Assessing Users’ Recreational Demand in Urban Parks in Tehran with the Help of the Artificial Neural Network
Subject Areas :
1 -
2 -
3 -
4 -
Keywords: recreational demand, urban park, artificial neural network, quality of landscape, urban tourism,
Abstract :
The advantages of public green spaces are clear. However, it is hard to estimate which parks provide higher standards for users’ (both tourists and citizens) recreational demands. This study provided a model to assess recreational demands in urban parks with the help of the artificial neural network. The aim was to clarify the rules of satisfaction among the users’ recreational demands in urban parks. In 22 districts of the city of Tehran, 104 local urban parks (with a high diversity of the quality of welfare services and design) were selected. Using the user-centered viewpoint, we assessed the recreational demand. A field study from 1395 to 1396 helped to investigate the role of the urban district and park service variables in increasing the demand for urban parks. Results of trained networks showed that the artificial neural network created the best function of topology optimization with a higher coefficient of determination in three categorists of training, validation, and test data. Sensitivity analysis showed that the number of urban district parks, sports areas, cultural areas, and the quality of landscape with a sensitivity coefficient of 183.5, 58.1, 52.7, and 30.4, respectively, had the highest effect on the users’ recreational demand in urban parks. The suggested model would be a decision support system in designing urban parks. Such an approach would help improve urban development based on tourism attractions and would develop urban tourism on a broader scale.
جهانی، علی. (1395). «مدلسازی ریسک سقوط درختان چنار خطرآفرین در فضای سبز شهری». نشریه تحلیل فضایی مخاطرات محیطی. 3(4): 35-48.
جهانی، علی. و محمدی فاضل، اصغر. (1395). «مدلسازی کیفیت زیباشناختی منظر در فضای سبز شهری با استفاده از شبکه عصبی مصنوعی». نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی، دوره 69 ، شماره4، صص 951 - 963.
جهانی، علی؛ مخدوم، مجید؛ فقهي، جهانگیر و اعتماد، وحید. (1390). «تعيين كيفيت منظر و نقاط چشم¬انداز به منظور كاربري اكوتوريسم (مطالعه موردي: بخش پاتم جنگل خيرود)». پژوهشهاي محيطزيست، سال2، شماره3، صص 13-20.
خالق پناه، ریحانه و جهانی، علی. (1396). «شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر رضایتمندی گردشگران عمومی و مناطق گردشگری محور کرج-چالوس». نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی، دوره 70 ، شماره1، صص 65 تا 76.
سلیمانی، منصور؛ محمدنژاد، علی؛ خدادادی، پروین و عطایی، وحید. (1394). «سنجش رضایتمندی گردشگران از شهر مهاباد با تأکید بر گردشگری خرید». فصلنامه علمی-پژوهشی اقتصاد و مدیریت شهری، دوره3، شماره10، صص 139 تا 155.
عزیزی جلیلیان، منا؛ منصوری، فرزانه؛ روحی، مریم. و دانه کار، افشین. (1393). «شاخصهای کلیدی برای مدیریت پایدار پارکهای شهری (مطالعۀ نمونه: پارکهای شهری کرج)». نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی، دوره 67، شماره4، صص425 تا 433.
کیا، مصطفی. (1389). شبکه¬های عصبی در MATLAB. چاپ اول. تهران: کیان رایانه سبز.
محمدي، جمال. و رخشاني نسب، حميدرضا. (1390). «تحلیل رفتاری عوامل کمی و کیفی مؤثر بر جذب شهروندان به پارکهای شهری در اصفهان». فصلنامه فضاي جغرافيايي، دوره 11، شماره 34، صص 28 تا 48.
Boivin, M., & Tanguay G.A. (2019). Analysis of the determinants of urban tourism attractiveness: The case of Quebec City and Bordeaux. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 11: 67–79.
Byrne, J., & Sipe, N. (2010) Green and open space planning for urban consolidation: A review of the literature and best practice, Urban Research Program, Griffith University, 452.
Chen, C. M., Lee, H. T., Chen, S. H., & Huang, T. H. (2011). Tourist behavioral intention to service quality and customer satisfaction in Kinmen National Park, Taiwan, International Journal of Tourism Research, 13, 416-432.
Chhetri, P., & Arrowsmith, C. (2008). GIS-based modelling of recreational potential of nature-based tourist destinations. Tourism Geographies, 10(2), 233–257.
Daniel, T.C. (2001). Whither scenic beauty? Visual landscape quality assessment in the 21st century. Landscape and Urban Planning 54, 267–281.
Grahn, P., Stigsdotter, U.K. (2010). The relation between perceived sensory dimensions of urban green space and stress restoration. Landscape and Urban Planning 94, 264–275.
Hall, J., O Mahony, B., & Vieceli, J. (2010). An empirical model of attendance factors at sport sporting events, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29, 328-334.
Jackson, L.E. (2003). The relationship of urban design to human health and condition. Landscape and Urban Planning 64, 191–200.
Jahani, A. (2017). Aesthetic quality evaluation modeling of forest landscape using artificial neural network, J. of Wood & Forest Science and Technology 24(3),17-33.
Jahani, A. (2019a). Forest landscape aesthetic quality model (FLAQM): A comparative study on landscape modelling using regression analysis and artificial neural networks. Journal of Forest Science 65(2), 61-69.
Jahani, A. (2019b). Sycamore failure hazard classifcation model (SFHCM): An environmental decision support system (EDSS) in urban green spaces. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 16, 955-964.
Jahani, A.; Feghhi, J.; Makhdoum, M.F.; & Omid, M. (2016). Optimized forest degradation model (OFDM): an environmental decision support system for environmental impact assessment using an artificial neural network. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 5: 83-98
Jan, B., & Beesau, H. (2010). Construire le tourisme a l'echelle metropolitaine: Un enjeu majeur. In T. Lamand (Ed.). Ville, urbanisme & tourisme (pp. 107–113). Paris: Editions touristiques europeennes.
Kabisch, N., Qureshi, S., & Haase, D. (2015.) Human–environment interactions in urban green spaces - A systematic review of contemporary issues and prospects for future research, Environmental Impact Assessment Review 50: 25–34.
Kuo, F.E., Sullivan, W.C., Coley, R.L., & Brunson, L. (1998). Fertile ground for community: inner-city neighborhood common spaces. American Journal of Community Psychology 26 (6), 823–851.
Maas, J., van Dillen, S.M.E., Verheij, R.A., & Groenewegen, P.P. (2009). Social contacts as a possible mechanism behind the relation between green space and health. Health & Place 15, 586–595.
Maier, H., Jain, R.A., Dandy, G.C., & Sudheer, K.P. (2010). Methods Used for the Development of Neural Networks for the Prediction of Water Resource Variables in River Systems: Current Status and Future Directions. Environmental Modelling & Software 25 (8): 891_909
NeuroDimension. (2015). Neurosolutions Help book. NeuroDimension press. United States. P: 84.
Ribe, R. G. (2009). In-stand scenic beauty of variable retention harvests and mature forests in the U.S. Pacific Northwest: The effects of basal area, density, retention pattern and down wood. Journal of Environmental Management, 91, 245–260.
Sugiyama, T., Ward Thompson, C., & Alves, S. (2009). Associations between neighborhood open space attributes and quality of life for older people in Britain. Environment and Behavior 41 (1), 3–21.
Toyama, M., & Yamada, Y. (2012). The Relationships among Tourist Novelty, Familiarity, Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty: Beyond the Novelty-familiarity Continuum, International Journal of Marketing Studies; Vol. 4, No. 6: 112-131.
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, P. D. (2013). World population prospects: the 2012 revision, highlights and advance tables. ESA/P/WP.228.
Vali, A., Ramesht, M., Seif, A., & Ghazavi, R. (2012). An Assessment of the Artificial Neural Networks Technique to Geomorphologic Modeling Sediment Yield (Case Study Samandegan River System). Geography and Environmental Planning Journal 22 (4): 19_34
Van Aalst, I., & van Melik, R. (2012). City festivals and urban development: Does place matter? European Urban and Regional Studies, 19(2), 195–206.
Van den Berg, A.E., Maas, J., Verheij, R.A., & Groenewegen, P.P. (2010). Green space as a buffer between stressful life events and health. Social Science & Medicine 70, 1203–1210.
Velarde, M.D., Fry, G., & Tveit, M. (2007). Health effects of viewing landscapes – landscape types in environmental psychology. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 6, 199–212.
Ward Thompson, C. (2002). Urban green space in the 21st century. Landscape and Urban Planning 60, 59–72.
Zhang, H., Chen, B., Sun, Z., & Bao, Z. (2013). Landscape perception and recreation needs in urban green space in Fuyang,Hangzhou, China, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 12: 44– 52.