Two methods of aerobic and combined training on biomechanics of Vessels in patients after bilateral femoral artery coronary grafting
Subject Areas : Sport Physiology
Gholamreza Rostami
1
(Department of Biological Sciences and Sports Biomechanics, Central Tehran Branch; Islamic Azad university; Tehran, Iran.)
Haider Sadeghi
2
( Department of Biological Sciences and Sports Biomechanics, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.)
Yahya Sokhanguei
3
( Department of Biological Sciences and Sports Biomechanics, Central Tehran Branch; Islamic Azad university; Tehran Iran)
Keywords: : biomechanics of vessels, Aerobic and Combined Exercise Training, Arterial Stiffness, Coronary Artery,
Abstract :
Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common causes of death in the world and its prevalence increases with age. For the purpose of cardiac rehabilitation after heart disease, performing exercise training causes functional and structural adaptations in patient’s cardiovascular system and consequently reduces mortality from related diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two methods of aerobic and combined exercise training biomechanics of blood in middle-aged patients after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study with a pre-post test design, 68 middle-aged men (mean age 56.19± 1.26 years) were studied after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery. Subjects were randomly and availably divided into 3 groups: aerobic (n =20) and combined (aerobic + resistance) (n =20) exercise training, and control groups (n =28). Subjects in the intervention groups performed 8 weeks of training/3 sessions per week. Each training session in aerobic and combined groups was considered for 40 minutes with the intensity of 70-85% heart rate reserved, and 60 minutes with the intensity of 40-80% one repetition maximum for each patient, respectively. In order to analyze the data, Leven, MANOVA and Bonferroni statistical tests were used at the significance level of P≤0.05. Results: The results of one-way MANOVA test showed that the levels of functional capacity, ejection fraction and maximal oxygen consumption were increased significantly after aerobic and combined exercise training compared to control group (p <0.05). However, Bonferroni post hoc test showed no significant differences between functional capacity, ejection fraction and maximal oxygen consumption post-test levels in aerobic and combined exercise training groups (p> 0.05). Conclusion: the findings of this study show that both aerobic and combined exercise training can improve the heart functional variables in middle-aged patients after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery, and this improvement levels appears to be independent of the types of training.
1. Ormazabal V, Nair S, Elfeky O, Aguayo C, Salomon C, Zuñiga FA. Association between insulin resistance and the development of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018 Aug 31;17(1):122. doi: 10.1186/s12933-018-0762-4. PMID: 30170598; PMCID: PMC6119242
2. Riyahi Malayeri S, Azadniya A, Rasaee M J. EFFECT OF EIGHT-WEEK HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING AND RESVERATROL INTAKE ON SERUM ADIPONECTIN AND RESISTIN IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC RATS. ijdld 2019; 18 (1) :8-1. URL: http://ijdld.tums.ac.ir/article-1-5708-en.html.
3. Keihani, D., Kargarfard, M., Mokhtari, M. Cardiac effects of exercise rehabilitation on quality of life, depression and anxiety in patients with heart failure patients. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 2014; 17(1): 13-19. doi: 10.22038/jfmh.2014.3780
4. Kusuma Venkatesh, Deepak DC, Venkatesha VT. Postmortem Study of Hearts – Pathology of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis. J Forensic Sci & Criminal Inves. 2019; 12(4): 555843. doi: 10.19080/JFSCI.2018.11.555843.
5. LaPier TK. Functional status of patients during subacute recovery from coronary artery bypass surgery. Heart Lung. 2007 Mar-Apr;36(2):114-24. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2006.09.002. PMID: 17362792.
6. Inthavong, R., Khatab, K., Whitfield, M., Collins, K., Ismail, M. and Raheem, M. The Impact of Risk Factors Reduction Scenarios on Hospital Admissions, Disability-Adjusted Life Years and the Hospitalisation Cost of Cardiovascular Disease in Thailand. Open Access Library Journal,2020; 7, 1-21. doi: 10.4236/oalib.1106160.
7. Gaieni, A. and et al, The comparison of eight weeks of combined and aerobic training on functional capacity, body composition and strength in post-coronary artery bypass graft cardiac patients. Iranian Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 2013. 2(1): p. 34-41. URL: http://journal.icns.org.ir/article-1-148-en.html
8. Ito F. Polyphenols can Potentially Prevent Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease by Modulating Macrophage Cholesterol Metabolism. Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2021;14(2): 175190.doi:10.2174/1874467213666200320153410. PMID: 32196455.
9. Masumeh Baghban Baghdadabad, et al., The effect of two methods of aerobic and parallel training on selected blood biomechanical variables in bilateral femoral artery in patients 40-65 years old after coronary angioplasty. J Rehab Med., 2019. 8(1): p. 95-102.
10. Milutinović A, Šuput D, Zorc-Pleskovič R. Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in the tunica intima, media, and adventitia of coronary arteries: An updated review. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2020 Feb 5;20(1):21-30. doi: 10.17305/bjbms.2019.4320. PMID: 31465719; PMCID: PMC7029210.
11. Otsuka F, Yasuda S, Noguchi T, Ishibashi-Ueda H. Pathology of coronary atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2016 Aug;6(4):396-408. doi: 10.21037/cdt.2016.06.01. PMID: 27500096; PMCID: PMC4960071.
12. Bauersachs R, Zeymer U, Brière JB, Marre C, Bowrin K, Huelsebeck M. Burden of Coronary Artery Disease and Peripheral Artery Disease: A Literature Review. Cardiovasc Ther. 2019 Nov 26; 2019:8295054. doi: 10.1155/2019/8295054. PMID: 32099582; PMCID: PMC7024142.
13. Song, P., et al., Global, regional, and national prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2015: an updated systematic review and analysis. Lancet Glob Health, 2019. 7(8): p. e1020-e1030. doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X (19)30255-4
14. Mangell P, Länne T, Sonesson B, Hansen F, Bergqvist D. Regional differences in mechanical properties between major arteries--an experimental study in sheep. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1996 Aug;12(2):189-95. doi: 10.1016/s1078-5884(96)80105-5. PMID: 8760981.
15. Wang JC, Bennett M. Aging and atherosclerosis: mechanisms, functional consequences, and potential therapeutics for cellular senescence. Circ Res. 2012 Jul 6;111(2):245-59. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.261388. PMID: 22773427.
16. Vecoli C, Borghini A, Andreassi MG. The molecular biomarkers of vascular aging and atherosclerosis: telomere length and mitochondrial DNA4977 common deletion. Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res. 2020 Apr-Jun; 784:108309. doi: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108309. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32430098.
17. Hajar R. Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease: Historical Perspectives. Heart Views. 2017 Jul-Sep;18(3): 109-114.doi: 10.4103/HEARTVIEWS.HEARTVIEWS_106_17. PMID: 29184622; PMCID: PMC5686931.
18. Huang G, Gibson CA, Tran ZV, Osness WH. Controlled endurance exercise training and VO2max changes in older adults: a meta-analysis. Prev Cardiol. 2005 Fall;8(4):217-25. doi: 10.1111/j.0197-3118.2005.04324. x. PMID: 16230876.
19. Soer R, Brouwer S, Geertzen JH, van der Schans CP, Groothoff JW, Reneman MF. Decline of functional capacity in healthy aging workers. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012 Dec;93(12):2326-32. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.07.009. Epub 2012 Jul 25. PMID: 22842482.
20. Roh JD, Houstis N, Yu A, Chang B, Yeri A, Li H and et al. Exercise training reverses cardiac aging phenotypes associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in male mice. Aging Cell. 2020 Jun;19(6): e13159. doi: 10.1111/acel.13159. Epub 2020 May 22. PMID: 32441410; PMCID: PMC7294786.
21. Zand S, khajehgoodari M, Rafiei M, Rafiei F. Effect of walking at home on heart functioning levels of people with heart failure. PCNM. 2016; 6 (2): 13-23.URL: http://zums.ac.ir/nmcjournal/article-1-352-en.html
22. Figueroa A, Jaime SJ, Morita M, Gonzales JU, Moinard C. L-Citrulline Supports Vascular and Muscular Benefits of Exercise Training in Older Adults. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2020 Jul;48(3):133-139. doi: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000223. PMID: 32568925.
23. Kohn JC, Chen A, Cheng S, Kowal DR, King MR, Reinhart-King CA. Mechanical heterogeneities in the subendothelial matrix develop with age and decrease with exercise. J Biomech. 2016 Jun 14;49(9):1447-1453. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.03.016. Epub 2016 Mar 16. PMID: 27020750; PMCID: PMC4885756.
24. Jamshidi L, Seif A. Comparison of cardiovascular diseases risk factors in male and female older adults of Hamadan City, 2014. joge. 2016; 1 (1) :1-10. URL: http://joge.ir/article-1-41-en.html
25. Riyahi Malayeri S, Abdolhay S, Behdari R, Hoseini M. The combined effect of resveratrol supplement and endurance training on IL-10 and TNF- α in type 2 diabetic rats. RJMS 2019; 25 (12) :140-149.URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5526-en.html.
26. Chen J, Guo Y, Gui Y, Xu D. Physical exercise, gut, gut microbiota, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Lipids Health Dis. 2018 Jan 22;17(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s12944-017-0653-9. PMID: 29357881; PMCID: PMC5778620.
27. Wisløff U, Ellingsen Ø, Kemi OJ. High-intensity interval training to maximize cardiac benefits of exercise training? Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2009 Jul;37(3):139-46. doi: 10.1097/JES.0b013e3181aa65fc. PMID: 19550205.
28. Saremi A, Farahani A A, Shavandi N. Cardiac Adaptations (Structural and Functional) to Regular Mountain Activities in Middle-aged Men. J Arak Uni Med Sci. 2017; 20 (6): 31-40.URL: http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5140-en.html
29. Ehsani AA, Ogawa T, Miller TR, Spina RJ, Jilka SM. Exercise training improves left ventricular systolic function in older men. Circulation. 1991 Jan;83(1):96-103. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.83.1.96. PMID: 1984902.
30. Abbas Saremi, Masume Sadeghi, Shahnaz Shahrjerdi, Sonia Hashemi. An eight-weeks cardiac rehabilitation program in patients with coronary artery diseases: Effects on chronic low-grade inflammation and cardiometabolic risk factors. Payesh. 2017; 16 (2) :160-169.URL: http://payeshjournal.ir/article-1-113-en.html.
31. Riyahi Malayeri, S., Saei, M. Changes in Insulin resistance and serum levels of resistin after 10 weeks high intensity interval training in overweight and obese men. Sport Physiology & Management Investigations, 2019; 10(4): 31-42. http://www.sportrc.ir/article_82662.html?lang=en
32. bahramian, A., mirzaei, B., Rahmani nia, F., karimzade, F. The Effect of Training Exercise Intensity on Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Rats with Myocardial Infarction. Journal of Sport Biosciences, 2019; 11(3): 315-326. doi: 10.22059/jsb.2019.261967.1295 11(3): p. 315-326.
33. Lee IM, Sesso HD, Oguma Y, Paffenbarger RS Jr. Relative intensity of physical activity and risk of coronary heart disease. Circulation. 2003 Mar 4;107(8):1110-6. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000052626.63602.58. PMID: 12615787.
34. Alsabah Alavizadeh N, Rashidlamir A, Hejazi S M. Effects of Eight Weeks of Cardiac Rehabilitation Training on Serum Levels of Sirtuin1 and Functional Capacity of Post- Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patients. mljgoums. 2019; 13 (2) :41-47.URL: http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1186-en.html
35. Fallahi, A., Nejatian, M., Sardari, A., Piry, H. Comparison of Two Rehabilitate Continuous and Interval Incremental Individualized Exercise Training Methods on Some Structural and Functional Factors of Left Ventricle in Heart Patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Coronary artery bypass graft. The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 2017; 6(4): 182-191. doi: 10.22037/jrm.2017.110582.1386
36. Mirnasuri R, Mokhtari G, Ebadifara M, Mokhtari Z. The effects of cardiac rehabilitation program on exercise capacity and coronary risk factors in Coronary artery bypass graft Patients aged 45-65. yafte. 2014; 15 (5) :72-81.URL: http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-1495-en.html
37. Oliveira, J.L.M., C.M. Galvão, and S.M.M. Rocha, Resistance exercises for health promotion in coronary patients: Evidence of benefits and risks. International Journal of Evidence‐Based Healthcare, 2008. 6(4): p. 431-439. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1609.2008.00114.x
38. Ghroubi S, Elleuch W, Abid L, Abdenadher M, Kammoun S, Elleuch MH. Effects of a low-intensity dynamic-resistance training protocol using an isokinetic dynamometer on muscular strength and aerobic capacity after coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2013 Mar;56(2):85-101. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2012.10.006. Epub 2012 Dec 7. PMID: 23414745.
39. Atef, H., Z. Helmy, and A. Farghaly, Effect of different types of exercise on sleep deprivation and functional capacity in middle aged patients after coronary artery bypass grafting. Sleep Science, 2020. 13(2): p. 113. DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20190136.PMCID: PMC7384528.
40. Green DJ, Hopman MT, Padilla J, Laughlin MH, Thijssen DH. Vascular Adaptation to Exercise in Humans: Role of Hemodynamic Stimuli. Physiol Rev. 2017 Apr;97(2):495-528. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00014.2016. PMID: 28151424; PMCID: PMC5539408.
