Anxiety and Political Action (Case Study: The Boy Students of Law and Political Science Faculty, University of Tehran)
Subject Areas : Research in Theoritical PoliticsAliapshraf Nazari 1 , Hanif Amoozadeh Mahdiraji 2
1 -
2 - Tehran University
Abstract :
The impact of human emotions not only effect on their daily life, but also influence on political behavior. Hence, high ranked of mass people or politicians make decisions based on their emotions. It is not reasonable to believe that people`s reaction based on their logical thinking. Some psychological factors such as anxiety (As an effective factor inside humans) could make people`s behaviors in their lifecycle. therefore, human`s political believes will also be affected by these motivators. In paper, this issue has recognized that anxiety has a dual effect on different levels of political behaviors. In one aspect, increase in anxiety will make direct effect on political behavior, and on the other hand, if anxiety breaks its red line, it will have decreasing effect on political behavior of society by motivating defensive mechanisms, and as a result society isolation and surveillance will appear. By using proper tools, defensive mechanisms could be controlled and political behavior of the society will turn back to its equilibrium point. Finally a dynamic system model has been described for this purpose.
آذر، عادل و منصور مؤمني (1385) آمار و کاربرد آن در مديريت، جلد دوم، چاپ دهم، تهران، سمت.#
اتکينسون، ريتال و ديگران (1388) زمينه روان¬شناسي هيلگارد، ترجمۀ محمدنقي براهني و ديگران، تهران، رشد.#
اصلاحچی، مرتضی (1387) «پیش¬بینی¬ناپذیری کنش سیاسی ایرانیان»، ماهنامه گزارش، سال هفدهم، شماره 200، ص 29.#
پروچاسکا، جيمز و جان نورکراس (1387) نظريه¬هاي روان¬درماني، ترجمۀ يحيي سيد محمدي، چاپ پنجم، تهران، رشد.#
جعفری¬نژاد، مسعود و دیگران (1390) «تحلیل رفتار انتخاباتی (مطالعۀ موردی: دهمین دوره ریاست جمهوری حوزۀ انتخابیه هریس)»، فصلنامه تحقیقات سیاسی و بین¬المللی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهررضا، صص 159-208.#
شفيع¬آبادي، عبدالله و غلامرضا ناصري (1365) نظريه¬هاي مشاوره و روان¬درماني، تهران، مرکز دانشگاهي.#
شولتز، دوان و سيدني شولتز (1389) نظريه¬هاي شخصيت، ترجمۀ يحيي سيد محمدي، چاپ هفدهم، تهران، مؤسسه نشر ویرایش.#
فتحي آشتياني، علي (1385) مقدمه¬اي بر روان¬شناسي سياسي، چاپ ششم، تهران، مؤسسه بعثت.#
فيست، جس و گريگوري فيست (1387) نظريه¬هاي شخصيت، ترجمۀ يحيي سيد محمدي، چاپ سوم، تهران، روان.#
کاتم، مارتا و ديگران (1386) مقدمه¬اي بر روان¬شناسي سياسي، ترجمۀ کمال خرازي و جواد علاقبندراد، تهران، مرکز دانشگاهي.#
کچوئیان، حسین و عبدالحسین کلانتری (1393) «مفهوم¬سازی گفتمانی جنبش دانشجویی در ایران (مطالعۀ موردی: دفتر تحکیم وحدت)»، فصلنامه سیاست، شماره 30، صص 219- 249.#
کورتز، نورمن (1386) آمار در علوم اجتماعي، ترجمۀ حبيب¬الله تيموري، چاپ پنجم، تهران، ني.#
لوبون، گوستاو (1371) روان¬شناسي توده¬ها، ترجمۀ کيومرث خواجوي¬ها، تهران، روشنگران.#
محمدی¬فر، نجات و دیگران (1392) «بررسی عوامل اجتماعی - اقتصادی مؤثر بر رفتار انتخاباتی، با تأکید بر انتخابات ریاست¬جمهوری نهم و دهم (مطالعۀ موردی: شهر کرمانشاه)»، فصلنامه دانش سیاسی و بین¬المللی، شماره پنجم، صص 115-136.#
Augoustinos, Martha and Katherine J, Reynolds, (2001) Understanding Prejudice, Racism and Social Conflict, London, Sage Publications.#
Brack, C.#, & Zhang, X (2005) "Anxiety, Depression, and Goal-Seeking in Conversation, Liberals, and Moderates", Available at, http،//neuropolitics.#org/Anxiety-Depression-and-Goal-Seeking-in-Conservatives-Liberals-Moderates.#html, (Last visited, 2 August 2012)
Flavin, P.#, & Keane, M, J (2012) "Life Satisfaction and Political Participation, Evidence from the United States", Journal of Happiness Studies, Vol.#13, pp, 63-78
Krueger, B, S (2005) "Government Surveillance and Political Participation on the Internet", Social Science Computer Review, Vol.#23, No.#4, pp, 439-452
Krueger, B, S.#, & Best, S, J (2011) "Government Monitoring and Political Participation in the United States, The Distinct Roles of Anger and Anxiety", American Politics Research, Vol.#39, No.#1, pp.#85-118
Lane, R, E (1983) "Political Observers and Market Participants, the Effects on Cognition", Political Psychology, Vol.#4, No.#3, pp.#455-482
Lenz, G.#, & McDonald, J, S (2008) "Reassessing the Role of Anxiety in Vote Choice", Political Psychology, Vol.#29, No.#2, pp.#275-296
Markus, G (1982) "Political attitudes during an election year, A report on the 1980 NEW panel study", American Political Science Review, Vol.#76, pp.#538-560
Markus, G.#, & Converse, P (1979) "A dynamic simultaneous equation model of electoral choice", American Political Science Review, Vol.#73, pp.#1055-1070
Marcus, G.#, & MacKuen, M (1983) "Anxiety, enthusiasm, and the vote, The emotional underpinning of learning and involvement during presidential campaigns", American Political Science Review, Vol.#87, No.#3, pp.#672-685
Marcus, G.#, & Neuman, W, R.#, & MacKuen, M (2000) Affective intelligence and political judgment, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.#
Marcus, G.#, & Sullivan, J, L.#, & Theiss-Morse, E.#, & Stevens, D (2005) "The Emotional Foundation of Political Cognition, The Impact of Extrinsic Anxiety on the Formation of Political Tolerance Judgment", Political Psychology, Vol.#26, No.#6, pp.#949-963
Marcus, G.#, & Wolak, J (2007) "Personality and Emotional Response, Strategic and Tactical Responses to Changing Political Circumstances", The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol.#614, pp.#172-195
Mashayekhi, M (2001) "The Revival of the Student Movement in Post-Revolutionary Iran", International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, Vol.#15, No.#2, pp.#283-313, Available at, http،//www.#jstor.#org/stable/20020116
McGraw, K, M (2000) "Contributions of the Cognitive Approach to Political Psychology", Political Psychology, Vol.#21, No.#4, pp.#805-832
Merolla, J, L.#, & Zechmeister, E, J (2009) "Terrorist Threat, Leadership, and the Vote, Evidence from Three Experiments", Political Behave, Vol.#31, pp.#575-601.#
Miller, J, M.#, & Krosnik, J, A (2004) "Threat as a Motivator of Political Activism, A Field Experiment", Political Psychology, Vol.#25, No.#4, pp.#507-523
Peterson, S, A (1986) "Death Anxiety and Politics", Journal of Death and Dying, Vol.#17, pp.#74-169
Pratto, Felicio (2004) Authoritarian Closed-Mindedness Personality, Encyclopedia of Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, Sage Publication10 Apr, 2010, <http،//www.#Sage reference.#com/processes/article-n15.#html>.#
Stearns, P, N.#, & Stearns, C, Z (1985) "Emotionology, Clarifying the History of Emotion and Emotional Standards", American Historical Association, Vol.#90, No.#4, pp.#813-836.#
Stolle, D.#, & Hooghe, M.#, & Micheletti, M (2005) "Politics in the Supermarket, Political Consumerism as a Form Political Participation", International Political Science Review, Vol.#26, No.#3, pp.#245-269.#
Woodward, C.# vann & Roper, John Herbert (1956) Southerner, Athens: University of Georgia Press.#
