information and Communication Technology is the next revolution related to the Internet application. IoT focuses on the communication of things such as sensors, drivers, devices, etc., with data collection capability controlling remote communication rather than focusing on the communication between people. Development of smart solutions and new technologies of IoT in agriculture can pave the way to a new paradigm of farming called “Smart Agriculture” by making a fundamental change in all aspects of current practices. IoT-based Smart Agriculture can improve agricultural productivity with more food production through the optimal utilization of the basic resources, minimizing environmental impacts, reducing the costs, and increasing the incomes with linking to the business market that facilitates sustainable agricultural development goals. IoT-based data is a collection of large data called “Big Data” that cannot be processed and managed by traditional databases and conventional management tools. IoT and Big Data technologies are interconnected and it can be predicted that the future of optimal agriculture in the world would not be possible to meet the food demand and sustainability of production without these technologies and Smart Agriculture. This article introduces IoT and Big Data technologies, as well as the relationship between them from the vision of Smart Agriculture. Moreover, the article aims to assist in the decision-making of the strategy from the pre-production stage to the business marketing in the country by assessing life cycle and technology trends. Some of the big IoT data applications in the Smart Agriculture cycle are also introduced. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

161 - Using Internet Of Things Technology For Make Smart Tourism Attractions And Destinations
Khadije Kaveh Maryam Nekooeezade Moslem Alimohammadlo

10.52547/jstpi.20966.18.69.21

Given that tourism is one of the most important industries in the present era, the use of modern technologies to meet the needs of growth and development of this industry seems inevitable. On the other hand, today, in order to increase economic growth and job creation, More

Given that tourism is one of the most important industries in the present era, the use of modern technologies to meet the needs of growth and development of this industry seems inevitable. On the other hand, today, in order to increase economic growth and job creation, countries are looking for appropriate investments in their tourism. The Internet of Things is a modern and Smart technology that has led to the transformation and development of this industry by entering tourism. Many countries have moved towards using this modern and smart technology in their cities and tourism destinations and have been able to get good results from it, considering the investments they have made in this field. In this regard, the present study has been conducted with the aim of research on the use of IoT technology to smarten tourism attractions and destinations in the country. In this article, based on a review study and thematic analysis of research related to the Internet of Things in tourism and smart tourism destinations, as well as interviews with experts in the field of tourism and the Internet of Things, the most important applications of this smart technology in tourism achievements that help to make tourism attractions and destinations smarter. The findings can lead to the awareness of tourism activists who are familiar with this modern and Smart technology, as well as provide the necessary background to create the appropriate infrastructure for the implementation of this technology in tourism, as well as the program. Provide long-term and suitable investments to achieve this. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

162 - A Framework For Evaluation of Startups Ecosystem (case study : Ecosystem of Bushehr Province)
vida ranjbaran mehdi elyasi mehdi goodarzi

10.52547/jstpi.21020.18.70.12

One of the key concerns of policy-makers to help develop and improve new businesses to promote innovation and economic growth locally and nationally. But there are two important points in between First of all is what components need to come together to form ecosystem an More

One of the key concerns of policy-makers to help develop and improve new businesses to promote innovation and economic growth locally and nationally. But there are two important points in between First of all is what components need to come together to form ecosystem and do its best and Second, what should be the evaluation framework of these ecosystems in order to examine the activities of the actors of this ecosystem. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find a framework for better assessing the ecosystem of startups and helping the local economy. For this purpose, after reviewing the research background and using library studies, the initial framework was designed and the final framework was adjusted through interviews with relevant experts and implemented in a case study in Bushehr province. Finally a framework with 7 main components and 68 indices was developed. Examination of the mean of the main components showed that the mean of none of the factors was high and only the culture component was slightly above average. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

163 - Phenomenological explanation of branding components in art education topics and analysis of the gap between education and implementation areas
Haniyeh Jafariyan shahnaz nayebzadeh Abolfazl Davodiroknabadi Sayed Hassan hataminasab

The inability of empower art students to commercialize and branding of artistic achievements and the existence of a research vacuum to identify the components in the field of branding artistic achievements and the need to review the curriculum of these disciplines in or More

The inability of empower art students to commercialize and branding of artistic achievements and the existence of a research vacuum to identify the components in the field of branding artistic achievements and the need to review the curriculum of these disciplines in order to include some components and indicators in This field, has conducted a study with the aim of identifying the necessary components and indicators in the field of branding of art products and services and examining both current and desirable teaching situation in the educational topics of art universities. In terms of purpose this study is basic-applied, in terms of the type of data collected, is mixed, in terms of data collection method is descriptive and regarding implementation method, is a survey research. The statistical population was 6 academic and industrial experts in the qualitative section and university professors in art-related fields in the quantitative section. The sampling method in qualitative section was judgmental and in quantitative section was randomized cluster. A total of 54 questionnaires were completed and evaluated. The data collection tool in the qualitative section was interview and in the quantitative section was questionnaire. The results led to the identification of three general categories of branding parameters including behavioral, perceptual and functional parameters. According to the purpose of the study, behavioral parameters were quantitatively examined. Among the eight components in the behavioral parameters category of branding and a total of 63 indicators, there is a significant difference between the expected and current situation and there is a large gap between expectations and receipts in the components of branding. The result of Friedman ranking test reveals the existence of a significant difference in the mean rank of the importance of the behavioral parameter components in the expected and current situation, as well as the existence of differences and similarities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

164 - Social health, corruption on earth and war from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence and law
ali yazdani h0sein ahmari MOSTAFA RAJAEIPOUR

The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare corruption on earth and moharebeh in Islamic jurisprudence and law. Using descriptive-analytical method and collecting resources through the library method, while examining the concept and realm of moharebeh, forni More

The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare corruption on earth and moharebeh in Islamic jurisprudence and law. Using descriptive-analytical method and collecting resources through the library method, while examining the concept and realm of moharebeh, fornication and corruptor on earth in terms and jurisprudence Islami has examined the background, pillars and examples of these crimes in the previous laws and their developments in the new Islamic Penal Code. One of the obvious examples of corruption on earth is moharebeh, so that it may be a crime of corruption on earth but not moharebeh, but every moharebeh is corruption on earth, and on the other hand, the moharebeh mentioned in the Qur'an and jurisprudence. It is more about war against God and the Messenger of God (PBUH), but in the Islamic Penal Code, war is one of the crimes against public security and comfort. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

165 - The Right to Art and Identity for Children from the Perspective of Persian Poetic Texts (Poems by Hafez, Rumi, Saadi, Ferdowsi, etc.)
Shahriar Shadigou Fariba Parvaneh Mehri Toutounchian

In today's society, the issue of identity is a fundamental issue in childhood, because if we do not pay attention to it, the current and future generations will suffer from imbalance and confusion. The present study aims to investigate the right to art and identity for More

In today's society, the issue of identity is a fundamental issue in childhood, because if we do not pay attention to it, the current and future generations will suffer from imbalance and confusion. The present study aims to investigate the right to art and identity for children from the perspective of Persian poetic texts (poems of Hafez, Rumi, Saadi, Ferdowsi, etc.). The research method is qualitative analysis in the form of library and using the technique of taking notes and using theoretical sources and theory about children's identification According to the obtained results, it can be said that the identification of children in contexts such as family, society and education system is emerging, so its development depends on the development of these contexts. Therefore, when researchers address the issue of child identification, they provide the means for the development of individuals first and then for the development of society. Attention to the rights of children in various dimensions is also in the focus of attention of different societies and religions in the world, so that various laws in this field have always been approved by various organizations and institutions.. Recognizing a child's art, literature, and identity as fundamental rights has an important role in the process of forming his or her identity. Parents are the first and closest reference to the rights of children in all aspects of education and identification, and certainly an informed parent can provide the most and most useful help to his or her child. The study of art in Persian poetry also reveals the influence of art on human mental development, moral development and attention to physical dimension. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

166 - The Relationship between mental Security, Social support and Resiliency With Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the earthquake-affected adolescents In Sarapol-eZahab city
پروانه شجاعی مهر khodamorad momeni جهانگیر کرمی

The aim of the current study was to study the relationship between mental security, social support and resiliency with post tramatc stress disor. in the earthquake-affected adolescents In Sarapol-eZahab city. the population was the earthquake-affected adolescents in Sar More

The aim of the current study was to study the relationship between mental security, social support and resiliency with post tramatc stress disor. in the earthquake-affected adolescents In Sarapol-eZahab city. the population was the earthquake-affected adolescents in Sarapol-eZahab city. Thus, 130 student at sarpol-e zahab city girls and boys high schools were chosen by available sampling and Targeted with research topice as a sample. The research method, was Descriptive of the type correlation and the study tools included mental security logbook (Aminpour (2007) Retrieved from Maslow (1973), social support scale Sherborne and Stewart (1991), Conor & Davidson resiliency Scale (2003) and revised scale The events impact of the Weiss and Marmer (1997). The Data Was analyzed by using pearson correlation coefficient And stepwise regression analysis. Results revealed that, between mental Security Whit post-traumatic stress disorder, between social support and ptsd and between resiliency with ptsd there was a negative relationship. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

167 - The Relationship between Mental Security, Social Support and Resiliency with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Parvane Shojaeimehr Khodamorad Momeni Jahangir Karami

The aim of the current study was to study the the relationship between mental security, social support and resiliency with post traumatic stress disorder. Thus, 130 students in Sarpol-e Zahab city who were at high schools were chosen using convenient sampling method More

The aim of the current study was to study the the relationship between mental security, social support and resiliency with post traumatic stress disorder. Thus, 130 students in Sarpol-e Zahab city who were at high schools were chosen using convenient sampling method the sample was proportional to demographic share of each region. The research method, was descriptive and correlation, and the scales included were Mental Security Logbook (Aminpour-retrieved from Maslow, Social Support Scale Sherborne and Stewart, Conor & Davidson Resiliency Scale and revised scale The Events Impact of the Weiss and Marmer. The data was analyzed using pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results revealed that, there was a negative relationship between mental security with post-traumatic stress disorder, between social support and ptsd, and between resiliency with ptsd. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

168 - The psychometric properties of the quality of life questionnaire related to the health of Iranian adolescents with congenital heart disease
hassan erami hamidreza hassanabadi robabe noury Alireza Moradi Kourosh Vahidshahi

The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the quality of life questionnaire related to the health of Iranian adolescents with congenital heart disease. Participants were 180 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years with congenital heart disease and th More

The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the quality of life questionnaire related to the health of Iranian adolescents with congenital heart disease. Participants were 180 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years with congenital heart disease and their parents who referred to Shahid Rajaei Heart Hospital. Instruments were health-related quality of life questionnaire (PedsQL™) and general version quality of life questionnaire (PedsQL™) and general anxiety section of CSI-4 questionnaire. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data to evaluate the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The findings of factor analysis indicated 7 factors in the Adolescent Questionnaire and the Proxy Report Questionnaire. The Adolescent and Proxy Health Quality of Life Questionnaires have an acceptable validity in Iranian society and can be used to assess their quality of life. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

169 - Psychometric properties and confirmatory factor analysis of the Iranian version of Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS)
شادی حاج حسینی Ladan Fata Ali Fathi-Ashtiani

This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) in a sample of 208 Iranians. The convenience sampling method was employed to select individuals with smartphones living in Tehran. The participants completed the SAS and Yo More

This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) in a sample of 208 Iranians. The convenience sampling method was employed to select individuals with smartphones living in Tehran. The participants completed the SAS and Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Construct validity and convergence validity were employed to analyze the scale validity, whereas the retest method and Cronbach’s alpha were adopted to evaluate its reliability. According to the confirmatory factor analysis results of evaluating the construct validity and the SAS structure, the research data are consistent with the model. In other words, the fitting indices were within an appropriate range, and the SAS had a factor structure with six subscales. Therefore, the construct validity of the SAS was confirmed. Moreover, its convergence validity was confirmed with Young’s IAT (r= 0.75). The retest correlation coefficient (r= 0.93) and Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency (α= 0.92) confirmed the reliability of the scale. Therefore, the 33-item SAS had acceptable psychometric properties in six scales. It can be used as a valid and reliable tool to analyze an Iranian population. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

170 - Mediating role of differentiation of self in the causal relationship between depression and martial satisfaction in married women
Maryam Mardani Soodabeh Bassak Nejad Rerza Mansouri Koryani

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression and marital satisfaction with the mediating role of self-differentiation in women in Ahvaz. This descriptive-correlation research was conducted through structural equation modeling by multivari More

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression and marital satisfaction with the mediating role of self-differentiation in women in Ahvaz. This descriptive-correlation research was conducted through structural equation modeling by multivariate correlation method. 260 married women in Ahvaz in 1399 were selected by convenience sampling. The instruments used were Differentiation of Self Inventory (Skowron & Friedlander, 1998), Enrich martial Satisfaction Questionnaire (cited in Soleymanian, 1994) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data and bootstrap method was used to investigate the mediating effects. Structural equation modeling analyzes confirmed that the fit of the proposed model is appropriate. The results showed that depression syndrome directly affects the variable of marital satisfaction (p = 0.001) and also the results of indirect path analysis showed that depression syndrome through mediation of its differentiation and its subscales (emotional separation, Emotional reaction, my position and interaction with others) have been effective on marital satisfaction (p = 0.001). According to the obtained results, the discussion of differentiation seems necessary and familiarizing couples with this variable at the time of marriage leads to more satisfaction in marriage and their marital relationship. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

171 - A hermeneutical approach to Ode of Ivan Mada'in by Bahtari
DR abolfazl ghanizadeh

An artistic genre sends an overt or covert massage. The apparent structure of text creates a message based on the ethical and mental interests of the reader. The search of meaning in every unwritten word helps understanding the work. Accordingly, considering the histori More

An artistic genre sends an overt or covert massage. The apparent structure of text creates a message based on the ethical and mental interests of the reader. The search of meaning in every unwritten word helps understanding the work. Accordingly, considering the historical atmosphere, hermeneutics deals with the author, text and reader and determines the aesthetical types of the text. This article employs hermeneutics to interpret the aesthetic aspects of Ode of Ivan Mada'in by Bahtari. As hermeneutics is a new topic in linguistics and Persian literature, there is no previous study on the area. This study might provide a platform for future scholars and needless to say, the efforts of other scholars would give way to deeper insight. As hermeneutics is a new topic in linguistics and Persian literature, there is no previous study on the area. This study might provide a platform for future scholars and needless to say, the efforts of other scholars would give way to deeper insight. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

172 - Analysis of The elements of story the novel of "The Burnt Earth" by Ahmad Mahmoud
Ali Azizi ziba qalavandi seydhamzeh abedi

Ahmad Mahmoud is one of the contemporary novelists that according the geographical location of his life who has touched the war and its events closely. He strives to highlight the problems of the war-torn people. The theme of this novel is clarifying the difficulties th More

Ahmad Mahmoud is one of the contemporary novelists that according the geographical location of his life who has touched the war and its events closely. He strives to highlight the problems of the war-torn people. The theme of this novel is clarifying the difficulties that have happened to the war-torn people. This library research has tried to analysis the elements of the story the "burnt earth" novel by Ahmad Mahmoud. View Angle is the first singular person that is expressed in the language of the main character. This novel is dealt with the story of the early months of the war and the events that took place in Ahwaz. Characters are less important than incidents and events and are marginized in this novel. The dialogues in this novel are suited to the social classes of people. The tone is serious and free from any jokes. The setting of the novel is also accompanied by fear and intimidation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

173 - Relationship between the Parthian Kings and the Kayani heroes
mostafa seadat

Some investigators are believed that a group of Kayani’s hero are Parthian kings (or princes) who have come to Iranian national stories. The purpose of the present article is investigating whether some of the Parthians changed from king to heroes. The change should be o More

Some investigators are believed that a group of Kayani’s hero are Parthian kings (or princes) who have come to Iranian national stories. The purpose of the present article is investigating whether some of the Parthians changed from king to heroes. The change should be occurred in the time of Parthians and Sassanids. If the changes had been occurred in the Parthians era, persons who entered the stories, must had a tremendous popularity among the people. These changes should be cause of increase the attractiveness of the stories. In the history, some of the Parthians kings which some investigators have been believed they changed to epic heroes, do not show any courage for the cultural development of the country, their actions are not logical and governed by justice and humanity. These changes cannot be related to the Sasanian era. We do not know any Parthian king and prince who had been so popular that the Sasanians had not succeeded in brushing him out of collective memory. If there was a very popular person, it is unacceptable that the Sassanians have allowed him to enter the national stories. Name is a tool for identifying people. There is no reason why the names of ordinary people with kings and hero cannot be identical, and it is not strange that a name be popular for a long time. Despite the fact that the heroes of the Kayani era can have historical reality, they are not equally to persons of the Parthian period. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

174 - Editor's Note
Zohreh Hosaini Khamenei

Sardar Soleimani School of love School of Martyrdom

Sardar Soleimani School of love School of Martyrdom Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

175 - Place of the Art of Dialectic in the Program of “Philosophy and Children”: An Explanation
Ali Asghar Jafari Valani Mahya Mehrjedi

The concept of philosophy is closely intertwined with the concept of intellectualization. Moreover, the way of transmitting thought from the realm of subject to the realm of object has been the inevitable concern of thinkers. A question may arise in our mind as to how c More

The concept of philosophy is closely intertwined with the concept of intellectualization. Moreover, the way of transmitting thought from the realm of subject to the realm of object has been the inevitable concern of thinkers. A question may arise in our mind as to how can we express our ideas so that to be perceivable to the lovers of philosophy? On the one hand, the technique of choosing proper terms, the way of chapter wising and referring to philosophical ideas, all acknowledge the close relationship between art and philosophy. On the other hand, in the program of “philosophy and children” the way of developing stories and rising questions as well as the style of speaking of teachers indicate the use of a kind of art in this field. Dialectic or conversation in the program of “philosophy and children” is one of the basic principles and if we succeed to apply exactly the art of dialectic to attain exact definitions of philosophical concepts then we can concede our relative success in implementing this program. The present work, by reviewing the pattern of critical thinking and giving a brief account of the program of “philosophy and children”, intents to explain the place of the art of dialectic in the program of “philosophy and children”. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

176 - A Study of the Principles of an Approach for Promoting Children Perception of Environment through Environmental Art
Faezeh Hasani Helm

Today, a modern and strategic approach has come out for teaching the environmental concepts to the children which is based on environmental art. The aim of this approach is to turn the environmental crisis into a thoughtful discourse for deepening our understanding, imp More

Today, a modern and strategic approach has come out for teaching the environmental concepts to the children which is based on environmental art. The aim of this approach is to turn the environmental crisis into a thoughtful discourse for deepening our understanding, improving the techniques, nourishing our feeling and sentiments in order to have a different and fresh view towards the relationship between man and environment. The present article proceeds to study the principles of various solutions through which we can apply it to environmental art which leads to the enhancement of environmental understanding of children. Accordingly, the present work follows a descriptive- analytic method according to which the role of art creations and researches in nature will be used to promote the environmental awareness of children. The findings of this work indicate that environmental art by establishing easy relationship with the audiences by taking into account the objective, empirical, and reflective consideration can turn out to be a suitable method for children in their approach towards the environment. One of the main features of this approach is that it is based on visual, symbolic and conceptual method of environmental art versus mere scientific method of certain approaches. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

177 - The Sociological Study of the Implications of Cultural the Apartments Life in Iran (Stressing Tehran)

Coincide with the development of modern urban life and to bring one's own culture in community life, culture and traditional life has undergone many change and evolution in come. Development of appartement,s life as an important symbols and indication of new urban life More

Coincide with the development of modern urban life and to bring one's own culture in community life, culture and traditional life has undergone many change and evolution in come. Development of appartement,s life as an important symbols and indication of new urban life, with its cultural implications of intentionally or unintentionally income a lot. This may suggest a positive from the perspective of us or not, but what is definite this kind of life, a lot of impact in the sphere of the culture of the people's lives from the apartment, sometimes accepted by some segments of society is also. This research sought to explain the cultural implications of community life apartment life. In part of theoretical basics, the most important principles of the different schools of scholars studied sociology. In this study, the method of collection, and the questionnaire using the likert range has been formulated, is used. For the analysis of the findings as well as SPSS software was used Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

178 - Legal frameworks for mass financing of start-ups and providing a technological model to address its challenges: requirements and policies
Mahdi Naser hamide zaree

Collectively financing start-ups and startups is one way to develop a country's economic system. This mechanism takes place in four forms based on donation, reward, loan and stock, the most common of which is stock-based financing. The main question of the present stud More

Collectively financing start-ups and startups is one way to develop a country's economic system. This mechanism takes place in four forms based on donation, reward, loan and stock, the most common of which is stock-based financing. The main question of the present study is what are the challenges of implementing the collective financing process in a financial system and what can be the role of technology in providing useful solutions to solve these challenges? The present study describes the qualitative research method and the method of collecting documentary information. This mechanism faces three main challenges of transparency, maintaining the security of information exchange and storage, and protecting the privacy of individuals. The solution is to implement decentralized platforms in one country. However, this process requires some legislative and executive policies, including the granting of digital signatures, the validation of virtual currencies and the mechanism for extracting and exchanging these currencies, the adoption of comprehensive laws on the provision of general legal dimensions related to collecting, processing and storing private information and awareness. It's part of the people. In order to explain the mentioned topics, the present study in three speeches first explains the nature of the types of collective financing and its implementation mechanism and then expresses monitoring and support measures, challenges and technological solutions to solve the challenges of implementing this mechanism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

179 - Researching into Equity Based Crowdfunding model for start-ups and micro-enterprises in Iranian economy
Hossein Hasanzadeh sarvestani vahid nekouei Mohammad soleimani

One of the main challenges for start-ups and micro-enterprises in the Iranian economy is how to finance; Therefore, several attempts have been made to introduce financial tools and institutions to address this challenge. The expansion of electronic and social networks, More

One of the main challenges for start-ups and micro-enterprises in the Iranian economy is how to finance; Therefore, several attempts have been made to introduce financial tools and institutions to address this challenge. The expansion of electronic and social networks, as well as the development of the Web2, has facilitated the attraction of micro-capital through public; One of the financing solutions for start-ups and micro-enterprises is to use the equity based crowdfunding model. The present article uses a descriptive-analytical method to investigate the model of equity based crowdfunding to solve the problem of initial financing of start-ups and micro enterprises in the Iranian economy. The purpose of this article is to extract the operational model of equity based crowdfunding and to review the necessary measures to promote this model in the Iranian economy; The results of this study show that the equity based crowdfunding model is more complex than other methods of crowdfunding and due to its important application in supporting start-up businesses as well as the growth and importance of this model to attract public capital, a set of advance Structural needs such as credit rating working group, comprehensive information system and monitoring and evaluation working group should be provided and necessary measures such as formulating appropriate laws and regulations and designing a precise operational process to promote the equity based crowdfunding model in the country should be considered. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

180 - The Relation between Rural Woman 's Trust in MENARID Projects and their Participation in Future Empowerment Projects: Experience of Kermashah Province
shahpar geravandi Susan Noorbakhsh

Previous experience in development project and trust their building has always played a major role in local people's participation in future rural development projects. Nevertheless, planners and policy makers often neglect such experiences and implement development pro More

Previous experience in development project and trust their building has always played a major role in local people's participation in future rural development projects. Nevertheless, planners and policy makers often neglect such experiences and implement development programs in areas with negative experience. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis of a significant relationship between rural woman's trust in MENARID projects and their participation in future empowerment projects in Kermanshah Provinc. For this purpose, a descriptive cross-sectional descriptive survey method was used and information was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The study population was women involved in the Menarid Project (N = 270), 160 of whom were studied using simple random sampling. In this study, simple linear regression coefficient using SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data. According to the findings, the Menarid project has been able to build moderate to high trust in rural women. The results of Pearson correlation between the two variables of trust and participation indicate that the two variables have a positive and significant correlation and 54% of the changes in the dependent variable of participation in future empowerment projects are explained by trust in previous projects. Finally, suggestions were made to planners and officials. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

181 - A Historical Study of the Origins of the Problem of Method in Western Philosophy and its Reflection on the Methodologies of Descartes and Spinoza
Hossein Saberi Varzaneh

The present paper deals with the background and causes of the rise of the problem of method and its importance in the 17th century, particularly, in Descartes and Spinoza. The criticisms advanced against the different aspects of Aristotelian philosophy (such as the disc More

The present paper deals with the background and causes of the rise of the problem of method and its importance in the 17th century, particularly, in Descartes and Spinoza. The criticisms advanced against the different aspects of Aristotelian philosophy (such as the discussion of the universals, the re-emergence of Pyrrhonian skepticism, functionalism in sciences, and the development of exact sciences) wavered the foundations of previous philosophical schools and gave rise to discussions regarding the criteria for the truth and the correct methods of thinking. As a result, some logicians such as Zabarella and Eutyches decided to revise Aristotelian logic and began speaking of methods of analysis and synthesis, definition processes, and the cohesion and coherence of matters of discussion. Following the same tradition and, of course, under the influence of Aristotle’s critics, Descartes and Spinoza advocated the geometric method of analysis and synthesis. In this way, they tried to provide a guarantee for the truth of their words and transform the infertility of the Aristotelian categorical syllogism into an invaluable, fertile, and methodic kind of thinking. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

182 - Background of the Cartesian Distinction in Islamic Philosophy and Kalam
Mahdi Assadi

This paper intends to demonstrate that the traces of the epistemological criterion for Cartesian distinction existed previously in Islamic philosophy and kalam. Hence, the writer initially refers to Descartes’ views and follows their traces in the ideas of early Muslim More

This paper intends to demonstrate that the traces of the epistemological criterion for Cartesian distinction existed previously in Islamic philosophy and kalam. Hence, the writer initially refers to Descartes’ views and follows their traces in the ideas of early Muslim scholars. Then he refers to the views of some Muslim thinkers such as Fakhr al-Din Razi, ‘Allamah Hilli, Taftazani, and Mulla Sadra, who were already involved in this discussion more than others and propounded more solid and plausible theories in this regard. They have sometimes reviewed the same informed theories critically before some of the critiques of Descartes. In this way, the author reveals that Islamic thinkers’ interpretation of the Cartesian distinction is closer to Hume’s more solid interpretation of this notion than to that of Descartes himself. Hume states that clarity and distinction result in possible existence rather than the very existence of the researchers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

183 - Misbah’s Critical Study and Critique of Descartes’ Theory of the Process and Structure of Knowledge
Hesam al-Din Mo’meni

Whenever reference is made to the process and structure of gaining knowledge, one may argue that the possibility of gaining it is rooted in one’s destiny. In fact, if someone absolutely doubts or has some suspicions concerning the possibility of gaining knowledge, he ca More

Whenever reference is made to the process and structure of gaining knowledge, one may argue that the possibility of gaining it is rooted in one’s destiny. In fact, if someone absolutely doubts or has some suspicions concerning the possibility of gaining knowledge, he can never portray its process and structure. Given the fact that Descartes accepts the possibility of knowledge, the question is which strategies, processes, and stages he proposes for a knower to gain knowledge. Here, he appeals to intuition and inference and asks God not to deceive him. In his study and critique of Descartes’ theory of the process of knowledge, Misbah maintains that it is wrong to assume that the existence of nothing is as clear and certain as the existence of doubt, and even the existence of the skeptic has to be proved through the existence of doubt. He also rejects the innate ideas intended by Descartes. In this paper, the writers have explained Descartes’ theory of the process and structure of knowledge and reviewed it critically from Misbah’s point of view. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

184 - Historical Development of Approaches to the Problem of Essential Accidents: From Mulla Sadra to Muhaqqiq Rashti
Moosa Malayeri

The present paper deals with one of the most important and complicated epistemological problems targeted by Muslim philosophers, that is, determining the referents and realm of essential accidents. The main question here is whether accidents are considered to be essenti More

The present paper deals with one of the most important and complicated epistemological problems targeted by Muslim philosophers, that is, determining the referents and realm of essential accidents. The main question here is whether accidents are considered to be essential through the more particular. In this historical study, the writer examines the development of the various theories regarding this problem over three centuries (1050-1312 AH) and then reports and evaluates the solutions suggested by four of the most prominent theoreticians of this historical period. To this end, he initially explores Mulla Sadra’s solution, which is based on the necessity of distinguishing between particular accidents and accidents through the more particular. Then he discusses the view of Hossein Khwansari, who, after criticizing Mulla Sadra’s theory and acknowledging its weakness in solving the problem, presents his own theory of juristic preference and consensus in determining territories and setting boundaries between sciences. Later the writer deals with the views of Mulla Mehdi Naraqi, who accepts a part of Mulla Sadra’s theory but solves some parts of the problem using a different method. Naraqi’s method necessitates the screening of sciences and extracting some problems from the domains of related sciences. Finally, the writer focuses on the last character of this period, Mirza Habibullah Rashti. He was a capable fundamentalist who enriched this discussion more than ever before in the light of his own profound insight and increased the accuracy of the technical language used to describe the problem. Although he benefitted from the words of other thinkers, he did not accept the solution of any of the preceding philosophers in its totality. He believed that the scholars working in each field are allowed to discuss the related scientific problems within the borderlines of their own knowledge as long as no specific sciences have been devised for investigating them. This view, as explained in the body of the paper, is quite compatible with the apriori-historical approach to the development of various disciplines. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

185 - Heidegger’s Interpretation of Anaximander’s Arche, Participation, and Time
Ghasem Purhassan Mehrdad Ahmadi

Heidegger believed that a metaphysical conceptualization of the relationship between identity and difference is not original and maintained that such negligence is rooted in the fact that metaphysics has forgotten “difference as such” as pure unfoldedness. In his view, More

Heidegger believed that a metaphysical conceptualization of the relationship between identity and difference is not original and maintained that such negligence is rooted in the fact that metaphysics has forgotten “difference as such” as pure unfoldedness. In his view, the Greeks had a clearer image of the above-mentioned relationship. In his interpretation of Anaximander’s view, Heidegger demonstrates that, while viewing all being as a whole, Anaximander does not ignore the differences among them. Based on Heidegger’s interpretation, through introducing apeiron and time as two fundamental elements, Anaximander managed to have an early encounter with the relationship between identity and difference. Heidegger called this relationship “participation” and maintained that this concept can lead one to fundamental difference. This is because, unlike metaphysical theories, it does not depend on external elements, upon which correlation relies; rather, it depends on the being of beings. Apeiron and time open the door to a pure space in the unfoldedness of which beings find their essence and, at the same time, depend so much on each other that the whole is created based on their mutual relation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

186 - Elements and Place of the Concept of Techne in Greek Ancient Philosophy with Reference to Heidegger’s View
Hassan Mehrnia Hossein Latifi Mahdi Zakeri

One of the significant and influential aspects of the philosophy of technology is the historical background of the concepts related to this field in the words of the writers and thinkers of ancient Greece. Among such concepts, the concept of techne, in the sense of tech More

One of the significant and influential aspects of the philosophy of technology is the historical background of the concepts related to this field in the words of the writers and thinkers of ancient Greece. Among such concepts, the concept of techne, in the sense of technique, industry, or art, and its place in ancient Greek works is of greater importance. Martin Heidegger was one of the first thinkers who conceived of the study of the concept of techne in ancient Greece as the introduction of a distinct perception of modern technology and held a particular view in this regard. Through the study of three groups of Greek texts, the present paper initially aims to trace the main elements of the concept of techne in the view of ancient Greek writers and thinkers. Second, through investigating Heidegger’s view, it intends to reintroduce the core of his analysis of this problem. Finally, it demonstrates that, firstly, techne is a rich concept, which, given its various elements, was so attractive to Greek thinkers that they used it in their philosophical discussions; secondly, its main elements have been repeated during ancient periods. However, in some periods, due to the existing conditions and views of different thinkers, some of its elements have become more foregrounded. The writers also conclude that reducing the complicated and multi-dimensional concept of techne into a general element does not appear to be correct and accurate. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

187 - Epistemological Functions of Mimesis in Thomas Aquinas
Afra Khakzad Hadi Rabiei Mohammad Akvan

Thomas Aquinas, who was inspired with Aristotle’s philosophy in developing some of his views, followed his path in considering art as a kind of imitation. However, the concept of imitation for him was not a purely Aristotelian one; rather, it was also influenced by the More

Thomas Aquinas, who was inspired with Aristotle’s philosophy in developing some of his views, followed his path in considering art as a kind of imitation. However, the concept of imitation for him was not a purely Aristotelian one; rather, it was also influenced by the viewpoints of some thinkers such as Augustine and Pseudo-Dionysios the Areopagite. He employed mimesis in the texture of Christian theological discussions as well as in relation to the issues related to the metaphorical language of holy texts. Therefore, the concept of mimesis in Aquinas’ view was faced with an epistemological dilemma. On the one hand, it could result in both anxiety and relaxation in addressees or perhaps, through affecting their imagination, distract them from the path of rationality. On the other hand, it seems that the language of the Holy Book, which has been written for leading its addressees to the path of intellection and religiosity, shares the same features of the language of artistic works. Different types of mimesis have been used in the Holy Book and, more importantly, the relationship between the world of being and God is explained there on the basis of the concept of mimesis or imitation. In this paper, through analyzing the views of Aquinas and his references to such philosophers as Aristotle, Augustine, and Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, the authors try to provide a clear explanation of the concept of mimesis and the epistemological functions of artistic imitation in Thomism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

188 - A Critique of Innate Ideas in Descartes’ Philosophy Based on Sadrian Principles
Maryam Samadieh عبدالرزاق حسامی فر

Descartes believed in the existence of innate ideas in human beings. He maintained that the idea of God is the most important of such ideas which He, similar to a dexterous craftsman, has imprinted on our primordial nature (fitrah). The interpreters of Cartesian philoso More

Descartes believed in the existence of innate ideas in human beings. He maintained that the idea of God is the most important of such ideas which He, similar to a dexterous craftsman, has imprinted on our primordial nature (fitrah). The interpreters of Cartesian philosophy have adopted various methods to interpret the place of innate ideas in Descartes’ philosophy. Based on one of these interpretations, these ideas potentially exist and are present in the soul prior to experiencing them, and their appearance and actuality comes after their sense perception. However, based on another interpretation, the innateness of ideas does not necessarily indicate their permanent presence in the mind as, in this case, no idea can ever be innate. Rather, it means that we are capable of creating such ideas and can perceive their truth through sufficient mental and rational contemplation and needless of the knowledge acquired through the senses. It seems that the first interpretation conforms more to Descartes’ own view as to the potential existence and presence of such ideas. Accordingly, it is inferred that the existence of innate ideas in its Cartesian sense is not consistent with Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophical principles because he denies the existence of any kind of concept and judgement prior to experiencing them in the mind. Moreover, based on Sadrian principles, the human soul is a corporeal substance void of any kind of concept and judgement at the beginning of its creation, but it gradually develops through its trans-substantial motion until it reaches the level of intellectual immateriality. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

189 - Explanation of the causes of the earthquake in Avicenna’s works and his impact on Qutb-al-Din Shirazi and Shirvani
Mir Hamid Hashemi Lashenloo Arash Mousavi

Some of the Iranian-Muslim scholars, including Avicenna, have written about the earthquake and what causes it to happen. The study is attempted to explain the views of Avicenna, Qutb-al-Din Shirazi and Mohammad Hassan Shirvani on why and how the earthquake would happen. More

Some of the Iranian-Muslim scholars, including Avicenna, have written about the earthquake and what causes it to happen. The study is attempted to explain the views of Avicenna, Qutb-al-Din Shirazi and Mohammad Hassan Shirvani on why and how the earthquake would happen. Following the Aristotle, Avicenna and even his followers, provided natural explanations for the earthquake. To explain the main cause of the earthquake, These books referred to a natural breath within the earth pushing the surface out. The study concluded that most Muslim scholars, following Avicenna, tended to use the natural factors on explanation of the natural phenomena, including earthquake; Thus they used a so-called scientific methodology to explain it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

190 - An Analysis of the Meaning and Concept of Spiritual Health in Psychology and Mulla Sadra’s Philosophical Doctrines
Abbas Ahmadi Saadi

The concept of spirituality as opposed to materiality and the material world constitutes the main principle of all revealed and non-revealed religions. True existence is spiritual in all religions. Spirituality means having great faith in the existence of transcendent a More

The concept of spirituality as opposed to materiality and the material world constitutes the main principle of all revealed and non-revealed religions. True existence is spiritual in all religions. Spirituality means having great faith in the existence of transcendent and supernatural truths, which, in Mulla Sadra’s view, have their origin in the unique existence of Almighty Truth. Such a belief grants a specific color and direction to human behaviors and various angles of life, so that individuals will never consider their own being or that of others and the world to be in vain. Rather, it fills them with a pleasant feeling of satisfaction. This concept is not limited to the holy doctrines of a specific religion in psychology, and it is not opposed in this field, either. Based on the principles of his Transcendent Philosophy regarding psychology and the mutual body-soul relation, Mulla Sadra believes that behaviors, physical acts, sciences, and human awareness exercise a profound influence over the human soul and spirit and finally determine their fate in the process of the trans-substantial motion and becoming. Accordingly, one’s spiritual and inner health depends on their awareness and behavior. The science of psychology, particularly humanistic psychology, greatly emphasizes the critical role of spirituality in organizing individuals’ life, character, and behavior. According to some existentialist psychologists, such as Frankl and Jung, mental or spiritual health comprises one of the important elements of a healthy personality. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

191 - Formalization of Knowledge and its Effect on the Theory of Imitative Images: An Analytic-Descriptive Study of Farabi’s Thought
Ebrahim Bazargani

According to Farabi, knowledge means the acquisition of form by the mind or the intellect. He also considers the idea of imitative images as an artistic theory which an artist employs in creating images. Therefore, “from” is the link connecting Farabi’s epistemological More

According to Farabi, knowledge means the acquisition of form by the mind or the intellect. He also considers the idea of imitative images as an artistic theory which an artist employs in creating images. Therefore, “from” is the link connecting Farabi’s epistemological and philosophical-artistic theories; without the existence of form, neither will knowledge be realized, nor imitative images will gain perfection. In this paper, the writer has tried to discover the relationship between Farabi’s epistemological and artistic theories following an analytic-descriptive method. In doing so, he considers the items listed below to be the most significant purpose that can be followed given their logical order in Farabi’s philosophy: 1) Attaining the theory of knowledge 2) Discovering the theory of imitative images and disclosing the content of this theory 3) Understanding the relationship between these two theories 4) Demonstrating that the theory of imitative images is purely based on the formalistic theory of knowledge Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

192 - The Relationship between Existence and Quiddity in the Transcendent Philosophy
Maqsud Mohammadi

The kind of the relationship between existence and quiddity in the Transcendent Philosophy has been propounded in the discussions on the principiality of existence and the mentally-posited nature of quiddity. Mulla Sadra has explained this relationship in two ways. On t More

The kind of the relationship between existence and quiddity in the Transcendent Philosophy has been propounded in the discussions on the principiality of existence and the mentally-posited nature of quiddity. Mulla Sadra has explained this relationship in two ways. On the one hand, he argues that existence is originally and essentially realized, and quiddity is realized by accident and through the mediation of existence, with which it is eventually united. On the other hand, he believes that it is only “existence” which is objectively realized, and quiddity never steps into the realm of existence and is merely a mentally-posited affair which the intellect abstracts from existence. These two apparently different interpretations seem to have created a confusion among the researchers in this field. That is why some of them have accused him of contradiction, and some others have tried to justify this contradiction in a way. However, a reference to Mulla Sadra’s collection of works makes it clear that these two interpretations are not contradictory. When he states that existence and quiddity are realized by essence and by accident, respectively, he is referring to the nature of the existent, and when he negates the existence and realization of quiddity, he is referring to quiddity in separation from existence. In this paper, the writer has tried to clarify this point by reference to the works of Mulla Sadra himself. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

193 - An Analysis and Evaluation of the Principles and Arguments of the Particular Gradation of Being
Esmat Hemmaty Esmat Hemmaty

The particular gradation of the reality of being is one of the important bases of the Transcendent Philosophy. After proving it, Mulla Sadra demonstrated and explained some other problems such as the unity of being in its multiplicity, the trans-substantial motion, the More

The particular gradation of the reality of being is one of the important bases of the Transcendent Philosophy. After proving it, Mulla Sadra demonstrated and explained some other problems such as the unity of being in its multiplicity, the trans-substantial motion, the argument of the righteous, and some other peripheral problems based on this principle. Early logicians and philosophers had accepted the conceptual unity of being in the sense that the concept of being is predicated on dissimilar referents, and that the referents of being differ from each other in terms of priority and posteriority, strength and weakness, quantity, and precedence and succession. Mulla Sadra proved that the reality of being, in its unity and essence, is the origin of all effects including these graded differences. Accordingly, being is a graded reality one grade of which is the Necessary Being, and the other grades of which, from the first emanated to the hyle, are the individuals and grades of the same reality. The present paper explores the historical background of the discussion of gradation as viewed by Ibn Sina and Suhrawardi. In doing so, through a brief examination of the arguments of each of these two philosophers, it focuses on Mulla Sadra’s judgment between them and then inquires into the basic principles of the discussion of gradation, that is, univocality and principiality of existence, and examines Mulla Sadra’s arguments for the demonstration of gradation. Finally, based on a rational and analytic defense of the standpoint of the Transcendent Philosophy in this regard, the authors have tried to respond to some of the objections to Mulla Sadra’s principles and arguments in relation to the gradation of being. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

194 - Transformation of the Problem of “the Universal and the Particular” in Mulla Sadra’s Philosophy of Principiality of Existence
Mohammad Hosseinzadeh

One of the logical discussions which undergoes serious changes by accepting the principiality of existence is the problem of “the universal and the particular”. In the light of the principiality of existence and its ramifications, Mulla Sadra transformed the theory of a More

One of the logical discussions which undergoes serious changes by accepting the principiality of existence is the problem of “the universal and the particular”. In the light of the principiality of existence and its ramifications, Mulla Sadra transformed the theory of all philosophers in this regard and reconstructed this problem in accordance to the principles of his own ontological philosophy. In his view, the criterion for universality is the intellectual existence, and the criterion for particularity is the particular, physical, and ideal existence. The known has to be abstracted from the particular, physical, and ideal existence in order to reach the level of universality. This abstraction is a truth different from the superficial abstract of other philosophers and can be called “promotional abstraction”. Mulla Sadra believes that the famous problem of the “gathering of universality and particularity” cannot be resolved based on the principles of other philosophers, whereas it is possible to do so on the basis of his philosophy. Moreover, he maintains that commonality means the ontological relation of an intellectual existent to individuals and not the potential presence of quiddity in them. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

195 - Manifestation of Sadrian Philosophy in Islamic Architecture
Behrooz ‘Avazpoor Bahman Namvar Motlagh Saina Mohammadi Khabazan

Mulla Sadra’s philosophical thoughts profoundly influenced the development of art, in general, and the architecture of his time, in particular. Therefore, it seems necessary to carefully examine and discuss his ideas and theories in this regard in order to have a better More

Mulla Sadra’s philosophical thoughts profoundly influenced the development of art, in general, and the architecture of his time, in particular. Therefore, it seems necessary to carefully examine and discuss his ideas and theories in this regard in order to have a better and more accurate understanding of the art and architecture of that period. Since the concept of imagination plays a basic role in the definition of Islamic art from the point of view of Mulla Sadra and other Islamic philosophers and gnostics, in this paper the writers firstly deal with a part of his philosophy that explains this concept. Following this, they will refer to the role and place of imagination in art works in their general sense and explore the actualization of such works in the field of architecture, particularly, those of the Safavid era. Imagination plays such a central role in this discussion that one can define Islamic art in its general sense as the manifestation of an intelligible matter in a sensible one through active imagination. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

196 - An Introspective Analysis of Faith in Mulla Sadra’s Interpretation of the Qur’an
Seyyed Muhammed Kazem ‘Alavi

Although faith constitutes the core of religious discussions, it holds its specific place in interpretive and kalami-philosophical discussions, and different scholars have dealt with it from different perspectives. Mulla Sadra also tackled the central problem of faith i More

Although faith constitutes the core of religious discussions, it holds its specific place in interpretive and kalami-philosophical discussions, and different scholars have dealt with it from different perspectives. Mulla Sadra also tackled the central problem of faith in his interpretation. He founded his philosophical system, the Transcendent Philosophy, based on a thorough examination of various Islamic philosophical trends. However, in his interpretation, he was in a better position to provide a comprehensive view of this topic. The analysis of faith in Mulla Sadra’s interpretation manifests his transcendent approach. Here, the writer explores Mulla Sadra’s methodology in this regard. Given the kalami origin of the problem of faith, Mulla Sadra initially examines various kalami and religious views of this issue based on three kalami features: assent by heart, verbal affirmation, and practical action. From among them, he only sees assent by heart as a factor involved in the nature of faith. At the final stage, he presents a fundamental and transcendent analysis of faith in which he considers it an introspective truth and treats it like other inner affairs. This analysis consists of four parts: In the first one, faith is examined with respect to three areas of knowledge, state, and practice. In the second and third parts, by separating the two “initiation” and “return” processes, he explores the quality of the successive order of these two processes with regard to each other and acknowledges the superiority of the process of return and, as a result, knowledge. At the final stage, he distinguishes “transactive knowledge” from “unveiled knowledge” and considers the acquisition of unveiled knowledge as the main purpose of knowledge seekers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

197 - Mulla Sadra: From General Gradation to Particular Oneness
Abdolali Shokr Morteza Hamedi

The term “gradation” was used first in logical discussions. Later some thinkers such as Ibn Sina and Suhrawardi employed it in the realm of philosophy as well. A study of the collection of Ibn Sina’s works indicates that he only treaded on the path of general gradation. More

The term “gradation” was used first in logical discussions. Later some thinkers such as Ibn Sina and Suhrawardi employed it in the realm of philosophy as well. A study of the collection of Ibn Sina’s works indicates that he only treaded on the path of general gradation. Suhrawardi, who paved the way for particular gradation in Mulla Sadra’s philosophy, considered existence to be mentally-posited. Thus he turned to gradation in essence and quiddity; a theory which was not accepted by Mulla Sadra and Peripatetic philosophers. If principiality, unity, and gradation of existence constitute the three main pillars of the Transcendent Philosophy, particular gradation and particularly particular gradation complete the Sadrian school of philosophy and signify the peak of its excellence. Mulla Sadra initially proposed particular gradation in order to reject general gradation and the theory of the difference of beings. Then he tried to provide a new interpretation for it in comparison to the Illuminationist particular gradation. While rejecting this kind of gradation and through being inspired by gnostic thoughts and the revealed Qur’anic verses, he introduced a particularly particular gradation to justify the multiplicity of existents and provide a new interpretation of oneness which is in line with gnostic oneness. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

198 - Particular Gradation of Being in the View of Aqa Ali Mudarres and its Difference from other Kinds of Particular Gradation
Seyyed Shahriyar Kamali Sabziwari

In the Transcendent Philosophy, the basis of particular gradation is the return of the shared element to the distinguishing factor. This is a general rule and criterion for particular gradation, based on which at least three types of such gradation can be defined. In th More

In the Transcendent Philosophy, the basis of particular gradation is the return of the shared element to the distinguishing factor. This is a general rule and criterion for particular gradation, based on which at least three types of such gradation can be defined. In the first type, plurality dominates oneness so that all beings and plural things in the world merely share the aspect of being in existence. In the next type, oneness dominates plurality so that all the multiple beings of the world comprise the stages of a single being. The third type of particular gradation is midway between the other two types. Based on the particular gradation discussed by Aqa Ali Mudarres in the book of Bidayah al-hikam, oneness dominates plurality among possible multiple beings because all of them comprise the different grades of a single and absolute being. However, between the Almighty Necessary and the collection of possible multiple things, it is plurality which dominates oneness. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

199 - Place of Certainty in Five Arts in Farabi’s View
Fattaneh Tavanapanah

Farabi attends to certainty in all the five-fold arts of logic in some way. Certainty is either essential or direct in an argument, while it is either accidental or indirect in other arts. In the art of dialectics, the well-known propositions for presenting dialectical More

Farabi attends to certainty in all the five-fold arts of logic in some way. Certainty is either essential or direct in an argument, while it is either accidental or indirect in other arts. In the art of dialectics, the well-known propositions for presenting dialectical affirmations are employed in order to attain certain knowledge. In the art of sermon, certainty is emphasized in the form of satisfactory affirmation in proportion to the addressee’s level of perception and as the framework of sermon-related activities and the criterion for quality control. In the art of poetry, imaginal matters are related to certainty in terms of concept and judgment. Fallacy is also related to certainty through using pseudo-propositions, such as pseudo-certainties in two positive and negative dimensions. Therefore, the place of certainty in each of the dialectical, rhetorical, poetic, and fallacious structures is of great significance, and one can observe an instrumental relationship between these four arts and the argument. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

200 - The Relationship between Poetry and Logic in Ibn Sina
Ebrahim Bazargani

In the view of Muslim philosophers, the art of poetry not only enjoys a logical nature in Islamic philosophy but also constitutes the basis of the philosophy of art. One of the important questions in the realms of poetry and logic addresses the reason for exploring poet More

In the view of Muslim philosophers, the art of poetry not only enjoys a logical nature in Islamic philosophy but also constitutes the basis of the philosophy of art. One of the important questions in the realms of poetry and logic addresses the reason for exploring poetry as a part of the nine-part logic and then abandoning it in two-part logics and being content with a minimum study of this art by Ibn Sina under the title of imaginal matters (mukhayyalat). Ibn Sina does not follow a consistent process in this regard in his various works and gradually leaves aside certain parts, including the art of poetry. This paper aims to investigate the methodological relationship between logic and poetry based on their definitions and, then, examine and clarify Ibn Sina’s strategies for joining poetry to logic. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

201 - A Review of Love as an Influential Factor in Man’s Godlikeness in Meister Eckhart and Mullā Ṣadrā
Seyyed Mohammad Ghadery Ehsan Kordi Ardakani

Like Eckhart, Mullā Ṣadrā also emphasizes the element of the lovers becoming similar to the beloved and maintains that divine love is intertwined with the essence of Man’s existence. Here, given the mentioned similarities and relying on a descriptive-analytic method, th More

Like Eckhart, Mullā Ṣadrā also emphasizes the element of the lovers becoming similar to the beloved and maintains that divine love is intertwined with the essence of Man’s existence. Here, given the mentioned similarities and relying on a descriptive-analytic method, the authors have tried to clarify the effects of love on Man’s becoming Godlike with reference to the works of Eckhart and Mullā Ṣadrā. Eckhart and Mullā Ṣadrā refer to love as one of the influential factors in Man’s Godlikeness. Eckhart equates the essence of the soul with the Essence of God and concludes that the love of God resides in Man’s essence. By emphasizing these two features of love, that is, monopoly and simulation, he maintains that love of God makes other kinds of love to be forgotten and reduces all of them to itself; in fact, the only existing love is the love of God. He also views love as an internal stimulus which creates a kind of drive and attraction in the spirit which, ultimately, make it restless and compels it to become the same as its beloved. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

202 - Editor's Note
Seyyed Mohammad Khamenei

Qassem Soleimani School of Martyrdom Love school

Qassem Soleimani School of Martyrdom Love school Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

203 - Value and Efficiency of Acquired and Non-Acquired Sciences in Ibn ‘Arabī
Forough al-Sadat Rahimpour Nayereh Esmaeli

One of the most important and fundamental problems in theoretical gnosis is science. Ibn Arabi divides sciences into acquired and non-acquired types based on the way they are gained. Acquired types of science consist of the same discursive sciences which people attain t More

One of the most important and fundamental problems in theoretical gnosis is science. Ibn Arabi divides sciences into acquired and non-acquired types based on the way they are gained. Acquired types of science consist of the same discursive sciences which people attain through rational reasoning. In contrast, the perception and attainment of non-acquired sciences are not only impossible for the intellect but also demand another tool called the heart, which is responsible for receiving the blessings and effusions of divine lights. Ibn ‘Arabī believes that true and original knowledge is one which God imparts to the heart. Such a kind of knowledge, unlike rational and acquired ones, is immune against error, doubt, and forgetting. This is because here Man is merely the receiver of God’s manifestations and cannot manipulate them at all. This paper explains the efficiency of acquired and non-acquired sciences from the view point of Ibn ‘Arabī, evaluates them, and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each in comparison to each other. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

204 - “I” and the Criterion for its Distinction from “others” in Suhrawardī, Mullā Ṣadrā, and Descartes
Sakineh Gharibi Sohrab Haghighat mansour Imanpour

The present study discusses the identity and referent of “I” and the criterion for distinguishing “true I” from the other in the views of Suhrawardī, Mullā Ṣadrā, and Descartes. According to these three philosophers, “I” is the external and self-revealing identity that More

The present study discusses the identity and referent of “I” and the criterion for distinguishing “true I” from the other in the views of Suhrawardī, Mullā Ṣadrā, and Descartes. According to these three philosophers, “I” is the external and self-revealing identity that Man learns about through presential knowledge. The referent of true I in Suhrawardī’s view is immaterial light, which enjoys continuous self-awareness through the permanent manifestation of essence. In Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophy, referent is a level of existence which is continually in a state of change in the cradle of the trans-substantial motion; it is a graded realm with no fixed identity. For Descartes, the referent is an immaterial dimension that is continually involved in a state of thinking. Therefore, all three philosophers believe that true “I” is in fact a perceptive, knowledgeable, and thinking “I”. The distinction criterion for true I is also the same for all of them. This is because Suhrawardī and Mullā Ṣadrā consider continuous knowledge and not neglecting the self, which is the same as self-awareness, to be the distinction criterion for true I. However, Descartes’ criterion is clarity and distinction, which seem to be the same thing that Suhrawardī and Mullā Ṣadrā call continuous presence or self-awareness. Hence, it seems that the distinction criterion for “true I” is the same in the view of all the three philosophers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

205 - The Relationship of Poetry with Consideration and Truth Based on ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī’s Theory of Mentally-Posited Things
Jamal Ahmadi Seyyed Mehdi Emami Jume Emami Jume Mohammad Javad Safian

In ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī’s view, poetry and mentally-posited perceptions have such a close relationship with each other that he describes such perceptions through using poetic similes, allegories, and metaphors in his book of The Principles of Philosophy and the Method of More

In ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī’s view, poetry and mentally-posited perceptions have such a close relationship with each other that he describes such perceptions through using poetic similes, allegories, and metaphors in his book of The Principles of Philosophy and the Method of Realism. This study explores the relationship between poetry and mentally-posited perceptions through referring to those works of ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī in which he discusses the theory of mentally-posited things. The significance of this relationship lies in the fact that, by investigating the relationship between these two variables in different philosophical, gnostic, and interpretive works of ‘Allāmah, one can inquire about the relationship of poetry and positedness with fact-itself truth. The findings of this study indicate that mentally-posited things are the same as Man’s poetic view of the world or an eye with which Man can see everything. This poetic world, while being irrational and non-inferential, can speak of truth through allusions. Accordingly, it can be claimed that the theory of mentally-posited perceptions in Islamic philosophy has opened a new window to attaining the knowledge of truth. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

206 - A Critical Study of Ibn Sīnā’s Arguments on the Materialism of Particular Perceptive Experience with an Emphasis on the Problem of “Explanatory Gap”
Ahmad Va’ezi Mehdi Karimi

By doubting the materiality of perceptions based on the problem of explanatory gap, a rational basis is provided for criticizing Ibn Sīnā’s arguments regarding the impossibility of the immateriality of particular perceptions, the demonstration of possibility, and also t More

By doubting the materiality of perceptions based on the problem of explanatory gap, a rational basis is provided for criticizing Ibn Sīnā’s arguments regarding the impossibility of the immateriality of particular perceptions, the demonstration of possibility, and also the necessity of the immateriality of different types of perception. The material interpretation of particular perceptions – whether sensory or imaginal – is among Ibn Sīnā’s views in the ontology of perception. Through providing some arguments on the impossibility of the immateriality of particular perceptive experiences, he believes that the only possible state with respect to such experiences is their immateriality. On the other hand, hypothesizing the existence of a possible world in which a metaphysical state such as pain can be imagined in the absence of a neural process makes the distinction between mental state and neural process possible. This explanatory gap between them makes the immateriality of perception possible through negating the identity of these two phenomena. Given the distinction between physical and metaphysical states and the necessity of the immateriality of perception based on various philosophical arguments, the materiality of particular perception is debatable. Therefore, Mullā Ṣadrā’s idea of the immateriality of sensory and imaginal perception, similar to rational perceptions, presents a more comprehensive explanation of perception and the soul. This paper focus on a study of the whatness and ontology of particular perceptions, the discussion of which is subcategorized under the problem of the soul-body relation in the process of perception. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

207 - Develop a business model with a focus on central enterprise in a collaboration network

The development of networked organizations usually done by a focal firm (the mother). For this purpose, the focal firm as the main center of network must implement her strategies with an action plan. Significance of business model in a network is important as many exper More

The development of networked organizations usually done by a focal firm (the mother). For this purpose, the focal firm as the main center of network must implement her strategies with an action plan. Significance of business model in a network is important as many experts realize business model as an engine for network base strategy. In the present study, we look at the subject of collaboration networks , to review, identify and prioritize the role of focal firm in the business model of collaboration networks. In this direction, by reviewing existing literature on maternal advantage we extract the key functions of focal firm in her mothering strategy and business model. Then the extracted factors in Delphi process was judged and developed by experts. After confirming the final factors by experts to further validation and extract the Priority of factors we design questionnaires that given to Academic experts and managers who working in two network, the result of that questionnaires approved the applicability of the model Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

208 - Determine and rank effective leadership components in cultural and art organizations through an Iranian Islamic approach using Fuzzy Delphi method.
Mohammad chakoshian reza sepahvand mahmoodreza esmaeili amirhoshang nazarpoori

Regarding the significance of culture and cultural and art organizations in the community cultural growth, and according to the leadership signifiacnce in the organizations, the present research is conducted to determine and rank effective leadership components in cultu More

Regarding the significance of culture and cultural and art organizations in the community cultural growth, and according to the leadership signifiacnce in the organizations, the present research is conducted to determine and rank effective leadership components in cultural and art organizations through an Iranian Islamic approach using fuzzy Delphi method. Research statistical population included managers of cultural organizations, cultural experienced management professors, as well as culture experts. 22 research samples were selected using purposeful snowball sampling method. Following literature review and research background and interviewing some experts, 22 components were identified and exposed to the experts through a questionnaire. All 22 components were verified through fuzzy Delphi method. Research results show that leadership components of insight, ethics orientation, religion orientation, tolerance, self-control, dependability, inspiring, refinement, seeking excellence, and finally growth and empowerment are ranked in order. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

209 - The Survey the Impact of Strategic Human Resource Management on Innovation Capacity
fakhrieh Hamidianpour ZAHRA HASIRI

the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of strategic human resource management on Innovation Capacity. this research method is descriptive survey experts knowledge -based firms in Bushehr province that 72 experts was selected by simple random sampling. In ord More

the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of strategic human resource management on Innovation Capacity. this research method is descriptive survey experts knowledge -based firms in Bushehr province that 72 experts was selected by simple random sampling. In order to analyse the data SPSS and Smart PLS software were used. The results showed that knowledge-based firms in Bushehr province in terms of strategic roles of human resources and capacity for innovation and other components are above average and have an acceptable situation. Other findings show that the strategic management of human resources has a positive impact on innovation capacity and the strategic management of human resources through organizational learning impact on innovation capacity as well as. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

210 - Performance Evaluation of US Startup Accelerators Using Data Envelopment Analysis combined with Goal Programming Approach
محمدرضا پارسانژاد mojtab noori Seyyed Sharafoddin Hoseini Nasab seyyed rashid shahcheragh

Startup accelerator program is a new incubation model to accelerate venture creation providing specialized mentorship, networking opportunities and financing growth driven businesses. Since emergence of the first accelerator in US in 2005, the number of seed acceleratin More

Startup accelerator program is a new incubation model to accelerate venture creation providing specialized mentorship, networking opportunities and financing growth driven businesses. Since emergence of the first accelerator in US in 2005, the number of seed accelerating programs has quickly grown worldwide. Performance evaluation of these emerging programs not only could clarify relative success of this new incubation approach but also help out Iranian emerging accelerators to benchmark from pioneers of the industry. The evaluation could also assist startups and entrepreneurs to find out which of the existing accelerators are well-performed and thus ease decision making to select them as their incubator. So in this paper we aim to measure the performance of US top accelerators using a DEA method combined with goal programing approach. The inputs of the evaluation consist of numbers of mentors and startups, investment on each startup in average and in general, and the share of accelerator in startup company. The outputs in turn are different and include number and value of exits, and fund raising. Comparison of the final result with Seed Accelerator Ranking Project (SARP), shows different sorting and it is due the distinct evaluation approach. SARP considers only outputs of accelerators but we take in to account both outputs and inputs in the evaluation which could better illustrate the efficiency of DMUs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

211 - Managerial Dynamic Capabilities and international technological entrepreneurship: International Opportunity recognition and Exploitation by Information technology Start-Ups
Mohammad Hasan Mobaraki Jahangir Yadollahi Farsi Yadollahi Farsi Ali Mobini Dehkordi

The recognition and exploitation of international technological opportunities is the fundamental process is in the international technological entrepreneurship. Because of the radical changes in the high and advanced technologies related to the information technology , More

The recognition and exploitation of international technological opportunities is the fundamental process is in the international technological entrepreneurship. Because of the radical changes in the high and advanced technologies related to the information technology , Dynamic capability is one of the important factors for IT based start-ups in the successful international value creation .this concept is under researched . For this purpose this study investigated managerial dynamic capability role in the international opportunities exploitation by IT based start-ups. By using multiple case study methodology and conducting 12 semi structured interviews with Iranian IT sector start-ups who participated in the international markets and analysing the qualitative data, the study show that managerial dynamic capability have the important role to foster international Technological entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

212 - Prediction of Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises with the Combination of Artificial Neural Networks and Meta-Heuristic Algorithm
حامد ابراهیم خانی مصطفی کاظمی Alireza Pooya Amir Mohammad Fakoor Saghih

The growth of a company is considered to be an important economic goal. Given that many small and medium enterprises do not grow into growth and fail in the early years of their operations, a predictive system of corporate growth can be offset by the huge costs Starting More

The growth of a company is considered to be an important economic goal. Given that many small and medium enterprises do not grow into growth and fail in the early years of their operations, a predictive system of corporate growth can be offset by the huge costs Starting businesses, entrepreneurs and companies to pay. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to predict the growth of small and medium enterprises with the combination of neural network and meta-heuristic algorithms. The purpose of this research was applied and based on the method of doing descriptive-modeling work. Statistical population of this research was all small and medium enterprises of Zanjan province. Statistical sample size According to the growth of companies, 158 companies has been designated. In order to collect data in this study, interviews, questionnaires and documents of companies have been used. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were verified and and using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In order to analyze the research data using confirmatory factor analysis methods, the neural network of multilayer perceptron, neural network combined with genetic algorithm and neural network combined with particle swarm algorithm have been used. The results show that all three methods are able to predict the growth of the company. Among these three methods, the best predictive method for growth of the company is the neural network combined with the particle swarm algorithm with the least error rate compared to the other two methods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

213 - strengthening the participation of the nongovernmental sector in financing higher education
atiyeh dadjoye tavakloli MohammadAli Hosseini Mostafa Niknami Mohammad Javad Salehi

The purpose of study is to provide a model for the participation of the nongovernmental sector in higher education financing. By examining theoretical foundations and researches, a number of indicators and factors influencing the ways of financing higher education were More

The purpose of study is to provide a model for the participation of the nongovernmental sector in higher education financing. By examining theoretical foundations and researches, a number of indicators and factors influencing the ways of financing higher education were identified and then during a semi-structured interview with 12 faculty members who had experience in financing ways, A total of 50 indicators were identified and then, by the content validity of the indicators adjusted and finally were approved by the experts for 11 factors influencing and based on the obtained indicators, a questionnaire with 41 items was formulated. The questionnaire distributed and collected in a field study among 392 faculty members of the Humanities University of Tehran province, which were selected by available sampling method. The results showed that in state universities, the government had the largest share and the creation of a higher education bank had the lowest share in funding. While in private universities, students (tuition) have had the largest share of contributions and loans or loans from international institutions having had the smallest share in funding. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

214 - Evaluation efficiency of the internal structure of decision making units in the past, present and future using dynamic network data envelopment analysis and artificial neural network
javad niknafs mphammadali keramati jalal haghighatmonfared

Network data envelopment analysis models and dynamic network data envelopment analysis models cannot evaluated the future performance of the internal structure of decision-making units .In other words, all NDEA and DNDEA models evaluate the past performance of their DMU More

Network data envelopment analysis models and dynamic network data envelopment analysis models cannot evaluated the future performance of the internal structure of decision-making units .In other words, all NDEA and DNDEA models evaluate the past performance of their DMUs and their internal structure, and measure their efficiency and inefficiency, and ultimately rank them based on that assessment .In this paper, we are going to evaluation the future efficiency of deposit and lending sections in bank branches. In order to notified inefficiencies in the internal structure of a unit before the occurrence, we will prevent it.This approach can change the role of managers from the evaluator to the planner .First, using the literature of the subject and opinion of the experts, the structure of the bank branches and the network variables were determined .Then, the values of variables are forecasted using the artificial neural network for the next two periods.Finally, a DNDEA model is formulated using the values of past periods and predicted values.Using its efficiency, its branches and its internal structure have been evaluated in the past, present and future. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

215 - Development of Multivariate Regression Relationship Between Factors Affecting Unemployment Rate
roya soltani mahnaz ebrahimi sadrabadi Ali Mohammad Kimiagari

In this research, the multi-variable linear regression relationship has been developed among the important factors influencing unemployment rate. The seasonal data is from 1394 to 1394, which is compiled from reliable economic data bases of country. Independent variable More

In this research, the multi-variable linear regression relationship has been developed among the important factors influencing unemployment rate. The seasonal data is from 1394 to 1394, which is compiled from reliable economic data bases of country. Independent variables are: net foreign assets of the banking system (billion rials), net debt of the public sector to the banking system (billion rials), liquidity in terms of its constituent parts (billion rials), rate of dollar (rials), economic participation rate, average inflation rate, The average annual interest rate on state-owned banks, the percentage of jobseekers (65-15). The results indicate that there is a negative and significant relationship between unemployment rate and average inflation rate and economic participation rate, while the net debt of the public sector has had a positive and significant relationship with the banking system and unemployment rate. The greatest negative effects on unemployment rate are the rate of economic participation and the greatest positive impact on the unemployment rate is the net debt of the public sector to the banking system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

216 - Providing the best two- or multi-faceted barter between the two companies in the holding company
Saeed Mirzamohammadi

The existence of debt in the accounts between a set of companies causes the items to be flooded to the left and right of the corporate balance sheet. And have misleading financial ratios for corporate finance analysts and lead to misleading predictions about the company More

The existence of debt in the accounts between a set of companies causes the items to be flooded to the left and right of the corporate balance sheet. And have misleading financial ratios for corporate finance analysts and lead to misleading predictions about the company's future. This is the case in a set of companies under the umbrella of a holding due to interactions between them and on the other hand, if there is a solution, it can be tracked and reduced due to the upstream management of the holding. In this paper, using mathematical modeling and optimization, the best combination of the two or multiple possible channels between the holding companies is suggested. How to deal with this issue is one of the issues of day care and modeling and solving it in the form of math planning is the main innovation of this article. The proposed modeling is implemented in one of the IT field holdings and its results are reported in this paper. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

217 - Identify the factors that influence public-private participation in urban civil engineering projects and provide an appropriate model. Case Study: Tehran Municipality.
esmaeel ghafari Karamollah daneshfard Gholamreza memarzadeh Tehran

Public-private partnership (PPP) is a new way to expand public services through the private sector. PPP have become common in providing high-quality infrastructure in many countries worldwide. One of the main reasons for PPP agreements is to improve efficiency and quali More

Public-private partnership (PPP) is a new way to expand public services through the private sector. PPP have become common in providing high-quality infrastructure in many countries worldwide. One of the main reasons for PPP agreements is to improve efficiency and quality in the delivery of public services, as well as to boost investments for expensive projects, which should be given more attention in Iran. This research is aimed at identifying effective factors in the success of public-private partnership Urban Civil Infrastructure Projects in Tehran Municipality and providing its model. The research method in this research is Applied, Field, Exploratory, Descriptive and causal. The statistical population of this study is all internal and external stakeholders are influential on private sector investment in Tehran Urban Civil Infrastructure Projects plans. In this study, using a questionnaire based on experts' opinions and research literature, data were collected and analyzed through Exploratory Factor Analysis. Factors affecting public-private participation in Tehran urban civil engineering projects and related model were extracted. The results of factor analysis show that the following seven factors affect the success of public-private partnership in our model, which are 1- Transparent processes and procedures 2- Knowledge, skills and support of managers 3- Legal support and incentives 4- Health of the administrative system 5- Political stability and support 6- Capacity Building 7-policy making. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

218 - presentation of a Structural Model for Entrepreneurial Personality traits of employees Based on the managers' power sources (Case Study of the government departments in West Azarbaijan Province)
yusef beighzadeh farhad mahbobkhah

The present study is an attempt to provide a structural model for Entrepreneurial Personality traits of employees based on the managers' power sources in government departments of West Azarbaijan province. The present study is applied in terms of objective and descript More

The present study is an attempt to provide a structural model for Entrepreneurial Personality traits of employees based on the managers' power sources in government departments of West Azarbaijan province. The present study is applied in terms of objective and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection and analysis methods. The population of the study includes all managers and employees of government departments in West Azarbaijan province. Due to the unlimited number of statistical population, the researcher selected a sample above the last level of the Morgan table through stratified random sampling. Hinkin and Shirykhm Power scale (1989) and an Entrepreneurial Personality trait Questionnaire derived from the standard questionnaires of Darham Center for Entrepreneurship were used for data collection purposes. Validity and reliability of the questionnaires were verified using relevant tests. Structural equations modeling based on partial least squares was used to analyze the data and reach the structural model. The results of the structural model showed that the authorities’ power sources and expertise of managers have a direct and significant effect on prediction of the employees’ Entrepreneurial Personality traits and the proposed model is well fitted. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

219 - Qualitative Analysis of the Socio-Economic Impacts of Construction of ShahidBagheri Square Multi-storey Parking
Aadel Abdollahi

This study was aimed to analyze the social and economic impacts of the construction of multi-storey parking in ShahidBagheri Square, South Yaftabad District, Tehran. The methodology of this study was qualitative and the data were collected through observation and interv More

This study was aimed to analyze the social and economic impacts of the construction of multi-storey parking in ShahidBagheri Square, South Yaftabad District, Tehran. The methodology of this study was qualitative and the data were collected through observation and interview techniques with a focus on the interpretations of the participants. The data collection process continued until it reached a theoretical saturation. In this process, 47 technical experts, officials, key informants and local residents were interviewed both in person and within a discussions group. The Findingsrevealed that not only the effectiveness of this construction project but also the manageability of its impacts depend on consideration of socio-economic status of Yaftabad neighborhood residents. Therefore, suggestions derived from present study are as follow:Renting parking lots based on the common price in the South Yaftabad neighborhood with a fair pricing mechanism;Strengthening intra- and inter-organizational coordination by emphasizing on social participation; Incorporating construction of a neighborhood hall -SarayeMahalle- into this project for addressing the social and cultural needs of the residents;Utilizing the parking building as a local cultural heritage bulletin; Preventing spaces from gettingunprotected and indefensibleby including green spaces or playgrounds in building plan; reinforcing social interactions and local identity byturning some parts of the parking to a local hangout as a hub of local and social communication. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

220 - Designing a policy model for financing technological entrepreneurship in the early stages of creating a business in Iran
Mohsen Noorali Sorkhani eynollah keshavarz tork Moqtadaalanam Ravanbakhsh,

10.52547/jstpi.27273.18.71.1

the present study seeks to semantically reconstruct the various dimensions of the model / optimal model of technological entrepreneurship financing policy in the early stages of business creation using the combined approach and the exploratory goal of the field theor More

the present study seeks to semantically reconstruct the various dimensions of the model / optimal model of technological entrepreneurship financing policy in the early stages of business creation using the combined approach and the exploratory goal of the field theory analysis method in the qualitative section and using the opinions of senior managers. And the professors specializing in this field have examined the existing concepts and interpretations from their point of view and in the quantitative part a questionnaire has been made using the main concepts extracted from the qualitative part in order to generalize and confirm the findings. In this research, first in order to identify financing methods and also the criteria for selecting the appropriate financing method, fuzzy Delphi method is used and then to determine priorities, hierarchical analysis is used and after determining these weights through TOPSIS method to prioritize the option. The issues raised were addressed. The results showed that among the methods of financing the formation of cooperative companies (0.93), receiving facilities with weight (0.87), issuing participation bonds with weight (0.72), creating investment companies (0.60), presence in the stock market (0.33) ), Creating a plan as a shareholder (0.22), and finally attracting foreign capital (0.00001) had the highest and lowest priority among financing methods, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

221 - An Analytical View about the Impact of Nuclear Sanctions on Iran's Agricultural Trade
Mostafa Baniasadi

Unprecedented sanctions have been imposed on the Iran since 2008 under the pretext of Iran's peaceful nuclear activities, which have had a significant impact on the country's economy. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of nuclear sanctions on More

Unprecedented sanctions have been imposed on the Iran since 2008 under the pretext of Iran's peaceful nuclear activities, which have had a significant impact on the country's economy. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of nuclear sanctions on the trade relationships, mix of goods, trade partners and balance of Iran's agricultural sector. For this purpose, descriptive-analytical method and time series data analysis of agricultural trade of Iran were used. In this analysis, four periods of pre-sanctions (1999-2007), sanctions initiation and enforcement (2008-2011), sanctions intensification (2012-2014) and post-sanctions and post- JCPOA (2015-2016) were examined. The data of this study were collected from the Islamic Republic of Iran Customs. Results show that the sanctions had a positive impact on agricultural exports but have changed the country's trading partners. Sanctions have not, Contrary to expectation, reduced imports of agricultural products and foods, but have changed trade relations, import origins and trading partners, but have not changed the composition of imported goods. Since the beginning of the sanctions, the agricultural trade balance has improved. Based on the results of this study and the experiences of the pre- and post-sanctions, a trade plan for the future in the face of sanctions, and with resistive economic approach can be formulated. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

222 - A Method Based on Learning Automata for Adaptation of the Vigilance factor in Fuzzy ARTMAP Network
M. Anjidani M. R. Meybodi

In this paper, a method based on learning automata for adaptation of the vigilance factor in Fuzzy ARTMAP network when used for classification problems is proposed. The performance of the proposed algorithm is independent of the initial value for vigilance factor. Fuzz More

In this paper, a method based on learning automata for adaptation of the vigilance factor in Fuzzy ARTMAP network when used for classification problems is proposed. The performance of the proposed algorithm is independent of the initial value for vigilance factor. Fuzzy ARTMAP network in which the vigilance factor adapted using learning automata generates smaller structure with higher recognition rate. To study the performance of the proposed method it has been applied to several problems: circle in square, spirals and square in square problems. The results of experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

223 - New Optimization Approach in the Design of Yagi Uda Antenna
A. A. Lotfi-Neyestanak F. Hojjat Kashani

In this paper, several methods for optimization of a 5-elements Yagi antenna are proposed using genetic algorithm, genetic algorithm inspired by simulated annealing, genetic algorithm based on fuzzy decision making, and particle swarm method. High speed run time of Supe More

In this paper, several methods for optimization of a 5-elements Yagi antenna are proposed using genetic algorithm, genetic algorithm inspired by simulated annealing, genetic algorithm based on fuzzy decision making, and particle swarm method. High speed run time of SuperNEC software, it has been used for analyzing the presented methods. The use of genetic algorithm or genetic algorithm inspired by simulated annealing for antenna optimization in a specific frequency band, needs long run time. Besides, reduction of the number of population and the amount of repetition, causes decrease in optimization precision. So, an optimization system base on fuzzy decision making is proposed. In addition, the particle swarm method which has a good convergence rate and good performance has been proposed to obtain a better optimization. The comparison between the proposed optimization methods shows that the genetic based on fuzzy decision making and the particle swarm methods have the best performance and functionality and the least run time. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

224 - CDF (2,2) Wavelet Lossy Image Compression on CPLD
A. A. Lotfi-Neyestanak Mohammad Mohaghegh Hazrati Mohammad Mohaghegh Hazrati N. Ahmidi

This paper presents a hardware implementation of CDF(2,2) wavelet image compressor. The design demonstrates that high quality circuit implementation is possible through the use of suitable data organization (partitioned approach) and algorithm-to-architecture mappings ( More

This paper presents a hardware implementation of CDF(2,2) wavelet image compressor. The design demonstrates that high quality circuit implementation is possible through the use of suitable data organization (partitioned approach) and algorithm-to-architecture mappings (parallel-ism or pipelining). A VHDL code for CDF(2,2) was developed to satisfy our objective. Then it was synthesized in Foundation 5.1 software and downloaded to CPLD XC9572 by a JTAG ByteBlaster cable. The original image was transmitted through serial port. The AVR’s ATmega8535 was used to implement serial protocol to and back from the CPLD. The main goal is to reach a higher performance and throughput with a single CPLD. Details of the encoder design have been discussed and the results are presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

225 - Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Classifier
Seyed-Hamid Zahiri

A multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm has been used to design a classifier which is able to optimize some important pattern recognition indices concurrently. These are Reliability, Score of recognition, and the number of hyperplanes. The propos More

A multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm has been used to design a classifier which is able to optimize some important pattern recognition indices concurrently. These are Reliability, Score of recognition, and the number of hyperplanes. The proposed classifier can efficiently approximate the decision hyperplanes for separating the different classes in the feature space and dose not have any over-fitting and over-learning problems. Other swarm intelligence based classifiers do not have the capability of simultaneous optimizing aforesaid indices and they also may suffer the over-fitting problem. The experimental results show that the proposed multi-objective classifier can estimate the optimum sets of hyperplanes by approximating the Pareto-front and provide the favorite user's setup for selecting aforesaid indices. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

226 - Solving Multi-Criteria Decision Making Problems Using Artificial Neural Networks
M. abdoos N. Mozayani

Decision making is finding the best compromised solution from all feasible alternatives. Multi-criteria decision making is one of the most applied branches of decision making. Many methods have been presented for solving MCDM problems ever since. Among these methods, si More

Decision making is finding the best compromised solution from all feasible alternatives. Multi-criteria decision making is one of the most applied branches of decision making. Many methods have been presented for solving MCDM problems ever since. Among these methods, simple additive weighting, SAW, is the most commonly used method. In this paper, two methods are proposed for solving MCDM problems based on artificial neural networks. This paper shows an application of soft computing techniques in classic problems, such as decision making. Herein, two methods are presented based on both supervised and unsupervised neural networks. The results of the methods have been compared with SAW. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

227 - Nastaliq CAPTCHA
M. H. Shirali-Shahreza Mohammad Shirali-Shahreza

Nowadays, many daily human activities such as education, trade, talks, etc are done by using the Internet. In such things as registration on Internet web sites, hackers write programs to make automatic false registration that waste the resources of the web sites while i More

Nowadays, many daily human activities such as education, trade, talks, etc are done by using the Internet. In such things as registration on Internet web sites, hackers write programs to make automatic false registration that waste the resources of the web sites while it may also stop it from functioning. Therefore, human users should be distinguished from computer programs. To this end, this paper presents a method for distinction of Persian and Arabic-language users from computer programs based on Persian and Arabic texts using Nastaliq font. In this method, the image of a Persian or Arabic word written in Nastaliq font is chosen from a dictionary, and it is shown to the user, then he is asked to type it. Considering that the presently available Persian and Arabic OCR programs cannot identify these words, the word can be identified only by a Persian or Arabic-language user. The proposed method has been implemented by the Java language. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

228 - Design and Implementation of a 125 kV/1000 kVA High-Voltage Test System Using Series-Resonance Technique
A. A. Lotfi-Neyestanak H. R. Sadegh Mohammadi

This paper presents the design, analysis, simulation, and implementation of a high-power resonance generator for testing high-voltage capacitive loads. The resonance generator includes a variable reactor which is the most important part of the system, a shielded isolat More

This paper presents the design, analysis, simulation, and implementation of a high-power resonance generator for testing high-voltage capacitive loads. The resonance generator includes a variable reactor which is the most important part of the system, a shielded isolation transformer, a voltage regulator (auto-transformer), an exciter transformer, a capacitive divider, a control cubicle, a digital voltmeter, a computer based partial discharge measurement system, a high-voltage filter, and a low-voltage filter. The paper describes the analysis and simulation of different parts of the system. It also presents the results of tests were performed using the implemented system on different capacitive loads, including the measurements of harmonic distortions and partial discharge. The inductance measurement of the implemented variable reactor matches with the simulation results. The partial discharge measurement of the implemented high-voltage series-resonance test system shows that the system is PD free up to 70 kV. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

229 - A Two-Stage Method for Classifiers Combination
S. H. Nabavi Karizi E. Kabir

Ensemble learning is an effective machine learning method that improves the classification performance. In this method, the outputs of multiple classifiers are combined so that the better results can be attained. As different classifiers may offer complementary informat More

Ensemble learning is an effective machine learning method that improves the classification performance. In this method, the outputs of multiple classifiers are combined so that the better results can be attained. As different classifiers may offer complementary information about the classification, combining classifiers, in an efficient way, can achieve better results than any single classifier. Combining multiple classifiers is only effective if the individual classifiers are accurate and diverse. In this paper, we propose a two-stage method for classifiers combination. In the first stage, by mixture of experts strategy we produce different classifiers and in the second stage by using particle swarm optimization (PSO), we find the optimal weights for linear combination of them. Experimental results on different data sets show that proposed method outperforms the independent training and mixture of experts methods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

230 - Novel Automatic Clustering Technique Based on the Artificial Immune Algorithm
Seyed-Hamid Zahiri

In this paper a novel technique for automatic data clustering based on the artificial immune algorithm is proposed. The lengths of the antibodies are dynamically changed based on inter-clusters and intra-clusters distances by means of a fuzzy controller which has been a More

In this paper a novel technique for automatic data clustering based on the artificial immune algorithm is proposed. The lengths of the antibodies are dynamically changed based on inter-clusters and intra-clusters distances by means of a fuzzy controller which has been added to the immune algorithm to provide, also, a soft computing approach for data clustering. This idea leads to proper number of clusters and effective and powerful clustering process without any additional try and error efforts. Also the manual setting of the number of clusters is available in the proposed algorithm (like other unsupervised clustering approaches) after removing the fuzzy controller from the proposed clustering system. The method has been tested on the different kinds of the complex artificial data sets and well known benchmarks. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed technique is much better than the k-means clustering algorithm (as a conventional one), specially for huge data sets with large feature vector dimensions. Furthermore, it is found that the performance of the proposed approach is comparable, sometimes better than the genetic algorithm based clustering technique (as an evolutionary clustering algorithm). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

231 - Using Adaptive Diffusion Coefficients in Partial Diffusion Equation for Image Noise Reduction
H. hassanpour M. nikpour

This paper proposes a new approach for image noise reduction using partial diffusion equation (PDE). Diffusion coefficient is an important parameter in PDE for image noise reduction. This parameter affects the noise reduction results and quality of edges in the denoised More

This paper proposes a new approach for image noise reduction using partial diffusion equation (PDE). Diffusion coefficient is an important parameter in PDE for image noise reduction. This parameter affects the noise reduction results and quality of edges in the denoised image. The existing PDE-based image denoising techniques experimentally adjust the diffusion coefficient. This paper proposes a new approach to adaptively adjust the diffusion coefficient. The proposed approach was applied on a number of standard images to evaluate its performance. The results indicate that the proposed approach outperform the existing PDE-based image denoisng techniques. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

232 - Optimization of the Nonlinear Behavior of Power Amplifiers in Satellite Digital Image Transmission Using Particle Swarm Method
A. A. Lotfi-Neyestanak Gh. sowlat Mohammad Jahanbakht

Nonlinear behavior of the power amplifiers in satellite transmitters causes a lot of errors in digital image transmission. So, even by using a moderate linearizer, the bit error rate (BER) will greatly improve. In this paper, the particle swarm optimization has been use More

Nonlinear behavior of the power amplifiers in satellite transmitters causes a lot of errors in digital image transmission. So, even by using a moderate linearizer, the bit error rate (BER) will greatly improve. In this paper, the particle swarm optimization has been used as an effective method with good conversion speed. Effects of an optimized cubic linearizer on digital image transmission are evaluated. The simulations results for the bit error rate as a function of signal to noise ratio (SNR), third order intercept point (TOI), and noise figure (NF) of low noise amplifier (LNA) are compared with each other. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

233 - The New Generation of Partial Discharge Measuring Systems and Their Application in Defect Identification of High Voltage Equipment
H. R. Mirzaei A. Akbari A. Mazhab Jafari Mohammad Kharezi

This paper presents a new impedance based fault location algorithm for practical radial distribution systems. The algorithm uses the fundamental components of voltages and currents recorded by a digital fault recorder usually installed at the head of main feeders.

This paper presents a new impedance based fault location algorithm for practical radial distribution systems. The algorithm uses the fundamental components of voltages and currents recorded by a digital fault recorder usually installed at the head of main feeders. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

234 - An Intelligent BGSA Based Method for Feature Selection in a Persian Handwritten Digits Recognition System
N. Ghanbari S. M. Razavi S. H. Nabavi Karizi

In this paper, an intelligent feature selection method for recognition of Persian handwritten digits is presented. The fitness function associated with the error in the Persian handwritten digits recognition system is minimized, by selecting the appropriate features, us More

In this paper, an intelligent feature selection method for recognition of Persian handwritten digits is presented. The fitness function associated with the error in the Persian handwritten digits recognition system is minimized, by selecting the appropriate features, using binary gravitational search algorithm. Implementation results show that the use of intelligent methods is well able to choose the most effective features for this recognition system. The results of the proposed method in comparison with other similar methods based on genetic algorithm and binary particle method of optimizing indicates the effective performance of the proposed method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

235 - Neural Control of the Induction Motor Drive: Robust Against Rotor and Stator Resistances Variations and Suitable for Very Low and High Speeds
H. Moayedi Rad M. A. Shamsi-Nejad mohsen Farshad

In this paper, induction motor speed control drive is designed with application two multilayer feed-forward neural networks. That those are used one for generate PWM pulse and other for estimation of required torque and flux information. For trained of the PWM wave gene More

In this paper, induction motor speed control drive is designed with application two multilayer feed-forward neural networks. That those are used one for generate PWM pulse and other for estimation of required torque and flux information. For trained of the PWM wave generate neural network is used from compound information two voltage and current classic model. Also, against general classic models for generate of the switching pulses is used as compound from reference voltage and current two motor phases. With these ideas are eliminated problems of the voltage and current classic models (flux saturation in current model for high speeds and voltage drop in voltage model for low speeds). As voltage profile is improved in this paper. The required feedback signals estimation (including: rotor flux, torque, etc.) is estimated by multilayer feed-forward neural network. That for robustness of the above estimator against rotor and stator resistances variations in time work of motor is used from compound trained data of the voltage and current classic models, because the voltage and current of the general classic models to sequence are independent of rotor and stator resistances. The simulation results by MATLAB-Simulink verify the proposed drive in improvement of the speed profile in transient and steady-state operating modes. Also, it verify clearly robust of the proposed drive against rotor and stator resistances variations in time work. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

236 - Economical Optimization of Capacity and Operational Strategy for Combined Heat and Power Systems
M. Hajinazari

An optimization method has been developed to determine the optimal capacities for the CHP and boiler such that thermal and electrical energy demands can be satisfied with high cost efficiency. The proposed method offers an operational strategy in order to determine the More

An optimization method has been developed to determine the optimal capacities for the CHP and boiler such that thermal and electrical energy demands can be satisfied with high cost efficiency. The proposed method offers an operational strategy in order to determine the optimum value for boiler and CHP capacities which maximize an objective function based on the net present value (NPV). The reduction in operational strategy expenses arising from the monetary cost of the credit attainable by air pollution reduction is also taken into account in evaluation of the objective function. The optimal value for boiler and CHP capacities and the resulting projection for the optimal value of the objective function are derived using a hybrid optimization method involving the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the linear programming algorithms. The viability of the proposed method is demonstrated by analyzing the decision to construct a CHP system for a typical hospital. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

237 - Risk-based Static and Dynamics Security Assessment and Its Enhancement with Particle Swarm Optimization Generation Realloca
M. Saeedi H. Seifi

Security assessment is traditionally checked using a deterministic criterion. Based on that, the system may be considered as secured or unsecured. If an unsecured condition is detected, preventive actions are foreseen to make it secure. Recently, risk based security as More

Security assessment is traditionally checked using a deterministic criterion. Based on that, the system may be considered as secured or unsecured. If an unsecured condition is detected, preventive actions are foreseen to make it secure. Recently, risk based security assessment is used in power systems. In this paper, risk-based static and dynamic security assessment is proposed and a new transient stability index is defined. In this paper, the risk index is used as an objective function in the generation reallocation algorithm. In this algorithm, the security is maintained using the generation reallocation. The algorithm is tested on IEEE 24-bus test system and its capabilities are assessed in comparison with a traditional OPF, in which the security is maintained based on a deterministic criterion. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used as the optimization tool. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

238 - Modeling and Analysis Iterated Prison Dilemma Game by Grossberg Counter-Propagation Neural Network
Gh. A. Montazer N. Rastegar Ramshe Alireza Askarzadeh

Most of the time effective decisions in strategic situations such as competitive issues require a non-linear mapping between stimulus and response. Artificial neural networks can be an appropriate way for modeling and solving these kinds of problems. Prison Dilemma Game More

Most of the time effective decisions in strategic situations such as competitive issues require a non-linear mapping between stimulus and response. Artificial neural networks can be an appropriate way for modeling and solving these kinds of problems. Prison Dilemma Game is a well-known game that is proposed in game theory. This paper tries to describe how using neural network, the iterated prisoner’s dilemma game can be modeled and analyzed. To do this a Grossberg Counter-Propagation Neural Network (GCP-NN) has been designed to play this game. Results show the capability of this method in complete modeling game. The results present the efficiency of the new method in comparison with the two conventional methods: Tit For Tat (TFT) strategy and Perceptron modeled game. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

239 - Designing a Self-Tuning Frequency Controller Based on ANNs for an Isolated Microgrid
F. Habibi H. Bevrani J. Moshtag

Increasing electrical energy demand, as well as fossil fuel shortages and environmental concerns have caused to use uncommon sources such as distributed generations (DGs) and renewable energy sources (RESs) into modern power systems. A microgrid (MG) system consists of More

Increasing electrical energy demand, as well as fossil fuel shortages and environmental concerns have caused to use uncommon sources such as distributed generations (DGs) and renewable energy sources (RESs) into modern power systems. A microgrid (MG) system consists of several DGs and RESs which is responsible to provide both electrical and heat powers for local loads. Due to the MGs nonlinearity/complexity which is imposed to the conventional power systems, classical and nonflexible control structures may not represent desirable performance over a wide range of operating conditions. Therefore, more flexible/intelligent control methods are needed most of the past. Hence, in this paper addresses to design an online/self-tuning PI-controller based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) for optimal regulating the MG systems frequency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

240 - Designing Optimal Fuzzy Classifier Using Particle Swarm Optimization
Seyed-Hamid Zahiri

An important issue in designing a fuzzy classifier is setting its structural and mathematical fuzzy parameters (e.g., number of rules, antecedents, consequents, types and locations of membership functions). In fact, the variations of these parameters establish a wide More

An important issue in designing a fuzzy classifier is setting its structural and mathematical fuzzy parameters (e.g., number of rules, antecedents, consequents, types and locations of membership functions). In fact, the variations of these parameters establish a wide range high dimensional search space, which makes heuristic methods some suitable candidates to solve this problem (designing optimal fuzzy parameters). In this paper, a method is described for this purpose. In presented technique, all fuzzy parameters of a fuzzy classifier, are interpreted in structure of particles and PSO algorithm is employed to find the optimal one. Extensive experimental results on well-known benchmarks and practical pattern recognition problem (automatic target recognition) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

241 - Design of a New Format-Compliant Partial Encryption Scheme for H.264 Video Design of a New Format-Compliant Partial Encryption Scheme for H.264 Video
S. Rasoolifar M. Khademi

H.264 is the latest video compression standard and its compression efficiency is twice as much as previous standards. Due to the advantages of this standard and its widespread use in various video applications, the protection of this standard has become necessary. In th More

H.264 is the latest video compression standard and its compression efficiency is twice as much as previous standards. Due to the advantages of this standard and its widespread use in various video applications, the protection of this standard has become necessary. In this paper, a new partial encryption scheme is presented for H.264 video which keeps the video format unchanged. In this method, parameters with high sensitivity to H.264 video texture and motion components are encrypted during compression. That is, such parameters as Intra4x4PredMode, Intra Residual Data, Ref-Index and MVD are encrypted using stream ciphers. This encryption scheme obtains high encryption efficiency through reducing the encrypted data volume along with high perceptual security. In addition to these properties, parameter selection and encryption in the proposed method is implemented in a way that the encrypted video format is kept compliant and thus can be utilized in different applications such as commercial and entertainment applications. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

242 - Electrical Islanding Detection in Electrical Distribution Networks with Distributed Generation Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Artificial Neural Network
M. Heidari Orejloo S. Gh. Seifossadat M. Razaz

In this paper a new algorithm is provided for detecting of electrical islands, based on analysis of transient signals using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and artificial neural network (ANN). The neural network is taught for Classification of events to the "islands" o More

In this paper a new algorithm is provided for detecting of electrical islands, based on analysis of transient signals using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and artificial neural network (ANN). The neural network is taught for Classification of events to the "islands" or "non-islands". Needed features for classification are extracted by DWT of DG transient voltage signal. DIgSILENT, MATLAB and WEKA softwares are used for simulation. Proposed method is tested on a CIGRE medium voltage distribution system with two different types of DGs. The final method is chosen from among 162 relay projects with respect to different criteria, including accuracy, speed, simplicity and cost efficiency is the best. With The analysis done in the best relay selection for DGs, the voltage signal, the mother wavelet db4 and seventh level wavelet transform are used. Simulation results show that this method in compared with existing methods, can detect the electrical islands, with a shorter time and higher accuracy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

243 - Automated Implementation of Quantum Circuits on QFPGA for Emulation
M. Heidarzadeh Mohammad Danaee Far

This paper defines an optimal architecture for the FPGA using exact methods. In order to achieve this goal, optimal placement and routing solutions are found using the integer linear programming techniques. After redefining the internal architecture of the logic blocks, More

This paper defines an optimal architecture for the FPGA using exact methods. In order to achieve this goal, optimal placement and routing solutions are found using the integer linear programming techniques. After redefining the internal architecture of the logic blocks, quantum circuits are partitioned by a heuristic algorithm in order to reach maximum utilization of the resources inside logic blocks and minimum delay of the paths traversed by the q-bits in the circuit. Experimental results show that FPGA architecture modifications can result in the reduction of the delay of critical paths of circuits by up to half in some cases and in a considerable reduction of the number of channels used for routing. Furthermore, the results show that defining the logic blocks with 12 q-bits instead of 4 q-bits can decrease circuits delay and the number of used channels to a large extent. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

244 - Semi-Partitioning Multiprocessor Real-Time Scheduling in Data Stream Management Systems
M. Alemi M. Haghjoo

In data stream management systems as long as streams of data arrive to the system, stored queries are executed on these data. Regarding high workload, high processing capacity is required, leading to consider multiple processors to cope with it. Partitioning approach, o More

In data stream management systems as long as streams of data arrive to the system, stored queries are executed on these data. Regarding high workload, high processing capacity is required, leading to consider multiple processors to cope with it. Partitioning approach, one of the main methods in multiprocessor real-time scheduling, bind each query to one of processors based on its utilization, ratio of estimated execution time to period, and instances of each query which should be completed under defined deadline can only be executed on specified processor. Each query which could not be assigned to any processor can be split based on utilization of processors and spread among them, causing to get closer to optimum result. This system has been examined with real network data, showing lower miss ratio and higher utilization in comparison to simple partitioning approach. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

245 - Visual Target Tracking Using Geometrical Particle Filter and Analytic Color-Based Histogram Model
N. Ghasemi P. Moallem M. F. Sabahi

Color is an important feature to describe object in visual tracking. Color-based histogram is used to model the object properly and Bhattacharya distance is also used to measure the error between reference and candidate histogram. Particles filter estimate position of t More

Color is an important feature to describe object in visual tracking. Color-based histogram is used to model the object properly and Bhattacharya distance is also used to measure the error between reference and candidate histogram. Particles filter estimate position of target while two-dimension affine transformation is used as state of the system. Considering geometric properties of affine transformation as affine group cause two-dimensional mapping of the object to be closer to the real three-dimensional model. Approximation of optimal importance function of particles filter is obtained from Taylor expansion of Bhattacharya distance. Experiments show the accuracy and stability of the proposed tracker for fast and complex movement of a color target versus the gray level geometric particle filtering algorithm. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

246 - Classical Direct Torque and Flux Control (DTFC) for Line-Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous and Its Comparison with Induction Motors During Voltage Sag Conditions
M. Hosseinzadeh A. Sadoughi

This study compares Direct Torque Flux Control (DTFC) performance of a three-phase Induction Motor (IM) and its equal Line-Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (LSPMSM). Simulation results of line-starting DTFC method of an IM and its equal LSPMSM (for both normal a More

This study compares Direct Torque Flux Control (DTFC) performance of a three-phase Induction Motor (IM) and its equal Line-Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (LSPMSM). Simulation results of line-starting DTFC method of an IM and its equal LSPMSM (for both normal and voltage sag conditions) is compared and analyzed. In addition, field weakening region is evaluated. The advantages of the discussed control strategy over line-starting are also investigated for LSPMSM. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

247 - Multi Objective Network Reconfiguration for Distribution System with Micro-Grids Power Exchange using Max-Min Fuzzy Method and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
A. Fattahi Meyabadi H. Sohrabiani

A group of small generators and energy storages in the low or medium voltage distribution systems beside of consumers emerge to a new power system called micro grid. Micro grids are designed to have secure and economic operation isolated and connected to the network and More

A group of small generators and energy storages in the low or medium voltage distribution systems beside of consumers emerge to a new power system called micro grid. Micro grids are designed to have secure and economic operation isolated and connected to the network and exchange electrical energy with distribution system. Hence, they may impact on planning and scheduling of distribution systems. In this case, network reconfiguration is a considerable issue after presenting of micro grids to the system. In the previous studies regarding to this issue, micro grid is considered as a distributed generation which should only produce electricity to the network. In this paper, micro grid is modeled as a power exchanger in the distribution network to study the effect of it on the network reconfiguration. For this purpose, reconfiguration is formulated as a multi objective optimization problem using max-min fuzzy method. In this problem, power loss reduction and load balancing among feeders are two independent objectives and voltage profile, lines congestion, radial network structure and load flow are equality and inequality constraints. Particle swarm algorithm is applied to solve the optimization problem and the reconfiguration over two 33 and 70 buses IEEE test network is shown. Results demonstrate that replacing traditional distribution systems by modern active networks and exchanging power with micro grids can lead to increase the reliability of system and more economic operation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

248 - Joint Blind Equalization and Decoding over Frequency Selective Channels in OFDM Systems Using Particle Filtering Joint Blind Equalization and Decoding over Frequency Selective Channels in OFDM Systems Using Particle Filtering
N. Ghasemi M. F. Sabahi A. R. Forouzan

In this paper a sequential algorithm is proposed for joint blind channel equalization and decoding for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) in frequency selective channels. This algorithm offers a recursive method to sequentially calculate the posterior pro More

In this paper a sequential algorithm is proposed for joint blind channel equalization and decoding for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) in frequency selective channels. This algorithm offers a recursive method to sequentially calculate the posterior probability for maximum a posteriori (MAP) detection. Recursive calculations are done along the indexes in each OFDM symbol using a particle filter. By defining an appropriate importance function, and a proper prior probability distribution function for the channel tap coefficients (and marginalizing it), an efficient method is presented for joint equalization and channel decoding in OFDM based systems. Performance of the proposed detector is evaluated using computer simulations and its bit error rate is compared with the trained turbo equalizer and a conventional particle filter-based method. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the previously presented particle filter-based method without a need for training data. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

249 - Wavelet Detection of Partial Discharges in High Voltage Cables
B. Badrzadeh S. M. Shahrtash

This paper has proposed an on-line method of partial discharges (PDs) detection. Fundamental difficulty in PD measurement is that PD signal is so minute that can be easily contaminated by huge amount of noise and this makes PD detection rather obscure. Thus, noise reduc More

This paper has proposed an on-line method of partial discharges (PDs) detection. Fundamental difficulty in PD measurement is that PD signal is so minute that can be easily contaminated by huge amount of noise and this makes PD detection rather obscure. Thus, noise reduction algorithms have been extensively deployed to mitigate the noise. Among which, Digital Signal Processing (DSP) techniques are becoming more and more applicable. Compared by linear predictor and Least Mean Square (LMS), a wavelet-based noise reduction algorithm has been utilised. Some significant considerations in wavelet denoising such as selection of level of decomposition and reconstruction, mother wavelets, methods of signal extension,thresholding criterion have been discussed deeply. In order to prove the effectiveness of our algorithm, real data extracted from an 11 kV cable has been used Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

250 - Optimal Power Flow in the Smart Distribution Grid Based on the Optimal Load Curtailment and Voltage Stability Index Improvement
S. Derafshi Beigvand H. Abdi

Smart grid is the result of enabling consumers in the power system in order to play an effective role in the power system planning and operation processes. The communication, control, and measurement infrastructures create a two-way intelligent communication between use More

Smart grid is the result of enabling consumers in the power system in order to play an effective role in the power system planning and operation processes. The communication, control, and measurement infrastructures create a two-way intelligent communication between users and the network which facilitates the effective implementation of demand response programs (DRPs) such as the direct load control (DLC). In this paper, optimal power flow as an important research topic in the power systems is presented based on DLC and a new voltage stability index. Simple calculations, voltage dependence, indirect dependence to the load and network topology, and also not reducing the network into a two-bus equivalent model, have made the proposed voltage stability index more applicable to real-time calculations considering the load pattern changes. In the proposed method, the optimal load curtailment in some selected loads of the network, with the aim of improving the voltage stability index of the weakest bus is evaluated. Finally, in order to show the effectiveness of the suggested method, it is applied to a 69-bus radial distribution network as an intelligent system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

251 - Application of Wide-Area Synchrophasor Measurement System to Alleviate Blackouts by Rotor Angle Instability
S. Kiarostami S. Kiarostami

In this paper, a Wide-Area protection system to deal with rotor angle instabilities is proposed. Firstly, a system blackout model is developed and secondly the extreme contingencies that lead to large blackouts are extracted. Initiating events that ultimately lead to ro More

In this paper, a Wide-Area protection system to deal with rotor angle instabilities is proposed. Firstly, a system blackout model is developed and secondly the extreme contingencies that lead to large blackouts are extracted. Initiating events that ultimately lead to rotor angle instabilities are determined by artificial neural network (ANN). Coherent generators are detected by an algorithm using the data presented by phasor measurement units (PMUs). Based on identification of coherent generators, the power system is split into stable islands by disconnecting the weak interconnecting lines and load shedding. The performance of the proposed strategy is verified by simulations on the IEEE 39-bus sample power system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

252 - Particle Filter with Adaptive Observation Model
H. Haeri H. Sadoghi Yazdi

Particle filter is an effective tool for the object tracking problem. However, obtaining an accurate model for the system state and the observations is an essential requirement. Therefore, one of the areas of interest for the researchers is estimating the observation fu More

Particle filter is an effective tool for the object tracking problem. However, obtaining an accurate model for the system state and the observations is an essential requirement. Therefore, one of the areas of interest for the researchers is estimating the observation function according to the learning data. The observation function can be considered linear or nonlinear. The existing methods for estimating the observation function are faced some problems such as: 1) dependency to the initial value of parameters in expectation-maximization based methods and 2) requiring a set of predefined models for the multiple models based methods. In this paper, a new unsupervised method based on the kernel adaptive filters is presented to overcome the above mentioned problems. To do so, least mean squares/ recursive least squares adaptive filters are used to estimate the nonlinear observation function. Here, given the known process function and a sequence of observations, the unknown observation function is estimated. Moreover, to accelerate the algorithm and reduce the computational costs, a sparsification method based on approximate linear dependency is used. The proposed method is evaluated in two applications: time series forecasting and tracking objects in video. Results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method compared with the existing algorithms. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

253 - Design and Implementation of a New Adaptive Sliding Mode for Current Control in Islanding Mode Operation
M. M. Ghanbarian M. Nayeripour A. H. Rajaei

This paper proposes a new modified adaptive sliding mode controller in order to control the inverters of DGS in the voltage and current (power) control modes in a microgrid. An observer is used to estimate the uncertain parameters in controller design and considering t More

This paper proposes a new modified adaptive sliding mode controller in order to control the inverters of DGS in the voltage and current (power) control modes in a microgrid. An observer is used to estimate the uncertain parameters in controller design and considering these estimated values, the controller is adapted to new condition. In the power management strategy, one of inverter controls the voltage and the other inverter controls the load current and balances the active power. Due to delays in startup power electronic converter and sliding mode controller, the result of controller implementation with classical controllers does not meet the requirement and so, considering these delays with adaptive controller, the performance will be improved considerably and the reference signal will be tracked with lower steady state error in comparison with classical sliding mode controller. Moreover, this controller reduces the total harmonic distortion and improves the rms and peak value tracking. Implementation of system using DSP/TMS320F28335 as well as MATLAB simulation validates the performance of system in different conditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

254 - Feature Extraction and Lexicon Expanded in Opinion Mining through Persian Reviews
E. Golpar-Rabooki S. Zarghamifar S. Zarghamifar

Opinion mining deals with an analysis of user reviews for extracting their opinions, sentiments and demands in a specific area, which plays an important role in making major decisions in such areas. In general, opinion mining extracts user reviews at three levels of doc More

Opinion mining deals with an analysis of user reviews for extracting their opinions, sentiments and demands in a specific area, which plays an important role in making major decisions in such areas. In general, opinion mining extracts user reviews at three levels of document, sentence and feature. Opinion mining at the feature level is taken into consideration more than the other two levels due to orientation analysis of different aspects of an area. In this paper, one method is introduced for a feature extraction. The recommended method consists of four main stages. First, opinion-mining lexicon for Persian is created. This lexicon is used to determine the orientation of users’ reviews. Second, the preprocessing stage includes unification of writing, tokenization, creating parts-of-speech tagging and syntactic dependency parsing for documents. Third, the extraction of features uses the method including dependency grammar based feature extraction. Fourth, the features and polarities of the word reviews extracted in the previous stage are modified and the final features' polarity is determined. To assess the suggested techniques, a set of user reviews in both scopes of university and cell phone areas were collected and the results of the method were compared with frequency-based feature extraction method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

255 - Presenting Technique for the Quantitative Evaluation of Image Color Reduction Algorithms by Explaining a Practical Sample
M. Fateh E. Kabir

In color reduction algorithms the result will be evaluated based on visual or qualitative standards. Evaluation without considering the quantitative standard wouldn't be a complete and accurate evaluation and trends of viewer are very effective on the evaluation. In som More

In color reduction algorithms the result will be evaluated based on visual or qualitative standards. Evaluation without considering the quantitative standard wouldn't be a complete and accurate evaluation and trends of viewer are very effective on the evaluation. In some articles, the result will be evaluated with MSE. In this standard error the difference between the final images’ pixels color with first image will be considered as a failure in which is not a suitable technique for evaluating of color reduction methods. In images color reduction, if a color completely be replaced by a color closed to the original color it wouldn’t be considered as a failure. If these replacements don’t happen for all of those specific color pixels, then an error has happened in color reduction. The disintegration of the resulted colors from color reduction algorithm with desired colors should be considered in presenting the evaluation criteria since this will not be considered in MSE. In some of color reduction applications such as color reduction in the carpet cartoons, the final desired pixel color is specified and presenting the wrong color will be an error. Therefore, in such applications, the quantitative evaluation based on final color of each pixel is possible. By presenting criteria for quantitative evaluation, viewer trends wouldn't be considered in evaluation and the possibility of accurate comparison of color reduction algorithms would take place. In this article, we have presented a technique of quantitative evaluation for color reduction algorithms. When the final desired color for pixels are specified, this criteria would work out. To demonstrate the functionality of this quantitative evaluation technique, one of the applications of color reduction which is color reduction in carpet cartoons would be discussed. Several methods of color reduction would be evaluated based on proposed evaluation criteria and reference [42], had the lowest error. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

256 - An Efficient Routing Algorithm for Three-Dimensional Networks On-Chip with Partially Vertical Links
F. Vahdat Panah Ahmad patooghy

Three-Dimensional Chips are made of stacking silicon layers which communicate with each other by Through-Silicon-Via (TSV) links. Manufacturing cost of Three-Dimensional chips is a function of the number of TSVs because the fabricating of a three-dimensional chip with f More

Three-Dimensional Chips are made of stacking silicon layers which communicate with each other by Through-Silicon-Via (TSV) links. Manufacturing cost of Three-Dimensional chips is a function of the number of TSVs because the fabricating of a three-dimensional chip with fully vertical links is of high cost and high fabrication complexity. The packet routing strategies in the 3D NoCs with partially TSVs is more complex than that in the 2D NoCs. In this paper, we proposed a routing algorithm for the 3D NoCs with partial TSVs, which provides a dynamic routing with maximum adaptivity for packets by dividing the network into three groups of layers, rows and columns. This algorithm is independent of vertical channel's position but related to layer number of the current packet and based on the layer number, odd or even, uses a special turn strategy to route packets on rows and columns with odd or even numbers. The proposed routing algorithm mitigates deadlock and livelock with only two virtual. The experiments show that average packet latency in proposed algorithm is 32.8% smaller than that in Elevator_First which is a well-known algorithm for packet routing in 3D chips. Also, this improvement on average packet latency and network throughput will be more with increasing on network size and reduction on TSV number. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

257 - Placement of AVRs and Reconfiguration of Distribution Networks Simultaneously and Robust Considering Load Uncertainty
M. R. Shakarami Y. Mohammadi Pour

: In this paper, optimal locating for AVRs and reconfiguration of distribution networks were assessed simultaneously as an optimization problem. A new objective function was introducing which incorporated several electrical indices including real power losses, reactive More

: In this paper, optimal locating for AVRs and reconfiguration of distribution networks were assessed simultaneously as an optimization problem. A new objective function was introducing which incorporated several electrical indices including real power losses, reactive power losses, reliability, voltage profile, voltage stability, and load capacity of lines (MVA). Various load levels were incorporated into the objective function to make sure that switch status in reconfiguration and AVR taps and locations would be robust against load variations. This paper also introduced a new method for calculating the load levels with respect to load uncertainty. It also considered all loads based on a voltage-dependent model. Several scenarios are defined to thoroughly assess the proposed approach. Integer particle swarm optimization algorithm (IPSO) was used to solve the mentioned optimization problem. The results obtained by the simulation of 33-bus and 69-bus standard IEEE .radial power distribution networks demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

258 - Optimal and Simultaneously Compensation of Active, and Reactive Powers in Power System Using of Plug in Electric Vehicle
f. rashidi H. Feshki Farahani

Plug in electric vehicles besides environment pollution reduction can help power system operation. One of the most important capabilities of them is providing activeand reactive power. This paper considers grid constraints, technical concerns and market price and propos More

Plug in electric vehicles besides environment pollution reduction can help power system operation. One of the most important capabilities of them is providing activeand reactive power. This paper considers grid constraints, technical concerns and market price and proposes a framework to allocate the PEV capacity such that operational cost paid by distribution system operator (DSO) to power provider of active and reactive power is minimized. For this purpose, an objective function is defined that includes the payment for each power provider. This objective function is minimized based on particle swarm optimization subject to grid and vehicles constraints. In this framework, the PEVs compete with generator to produce active and reactive power. In order to accelerate the optimization process and prevent the algorithm from being trapped in local optima, new heuristic approaches are included to the original PSO algorithm. To evaluate the effectiveness of the propose method, it is implemented on the low voltage with 134 customer and including the other power providers and the amount of each participants production and payment cost to each component is determined. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

259 - Optimum Design of Out-runner PM BLDC Motor with High Torque Density for Flywheel Applications as Energy Storages: Design, FEA and Fabrication
O. Safdarzadeh H. Torkaman Mohammad Mahdavy Fakhr

Optimum design of electrical motors may be considered as a complex optimization problem due to the wide variety of mechanical, electrical, electromagnetics parameters, although recently it can be accomplished utilizing heuristic optimization algorithms. In this paper op More

Optimum design of electrical motors may be considered as a complex optimization problem due to the wide variety of mechanical, electrical, electromagnetics parameters, although recently it can be accomplished utilizing heuristic optimization algorithms. In this paper optimum design of an out-runner PM BLDC motor for flywheel energy storage applications is performed. The optimization utilized particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to achieve maximum torque density. Accordingly, the motor design equations are employed in the fitness function of the algorithm. Based on the random initial values and respecting the designs constraints, the optimum design is achieved. Effectiveness of the algorithm results are verified by finite element analysis (FEA) and motor operating parameters are obtained and analyzed. Finally, the prototype of the motor is fabricated and experimental results are demonstrated to show the applicability of the model and analysis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

260 - Robust Scheduling of a Smart Microgrid Connected to the Grid Considering Air Pollution in the Presence of Controllable Loads
amin namvar NAVID TAGHIZADEGAN KALANTARI

The microgrid is a set of local energy producers and consumers that can be utilized with low cost and high reliability. In this paper, a robust multi-objective model is proposed to reduce operating costs and carbon emissions in which a smart grid utilizes a wind turbine More

The microgrid is a set of local energy producers and consumers that can be utilized with low cost and high reliability. In this paper, a robust multi-objective model is proposed to reduce operating costs and carbon emissions in which a smart grid utilizes a wind turbine and micro-turbine to feed its connected loads. The microgrid also uses a battery to store electrical energy in off-peak hours and to deliver energy in on-peak hours. On the other hand, it is connected to the main grid and can exchange energy with it. Consumers connected to this microgrid are divided into two groups. The first group is uncontrollable loads with certain load pattern and the second group is controllable loads that have certain energy consumption but can be controlled by the operating time. The proposed model is a mixed-integer linear programming problem and is simulated with the CPLEX solver in GAMS software. The results show that when the price of electricity is low, the loads are often supplied by grid electricity, and when the price of electricity is high, they are often fed by micro-turbines, batteries, and wind turbines. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

261 - A Multigate Scheme to Improve CORPL under Traffic Load in Cognitive Radio Based Smart Grids with Mesh Topology
S. A. Hashemian V. Tabatabvakili

The conventional power grid has several drawbacks and a new powerful smart grid perspective has been recently introduced. The smart grid principle, allowing to efficiently manage an electrical grid network, needs to exploit a communication network for interconnecting t More

The conventional power grid has several drawbacks and a new powerful smart grid perspective has been recently introduced. The smart grid principle, allowing to efficiently manage an electrical grid network, needs to exploit a communication network for interconnecting the Smart Grid devices. An increasing interest is toward wireless communications due to their higher flexibility. Within this context cognitive radio (CR) techniques has been introduced aiming to exploit more efficiently the radio spectrum resources. In neighborhood area network (NAN), mesh grids can be considered as one of possible network topologies. In such networks no base station is required and data will be sent to gateway by means of nodes themselves. Hence, routing is one of the main issues in such networks. Routing in such networks should be done by a protocol which maximizes throughput against cognitive radio drawbacks and Packets delay in such protocol needs to be minimum and suitable for smart grids applications. CORPL has been introduced as a routing protocol to meet some of these goals. In this paper by CORPL functionality would be evaluated under burst and poisson traffic. It will be shown that by increasing active nodes, CORPL functionality would be decreased. Then average upper limit for delay would be mathematically modeled and to reduce that a multigate scheme would be introduced. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

262 - Optimal Design of Six-Phase Radial Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Small Scale Wind Turbine Applications
M. E. Moazzen S. A. Gholamian

This paper presents optimal design of a six-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) for use in direct drive wind turbines. High Dimensions and manufacturing cost and low efficiency are the disadvantages of generators connected to wind turbines without gearbo More

This paper presents optimal design of a six-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) for use in direct drive wind turbines. High Dimensions and manufacturing cost and low efficiency are the disadvantages of generators connected to wind turbines without gearbox because of their low nominal speed. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to optimize the design of the PMSG based on the reduction of losses and the construction cost of the generator. For this purpose, the relations governing the design of the radial flux PMSG have been introduced and then a design algorithm has been extracted. Subsequently, by defining a multi-objective optimization problem and using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, the optimum design variables are determined in a suitable range and the minimum losses and construction cost of the generator are obtained. The optimal design has been verified by using finite element analysis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

263 - Investigating the Absorption Performance of Ink-Jet Printed Microwave Transmission Line at S Band
Mohammad Momeni-Nasab سیدمنصور بیدکی Mohsen Hadizadeh Masoud Movahhedi

Ink-jet printing technology is one of the most promising printing techniques enabling fabrication of conductive patterns in a one-step and direct process. In this study, a microwave transmission line is fabricated on RO4003C substrate using water-based reactive inks and More

Ink-jet printing technology is one of the most promising printing techniques enabling fabrication of conductive patterns in a one-step and direct process. In this study, a microwave transmission line is fabricated on RO4003C substrate using water-based reactive inks and ink-jet printing technique. The fabricated transmission line structure includes an ink-jet printed silver line, a dielectric layer, and a continuous metallic ground plate. The conductivity of the printed line is measured using Four-point probe method. The electromagnetic wave absorption rate of the printed transmission line is simulated according to the measured conductivity, which proves a good agreement with the measured absorption rate at S band (2-4 GHz frequency range). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

264 - Robust Human Physical Activity Recognition Using Smartphone Sensors
Mahdi Yazdian Dehkordi Zahra Abedi Nasim Khani

Human physical activity recognition using gyroscope and accelerometer sensors of smartphones has attracted many researches in recent years. In this paper, the performance of principle component analysis feature extraction method and several classifiers including support More

Human physical activity recognition using gyroscope and accelerometer sensors of smartphones has attracted many researches in recent years. In this paper, the performance of principle component analysis feature extraction method and several classifiers including support vector machine, logestic regression, Adaboost and convolutional neural network are evaluated to propose an efficient system for human activity recognition. The proposed system can improve the classification accuracy in comparison with the state of the art researches in this field. The performance of a physical activity recognition system is expected to be robust on different smartphone platforms. The quality of smartphone sensors and their corresponding noises vary considerably between different smartphone models and sometimes within the same model. Therefore, it is beneficial to study the effect of noise on the efficiency of the human activity recognition system. In this paper, the robustness of the investigated classifiers are also studied in various level of sensor noises to find the best robust solution for this purpose. The experimental results, which is provided on a well-known human activity recognition dataset, show that the support vector machine with averaged accuracy of 96.34% perform more robust than the other classifiers on different level of sensor noises. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

265 - Efficient Document Partitioning for Load Balancing between Servers Using Term Frequency of Past Queries
Reyhaneh Torab Sajjad Zarifzadeh

The main goal of web search engines is to find the most relevant results with respect to the user query in a shortest possible time. To do so, the crawled documents have to be partitioned between several servers in order to use their aggregate retrieval and processing p More

The main goal of web search engines is to find the most relevant results with respect to the user query in a shortest possible time. To do so, the crawled documents have to be partitioned between several servers in order to use their aggregate retrieval and processing power. The search engines use different policies for efficient partitioning of documents. In this paper, we propose a new document partitioning method that intends to balance the load between servers to reduce the response time of queries. The idea is to weigh each term based on its daily frequency in log of past queries. We then assign a weight to each document via summing the weight of its substituent terms. The weight of a document approximates the likelihood of its presence in future search results. Finally, the documents are partitioned between servers in a way that the sum of document weights in each server becomes roughly equal. Our evaluation results show that the proposed method is able to balance the load by about 20% better than former algorithms, especially in the peak of search engine traffic. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

266 - Family of Variable Step-Size Affine Projection Adaptive Algorithms in Diffusion Distributed Networks
Mohammad S. E. Abadi E. Heydari

Distributed processing uses local computations at each node and communications among neighboring nodes to solve the problems over the entire network. Diffusion is one of the methods for performing distributed networks. This paper presents a novel Variable Step-Size Diff More

Distributed processing uses local computations at each node and communications among neighboring nodes to solve the problems over the entire network. Diffusion is one of the methods for performing distributed networks. This paper presents a novel Variable Step-Size Diffusion Affine Projection Algorithm (VSS-DAPA) to improve the performance of the Diffusion Affine Projection Algorithm (DAPA) in distributed networks. The variable step-size of each node is obtained by minimizing the Mean-Square Deviation (MSD) in that node. In comparison with Diffusion Affine Projection Algorithm (DAPA), the VSS-DAPA algorithm has faster convergence speed and lower steady-state error. To reduce the computational complexity of VSS-DAPA, the Variable Step-Size Selective Regressors Diffusion Affine Projection Algorithm (VSS-SR-DAPA), the Variable Step-Size Dynamic Selection of Diffusion Affine Projection Algorithm (VSS-DS-DAPA) and Variable Step-Size Selective Partial Update Diffusion Affine Projection Algorithm (VSS-SPU-DAPA) are proposed. Simulation results show the good performance of proposed algorithms in convergence speed and steady-state error. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

267 - Green Cloud Computing with Reduced Energy Consumption in Live Migration Prioritizing Services
Mohammad Rostami Salman Goli

Today, the rapid growth in cloud computing resources usage has increased energy consumption in data centers. Green cloud computing goal is to decrease the energy consumption of data centers. In the meantime, service aggregation is a good method to reduce energy consumpt More

Today, the rapid growth in cloud computing resources usage has increased energy consumption in data centers. Green cloud computing goal is to decrease the energy consumption of data centers. In the meantime, service aggregation is a good method to reduce energy consumption in these systems. Existing aggregation methods with unnecessary migration, the unbalanced workload of hosts, and ignoring the relationship between services may reduce the quality of service and increase energy consumption. Therefore, in this study, by migrating the necessary services based on priority (including the number of children, the level and communication cost of each service), from hosts with the unbalanced workload to hosts that contain partner services, the productivity of available resources is improved and the energy consumption is decreased. Live services migration based on prioritizing and minimizing the number of migrations can also lead to response time decrease and system efficiency increase. The proposed method can lead to an 11.79% decrease in energy consumption, a 12.15% reduction in the number of service migrations, and a 1.55% increase in the number of hosts that have been shut down. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

268 - A Hybrid Long-Term Probabilistic Net Load Forecasting Approach Considering Renewable Energies Power in Smart Grids
Mohsen Jahantigh majid moazzami

With the growth and integration of distributed generation resources in smart grids, net load forecasting is of significant importance. A hybrid optimization method is proposed in this paper for probabilistic net load forecasting using neighborhood component analysis and More

With the growth and integration of distributed generation resources in smart grids, net load forecasting is of significant importance. A hybrid optimization method is proposed in this paper for probabilistic net load forecasting using neighborhood component analysis and solving regression problem with the aid of mini-batch LBFGS method. Net load forecasting is suggested in this paper trough forecast combination via adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system. The structure includes a combination of several long-term forecasts, including forecasts of load, the generation of a solar station, and the generation of a wind farm with wind turbines equipped with doubly-fed induction generator. Also, the net load forecasting and the relationship between errors of load, wind and solar predictions are studied in this paper. The simulation results of the proposed method and its comparison with Tao and quantile regression models show that mean absolute percentage error of load forecasting, and the forecasts of solar and wind generations improved by 0.947%, 0.3079% and 0042%, respectively which result to a decrease in net load forecasting error. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

269 - Performance Improvement of Polynomial Neural Network Classifier using Whale Optimization Algorithm
Mahsa Memari A. Harifi a. Khalili

Polynomial neural network (PNN) is a supervised learning algorithm which is one of the most popular models used in real applications. The architectural complexity of polynomial neural network in terms of both number of partial descriptions (PDs) and number of layers, le More

Polynomial neural network (PNN) is a supervised learning algorithm which is one of the most popular models used in real applications. The architectural complexity of polynomial neural network in terms of both number of partial descriptions (PDs) and number of layers, leads to more computation time and more storage space requirement. In general, it can be said that the architecture of the polynomial neural networks is very complex and it requires large memory and computation time. In this research, a novel approach has been proposed to improve the classification performance of a polynomial neural network using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (PNN-WOA). In this approach, the PDs are generated at the first layer based on the combination of two features. The second layer nodes consists of PDs generated in the first layer, input variables and bias. Finally, the polynomial neural network output is obtained by sum of weighted values of the second layer outputs. Using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), the best vector of weighting coefficients will be obtained in such a way that the PNN network reach to the highest classification accuracy. Eleven different dataset from UCI database has been used as input data of proposed PNN-WOA and the results has been presented. The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches such as PNN-RCGA, PNN-MOPPSO, RCPNN-PSO and S-TWSVM in most cases. For datasets, an improvement of accuracy between 0.18% and 10.33% can be seen. Also, the results of the Friedman test indicate the statistical superiority of the proposed PNN-WOA model compared to other methods with p value of 0.039. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

270 - Assessment of Demand Side Resources Potential in Presence of Cooling and Heating Equipment Using Data Mining Method Based Upon K-Means Clustering Algorithm
fatemeh sheibani M. Mollahassani-pour هنگامه کشاورز

Under the smart power systems, determining the amount of Demand Response Resources(DRRs) potential is considered as a crucial issue due to affecting in all energy policy decisions. In this paper, the potential of DRRs in presence of cooling and heating equipment are ide More

Under the smart power systems, determining the amount of Demand Response Resources(DRRs) potential is considered as a crucial issue due to affecting in all energy policy decisions. In this paper, the potential of DRRs in presence of cooling and heating equipment are identified using k-means clustering algorithm as a data mining technique. In this regard, the energy consumption dataset are categorized in different clusters by k-means algorithm based upon variations of energy price and ambient temperature during peak hours of hot (Spring and Summer) and cold (Autumn and Winter) periods. Then, the clusters with the possibility of cooling and heating equipment’s commitment are selected. After that, the confidence interval diagram of energy consumption in elected clusters is provided based upon energy price variations. The nominal potential of DRRs, i.e. flexible load, will be obtained regarding the maximum and minimum differences between the average of energy consumption in upper and middle thresholds of the confidence interval diagram. The energy consumption, ambient temperature and energy price related to BOSTON electricity network over a six-year horizon time is utilized to evaluate the proposed model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

271 - Investigation of Leakage Current and Surface Temperature of 230 kV Composite Insulator Under the Influence of Moisture and Contamination Conditions
Saman Mohammadnabi Khosrow Rahmani

As moisture condenses on the surface of the contaminated insulators, the electrical conductivity of the insulator surface increases, resulting in a leakage current on the surface and causing the insulators to fail. Condensation of moisture on the insulator surface occur More

As moisture condenses on the surface of the contaminated insulators, the electrical conductivity of the insulator surface increases, resulting in a leakage current on the surface and causing the insulators to fail. Condensation of moisture on the insulator surface occurs due to the mechanism of radiation cooling, mainly in the early mornings of winters. In this case, the temperature of the insulator surface is lower than the dew point. In this paper, a sample of real fine dust collected from the dust center and chemical analysis and measurement of electrical conductivity in the wet state were performed. By simulating a 230-kV contaminated composite insulator in COMSOL Multiphysics software, the magnitude of leakage current was obtained and verified by an experimental test. Also, using heat transfer governing relations, the temperature of the insulator surface during the leakage current flow, was determined and compared with the images captured by the thermo-vision camera during the test. The results show that the leakage current and the surface temperature of the insulator increase with increasing the conduction and thickness of the contamination layer and consequently the probability of insulator failure also increases. Experimental testing shows that simulation of insulators with finite elements-based commercial software can be a reliable method for pre-analysis of insulators. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

272 - Energy-Aware Data Gathering in Rechargeable Wireless Sensor Networks Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Vahideh Farahani Leili Farzinvash Mina Zolfy Lighvan Rahim Abri Lighvan

This paper investigates the problem of data gathering in rechargeable Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The low energy harvesting rate of rechargeable nodes necessitates effective energy management in these networks. The existing schemes did not comprehensively examine t More

This paper investigates the problem of data gathering in rechargeable Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The low energy harvesting rate of rechargeable nodes necessitates effective energy management in these networks. The existing schemes did not comprehensively examine the important aspects of energy-aware data gathering including sleep scheduling, and energy-aware clustering and routing. Additionally, most of them proposed greedy algorithms with poor performance. As a result, nodes run out of energy intermittently and temporary disconnections occur throughout the network. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient data gathering algorithm namely Energy-aware Data Gathering in Rechargeable wireless sensor networks (EDGR). The proposed algorithm divides the original problem into three phases namely sleep scheduling, clustering, and routing, and solves them successively using particle swarm optimization algorithm. As derived from the simulation results, the EDGR algorithm improves the average and standard deviation of the energy stored in the nodes by 17% and 5.6 times, respectively, compared to the previous methods. Also, the packet loss ratio and energy consumption for delivering data to the sink of this scheme is very small and almost zero Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

273 - Broadband Printed Microstrip Antenna Loaded by Wideband AMC Structure for MIMO Systems
حسین ملک پور شهرکی Ali Abolmasoumi

In this paper, a wideband printed antenna over an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface is introduced which can be utilized for wireless applications such as WLAN, WiMAX, and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. In the proposed structure, a planar AMC su More

In this paper, a wideband printed antenna over an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface is introduced which can be utilized for wireless applications such as WLAN, WiMAX, and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. In the proposed structure, a planar AMC surface as the antenna ground plane is used to direct the radiation pattern of the antenna, and enhancing the impedance bandwidth. The proposed antenna design is composed of a pair of printed microstrip elements fed by an E-shape feed line for coupling the elements. The bandwidth of the designed antenna includes from 4.94 GHz to 6.9 GHz with a return loss of less than -10dBforlinear polarization in C-band. The rhombic-shape AMC unit cell indicates the bandwidth of 5.24-7.15 GHz for the ±90˚ reflection phase. By adding the AMC surface into the printed antenna, a wideband structure with acceptable miniaturization and gain enhancement to 7.25 dBi is achieved. The simulated results of the antenna’s impedance properties are performed by using full-wave simulators of HFSS and CST. Also, two-element array of the proposed design are investigated for different polarizations. Based on the obtained results, the operating bandwidth includes the frequency range from5.18GHz to 6.81 GHz and the isolation between the array elements is less than -22 dB. For this purpose, the antenna arrays can be applied for MIMO systems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

274 - Robust Planning of False Data Injection Attack on Electricity Markets in Smart Grids
Hamed Badrsimaei R. Hooshmand Soghra Nobakhtian

False data injection attack (FDIA) is a destructive cyber threat to the economic performance of electricity markets in smart grids. A cyber attacker can make a huge financial profit by implementing an FDIA through penetrating the virtual transactions of the electricity More

False data injection attack (FDIA) is a destructive cyber threat to the economic performance of electricity markets in smart grids. A cyber attacker can make a huge financial profit by implementing an FDIA through penetrating the virtual transactions of the electricity markets and manipulating electricity prices. In this paper, a new approach to planning an absolutely stealthily FDIA is presented with the aim of achieving maximum financial profit from the perspective of a cyber attacker participating in virtual transactions from two markets of day-ahead (DA) and real-time (RT). A common hypothesis in studies of FDIAs against electricity markets is that the attacker has complete information about the smart grid. But the fact is that the attacker has limited resources and can hardly access all the network information. This paper proposes a robust approach in designing an attack strategy under incomplete network information conditions. In particular, it is assumed that the attacker has uncertainties about the network modeling matrices. The validity of the proposed method is evaluated based on the IEEE 14-bus standard system using the Matpower tool. Numerical results confirm the relative success of the proposed attack in cases of varying degrees of incomplete information. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

275 - A New Measure for Partitioning of Block-Centric Graph Processing Systems
Masoud Sagharichian Morteza Alipour Langouri

Block-centric graph processing systems have received significant attention in recent years. To produce the required partitions, most of these systems use general-purpose partitioning methods. As a result, the performance of them has been limited. To face this problem, s More

Block-centric graph processing systems have received significant attention in recent years. To produce the required partitions, most of these systems use general-purpose partitioning methods. As a result, the performance of them has been limited. To face this problem, special partitioning algorithms have been proposed by researchers. However, these methods focused on traditional partitioning measures like the number of cutting-edges and the load-balance. In return, the power of block-centric graph processing systems is due to unique characteristics that are focused on the design of them. According to basic and important characteristics of these systems, in this paper two new measures are proposed as partitioning goals. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed method is the first work that considers the diameter and size of the high-level graph as optimization factors for partitioning purposes. The evaluation of the proposed method over real graphs showed that we could significantly reduce the diameter of the high-level graph. Moreover, the number of cutting-edges of the proposed method are very close to Metis, one of most popular centralized partitioning methods. Since the number of required supersteps in block-centric graph processing systems mainly depends on the diameter of the high-level graph, the proposed method can significantly improve the performance of these systems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

276 - Finding the Cause of Metal Oxide Surge Arresters' Failures in Mountainous Areas of Khuzestan Province; Engineering Experiences of Analyzing Field Results in a Very Large 33 kV Network
Elaheh Mashhour Seyed Hamidreza Alemohammad

This paper presents the findings of a practical study to detect the degradation factors of metal-oxide surge arresters in a distribution network in the mountainous region of Izeh, which experiences two warm and temperate climates annually. The surge arresters have defec More

This paper presents the findings of a practical study to detect the degradation factors of metal-oxide surge arresters in a distribution network in the mountainous region of Izeh, which experiences two warm and temperate climates annually. The surge arresters have defected in both periods when the network operating conditions and weather conditions are completely different. However, the appearance of the defected surge arresters in these periods is different. In this paper, by simulating the network, its permanent and transient state behaviors are analyzed. Based on the results and environmental conditions, the appropriate arresters' specifications for the network are obtained and compared with existing arresters. By considering different scenarios for ground resistance of arresters, the changes in energy absorbed by arresters are evaluated and the results are compared with those obtained in the practical reduction of ground resistance of some of arresters. By adding several arresters to the network, changes in the absorbed energy of arresters are investigated. Based on the research findings, the causes of arresters' failures in both warm and temperate periods are investigated. Finally, the findings of this research are validated by comparing the simulation results with field events, and some solutions are presented to overcome the problems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

277 - Investigating the Transfer of Learning in the in-Service- Learning in Education Department: Case Study (Khorasan Razavi Province)
سید محمدتقی سجادی

The purpose of this study is to investigate the transfer of learning in the in-service training courses of Education Department. Thus, the study went on to identify those training courses which failed, how this failure took place and what repercussions occurred and then More

The purpose of this study is to investigate the transfer of learning in the in-service training courses of Education Department. Thus, the study went on to identify those training courses which failed, how this failure took place and what repercussions occurred and then to design the process of the justification model. Participants of this study consisted of those teachers who had participated in development courses. These participants were 23 teachers from Khorasan Razavi Province, selected purposefully on the basis of data saturation. This study was conducted within qualitative approach using grounded theory method. In order to gather the sine quo non data, semi-structured interviews were used. Afterwards, the interviews were recorded and transcribed. To analyze the gathered narrative data, Strauss and Corbin's method came to help. Consequently, two core phenomena, namely Learning and Learning Transfer emerged which emanated from contextual conditions such as learners, trainers, content, facilities and equipment, time and space, evaluation and feedback. These two phenomena culminated in outcomes which can be categorized as "consequences for Teachers" (such as negative attitude towards training, wastage of time, lack of quality teaching) and "Consequences for Students" (such as disorder and congestion, facing the same old stereotypical methods, lack of updated knowledge, apathy and monotony). At the end, to validate the emerged paradigm, the following criteria were applied: appropriateness (member check), comprehensiveness (member check), understanding (external audit and member check), and clarity (process description). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

278 - Investigating the Transfer of Learning in the in-Service- Learning in Education Department: Case Study (Khorasan Razavi Province)
سید محمدتقی سجادی

The purpose of this study is to investigate the transfer of learning in the in-service training courses of Education Department. Thus, the study went on to identify those training courses which failed, how this failure took place and what repercussions occurred and then More

The purpose of this study is to investigate the transfer of learning in the in-service training courses of Education Department. Thus, the study went on to identify those training courses which failed, how this failure took place and what repercussions occurred and then to design the process of the justification model. Participants of this study consisted of those teachers who had participated in development courses. These participants were 23 teachers from Khorasan Razavi Province, selected purposefully on the basis of data saturation. This study was conducted within qualitative approach using grounded theory method. In order to gather the sine quo non data, semi-structured interviews were used. Afterwards, the interviews were recorded and transcribed. To analyze the gathered narrative data, Strauss and Corbin's method came to help. Consequently, two core phenomena, namely Learning and Learning Transfer emerged which emanated from contextual conditions such as learners, trainers, content, facilities and equipment, time and space, evaluation and feedback. These two phenomena culminated in outcomes which can be categorized as "consequences for Teachers" (such as negative attitude towards training, wastage of time, lack of quality teaching) and "Consequences for Students" (such as disorder and congestion, facing the same old stereotypical methods, lack of updated knowledge, apathy and monotony). At the end, to validate the emerged paradigm, the following criteria were applied: appropriateness (member check), comprehensiveness (member check), understanding (external audit and member check), and clarity (process description). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

279 - The purpose of this study is to investigate the transfer of learning in the in-service training courses of Education Department. Thus, the study went on to identify those training courses which failed, how this failure took place and what repercussions occurred and then to design the process of the justification model. Participants of this study consisted of those teachers who had participated in development courses. These participants were 23 teachers from Khorasan Razavi Province, selected purposefully on the basis of data saturation. This study was conducted within qualitative approach using grounded theory method. In order to gather the sine quo non data, semi-structured interviews were used. Afterwards, the interviews were recorded and transcribed. To analyze the gathered narrative data, Strauss and Corbin's method came to help. Consequently, two core phenomena, namely Learning and Learning Transfer emerged which emanated from contextual conditions such as learners, trainers, content, facilities and equipment, time and space, evaluation and feedback. These two phenomena culminated in outcomes which can be categorized as "consequences for Teachers" (such as negative attitude towards training, wastage of time, lack of quality teaching) and "Consequences for Students" (such as disorder and congestion, facing the same old stereotypical methods, lack of updated knowledge, apathy and monotony). At the end, to validate the emerged paradigm, the following criteria were applied: appropriateness (member check), comprehensiveness (member check), understanding (external audit and member check), and clarity (process description).
سید محمدتقی سجادی مرجان کیان

The purpose of this study is to investigate the transfer of learning in the in-service training courses of Education Department. Thus, the study went on to identify those training courses which failed, how this failure took place and what repercussions occurred and then More

The purpose of this study is to investigate the transfer of learning in the in-service training courses of Education Department. Thus, the study went on to identify those training courses which failed, how this failure took place and what repercussions occurred and then to design the process of the justification model. Participants of this study consisted of those teachers who had participated in development courses. These participants were 23 teachers from Khorasan Razavi Province, selected purposefully on the basis of data saturation. This study was conducted within qualitative approach using grounded theory method. In order to gather the sine quo non data, semi-structured interviews were used. Afterwards, the interviews were recorded and transcribed. To analyze the gathered narrative data, Strauss and Corbin's method came to help. Consequently, two core phenomena, namely Learning and Learning Transfer emerged which emanated from contextual conditions such as learners, trainers, content, facilities and equipment, time and space, evaluation and feedback. These two phenomena culminated in outcomes which can be categorized as "consequences for Teachers" (such as negative attitude towards training, wastage of time, lack of quality teaching) and "Consequences for Students" (such as disorder and congestion, facing the same old stereotypical methods, lack of updated knowledge, apathy and monotony). At the end, to validate the emerged paradigm, the following criteria were applied: appropriateness (member check), comprehensiveness (member check), understanding (external audit and member check), and clarity (process description). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

280 - Evaluating Talent- based Development in Saipa Automobile Manufacturing Company
Khodayar Abili سارا رحمتی

The aim of this study was to determine the status of talent- based development process in the human resources department of Saipa automobile manufacturing company. In terms of purpose this study is an applied research, and research evaluation for data collection. Statis More

The aim of this study was to determine the status of talent- based development process in the human resources department of Saipa automobile manufacturing company. In terms of purpose this study is an applied research, and research evaluation for data collection. Statistical society was staff of Saipa Company’s human resources department to 260 people using the random sampling method, 155 of them were selected and questioned. A researcher-made questionnaire consisted of 20 closed questions was used to collect data. The validity of this was reviewed and approved by using view point of university professors and its reliability was calculated 94/5% by using Cronbach's alpha. After gathering and summarizing data, were used descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze and interpret the research questions. The results showed that from the organization's employees point of views the situation of talent based development process is in a favorable level. Moreover, the results indicate a significant gap between the current situation and the desired situation in all components of talent based development process. Solutions for lowering this gap were suggested. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

281 - Studying effective Factors on Facilitating the Transfer of Learning to the Workplace from the Perspective of Organizational Environment
احمدعلی روح الهی hassan mahjob mehdi kherandish

In today's changing world, training and development of staff is a key strategy for organizations to gain competitive advantage. But the advantage is not achieving only with training courses, Effectiveness of learning is attained if the staff imparts apprentices, knowled More

In today's changing world, training and development of staff is a key strategy for organizations to gain competitive advantage. But the advantage is not achieving only with training courses, Effectiveness of learning is attained if the staff imparts apprentices, knowledge, skills and attitudes which are learnt to improve their performance. The aim of the present study is applied research and it is descriptive and survey methods of data collection. In terms of the relationship between variables and specific correlation is based on structural equation modeling. Statistical population research is 460 persons of a military units, that 210 persons were selected based on Morgan table. A researcher-made questionnaire according to Baldwin, et al. (2009) was used to collect data and to test hypotheses with 20 questions about some indexes such as climate for imparting, support of managers, peer support, and action after the training. Data analysis showed that recognized indicators have positive and significant relationship with facilitating the imparting training to the workplace. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

282 - Providing a Model for Continuing the Use of E-learning in Work Environments (Case study: Headquarters of the State Tax Administration)
Hanieh Shami zanjani Mostafa Niknami Nadergholi Ghorchian Amir hosein Mohammad davoudi

This research aims to provide a model for the continued use of e-learning in work environments (Headquarters of the State Tax Administration). The present study is a descriptive survey type in terms of the applied purpose, in terms of the type of mixed data. For collect More

This research aims to provide a model for the continued use of e-learning in work environments (Headquarters of the State Tax Administration). The present study is a descriptive survey type in terms of the applied purpose, in terms of the type of mixed data. For collecting data, a library method, a semi-structured interview, a researcher-made questionnaire, and factors affecting continuity were used. The formal validity of the questionnaire was obtained through pilot implementation, content validity through comprehensive literature review and judgment of experts, and construct validity using a confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated to be 0.93 by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Qualitative data analysis was done through coding. Quantitative data analysis was performed using SPSS and LISREL software. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including exploratory factor analysis to determine the factors and components of the model and the confirmatory factor analysis using the structural equation modeling technique for presenting the model through LISREL software have been used. The findings showed that the quality of the system experts, organizational support and expected performance with frequency 12, have the first priority, respectively, in system factors, organizational factors and individual factors. Also, the age of 7 is among the demographic (demographic) factors of the first priority. The share of "system factors", "organizational factors", "human factors" and "demographic factors" was 48%, 36%, 28% and 19% respectively for continued use of e-learning. Finally, a model for continuing use of e-learning in the headquarters of the State Tax Administration was presented based on its effective factors and its components. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

283 - Explanation of the Role of Gamification on Job Satisfaction and Employee Motivation (case study: cosmetic industry(
Shahin Rouhani Rad Mehdi Sabokrou Maasoumeh Mohammadi

The purpose of this study is the explanation of the role of gamification on job satisfaction and employee motivation in the cosmetic industry. This research is a positivist nature with a quantitative approach. Also, this research is descriptive and in the type of field More

The purpose of this study is the explanation of the role of gamification on job satisfaction and employee motivation in the cosmetic industry. This research is a positivist nature with a quantitative approach. Also, this research is descriptive and in the type of field studies, and in terms of research approach, is quantitative research. The target population of this study is all staff of marketing and sales units in the member of Iran cosmetic industries association whose scope of activity is in Tehran province. In this study for sampling, cluster sampling method has been used. Also, we used Krejcie and Morgan tables to determine the sample size, and 350 members of the target population have been investigated. In this research, two methods of library and field methods (a standard questionnaire consisting of 13 items) have been used for data collection. In order to assure the reliability of the measurement instruments, Cronbach's alpha was used. And for validation, content validity (content validity ratio and content validity index) was used. Also, in order to investigate the relationship between variables and data analysis, paired-samples T-test and SPSS software have been used. The results showed that gamification has an effect on job satisfaction and employee motivation Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

284 - Designing and explaining the professional development model of the departments chairs of the University of Tehran based on a Lean approach
mojtaba hajkhozeymh Khodayar Abili javad pourkarimi

10.52547/istd.31242.8.28.91

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to design and explain the professional development model of the departments chairs of the University of Tehran based on a Lean approach. Method: This research was carried out in two qualitative and quantitative stages, using More

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to design and explain the professional development model of the departments chairs of the University of Tehran based on a Lean approach. Method: This research was carried out in two qualitative and quantitative stages, using the mixed exploratory research method. The qualitative part of the research was done in two stages. In the first stage of the qualitative section, the existing research background related to the components of professional development of department heads based on a lean approach in Persian and English between 2000 and 2020 was reviewed. After searching, screening and qualitative evaluation of the studies, the final synthesis was performed on 72 studies. In the second stage of the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 experts and experts in the field of higher education who were purposefully selected to identify the appropriate pattern of the context of the University of Tehran. Qualitative data analysis was performed using open and axial coding (theme analysis) and its reliability and validity were evaluated. In the quantitative stage, the descriptive-analytical research method and the statistical population included all the managers of the departments of the University of Tehran with 252 people who using Cochran's sampling formula, 152 people were selected as the sample. Sampling method in this study was stratified random sampling method. In the quantitative part, the required data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. To evaluate the validity of the quantitative research instrument, content validity and construct validity were used and to evaluate the reliability of the instrument, Cronbach's alpha was used, which confirmed the appropriate reliability and validity of the research instrument. Results: The results showed that the professional development of the managers of the departments of the University of Tehran based on a lean approach has five main components (1. Lean leadership / management skills, 2. Lean student skills, 3. Lean research skills, 4. Lean behavioral skills and 5. Skills Lean individual) and 19 indicators. The results of the second-order confirmatory factor analysis showed that the five identified components have a sufficient factor load to predict the professional development of department heads of the University of Tehran based on a lean approach. The results of one-sample t-test showed that the managers of the departments of the University of Tehran evaluated the general situation of their professional development based on a lean approach at a moderate level. Conclusion:The five main components of this research can be an effective model for the professional development of department heads in university of Tehran and have beneficial results in promoting quality, efficiency, effectiveness and waste reduction in university of Tehran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

285 - Clustering Iranian Gas Industry Managers and Ranking Their Competencies via the EFQM Excellence Model-based Evaluation with an Artificial Intelligence Approach
Ali reza Zamanian Majid Jahangirfard Farshad Hajalian

10.52547/istd.31542.8.31.51

This study attempted to lay the ground for linking human resources data based on the results of the organizational excellence model for about 51 parent and subsidiary companies of the National Iranian Gas Company using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning m More

This study attempted to lay the ground for linking human resources data based on the results of the organizational excellence model for about 51 parent and subsidiary companies of the National Iranian Gas Company using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning methods. The goal was to present a model for clustering chief organizational managers based on the companies’ evaluation using the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM)-based excellence model. The unique characteristic of this method is that it is formed based on the actual performance and output of successful organizations, headed by successful managers and leaders. Accordingly, a performance-based excellence model can be achieved in the future. The outcomes of model evaluation for 2017, 2018, and 2019 for 51 companies affiliated with the National Iranian Gas Company were first clustered. Clustering was performed for 3776 pieces of data via AI-based methods, and coding was done in Python. This applied study aimed to design and develop a novel method for discovering the experts and scientifically classifying the organization’s human resources based on credible data. It also aimed to integrate novel scientific domains of AI, including clustering, to pave the ground for human resources research. In the applied dimension, the results were used in organizational planning and decision-making to generate a tool whereby the future managerial performance of the organization and staff can be predicted based on appropriate human resources data. Finally, a ranking is presented based on the competency gap by using Fisher discriminant ratio (FDR). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

286 - Analysis of factors affecting student absenteeism in organizational training programs and providing exit solutions
Mohammad hooman doosti Milad Javanmardi

Introduction: In spite of the attention, sensitivity and concern of the custodians of learning and development to identify and cooperate with the professors and also to spend a lot of expenses on conducting training courses, the rate of participation in class-based trai More

Introduction: In spite of the attention, sensitivity and concern of the custodians of learning and development to identify and cooperate with the professors and also to spend a lot of expenses on conducting training courses, the rate of participation in class-based training programs is low, hence The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of student absenteeism in courses and outline strategies. Method: The research method in this study is a mixed type of exploration (a design tool for collecting data). Explain that in the data collection sequence, qualitative data and then quantitative data were collected. In the qualitative section, the deep interview method and the focused group were used and in the quantitative section, researcher-made questionnaire was used. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed with the help of five experts and professors in the field of education and its reliability was calculated 0.84 using Cronbach's alpha. The study population consisted of all employees of one of the industrial companies of Isfahan province, based on the Morgan table, 196 were calculated. Results: The results of the present study showed that the impact of all three groups of individual, educational and organizational factors in the absence of learners was more than average. Also, the results of the interview showed that lack of incentive, non-payment of mission and work overtime due to training, lack of calculation of educational privilege, lack of relevance of education records in other human resources systems, high work volume, lack of knowledge transfer mechanisms, limited support of knowledge transfer due to the type of managerial thinking, personal and familial problems are other factors affecting the increase in absenteeism rates and thus reducing the rate of participation in training courses. Conclusion: According to the participants in the research, organizational factors have had the greatest impact on the absenteeism, which is necessary to correct this problem in salary systems. Also, in the educational dimension, it is necessary to improve the design and planning of courses, which it is suggested to use modern teaching methods, classes with less number and relatively strict policies against absenteeism in the classroom. Also, at the individual level, it is suggested that the sense of belonging to the courses in the learners be strengthened through peer mentoring. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

287 - A Critical Evaluation of Descartes’ Theory of Animal Mind Based on Sadrian Philosophy
Armin Mansouri Habibullah Danesh Shahraki zahra khazaie

Immaterial spiritual life for animals and their possession of mental capabilities have always been a controversial topic for debate among philosophers. The existence of certain similarities between animals and human beings, irrespective of all their differences, has mad More

Immaterial spiritual life for animals and their possession of mental capabilities have always been a controversial topic for debate among philosophers. The existence of certain similarities between animals and human beings, irrespective of all their differences, has made it difficult to provide an accurate explanation of the quality of animal life. Given his belief in the existence of two corporeal and immaterial intellectual substances for human beings, Descartes negates the existence of thought and intellection in animals for three reasons: lack of language, lack of creativity, and lack of awareness in animals. In other words, he only accepts the existence of corporeal life for animals and, thus, views animals as complex machines that lack mental life. This idea of Descartes is known as the “animal machine” notion. However, Mullā Ṣadrā analyzes animals in relation to the three material, Ideal, and intellectual levels of the world. Accordingly, he believes in the ideal immateriality of animal souls and explains mindfulness at the animal level based on this belief. Descartes’ animal machine hypothesis and the related three reasons are rejected based on the Ideal immateriality that Mullā Ṣadrā proves for animal souls. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

288 - Explanation the Dimensions and Components of an appropriate pattern of Earthquake Disaster Management in Deteriorated Urban Areas in Tehran city
asad razani Kamal Nozari Mojtaba Rafiyan

Due to the high vulnerability of deteriorated urban areas, a systematic precaution is needed to provide features and components of an effective pattern for disaster management in these areas that clarify the dimensions of decision-making in earthquake risk management in More

Due to the high vulnerability of deteriorated urban areas, a systematic precaution is needed to provide features and components of an effective pattern for disaster management in these areas that clarify the dimensions of decision-making in earthquake risk management in them. The purpose of this research is to investigate the dimensions and components of an appropriate disaster management pattern in deteriorated urban areas in order to control and reduce the damage caused by the earthquake in the period before its occurrence (prevention stage) in deteriorated urban areas in Tehran. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, and because it tries to establish a relationship between the dimensions and components of earthquake disaster management in deteriorated urban areas, it is exploratory. After identifying the dimensions and components of the disaster management pattern in deteriorated areas in documentary studies (theoretical foundations, Iranian and global experiences). It has been accurate and prioritized by referring to experts and proprietors. In the next step, the coefficient of significance of each component is specified and the results of the questionnaires evaluated and validated in content by using the PLS software. The results of the research show that in the field of disaster management in the deteriorated urban areas of Tehran. It is necessary to have a risk management and pre-thinking and pre- disaster management view before looking at the disaster management with a post- disaster view in these areas. In the pre-disaster stage, attention to different dimensions and considering the effective components of each of these dimensions in disaster management (social and cultural, physical-environmental, economic, structural and managerial, legal- rule and infrastructures dimensions) in deteriorated urban areas and their application can ultimately lead to decreasing vulnerability and promoting the resilience of these area in the face of various events, including the earthquakes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

289 - Sociological Analysis of the Role and Position of Social Capital in the Lifestyle of Female Employees: Presenting a grounded Theory in the Corona Crisis
alireza sanatkhah mehri arabi

In the face of the coronavirus crisis today, not only the issue of the lifestyle of women who are directly related to coronary heart disease has been considered. But also, the quality of social relations of working women in interaction with social capital (trust, networ More

In the face of the coronavirus crisis today, not only the issue of the lifestyle of women who are directly related to coronary heart disease has been considered. But also, the quality of social relations of working women in interaction with social capital (trust, network Citizens' communication, and participation with the health programs of the Corona Anti-Corruption Headquarters has taken attention. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role and position of social capital in the quality of life of women employees of Kerman University of Medical Sciences during the corona. The present research has applied purpose and descriptive research methods. In terms of the type of study, it is qualitative research based on the data method of the foundation. Statistical population includes all staff of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 1399. Participants in the study are 28 female employees in this University. Semi-structured interviews have been used as data collection tools. Also, three methods have been utilized to achieve the reliability criterion. These methods include control or validation by members, analytical comparisons, and audit techniques usage. Data have been analyzed in three stages of open, selective, and selective (pivotal) coding according to procedure Based on the background theory. Based on the findings, factors such as the underlying structure of participation, the quality of communication networks, trust, and fear of job security as the most important factors influencing the lifestyle during the corona (strengthening virtual networks, watching virtual movies and series, awareness emergence Political, online shopping, etc.) are considered as background conditions. Social indifference and intra-group social capital are also known as intervening conditions. Quality of health services, promotion of mental health, and environmental health are the most important strategies, and economic disorder, health and treatment, and ultimately poor social support and social alienation are introduced as consequences. The results show that health-oriented social capital possibly strengthened in female employees using cyberspace. In which necessary training to comply with health protocols is created through virtual networks, and encourage virtual social trust and pursue active participation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

290 - Investigating the effect of socialization on the development of sports participation of female students of Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch
Zahra Sadeghi niloufar azadi

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of socialization on the development of sports participation of female students of the Islamic Azad University of Shiraz. The methods of this study are causal (1983). Respectively the reliability and validity of the quest More

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of socialization on the development of sports participation of female students of the Islamic Azad University of Shiraz. The methods of this study are causal (1983). Respectively the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were evaluated using conventional methods. For data analysis, statistical methods of Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Pearson correlation, regression, ANOVA, and structural models were used. All the present data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20. The results clearly show that the family plays an influential role in the sports participation development of female students of the Islamic Azad University of Shiraz. It should be noted that the role of families in promoting female students' sports participation is of particular interest. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

291 - The explanation of effect of attending tech events on creation and development of startups in North Khorasan province
Arezou Haghshenas Sasan Rajablou Mehdi Haresabadi امیر امانی

10.52547/jstpi.31875.18.72.21

With increasing the attentions to knowledge-based economy, quality and quantity of different tech events, including Startup weekends, EleComps and Finups, has improved in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of attending such events in creation and More

With increasing the attentions to knowledge-based economy, quality and quantity of different tech events, including Startup weekends, EleComps and Finups, has improved in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of attending such events in creation and development of startups. To do so, performing a qualitative research and using semi-structured interviews on 8 companies which were based in science and technology park of North Khoarsan province, 5 major themes were obtained. The most important factors determining the efficacy of the events were found to be the quality of the event, follow ups by the organizers, motivation of the attendants, developmental communication and modifying the primary core. In conclusion this study showed that the quality tech events can help create and develop the startups. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

292 - A Simulation Model of Growth of Teams and Startups in Academic Development Centers using the System Dynamics Approach
Mohammadreza Mohamadkhani Ruhollah Tavallaei Amirhossein Mohammadinia mahdi farmani Esmail laali

10.61186/jstpi.31970.19.74.1

The purpose of this study is to provide a rich insight into the factors affecting the growth of teams and startups in Academic Development Centers. In this study, the factors affecting the growth of teams and startups were investigated using the system dynamics approach More

The purpose of this study is to provide a rich insight into the factors affecting the growth of teams and startups in Academic Development Centers. In this study, the factors affecting the growth of teams and startups were investigated using the system dynamics approach. At first, after reviewing the theoretical literature and the experts’ opinions, Variables affecting the growth of teams and startups were indentified and causal relationships among these variables were depicted. Then, the mathematical relations among these variables were determined and, accordingly, the study system was simulated at growth centre of technician and knowledge based units at Imam Hussein comprehensive university during the period 2016 to 2066. After designing the cause and effect diagrams, six scenarios for the growth of teams and startups were defined, which are: The growth center's share of the profits of successful companies, The effect of interaction with successful companies in promoting the level of entrepreneurial culture, The effect of effective communication with successful companies in attracting financial support for technology units, The effect of changes in the number of clients to enter the center on the system, Admission control policy and The effect of legal protections of technology units on the system. Of the six simulated scenarios, the fifth scenario has the greatest impact on the growth of teams and startups in Academic Development Centers. Therefore, the policy of maintaining the quality of services through controlling the amount of technology units entering the growth centers can be considered an effective and important policy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

293 - Multi-Label Feature Selection Using a Hybrid Approach Based on the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
َAzar Rafiei Parham Moradi Abdolbaghi Ghaderzadeh

Multi-label classification is one of the important issues in machine learning. The efficiency of multi-label classification algorithms decreases drastically with increasing problem dimensions. Feature selection is one of the main solutions for dimension reduction in mul More

Multi-label classification is one of the important issues in machine learning. The efficiency of multi-label classification algorithms decreases drastically with increasing problem dimensions. Feature selection is one of the main solutions for dimension reduction in multi-label problems. Multi-label feature selection is one of the NP solutions, and so far, a number of solutions based on collective intelligence and evolutionary algorithms have been proposed for it. Increasing the dimensions of the problem leads to an increase in the search space and consequently to a decrease in efficiency and also a decrease in the speed of convergence of these algorithms. In this paper, a hybrid collective intelligence solution based on a binary particle swarm optimization algorithm and local search strategy for multi-label feature selection is presented. To increase the speed of convergence, in the local search strategy, the features are divided into two categories based on the degree of extension and the degree of connection with the output of the problem. The first category consists of features that are very similar to the problem class and less similar to other features, and the second category is similar features and less related. Therefore, a local operator is added to the particle swarm optimization algorithm, which leads to the reduction of irrelevant features and extensions of each solution. Applying this operator leads to an increase in the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm compared to other algorithms presented in this field. The performance of the proposed method has been compared with the most well-known feature selection methods on different datasets. The results of the experiments showed that the proposed method has a good performance in terms of accuracy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

294 - Analysis of factors affecting the success of agricultural start-ups in the country
mohsen khosravi majid nasiri parviz saeidi

10.61186/jstpi.32320.19.73.1

Today, the importance of start-up agricultural businesses is more than ever, and to achieve this, it is necessary to provide the right environment and conditions for start-up businesses. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the success of start More

Today, the importance of start-up agricultural businesses is more than ever, and to achieve this, it is necessary to provide the right environment and conditions for start-up businesses. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the success of start-up agricultural businesses. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of implementation method, which was done with a mixed exploratory approach. The statistical population in the qualitative stage was 11 university experts who were selected by purposeful method and snowball. In the quantitative stage, all the experts of the country's new agricultural businesses were 200 people. Simple random sampling method was used. The Delphi method was used to identify the factors and the structural equation modeling method with Smart PLS3 software was used to analyze the relationships of the variables. The results showed that the factors affecting the success of start-up agricultural businesses include 51 components in the form of 9 dimensions (individual capabilities, human resources, environmental factors, marketing activities, financial issues, product development, customer satisfaction, strategy, networking). Also, the results of structural equations showed that individual capabilities (0.317), human resources (0.356), environmental factors (0.438), marketing activities (0.378), financial issues (0.404), product development (0.399) Customer satisfaction (0.415), Strategy (0.329), Networking (0.426) have a positive and significant effect on the success of start-up agricultural businesses. Finally, it can be said that the success of start-up agricultural businesses is an important strategy for promoting agricultural entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

295 - Localization of Mobile Robot Using Smooth Two-Part Kalman Filter
Ramazan Havangi S. H.

The most important issue for a mobile robot is orientation. Success in localization is one of the four main needs in orientation, which include: perception, localization, recognition and movement control. How to provide an accurate localization solution for mobile robot More

The most important issue for a mobile robot is orientation. Success in localization is one of the four main needs in orientation, which include: perception, localization, recognition and movement control. How to provide an accurate localization solution for mobile robots is essential in many IoT applications. To achieve this goal, in this article, a method based on two-part Kalman filter is proposed for localization of mobile robot. The proposed algorithm consists of two parts, the first part is statistical linear regression and the second part is a Kalman filter with state error vector. The proposed method is tested in comparison with the new hybrid TLNF/UK method on circular, rectangular and z-shaped motion paths that are accompanied by noise. The experimental results show that the proposed method has been able to achieve better localization accuracy and it is also observed that the estimation errors in the proposed method are less and it has been able to increase the estimation accuracy compared to the combined TLNF/UK method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

296 - Architectural design training based on artificial intelligence
Nariman Nejati saeede kalantari MohammadReza Bemanian

10.52547/arch.1.1.7

Rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and the interest in their application in educational fields lead to significant growth in the scientific literature concerning the application of AI in education. Architectural design is a complex design tha More

Rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and the interest in their application in educational fields lead to significant growth in the scientific literature concerning the application of AI in education. Architectural design is a complex design that uses old experiences and creativity to produce new designs. The artificial intelligence use for the design process should not focus on finding a solution in a defined search space because the design requirements at the conceptual stage are not yet well defined. Instead, the artificial intelligence application should be considered to explore the design requirements and provide solutions to meet those requirements. The present applied study aims to provide an architectural design training model based on artificial intelligence in architecture education to provide an overview of artificial intelligence for the development and further implementation of the country's design education system. The type of this research is applied-developmental, and its method is descriptive-analytical and in terms of data collection surveys. A questionnaire was distributed among all faculty members of Azad University and experts in this field to collect the data required for the study. The collected data was analyzed by the method of content analysis. The results contain solutions to provide a model for architectural design training based on artificial intelligence. This study will acquaint professors and researchers to understand the status and development of financial and physical infrastructure and artificial intelligence hardware and software. Also, it will help increase the effectiveness and efficiency of its usage in architectural education. The findings also help activists, officials, educators, and researchers identify ways to improve designer education. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

297 - Improving the Quality of Urban Public Spaces, with the Emphasis on Murals (Case Study: Qazvin)
Abolfazl Toghraii Kia Massoudi Erfan Toghraei

10.52547/arch.1.1.85

Public Arts are one of the cheapest and most accessible alternatives for achieving alive urban places. This kind of art, the name implies, is born, raised, and matured from byways corners of a city and its living streets. In most European countries, the importance of Pu More

Public Arts are one of the cheapest and most accessible alternatives for achieving alive urban places. This kind of art, the name implies, is born, raised, and matured from byways corners of a city and its living streets. In most European countries, the importance of Public Arts has been proved so obviously. In such countries, they consider complete separate Planning Acts from Master Plans for Public Arts, usually called "Public Art Master Plan" with a long-term vision and practical strategies. Furthermore, in numerous countries, Public Art has not been considered just as an aesthetic aspect with official purposes, but also as a means for transmitting the society’s ideologies and attitudes, especially the society’s intellectuals. Murals in this category are one of the most colorable and effective types of Public Arts that can be executed on cities walls in different ways: Official or Graffiti, Professional or Amateur, Long term or Short Term, etc. In this research, we have tried to pay more attention to Public Arts generally and Murals particularly and make a unique collection of valid and updated information on this subject. In the end, we have offered some solutions and local strategies for making Qazvin city public spaces better places to live practically, with the help of Public Arts and Murals. The conclusion is a design framework achieved by public Preferences. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

298 - Designing a model based on blockchain technology to strengthen cyber security in the banking industry
hossein amoozadkhalili neda haghi Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam

10.61186/jstpi.33168.19.76.60

Designing a model based on blockchain technology to strengthen cyber security in the banking industry is one of the new methods studied in the banking industry to strengthen cyber security. Accordingly, this study seeks to achieve the goal of evaluating a model based on More

Designing a model based on blockchain technology to strengthen cyber security in the banking industry is one of the new methods studied in the banking industry to strengthen cyber security. Accordingly, this study seeks to achieve the goal of evaluating a model based on blockchain technology to strengthen cyber security in the banking industry based on artificial neural networks. This model is based on a conceptual model used in an MLP neural network simulation that simulates a blockchain-like process. Also, the neural networks created in the block chain have a strong connection and the possibility of breaking them is low. The data became closer to normal distribution after learning, indicating that blockchain technology will be able to provide cyber security. The level of correlation and efficiency presented was also reported and the findings of the study showed that the efficiency related to blockchain technologies after learning reached the level of 770.57 units, which shows that using the MLP method to learn the process of blockchain technology can be Lead to greater efficiency for cyber security. Also, the value of variance is equal to 27.77 and the mean value of computational values is equal to 0.35 and the value of correlation is equal to 0.99. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

299 - Provide a B2C e-commerce Pattern with an emphasis on Sharing Economy
Fazel Bazrafshan Jamshid Edalatian Shahriari Nosratollah Shadnoush

10.61186/jstpi.33375.19.73.35

Today, business to customer e-commerce systems are the most important business systems in providing services and goods to customers. Startups in these systems need methods to be able to expand their market to respond appropriately to customers. One of the recent innovat More

Today, business to customer e-commerce systems are the most important business systems in providing services and goods to customers. Startups in these systems need methods to be able to expand their market to respond appropriately to customers. One of the recent innovations to develop services and goods in startups is the use of sharing economy. sharing economy in B2C startups make better use of facilities and resources and helps them to reduce transaction costs and improve productivity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present a B2C e-commerce model with an emphasis on sharing economy in startups, which was done in combination. The present research is fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation based on the method. In the first step, effective factors were identified based on content analysis and interviews with 15 academic experts. The output of this stage was 14 components in 3 dimensions (technology, social and economic). Then, in the second step, the identified dimensions were graded by interpretive structural method and clustered by Mikmak analysis, which was analyzed using Excel software. Interpretive structural results showed that the components are in 10 levels, also Micmac analysis showed that the components (trust- collaboration- product- communication quality- economic factor) in the dependent cluster, components (website usability- availability- obligation- sharing information- information quality) in the link cluster and components (social value- security- infrastructure-customization) are also in the independent cluster. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

300 - Breast Cancer Classification Approaches - A Comparative Analysis
Mohan Kumar Sunil Kumar Khatri Masoud Mohammadian

10.52547/jist.33395.11.41.1

Cancer of the breast is a difficult disease to treat since it weakens the patient's immune system. Particular interest has lately been shown in the identification of particular immune signals for a variety of malignancies in this regard. In recent years, several methods More

Cancer of the breast is a difficult disease to treat since it weakens the patient's immune system. Particular interest has lately been shown in the identification of particular immune signals for a variety of malignancies in this regard. In recent years, several methods for predicting cancer based on proteomic datasets and peptides have been published. The cells turns into cancerous cells because of various reasons and get spread very quickly while detrimental to normal cells. In this regard, identifying specific immunity signs for a range of cancers has recently gained a lot of interest. Accurately categorizing and compartmentalizing the breast cancer subtype is a vital job. Computerized systems built on artificial intelligence can substantially save time and reduce inaccuracy. Several strategies for predicting cancer utilizing proteomic datasets and peptides have been reported in the literature in recent years.It is critical to classify and categorize breast cancer treatments correctly. It's possible to save time while simultaneously minimizing the likelihood of mistakes using machine learning and artificial intelligence approaches. Using the Wisconsin Breast Cancer Diagnostic dataset, this study evaluates the performance of various classification methods, including SVC, ETC, KNN, LR, and RF (random forest). Breast cancer can be detected and diagnosed using a variety of measurements of data (which are discussed in detail in the article) (WBCD). The goal is to determine how well each algorithm performs in terms of precision, recall, and accuracy. The variation of each classification threshold has been tested on various algorithms and SVM turned out to be very promising. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

301 - Arthroscopy in small animals
Samaneh Ghasemi

Application of minimally invasive surgeries are increasing in veterinary medicine. Joint disorders are among the most important cause for lameness in small animals, especially dogs. Arthroscopy is one of the techniques for diagnosing, treating and managing of joint inju More

Application of minimally invasive surgeries are increasing in veterinary medicine. Joint disorders are among the most important cause for lameness in small animals, especially dogs. Arthroscopy is one of the techniques for diagnosing, treating and managing of joint injuries. Arthroscopy has advantages over arthrotomy. Arthroscopic surgery is used for management of different injuries in shoulder (glenohumeral), coxofemoral (hip), elbow, carpal and tarsal joints in small animals. Arthroscopy provides the best access to intra-articular structures. Also, post-operative cares, recovery, pain and infection are less than arthrotomy. The goal of this article is to review the uses of arthroscopy in small animals. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

302 - God’s Knowledge of Particulars in the Views of Ibn Sīnā and Thomas Aquinas
Mohammad Mahmoodi Hossein Kalbasi Ashtari

One of the fundamental questions in the field of philosophical theology is whether God has the knowledge of particulars. Some philosophers have tried to either demonstrate or deny the divine knowledge of particulars regardless of the term “God”, which is a controversial More

One of the fundamental questions in the field of philosophical theology is whether God has the knowledge of particulars. Some philosophers have tried to either demonstrate or deny the divine knowledge of particulars regardless of the term “God”, which is a controversial issue. In a philosophical tradition that began with Plato and Aristotle and was advocated by Ibn Sīnā, the divine knowledge of particulars is denied. However, within the framework of the same philosophical school, Thomas Aquinas, as a theologian, demonstrates this knowledge for God. In Ibn Sīnā’s view, there is a fundamental difference between quiddity and existence as two different levels of being. The Necessary Being is the cause of granting existence to quiddities and, thus, cannot know them in terms of their particulars, as they lack “existence” in separation from Him. However, Ibn Sīnā does not deny the divine knowledge of particulars through their “existence”. In Aquinas’ theological concept of God, as a personal God, the denial of the divine knowledge of particulars defaces the divine power. Moreover, in case of denying this Knowledge, Man, who is created by God, will be placed at a higher level than their Creator because they can gain the knowledge of particulars. Aquinas, who speaks as a theologian here, ignores the borderline between philosophy and theology and objects to Ibn Sīnā by stating that some universals such as “animal” and “human” cannot function as the distinctive features of a particular such as “Socrates” in comparison to others. The present paper provides a comparative analysis of the views of these two philosophers regarding God’s knowledge of particulars. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

303 - Nanoparticles for Tendon Healing and Regeneration
sara javanmardi Dara Azizi

Tendon tissue has limited regeneration potential and usually the consequent formation of scar tissue causes inferior mechanical properties. Nanoparticles could be used in different way to improve tendon healing and regeneration, ranging from scaffolds manufacturing (inc More

Tendon tissue has limited regeneration potential and usually the consequent formation of scar tissue causes inferior mechanical properties. Nanoparticles could be used in different way to improve tendon healing and regeneration, ranging from scaffolds manufacturing (increasing the strength and endurance or anti-adhesions, anti-microbial, and ante inflammatory properties) to gene therapy. This paper aims to summarize the most relevant studies showing the potential application of nanoparticles for tendon tissue regeneration. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

304 - An overview of avian tendon and ligament problems
Nikta Moqadasi Abbas Raisi Hassan Norouzian

Tendon is a mechanical bridge that transmits muscle strength to the bones and joints. Musculoskeletal disorders damages millions of dollars in economic losses each year to companies in the animal husbandry industry that inflict food. The tendon is mainly composed of ten More

Tendon is a mechanical bridge that transmits muscle strength to the bones and joints. Musculoskeletal disorders damages millions of dollars in economic losses each year to companies in the animal husbandry industry that inflict food. The tendon is mainly composed of tenocyte and tenoblast cells and is oriented and organized by collagen fibers. Viral arthritis / tenosynovitis in poultry is one of the pathological manifestations of avian reovirus infection. Viral arthritis can be diagnosed by clinical observations and serological examination and radiological findings. Studies show the effect of vaccines on the prevention of this disease. Tendon mineralization in poultry can be a part of the natural process or can be caused by aging or tendon damage. Mineral deposition in tendons makes it a hard structure with less flexibility. The morphological properties of tissue and mineralized tendon cells have been studied. Several studies on the effects of activity on avian Gastrocnemius tendon have been performed. One of the tendon injuries is related to the patagial tendon, which responds well to treatment after surgery. The tendon plays a vital role in function of birds and is damaged, which causes irreparable problems. Therefore, it is necessary to know its structure and precise function in preventing damage as well as their more effective treatment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

305 - Investigating the success factors of digital startup accelerators in the post-Corona era
mahdi hosseinpour fatemeh kazemi eskeri Meysam Alikhani

The purpose of this study is to investigate the success factors of digital startup accelerators in the post-Corona era. In terms of purpose, this research is in the field of applied research, and since it describes the variables and the relationships between them, recog More

The purpose of this study is to investigate the success factors of digital startup accelerators in the post-Corona era. In terms of purpose, this research is in the field of applied research, and since it describes the variables and the relationships between them, recognizes the current situation and finally provides a model, it is descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of this study includes experts related to digital accelerator startup accelerators in the post-corona era. In order to achieve apparent theoretical saturation, 25 people were selected as a sample by interview method and the required information was collected. To analyze the qualitative data and extract the factors affecting the success of startup accelerators in the digital field and the factors affecting it, the content analysis method (theme analysis) was used. Structural-interpretive modeling has been used to identify the relationships between variables. The research findings include describing the success pattern of digital startup accelerators and analyzing the results of correlation penetration. Examining the results obtained from the nineteen main factors of identified agility, it was found that the flexibility of organizational structure and data analysis have the greatest influence and the ability to respond to environmental issues and the ability to change business goals, have the greatest dependence Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

306 - Determining Geological, Environmental and Economical Impact Weight for Oil Field Prioritization to Implement Smart Well Technology
تورج بهروز سید مهدیا مطهری مهدی ندری پری

Deep oil reservoirs with high heterogeneity need thorough management to maximize production and recovery along with minimizing OPEX and CAPEX. This management is integration between technology, human resource and processes. Smart Well technology helps oil companies t More

Deep oil reservoirs with high heterogeneity need thorough management to maximize production and recovery along with minimizing OPEX and CAPEX. This management is integration between technology, human resource and processes. Smart Well technology helps oil companies to meet aforementioned goals. Since smart well technology imposes high initial expenditure it is a risky and costly decision for oil companies to apply it for all companies. Indeed, this fact dictates prioritization of oil fields based on several parameters to decide where this technology should be implemented first. In this paper we present a novel screening technique under Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) engine. This technique needs criteria and sub-criteria affecting smart well potential of fields such as Geological, Geographical, Environmental and Economical parameters. In this study, the main components of the four main mentioned parameters have been extracted. All of them weighted according to our objective function. The result of this research would be impact weight of each parameter with respect to each other that can be used an engineering box for making decision among several fields for implementing smart well technology. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

307 - Application of Artificial Intelligence during History matching in One of fractured oil Reservoirs
ناصر اخلاقی ریاض خراط صدیقه مهدوی

Nowadays different methods of soft computing to reduce time and calculation content are widely used in oil and gas industry. One of the main applications of these methods is prediction of the results of different processes in oil industry which their estimation with More

Nowadays different methods of soft computing to reduce time and calculation content are widely used in oil and gas industry. One of the main applications of these methods is prediction of the results of different processes in oil industry which their estimation with usual methods is too difficult and has either no single response or their response finding need more time and cost due to their nonlinear of the related problems. Because of much uncertainty on information which used in simulators, the results of these simulation models may have lot errors so production data (Pressure, Production Rate, Water Oil Ratio (WOR), Gas Oil Ratio (GOR) and etc.) during reservoir life is used to historical accommodation between simulator results and actual data. The main purpose of this study is investigation and feasibility study of a usual method of artificial intelligence in oil industry, which is based on the soft computing. In this study, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used to make a predicting model for bottom hole pressure and for one of the fractured oil reservoirs with the seven years history of production. Some unconditional parameters such as fracture porosity, horizontal and vertical fracture permeability, height of matrix and matrix-fracture dual porosity were applied as input data of the networks, and pressure was applied as an output in network making. Applied data in network making is achieved from the 50 runs with simulator. The conclusion of this study showed that predicting model of ANN with error less than 4% and reduces the time of process, has a good ability to history matching. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

308 - Application of Artificial Intelligence during History matching in One of fractured oil Reservoirs
ناصر اخلاقی Reyaz kharata Sedigheh Mahdavi

Nowadays different methods of soft computing to reduce time and calculation content are widely used in oil and gas industry. One of the main applications of these methods is prediction of the results of different processes in oil industry which their estimation with u More

Nowadays different methods of soft computing to reduce time and calculation content are widely used in oil and gas industry. One of the main applications of these methods is prediction of the results of different processes in oil industry which their estimation with usual methods is too difficult and has either no single response or their response finding need more time and cost due to their nonlinear of the related problems. Because of much uncertainty on information which used in simulators, the results of these simulation models may have lot errors so production data (Pressure, Production Rate, Water Oil Ratio (WOR), Gas Oil Ratio (GOR) and etc.) during reservoir life is used to historical accommodation between simulator results and actual data. The main purpose of this study is investigation and feasibility study of a usual method of artificial intelligence in oil industry, which is based on the soft computing. In this study, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used to make a predicting model for bottom hole pressure and for one of the fractured oil reservoirs with the seven years history of production. Some unconditional parameters such as fracture porosity, horizontal and vertical fracture permeability, height of matrix and matrix-fracture dual porosity were applied as input data of the networks, and pressure was applied as an output in network making. Applied data in network making is achieved from the 50 runs with simulator. The conclusion of this study showed that predicting model of ANN with error less than 4% and reduces the time of process, has a good ability to history matching. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

309 - Improve the detection of buried channel, using Artificial Neural Networks and seismic attributes
Alireza Ghazanfari Abdolrahim Javaherian Mojtaba Seddigh Arabani

Channels are one of the most important stratigraphic and morphological events. If channels place in a suitable position such as enclosed in impermeable place can make suitable oil and gas reservoir; So identifying channels are crucial. Different tools such as filters, s More

Channels are one of the most important stratigraphic and morphological events. If channels place in a suitable position such as enclosed in impermeable place can make suitable oil and gas reservoir; So identifying channels are crucial. Different tools such as filters, seismic attributes, artificial neural networks, and meta-attributes have played an important role in this regard. In this paper dip-steering cube, dip-steer median filter, dip-steer diffusion filter, and fault enhancement filter, have been used. Then, various seismic attributes such as similarity, texture, spectral decomposition, energy and polar dip have been defined and studied. Therefore, work on F3 real seismic data of Dutch part of the North sea for detecting channels has been started by detecting suitable attributes. For identifying the channel in data, it has been used from compilation and combination of seismic attributes using supervised ANN (multi-layer perceptron), and development of mata-attributes, then recombine meta-attributes created along the channel, and using different interpretation point, for eliminating the impact of facies and lithology changes along the channel. Among the advantages and the reasons for using this kind of neural network (supervised), which increases the effect of the neural network and improves the result, is the ability to train the network by specifying the channel and non-channel points used in this paper. Finally, using the above methods, the identification of the channel examined in the above seismic data has been improved, and the channel has been properly detected and extracted throughout its entire length. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

310 - Compilation of artificial neural networks and the thinned Fault likelihood auto-tracking algorithm, for identification, interpretation and extraction of faults
Alireza Ghazanfari Hoseyn Mohammadrezaei Hamidreza Ansari

Fault identification and investigating their evolution is of special importance in the exploration and development of hydrocarbon resources. Success in exploration and development of hydrocarbon fields, need to recognition of petroleum systems and in this regard one of More

Fault identification and investigating their evolution is of special importance in the exploration and development of hydrocarbon resources. Success in exploration and development of hydrocarbon fields, need to recognition of petroleum systems and in this regard one of the most important topics is identifying faults and their extension condition as a main fluid migration path, specially in deeper zones. Faults and fractures have crucial role in making high permeable and porous segments and cut reservoir and cap rock in the fluid migration path. In addition, for maximizing the production of hydrocarbon from reservoirs and also for reducing the risk of drilling, it is necessary to gain information about geometry and nature of faults of reservoirs. In this paper, the purpose is investigating the performance of combination of neural networks and Fault Likelihood auto-tracking algorithm for identification and interpretation of faults in seismic data. At first using the Dip-steering feature of software, the early filter for accurate identification of dip of structures in the data, have been designed and applied. Then with designing and applying the appropriate filters, the seismic data have been improved. After that proper seismic attributes for fault identification have been calculated from seismic data. With picking fault and non-fault points from data, a supervised neural network using the selected attributes was formed and after training the network, the appropriate output achieved. Then the output of neural network has been used as a input for Thinned Fault Likelihood auto-tracking algorithm. The output of this part contains a volume of tracked faults. Finally using sub-tools of TFL and optimal setting of parameters, 3D fault planes has been interpreted and extracted. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

311 - Permeability estimation using petrophysical logs and artificial intelligence methods: A case study in the Asmari reservoir of Ahvaz oil field
Abouzar Mohsenipour Bahman Soleimani iman Zahmatkesh Iman Veisi

Permeability is one of the most important petrophysical parameters that play a key role in the discussion of production and development of hydrocarbon fields. In this study, first, the magnetic resonance log in Asmari reservoir was evaluated and permeability was calcula More

Permeability is one of the most important petrophysical parameters that play a key role in the discussion of production and development of hydrocarbon fields. In this study, first, the magnetic resonance log in Asmari reservoir was evaluated and permeability was calculated using two conventional methods, free fluid model (Coates) and Schlumberger model or mean T2 (SDR). Then, by constructing a simple model of artificial neural network and also combining it with Imperialist competition optimization (ANN-ICA) and particle swarm (ANN-PSO) algorithms, the permeability was estimated. Finally, the results were compared by comparing the estimated COATES permeability and SDR permeability with the actual value, and the estimation accuracy was compared in terms of total squared error and correlation coefficient. The results of this study showed an increase in the accuracy of permeability estimation using a combination of optimization algorithms with artificial neural network. The results of this method can be used as a powerful method to obtain other petrophysical parameters. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

312 - Introducing robotic process automation as the connection point of Internet of everything with artificial intelligence projects
Seyed Omid Azarkasb Seyed Hossein Khasteh

10.61186/jstpi.34055.19.76.42

Robotic process automation is an emerging technology, which can be used to automate repetitive tasks with large but low volume. Automation space consists of providers of construction, operation and transfer contracts, consulting, business process automation and cloud ro More

Robotic process automation is an emerging technology, which can be used to automate repetitive tasks with large but low volume. Automation space consists of providers of construction, operation and transfer contracts, consulting, business process automation and cloud robotics process automation and markets. Automation refers to the use of technology to perform various tasks with minimal human intervention, so that the automation of the robotic process, intelligent process and various operations of the artificial intelligence business are its main components. In the meantime, the Internet of Things is one of the most up-to-date technologies in the new age of information and communication, which has a concept very close to the Internet of Things. The Internet of Things is a term used to describe physical objects around the world using their digital communication, while the Internet is all about data sets, considering people and processes. The reason for paying attention to the automation of the robotic process is the continuous expansion of the artificial intelligence market due to the widespread use of this technology in most important fields, especially in the components of the Internet. To make the most of robotic process automation, multiple discrete automations as well as artificial intelligence technologies can be used. With this approach, the robotic automation process can be considered as the connection point of everything Internet to software artificial intelligence projects. Therefore, robotic process automation, which aims to improve business processes, is proposed as an Internet connection point for everything with artificial intelligence projects. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

313 - A Two-Level Method Based on Dynamic Programming for Partitioning and Optimization of the Communication Cost in Distributed Quantum Circuits
zohreh davarzani maryam zomorodi-moghadam M. Houshmand

Nowadays, quantum computing has played a significant role in increasing the speed of algorithms. Due to the limitations in the manufacturing technologies of quantum computers, the design of a large-scale quantum computer faces many challenges. One solution to overcome t More

Nowadays, quantum computing has played a significant role in increasing the speed of algorithms. Due to the limitations in the manufacturing technologies of quantum computers, the design of a large-scale quantum computer faces many challenges. One solution to overcome these challenges is the design of distributed quantum systems. In these systems, quantum computers are connected to each other through the teleportation protocol to transfer quantum information. Since quantum teleportation requires quantum resources, it is necessary to reduce the number of that. The purpose of this paper is to present a distributed quantum system considering the two goals of balanced distribution of qubits and minimizing the number of teleportation protocols in two levels. In the first level, by presenting a dynamic programming algorithm, an attempt has been made to distribute qubits in a balanced manner and reduce the number of connections between subsystems. According to the output partitioning obtained from the first level, in the second level and in the stage of implementation of global gates, when one of the qubits of this gate is teleported from the home to the desired destination, this qubit may be able to be used by a number of global gates, observing the precedence restrictions and as a result it reduces the number of teleportations. The obtained results show the better performance of the proposed algorithm. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

314 - Distributed Target Tracking by Solving Average Consensus Problem on Sensor Network Measurements
Iman Maghsudlu Meysam r. Danaee Hamid Arezumand

In this paper, a new algorithm is presented to drastically reduce communication overhead in distributed (decentralized) single target tracking in a wireless sensor network. This algorithm is based on a new approach to solving the average consensus problem and the use of More

In this paper, a new algorithm is presented to drastically reduce communication overhead in distributed (decentralized) single target tracking in a wireless sensor network. This algorithm is based on a new approach to solving the average consensus problem and the use of distributed particle filters. For the algorithm of this paper, unlike the common algorithms that solve an average consensus problem just to approximate the global likelihood function to calculate the particle importance weights in distributed tracking, a new model for observation is presented based on the Gaussian approximation, which only solves the problem Consensus is applied to the mean on the received observations of the nodes in the network (and not to approximate the global likelihood function). These innovations significantly reduce the exchange of information between network nodes and as a result uses much less energy resources. In different scenarios, the efficiency of the proposed algorithm has been compared with the centralized algorithm and the distributed algorithm based on the graph, and the simulation results show that the communication overhead of the network is greatly reduced in exchange for an acceptable drop in tracking accuracy by using our proposed algorithm. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

315 - Linear modeling of effective area changes of Gol Sisakht Lake (Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad)
amirhossein parsa

In many methods of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis, to account for the effect of the hemodynamic system, the response of the hemodynamic system (HRF) is modeled with functions such as the gamma function or the Gaussian function. These functions usu More

In many methods of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis, to account for the effect of the hemodynamic system, the response of the hemodynamic system (HRF) is modeled with functions such as the gamma function or the Gaussian function. These functions usually have one or two parameters that are selected by the analyst based on his prior knowledge. The purpose of this article is to study satellite imagery of Gol Golsik Lake over several years and its shoreline changes, which are modeled on changes in the area of Gol Gol Manjir. Kuh-e-Gol Lake will not be mature. This lake will be completely dry in 2030. By examining the satellite image of Kuh-e Gol Lake, it can be found that the most important factors for the drying up of Kuh-e Gol Lake are natural and human factors, and the weather conditions are such that the sea should be reduced and the sea should be reduced. It was noted that the decrease in water volume of Kuh-e Gol Lake causes the decrease of animal and plant species around the lake. As a result, the decrease of animal species will cause drought and destruction of Kuh-e Gol ecosystem, which will accelerate the drying process of the lake.. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

316 - Performance evaluation model of educational centers using artificial neural network: One of the government organizations in the country
zaman azhdari Hosein Abdollahi samad Borzoian morteza Taheri mostafa Ebrahimpour Azbari

The purpose of this study is “to design a model for evaluating the performance of educational centers of one of the government organizations in the country using artificial neural network”. This is an evaluation study to evaluate the performance of public organizational More

The purpose of this study is “to design a model for evaluating the performance of educational centers of one of the government organizations in the country using artificial neural network”. This is an evaluation study to evaluate the performance of public organizational educational centers. The information required for this research was collected through parallel information channels such as using the documents of educational centers under the organization and referring to their documents while maintaining the classification level. The statistical population of this study was five educational centers, one of the government organizations that hold educational courses for about 10 thousand personnel between 2013 and 2020; Based on the opinion of experts and the results of related studies, the inputs and outputs of the research were selected and determined. In order to reduce the input and output variables, the structural equation modeling method - partial least squares were used. In order to train the MLP bilayer neural network, the training method was used. After the teaching of neural network. The performance of neural network was examined through test patterns. The value (mean square error) of the MSE corresponds to 13 equal test patterns and 74/7413, which indicated the high accuracy of the trained network. Finally, the performance of the educational centers was ranked based on the analyzed data. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

317 - Investigating the factors affecting the mental image of citizens of worn-out tissue and ways to improve it (a case study of worn-out tissue around the Qom Grand Mosque)
ashraf mandani

Dilapidated urban structures, regardless of their different species, are the product of some negligence of urban management, which over time has become an area of the city that lacks the necessary physical stability and strength, does not provide adequate access to th More

Dilapidated urban structures, regardless of their different species, are the product of some negligence of urban management, which over time has become an area of the city that lacks the necessary physical stability and strength, does not provide adequate access to their homes and lacks Severe service suffer. For this reason, due to the low quality of life in some parts of them, the housing of deprived and rural immigrants and some non-Iranians have become and finally have become unsafe places with many social anomalies at the lowest level of environmental quality. What has faced the problem of intervention, improvement and renovation of worn-out structures in our country is the lack of a clear strategy based on the identification of worn-out tissue species and the serious determination of urban management to renovate and improve them. In many areas, contextual improvement and micro-partnership with the people living in it, offers a very desirable and sustainable method that can be done over a short period of time. Qom city is one of the cities that is clearly facing the problem of erosion due to having about 1074 hectares of historical and dilapidated texture and the residential texture around Qom Grand Mosque, due to its special location and being located in the central and historical area of Qom city and its erosion. He faces certain problems. The findings show that a survey of residents' satisfaction shows that 32% completely agree with the demolition and renovation of the building, 23% agree, 20% somewhat agree, and there are those who are interested in this area and intend to continue living in the area. 15% of the residents of the area agree with the repair and reconstruction of the area but oppose the demolition and renovation. 10% are also dissatisfied with any changes in the buildings and structures of the area. The Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

318 - An Introduction to the Empowerment of the Judiciary in Citizen Participation in the Light of the Revival of Public Rights
Hossein Abdi Vali Rostami

"City" is the main context of the current and future developments and challenges of the country, which can be observed and predicted in relation to the government institution with market and society institutions. Continuation of current challenges, weakening the areas More

"City" is the main context of the current and future developments and challenges of the country, which can be observed and predicted in relation to the government institution with market and society institutions. Continuation of current challenges, weakening the areas of citizen participation and preventing future challenges, in addition to other tools, requires citizen participation. the condition living conditions in the city is the participation of citizens in the management of the city and its end is to guarantee the rights of citizens and regulate their role in the city. Research considers the participation component to be an important priority for city management. The judiciary, is compatible with the rights of citizens and the groundwork for their participation in the administration of cities, and is one of the requirements for good urban governance. This article deals with a legal issue, descriptively-analytically and meta-analytically, to analyze and pathology the possibility of fulfilling the mission subject to paragraph (2) of Article 156 of the Constitution (revival of public rights) in order to ensure citizens' rights Their trust in the institution of power and the basis for their participation in the administration of cities based on the index, the way of development and evolution of the judiciary of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the tradition of public law of contemporary Iran, and concludes that the fulfillment of this mission Based on the above index and in the existing governance paradigm, desire to refuse and in order to create the conditions for the possibility of reviving public rights , we need to renew the discourse and "change the paradigm". Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

319 - The Nature and Realm of Responsibility of Human from the Perspective of Sartre and Islamic View of Action

The aim of this study is a comparative analysis of the nature and the realm of responsibility from the perspective of Sartre and Islamic view of action. In order to do this, two methods of conceptual analysis and comparative analysis were used; using the method of conce More

The aim of this study is a comparative analysis of the nature and the realm of responsibility from the perspective of Sartre and Islamic view of action. In order to do this, two methods of conceptual analysis and comparative analysis were used; using the method of conceptual analysis, the nature of human responsibility, regarding to the nature of human and its freedom in both views, was examined and then, their similarities and differences were comparatively analyzed. The comparison was analyzed from four aspects of the origin of responsibility and the criteria (nature of responsibility), absolute/bounded responsibility and individual/social responsibility (realm of responsibility). First, despite the initial similarities between the two perspectives on the origins of responsibility, these are distinct by considering the concept of abandonment. Second, these two views, according to two aspects of the objective/subjective and absolute/relative of the responsibility criteria, are naturally different. Being absolute/ bounded, as the third component, makes the two views closer together in the responsibility realm. Fourth, individual/social responsibility of acts deals with the comparative study of this realm from another perspective. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

320 - An Exploration of Aesthetics from John Dewey's View and its Educational Implications
Mohsen kordloo yahya ghaedy saeed zarghami hamrah

The purpose of this study is to explain aesthetics from John Dewey's perspective and draw its educational implications. This research uses conceptual analysis and deduction as methods. The method of data collection is library-documentary and the analyzed documents inclu More

The purpose of this study is to explain aesthetics from John Dewey's perspective and draw its educational implications. This research uses conceptual analysis and deduction as methods. The method of data collection is library-documentary and the analyzed documents include books, research backgrounds and related researches. Aesthetics, experience and knowledge are interrelated in Dewey's perspective. Dewey opposes any kind of dualities and advocates unity in aesthetics, experience and knowledge. The aesthetic experience is distinguished by features such as wholeness, immediacy, cohesion, and so on and knowledge is a part of aesthetics. The implications of Dewey's view of art education can be used in both curriculum and teaching. The implication for curriculum is an integrated viewpoint to art, focusing on the theoretical and practical aspect of art. The implication for teaching emphasizes on the connection between art education and pupil experiences and the emotional aspect of teacher-pupil interaction. Embracing diversity in teaching methods and paying attention to qualitative and process-based evaluation helps to promote art education. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

321 - The Effect of Young Children on Impulsive Decisions of Families in Fun Traveling
Mohesn Akbari Esmaeel Ramezanpour Parmis Moaf

An important dimension of consumer behavior is making impulsive decisions. These decisions are shaped by a quick decision process, resulting from excitement and emotion. Impulsive traveling is one of the immediate behaviors in which a tourist travels to somewhere for wh More

An important dimension of consumer behavior is making impulsive decisions. These decisions are shaped by a quick decision process, resulting from excitement and emotion. Impulsive traveling is one of the immediate behaviors in which a tourist travels to somewhere for which he or she has not carefully planned. There are many reasons behind this kind of behavior in tourism, including going to see somewhere for fun; pressures from friends, peers and family members; undeclared internal motivations; or even encouragement from destinations with different marketing tools. This paper examined the impact of children’s participation, in family decision-making, on the emotions of the decision maker in the family and the impulsive travel plans they made. The conceptual model is based on literature and research background, which showed relationship between variables (youth insistence, decision makers’ emotions and intention to travel impulsively). For sampling and data collection, a questionnaire was distributed among 384 families that had traveled impulsively to different locations of the province of Guilan. This is an applied study, and data collection followed descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. SPSS 19 was used to analyze the descriptive data. For statistical inference, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) based on partial least squares (PLS) and Smart PLS2 software. Results showed that children’s participation in decisions affects impulsive family planning to travel. In addition, the mediating role of emotions was also confirmed showing that children that take part in family decision-making, not only increased the impulsive traveling of family members but also affected their emotions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

322 - Investigating the Effect of Smart Tourism Technologies’ Select Factors on the Satisfaction of Using Technology in Travel: A Case Study of Yazd Visitors
Hashem Reisi amirreza konjkav monfared elahe hosseini

10.52547/journalitor.35654.10.20.21

Emerged out of recent advances and the development of information technology, smart tourism provides modern modes of communication, novel ways of collecting information, and new opportunities for value creation and management. Therefore, this study sought to investigate More

Emerged out of recent advances and the development of information technology, smart tourism provides modern modes of communication, novel ways of collecting information, and new opportunities for value creation and management. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the influence of the technologies used in smart tourism on tourists’ satisfaction with using technology in their travels. The study's statistical population comprised domestic tourists who visited Yazd city in Iran, out of whom 240 individuals were selected via convenient sampling. The required data were collected by administering the 16-item questionnaire proposed by Yoo et al. (2017) and Huang et al. (2017). Moreover, the questionnaire’s technical characteristics were examined in terms of validity (structure and content) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha) to secure the accuracy of the research results. The research hypotheses were also tested based on the partial least squares method using the structural equation modeling and Smart PLS 3 software. The study’s results indicated that all three hypotheses were confirmed, as their t-statistic value was over 1.96. Furthermore, it was found that the highest impact factor belonged to informing aspect of smart tourism technologies, suggesting that offering information, interaction, and accessibility had a significant positive effect on the satisfaction of using technology in travel. It can therefore be argued that satisfaction with the use of technology in travel generates profits for tourism companies, leading to the loyalty of tourists to a particular destination. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

323 - Assessing Users’ Recreational Demand in Urban Parks in Tehran with the Help of the Artificial Neural Network

The advantages of public green spaces are clear. However, it is hard to estimate which parks provide higher standards for users’ (both tourists and citizens) recreational demands. This study provided a model to assess recreational demands in urban parks with the help of More

The advantages of public green spaces are clear. However, it is hard to estimate which parks provide higher standards for users’ (both tourists and citizens) recreational demands. This study provided a model to assess recreational demands in urban parks with the help of the artificial neural network. The aim was to clarify the rules of satisfaction among the users’ recreational demands in urban parks. In 22 districts of the city of Tehran, 104 local urban parks (with a high diversity of the quality of welfare services and design) were selected. Using the user-centered viewpoint, we assessed the recreational demand. A field study from 1395 to 1396 helped to investigate the role of the urban district and park service variables in increasing the demand for urban parks. Results of trained networks showed that the artificial neural network created the best function of topology optimization with a higher coefficient of determination in three categorists of training, validation, and test data. Sensitivity analysis showed that the number of urban district parks, sports areas, cultural areas, and the quality of landscape with a sensitivity coefficient of 183.5, 58.1, 52.7, and 30.4, respectively, had the highest effect on the users’ recreational demand in urban parks. The suggested model would be a decision support system in designing urban parks. Such an approach would help improve urban development based on tourism attractions and would develop urban tourism on a broader scale. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

324 - Key Success Factors of Crowdsourcing in in Developing Tourism Destination Capabilities: A Case Study of Yazd City
Hamed Fallah Tafti Mahdieh Zahmatkesh Saredorahi بهاره گورنگی

Today, information technology has made it possible to solicit the views of different people with diverse perspectives and ideological backgrounds. Being one of the benefits of IT, crowdsourcing could, as an easy-to-use public opinion survey tool, be used as a very usefu More

Today, information technology has made it possible to solicit the views of different people with diverse perspectives and ideological backgrounds. Being one of the benefits of IT, crowdsourcing could, as an easy-to-use public opinion survey tool, be used as a very useful instrument wherever social participation may facilitates the identification and resolution of problems. Having carefully reviewed previous studies of the field, we found that few attempts have so far been made to induce tourists to socially participate in identifying the opportunities for the development of civilian, cultural, and social infrastructures of tourist destinations. As one of the Iranian cultural and historical tourist destinations, Yazd city has recently been enlisted in UNESCO World Heritage sites and has attracted the attention of many tourists worldwide. Having said that, it appears that its tourism capacities and infrastructures need to be developed. This study, therefore, sought to identify the criteria which could be effective in the success of tourist crowdsourcing in offering appropriate solutions for the development of tourism in Yazd. To this end, the primary criteria for the successful implementation of crowdsourcing were extracted from the relevant literature, from which 25 criteria in six general categories were screened and identified via Delphi method. To rank the criteria mentioned, the opinions of Yazd tourism experts were collected through paired comparisons, being analyzed and ranked by fuzzy network analysis. The finding of the study indicated that human resources and cultural indices with the weights of 0.28 and 0.21 respectively were the most important factors in the success of tourist crowdsourcing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

325 - Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the Hotel Industry (Case Study: Parsian Azadi Khazar Hotel)
jafar bahari mehdi karoubi Shahla Bahari Samira Mohammadi

In today's highly competitive world, organizations are looking for new methods to maximize the performance and effort of their employees. The largest and most important capital of any organization, is it's human capital, that overshadowes other investments of the organ More

In today's highly competitive world, organizations are looking for new methods to maximize the performance and effort of their employees. The largest and most important capital of any organization, is it's human capital, that overshadowes other investments of the organization, and the achievement of the goals of the organizations largely depends on the proper functioning of the staff. Today, outstanding organizational performance can not be obtained merely from ordinary staff efforts. One of the reasons underling successes in large organizations is the fact that their staff performance is beyond their formal tasks. Present research aimed to Impact of Emotional Intelligence (EI) on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in the hotel industry in Parsian Azadi Khazar Hotel Chalus has been done in the summer of 2019. The data required for this research is collected by simple random sampling method and with tools of questionnaire. Also, structural equation method has been used by the Smart pls software to analyze data. The method of research is descriptive and correlational and Statistical population of this research is considered all employees of Parsian Azadi Khazar Hotel Chalus. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used and sample size of 89 people was obtained. Also, simple random sampling method was used for sampling. The results showed that the Emotional Intelligence (EI) and every one of its dimensions on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) have a positive and significant impact. and also it was shown that Social Awareness variable has the largest is path coefficient and its impact on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is higher than other variables. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

326 - Smartization of Iran's Tourism Industry: An emphasis on Social and Cultural Empowerment
Farnoush Zangouei Zahra Kharazi Mohammadvandi Azar Jamshid Salehi Sadaghiyani

10.52547/journalitor.36283.10.19.335

The main purpose of this article was to investigate the role of social and cultural empowerment in institutionalizing smart programs of Iran's tourism industry and identify the components of smart tourism in Iran's urban destinations. As a mixed-method research, this st More

The main purpose of this article was to investigate the role of social and cultural empowerment in institutionalizing smart programs of Iran's tourism industry and identify the components of smart tourism in Iran's urban destinations. As a mixed-method research, this study used contractual qualitative content analysis within its qualitative phase and a survey in its quantitative phase. As for the qualitative phase, 13 Iranian tourism managers were selected and interviewed through targeted and snowball sampling. Moreover, to conduct the quantitative phase, 390 travel agency experts were selected via convenience sampling, using Cochran's formula. The results of analyzing the data via structural equation modeling with the partial least squares approach showed that all observable and hidden variables were significant at the level of 0/05, all of which were confirmed. Furthermore, socio-cultural empowerment, smart governance, development of new smart technologies applications, and comprehensive smart tourism services were identified as components of the smart tourism industry in Iran. In addition, based on the Stone-Geisser index, the redundancy index of the social and cultural empowerment component was calculated to be 0/523 and based on its value in the final model (0/528), the strong predictive power of the model was confirmed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

327 - A Comparison Analysis of Conventional Classifiers and Deep Learning Model for Activity Recognition in Smart Homes based on Multi-label Classification
John Kasubi Manjaiah D. Huchaiah Ibrahim Gad Mohammad Kazim Hooshmand

10.61186/jist.36294.12.46.127

Activity Recognition is essential for exploring the various activities that humans engage in within Smart Homes in the presence of multiple sensors as residents interact with household appliances. Smart homes use intelligent IoT devices linked to residents' homes to tra More

Activity Recognition is essential for exploring the various activities that humans engage in within Smart Homes in the presence of multiple sensors as residents interact with household appliances. Smart homes use intelligent IoT devices linked to residents' homes to track changes in human behavior as the humans interact with the home's equipment, which may improve healthcare and security issues for the residents. This study presents a research work that compares conventional classifiers such as DT, LDA, Adaboost, GB, XGBoost, MPL, KNN, and DL, focusing on recognizing human activities in Smart Homes using Activity Recognizing Ambient Sensing (ARAS). The experimental results demonstrated that DL Model outperformed with excellent accuracy compared to conventional classifiers in recognizing human activities in Smart Homes. This work proves that DL Models perform best in analyzing ARAS datasets compared to traditional machine learning algorithms. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

328 - Designing a core competency model for Iranian gas industry managers based on the results of EFQM by artificial intelligence method
Ali reza Zamanian Majid Jahangirfard Farshad Haj alian

The success of organizations in achieving strategic goals is highly dependent on how the managers of that organization perform, and this success is more directly related to the selection and appointment of competent and knowledgeable managers at the top of the organizat More

The success of organizations in achieving strategic goals is highly dependent on how the managers of that organization perform, and this success is more directly related to the selection and appointment of competent and knowledgeable managers at the top of the organizational pyramid. Competency-based management is a strong approach to developing and maintaining the organization's human capital in the long run, and competency models are a useful tool for identifying and developing the knowledge, skills and abilities needed by managers. In general, competency is a set of knowledge, skills, attitudes, abilities, interests and personality traits that enable employees to perform job-related activities effectively and perform job performance as expected or beyond expectations. Do." In accordance with the competencies defined in the evaluation center of the managers of the National Iranian Gas Company and according to the nature of trainable competencies, three categories of communication competencies, managerial and leadership competencies, cognitive and one category of untrained personality competencies have been defined. In this article, we have tried to achieve a set of core competencies in the field of competencies of gas industry managers, which has been achieved based on the performance of managers in organizational excellence. These core competencies are the beacon of the organization in achieving strategic goals and can be purposefully effective in the shortest time and with the least cost in the development process of the managers of the organization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

329 - Evaluation of structural-strategic plans with smart city approach
Jamshid Arous amir aminzadeh

Structural-strategic plans have emerged following the transformation of rational and holistic thinking in the world, and have also changed the process of preparation, approval and implementation of urban plans in our country. The communication system is not that city; R More

Structural-strategic plans have emerged following the transformation of rational and holistic thinking in the world, and have also changed the process of preparation, approval and implementation of urban plans in our country. The communication system is not that city; Rather, it is how to plan and use this tool to improve the quality of life of the citizens of a city. The goal of the smart city is to increase the quality of urban life with a sustainable development approach. The idea of creating smart cities, which is a new topic in urban planning, has been proposed in the last two decades and its components have not been fully defined and identified. The purpose and innovation of the present study is the theoretical design of the smart city and the identification of its infrastructure components. In this research, the work approach is fundamental and using the descriptive-analytical method, identifying the components of the structural-strategic plans of the smart city in urban management is defined as the goal. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

330 - Analysis of Factors Affecting the coopetition of Start-ups in the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Using a Meta syntheses Approac
Mohammad talari fatemeh keshavarzi

Growth and survival is one of the most important challenges for start-ups in the current situation. On the one hand, the coopetition strategy in the last two decades in order to gain, maintain and improve the competitive position has been considered by many businesses. More

Growth and survival is one of the most important challenges for start-ups in the current situation. On the one hand, the coopetition strategy in the last two decades in order to gain, maintain and improve the competitive position has been considered by many businesses. Start-up can gain a good coopetition position in many areas by using a competitive strategy. So far, research has not examined the factors that are involved in the implementation of a coopetition strategy in start-up. In this method, in order to explain the factors affecting the application of the coopetition strategy, first by systematic review of the literature and using the method of meta-synthetic qualitative research, all dimensions of the coopetition strategy were identified. Then the importance and priority of each of the proposed factors is determined using the Shannon quantitative entropy method. After analyzing the articles, the effective factors were classified into 6 categories, 16 dimensions and 68indicators. The results showed; The most important categories are "institutional factors", "strategic factors", "environmental factors","individual-managerial factors","participatory factors","communication factors" respectively. Among the dimensions, " Events " were in the first place, " Supporting institutions ," and " Good reputation of the company " and , "Having coopetitive mindset " were in the second ,third and Fourth places. This study provides a deep understanding of the existing literature on coopetition strategy in start-ups by organizing the factors affecting it and can be used in planning for their growth and survival in complex and dynamic market conditions to compete with other businesse Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

331 - Land Redevelopment Planning in the Urban Historical Fabrics Case study: Zartoshtiha Neighborhood in thehistorical fabric of Yazd city
najma esmaeilpoor Fatemeh Foroughinasab

The Inscription of the historical fabric of Yazd in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage Cities, according to the third and fifth UNESCO cultural criteria, was performed in 2017. One of the strategies for the preservationda More

The Inscription of the historical fabric of Yazd in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage Cities, according to the third and fifth UNESCO cultural criteria, was performed in 2017. One of the strategies for the preservationdaily life in the historical fabric is to reuse the previous lands that have been abandoned or the ones under dilapidated buildings that have become non-productive spaces. The researchpurpose is the first, prioritizing the neighborhoods of the historical fabric of Yazd in terms of the potential of these lands for redevelopment; and then presenting the program of improve the efficiency in their use in the area(neighborhood) with the most capability. The Analytic network process, is one of themulti-criteria decision-making methods that have been used to measure the potential of these lands, and the strategic planning process has been used to plan their reuse in the area with the most capabilities. All neighborhoods of the historical fabric of Yazd have a significant share of land worth redevelopment at their central core and outskirts. Zartoshtiha (followers of the religion of Zoroaster) neighborhood showed a greater potential for redevelopment due to its social desirability, economic potential, especially in the field of tourism, and proper access. The article alsooffersthe proposed suitable uses onpotentially redeveloping lands as well as solutions for the prosperity of life in the Zartoshtiha neighborhood. This article is also an example of the application of non-productive land redevelopment planning in historical and ancient fabrics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

332 - The relationship of Quran with Traditions
علی نصیری

Objective(s): There are four ideologies regarding the validity and Manbaee’at (being the primary source) of Quran and the traditions: 1) Quran-orienticism discusses that the only source for perceiving religion is the Holy Quran. 2) Tradition-orienticism argues that re More

Objective(s): There are four ideologies regarding the validity and Manbaee’at (being the primary source) of Quran and the traditions: 1) Quran-orienticism discusses that the only source for perceiving religion is the Holy Quran. 2) Tradition-orienticism argues that resorting to the Infallibles’(AS) Sunnah is the only source for learning about religion. 3) Quran-orienticism and Tradition-orienticism focuses on the issue that Tradition is the same as Quran in validity and Manbaee’at. 4) Double-orienticism says that Tradition is infereior to Quran with respect to validity and Manbaee’at. Method(s): the present research is based on a descriptive-exploratory method. Thus , for deduction of the Quranic data, the writer has analyzed the content of the Quran. Conclusion : The followers of Quraniyoon movement are in favor of the first ideology while the Akhbaris supports the second one. Allameh Tabatabaee and Shatebi are among the followers of the third ideology. The writer of this article has attemped to address the fourth one. Based on Double-orienticism ideology tradition wit respect to validity and Mabaee’t possses independence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

333 - Place, Time, Dreaming, and Character in Surah Yusuf
مرتضی زارع برمی

Abstract Story is a useful means to convey human aspirations, experiences, thoughts, rites, traditions and values. The Quran uses stories when it intends to fix a truth in the reader’s mind or remove a falsehood from his mind. But this by no means prevents artistic More

Abstract Story is a useful means to convey human aspirations, experiences, thoughts, rites, traditions and values. The Quran uses stories when it intends to fix a truth in the reader’s mind or remove a falsehood from his mind. But this by no means prevents artistic features of storytelling from appearing in Quran’s stories. In the Quran’s stories, conveying religious ideas and using an artistic style are both considered important. This paper, paying attention to the concepts and fundamental principles emphasized today in storytelling and drama, tries to identify and categorize the images and features in Surah Yusuf related to place, time, dreaming and character as much as possible. The method used is description-analytical based on the images taken from the text of the Surah. According to the findings of the research, some of the main artistic-literary features of Surah Yusuf include: presenting a clear and precise picture of the society, place, and time of the story, creativity in creating and developing the characters and human natures, presenting different portrays of a character, dialogue, describing incidents, complication, crisis making, denouement, and creating expectations. These features act in coordination as the story unfolds and help to realize its objectives. The results of the research also showed that there are common points in the contemporary story- writing principles and the story-telling in the Quran in terms of narration, style, structure and use of artistic and literary nuances and techniques. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

334 - Social capital in Islam
علی افسری

Social capital that has been developed by Western scholars is one of the most important concepts in economics, management and social and political sciences. This study examines the the concept of social capital from the Islamic perspective. As a result The study of I More

Social capital that has been developed by Western scholars is one of the most important concepts in economics, management and social and political sciences. This study examines the the concept of social capital from the Islamic perspective. As a result The study of Islamic principles such as unity, brotherhood, justice, taavon, consultation, Mosabereh and Morabeteh, Takafol and Islamic moral virtues show that the implementation of Islamic principles has a large impact on different types and different levels of social capital. In addition, it seems that the implementation of these principles is the most effective way to bring social capital to its highest possible level. Cognitive aspects of Islamic social capital are formed by the unity and brotherhood principles and many moral virtues and the structural aspects are formed by the principles such as taavon, Mosabereh and Morabeteh, consultation, Takafol and social aspects of Islamic rulings. Islamic pattern of social participation can correct the defects of non-Islamic patterns and social participation based on Islamic pattern has a major impact on development of Islamic society. So Propagation of Islamic beliefs and culture and expanding social participation in various affairs are important methods for increasing social capital stock. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

335 - Role of Healthy Heart in Lifestyle in View of the Holy Quran
Marziyeh Abdollahkhani Seyyedeh Raziyeh poormohammadi

Mankind has various dimensions with the most noble one being his heart. That is why when God wants to grant man a blessing and address him, addressed this dimension, i.e. heart (not the physical organ but the spiritual core). The heart, as a major means for cognizance h More

Mankind has various dimensions with the most noble one being his heart. That is why when God wants to grant man a blessing and address him, addressed this dimension, i.e. heart (not the physical organ but the spiritual core). The heart, as a major means for cognizance has an important status in man’s creation and is considered the best path for guidance. Based on the Quran and the teachings of Ahl-ul-Bayt (AS), understanding the characteristics of the heart and guiding it to a healthy path is necessary for perfection of every individual’s knowledge and for finding the path of the truth and improvement of one’s own and others’ lifestyles. Neglecting this important issue would render any effort for rectification and guidance incomplete and inadequate. This paper was conducted through the descriptive-analytical method, using verses of the Quran and Hadiths as well as analyses by Quranic experts. It concluded that in order for rectifying one’s lifestyle, it is necessary to rectify one’s heart. One should understand the role, characteristics and conditions of the heart and its life and death as well as their reason in order to come up with appropriate models for lifestyle. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

336 - 4 Arts in Faithful Lifestyle Based upon Teachings of Imam Reza (AS)
Hamed Pourrostami

Lifestyle has been defined as the way individuals, groups or societies live in the face of their physical, mental, social and economic relations. Whether we call it a way of life or a manner originating from insight, one cannot ignore the fact that it is an art, or rath More

Lifestyle has been defined as the way individuals, groups or societies live in the face of their physical, mental, social and economic relations. Whether we call it a way of life or a manner originating from insight, one cannot ignore the fact that it is an art, or rather, a set of arts that form a macro model and style. This paper investigates the qualitative and quantitative arts in the lifestyle of the faithful as the essence of this style is faith in God. The paper seeks to clarify four arts of reflection, Tawakkul (putting one’s trust in God), Tawaddud (being friendly toward others) and Talazzuz (seeking enjoyment). Reflection is the art of processing and editing one’s knowledge in light of the power of intellect, which is sort of wise interaction with oneself. Tawakkul is the art of trusting in God, who is the source of self-confidence. In fact, Tawakkul is a realistic interaction with God. Tawaddud is the art of loving others, which is a major criterion in the faithful lifestyle and kind of friendly interaction with people. And finally, Talazzuz is also an art, the art of enjoying life and benefiting from the world purposefully. It is a kind of smart interaction with the world and it phenomena and blessings. This research was conducted through descriptive-analytical method in three stages of planning, implementing and reporting. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

337 - Special Characteristics of the Word “Allah” from the View of Semantics and Calligraphy
sadegh arshi morteza hajimazdarani Ahmad mohammadi akmal

This article is a research on the word “Allah” and trying to show special privilege of this word in comparison to other words. The privilege of this word enjoins its sanctity as well as its heavenly meaning which is applied in confining this word comparing to the other. More

This article is a research on the word “Allah” and trying to show special privilege of this word in comparison to other words. The privilege of this word enjoins its sanctity as well as its heavenly meaning which is applied in confining this word comparing to the other. The superiority of the word “Allah” in art and Semantics is manifested clearly in its written form by the early scribes consciously and intentionally. Although this word is considered as the word of Quran and belongs to the Arabic Language and is seemingly the same as other words, but there is no similarity in the scope of writing or meaning between this word and the rest. This word has usually been contrary to the rule of semantics and structure and has always been different from the other words in terms of Semantic, lexical, etymology and grammar. In calligraphy too this word stands as an exception and does not follow any of the writing rules of the other words, because its writing rule is exclusive to its own and no other word can follow according to the writing rule of “Allah”. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

338 - An Investigation of Effects of Quran Recitation Sound on Human Heart, Brain Signals
narjes khorshidi roya sheibani zahra jalali Ghasem Sadeghi Bajestani

As technology advances, man constantly seeks to learn more about interactions among his internal organs and investigate his body’s reactions in times of illness or interventions, such as electric responses of the heart and brain to external stimuli like visual or audito More

As technology advances, man constantly seeks to learn more about interactions among his internal organs and investigate his body’s reactions in times of illness or interventions, such as electric responses of the heart and brain to external stimuli like visual or auditory ones. Hearing a sound and assessing vital signs is one type of intervention. In this research, the effects of the sound of Quran recitation on heart and brain signals in three stages – before, at the time of, and after listening to Quran recitation – have been studied. The heart and brain signals of 50 girl students aged 19 to 24 with roughly similar religious belief levels was registered at a certain time. The objective was to study the effects of listening to Quran recitation on various characteristics, differentiate various states from one another using chaotic processing methods and statistical tests, and examine the accuracy of the results via support vector machines classification. The results show that listening to the Quran has a profound effect on interactions between heart and brain data and causes an increase in data flow between heart and brain signals based on a study of correlation dimension and fractal dimension, and a rise in the interactions between these two vital organs of the body. From a Cybernetics point of view, a rise in interactions in a bio system indicates an increase in the system’s self-organization and efficiency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

339 - Critical success factors of startups based on modern technology; A systematic review
Nasser Safaie Saeid Zamani

10.61186/jstpi.37349.19.76.9

Today, start-ups are considered as a part of the important and key socio-economic groups in the economies of different countries. Meanwhile, statistics show that more than 80% of startups fail in the first year of their establishment. Identifying important success fact More

Today, start-ups are considered as a part of the important and key socio-economic groups in the economies of different countries. Meanwhile, statistics show that more than 80% of startups fail in the first year of their establishment. Identifying important success factors in starting startups reduces the risk of failure and thus increases their chances of success. The present article is a review-library study on the key success factors of startups based on modern technology. Today, startups are an important phenomenon in the world economic community. The process of formation and change of this phenomenon over the years is examined in this research and an attempt has been made to provide a picture of the most important issues in the think tank of startups, which confirms the change and evolution of this phenomenon from 1984 to 2022. For this purpose, by searching the articles of reputable world journals and filtering them based on the subject of this research, 159 articles were finally selected. In the next step, the meaning of startup success was extracted and expressed by researchers and the success factors were divided into three categories: organizational, individual and external. These variables were identified in 46 different categories and presented in the attached table. The results of this research will help the founders of startups to take a more open view of establishing and scoring their company in a competitive market. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

340 - Design of smart shading for an office building to control the entry of direct sunlight based on cooling load reduction by modeling of Iranian-Islamic geometric
mehdi sheikhi فاطمه مهدیزاده سراج

The utilization of buildings contributes to approximately one-third of global energy consumption and a similar share of greenhouse gas emissions. In Iran, the buildings' energy consumption is more than 40% of the total energy consumption. Meanwhile, the environment, sav More

The utilization of buildings contributes to approximately one-third of global energy consumption and a similar share of greenhouse gas emissions. In Iran, the buildings' energy consumption is more than 40% of the total energy consumption. Meanwhile, the environment, saving on fossil fuels, and sustainable development have become very important and common topics in the international arena. So, the building shell plays an important role as the outermost layer of the building, which is mostly connected to environmental factors. This article designs and evaluates the efficiency of the smart shading that prevents unwanted penetration of sunlight in the warm months of the year and allows light to enter the space in the cold months of the year. With the glance aesthetic view, Iranian geometry has been used to create these shading to achieve this beauty. Computer simulation and analysis and library resources are the methods used in this study. In this regard, an analysis sample with dimensions of 4 meters wide, 6 meters long, and 3.2 meters high as a part of office space for the shading were designed. And its effect on indoor lighting in the warm season was analyzed in VELUX Daylight Visualizer software. These shadings move and change direction according to the rotation of the sun. The analysis shows that in hot weather of the year, these shadings can reduce the brightness of the interior space by one-third and reduce the cooling load and keep the light intensity (lux) close to the standard of office space (300 lux). Furthermore, in the cold season of the year, the opening of these shadings is allowed light to enter. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

341 - Necessity and Possibility of Judicial Supervision over Security Council’s Performance in UN Legal System
حسین شریفی طرازکوهی ساسان مدرس سبزواری

The issue of judicial supervision over the Security Council has two different, but interrelated aspects. First of all, the “necessity” of such supervision should be discussed. The present article assumes that the Security Council should be committed to the principles of More

The issue of judicial supervision over the Security Council has two different, but interrelated aspects. First of all, the “necessity” of such supervision should be discussed. The present article assumes that the Security Council should be committed to the principles of international law, the goals of the United Nations, sovereign rights of member states, fundamental human rights guarantees, as well as the basic structure for the division of powers among various organs of the UN. Then it studies the Security Council’s procedure to show that this institution has been frequently found in violation of the aforesaid legal bounds. Security Council’s inattention to the limits of its powers can cast doubts on credibility of the entire UN system. It has been also shown that the “necessity” of judicial supervision can be proven on the basis of the requirements of the “rule of law.” Another aspect of this issue is the “possibility” of judicial supervision in view of the current state of international law. The present paper has shown that although the Charter of the United Nations has remained silent on this issue, it can be confirmed if final goals of this document are taken as basis for its interpretation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

342 - The Necessity of Power Sharing in the Security Council: A Pluralistic Model
Enayatollah Yazadani Enayatollah Yazadani

During the early years fllowing the Second World War, power sharing in the Security Council, the main responsible for maintaining international peace and security was to some extent equitable, given the Political, economic, military and demographic power of its five per More

During the early years fllowing the Second World War, power sharing in the Security Council, the main responsible for maintaining international peace and security was to some extent equitable, given the Political, economic, military and demographic power of its five permanent members and their efforts to from the UN system. With the passage of time and given fundamental changes in the form and straucture of international system, and trasfor mation in the relative power of countries including the permanent members of Security Council, it seems that the present order governing the structure of the Council is unfair and undemocratic which necessitates a reform in the structure of the Security Council by incorporating influential global and regional powers. This article aims to present a pluralistic model to reform the structure of the Security Council, given the emergence of new global and regional powers Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

343 - The Legitimacy of State’s Evaluation in Implementation of United Nations Security Council
Malihe Behfar Hassan Savari

In UNs history, the Legality of Security Council Resolutions, in many cases, is challenged. Generally these challenges take by states that affected Security Councils decisions. With notice that states are the representative for implementation of SCR's, they intervene th More

In UNs history, the Legality of Security Council Resolutions, in many cases, is challenged. Generally these challenges take by states that affected Security Councils decisions. With notice that states are the representative for implementation of SCR's, they intervene their determination and interpretation in the way that implement SC decisions. In some cases domestic and regional courts evaluate the state's action in implementation SCRs. Although these cases couldn’t provide direct review on Resolutions but affected in the way of implementation. Evaluation by states is probable and arises some concerns about decrease effectiveness of SC in maintenance of international peace and security Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

344 - Prerequisites for the Introduction of Regional Arrangements to Maintain International Peace and Security
علی احدی کرنق Mehdi Hadadi

Regional arrangements which are covering a wide range of international institutions, despite some criticisms, were foreseen both in the League of Nations and the United Nations system in order that their capacity to be used to maintain international peace and security. More

Regional arrangements which are covering a wide range of international institutions, despite some criticisms, were foreseen both in the League of Nations and the United Nations system in order that their capacity to be used to maintain international peace and security. Accordingly, Chapter 8 of the United Nations Charter, while emphasizing the involvement of regional arrangements for the maintenance of regional peace and security, has laid down conditions and limits for their involvement. This article while paying attention to the role of regional arrangements in international peace and security, addresses the most important conditions and limits of these arrangements stipulated in the 8th chapter of the Charter. These conditions include: 1. Observance of the principles and objectives of the Charter: this is a condition for the coordination of the United Nations and regional arrangements for maintaining peace and security. 2. Enjoying the mechanism of the resolution of disputes: this condition suggests correspondence between the 6th and 7th chapters of the Charter of the United Nations, on the one hand, and the 8th chapter of the Charter. 3. Obtaining permission from the Security Council to take coercive measures: this condition is based on the primary responsibility of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security. 4. Informing the Security Council: this condition is a complement to the previous condition. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

345 - The Legitimacy of State’s Evaluation in Implementation of United Nations Security Council
Malihe Behfar Hassan Savari

In UNs history, the Legality of Security Council Resolutions, in many cases, is challenged. Generally these challenges take by states that affected Security Councils decisions. With notice that states are the representative for implementation of SCR's, they intervene th More

In UNs history, the Legality of Security Council Resolutions, in many cases, is challenged. Generally these challenges take by states that affected Security Councils decisions. With notice that states are the representative for implementation of SCR's, they intervene their determination and interpretation in the way that implement SC decisions. In some cases domestic and regional courts evaluate the state's action in implementation SCRs. Although these cases couldn’t provide direct review on Resolutions but affected in the way of implementation. Evaluation by states is probable and arises some concerns about decrease effectiveness of SC in maintenance of international peace and security. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

346 - A Study on the Evolution of Beijing Behavior in the Four Periods of "China's International Organizational Diplomacy" and its Outcomes for Beijing
Hamed Vafaei

The present article examines the evolution of China's behavioral characteristics in the three governing systems over the past century; Article divides this Era into four historical periods, examines and analyzes Chinese political ethics within the concept of "internatio More

The present article examines the evolution of China's behavioral characteristics in the three governing systems over the past century; Article divides this Era into four historical periods, examines and analyzes Chinese political ethics within the concept of "international organization diplomacy". The article hope to answers the question of “how the relationship between the behavioral evolution and the policy of the leadership power in China, which has always been directly influenced by the ruling ideology, has an impact on the presence and role of Chinese in international environments, including international organizations?” This article also briefly examines China's interests through its relationship with international organizations and Count some of the benefits of this relationship for the Chinese Communist Party. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

347 - Two- and three-dimensional modeling of leakage using instrumentation results in earthen dams
amene fatehi ali aram

Infiltration and water leakage are destructive phenomena that after the construction of earth dams can endanger the safety and stability of these structures. Numerous studies have been conducted on the numerical modeling of leakage currents from earth dams. The issue is More

Infiltration and water leakage are destructive phenomena that after the construction of earth dams can endanger the safety and stability of these structures. Numerous studies have been conducted on the numerical modeling of leakage currents from earth dams. The issue is the seepage from the body and the foundation and its analysis. Leakage in earthen dams is unavoidable, but if there are suitable conditions for soil erosion, seepage will cause soil particles to be washed away in favorable places. Studies on a large number of destroyed earth dams have shown that about 38% of these damages were due to uncontrolled seepage from the dam body. By analyzing the results of instrumentation and numerical model, the accuracy of instrument information embedded in the dam can be ensured. Numerical methods can be a good, accurate and useful tool for modeling physical phenomena such as the movement and flow of water in porous deposits. Finally, the necessary solutions to determine the leakage path, water escape rate and other measures related to dam safety are suggested. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

348 - Comparison of the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy and Short-term Solution-focused Therapy on the Quality of Life and Resilience of Teenage girls with Heart Disease
hadi AkbariNejhad Mahak Nagizadeh Alamdari

this study aims to compare the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and short-term solution-focused therapy (SSFT) on quality of life and resilience in patients with heart disease. The method of this study was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-tes More

this study aims to compare the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and short-term solution-focused therapy (SSFT) on quality of life and resilience in patients with heart disease. The method of this study was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow up with the control group. The population of this study consisted of all Female students with heart disease the second secondary school in Jolfa in the academic year 2019-2020. In total, 45 Female students were selected by purposive sampling method, who were randomly divided into three groups (Each group 15 people). Members of both experimental groups received their treatment, respectively, in 8 and 6 sessions of 1.5 hours; however, the control group did not receive any treatment. Measuring instruments were quality of life and Connor and Davidson's resilience questionnaire. Analysis of findings through repeated measures analysis of variance & Bonferroni post hoc test. Both treatments compared to the control group, increased quality of life and resilience in patient after the test. In the follow-up phase, the effect of these two treatments on quality of life and resilience was lasting. The effect of these two treatments on quality of life and resilience at posttest and follow-up was not different. It seems that these two therapies can increase the acceptance of the disease in heart patients, so they can probably be considered as a useful treatment strategy to improve the mental status of heart patients. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

349 - Developing Contemporary Arts’ Tourism in Iran: Challenges and Requirements
Somayeh Momeni Nazanin Tabrizi Mohammad Hassan Zaal

As an emerging concept in tourism studies, “Contemporary Arts Tourism” is currently discussed within the framework of Cultural Tourism studies. The growing status of Arts Tourism in developed countries indicates the significance of art in a sustainable development proce More

As an emerging concept in tourism studies, “Contemporary Arts Tourism” is currently discussed within the framework of Cultural Tourism studies. The growing status of Arts Tourism in developed countries indicates the significance of art in a sustainable development process. The case also holds true for Iran. In this regard, the current status of the “Culture and Arts” and “Tourism” economy heralds a promising future as an alternative to the present economy that is based on oil and natural resources, considering the fact that the cultural capital required for such a development already exists. Therefore, this study sought to identify the challenges and requirements of developing contemporary art tourism in Iran using the grounded theory approach. To this end, the required data were collected through specialized interviews with twenty-seven participants, including art experts, tourism professionals, and relevant government employees. The collected data were then analyzed using three stages of coding, including open, axial, and selective coding. According to the study’s results, the government, the tourism sector, and the art society were identified as the main actors (stakeholders) in developing contemporary art tourism in Iran. However, as the concerted performance of such actors is crucially important for the realization of the goals of such a development, redefining the actors’ roles and revising their duties are the main requirements of such a development. Furthermore, factors such as training, flexibility, improvement of the artistic creation’s infrastructure, development of the tourism industry’s requirements, and correction of Iran's image in the international arena seem to be of great importance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

350 - Identifying the Factors Involved in Applying IoT to Smartening Tourism Destinations Using Future Studies Approach: A Case Study of Fars Province
Khadije Kaveh maryam nekooeezadeh Moslem Alimohammadlo

10.61186/journalitor.38331.12.25.31

Fars province is one of the main hubs of tourism centers in Iran. Therefore, paying special attention to tourism in the province and using Internet-of-things technology in its tourism management can provide suitable facilities for improving the welfare of its visiting t More

Fars province is one of the main hubs of tourism centers in Iran. Therefore, paying special attention to tourism in the province and using Internet-of-things technology in its tourism management can provide suitable facilities for improving the welfare of its visiting tourists, thus increasing the visiting rate of its tourist destinations. In this regard, the present study sought to predict and identify the most important factors involved in applying the Internet of Things technology to the Smartization of tourist destinations in Fars province and to develop feasible desirable future scenarios thereof. To this end, the required data for this applied study were collected by conducting interviews, administering questionnaires, and carrying out a systematic review of related literature. Finally, the collected data were analyzed by the Scenario Wizard software using the MICMAC method. The results of the MICMAC analysis revealed the main role of 14 key variables in the application of the Internet of Things technology to the Smartization of tourist destinations in Fars province. On the other hand, two strong scenarios, 1548 weak scenarios, and nine scenarios with high compatibility were obtained using the Scenario Wizard software. Accordingly, the study used the aforementioned nine high-compatibility scenarios, finding that the future of tourism in Fars province would be similar to the current circumstances. It was also found that the trend of changes in the status of tourism would be slow and that the chances of applying the Internet of Things technology to the province’s tourism destinations would be low. Finally, based on the obtained scenarios, the study proposed some strategies to achieve the desired results in smart tourism. Therefore, the results of the current study could help tourism professionals prepare the ground for the application of state-of-the-art technologies such as the Internet of Things to tourism and thus develop the field through setting long-term plans. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

351 - Designing a Model of Women's Social Participation with an Interpretive Structural Approach
Marjan Nory reza ali mohseni gholamreza khoshfar

Participation is a right that must be provided for all and is one of the important foundations of social relations, and women, as half of the population, can play an important role in the development of societies through social participation. Therefore, the aim of this More

Participation is a right that must be provided for all and is one of the important foundations of social relations, and women, as half of the population, can play an important role in the development of societies through social participation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design a model of women's social participation with an interpretive structural approach. The present research is applied and based on the method, descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included 10 university experts in Golestan province in the field of sociology. In the first step, interviews with experts were used to identify the components of social participation, and in the second step, interpretive structural modeling with Excel software was used to design the model. The results showed that the model of social participation has two levels, which are components (social cohesion, social status, hope for the future, social status, social security, populism, social awareness, self-confidence, lifestyle, social class, use of mass media, Job status, democratic family structure, income level, education and marriage) were in the first level and the component (age) was in the second level and all components were in the link cluster. Finally, it can be said that the basis of women's social participation in Golestan province is the age component Participation is a right that must be provided for all and is one of the important foundations of social relations, and women, as half of the population, can play an important role in the development of societies through social participation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design a model of women's social participation with an interpretive structural approach. The present research is applied and based on the method, descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included 10 university experts in Golestan province in the field of sociology. In the first step, interviews with experts were used to identify the components of social participation, and in the second step, interpretive structural modeling with Excel software was used to design the model. The results showed that the model of social participation has two levels, which are components (social cohesion, social status, hope for the future, social status, social security, populism, social awareness, self-confidence, lifestyle, social class, use of mass media, Job status, democratic family structure, income level, education and marriage) were in the first level and the component (age) was in the second level and all components were in the link cluster. Finally, it can be said that the basis of women's social participation in Golestan province is the age component.. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

352 - Application of Machine Learning in the Telecommunications Industry: Partial Churn Prediction by using a Hybrid Feature Selection Approach
Fatemeh Mozaffari Iman Raeesi Vanani Payam Mahmoudian Babak Sohrabi

10.61186/jist.38419.11.44.331

The telecommunications industry is one of the most competitive industries in the world. Because of the high cost of customer acquisition and the adverse effects of customer churn on the company's performance, customer retention becomes an inseparable part of strategic d More

The telecommunications industry is one of the most competitive industries in the world. Because of the high cost of customer acquisition and the adverse effects of customer churn on the company's performance, customer retention becomes an inseparable part of strategic decision-making and one of the main objectives of customer relationship management. Although customer churn prediction models are widely studied in various domains, several challenges remain in designing and implementing an effective model. This paper addresses the customer churn prediction problem with a practical approach. The experimental analysis was conducted on the customers' data gathered from available sources at a telecom company in Iran. First, partial churn was defined in a new way that exploits the status of customers based on criteria that can be measured easily in the telecommunications industry. This definition is also based on data mining techniques that can find the degree of similarity between assorted customers with active ones or churners. Moreover, a hybrid feature selection approach was proposed in which various feature selection methods, along with the crowd's wisdom, were applied. It was found that the wisdom of the crowd can be used as a useful feature selection method. Finally, a predictive model was developed using advanced machine learning algorithms such as bagging, boosting, stacking, and deep learning. The partial customer churn was predicted with more than 88% accuracy by the Gradient Boosting Machine algorithm by using 5-fold cross-validation. Comparative results indicate that the proposed model performs efficiently compared to the ones applied in the previous studies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

353 - Participation at Source Separation of Waste in Tehran City
bizhan zare RAMIN KARIMI

Nowadays management of discharged materials is considered as one of the factors influencing sustainable urban development plans and recycling waste materials is very important in the areas of environment and urban management, and source separation of waste itself is the More

Nowadays management of discharged materials is considered as one of the factors influencing sustainable urban development plans and recycling waste materials is very important in the areas of environment and urban management, and source separation of waste itself is the main pillar of recycling.The purpose of this study is to identify and examine social factors and practical conditions for participation in source separation of waste. The study also is going to determine the roles of each factor and the ratio of their share portions. The methodology used for this research is cross-sectional surveying. The society of the research is composed of 15-75 years old Tehranian citizens. The statistical sample also includes 384 persons. Multi-stage clustered random sampling is used and data were collected by questionnaire. The general framework of the research model includes three groups of variables including social factors (social capital, socio-economic status, satisfaction of the municipality), practical conditions and economic benefits of source separation of waste. Results showed that trust in the Municipal Organizations, economic benefits of source separation of waste and practical conditions are associated with participation in source separation of waste. Multivariate regression analysis showed that 47% of the variance of participation at source separation of waste is explained by the model. Results showed that practical conditions have an important role in participation in source separation of waste in Tehran city. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

354 - Examining The Methods Of Compensation For Minor Damages In Iranian And British Law
Maryam Tafazoli Mehrjardi Behshid Arfania

10.61186/ahrar.38612.2.4.82

The purpose of civil liability is to compensate the injured party. If the terms and conditions of civil liability of the minor guardian are met, the injured party has the right to seek compensation from the guardian. In Iranian law, the purpose of compensating the inj More

The purpose of civil liability is to compensate the injured party. If the terms and conditions of civil liability of the minor guardian are met, the injured party has the right to seek compensation from the guardian. In Iranian law, the purpose of compensating the injured party is to return him/her to his/her former state. This means that the damage caused should be compensated and restored in a way as if it has not been occurred at all. The minor guardian, like any other civil responsible person, is only liable for the attributable damages resulting from the minor’s act. In the common law system, civil liability arises from the act or omission, which has caused damage to the other, mainly due to the negligence of the perpetrator, and he/she must take action to compensate it. If in order to determine the pattern of care and compliance, the performance of the harmful person is evaluated with the performance of the normal person, which is sometimes related to the action of the harmful person such as probability of loss and probable damage and sometimes related to the injured person. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

355 - Presenting a model to solve the challenges facing the participation of people and social institutionsIn the fight against environmental crimes
Hasan Haji tabar Nima Parvaneh Maral Darbandi

10.61186/ahrar.38616.2.4.122

Environmental crises are taking on new dimensions every day. Crises related to ozone depletion, nuclear waste storage, industrial and chemical waste management, etc. can be seen around life. Environmental crimes are any type of current or current cracks that cause sever More

Environmental crises are taking on new dimensions every day. Crises related to ozone depletion, nuclear waste storage, industrial and chemical waste management, etc. can be seen around life. Environmental crimes are any type of current or current cracks that cause severe damage to the environment and endanger human health. Environmental crimes against living components of the environment minus humans include all plant and animal organisms. For this reason, and with the uncontrolled increase of this type of serious environmental damage, it has led to the presentation of a model to combat environmental crimes. The statistical population of this article is about ١٣environmental activists in the country who have been interviewed in the form of an open article and at first the challenges of public participation and comprehensive institutions in the fight against environmental crimes Using factor analysis and pls software to determine the relationship between these factors to confirm, then the relationship of these challenges with environmental crimes in a ranking using the Friedman test and finally A model for influencing environmental crimes is presented with the participation of the public and government institutions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

356 - Satellite Consumption and its Impact on Social Health
Ehsan Rahmani khalili

Today, the media, while informing, can change beliefs, feelings, attitudes, social behaviours, and reduce or increase satisfaction and improve life skills by designing programmed messages. This has increased the importance of the role of the media in meeting the basic More

Today, the media, while informing, can change beliefs, feelings, attitudes, social behaviours, and reduce or increase satisfaction and improve life skills by designing programmed messages. This has increased the importance of the role of the media in meeting the basic needs of society, including social health, and has created a new field of study. Now, the most important question of the present article is: What effect has the consumption of satellite channels by Tehran citizens on their social health in the presence of the variables of voluntary participation and social bonding?The descriptive-causal research approach and survey method were conducted in May 2018. After examining the validity and reliability among 810 citizens of Tehran, the questionnaire was classified by multi-stage sampling method and clustering. The measurement of the social health variable was inspired by the Keys model after localization and the variable of consumption of satellite channels through the amount of time spent watching satellite.The findings of the present study based on the Pearson correlation coefficient test show that the variables of social bonding and voluntary participation have a positive and direct relationship with social health and voluntary participation has a positive and significant effect on social bonding. In examining the relationship between causality, social participation, voluntary participation and the rate of consumption of foreign channels affected social health, the rate of consumption of foreign channels as the most external variable has a negative impact on social health and two other variables. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

357 - Comparison of Khamriyat of Abu Nuwas and Saqi-Nameh of PartoviShirazi (From the Soil to the Sky)
marjan aliakbarzade zehtab Farzad Farzi

Saqi-nameh and khamriya-saraei are one of the most pleasant lyrical types of poetry. Many poets and mystics have written their poems based on themes and concepts of Khamr poetry. The comparative study of the themes of the poems of Abu Nuwas (133 AH-196) and Hakim Partov More

Saqi-nameh and khamriya-saraei are one of the most pleasant lyrical types of poetry. Many poets and mystics have written their poems based on themes and concepts of Khamr poetry. The comparative study of the themes of the poems of Abu Nuwas (133 AH-196) and Hakim Partovi (870 AH-941) is the main issue of this article. This research, with descriptive-analytical method and relying on library texts, seeks to answer the question that what are the differences and similarities of the poetic themes in Abu Nuwas'sKhmeryat and Hakim Partovi'sSaqi-Nameh? The results of the research show that both of these works are similar in terms of descriptions, similes, use of musical instruments and tunes, as well as tavern vocabulary, and the difference that can be seen in these two is that wine, tavern instruments ,Saqi and PirMikdeh in Abu Nuwas'sKhamriat had an outward aspect, but in Saqi Nama Partovi, it is beyond the outward meaning and expresses a kind of philosophical and mystical thought. The concept of wine and wine drinking in Abu Nuwas's wine has the aspect of pleasure-seeking, and in Partovi'sSaqi-nameh, it has the aspect of mystical drunkenness and reaching closeness to God. He somehow tries to reflect high mystical thoughts in his poems by using seemingly infamous Khmer words. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

358 - Two methods of aerobic and combined training on biomechanics of Vessels in patients after bilateral femoral artery coronary grafting
Gholamreza Rostami Haider Sadeghi Yahya Sokhanguei

10.52547/jspac.39093.3.7.36

Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common causes of death in the world and its prevalence increases with age. For the purpose of cardiac rehabilitation after heart disease, performing exercise training causes functional and structural adaptations in p More

Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common causes of death in the world and its prevalence increases with age. For the purpose of cardiac rehabilitation after heart disease, performing exercise training causes functional and structural adaptations in patient’s cardiovascular system and consequently reduces mortality from related diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two methods of aerobic and combined exercise training biomechanics of blood in middle-aged patients after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study with a pre-post test design, 68 middle-aged men (mean age 56.19± 1.26 years) were studied after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery. Subjects were randomly and availably divided into 3 groups: aerobic (n =20) and combined (aerobic + resistance) (n =20) exercise training, and control groups (n =28). Subjects in the intervention groups performed 8 weeks of training/3 sessions per week. Each training session in aerobic and combined groups was considered for 40 minutes with the intensity of 70-85% heart rate reserved, and 60 minutes with the intensity of 40-80% one repetition maximum for each patient, respectively. In order to analyze the data, Leven, MANOVA and Bonferroni statistical tests were used at the significance level of P≤0.05. Results: The results of one-way MANOVA test showed that the levels of functional capacity, ejection fraction and maximal oxygen consumption were increased significantly after aerobic and combined exercise training compared to control group (p <0.05). However, Bonferroni post hoc test showed no significant differences between functional capacity, ejection fraction and maximal oxygen consumption post-test levels in aerobic and combined exercise training groups (p> 0.05). Conclusion: the findings of this study show that both aerobic and combined exercise training can improve the heart functional variables in middle-aged patients after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery, and this improvement levels appears to be independent of the types of training. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

359 - A new approach to IoT-based disease diagnosis using genetic algorithms and various classifiers
seyed ebrahim dashti maryam nikpor mehdi nikpor mahbobe johari

Medical information technology and health services are related to the national welfare and livelihood of the people. The integration of cloud computing and the Internet of Things will be a major breakthrough in modern medical applications. This study focuses on the chro More

Medical information technology and health services are related to the national welfare and livelihood of the people. The integration of cloud computing and the Internet of Things will be a major breakthrough in modern medical applications. This study focuses on the chronic disease of diabetes, which is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. This research has applied medical information technology in the field of IoT, especially in the field of medical monitoring and management applications. A model architecture for remote monitoring and management of the health information cloud platform is proposed and analyzed, and then an algorithm based on genetic algorithm and hybrid classification for the diagnosis of diabetes is proposed for medical monitoring. The results show that the proposed method has a higher performance than the basic methods and has reached an accuracy of 94%. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

360 - Exploring the antecedents and consequences of smart good governance using the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM)
Seyed Abdolrasoul Hosseini Mohammad Ghasemi Nour Mohammad Yaghubi Habibollah Salarzehi

Background: The present study aimed to identify the antecedents and consequences of smart good governance using the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM). Method: The present study is a mixed-method study that was conducted using a deductive-inductive approach. It is also an appli More

Background: The present study aimed to identify the antecedents and consequences of smart good governance using the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM). Method: The present study is a mixed-method study that was conducted using a deductive-inductive approach. It is also an applied study in terms of its objectives and a descriptive survey study in terms of the design and methodology. The research population included all experts in the field of governance. Accordingly, 26 experts were selected based on the principle of theoretical adequacy and using purposive sampling. In the qualitative part of the study, semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data. In addition, in the quantitative part, a Researcher made questionnaire was used to collect the data. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed via content validity and test-retest method. In the qualitative part, the data collected from the interviews were analyzed using ATLAS.ti software and the indexing method. Besides, in the quantitative part of the study, the antecedents and consequences of smart good governance were ranked using the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM). Results: A comparison of the precedents of smart good governance showed that smart technology and data, electronic and smart interaction, rule of law, competent and committed authorities, cyber and smart security, good smart society and citizens, smart management and executive leadership, e-architecture, smart e-government, the quality of laws and regulations, transparent governance, democratic and smart infrastructure, strategies and political stability, the strengthening of civil society, and public awareness were ranked as the most important factors, respectively. It was also shown that efficiency and effectiveness, entrepreneurship, improving quality of life and sustainable development, ethics and morality, equality and inclusive justice, downsizing, successful crisis management, immediate response to challenges, increasing closeness and compassion between government and people, reducing corruption, technological knowledge, reducing work time and administrative processes, and eliminating bureaucracy were the most important consequences of smart good government, respectively. The insights from this study can contribute to establishing smart good governance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

361 - Pentagonal Model of Knowledge Sources and their Comparative Order in Sadrian and Cartesian Structure of Knowledge
Hassan Rahbar Kazim Mosakhany Eshaq Asoodeh Hamid Eskandari

Epistemology, which deals with the possibility, whatness, sources, and realm of knowledge, bases one of its most important principles on discovering Man’s sources of knowledge. Contemporary epistemologists refer to five sources of knowledge for human beings: sense perce More

Epistemology, which deals with the possibility, whatness, sources, and realm of knowledge, bases one of its most important principles on discovering Man’s sources of knowledge. Contemporary epistemologists refer to five sources of knowledge for human beings: sense perception, reason, introspection, testimony, and memory. Descartes, as a philosopher of the Western world, and Mullā Ṣadrā, as a philosopher of the world of Islam, have provided some theories regarding the problem of knowledge, particularly its sources. Their views are compatible with the pentagonal model proposed by cotemporary epistemologist in this respect. Mullā Ṣadrā and Descartes believe that knowledge acquisition begins with sense perception and ends in reason. Nevertheless, the difference is that, although reason in the Transcendent Philosophy is the last level of perception, it does not mark the end of the way, and it is intuition-based introspection that ends the acquisition of true knowledge. In the cognitive schools of Mullā Ṣadrā and Descartes, sense perception, intellect, and introspection are responsible for producing knowledge, testifying to its transfer, and functioning as social and general sources of knowledge, and memory is responsible for maintaining and safekeeping of knowledge. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

362 - Identifying and Ranking Negotiable Items with Startups from Venture Capitalists' Perspective
Rahi Zandifar DANIAL DANA

10.61186/jstpi.39469.19.76.1

Venture capital is a tool for funding innovative and knowledge-based companies. The degree of importance that venture capitalists place on negotiable items is one of the challenges associated with this type of investment. Furthermore, investors' flexibility is a crucial More

Venture capital is a tool for funding innovative and knowledge-based companies. The degree of importance that venture capitalists place on negotiable items is one of the challenges associated with this type of investment. Furthermore, investors' flexibility is a crucial component of the VC investment process. The purpose of this research was to identify and rank what venture capitalists consider negotiable with startups. For this purpose, the negotiable items were identified through a literature review and then the validity of the questionnaires was evaluated and approved by experts. Consequently, the data of 26 experts in the field of the venture capital industry in Iran is collected through two questionnaires on a 5-point Likert scale. Reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha. Therefore, the research method was a descriptive survey based on the nature and data collection, and in terms of purpose, it was a practical development. Finally, the data were analyzed and ranked using multi-criteria decision-making algorithm (Shannon’s entropy and TOPSIS) based on the degree of importance and flexibility attributes. According to the findings of this study, these negotiable items fell into the descending order based on two criteria including importance and flexibility: preferred stock, board control (control rights), pro-rata rights, investment amount, valuation, performance indicator, liquidation preference rights, ownership stake, information rights, vesting, anti-dilution rights, tag-along rights, drag-along rights, option pool, dividends, participation rights, pay to play provisions and redemption rights (repurchase rights). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

363 - Identification of Transfer Function Parameters of Brushless DC Motor Using Particle Swarm Algorithm
Ahmad Shirzadi Arash Dehestani Kolagar Mohammad Reza Alizadeh Pahlavani

So far, comprehensive and extensive studies have been conducted on the brushless DC motor (BLDC), and a part of these studies focuses on the estimation of the parameters of the transfer function of this motor. Estimation of BLDC motor transfer function parameters is ess More

So far, comprehensive and extensive studies have been conducted on the brushless DC motor (BLDC), and a part of these studies focuses on the estimation of the parameters of the transfer function of this motor. Estimation of BLDC motor transfer function parameters is essential to study motor performance and predict its behavior. Therefore, an efficient, accurate and reliable parameter estimation method is needed. In this article, the problem of estimating the parameters of the transfer function of the inverter-fed BLDC motor set has been solved using particle swarm algorithms (PSO). The results of using this algorithm have been compared with the results of other optimization algorithms. The comparison of these results has shown that the PSO algorithm is an efficient, accurate and reliable method for solving the transfer function parameter estimation problem. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

364 - Breaking the foundation in Shams Tabrizi articles
mahmoud Khoramabadi AliَََAkbar AfrasiabPour Ali Fatolahi

This article deals with the analysis of the elements that break the foundation from the point of view of Derrida and the analysis of these elements in the articles of Shams and tries to reconstruct the pluralism of meaning in damaging the metaphysical ideas presented in More

This article deals with the analysis of the elements that break the foundation from the point of view of Derrida and the analysis of these elements in the articles of Shams and tries to reconstruct the pluralism of meaning in damaging the metaphysical ideas presented in Western philosophy and reach new meanings from the text. Shams Tabrizi's articles have the capacity to achieve countless signs and symbols for multiple meanings with consecutive semantic suspensions. The authors of this article, with descriptive-analytical method based on Derrida's foundation-breaking approach, examine some of these concepts such as the negation of the definition of the unit of truth, the death of the author, the semiotics of post-structuralism, the dominant ideology of the text through the negation of contrasts, values, etc. have done. In Shams's articles, in the field of negation of the definition of the single truth, the truth is not considered an absolute and single thing, but it is placed in the field of interpretive debates and everyone has their own interpretation of it. Contrary to the views of Platonic logos, Shams introduces wisdom and rationalism as completely incomplete in the path of truth and sees it as a veil for the seeker. He does not contrast writing and speech or presence and absence, but beyond these two, he generally considers speech and presence as a veil. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

365 - The Correspondence Between Quranic Expressive Approaches and Modern Western Art Schools In Virtue Of Concept
Zahra Abdollah

Accounting the Quranic explications “Naught is there but its treasuries are with Us, and We send it not down but in a known measure” (Al-Hejr: 21) and “That is the bounty of God; He gives it to whom He will”(Al-Jom’eh: 4), present paper regards Western art creations in More

Accounting the Quranic explications “Naught is there but its treasuries are with Us, and We send it not down but in a known measure” (Al-Hejr: 21) and “That is the bounty of God; He gives it to whom He will”(Al-Jom’eh: 4), present paper regards Western art creations in virtue of “concept” worthy of reflection and reconsideration. It unearths the basic ideas and fundamental principles of modern art schools and explores their relation to the Holy Quran’s expressive approaches in reflecting intended issues. Thus, the question here would be “what is the correspondence between Quranic styles of representation and modes of expression in modern art schools?" We restrict ourselves to the influential Euro-American movements of late 19th to early 21st century influencing the contemporary art currents. The methodology of this qualitative and exploratory research is descriptive and analytical, and it benefits from critical theory of Deleuze and Guattari. The investigated schools and their related “concepts” include Romanticism, Naturalism, Realism, Impressionism, Pointillism, Symbolism, Expressionism, Cubism, Futurism, Dadaism, Constructivism, Surrealism, Hyperrealism, Conceptualism, Participative/Interactive art, Abstractionism, Minimalism, and Deconstructivism. According to this research, there is certain congruity and correspondence between Quranic expressive approaches and modern art school’s methods of expression or representation in virtue of “concept”. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

366 - Improving resource allocation in mobile edge computing using gray wolf and particle swarm optimization algorithms
seyed ebrahim dashti saeid shabooei

Mobile edge computing improves the experience of end users to achieve appropriate services and service quality. In this paper, the problem of improving resource allocation when offloading tasks based on mobile devices to edge servers in computing systems was investigate More

Mobile edge computing improves the experience of end users to achieve appropriate services and service quality. In this paper, the problem of improving resource allocation when offloading tasks based on mobile devices to edge servers in computing systems was investigated. Some tasks are processed locally and some are offloaded to edge servers. The main issue is that the offloaded tasks for virtual machines in computing networks are properly scheduled to minimize computing time, service cost, computing network waste, and the maximum connection of a task with the network. In this paper, it was introduced using the hybrid algorithm of particle swarm and gray wolf to manage resource allocation and task scheduling to achieve an optimal result in edge computing networks. The comparison results show the improvement of waiting time and cost in the proposed approach. The results show that, on average, the proposed model has performed better by reducing the work time by 10% and increasing the use of resources by 16%. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

367 - Analysis of Thematic Trends of Smart City Studies in the Recent Decade (From the Emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution to 2021)
Alireza Noruzi Mohammad Reza Vasfi Somayyeh Jafari Baghiabadi

10.52547/jstpi.39816.19.73.10

The fourth industrial revolution, with the convergence of new technologies, has led to the emergence of smart cities. While the smartening of cities by governments has been happening at a high speed, the concept and implementation of the smart city are still being updat More

The fourth industrial revolution, with the convergence of new technologies, has led to the emergence of smart cities. While the smartening of cities by governments has been happening at a high speed, the concept and implementation of the smart city are still being updated and changed. In this regard, the current research aims to analyze the thematic trends of publications on smart city in the Web of Science (WoS) database from the emergence of the fourth industrial revolution to 2021, and track the thematic trends of these studies. This scientometric research was carried out descriptively with the content analysis method, using the techniques of co-occurrence analysis and social network analysis. The trends of publications and citation influence of studies in the field of smart cities in the last decade has had an upward growth of 38.78% and 69.49%, respectively. In the three time periods, "IoT, City, Internet, and Wireless Sensor Network" have the most frequency, "IOT, City, Internet, and Wireless Sensor Network" have the most connections, and "ipv6, Sustainable City, and Urban Development" in 2012–2015, "Taxonomy, cloud objects and distributed computing" in 2016–2018 and "Literature review, urban informatics, and sustainable urban development" in 2019-2021 have received the most citations. In 2012–2015, clusters of sensor networks, smartphones, genetic algorithms, advanced sensors, ubiquitous city, and m2m; in 2016-2018 clusters of deep learning, participation, evolutionary algorithms, ubiquitous computing, and smart cities; and in 2019-2021 blockchain clusters, participation citizenship, IoT, topics, technologies, and tools.multi-agent systems, and Brazil were identified. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

368 - Analysis of Factors Affecting the Success of Startups using Meta_Synthesis
maryam darvishi Parvaneh Alasvand Bakhtiarpour

start-up is a new business that offers an innovative solution to a problem; start-ups are an integral part of the transformation and evolution process in the expanding world market today. While there is no guarantee of success for this business through the proposed solu More

start-up is a new business that offers an innovative solution to a problem; start-ups are an integral part of the transformation and evolution process in the expanding world market today. While there is no guarantee of success for this business through the proposed solution. Many consider startups as a new culture for new ideas and creativity beyond existing ideas aimed at solving existing problems in key areas. The purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive, pervasive, and integrated information model of the success factors of startups. To this end, by employing meta_synthesis approach in this research, the results and findings of previous researchers were analyzed, and by examining comprehensive studies on the success factors of startups in reputable domestic and foreign scientific bases, 52 articles on this subject were identified. The research results classified the success factors of startups into 6 main themes and 17 components. The main themes include: Strategy and Policy (business model management, goals and plans, vision and strategies), Innovation and Entrepreneurship (innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem, dynamic entrepreneurial capacity, innovation and entrepreneurship culture), Service and Product Management (marketing and sales, customer satisfaction, quality and quantity of products, production methods), Resources (financial resources, human resources), Technology and Knowledge (knowledge management, technological infrastructure), and Technological Infrastructure (the role of government and relevant institutions, the role of financial institutions and investment, international environment), each of which is further elaborated with identified components. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

369 - Ethics and Art in Postmodernism from Lyotard’s point of view
Mahdi Mohammadi KiakalaAmlashi Mohammad reza Sharifzadeh hossein ardalani Mohammad Aref

From Lyotard's point of view, "modernity is continuously the result of postmodernity" or in other words: "Postmodernity is a rewriting of modernity." An unprejudiced return to the starting point, an understanding of modernity including its crises. Rewriting modernity me More

From Lyotard's point of view, "modernity is continuously the result of postmodernity" or in other words: "Postmodernity is a rewriting of modernity." An unprejudiced return to the starting point, an understanding of modernity including its crises. Rewriting modernity means recalling the errors, mistakes and tragedies that the modern age has caused, and finally, revealing the fate that a fortune-teller predicted at the beginning of the modern age and has now came true in history. Anti-rationalism and unbelief are important crises of modernity in ethics and Art. From his point of view, the source of these inadequacies is in the definition of general reason and the use of scientific reason to shape life. This research has been done with the aim of investigating ethics and Art in Postmodernism from Lyotard's point of view, and we are trying to answer the question that what is the place of ethics and Art in Lyotard's perspective in postmodernism?. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

370 - Meta-analysis of studies conducted in the field of smart city indicators in Iran
Mohammad javad samani nezhad neda khodakaramiangilan

The process of urbanization in the world and the problems arising from it bring great challenges to cities, and the concept of a smart city has been created as a solution to the problems of cities. Therefore, prioritizing criteria and indicators is of particular importa More

The process of urbanization in the world and the problems arising from it bring great challenges to cities, and the concept of a smart city has been created as a solution to the problems of cities. Therefore, prioritizing criteria and indicators is of particular importance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the indicators affecting the smart city in Iran. The present study is a descriptive-analytical research in which the meta-analysis method was used. The statistical population of the research includes all the researches conducted in the field of smart city indicators that were published in Normagz, Jihad University, Humanities, Mogiran and Irandak databases from 1396 to 1400. In this research, the amount of collaboration and participation of researchers, statistical society, sampling method and time pattern of publication of articles and variables used and their effect size in smart city studies in Iran were investigated. The results showed that the level of cooperation and teamwork of researchers in research is acceptable and most of the research was done in the period of 1399 to 1400. Also, the results showed that most of the researchers were researching in a specific field. Finally, the results of the effect size showed that the smart economy has the largest effect size in the smart city, and smart people are the second most important variable in the smart city. Smart government and smart environment are also the next variables. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

371 - Examining the role of influencing factors on value co-creation through technologies equipped with artificial intelligence and knowledge management in the tourism industry
Mohammad bashokouh Iman Ghasemi hamedani

10.61186/jstpi.40640.19.75.42

In the 21st century, the growth of new technologies, especially in tourism, is inevitable. The development of information and communication technology has also caused significant changes in tourism behavior. The current research is devoted to the analysis of the effecti More

In the 21st century, the growth of new technologies, especially in tourism, is inevitable. The development of information and communication technology has also caused significant changes in tourism behavior. The current research is devoted to the analysis of the effective factors on value co-creation through technologies equipped with artificial intelligence and knowledge management in the tourism industry. This research is descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population of the research consists of employees and experts of the tourism industry, and 190 sample members were randomly selected. Data were analyzed using spss software and partial least squares method and Smart PLS software. were analyzed. Customer-based factors with a coefficient of 0.364 on the effectiveness of value co-creation, technology equipped with artificial intelligence with a coefficient of 0.802 on customer-based factors and with a coefficient of 1.097 on the effectiveness of value co-creation, and finally knowledge management with a coefficient of 0.540 The effectiveness of value co-creation has a significant impact. And customer-based factors with a coefficient of 0.292 were able to mediate the relationship between technology equipped with artificial intelligence and the effectiveness of value co-creation. Examining the results of this research showed that the significant effect of customer-based factors, technologies equipped with artificial intelligence and knowledge management on the effectiveness of value co-creation was confirmed. And customer-based factors were able to mediate the relationship between AI-enabled technologies and value co-creation effectiveness. Finally, technologies equipped with artificial intelligence were able to mediate the relationship between customer-based factors and the effectiveness of value co-creation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

372 - The effect of endurance training and mesenchymal stem cells on ALP gene expression and osteopontin levels in rats with knee osteoarthritis
Marjan Haghjoo Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani Seyed Ali Hosseini Maghsoud Peeri

Background: Osteoarthritis (arthritis of the joints) is one of the most common metabolic disorders of bone tissue that reduces the process of absorption and reabsorption in bone. Exercise and stem cell injections can have beneficial effects in treating this disease. The More

Background: Osteoarthritis (arthritis of the joints) is one of the most common metabolic disorders of bone tissue that reduces the process of absorption and reabsorption in bone. Exercise and stem cell injections can have beneficial effects in treating this disease. The enzymes alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin, as markers of bone formation, play an important role in diagnosing the progression or treatment of this disease. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of training, stem cells and hyaluronic acid on osteocalcin, ALP and osteopontin in the cartilage tissue of rats with osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: In this study, 25 rats were divided in 5 groups including: (1) healthy control, (2) patient control, (3) endurance training (3 days a week for one month), (4) recipients of mesenchymal stem cells (1 × 106 cells / Kg), and (5) simultaneous recipients of endurance training and mesenchymal stem cells. Alkaline phosphatase gene expression was assessed by RT PCR and the amount of osteopontin synthesis was measured by immunohistochemistry procedure. Results: Training and mesenchymal stem cell injection had a significant effect on increasing alkaline phosphatase gene expression and osteopontin in patient rats compared to the patient control group (P <0.001). Also, simultaneous endurance training and stem cell injection have interactive effects on increasing both factors (P <0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it seems that endurance training and injection of mesenchymal stem cells in the joints, either separately or simultaneously, can increase the expression of alkaline phosphatase gene and the amount of osteopontin. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

373 - The Effects of Start-up Visas on the Future of the Innovation Ecosystem and Entrepreneurship of Countries
MohammadAmin Mowla Bahram Salavati

10.52547/jstpi.40808.19.73.35

During the last decades, the global competition to hunt talent has intensified. Therefore, three is a great competition among new and traditional receiving countries to attract entrepreneurs and skilled migrants who have the considerable ability to create jobs or econom More

During the last decades, the global competition to hunt talent has intensified. Therefore, three is a great competition among new and traditional receiving countries to attract entrepreneurs and skilled migrants who have the considerable ability to create jobs or economic benefits. In this regard, receiving countries through some specific programs like startup visas pave the road for innovative entrepreneurs and startup founders. This paper, reviews what startup visas are, how the countries apply them for attracting entrepreneurs and startups and finally considers the bilateral effects of startup visas on entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystem of countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

374 - Identifying the Effective Components the Design of a Contemporary Residential Apartment in Iran in Order to Respond to the Child's Need for Mobility (Case Study of Hormzan Residential Complexes in Tehran)
Ahmad اخلاصی mahdi aroom

Responding to the child's need for mobility and play is an important issue both from the perspective of improving mental and physical health and as a response to the needs of a resident of a residential apartment. But due to the limitations in the construction of reside More

Responding to the child's need for mobility and play is an important issue both from the perspective of improving mental and physical health and as a response to the needs of a resident of a residential apartment. But due to the limitations in the construction of residential complexes; In many houses, the open space (yard), which was previously the most suitable private space to meet this child's biological need (movement), was removed and finally a small semi-open space (terrace) was replaced. The purpose of this research is to identify the influential components in the design of the body of the residential apartment in improving the quality of the space in order to respond to the mobility of the child. This research was done based on quantitative method (with the help of researcher-made questionnaire tool). Data collection was done by providing a questionnaire to the residents of Hormzan residential complex in Tehran, and the obtained data were analyzed using Spss-26 software and using factor analysis, Friedman test, Pearson correlation test, and the results were extracted and presented. Based on the analysis of the research findings, the use of open space (elevated yard) or semi-open space (terrace), green space, flexibility in the furniture and body of the apartment, and the use of natural light are the most important components that should be used as criteria for designing the body of a residential apartment to meet the needs. The child should be considered for mobility. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

375 - The application of the concept of peace in the contemporary houses of Kerman )Understanding the different aspects of the formation of peace in two apartment and independent models with a yard(
Motahareh Eslami Mahmoodabadi Yaghoob Peyvastehgar Aliakbar Heidari

Housing, as a space for settling and living، has always been one of the first spaces that humans have dealt with since the beginning of history، and the characteristics of this building، especially its interior، are due to the direct connection with humans during long h More

Housing, as a space for settling and living، has always been one of the first spaces that humans have dealt with since the beginning of history، and the characteristics of this building، especially its interior، are due to the direct connection with humans during long hours of the day. It has been of great importance. Peace is one of the spiritual and psychological needs of every person. Nowadays، humans usually spend most of our time at home، and therefore we Searching to find peace at home and rest our body and soul in this place. Considering this issue، architecture can help a lot in creating peace by inducing a sense of peace and tranquility in the interior of the house. The purpose of the current research is to examine the opinions of researchers and theorists of architecture and environmental psychology، to extract the factors that create peace from the perspective of the residents and to match them with the current spatial behavior patterns of the residents. Home. Based on this، in this research، how can peace be manifested in two common house models. Contemporary buildings including apartment houses and detached houses with courtyards will be examined. This research has been conducted with a mixed qualitative method along with quantitative analysis through a two-sample t-test، and the research process is such that in the first stage، through interviews with the residents of the houses، semantic systems derived from the spatial characteristics of each pattern extracted. In the common type of housing in Kerman (detached houses with courtyards and apartments) it was compared and the degree of peacefulness in the houses was extracted. This article finally came to the conclusion that the super meaning of peace is manifested in the model of independent houses with courtyards more than in the apartment model، which is also affected by the variety of spatial characteristics and environmental capabilities that are in this model. The house is more like an apartment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

376 - Septic arthritis in cattle and calf
Seyed Mousa Mousavi Samaneh Ghasemi

Septic arthritis is an important cause of lameness in cattle and calves and delay in treatment, can lead to early culling, a decrease in production, and economic losses in herd. Although responsible for septic arthritis but can also be caused by other microorganisms. Th More

Septic arthritis is an important cause of lameness in cattle and calves and delay in treatment, can lead to early culling, a decrease in production, and economic losses in herd. Although responsible for septic arthritis but can also be caused by other microorganisms. This condition occurs when joint space affects by invasion of various microorganisms. Failure of transfer of passive immunity, penetrating wounds, septicemia, and therapeutic or diagnostic interventions are the causes of septic arthritis. Lameness, joint effusion, pain, and fever are the most important of clinical signs of septic arthritis. One or more joints may be affected. Complete physical examination, synovial fluid and blood analysis, and imaging studies techniques are used as diagnostic tools for septic arthritis. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of septic arthritis are necessary to improve prognosis. Treatment strategy of septic arthritis includes antimicrobial therapy, anti-inflammatories, and joint lavage. Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of septic arthritis are described in this article. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

377 - Criticism and examination of the rational evidences of the theory of metamorphosis and reincarnation (focusing on two books "Philosophical Psychology" and "Reincarnation from the Perspective of Reason and Revelation")
Mohammad Mahdi Gorjian Ahmad Fakur Efshaghar

Reincarnation is one of the most important issues theogy and soul science; Throughout history, human thought has occupied itself and many fans in different societies and events, in a wide geographical and historical area and has been discussed in various sciences such a More

Reincarnation is one of the most important issues theogy and soul science; Throughout history, human thought has occupied itself and many fans in different societies and events, in a wide geographical and historical area and has been discussed in various sciences such as philosophy, theology, interpretation, differences and religions; On the other hand, tying the fate of some religious teachings such as resurrection, physical resurrection, resurrection of the dead, the underworld, return, etc. with the issue of reincarnation has increased the sensitivity of the issue. Almost all the main arguments for the transformation of reincarnation have been reviewed in the two books "Philosophical theogy and soul science " and "Reincarnation from the point of view of reason and narration", and the author of the book presents almost all the arguments of those who believe in the transformation of reincarnation In this article, which is a descriptive-analytical-critical method, the points of view of these two works on some of the most important rational reasons of the theory of reincarnation transformation have been reviewed and examined. Has been accepted. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

378 - The Relation between Rural Woman 's Trust in MENARID Projects and their Participation in Future Empowerment Projects: Experience of Kermashah Province
Susan Noorbakhsh

Previous experience in development project and trust their building has always played a major role in local people's participation in future rural development projects. Nevertheless, planners and policy makers often neglect such experiences and implement development pro More

Previous experience in development project and trust their building has always played a major role in local people's participation in future rural development projects. Nevertheless, planners and policy makers often neglect such experiences and implement development programs in areas with negative experience. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis of a significant relationship between rural woman's trust in MENARID projects and their participation in future empowerment projects in Kermanshah Provinc. For this purpose, a descriptive cross-sectional descriptive survey method was used and information was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The study population was women involved in the Menarid Project (N = 270), 160 of whom were studied using simple random sampling. In this study, simple linear regression coefficient using SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data. According to the findings, the Menarid project has been able to build moderate to high trust in rural women. The results of Pearson correlation between the two variables of trust and participation indicate that the two variables have a positive and significant correlation and 54% of the changes in the dependent variable of participation in future empowerment projects are explained by trust in previous projects. Finally, suggestions were made to planners and officials. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

379 - E-Government Service Supply Chain: Identifying Performance Evaluation Indicators (Case Study of e-Customs System in Iran)
jalal zare Rosa Hendijani

Today, many governments around the world are increasingly leveraging advances in information and communication technologies to provide electronic services to their citizens. But estimates indicate that e-government projects will fail miserably, both in part and in whole More

Today, many governments around the world are increasingly leveraging advances in information and communication technologies to provide electronic services to their citizens. But estimates indicate that e-government projects will fail miserably, both in part and in whole. Incomplete formation and poor supply chain performance are the most important reasons for the failure of these projects by researchers. Due to the fact that few studies have been conducted in the field of e-government service supply chain and its performance evaluation indicators, this study has studied the e-government service supply chain in Iran by studying the e-customs system. Also, using SMART criteria and ELECTRE I technique, it has identified the performance evaluation indicators of this chain. This study shows that just as the principles of e-supply chain in the manufacturing sector have been proposed by researchers, this concept can be generalized to the public service sector. The results also show that unlike previous studies on performance appraisal indicators, e-government service supply chain indicators have significant differences with traditional service supply chains. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

380 - Determination of formation temperature, oxygen fugacity and Ce4+/Ce3+ ratio with using zircon chemistry in the pegmatitic dikes of Malayer-Boroujerd-Shazand, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone
Majid Ghasemi siani

The Granitoid plutons in the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone host numerous pegmatitic dikes. This study is focused on mineral chemistry of zircons in the pegmatite dikes in the Malayer, Boroujerd and Shazand district to evaluate zircon crystallization temperature, oxygen fugacity More

The Granitoid plutons in the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone host numerous pegmatitic dikes. This study is focused on mineral chemistry of zircons in the pegmatite dikes in the Malayer, Boroujerd and Shazand district to evaluate zircon crystallization temperature, oxygen fugacity and Ce4+/Ce3+ ratio and also zircon/rock partition coefficients of REEs and U, Th, Ta, Nb and Y. Trace element discrimination digrams such as Th versus Y and Yb/Sm versus Y and Nb, indicated studied zircons were located in the syenite pegmatite field. Zircon/rock partition coefficients indicate that zircon granis are enriched in the HREE than LREE. Zircon chemistry show that zircon in the Shazand and Malayer pegmatite dikes have more Hf and less REE distribution than zircons in the Boroujerd pegmatite dikes. Consequently, it indicates the role of latter hydrothermal process in the formation of Boroujerd zircons. Crystallization temperature, oxygen fugacity and Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios decrease from Malayer to Shazand and finally Boroujerd pegmatite dikes. Reduced condition of magmatism, Th/U contents below 1 and Y/Ho content higher than 20 indicate that these pegmatities are barren. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

381 - Evaluation of science and technology parks of selected countries with partner selection approach
mohammadreza rostamkhani Parastoo Mohammadi

Which of the existing science and technology parks in the world are the most suitable options for creating international interaction? This article tries to find the answer to this question for one of the university parks in Iran using the partner selection approach. In More

Which of the existing science and technology parks in the world are the most suitable options for creating international interaction? This article tries to find the answer to this question for one of the university parks in Iran using the partner selection approach. In order to limit the scope of the evaluation of the existing parks in the world, first, 20 countries that have made up 90% of Iran's foreign trade volume in the past 5 years have been identified, then based on the needs assessment of the firms located in the studied science and technology park that have the capacity and the willingness of international cooperation, the countries under review were ranked from six aspects like as: economic, political, cultural, security, technological and geographical criteria and in 13 sub-criteria using the combined method of The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and TOPSIS . Seven countries with a significant score among 20 countries were selected as samples to evaluate their science and technology parks. 19 well-known parks in these 7 countries were scored and ranked using 12 criteria, from the perspective of people involved in park affairs, and with the combined method of AHP and TOPSIS. As a result of this ranking, the following parks were identified as a higher priority for cooperation: Dubai Silicon Oasis Park, Tsinghua University Science Park in China, Teknopark İstanbul, Sharjah Research, Technology and Innovation Park, Dubai Science Park, Knowledge Oasis Muscat (Madaen). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

382 - Meta-synthesis of the antecedents and consequences of digital marketing
nafise belaghatnya Mohammad ghaffari Hossein Shirazi hossein janatifar

The start-up businesses' effort to maintain and develop themselves has made it necessary to study the concept of marketing. On the one hand, with the advent of the technological era, which is full of contradictions, cooperation, and communications, the digital marketing More

The start-up businesses' effort to maintain and develop themselves has made it necessary to study the concept of marketing. On the one hand, with the advent of the technological era, which is full of contradictions, cooperation, and communications, the digital marketing approach is of a role in which the antecedents and their consequences on these businesses become necessary. In terms of orientation, the current research is fundamental. Based on Saunders' research onion model, our research gets into the interpretive paradigm layer. Our work is inductive rather than analogical, written with a qualitative approach. Library research helped collect the theoretical bases. The research strategy is a case study, and its ultimate goal is to explore the antecedents and consequences of digital marketing. A systematic review and content analysis availed collection and analyzing information. In terms of methodology, the meta-synthesis method has been used to achieve the final goal of the research. For the meta-synthesis of the antecedents and consequences of digital marketing, 422 pieces of research were selected, and the data were analyzed with the help of Nvivo12 software. With a general look at the results obtained from the antecedents and consequences of digital marketing, 12 organizing themes, which included 7 categories of antecedents and 5 categories of consequences, and 489 titles in the form of basic themes, have been determined and introduced. The antecedents included 381 factors affecting digital marketing, and the consequences included 128 factors influencing digital marketing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

383 - Husserl’s Philosophical-Historical Narration of the Origin of Psychologism and the Necessity of Transcendental Turn
Ali Fathi

In the Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology, Husserl has tried to disclose the origin of psychologism in the history of modern philosophy. Phenomenological psychology not only provides a basis for empirical psychology but can also function as an More

In the Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology, Husserl has tried to disclose the origin of psychologism in the history of modern philosophy. Phenomenological psychology not only provides a basis for empirical psychology but can also function as an introduction to transcendental phenomenology. In his philosophical narration of the historical development of the concept of psychologism, Husserl refers to John Locke and states that Barkley and Hume advocated Locke’s views. Locke’s psychological studies come at the service of transcendental concept, which had been formulated by Descartes in his Meditations on First Philosophy for the first time. In his view, metaphysics can show that the whole reality of the world and everything that exists is nothing more than our cognitive acts. It is at this point that it is necessary to pay attention to transcendental affairs. Descartes’ methodological skepticism was the first method used for posing the transcendental subject, and his description of cogito ergo (I think) provided the first conceptual formulation for it. John Locke replaced the pure transcendental mind of Descartes with the human mind. Nevertheless, he continued his study of the human mind through intrinsic experience because of an unconscious transcendental-philosophical concern. However, knowingly or unknowingly, he fell in the trap of psychologism. Following a historical and, in a way, completely philosophical approach, Husserl showed how the rays of attention to transcendental affairs emerged for the first time in Cartesian philosophy and, then, in the conflict between rationalism and empiricism. He also demonstrated how, after the growth of this attention in Kantian transcendental philosophy, it came to fruition in Husserl’s phenomenological philosophy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

384 - Investigating the effects of intelligent architecture in the interior design of the house on energy saving
Seyedeh Maryam Mojtabavi Behnaz Bananezhad Mashhadi

Today, with the advancement of technology, it is possible to update building components to increase the level of human-technology interaction, provide more comfort, achieve security, safety, comfort and better control in the residential space. Also, the energy shortage More

Today, with the advancement of technology, it is possible to update building components to increase the level of human-technology interaction, provide more comfort, achieve security, safety, comfort and better control in the residential space. Also, the energy shortage crisis around the world has become one of the most serious human problems, and smart architecture can reduce the consumption of fossil fuels, reduce electricity and gas consumption, reduce greenhouse gas production, and reduce harmful environmental effects, for this reason it is necessary to Intelligence should be used in interior architecture. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of using technology in the building and the impact of smart elements on the lives of residents, especially in optimizing energy consumption. The present research method is qualitative in nature and practical in terms of purpose. In the first step, by reviewing the theoretical foundations and research background in the field of intelligentization and energy optimization, information was collected through library-documentary studies, analyzed through content analysis, then the elements of intelligentization were extracted in the form of a conceptual model. In the second step, the effects of intelligentization on improving the quality of residents were investigated, and in the last step, the performance of indicators of intelligentization that reduce energy consumption was analyzed. The findings showed that one of the effects of technology on building construction is intelligentization, which through "smart materials and materials", "sensors", "security and safety control system and monitoring" and "service equipment" can improve economic, psychological and physical components. and the environment to improve the quality of life of the residents and it can be implemented by two methods, wired and wireless. One of the most important effects of intelligentization is the reduction of energy consumption from the environmental component, the performance of each of the elements is presented in a diagram. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

385 - Community Detection in Bipartite Networks Using HellRank Centrality Measure
Ali Khosrozadeh Ali Movaghar Mohammad Mehdi Gilanian Sadeghi Hamidreza Mahyar

Community structure is a common and important feature in many complex networks, including bipartite networks. In recent years, community detection has received attention in many fields and many methods have been proposed for this purpose, but the heavy consumption of ti More

Community structure is a common and important feature in many complex networks, including bipartite networks. In recent years, community detection has received attention in many fields and many methods have been proposed for this purpose, but the heavy consumption of time in some methods limits their use in large-scale networks. There are methods with lower time complexity, but they are mostly non-deterministic, which greatly reduces their applicability in the real world. The usual approach that is adopted to community detection in bipartite networks is to first construct a unipartite projection of the network and then communities detect in that projection using methods related to unipartite networks, but these projections inherently lose information. In this paper, based on the bipartite modularity measure that quantifies the strength of partitions in bipartite networks and using the HellRank centrality measure, a quick and deterministic method for community detection from bipartite networks directly and without need to projection, proposed. The proposed method is inspired by the voting process in election activities in the social society and simulates it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

386 - The fourth industrial revolution and its human dangers in quasi-modern authoritarian political systems
Seyyed MohammadReza Mottaghi hasan khosravi Bijan Abdolkarimi Bijan Abbasi

<!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedConte More

Feasibility of Adjusting Human Rights Risks Affected by the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Political Structures Based on Pseudo-Modern Authoritarianism   Seyyed Mohammad Reza Mottaghi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>   Hassan Khosravi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">**</a>    Bijan Abdolkarimi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3">***</a>   Bijan Abbasi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="" href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4">****</a>   <a name="_Hlk160321101"></a>The Fourth Industrial Revolution represents a transformative wave in the industry with the potential to impact various facets of human existence, promising widespread individual and societal prosperity. However, it also presents a significant risk, particularly for governments not firmly rooted in democratic principles, who may be tempted to assert control over their citizens due to the expanded capabilities afforded by this revolution. Such a scenario, if realized, threatens the emergence of new dictatorships and erodes the individuality of citizens. This article, employing an analytical-descriptive approach, seeks to explore the multifaceted human rights crises precipitated by these conditions. It endeavors to address the question: How can individual freedoms and human and citizenship rights be safeguarded against governmental encroachment in this era? Based on the results of this research, due to the expansion of capabilities arising from the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the potential for government abuse is increasing more than ever, inviting all political structures towards authoritarianism. Consequently, to prevent this situation and safeguard the rights and freedoms of citizens, the current governance models need to be re-evaluated, emphasizing on aspects of enhancing freedoms. These changes should aim to reduce the intrusion of governments into personal spheres as much as possible, moving towards absolute neutrality.   Keyword: The fourth industrial revolution, authoritarianism, cyber dictatorship, pseudo-modern government and artificial intelligence.   <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">* PhD of </a>Public law, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. mohammadreza.mottaghi@iranian.ac.ir </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">** </a>Corresponding Author: Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran. h.khosravi@rey.tpnu.ac.ir </div> <div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3">*** Associate Professor, Departme</a>nt of Philosophy, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. abdolkarimi12@gmail.com </div> <div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="" href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4">****</a> Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, University of Tehran, Iran. Bizhan_abbasy@yahoo.com </div> </div>   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

387 - A Model of Reverse Coaching in Start-up Businesses through Improving Human Resources Skill Gap
maryam javanmard Seyed Najmeddin mousavi Mohammad Hakkak Amir Houshang Nazaripour

In today's era, human resources are an integral part of various organizations, businesses and industries on their way toward their goals. With the advent of growing start-up and online businesses, competition in this field have increased and there is a need for such bus More

In today's era, human resources are an integral part of various organizations, businesses and industries on their way toward their goals. With the advent of growing start-up and online businesses, competition in this field have increased and there is a need for such businesses to adapt, harmonize and synchronize employees with the latest level of skills, innovations and technologies available internationally. This seeks to fill in the employees’ skill gap. And reverse coaching is one of the potential tools provided to speed up and facilitate it. In the same line, this article aims to present a model of reverse coaching in start-up businesses with the approach of improving the skill gap of human resources. In terms of the research approach, the qualitative method, especially the foundational data theory method, was used. First, the researcher prepared an interview protocol based on the dimensions and components obtained from the theoretical foundations and background of the research, and then through the data theory method of the foundation, 15 managers, entrepreneurs and owners of start-up businesses were interviewed. These 15 individuals were selected purposefully until reaching theoretical saturation. The results of the research showed that the causal variables fall into two main categories, including managerial and organizational arrangements. Background variables include two categories of information and communication infrastructure development and strategic analysis of the business space. The key variables include the categories of coaching, improving the skill gap; intervening variables include the category of positive stimuli, controlling stimuli and negative stimuli; strategic variables include individual creativity, extending justice and negation of discrimination, participation-oriented in the organization and organizational knowledge management, and outcome variables include arming creative employees, being equipped with efficient and safe systems, and becoming a learning organization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

388 - Designing a Model of Women's Social Participation with an Interpretive Structural Approach
رضاعلی محسنی Gholamreza Khoshfar مرجان نوری

Marjan Nory Rezaali Mohseni Gholamreza Khoshfar Abstract Participation is a right that must be provided for all and is one of the important foundations of social relations, and women, as half of the population, can play an important role in the development of More

Marjan Nory Rezaali Mohseni Gholamreza Khoshfar Abstract Participation is a right that must be provided for all and is one of the important foundations of social relations, and women, as half of the population, can play an important role in the development of societies through social participation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design a model of women's social participation with an interpretive structural approach. The present research is applied and based on the method, descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included 10 university experts in Golestan province in the field of sociology. In the first step, interviews with experts were used to identify the components of social participation, and in the second step, interpretive structural modeling with Excel software was used to design the model. The results showed that the model of social participation has two levels, which are components (social cohesion, social status, hope for the future, social status, social security, populism, social awareness, self-confidence, lifestyle, social class, use of mass media, Job status, democratic family structure, income level, education and marriage) were in the first level and the component (age) was in the second level and all components were in the link cluster. Finally, it can be said that the basis of women's social participation in Golestan province is the age component. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

389 - Explanation of the smart city model with an emphasis on urban governance
behnam mahmoudian

Cities inherently face complex and wide-ranging challenges that can only be solved through a systematic approach. Not only has the balance of cities collapsed, but it has also made it impossible to achieve sustainability with the current methods of urban management and More

Cities inherently face complex and wide-ranging challenges that can only be solved through a systematic approach. Not only has the balance of cities collapsed, but it has also made it impossible to achieve sustainability with the current methods of urban management and development. As a result, urban planners around the world are trying to develop models for the development of 21st century cities with an integrated view of all dimensions of urbanization. Responding to the new demands and expectations of today's world, one of the new concepts to deal with the current challenges of cities in the field of urban planning is the development of a smart city, which has attracted a lot of attention in recent years, the smart city as the axis of transformation. And the development of the millennium has been proposed and means the opening of new concepts in urban planning that combines the capabilities of the real and virtual worlds to solve urban problems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

390 - the cartilage and cartilage healing in dogs and cats
iman farhangnia

Cartilage is a strong, flexible connective tissue that protects joints and bones. It acts as a shock absorber throughout body. Cartilage is divided into different types based on the type of fibers in the underlying tissue as well as the percentage of their composition, More

Cartilage is a strong, flexible connective tissue that protects joints and bones. It acts as a shock absorber throughout body. Cartilage is divided into different types based on the type of fibers in the underlying tissue as well as the percentage of their composition, each has different functional characteristics. Hyaline cartilage is the most common and abundant type of cartilage rich in type ΙΙ of collagen fibers and proteoglycan. Elastic cartilage has more flexibility and in the matrix of this cartilage, in addition to the type ΙΙ of collagen fibers, a large amount of elastic fibers is also present. In fact, the presence of these elastic fibers is a factor in the ability of this type of cartilage to change shape and return to its original state. The fibrocartilage is the strongest type of cartilage. The characteristic feature of this type of cartilage is high weight bearing. Fibrocartilage contains collagen fibers scattered between layers of the matrix. The restorative strength of cartilage tissue is very limited and the repair of this tissue after injury is always accompanied by challenges and problems. Articular cartilage damage is considered as one of the most important challenges of orthopedic surgeons. Today, different methods are used to treat the articular cartilage defect, however, in none of the methods complete restoration and restoration of tissue integrity of articular cartilage is achieved. Surgical procedures are divided into two categories, reparative and restorative surgery. The purpose of this article is to review the structure of cartilage and the methods of articular cartilage healing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

391 - Application of Bio-nanocomposites in Food Packaging
Fatemeh Savojbolaghi Mahshid Maroufkhani

The need for food packaging to maintain quality and shelf life is increasing day by day. Nanostructured materials are preferred over microstructures due to their unique physical and chemical properties and improved performance. Advanced packaging based on nanotechnology More

The need for food packaging to maintain quality and shelf life is increasing day by day. Nanostructured materials are preferred over microstructures due to their unique physical and chemical properties and improved performance. Advanced packaging based on nanotechnology has made it possible to preserve and transport food safely without changing the taste and quality. In addition, it prevents contamination and preserves the mechanical, physiological, physical and chemical properties of food. Various nanomaterials have been used in food packaging to prepare improved, active, smart and bio-based packaging. Smart packaging ensures food safety by detecting contamination, gases, humidity, temperature and other food parameters using sensors. With the increasing demand for the production of new, environmentally friendly and high-performance packaging, "bio-nanocomposites" have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Bio-nanocomposites are bio-based polymers that consist of two main components, one acting as a matrix called biopolymer (continuous phase) and the second as a reinforcing agent (dispersed phase) with dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nm. . Bio-based packaging is a new and new generation packaging that replaces natural polymers with synthetic plastics. In this article, recent research in the field of bio-nanocomposites has been reviewed based on the application for different needs and the possible risk of nanoparticle migration. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

392 - Combining Architecture and Art Inspired by Nature Case Study: Islamic Era Architecture of Kurdistan Province
Amineh Rashidi Gholamreza Tousian Shandiz

Despite the numerous efforts in recent decades to improve the architectural design process, however, not any rich solution are developed for applying art in architecture inspired by nature. Therefore, it is necessary to respond to how to extract design solutions in the More

Despite the numerous efforts in recent decades to improve the architectural design process, however, not any rich solution are developed for applying art in architecture inspired by nature. Therefore, it is necessary to respond to how to extract design solutions in the face of nature and inspiration from nature and to get clues to stimulate the imagination of designers by analyzing, comparing, and reviewing the existing examples and works of great contemporary architects. This paper aims to extract and categorize the influential components of art inspired by nature with an emphasis on Islamic architecture. Additionally, the foundations and principles that may be understood in a general and striking way in the spaces of Islamic architecture inspired by nature are explained in the form of different topics to achieve a better understanding of the architecture. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to provide the mental associations of artists in the design process, based on modeling from nature to improve the thinking of Islamic architecture. However, the paper employ an applied descriptive-analytical methodology. The data was collected by the library method, and the analysis was conducted by the field studies. In this research, components, and solutions for better exercise of art and nature are proposed to stimulate imagination and use by designers. Furthermore, the results show that nature, holds a significant effect on Islamic architecture and is effective in various strategies leading to architectural creativity. Nature's art is ever-present and unclassifiable as influential means for inspiration, which is significant in the landmark buildings and examples presented. Moreover Islamic architecture, rather than seeking a specific form, serves the Muslim to achieve perfection with the aid of nature and pursues the ultimate purpose of human creation, which is indeed the worship of God. Therefore, the formalistic and apparent perceptions of nature alone shall not be enough, and the presence of the spirit of nature in architecture lead to its improvement and manifestation. However, the climatic, cultural, social, and political issues of each region may strongly influence architecture and its functions, therefore, the particular Islamic culture also creates its forms and functions; this is the point that makes Islamic architecture distinguish from other buildings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

393 - The extent of the effects of Covid-19 on the global patterns of digital transformation
seyed omid azarkasb Seyed Hossein Khasteh

Although the corona crisis is a health phenomenon and a disease, over time it has become a super phenomenon that has involved other parts of society. In the current situation, all countries are dealing with this crisis in different ways and trying to control this crisis More

Although the corona crisis is a health phenomenon and a disease, over time it has become a super phenomenon that has involved other parts of society. In the current situation, all countries are dealing with this crisis in different ways and trying to control this crisis with less damage. As a result, community management has been placed in a strategic situation and a great managerial experiment. With the covid-19 pandemic, there have been global changes in the profitability of startups. The stock market crashed and there was recession and unemployment all over the world. In general, startups in digital markets performed better than traditional industries. Some time later, the digital economy began to adapt according to its original nature, business models changed and digital methods became more powerful than what was predicted, and technological solutions to overcome the challenges of Covid-19 were gradually applied in all industries. Hence, regardless of the current situation, measures related to Covid-19 have the potential to change the market again. The digital world's global response to Covid-19 is now taking place in the three areas of detection, diagnosis and prevention, and treatment, and digital companies' performance in risk and data analytics, health and wellness, crisis management, and education, in response to The Covid-19 pandemic has become more severe. Therefore, for the future, experts are both waiting for risk and looking for opportunities Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

394 - An online scoring system using distributed ledger technology based on smart contracts
سیده الهام موسوی خو

The online rating system on most websites provides users with a rating for products and services. The lack of trust in the correctness and non-manipulation of data has caused users' satisfaction to not be provided as it should be. Considering that the existing online sc More

The online rating system on most websites provides users with a rating for products and services. The lack of trust in the correctness and non-manipulation of data has caused users' satisfaction to not be provided as it should be. Considering that the existing online scoring system deals with a central server, all score data is stored in a central server; Therefore, all score data can be deleted, changed and manipulated by the system administrator to change the score results in favor of the service or product provider. In this research, the online scoring system using distributed ledger technologies has been introduced as a proposed system to solve all the weaknesses in the current systems. Distributed ledger technologies are a type of technology that works in a decentralized manner and there is no focus from any entity on this technology. There are different types of distributed ledger technologies. Among distributed ledger technologies, block chain technology is chosen for the proposed scoring system due to its smart contract support. In the proposed online scoring system, the performance criteria of a node are unknown and therefore cannot be used directly to optimize the segmentation results. To solve the performance problem caused by the difference of nodes in the blockchain without knowing the different characteristics of the nodes, we propose a new segmentation method called NoRS. This proposed method consists of four phases: NoRS schematic, scoring mechanism, segmentation strategy, transaction confirmation, creation and release of new block. Therefore, by reviewing the transaction process reports, we evaluate the nodes and assign them to different committees based on the score corresponding to each node; With this process, the ratio of different nodes within the committee is balanced to improve the blockchain transaction efficiency. The advantages of the proposed scoring system compared to the existing systems are that the proposed system works in a decentralized manner and the information cannot be manipulated. Also, the privacy of the scorers is preserved and the transparency of the data is guaranteed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

395 - Achievements and Challenges of Women Empowerment in knowledge-based Companies
Leila Falahati

The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the achievements and challenges of women's empowerment in knowledge-based companies. In this research, the opportunities and challenges of graduates women in knowledge-based companies were discussed based More

The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the achievements and challenges of women's empowerment in knowledge-based companies. In this research, the opportunities and challenges of graduates women in knowledge-based companies were discussed based on the analysis of twenty interviews with women’s board members or directors in this field. Concerning to obtain relative superiority in order to design questions and categorize the content of documents and interviews, empirical literature related to the research was reviewed. Result revealed that three major factors have motivated them to start their own business including: the desire to balance work and life, the desire to earn more money, and the desire to develop business skills. In the field of agency and factors affecting women's entrepreneurship in the knowledge-based environment, entrepreneurial characteristics and behaviors such as results achievement, risk-taking, and self-confidence have been measured. From organizational and environmental aspects, organizational capacities including trust, access to resources and information, networking skills, ability to generate resources, financial knowledge, technology skills and having role models were influential. In terms of challenges, there are Individual factors (lack of courage, high emotions, low level of specialized and technical knowledge related to work and slowness of women), Socio-cultural factors (discrimination, common gender stereotypes, religious norms and beliefs and lack of knowledge and proper socialization) and Economic factors (discrimination in hiring and payment of wages, negative attitude of customers and financial institutions and prejudices) were addressed as obstacles to the effective participation of women in knowledge-based companies Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

396 - Development and application of graphene silk solar panel concept in smart bus station design
Kianoosh Hosseinian Seyed Majid Keshavarz

With the continuous growth of the population, with the expansion of the urban area. Human activities and behaviors waste limited resources, a large number of these personal vehicles occupy our roads, also causing various environmental problems. With the increasing aware More

With the continuous growth of the population, with the expansion of the urban area. Human activities and behaviors waste limited resources, a large number of these personal vehicles occupy our roads, also causing various environmental problems. With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, green travel has gradually become a way of travel for people living in big cities. Convenience and environmental protection are the main advantages of public transport, but unfortunately, the performance, service and environment of many bus stations are not comfortable and friendly. Therefore, the smart bus station was born, it can not only provide real-time bus information, but also provide a safe and comfortable waiting space. However, with the improvement of service functions, the problem of energy consumption has become increasingly prominent. Energy supply through solar panels can naturally be a sustainable energy source for smart bus stations, but many studies have shown that solar panels themselves are not environmentally friendly, regardless of their materials and recyclability. The author's research revealed that relevant studies have confirmed that spraying an aqueous solution containing carbon nanotubes or graphene on mulberry leaves to feed silkworms doubles the strength of silk spit and the conductivity of carbonized silk is 10 times higher. In addition, robotic fiber spinning technology allows silkworms to independently complete the production of silk objects without killing the silkworms. Through research on graphene silk materials and robotic fiber spinning technology, this paper proposes a biologically independent solution for the production of graphene silk thin film solar panels to seek to solve the problem of solar panel pollution in the smart station. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

397 - Using games in teaching geography and planning
hamidreza moslemidoust

Using games in teaching geography and planning Abstract This article examines the use of games in geography education, including before the advent of computer-based (digital) games. The growing popularity of "serious games" and "edutainment" has been noted, focusing More

Using games in teaching geography and planning Abstract This article examines the use of games in geography education, including before the advent of computer-based (digital) games. The growing popularity of "serious games" and "edutainment" has been noted, focusing on their perceived benefits in classroom-based education. A blurring between digital games for educational purposes and games primarily for entertainment has been discussed, reflecting the popularity of SimCity and the potential of these games for learning about urban planning. This analysis champions games that enable students to play different roles and produce realistic "real-life" results. Two examples of non-digital board games, Collaborative and Geopoly, illustrate how role-playing expands students' understanding of planning and human geographyFor the future, geography teachers can use the sophistication and sophistication of digital games in a range of purposefully designed teaching tools, from educational entertainment as well as more 'traditional' board games. Imaginative use of all different formats can help to increase students' interest in geography to maintain or increase the capacity of students from schools to the university sector. The smorgasbord of game options continues to grow, but as Participology and Geogopoly demonstrate, some of the most effective ways to develop role play and engage with real-world problems don't require a technological "fix.". Keywords: serious games, geographical teaching, simulation, role playing, participatory studies Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

398 - The synergy effect of nanoparticles of magnesium oxide and antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Elham Siasi Mehrabian Sedigheh َAli Rafiei

Aim and Background: Prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria,to be necessary simultaneous use of metal nanoparticles and antibiotics for synergistic antimicrobial effects. In this study was studied the synergy antimicrobial effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles spec More

Aim and Background: Prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria,to be necessary simultaneous use of metal nanoparticles and antibiotics for synergistic antimicrobial effects. In this study was studied the synergy antimicrobial effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles specific concentrations with antibiotics on the standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Materials and Methods: After preparation of nano particles and bacteria was used antibiogram by disk diffusion. The antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles were studied by using MIC (Minimum Inhibition concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal concentration), blank discs and liquid medium. Synergistic effects for bacteria were detected by combining of specific concentration of nanoparticles with antibiotic disks and solution of antibiotics (well-method). Results: The results of the MIC and MBC and liquid medium were confirmed antimicrobial properties of these nanoparticles. E. coli other than the bacteria was more sensitive to lower concentrations of the nanoparticles. Synergistic effect was showed between different concentrations of nanoparticles with methicillin disk in E. coli but, synergistic effect can be observed for three bacteria in the well-method. Conclusion: The results showed synergy effect was observed in all of the bacteria at low concentrations with antibiotics, so this property can be used to reduce the dosage and number of consuming antibiotics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

399 - The effect of Internet of Things (IOT) implementation on the Rail Freight Industry; A futures study approach
Noureddin Taraz Monfared علی شایان ali rajabzadeh ghotri

The rail freight industry in Iran has been faced several challenges which affected its performance. Notwithstanding that Internet of Things leverage is rapidly increasing in railway industries-as an experienced solution in other countries-, Iran’s rail freight industry More

The rail freight industry in Iran has been faced several challenges which affected its performance. Notwithstanding that Internet of Things leverage is rapidly increasing in railway industries-as an experienced solution in other countries-, Iran’s rail freight industry has not been involved in, yet. Related research and experiment has not been identified in Iran, as well. The aim of this survey is to identify the effects of the implementation of Internet of Things in the Rail Freight Industry in Iran. To gather the data, the Delphi method was selected, and the Snowball technique was used for organizing a Panel including twenty experts. To evaluate the outcomes, IQR, Binomial tests, and Mean were calculated. Several statements were identified and there was broad consensus on most of them, which approved that their implementation affects the Iranian rail freight industry, but in different ranks. Finally, the results formed in the Balanced Scorecard’s format. The internal business process has been affected more than the other aspects by the approved statements. Eleven recognized elements are affected in different ranks, including Internal Business Process, Financial, Learning, and Growth, Customers. The Financial perspective remarked as least consensus and the Internal Business Process has received the extreme consensus. The research outcomes can be used to improve the strategic planning of the Iranian rail freight industry by applying the achievements of information technology in practice. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

400 - Indigenous model of commercialization of complex technologies based on partnership in the ICT sector
Mahdi Fardinia Fatemeh saghafi Jalal Haghighat Monfared

The ICT industry is one of the most complex industries with superior technologies. Sustainable growth of companies in this industry is ensured by successful commercialization, which due to the complexity of the field, knowledge sharing between companies is essential. A More

The ICT industry is one of the most complex industries with superior technologies. Sustainable growth of companies in this industry is ensured by successful commercialization, which due to the complexity of the field, knowledge sharing between companies is essential. A careful review of the literature showed that there is no model for how to succeed in commercialization and its relationship with interorganizational participation in the ICT sector. Therefore, this issue was determined as the goal of the research. By reviewing the research background; Factors affecting the success of participation-based commercialization including internal and external drivers, participation, esources, dynamic capabilities, executive mechanisms and extraction performance were drawn in the form of a conceptual model. Then, by studying multy-case study, technological projects of ICT Research Institute, including (Antivirus Padvish, Native search engine project, SOC native operations center, communication equipment POTN) and content analysis, main and secondary themes of the model were extracted. Then, using a focus group consisting of experts, the results were validated and themes (propositions) were confirmed. The relationship between the components was also confirmed in the panel of experts. The final model is a combination of these factors that, according to the indigenous experiences of Iran, has led to the success of commercialization and can be the basis for policy-making for successful knowledge-based products. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

401 - Meta-analysis of studies conducted in the field of smart city indicators in Iran
Mohammad javad samani nezhad neda khodakaramiangilan

Mohammad Javad Samaninezhad Neda Khodakarmian Gilan Abstract The process of urbanization in the world and the problems arising from it bring great challenges to cities, and the concept of a smart city has been created as a solution to the problems of cities. More

Mohammad Javad Samaninezhad Neda Khodakarmian Gilan Abstract The process of urbanization in the world and the problems arising from it bring great challenges to cities, and the concept of a smart city has been created as a solution to the problems of cities. Smart cities are defined as cities that pay attention to human capital, social and communication infrastructure, will improve the economy and quality of life, wise management of natural resources and cooperative governance. Now, it should be noted that smart building should be on the agenda in cities and the construction of a new city should be combined with new ideas. Therefore, prioritizing criteria and indicators is of particular importance. The aim of the current research is to investigate the indicators affecting the smart city in Iran. The present study is a descriptive-analytical research in which the meta-analysis method was used. The statistical population of the research includes all the researches conducted in the field of smart city indicators that were published in Normagz, Jihad University, Humanities, Mogiran and Irandak databases from 1396 to 1400. In this research, the amount of cooperation and participation of researchers, statistical community, sampling method and time pattern of publication of articles and variables used and their effect size in smart city studies in Iran have been investigated. The results showed that the level of cooperation and teamwork of researchers in research is acceptable and most of the research was done in the period of 1399 to 1400. Also, most of these researches were in the field of specific fields. Finally, the results of the effect size showed that the smart economy has the largest effect size in the smart city, and smart people are the second most important variable in the smart city, on the other hand, smart government and smart environment are the next variables. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

402 - Covert Communication Using Jointly Spread Spectrum and Artificial Noise
Morteza Shafiee Neyestanak Iman Kazemi

Covert Communication technique is developed for LPD communication in military and civil applications. Artificial Noise (AN) is the method to confuse eavesdropper and assure data transmission. But, generating AN in wide range of frequencies and times is very challenging. More

Covert Communication technique is developed for LPD communication in military and civil applications. Artificial Noise (AN) is the method to confuse eavesdropper and assure data transmission. But, generating AN in wide range of frequencies and times is very challenging. Furthermore, it reveals the transmitter or challenges it for synchronization to confuse eavesdropper about environmental noise. This paper proposes a method based on Spread Spectrum as well as self-jamming as AN to solve the problems. By spreading the spectrum, we can generate AN in wide range of frequencies and times, at low power and cost-effective manner. Consequently, there is no need to synchronization. Simulation and numerical results indicate, partial band jammer, effectively confuse the eavesdropper by 1.8 dB margin at JSR = -5 dB. In the situations, transmitter and receiver may communicate at BER = 10^-3 for Eb/N > 8.3 dB. The paper simulates the proposed method for various types of jamming and reports the results where, multitone jamming is rejected for this application as artificial noise. Single-tone jammer also can confuse the eavesdropper by 2.6 dB margin at JSR = -5 dB and TRX communications quality equal to BER = 10-3 for Eb/N > 10.9 dB Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

403 - Polymer inclusion membranes for the extraction of rare earth elements
Zahra Daneshfar

The demand for rare earth elements has increased significantly due to potential industrial applications such as catalysts, magnets, battery alloys, ceramics. However, the separation and recovery of rare earth metals are very difficult due to their similar chemical prope More

The demand for rare earth elements has increased significantly due to potential industrial applications such as catalysts, magnets, battery alloys, ceramics. However, the separation and recovery of rare earth metals are very difficult due to their similar chemical properties and ionic radius, so progress in the separation process of these elements will bring many global benefits. Among the improved methods, the membrane technique has received much attention as a stable method with easy operation in the separation of such metals, and several membranes have been designed for separation. This article provides a summary of the types of membranes in the separation of rare earth elements in terms of extraction performance, transfer efficiency, and membrane stability. Polymer inclusion membranes are a new generation of non-liquid membrane that is made by a simple method of casting a solution containing liquid phases (carrier, plasticizer /modifier) and base polymers. Polymer inclusion membranes due to the possibility of simultaneous extraction and back-extraction, high selectivity, excellent stability, reusability, simple applicability, relatively low cost, and low energy consumption, it provides a great advantage in both the separation and purification of metal ions. Therefore, in this study, an overview of the PIMs reported in the studies to date is presented and the performance, permeability and stability of the membrane are discussed according to the base polymer, carrier, plasticizer and modifiers used. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

404 - Artefacts and Producers Mapping of Iran's Artificial Intelligence Ecosystem based on Transformational Levels
hamed ojaghi Iman Zohoorian Nadali Fatemeh Soleymani Roozbahani

As an emerging technological field, artificial intelligence has received increasing attention from companies and governments. The development of artificial intelligence both at business and country levels depends on knowing the current situation. This paper identifies t More

As an emerging technological field, artificial intelligence has received increasing attention from companies and governments. The development of artificial intelligence both at business and country levels depends on knowing the current situation. This paper identifies the artifacts and producers presented in this field and maps them to transformational levels. Products/services and producers are achieved through capabilities provided by artificial intelligence. Then, based on the classification methodology and meta-characteristics, the transformational levels of the artifacts of Iran's artificial intelligence ecosystem have been extracted. 562 products/services were identified, which were offered by 112 companies. Machine vision and natural language processing have been at the top of the technologies used, with 44 and 27 percent of the products allocated to them, respectively. Artifacts and producers were classified into seven transformative levels: individual, organization, industry, electronic chip/hardware, society, platform, code/algorithm/library, and infrastructure. Iran's artificial intelligence productions have not grown in a balanced way. The three levels of platform, code/algorithm/library, and infrastructure as the main generator of other artificial intelligence products/services have had the lowest amount of production. It is suggested that a specialized marketplace for the supply of artificial intelligence application programming interfaces should be put on the agenda to stimulate the formation of the ecosystem. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

405 - Analysis of the Role of Aesthetic Experience in Children's Education
Fatemeh Benvidi

According to the views of education experts, aesthetic experience and understanding of art is a vital part of a flourishing life. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the role of aesthetic experience in children's education. To achieve this goal, the firs More

According to the views of education experts, aesthetic experience and understanding of art is a vital part of a flourishing life. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the role of aesthetic experience in children's education. To achieve this goal, the first step is to defend the necessity of aesthetic education for children based on the analysis of existing philosophical justifications. For this purpose, the descriptive-analytical research method has been used. Several philosophical justifications have been proposed for the necessity of aesthetic education, whose critical evaluation shows that the only answer is based on aesthetic experience, which makes it possible to defend art based on its distinctive value. Therefore, aesthetic education for children can be taken as justifiable and necessary independent of art's contribution to expression and its role in moral promotion. This is because the aesthetic experience and understanding of art is a vital component in flourishing life, and being exposed to the aesthetic experience opens up ways for human growth that no other type of experience can do. The findings of this research indicate that even if art education does not lead to innovation and improved skills that can be measured with quantitative methods, it should have an important place in schools and curricula. A curriculum without aesthetic training and proper appreciation for the arts ignores our goal of raising flourishing human beings worthy of meaningful aesthetic experiences. Also, aesthetic education should not be limited to people and subject-matters, but should cover the entire curriculum. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

406 - The Place of Sacred Art in Modern Education
hamid armani

In an era in which the face of the one-dimensional world is depicted, materialistic attitudes have been cultivated and have led to the desanctification of the world, also the religion that teaches the correct way of living has now taken on an unattractive appearance in More

In an era in which the face of the one-dimensional world is depicted, materialistic attitudes have been cultivated and have led to the desanctification of the world, also the religion that teaches the correct way of living has now taken on an unattractive appearance in the conditions of modernity, traditionalism seeks to show the true face of the world through art and the truths of religion. The questions of the current research are: While the conditions of the modern society, including education and art, are influenced by modern values, for what reasons should the thought and practice of traditionalism be revived? What are the goals, principles and methods of art and education arising from traditionalism? The research method is practical syllogism based on inference from the content of traditional sources. Sacred art is considered as one of the principles of traditionalism, and the following educational goals and methods are derived from it. As for educational goals, these are the candidates: Resolving internal gaps; providing harmony and balance of the outside and inside world; restoring the correct functioning of existential dimensions; cultivating metaphysical ethics; restoring the sense of sanctity of things; transcendence from within; and peace with oneself. Educational methods suggested consist of: Teaching how to think and, as a result, change in thinking, speech, and behavior; teaching wisdom; introspection; prayer; using artistic tools. Some of the outcomes of this view are as follows: freedom from the conflicting opinions and hopes, disparity of thoughts, and, as a result, the lack of identity; attracting the human eye to the levels and layers of the beauties; providing a more beautiful interpretation of religion; expressing and conveying the truth or sacred reflection; calling to unity, the formation of a sacred character. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

407 - On the use of Intelligent Information Retrieval in Patent Prior-Art Search
Habibollah Asghari Azadeh Shakery

Patents play an important role in Intellectual Property protection. So, in recent years a considerable attention has been paid to patent and prior-art search. In process of patent application filing, searching in the previous patent database is of great importance. Pat More

Patents play an important role in Intellectual Property protection. So, in recent years a considerable attention has been paid to patent and prior-art search. In process of patent application filing, searching in the previous patent database is of great importance. Patent examiners search in a huge database of patents to find if there exists any similarity between applicant’s claim and the previous registered patents. This process that called patent invalidity run, is one of the important stages of patent registration. Because of legal aspects of this process, the searcher should not leave any relevant patent document. So patent searching is essentially a recall-oriented issue in information retrieval applications. In recent years, the use of intelligent information retrieval in this search process has been investigated by many researchers. In this paper we investigate various methods of information retrieval that have been proven to be effective in retrieving relevant results. The survey also has focused on query formulation and how to transform a query patent into a search query. So we have explored different factors of a successful transformation, such as how many query words should be used, where to extract query words, how to weight them and whether to use noun-phrases instead of individual words. Furthermore, the survey covers researches that combine different features and has been proven to make a significant improvement in retrieval performance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

408 - Optimal Power Allocation for Maximizing Secrecy Rate in Physical Layer Security Using Frequency Diverse Array Directional Modulation and Artificial Noise
Mahdi Tayyeb Massoud Hossein Khaleghi

The directional modulation is a prominent and practical technique for enhancing the physical layer security in modern communication systems. In this method, the message signal is modulated by an array of antennas and transmitted in a specific direction to the legitimate More

The directional modulation is a prominent and practical technique for enhancing the physical layer security in modern communication systems. In this method, the message signal is modulated by an array of antennas and transmitted in a specific direction to the legitimate receiver, such that in other directions, the signal is destroyed and not receivable by eavesdroppers. By incorporating random frequency diverse array directional modulation, secure communication can be achieved in both angular and distance dimensions for the legitimate receiver. However, when the eavesdropper is located near the legitimate receiver, the confidentiality performance of this solution significantly deteriorates. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel approach that combines artificial noise with random frequency diverse array directional modulation and optimizes power allocation to attain the maximum secrecy rate. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed approach improves the secrecy rate of the physical layer security by at least one bit per second per hertz compared to the method without artificial noise, and by at least two bits per second per hertz compared to the phased array directional modulation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

409 - The effect of targeted organizational forgetting on organizational performance with the mediating role of knowledge management in sports and youth departments in the northwest of the country
taher Jabbari Dastjerd Kazem Mehri Mohammad nasiri

The purpose of this research was the effect of targeted organizational forgetting on organizational performance with the role of knowledge management mediator in sports and youth departments in the northwest of the country. The current research was of a descriptive-corr More

The purpose of this research was the effect of targeted organizational forgetting on organizational performance with the role of knowledge management mediator in sports and youth departments in the northwest of the country. The current research was of a descriptive-correlation type and applied in terms of purpose, which was carried out by the field method. The statistical population of this research included all managers and employees of sports and youth departments in the northwestern provinces of the country. 301 participants were selected as a statistical sample using random sampling method. The data was collected through a questionnaire (alpha coefficient was above 0.8). For data analysis, descriptive statistics (such as tables, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling) were used using SPSS and PLS software. The results showed that purposeful forgetting had a positive and significant effect on knowledge management (p=0.001). Also, knowledge management and purposeful forgetting had positive and significant effects on organizational performance (p=0.001 and p=0.001). In this research, we investigated the mediating role of knowledge management as well as innovation in the relationship between organizational forgetfulness and organizational performance, and the research results showed that knowledge management mediates the relationship between organizational forgetfulness and organizational performance. The results show that through effective organizational forgetting, organizations are able to transform knowledge into a new product, service and process, which brings innovative managerial and operational results. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

410 - Renewal of Spatial structure of the quarters based on the Cultural- led regeneration approach in Historical fabrics (Case Study: Arg quarter, Mashhad)
Farid Ganjeali Iman Ghalandarian

The spatial structure of quarters plays a fundamental role in revitalizing and improving their quality. Emphasizing the reconstruction of cultural heritage, this approach can serve as a suitable catalyst for strengthening related issues or the spatial structure of histo More

The spatial structure of quarters plays a fundamental role in revitalizing and improving their quality. Emphasizing the reconstruction of cultural heritage, this approach can serve as a suitable catalyst for strengthening related issues or the spatial structure of historical quarters. This research aims to reconstruct the spatial structure of the Arg quarter in Mashhad. The methodology employed is mixed (quantitative and qualitative), where initially, by defining the criteria for cultural reconstruction in both soft and hard environments and categorizing them into seven dimensions of the urban environment, the cultural criteria in the components of spatial structure were elucidated. In the second step, quarter issues in the Arg quarter were extracted through the perspectives of authors, experts, and residents using observation and interviews, then the issue network was drawn and analyzed using qualitative research analysis tools (Gephi software). The results of the research indicate that the most important issues of the spatial structure of the Arg quarter include the lack of day and night activities, neglect of social values, functional disturbances in space and activities, inappropriate environmental qualities, and the loss of a sense of place, which can be addressed by proposing suggestions for improvement based on the identified issues. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

411 - Identifying Factors and Indicators Affecting the Development of Urban Management Based on Modern Intelligent Communication Technologies Based on a Qualitative Approac
Mehdi Askari Kachoosangi bibi sadat miresmaeili afshin Mohammadi HamidReza Hoseini Dana Seyyed Reza Naqib al-Sadat

Based on the purpose, this research is an applied-developmental research, because it seeks to find a suitable model for new intelligent communication technologies in the development of urban management. On the other hand, based on the method and time period of data coll More

Based on the purpose, this research is an applied-developmental research, because it seeks to find a suitable model for new intelligent communication technologies in the development of urban management. On the other hand, based on the method and time period of data collection, it is a descriptive (non-experimental) research that was conducted with a cross-sectional survey method. Also, this study is based on a qualitative approach from the perspective of the nature of the data. In the first part, based on library studies and then expert interviews, the indicators of new intelligent communication technologies in the development of urban management have been identified. After the qualitative analysis stage, questionnaires were distributed and data was collected from experts in the field of media and urban management. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes 17experts in the field of study and media activists and urban management of the country. The qualitative results of this research showed that the optimal pattern of new intelligent communication technologies includes the categories of causal conditions (digital world, virtual world technology), contextual conditions (urban management), central phenomenon (new technologies), intervening conditions ( governments and citizens), strategies and actions (smart city), consequences smart transportation and environment, smart government and economy, smart people and life, (smart city). It is worth mentioning that MAXQDA software was used in grounded theory analysis Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

412 - Assessment of smart citizens in Iranian cities (Case example: Tehran city)
Elham Zabetian Targhi masoud dadgar

Based on the theoretical framework of the smart city, the third generation of smart cities in the world emphasizes "smart citizens" rather than supporting infrastructure; In fact, the smartness of cities depends on the smartness of citizens rather than the development o More

Based on the theoretical framework of the smart city, the third generation of smart cities in the world emphasizes "smart citizens" rather than supporting infrastructure; In fact, the smartness of cities depends on the smartness of citizens rather than the development of new technologies and infrastructures. Also, there are internationally approved indexes for measuring and evaluating the state of intelligence of citizens, which of course can be revised based on the cultural and contextual conditions of each region in cities. Therefore, according to the importance of the subject and to extract and diagnose the intelligence indexes of citizens in Iran, in this research, after document, with the conceptualization method, the indexes and sub-indexes of citizen evaluation have been extracted and then in the stage of survey studies, electronic questionnaires have been designed to measure the mentioned indexes and distributed among about 270 citizens of Tehran (as the capital and the leader in the field of intelligence in the country). In the next stage, quantitative and qualitative analyses have been carried out. By using multivariate regression and beta test, related indicators have been ranked and interpreted. Finally, the results show that the participation index is the most important element in the field of smart citizens, and this indicates that the promotion of the role of the citizens does not necessarily depend on the provision of infrastructure and the introduction of new technologies in cities. Also, suggestions for educating smart citizens from preschool to university level have been presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

413 - Investigating the Factors Affecting the Public Participation of Users and the Survivability of Spaces in Urban Parks to Improve the Level of Children's Safety (a Case Study of Shafaq Park in Tehran)
Saeed Azemati Kimia Jamshidzadeh

Security remains a fundamental human need within society. The safety and well-being of vulnerable groups, particularly children, who constitute one of the most at-risk segments of society, hold particular significance. An active human presence contributes significant More

Security remains a fundamental human need within society. The safety and well-being of vulnerable groups, particularly children, who constitute one of the most at-risk segments of society, hold particular significance. An active human presence contributes significantly to enhancing security in urban spaces. The ability to comprehend and observe the surrounding environment, as well as being visible to others, fosters a sense of security. The current research employs a blended quantitative and qualitative approach, involving a research community comprising 25 experts. These experts were selected through an open interview framework, utilizing a purposeful sampling method with the snowball technique. The gathered opinions were subsequently analyzed using SPSS26 software. According to the coefficients obtained from the variables, graphs were generated by Gefi software. Ultimately, the indicators extracted from the first and second stages of the survey underwent analysis using Depth Map software. The integration of the plan analysis with the generated graphs from the previous stage was deliberated using AGraph software. Based on the results, users are mostly looking for spaces that are efficient in attracting people when choosing urban parks for the safety of their children. Especially adults, and allow parents to monitor the space. Cultural spaces with a rating of 4.46 in urban parks are the main factor in attracting people for public participation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

414 - Biases and Achieving the Components of the Internet of Everything (IoE) in Iran's Neighboring Countries (Case Study: United Arab Emirates and Turkey)
Seyed Omid Azarkasb Seyed Hossein Khasteh

The Internet of Everything constitutes a comprehensive framework of connections, processes, and principles interlinked within a unified ecosystem. Within this framework, at a higher level, connections have broadened, and more importantly, these connections are comprehen More

The Internet of Everything constitutes a comprehensive framework of connections, processes, and principles interlinked within a unified ecosystem. Within this framework, at a higher level, connections have broadened, and more importantly, these connections are comprehended. The present article delves into assessing the status of this innovative technology in two neighboring countries. This study serves as an excellent example for decision-makers and leaders to propel Iran towards a higher level of sustainable development. Meanwhile, Dubai, one of the seven Emirates of the United Arab Emirates, by installing smart infrastructures, employing the unified DubaiNow application for all services (governmental and urban), and establishing a smart city, stands as the sole country among its neighbors to have successfully executed the Internet of Everything. The Internet of Everything has transformed Dubai into a significant economic hub in the region and globally. Conversely, although the Internet of Everything technology has not yet proliferated in Turkey, the foundations, technology, and key concepts have been well-established in the country. This technology, with its specific capabilities across various domains, from smart agriculture and livestock farming to urban traffic management, smart airports, and asset monitoring, has facilitated substantial improvements in infrastructures and services provided in Turkey. The examination results indicate that the orientations of these two countries toward achieving the prospects of this significant transformation have led to increased revenues, reduced operational costs, heightened productivity across various sectors, and positioning them on the path of sustainable development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

415 - An Overview of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Prediction and Diagnosis of Diseases Occurrence in Veterinary Medicine: Challenges and Techniques
Mahdi Bashizadeh Parham Soufizadeh Mahdi Zamiri Ayda Lamei Matin Sotoudehnejad Mahsa Daneshmand Melika Ghodrati Erika Isavi Hesameddin Akbarein

https://doi.org/10.61186/eltiamj.10.2.7

Early diagnosis of diseases is one of the main goals of health and wellness centers. Timely diagnosis can reduce the potential damage of diseases. The importance of this issue in veterinary medicine multiplies due to its combination with economic goals. Therefore, a pre More

Early diagnosis of diseases is one of the main goals of health and wellness centers. Timely diagnosis can reduce the potential damage of diseases. The importance of this issue in veterinary medicine multiplies due to its combination with economic goals. Therefore, a predictive approach is necessary for early diagnosis of diseases. This approach should be evidence-based and highly accurate. It should also be economically efficient. Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence and judgment by a computer or a robot that is programmed or trained to perform tasks that normally need human abilities. The emergence of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques in today's world has improved the existing functions in health care systems. So that with the application of this technology, a significant progress has been made in the procedures of event prediction and disease diagnosis, management and health at the macro level, etc. Furthermore, the scope of diagnosable diseases is extensive, encompassing any ailment for which relevant data can be processed by artificial intelligence algorithms. The trained model has the capability to diagnose a wide range of diseases, with accuracy contingent upon factors such as disease indicators, collected data, and other pertinent variables. In this review article, the most important applications of artificial intelligence in veterinary medicine will be mentioned, and in general, these applications will be examined in various fields such as diagnosis of common diseases, differential diagnosis, prediction of disease occurrence, veterinary diagnostic imaging techniques, veterinary clinical pathology, etc. In addition, the challenges in this field will also be mentioned. This article is a review of recent studies in this fiel. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

416 - Assessing the feasibility of smart city features (a case study of Tabriz city)
sahar jamshidi nafiseh zare اکبر عبدالله زاده طرف

The smartening of cities does not only mean the growth of technology and mechanization, but when it is smart and optimal in all socialcultural, economic, environmental, and governance fields, it is called a smart city . One of the necessities of making cities smarter More

The smartening of cities does not only mean the growth of technology and mechanization, but when it is smart and optimal in all socialcultural, economic, environmental, and governance fields, it is called a smart city . One of the necessities of making cities smarter is using less energy resources and creating maximum efficiency. In recent years, the technology employment has become important to speed up the process of daily work and improve the quality of life; however, it has not been formed in a comprehensive and integrated way. This research aimed to investigate the feasibility of smart city indicators in Tabriz. The feasibility of six basic components of a smart city in social, political, environmental and other fields has been investigated. The current research method is a library and questionnaire. Considering the specialization of intelligence and the requirements of its realization, the extracted questionnaire was completed with the cooperation of professors and experts. The results were analyzed in SPSS software. Based on Cronbach's numbers, Tabriz city has been in a relatively favorable situation in terms of realizing the characteristics of a smart city. But in general, this city cannot be called smart. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

417 - Labyrinth of the World: Deconstruction of Nicolaus Cusanus’ Perception of Substance Based on the Views of Meister Eckhart and Ibn Sīnā
Ebrahim Ranjbar Mohammadreza Asadi

Nicolaus Cusanus, the German Philosopher and theologian, tried to revise the metaphysical views of his time in his works. He tried to present his philosophical approach systematically by posing a number of innovative theories about creation, Man’s relationship with the More

Nicolaus Cusanus, the German Philosopher and theologian, tried to revise the metaphysical views of his time in his works. He tried to present his philosophical approach systematically by posing a number of innovative theories about creation, Man’s relationship with the infinite affair, motion, and knowledge, as well as by revising the common religious views regarding such theorems as the first sin and creation out of nothing. Here, the authors have initially tried to examine Cusanus’ important views about the relationship between Man and the infinite affair, and through which reveal that, from this point of view, there is only one substance in the world, and anything other than that is among its necessary accidents. Next, they propound the concepts of unfolding and folding and introduce a category called the trans-substantial motion in Cusanus’ specific reading. After discussing his views, the background of the formation of his approach are deconstructed. In doing so, Meister Eckhart’s interpretation of some sections of the Holy Book and some of Ibn Sīnā’s fundamental metaphysical views are presented. Then the authors argue that Ibn Sīnā’s innovative approaches and Meister Eckhart’s novel interpretations pave the context for postulating a new metaphysics that is different from the traditional one. This can introduce new perspectives for philosophical studies and shed a new light on the history of philosophical thought. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

418 - Investigating the Particle Size of Chitosan-Based Drug Carriers for the Release of 5-Fluorouracil Antitumor Drug
Mohammad Hossein Karami Majid Abdouss Mandana Karami

Chitosan has been widely used as a natural biopolymer. The modification of chitosan for various applications can be easily achieved due to the abundant active groups (NH2 and OH) in the main chain. Controlled drug release makes the drug release rate predictable and repe More

Chitosan has been widely used as a natural biopolymer. The modification of chitosan for various applications can be easily achieved due to the abundant active groups (NH2 and OH) in the main chain. Controlled drug release makes the drug release rate predictable and repeatable for prolonged release drugs. Drug delivery systems prepared from nanoparticles show several advantages, including improved efficiency and reduced toxicity. Using drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles loaded with anti-cancer agents is an effective method for targeting cancer cells. These systems, with the ability to penetrate better inside the cells, combine the drug in a targeted way in the cells. Also, due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR), the possibility of better accumulation of drugs in the tumor site is provided. In most researches, the suitable particle size for the targeted release of drug nanocarriers has been reported to be less than 300 or 200 nm. This amount is suitable for the application of drug release for diffusion among tissues and causes the effect of increasing permeability. In this study, for the first time, it examines and analyzes the particle size and zeta potential (surface charge) of chitosan-based nanocarriers through dynamic light scattering and electron microscope tests in improving the release of the antitumor drug, 5-fluorouracil. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

419 - Ayatollah Naeini and the Establishment of a Revolutionary Democratic System
hamid jafari Seyedmohsen Alavipour

<!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedConte More

Ayatollah Naeini and the Establishment   of a Revolutionary Democratic System   Hamid Jafari<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>   Seyyed Mohsen Alavipour<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">**</a>   Naeini was able to present a proposal for a democratic system entitled "Constitutional Government" through theoretical elaboration on concepts such as the constitution, the national assembly, councils, the necessity of consulting with the people's representatives, giving meaning and political weight to the principles of enjoining good and forbidding evil, emphasizing participatory democracy, the role of councils in overseeing laws, and ultimately introducing a new theory in Shia political jurisprudence. The theory prioritizes a form of "compromise" and, through this, provides the necessary intellectual groundwork for separating political affairs from religious matters. An examination of this theory within the framework of pioneering theoretical perspectives on political developments worldwide demonstrates the extent to which he was familiar with the foundations of a democratic system in the contemporary world. By incorporating religious and cultural teachings, he was able to design such a system based on the modern needs of Iranian society. This research aims to elaborate on the novel articulation of the principles outlined by contemporary political philosopher Hannah Arendt for a republic and a successful revolution, within Naeini's governance theory. Within this framework, it becomes evident that the founding principle emphasizes positive freedom and the participation of citizens who are equal under the law. The two fundamental principles of "liberty" and "equality" are well articulated within Naeini's legitimate government theory. Therefore, this theory can be considered as pioneering in modernizing the political structure of the country based on fundamental democratic principles. The research methodology employed is descriptive-analytical and relies on library research.   Keywords: Naeini, Arendt, positive freedom, participation, and foundation.   <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">*</a> Ph.D. Student of political Science, Imam Khomeini and Islamic Revolution Research Institute, Iran h.jafari848586@gmail.com </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">**</a> Corresponding Author: Associate Professor, Department of Applied Policy Studies, Research Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, Iran m.alavipour@gmail.com </div> </div>   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

420 - Geochemistry of rare earth elements and radioactive elements in phosphorites of Jeirud deposit, central Alborz, North of Iran
milad najafi Mohammad yazdi khalegh khoshnoodi mehrdad behzadi

Jeirud Phosphorite Mine is located in the phosphate-rich horizon of the Jeirud Formation of the Lower Devonian sediments in central parts of Alborz geotectonic zone, North of Iran. The sediments of this formation are mostly composed of detrital rocks such as sandstone, More

Jeirud Phosphorite Mine is located in the phosphate-rich horizon of the Jeirud Formation of the Lower Devonian sediments in central parts of Alborz geotectonic zone, North of Iran. The sediments of this formation are mostly composed of detrital rocks such as sandstone, sandy shales and sandy limestones. Phosphorite mineralization is mainly concentrated in the shales of middle parts of the Jeirud Formation. In this research, we have studied the concentration and the possibility of exploitation of rare earth and radioactive elements in these phosphorites. Lithogeochemical samples were randomly collected from phosphorite horizons. The samples were analysed by ICP-MS and ICP-OES not only for REE but also for major oxides and radioactive elements. The geochemical data show that the average of P2O5 is 29.60 %. The average of U and Th is 4.97 and 8.64 ppm respectively. Also, this data show that concentration of REEs in these samples are , 3times more than rare earth elements in North American shales (NASC) and 2.6 times more than Past Archaen shales (PAAS). REE concentration of these phosphorites were normalised to North American shales (NASC) and Past Archaen shales (PAAS). The spider diagram shows positive patterns to REE, especially in Ce and Eu. Also, this spider diagram represents the diffrentiation of LREE with respect to HREE. This diffrentiation occurred due to preferential absorption mechanism and during late diagenesis in these sediments. The average concentration of P and REE is realtively high and it seems to be economic for next minning activites. But the average concentration of U and Th is too low and not economic for exploration. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

421 - Etiology of Robot Crimes: With Emphasis on Rational Choice Theory
mahboub afrasiab kamran shirzad

Nowadays, artificial intelligence has become increasingly important as a technological advancement. Different applications of artificial intelligence in different realms, while being the source of services for humans, but the emergence of robotic crimes has posed challe More

Nowadays, artificial intelligence has become increasingly important as a technological advancement. Different applications of artificial intelligence in different realms, while being the source of services for humans, but the emergence of robotic crimes has posed challenges for humans. Therefore, the main issue in this area is the intervention of robots in criminal behavior. Regarding the crimes of the first generation of robots / non-intelligent robots, it should be said that robots have no role in committing a crime and are only a tool in the hands of the programmer. However, the generation of intelligent robots are active and rational social actors who move beyond the will of the programmer and seek to make moral decisions. The study, which seeks to analyze the crimes of robots in the light of rational choice theory, concludes that intelligent robots are among the white-collar criminals among criminals who pay the most attention to cost-benefit analyzes. In addition, the first generation of robots lack the ability to measure the benefits and costs of crime Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

422 - Marginalization and Social Capital: A Comparison of Women in Marginal and Non-Marginal Areas of Sari
Javad Feli Ali Gorji karsami

<!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedConte More

Marginalization and Social Capital: A Comparison of Women in Marginal and   Non-Marginal Areas of Sari       Javad Feli<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>   Ali Gorji Karsami<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">**</a>   Introduction   Social capital is considered to be a network of relationships, interactions, and the values and norms governing these relationships, which can create the necessary platform for the realization of society's goals by fostering trust, convergence, and proper interaction. To achieve collective goals, relying on and emphasizing social capital—meaning establishing trust, creating a spirit of cooperation, and fostering correct interaction—is essential and precedes other matters. By establishing contact with each other, members of society can cooperate, and social relations and interactions between people are influenced by various social, economic, and cultural changes.   The gathering of immigrants with different cultures in unsuitable living environments, along with unemployment and poverty, leads to the creation of delinquent neighborhoods and various psychological problems. Criminological studies and social psychology have always found their most important subjects in big, dense cities and among immigrants. In underdeveloped countries, urbanization expands along with the growth of services independent of industrial development, leading to decreased production, hidden and open unemployment, and the rise of urban crimes. Marginalization and its consequences can be seen as social damage and problems. It should not be overlooked that, in addition to the negative aspects of marginalization in the social structure and spatial construction of cities, this environment also has negative consequences for the marginalized themselves. These include the presence of crime and delinquency in these areas, an inappropriate social, economic, and cultural environment for children and teenagers, a sense of insecurity, and the lack of welfare, cultural facilities, and necessary amenities for youth and teenagers to spend their free time. This creates a poor way of life for these people.   The main problem of the research is whether there is a significant difference in the amount of social capital among women in marginal and non-marginal areas of Sari city.       Methodology   This research employed a field-based survey method and was practical in purpose. The statistical population comprised 143,764 women over 15 years old in Sari. Based on Krejci and Morgan's standard sampling table, 384 participants were selected as the sample. To access the sample, a cluster random sampling method was used. Marginalized areas in Sari city, including Koi-e- Shahid Chamran, Ghafari neighborhood, and Azadi neighborhood, were randomly selected, while Farhang Street, Javadiyeh area, and Beasath area were chosen from non-marginalized areas. The data collection tool was a social capital questionnaire. The social capital measured in this research was divided into four dimensions: social participation, social trust, social cohesion, and social relations, each with 32 items across these four dimensions. The four dimensions of social capital were theoretically and operationally defined. The validity of the questionnaires was established through expert opinions, and the reliability, as measured by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.84 for the social capital questionnaire and for each component: social participation (0.74), social trust (0.91), social cohesion (0.83), and social relations (0.87). Data analysis used the Levene test, which showed a significance level (sig) of 0.114, greater than 0.05, indicating the use of the assumption of equal variances.       Findings   The research findings indicated that the average levels of social capital (99.63), social participation (23.36), social trust (27.24), social cohesion (27.38), and social relations (21.63) were higher among residents of non-marginal areas compared to the average levels in marginalized areas: social capital (74.87), social participation (16.37), social trust (19.27), social cohesion (24.46), and social relations (14.75). Therefore, it can be concluded that the type of residence—whether marginalized or non-marginalized—affects the amount of social capital.   According to the t-statistic results (t = 25.41, sig = 0.000 for the first hypothesis; t = 29.25, sig = 0.000 for the second hypothesis; t = -9.29, sig = 0.000 for the third hypothesis; t = 19.94, sig = 0.000 for the fourth hypothesis), at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05) and (df) = 384 - 2, which is greater than the critical t-value (t = 1.64), the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. The research hypothesis is strongly supported by the data, with 95% confidence, indicating a significant difference between the views of women from marginalized and non-marginalized areas of Sari regarding the four components of social capital. Both groups of women recognize a significant difference in the status and level of these components in their respective areas.   Additionally, the overall t-statistic (t = 24.963, sig = 0.000 for the main hypothesis), at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05) and (df) = 382, is greater than the critical t-value (t = 1.64), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis (H0) and strong confirmation of the research hypothesis. Therefore, we conclude with 95% certainty that there is a significant difference between the views of women in marginalized and non-marginalized areas of Sari regarding the status and amount of social capital.       Conclusion   The findings suggest that the type of residence—marginal or non-marginal—affects the amount of social capital. According to Putnam's theory, suburbanization or marginalization is a factor in reducing social capital. Coleman also identifies migration and relocation of families as influential in decreasing social capital. Ofe and Fuchs consider living in suburbs or marginalized areas as affecting social capital levels. Putnam's theory indicates that marginalization limits people's opportunities to interact, as they must allocate more time to daily tasks and less to socializing. This situation impacts all indicators of social capital.   Social cohesion is higher in non-marginal areas. According to the theory of social disorganization, factors such as reduced efficiency of social institutions like family and kinship restrictions, which act as informal forces to control social norms, are consequences of industrialization, urbanization, and increasing immigration. Marginal residents, many with less than eight years of peripheral experience, have not had the opportunity to form new relationships. Moreover, immigrants from diverse regions and cultures disrupt existing kinship and family ties.   The results also reveal a significant difference in trust levels between marginalized and non-marginalized areas, with non-marginalized residents showing higher trust. Marginal residents often experience mistrust towards government organizations due to indifference from officials and poor conditions in marginalized areas. Social inequalities and unfair income distribution further contribute to this mistrust. Additionally, rising crime rates and lack of cooperation in addressing these issues reduce public trust.   In conclusion, the social capital of marginalized women in Sari differs significantly from that of non-marginalized women. This difference is influenced by social, cultural, and economic contexts, as well as the cross-sectional perspective of urban decision-makers. Erosion of social capital in marginalized regions affects their resilience in risk management and crisis situations. <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">* </a>Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. <a href="mailto:Javad_feli@pnu.ac.ir">Javad_feli@pnu.ac.ir</a> </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">**</a> Ph.D. Student in Social Issues Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. drali.gorjik@gmail.com </div> </div>   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

423 - The legitimacy of Fetal Reduction from the Perspective of Islamic Jurisprudence by Emphasizing the Importance of Population Growth
Kobra Pourabdollah Fateme Eslami

Modern fertility procedures have taken a positive and important step in the direction of treating infertility and helping to increase the population. Furthermore, it provided the means to consolidate the family. However, among the many methods of infertility treatmen More

Modern fertility procedures have taken a positive and important step in the direction of treating infertility and helping to increase the population. Furthermore, it provided the means to consolidate the family. However, among the many methods of infertility treatment and also during medical work, sometimes the multiple insemination of embryos causes difficult conditions that oblige the couple to reduce the embryos. Accordingly, "Is the reduction of the fetus legal in jurisprudence?" "Is it appropriate to sacrifice an embryo to benefit another embryo? "Doesn't reducing fetuses jeopardize the goal of increasing the country's population and the welfare of the society?" This paper aims to answer the mentioned questions utilizing the library method, examine the legitimacy or illegitimacy of fetal reduction, and check the expedients in this matter. From the point of view of Islamic jurisprudence, the reduction of the fetus has been legitimate. According to the rules of jurisprudence, including the rule of "Akhf al-Arwein," concluded that preserving the mother's life and reducing the fetus have more benefits and less harm. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

424 - Examining The Satisfaction Of Patients Visiting The Emergency Department Of PourSina Educational-Medical Center In 2023
Kourosh Delpasand Amir Fakhraei Zohreh Kazempour kalshatri Enayatollah Homayi rad Doreen Aghajalani Shirin Maafi kalorzi Mohammad Nooryan مرضیه آزادگان

10.61186/ahrar.45871.4.7.1

Patient satisfaction is one of the important indicators of effectiveness, efficiency and quality of health care services. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the satisfaction of patients visiting the emergency department of PourSina Educational-Medical Ce More

Patient satisfaction is one of the important indicators of effectiveness, efficiency and quality of health care services. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the satisfaction of patients visiting the emergency department of PourSina Educational-Medical Center in 2023. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, information from 300 patients visiting the emergency department of PourSina Educational-Medical Center in 2023 was collected through a questionnaire. First, the demographic questionnaire was completed. In the next step, the Patient Satisfaction Scale-Short Form (BEPSS) questionnaire was completed by volunteers. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean and standard deviation were used to describe the data and a significant level of 0.05 was considered for P values. The findings of this study showed that the highest satisfaction score was obtained in the area of (EDS) and the lowest score was in the area of (EDE). The overall satisfaction score was 51.10±31.59 out of 80. There was no significant relationship between the scores obtained from the questions in the areas of (EDS), (EDE), (GPS), (PFS), (BEPSS) and (PCS) based on age groups, patient age, marital status, place of residence, education level and hospitalization history of the patients under study. However, significantly higher satisfaction was observed in women, patients with shorter hospitalization time and those who were discharged without personal consent. The results of this study showed that the level of patient satisfaction was acceptable, but there is still a need for a program to improve the services provided. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

425 - The components of Aristotelian tragedy in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh
shirin ghaderi Mirjalaluddin Kazazi خلیل بیگ‌زاده

Tragedy as a kind of dramatic literature is one of the most important components of Aristotle's thought in the philosophy of art and his book " Poetics". According to Aristotle, the first person to explain its constituent parts, tragedy has several components that he More

Tragedy as a kind of dramatic literature is one of the most important components of Aristotle's thought in the philosophy of art and his book " Poetics". According to Aristotle, the first person to explain its constituent parts, tragedy has several components that help to understand tragedy as well as possible, and it has characteristics that create balance and spiritual balance in the viewer, and put it in a higher place than the epic. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh has stories that can be measured with the components of Aristotelian tragedy and understand its hidden dimensions. This research aims to explain the components of Aristotelian tragedy in the Shahnameh with a descriptive-analytical method, and it has shown that there are many of these components in the Shahnameh that are in line with Aristotle's opinions in the Poetic, although some minor differences can be seen, which are rooted in fundamental differences such as literary genre, cultural, climatic, religious differences, etc. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

426 - Principle of Impartiality and Neutrality in the Exercise of Discretionary Powers in the Light of a Decision by the Administrative Court
Seyyed shahaboddin Musavizade merkie

10.61186/ahrar.45968.4.8.1

Discretionary power is a power granted by the legislator to public authorities with the aim of serving the public interest. This power is exercised in various areas, including the recruitment of volunteers in government agencies. According to the Universal Declaration o More

Discretionary power is a power granted by the legislator to public authorities with the aim of serving the public interest. This power is exercised in various areas, including the recruitment of volunteers in government agencies. According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, individuals have the right to equal access to public employment in their own country. According to the Law on the Administration of Public Services, the principle of meritocracy applies to entry into executive agencies. However, placing criteria such as religious beliefs in addition to acceptance in the entrance competition has a legal basis according to the Law on the Administration of Public Services. The question now is how can these two important issues (meritocracy and compliance with selection criteria) be achieved? This article attempts to answer this question by describing and analyzing a decision by an administrative court through a library study using data extraction tools. The results showed that compliance with the principles of impartiality and neutrality by executive agencies and supervision by administrative courts are good tools for achieving the legislative goal of granting discretionary powers to administrative authorities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

427 - Identifying the Advantages, Disadvantages and Challenges of Advancing the Smart Home from the Perspective of Users in Tehran
Fatemeh Cheshmeh عباس حبیبی

In today's world, technologies have reached such a level of progress and development that they cannot be ignored at the level of daily life. The smart house represents a new definition of the home space, which is associated with the entry of more and more technology More

In today's world, technologies have reached such a level of progress and development that they cannot be ignored at the level of daily life. The smart house represents a new definition of the home space, which is associated with the entry of more and more technology into homes. The place of intelligentization in Iran, as an imported phenomenon, needs further study and investigations. The purpose of this research is to find the challenges facing smart building in Iranian homes and find out the users' attitude towards this issue. In the following, it has been tried to examine the advantages and disadvantages and the strengths and weaknesses of the smart home based on the lived experience of the users of Tehran. This research is based on the purpose of a fundamental research and in terms of method, it is a qualitative ethnographic study that was conducted by conducting in-depth and semi-structured interviews with two groups of actual and potential smart home users in Tehran. The findings of this research indicate that various components are effective in the level of users' satisfaction with the smartness of homes, which in the group of actual users include the components; psychological, social, economic, cultural, infrastructure and technology and in the group of potential users also includes the components; It is economic, social and cultural. The results show that despite the initial ideas, actual users often feel satisfied with living in these spaces and even if they are not completely satisfied, they do not deny the benefits of smartening. In fact, the most important challenge for the adoption of a smart home from the point of view of both groups is its high costs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

428 - Comparing Imam Khomeini's (RA) interpretation of Surah Hamad with Allameh Tabataba'i
Aqila Musa Nia Ali Akbar Afrasiab pour maryam Bakhtiar

The most important source of Islamic religious teachings is the Qur'an, whose interpretation and study of chapters and verses has been the focus of discussion in scientific and religious circles since the beginning of Islam. One of the most important surahs of the Qur'a More

The most important source of Islamic religious teachings is the Qur'an, whose interpretation and study of chapters and verses has been the focus of discussion in scientific and religious circles since the beginning of Islam. One of the most important surahs of the Qur'an is surah Hamd, which religious scholars and commentators, even if they have not interpreted all the chpters and verses of the Qur'an, have paid special attention to the interpretation of this chapter and explained it with various methods. Imam Khomeini as one of the influential personalities in the last century and Allameh Tabatabai, one of the prominent commentators of the Holy Quran, have been considered in various ways and one of the prominent examples of Imam Khomeini's works is the interpretation of Artistic interpretation of Surah Hamad. In this research, which is in the form of library, analytical and descriptive methods, the characteristics of Imam Tafsir's interpretation in this field are examined and the differences between their interpretations and Allameh Tabatabai's interpretations are explained. One of their differences is the different methods of interpretation in this surah. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

429 - A review of polymer bonded explosive rheology
Mahmoud Heydari

Polymer-bonded explosives are widely used in defense and commercial industries. In this type of explosive, very high amounts of explosive crystals (about 90% by weight) are surrounded by a polymeric binder (about 10%), which leads to a decrease in sensitivity and a sign More

Polymer-bonded explosives are widely used in defense and commercial industries. In this type of explosive, very high amounts of explosive crystals (about 90% by weight) are surrounded by a polymeric binder (about 10%), which leads to a decrease in sensitivity and a significant increase in safety during application and storage. These mixtures are molded in different ways, such as pressing, casting, extrusion, and injection. Studying the rheology of these mixtures with a high percentage of solid loading leads to finding the appropriate quality control method at different production stages. The first step was to review studies on alternatives to simulating explosive rheological behavior, such as dechlorane, calcium carbonate, sugar, etc. The general behavior of simulated mixtures, such as yield stress, shear rate dependence, time dependence, etc., is compared with original explosive. The results showed that despite the similarity in some rheological behaviors, it is impossible to predict and study all the rheological behaviors of polymer-bonded explosives using simulating materials. This paper discusses factors affecting the rheology of polymer-bonded explosives, such as particle size distribution, modification of explosive crystal surfaces, and plasticizer. A review of scientific sources showed that using a wide distribution of explosive crystal particles compared to a narrow distribution led to a significant reduction in viscosity and dependence on shear rate and time. The absence of strong interactions between crystal particles and polymer binder leads to no observation of quasi-solid behavior even in 85% by weight of explosive crystals such as octogen in hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

430 - Investigating the Particle Size of Chitosan-Based Drug Carriers for the Release of 5-Fluorouracil Antitumor Drug
Mohammad Hossein Karami Majid Abdouss Mandana Karami

Chitosan has been widely used as a natural biopolymer. The modification of chitosan for various applications can be easily achieved due to the abundant active groups (NH2 and OH) in the main chain. Controlled drug release makes the drug release rate predictable and repe More

Chitosan has been widely used as a natural biopolymer. The modification of chitosan for various applications can be easily achieved due to the abundant active groups (NH2 and OH) in the main chain. Controlled drug release makes the drug release rate predictable and repeatable for prolonged release drugs. Drug delivery systems prepared from nanoparticles show several advantages, including improved efficiency and reduced toxicity. Using drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles loaded with anti-cancer agents is an effective method for targeting cancer cells. These systems, with the ability to penetrate better inside the cells, combine the drug in a targeted way in the cells. Also, due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR), the possibility of better accumulation of drugs in the tumor site is provided. In most researches, the suitable particle size for the targeted release of drug nanocarriers has been reported to be less than 300 or 200 nm. This amount is suitable for the application of drug release for diffusion among tissues and causes the effect of increasing permeability. In this study, for the first time, it examines and analyzes the particle size and zeta potential (surface charge) of chitosan-based nanocarriers through dynamic light scattering and electron microscope tests in improving the release of the antitumor drug, 5-fluorouracil. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

431 - Polymer processes in the light of artificial intelligence
Zeinab Sadat Hosseini

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the daily life of humans on the planet by entering different fields. This tool has opened a new window on the activists in the field of polymer science and engineering, like other sciences, and it can be widely used in the ma More

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the daily life of humans on the planet by entering different fields. This tool has opened a new window on the activists in the field of polymer science and engineering, like other sciences, and it can be widely used in the manufacture of polymers and their derivatives, mixing processes, forming polymers, composites, and designing and manufacturing the related equipment. Artificial intelligence algorithms can enable the analysis of a large and unlimited amount of data obtained from sensors and process monitoring systems. These patterns and methods have provided the ability to process cases that are difficult or impossible to detect manually and are used in modeling and simulation, process control, error detection and recommender systems, and can be used to achieve optimal mixing by considering the properties of the mixture components and technical specifications, can be provided recommendations for the desired product. Artificial intelligence can control the process factors to ensure consistency and uniform dispersion of additives, fillers, and colors, resulting in higher quality mixing and products with optimized properties. It can also help reduce the cycle time without compromising product quality, which can lead to significant cost savings and the greater productivity, and can enable preventative maintenance. In this study, the application of artificial intelligence in some polymer processes was investigated, specifically in the rubber compounding, the composite preparation and the extrusion, which promises a new direction in the polymer processes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

432 - Investigating the Effective Components in the Formation of Contemporary Iranian Architecture Based on Social Changes (Case Study: Niavaran Cultural Center and Tehran Museum of Contemporary Arts)
reza naghdbishi Saeed Azemati Kimia Jamshidzadeh

Society is constantly undergoing changes influenced by various factors, which impact all aspects of life, including culture. Consequently, when changes occur, adaptation and coordination become necessary. The architectural landscape in Iran, with its long history and More

Society is constantly undergoing changes influenced by various factors, which impact all aspects of life, including culture. Consequently, when changes occur, adaptation and coordination become necessary. The architectural landscape in Iran, with its long history and remarkable works, has been rapidly and multi-dimensionally shaped by the developments of the 20th century. This has sometimes led to conflicts between the past and the desired future, resulting in periods of confusion regarding the direction of progress. The paper aims to investigate the effective components in the formation of contemporary Iranian architecture based on social changes. The research methodology employed in this study is qualitative and follows an analytical-historical approach. Content analysis consists of three stages: preparation and organization, examination of materials and messages, and data processing and conclusion drawing. These stages are conducted using MAXQDA software. Additionally, graphical representations are generated based on the research components. Gafi stands out as one of the notable programs in this regard. The results indicate that social changes over time have significantly influenced the evolution of contemporary architecture in Iran. Factors such as political, economic, cultural, climatic and environmental consideration have distinctly shaped contemporary Iranian architecture during different historical periods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

433 - The effect of eight weeks of crocetin consumption and aerobic exercise on the expression of Myod in the heart tissue of elderly prediabetic rats
Abolhasan Sharifi Rigi Khosro Jalali Dehkordi Mohsen Akbarpour Beni Farzaneh Taghian

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy refers to changes in the heart as a result of impaired glucose homeostasis, leading to ventricular dysfunction and associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Since sports activity is known to protect the heart, the aim of the present More

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy refers to changes in the heart as a result of impaired glucose homeostasis, leading to ventricular dysfunction and associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Since sports activity is known to protect the heart, the aim of the present study was to investigate aerobic exercise and the effective substance crocetin on the expression of Myod gene in the heart tissue of an experimental model of elderly prediabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental trial, 25 elderly female c57bl6 male mice with prediabetes (20 mg/kg peritoneal injection) aged 14-16 weeks and weighing 30-35 grams were divided into 5 healthy control groups, prediabetic, prediabetic + aerobic exercise, pre-diabetic + crocetin, pre-diabetic + aerobic exercise + crocetin were divided. aerobic training was performed for eight weeks, five sessions per week. Mice received crocetin 30 mg/kg/day by intraperitoneal injection. Myod expression was measured by Real Time PCR method. To analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used (P≥0.05). Results: Myod gene expression was significantly decreased in the prediabetic group compared to the healthy group (P=0.01). Myod gene expression was significantly higher in the pre-diabetes group + aerobic exercise + crocetin supplement and diabetes group + aerobic exercise + crocetin supplement than other groups (P=0.01). Conclusion: It seems that intermittent aerobic exercise and crocetin both alone and simultaneously are effective in improving Myod gene expression in prediabetic heart tissue. Therefore, the use of periodic aerobics and crocetin n is recommended in pre-diabetes conditions of old age Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

434 - The effect of targeted organizational forgetting on organizational performance with the mediating role of knowledge management in sports and youth departments in the northwest of the country
taher Jabbari Dastjerd Kazem Mehri mohammad nasiri

Taher Jabbari Dastjerd Kazem Mehri Mohammad Nasiri Abstract The purpose of this research was the effect of targeted organizational forgetting on organizational performance with the role of knowledge management mediator in sports and youth departments in the More

Taher Jabbari Dastjerd Kazem Mehri Mohammad Nasiri Abstract The purpose of this research was the effect of targeted organizational forgetting on organizational performance with the role of knowledge management mediator in sports and youth departments in the northwest of the country. The current research was of a descriptive-correlation type and applied in terms of purpose, which was carried out by the field method. The statistical population of this research included all managers and employees of sports and youth departments in the northwestern provinces of the country. 301 participants were selected as a statistical sample using random sampling method. The data was collected through a questionnaire (alpha coefficient was above 0.8). For data analysis, descriptive statistics (such as tables, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling) were used using SPSS and PLS software. The results showed that purposeful forgetting had a positive and significant effect on knowledge management (p=0.001). Also, knowledge management and purposeful forgetting had positive and significant effects on organizational performance (p=0.001 and p=0.001). In this research, we investigated the mediating role of knowledge management as well as innovation in the relationship between organizational forgetfulness and organizational performance, and the research results showed that knowledge management mediates the relationship between organizational forgetfulness and organizational performance. The results show that through effective organizational forgetting, organizations are able to transform knowledge into a new product, service and process, which brings innovative managerial and operational results. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

435 - Platform for manufacturing and intelligent production of polymers: genome engineering of polymer materials
Zeinab Sadat Hosseini

High-performance polymer materials are the foundation of high-level technology development and advanced manufacturing. Recently, polymeric material genome engineering (PMGE) has been proposed as a basic platform for the intelligent production of polymeric materials. Po More

High-performance polymer materials are the foundation of high-level technology development and advanced manufacturing. Recently, polymeric material genome engineering (PMGE) has been proposed as a basic platform for the intelligent production of polymeric materials. Polymeric Material Genome Engineering (PMGE) is an emerging field that combines the principles of the Materials Genome Initiative with polymer science to accelerate the discovery and development of new polymeric materials. The concept of PMGE is to create a comprehensive database of polymer properties obtained from both computational and experimental methods. This database can then be used to train machine learning models that can predict the properties of new polymers. However, the development of PMGE is still in its infancy and many issues remain to be addressed. Overall, PMGE represents a significant step towards the intelligent manufacturing of polymeric materials, with the potential to revolutionize the field by enabling faster and more efficient development of new materials. In this review are presented the fundamental concepts of PMGE and a summary of recent research and achievements, then are investigated the most important challenges and the future prospects. Specifically, this study focuses on the property prediction approaches, including of the proxy approach and the machine learning, and discusses the potential applications of PMGE, i.e. the advanced composites, the polymer materials used in the communication systems, and electrical integrated circuit manufacturing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

436 - Distribution pattern of gold and Rare Earth Elements in different and mineralized zones of Lakhshak deposit (Sistan Suture zone)
Nasim Heydarian Dehkordi Sh. Niroomand Hossein Ali Tajeddin

Lakhshak deposit is located in the southwestern part of the Sistan Suture zone and 28 km northwest of Zahedan. The exposed rock units include granitoid intrusion and dacite-rhyolite dykes with Oligocene age and calc schist and quartz schist with Eocene age, which More

Lakhshak deposit is located in the southwestern part of the Sistan Suture zone and 28 km northwest of Zahedan. The exposed rock units include granitoid intrusion and dacite-rhyolite dykes with Oligocene age and calc schist and quartz schist with Eocene age, which have metamorphosed to the green schist facies. This complex has transformed under the influence of a shear zone with a northeast-southwest trend. The composition of intrusive masses placed in the range of granodiorite based on lithological charts. Based on petrographic studies, the minerals that make up the intrusive masses include quartz, alkali feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, sericite, muscovite, iron oxides and calcite. Among the most important types of alteration, we can mention sericite, sulfide, siliceous and carbonate alterations. Analysis of the distribution patterns of rare earth elements in the shear zone samples shows the enrichment of REE in the central parts of the shear zone (severe degrees of alteration and deformation) compared to the foot wall and hanging wall units (weak degrees of alteration and deformation) of the shear zone. The distribution pattern of these elements includes the enrichment of LREE compared to HREE, which can attributed to regional metamorphism at the green schist facies and the circulation of CO2 and SO42- fluids in the Lakhshak shear zone. In addition, the presence of positive and negative Eu anomalies in the shear zone indicates two different stages of alteration. Weak to moderate alteration has led to the creation of positive Eu anomaly and advanced alteration has caused severe decomposition of plagioclase as the main source of Eu and negative Eu anomaly. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

437 - apartheid; An example of violation of the rule of prohibition of discrimination. Focusing on moral values and looking at the Palestinian issue
Fatemeh Beigi Mirazizi Sattar Azizi Farid Azad Bakht Mohammad Javad Jafari

Discrimination is known as an international crime, the prohibition of which is a mandatory rule in international law and is a necessity in order to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms and guarantee his dignity and even in some cases to maintain international p More

Discrimination is known as an international crime, the prohibition of which is a mandatory rule in international law and is a necessity in order to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms and guarantee his dignity and even in some cases to maintain international peace and security. Therefore, the principle of prohibition of discrimination has a prominent role in the international human rights system. The Geneva Quadrilateral Conventions of 1949 and the Additional Protocols of 1977 contain provisions that expressly prohibit "adverse discrimination" against persons affected by armed conflict and occupation, and require equal treatment between certain categories of persons, such as the sick, and this is the first step in considering Making apartheid a war crime. After this first step, the human suffering caused by the political ideology of apartheid in South Africa during 1948 to 1994, which drew global condemnation and a variety of diplomatic and legal responses, led to the adoption of the Apartheid Convention in 1973 as a crime against humanity. And also, war crime became the first in Article 85 (4) (c) of the Additional Protocol. These international reactions did not stop even after the end of the apartheid era, and in 1998, apartheid was included as an example of war crime in the Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). Furthermore, paragraph 1 of Article 86 AP I, which obliges parties to suppress serious violations of the Protocol, ensures that apartheid is included as a war crime in the domestic criminal laws of many countries, and the destruction of apartheid in South Africa will not change this. In fact, it is the increasing (but debatable)use of the term apartheid in laws that makes Israel's actions in the Occupied Palestinian Territories(OPT)cause or even increase individual criminal prosecution in this context. In other words, although the inclusion of the Apartheid Convention on Israel's actions faces challenges, there are no such restrictions regarding the provisions of API. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

438 - Re-examining the basic concepts of Descartes and Gadamer's thought and deducing its implications in education
Mohammad Hassan Tajdari mohammadhassan mirzamohammadi Mahdi Sobhaninejad

The purpose of this research is to compare the basic concepts of Descartes' and Gadamer's thought and to deduce its implications in education. The research has three questions; What are the basic concepts in the thought of Descartes and Gadamer? What criticism do each o More

The purpose of this research is to compare the basic concepts of Descartes' and Gadamer's thought and to deduce its implications in education. The research has three questions; What are the basic concepts in the thought of Descartes and Gadamer? What criticism do each of the two thinkers have on other basic concepts? And what implications does Descartes' thought and Gadamer's hermeneutics have for education? To answer these questions, the method of conceptual analysis, comparative criticism and inference was used and it was determined that: method, science, substance, human, idea and metaphysics are the basic concepts of Descartes' thought and method, consciousness, tradition, experience and understanding are concepts. They are fundamental in Gadamer's thought. It was also stated that Descartes' method was based on the principles of objectivism and Gadamer's concepts based on philosophical hermeneutics. Therefore, considering that according to Descartes, the method of mathematics is a method that has all the advantages and benefits of logic, algebra and geometry and at the same time, is free from their disadvantages, this component is with the components of consciousness and experience of Gadamer's thought. It was criticized and since Gadamer emphasizes on the pre-structures of understanding and he believes that the search for understanding without presuppositions is futile, this component of Gadamer was criticized with the components of man and metaphysics of Descartes' thought and finally the component of Gadamer's tradition Descartes' idea was criticized with the essential components. Descartes, the philosopher and mathematician of the 17th century, put the foundation of doubt in everything and discovered a method for scientific reasoning and adjusting skeptical arguments and led to the aging of a philosophical system; Therefore, he has been considered the pioneer of western modernity. On the other hand, the axis of Gadamer's thought is "understanding" and its constituent elements, and he claims a new narrative of understanding; Gadamer considers a set of elements necessary for understanding, the observance of which makes understanding more reflective. He bridges from method to "insight" and prefers philosophical and reflective "insight" to explanatory and precise "method". Also, the findings indicated that science, method, understanding, history, tradition and human are among the educational implications of the thought of the two thinkers and since Cartesian science is based on certainty and Gadamerian science is based on interpretation. By combining these two approaches, it is possible to achieve a definition of the science of education that is both objective and interpretive. It is also possible to use both Cartesian objective methods and interpretive teaching-learning methods, and by combining these two methods, an objective-subjective method can be achieved. Regarding the concept of understanding, Descartes had an objective view on the subject of understanding and Gadamer believes in an interpretive understanding of understanding, so pairing these interpretations of understanding can lead to an interpretive-objective understanding of understanding. It should be mentioned that it is possible to base the methods of education by using scientific rules and find an answer to common unknowns in the field of teaching and learning with the help of philosophical concepts. At the same time, we should express hypotheses about new educational methods and test these hypotheses and use the experiences gained to achieve a comprehensive solution. In general, by combining the concepts of these two thinkers, it is possible to look at the human being both as a basis and as a medium in education and to achieve a unified approach based on "objectivity-interpretation". Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

439 - A survey of ethical attitudes towards collaborative criminal justice
Mohammad Jamadi Ali Janipour Karam Janipour Dariush Babaie

Justice is one of the oldest concepts that mankind has known since the beginning of its civilization and has tried to establish it. Justice has different forms, which can be referred to as social, political, economic, etc. In this, criminal justice is of special importa More

Justice is one of the oldest concepts that mankind has known since the beginning of its civilization and has tried to establish it. Justice has different forms, which can be referred to as social, political, economic, etc. In this, criminal justice is of special importance. Scientists and experts in social sciences have considered several factors effective on criminal justice, among which principles such as the principle of acquittal and the principle of legality of crimes and punishments, as well as the personal nature of criminal responsibility, are important, but criminal responsibility is of particular importance among them. It is necessary to carry out serious scrutiny in this regard and conduct ethical attitudes towards criminal justice, especially collaborative criminal justice, in a scientific manner. Ignoring the areas of moral responsibility in the field of criminal justice violates the right of those referring to the judicial system and causes injustice. Therefore, paying attention to the character and human dignity of people is a necessity of collaborative criminal justice. The present article deals with the ethical attitudes in the field of collaborative criminal justice with a library method and has answered many unknowns in this regard. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

440 - Manifestations of post-modernism in the novel "Dell Folad" written by Moniro Ravanipour
Hasan Gholami behrouz romiani mostafa salari

Postmodernism is a term that came from Europe to Iran, and despite its recognition and acceptance, due to lack of familiarity with the origins, principles and components of this kind of literature, there is still doubt about its presence in fiction literature of Iran. W More

Postmodernism is a term that came from Europe to Iran, and despite its recognition and acceptance, due to lack of familiarity with the origins, principles and components of this kind of literature, there is still doubt about its presence in fiction literature of Iran. What qualities and components can be made as the basis of this type of literature is the most important issue in this kind of Odin's kind. Accordingly, this paper intends to use a descriptive-analytical method that, by analyzing the novel "Dell Steel" by Manoir Ranipour, a writer of contemporary Iran, written in the postmodern style, Introduces and recognizes the relative components of these components and finally concludes that components such as time irregularity in the narrative of events, uncertainty, contradiction, displacement, lack of coherence, lack of rule, excessive use of literary industries, Paralysis, Paranoia, Language disorders Finally, there is an extreme use of the flow of mind-flow in this novel, and the psycho-written writing style is influenced by the postmodern literary school, and many of the components of postmodern literature are visible in his novel. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

441 - Improving Resource Allocation in Mobile Edge Computing Using Particle Swarm and Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithms
seyed ebrahim dashti saeid shabooei

Mobile edge computing improves the experience of end users to achieve appropriate services and service quality. In this paper, the problem of improving resource allocation, when offloading tasks, based on mobile devices to edge servers in computing systems is investigat More

Mobile edge computing improves the experience of end users to achieve appropriate services and service quality. In this paper, the problem of improving resource allocation, when offloading tasks, based on mobile devices to edge servers in computing systems is investigated. Some tasks are uploaded and processed locally and some to edge servers. The main issue is that the offloaded tasks for virtual machines in computing networks are properly scheduled to minimize computing time, service cost, computing network waste, and the maximum connection of a task with the network. In this paper, a multi-objective hybrid algorithm of particle swarm and gray wolf was introduced to manage resource allocation and task scheduling to achieve an optimal result in edge computing networks. Local search in the particle swarm algorithm has good results in the problem, but it will cause the loss of global optima, so in this problem, in order to improve the model, the gray wolf algorithm was used as the main basis of the proposed algorithm, in the wolf algorithm Gray, due to the graphical approach to the problem, the set of global searches will reach the optimal solution, so by combining these functions, we tried to improve the operational conditions of the two algorithms for the desired goals of the problem. In order to create a network in this research, the network creation parameters in the basic article were used and the LCG data set was used in the simulation. The simulation environment in this research is the sim cloud environment. The comparison results show the improvement of waiting time and cost in the proposed approach. The results show that, on average, the proposed model has performed better by reducing the work time by 10% and increasing the use of resources by 16%. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

442 - Community Detection in Bipartite Networks Using HellRank Centrality Measure
Ali Khosrozadeh movaghar movaghar Mohammad Mehdi Gilanian Sadeghi Hamidreza Mahyar

Community structure is a common and important feature in many complex networks, including bipartite networks. In recent years, community detection has received attention in many fields and many methods have been proposed for this purpose, but the heavy consumption of ti More

Community structure is a common and important feature in many complex networks, including bipartite networks. In recent years, community detection has received attention in many fields and many methods have been proposed for this purpose, but the heavy consumption of time in some methods limits their use in large-scale networks. There are methods with lower time complexity, but they are mostly non-deterministic, which greatly reduces their applicability in the real world. The usual approach that is adopted to community detection in bipartite networks is to first construct a unipartite projection of the network and then communities detect in that projection using methods related to unipartite networks, but these projections inherently lose information. In this paper, based on the bipartite modularity measure that quantifies the strength of partitions in bipartite networks and using the HellRank centrality measure, a quick and deterministic method for community detection from bipartite networks directly and without need to projection, proposed. The proposed method is inspired by the voting process in election activities in the social society and simulates it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

443 - Investigating the concept of a smart city: Integrating Information Technology to Improve Quality of Life and Urban Services
Mona Vaziri Negin Bani Khalifi Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani

Modernity, coupled with accelerated urbanization and the high speed of information and communication technologies, calls for cities that demonstrate the ability to develop new concepts in the fields of urbanization, adaptation, and coordination. For this purpose, cities More

Modernity, coupled with accelerated urbanization and the high speed of information and communication technologies, calls for cities that demonstrate the ability to develop new concepts in the fields of urbanization, adaptation, and coordination. For this purpose, cities, inspired by new technologies, provide urban services to improve the quality of public services in the community. This new attitude towards cities can improve the living conditions of their inhabitants. Therefore, a new and conceptual look is needed in a smart city to give it a new framework. The main objectives of smart cities are to optimize urban activities, boost economic growth, and improve the quality of life of citizens. The research focuses on the concept of a smart city, its objectives, and its indicators. The present research methodology is a descriptive-analysis of the type of application that collects the required data using library information and authoritative articles. The results show that smart cities have reached indicators such as management, energy, building, transport, urban services and therapy, technology, and smart citizens. Key areas of smart cities include economics, people and governments, the environment, and smart living, which can lead to greater energy efficiency, increased yield, careful analysis of consumption, and data collection. As a result, these experimental measures will promote the development of cities, creating new insights that will improve the living conditions of their inhabitants. The new definition will inform future generations and their work in cities, communities, and achieving cities with intelligent concepts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

444 - An explanation of some mystical authorities such as Sabr, Annihilation, according to Imam Khomeini's mystical view of martyrdom
Mustafa Hamed Nejad maryam bakhthyar Aliyar Hosseini

Irfan is one of the ways to know the truth, it means to reach the god, to become immortal in him and to believe in the truth without seeing anything except him, not to hear anything except his words, to go beyond the knowledge of the divine, to go beyond the ain of t More

Irfan is one of the ways to know the truth, it means to reach the god, to become immortal in him and to believe in the truth without seeing anything except him, not to hear anything except his words, to go beyond the knowledge of the divine, to go beyond the ain of the divine and to rely on the exalted position of the divine and to transcend the realm of appearances. . Imam Khomeini (may Allah be pleased with him) is the greatest mystic of his age, who, in addition to his jurisprudence and religion, had a scholarly view in the field of mysticism and has written and can write many works in this field. It can be said that mystical views are well tied to other areas such as politics. Ando says from here that one of the important issues in the subject of mysticism is the examination of mystical authorities and the description of their different degrees. Reh) is related to mystical authorities relying on patience and mortality. The present research is done with a descriptive-analytical approach and referring to library sources, especially the sources related to the views of Imam Khomeini (RA) by stating the degrees of each of the responsible officials and tried to reflect on those officials by relying on the mysticism of certain works. Imam Khomeini should be explained correctly. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

445 - Analysis of the content of political development in the documents upstream documents (Constitutional Law and the 20-year vision document of 1404)
Moustafaa kavakebyan Azim Matin

This research delves into the intricate facets of political evolution within the framework of the Islamic Republic of Iran, particularly focusing on the confluence of constitutional governance and strategic foresight. Underlining the imperative of a meticulous scrutiny More

This research delves into the intricate facets of political evolution within the framework of the Islamic Republic of Iran, particularly focusing on the confluence of constitutional governance and strategic foresight. Underlining the imperative of a meticulous scrutiny of both the constitutional framework and the 20-year vision document of 1404, this inquiry probes into the reciprocal influence between the foundational precepts of the constitution, steeped in Islamic jurisprudence, and the transformative objectives delineated in the long-term perspective. Employing a methodical content analysis, the study scrutinizes the stance on political evolution as articulated in both the constitutional provisions and the 20-year horizon document, elucidating the nuanced dynamics that mold Iran's political trajectory. These revelations illuminate the state-driven, hierarchically structured nature of political advancement, underscoring the formidable task of harmonizing developmental initiatives with democratic principles and citizen engagement. This examination not only enriches scholarly discourse surrounding political progression but also furnishes policymakers with invaluable insights to navigate the distinctive socio-political terrain of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Lastly, this study underscores the constitutional emphasis on citizen participation and democratic values as pivotal components for fortifying political and social equilibrium. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

446 - The Nature and Eternity of Human Soul in Descartes
Asieh Bistooni Mohammad Akvan Mahdi Najafi Afra

<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roma More

<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">The soul is one of the most frequently used terms in Descartes’ philosophical works and one of the fundamental concepts employed in the structure of his philosophy. In fact, without considering the meaning and concept of the soul, one cannot perceive the essence of his philosophical system. He views the soul as an immaterial substance that is different from the body in the real sense of the word and can exist without the body. Descartes maintains that the soul is an essentially immaterial and decomposable substance that, after its destruction or the postmortem decomposition of the body, continues its life in the light of its essential immateriality bearing the memory of its union with the body. He has posed certain arguments on the immaterial nature of the human soul, such as the possibility of doubting the existence of bodies, the needlessness of the concept of the soul from corporal attributes, God’s power as to creating two elements with each one being clearly and distinctly perceivable, and the oneness and indecomposability of the soul. Accordingly, he believes in three substances of God, soul, and body in distinction from each other. He intends a true distinction when he refers to distinction of substances; however, this reference has become problematic for him, and he must clarify how two truly distinct substances can affect each other in unison. He has tried to resolve this problem by placing the vapor soul, the “pineal gland”, and the faculty of imagination as intermediaries or by establishing a kind of balance or even substantial unity between them. Nevertheless, the more he has tried to resolve the problem, the more he has been challenged. He has also presented two completely different standpoints regarding the eternity of the soul, which must be demonstrated based on rational and philosophical arguments. However, in his second stance, he introduces the mortality of the soul as a completely religious category and states that the eternity of the soul cannot be realized merely within the framework of the natural intellect and without seeking help from faith. Descartes has also been unsuccessful in this regard and failed to prove his claim. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

447 - The necessity of recognizing the relationship between nature and man-made environment design ideas in modern architecture education
Mehrnaz Mehrpoor Galeshkalami کیوان محمدپور saeed gholampour

The present article emphasizes the need to pay attention to the environmental dimensions and especially the natural substrate in architectural and urban planning projects. Comprehensive attention to nature is necessary in all cultural and climatic dimensions of archi More

The present article emphasizes the need to pay attention to the environmental dimensions and especially the natural substrate in architectural and urban planning projects. Comprehensive attention to nature is necessary in all cultural and climatic dimensions of architecture. Relying on the knowledge of technology, modern man has no qualms about changing and destroying nature, and a review of recent experiences shows the destruction of natural resources by implementing some plans on different scales. Of course, the advancement of technology does not necessarily conflict with the natural mechanism and sometimes it also takes steps to strengthen the relationship with the natural environment. This is despite the fact that the ancients paid more attention to nature and their hand-made works were made with much higher harmony than nature. Based on field observations and citing library sources and document analysis, this research seeks to prove the hypothesis that modern architectural knowledge should also give more importance to the adaptation of design to nature and take steps to strengthen human interaction with nature as much as possible. Undoubtedly, understanding this issue with practical training and workshops based on environmental knowledge can provide better conditions for sustainable development. The aim of this training will be to gain scientific knowledge about the resources of the natural environment, moral principles, values and skills in line with sustainable development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

448 - A look at the category of self-sacrifice and martyrdom in the poetry of Qaisar Aminpour
shahrbano hoseinzadeh ahmad reza keikhay farzane mostafa salari

Among the various themes that can be seen in the poetry of revolution and stability, the beautiful theme is martyrdom and self-sacrifice. This subject has been present in classical poems since ancient times, the most beautiful manifestation of which can be seen in As More

Among the various themes that can be seen in the poetry of revolution and stability, the beautiful theme is martyrdom and self-sacrifice. This subject has been present in classical poems since ancient times, the most beautiful manifestation of which can be seen in Ashura poems and the description of the Ashura event and the martyrs of Imam Hussein (AS). This theme remained in the poems until the time of the imposed war in Iran and eight years of holy defense. The poets of this period tried to immortalize the memory of these martyrs in various forms and pure and beautiful descriptions. Qaisar Aminpour is one of the prominent poets of the revolution who has developed the concept of martyrdom and self-sacrifice in the most subtle way in his poems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate this special theme in the poems of Qaisar Aminpour so that we can know more about the frequency and attention of Qaisar Aminpour to this category. Methods: The present research is a theoretical study that has been done by library research method and descriptive-analytical method. Scope and community studied, three books by Qaisar Aminpour entitled "Grammar of love, morning breathing and a complete collection of poems" published by Sokhan Publications. Findings and Results: With the studies that were done, we came to the conclusion that the main trick of the emperor to talk about martyrdom and self-sacrifice was to talk about Ashura and Imam Hussein (AS) and the events related to that event. In fact, in order to keep philosophy alive, the emperor has chosen the theme and motive of eight years of defense, the theme of martyrdom and self-sacrifice. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

449 - Application of moral values in kindergarten architecture based on Islamic teachings
abdulrazzagh abdolhamidahmad reza nik khah siamak jafarzadeh

Ethics is the knowledge of how to live. Moral values are one of the most important factors in the formation process of Islamic architecture. Architecture is an arena for the emergence of individual and social life and the expression of moral values. Paying attention More

Ethics is the knowledge of how to live. Moral values are one of the most important factors in the formation process of Islamic architecture. Architecture is an arena for the emergence of individual and social life and the expression of moral values. Paying attention to the existential moral values of man and society is one of the basic needs of the formation of the environment and human life. Considering the effects of the environment as one of the effective factors on the moral education of the child, we need a detailed understanding of the characteristics that affect the moral education of the child so that we can design an environment that helps the moral development of the child and actually education Follow the child's morals. Here, the question is raised, what strategies and solutions have Islamic teachings provided regarding a suitable environment for the moral education of children? And what are the characteristics of a suitable kindergarten for the moral education of a child based on Islamic teachings? Accordingly, the aim of this research is to provide principles and a model for kindergarten design based on moral teachings. In this research, it has been tried by referring to Islamic teachings and with the method of logical reasoning and their interpretation and analysis, the environmental components and architecture of a suitable place for the moral education of children have been deduced and presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

450 - Conceptual Clothing Therapy According to Ethical Principles of Alain De Botton, John Armstrong Views
maryam mounesi sorkheh zahra sheikhi

Throughout history, clothing has been a powerful way of expressing a specific concept. But in the current post-modern era, it is considered as the secondary nature of mankind. Considering clothing as an independent artwork can shed light on what the nature of concept More

Throughout history, clothing has been a powerful way of expressing a specific concept. But in the current post-modern era, it is considered as the secondary nature of mankind. Considering clothing as an independent artwork can shed light on what the nature of conceptual fashion is today, which contains a wide variety of contents. This approach can be traced back to the major dissident art movement. The period in which clothing, as an independent work of art, was considered as an item able to elevate its wearers higher than where they could previously reach with their natural gifts. The main purpose of this study is to identify the mental weaknesses of mankind and the role of conceptual clothing in stimulating, soothing, and guiding the subjects. However, the important question is: How clothing can be therapeutic for its subjects in an interactive environment? In addition to having an artistic view of clothing, which already plays a major role in influencing the subjects in the form of conceptual art, this research seeks to put forward a modern view called interactive-therapeutic clothing. The therapeutic approach to clothing as well as a recent notion stated in this research seeks to replace the notion claiming that it is only possible to have either a practical approach or an aesthetic one towards clothing. Accordingly, clothing is going to be surveyed in respect of the seven psychological functions of art attempting to eliminate the psychological weaknesses proposed by Alain de Botton and John Rutherford Armstrong. And to realise that because of the capabilities of clothing in influencing the subjects clothing is a crucial element in art as therapy. Entering the world of art would be a difficult task, though, since in recent decades clothing has been looked on as an item that can either be useful or aesthetic. Nevertheless, by knowing the importance of the existing web of connections between the phenomenological concepts and descriptions proposed by Merleau-Ponty and by generalizing this to the world of interactive performance we can get the key. the body is our observation platform already present in all of our experiences; thus, it receives some concepts like colour, space and depth. From the beginning to the end of this research conceptual clothing is regarded as an instance of art able to induce different concepts and actions on the subjects since they will have a corporeal experience of art. This experience takes place in an environment where clothing, next to the other instances of art, would be the most influential and leading element in influencing the subjects, since by wearing the clothes they are the actual performer. So clothes, the most intimate work of art to the body, can give the subjects a better understanding of some concepts by making them aware that they all own an artistic self and helping them revive their senses of creativity and innovation. This research is done through correlational and analytical studies. The data of this study has been gathered from other papers and books. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

451 - Analysis of the character of Khaled, the protagonist of the novel Neighbours, the Story of a City and the Burnt Earth by Ahmad Mahmoud from the sociological perspective of George Lukács
Fariborz Jafari Ahmadi Faramarz Shirinbayan Mohammad Saleh Amiri

The purpose of sociology of literature is to express the links between society and literature and also to reveal how social realities are reflected in literary works, especially in novels. Lukács, as one of the greatest theorists in the field of sociology of l More

The purpose of sociology of literature is to express the links between society and literature and also to reveal how social realities are reflected in literary works, especially in novels. Lukács, as one of the greatest theorists in the field of sociology of literature, tried to show the mutual influence between social structures and literary structures. He considers the novel to be a reflection of the social life of the author's era and also a product of his particular worldview. Ahmad Mahmoud is one of the realist story writers, whose main focus is to express the type of social life of the people of his time, and this issue can be seen in his works. Therefore, the three novels Neighbors, The Story of a City and Burnt Earth can be analyzed based on the sociological theory of George Lukács and the following hypotheses can be put forward: 1- Social novels can be used to reform and improve structures. and cultural-social attitudes are effective. 2- Contemporary novels can not only be a mirror of the whole society with their realistic view, but they can also influence the society from a cultural-social and even political point of view. to be influential and cause intellectual changes in their readers. 3- According to the sociological theories of George Lukács, the sociological analysis of these three novels can be a guide to identify his worldview. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

452 - A Research on the Denial of “Religious Ḍarūrī” and Its Implications in the Imāmiyyah School
behnam abasi Hussein Saberi Seyyed Mahmoud Mirnourbakhsh

The denial of Ḍarūrī (the essential component of religion) or Ghayr-i-Ḍarūrī (the non-essential component of religion) from among the rules which have certainly been issued by the Prophet of Islām and Imāms (peace upon them) is not incompatible with partial acceptanc More

The denial of Ḍarūrī (the essential component of religion) or Ghayr-i-Ḍarūrī (the non-essential component of religion) from among the rules which have certainly been issued by the Prophet of Islām and Imāms (peace upon them) is not incompatible with partial acceptance of religion and does not cause the loss of faith in Allāh and the Prophet of Islām and does not lead to disbelief. If there is mutual incompatibility between one’s denial of Ḍarūrī and his/her partial acceptance of religion (which is one of the clearest evidences of disbelief), he/she is considered to be an unbeliever; otherwise, he/she is not regarded so. Contemporary jurists do not believe in single-case causality for people’s denial of Ḍarūrī and issuing decree on their apostasy whether in terms of religion or of a particular religious school; one who rejects Ḍarūrī of Shi‘ite school is considered a non-Shi‘ite Muslim, and the commands of Muslims are carried out upon him/her. The method of research in this article is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

453 - Witnesses on the Day of Judgment based on the interpretation of Al-Burhan in Tafsir al-Qur'an
zahra mohagheghian gortani Mohammad Reza Aram Amir Tohidi

One of the valuable topics on the Day of Judgment is the witnesses of this day and the scope of their supervision. God has entrusted the supervision of the hereafter to his guardians, i.e. the prophets and messengers, and especially the Messenger of God and the infal More

One of the valuable topics on the Day of Judgment is the witnesses of this day and the scope of their supervision. God has entrusted the supervision of the hereafter to his guardians, i.e. the prophets and messengers, and especially the Messenger of God and the infallible imams. Many speeches have been made about the witnesses on the Day of Judgment, and models such as justice, goodness and moderation have been identified with the attitude towards the middle nation. Seyyed Hashem Bahrani, the author of Tafsir al-Mathur al-Burhan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, based on the verses of the Qur'an and narrative sources, has tried to identify the witnesses of the Day of Judgment. Bahrani believes that witnesses have characteristics, such as the position of infallibility and knowledge of their actions and their supervision, both in this worldly life and in the hereafter. This article tries to measure it based on the Qur'anic verses and hadiths with the descriptive-analytical method, along with examining the critical point of view about the introduction of the witnesses on the Day of Judgment. Manuscript profile

List of Articles Art

Rimag

Links

Related Centers

Technical Support

Official pages