Urban Catalyst: Concepts and Requirements
Subject Areas :
Nahid Nematikutenaee
1
()
Farzaneh Salami
2
()
farideh Asadian
3
()
Keywords: : Urban Regeneration, Brownfield, Urban Catalyst Projects, 4Ps model or Public-Private-People Partnership ,
Abstract :
Today, urban transformations have led to general changes due to increasing sensitivities to human and environmental well-being. So far, there have been many approaches to urban transformation that most notably of them include urban revitalization, urban redevelopment, and urban regeneration. Regeneration approach has a more comprehensive and integrated vision for solving urban problems, especially Brownfield which has many opportunities for urban transformation and improving people's quality of life. But its regeneration faces challenges in clean-up and redevelopment. To overcome these challenges, the strategy of urban catalyst can be applied due to being an instrument within the strategies of urban transformation that comes out of the texture and rehabilitates that. This research presents the concepts and basic requirements of urban catalyst projects and their planning (political, management and leadership, legal, economic, social and environmental), design (underlying factors, Sense of location and identity) and implementation (4Ps model or public-private-people partnership) components for the acceleration of urban development. At the end, with the knowledge that every city has unique characteristic and it is not possible to adopt a single instruction for all cities, however, regarding to the global experiences, a common Brownfield regeneration process with the help of urban catalyst projects is presented by a proposed model in this study. If projects are understood and developed in accordance with what the city needs, they can deeply affect on the inefficient urban areas regeneration especially Brownfield.
1. آژانس حفاظت از محیط¬زیست آمریکا (2006)،United States Environmental Protection Agency | US EPA https://www.epa.gov/؛
2. بحرینی، سیدحسین؛ محمدسعید ایزدیمهر؛ انوش مفیدی (1393)، رویکردها و سیاست‌های نوسازی شهری (از بازسازی تا بازآفرینی شهری پایدار). فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی مطالعات شهری. شماره نهم. زمستان 1392؛
3. پوراحمد، احمد؛ کیومرث حبیبی؛ مهناز کشاورز (1389)، سير تحول مفهوم¬شناسي بازآفريني شهري به¬عنوان رويکردي نو در بافت¬هاي فرسودة شهري. فصلنامه مطالعات شهری ایرانی اسلامی؛
4. حاجیپور، خلیل (1386)، مقدمهای بر سیر تحول و تکیون رویکردهای مرمت شهری (دوره زمانی بعد از جنگ جهانی اول تا آغاز هزاره سوم)، اندیشه ایرانشهر، فصلنامهای در زمینه شهرشناسی. سال دوم. شماره نهم و دهم؛
5. سجادزاده، حسن؛ سجاد زلفی¬گل (1393)، طراحی شهری در بازآفرینی محلات سنتی با رویکرد محرک توسعه نمونه موردی: محله کلپا همدان. فصلنامه آمایش محیط شماره 31. صص 147-171؛
6. صباغی، عاطفه. (1392)، تدوین ساز و کار به¬کارگیری بازآفرینی شهری در مواجهه با بافتهای فرسوده شهری مطالعه موردی: محله جولان شهر همدان. پژوهشهای شهری هفت¬حصار. شماره چهارم. سال اول. تابستان 1392؛
7. نوفل، سیدعیلرضا؛ پارین کلبادی (1392)، بازتوسعه زمینهای قهوهای، رهیافتی به سوی توسعه محلی پایدار. نشریه علمی- پژوهشی انجمن علمی معماری و شهرسازی ایران. شماره 5 تابستان 1392؛
8. ADB (Asian Development Bank).(2006), Public_Private partnership handbook;
9. Attoe, Wayne and Donn Logan. (1989), American Urban Architecture: Catalysts in the Design of Cities. Berkeley: University of California Press;
10. Bartsch, C., Deane, R., and Dorfman, B. (2001), Brownfields State of the States: An End-of-Session Review of Initiatives and Program Impacts in the 50 States. Washington: Northeast-Midwest Institute;
11. Blokhuis, E.G.J., Schaefer, W.F., van Gogh, N. & Kleine, A.J. (2008), choosing competence based governance role in Brownfield development. Brownfields IV, 243-253;
12. Bohannon L, Cermetrius. (2004), the urban catalyst concept. Wendy Jacobson. Blacksburg, Virginia. April 27;
13. Caves, R. W. (Ed.) (2005a), Encyclopedia of the City. New York, NY: Routledge. 471–473, 483–486, 491–493;
14. Francin, Kate Issima. (2015), URBAN CATA LYST. Supervised Research Project Submitted to Prof. Raphaël Fichler. School of Urban Planning. McGill University. May;
15. Glumac, B., Han, Q., Schaefer, W. & Van der Karbben, E. (2015). Negotiation issues in forming Public private partnerships for brownfield regeneration: applying a game theoretical experiment. Land Use Policy, 47, 66-77;
16. Hopkins. C. Benjamin.C. And Carter. A (1997), Regeneration some legal and practical issues BURA. London;
17. Kongsombat, Prin (2010), Study on urban catalyst for sustainable urban development case study of IMS/Solaria Plaza Hotel II Palazzo;
18. MacCarthy. j (2002), "The Brownfield Dual Land-Use Policy Challenge: Reducing Barriers To riveted Redevelopment While Connecting Reuse to Broader Community Goals". Land use policy. Available at 10TUwww.Elsvier.com;
19. Ng, S.T., Wong, J.M.W. & Wong, K.K.W (2013), A public private partnership (P4) process framework for infrastructure development in Hong Kong. Cities 31 (2013), 370-381;
20. Oswalt, P., Overmeyer, K., & Misselwitz, P. (2013), urban catalyst: the power of temporary use. Berlin: DOM;
21. Pennsylvania, (2014),"Brownfield development quide", department of environmental protection;
22. Perjo, Lissa. Chritian Fredricson. Sandra Oliveria e Costa. (2016), Public Private People Partnerships in Urban Planning. Integrated Planning and Partnership Modle for Brownfield Regeneration. Baltic Urban Lab. Working Paper;
23. Pierre, J (2011), the Politics of Urban Governance. New York: Palgrave Macmillan;
24. Roberts, Peter W. Sykes Hugh. (2000), urban regeneration: a handbook. London; Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE;
25. Solitare, L. & Lowrie, K. (2012), Increasing the capacity of community development corporations for brownfield development: an inside-out approach. Local Environment, 17(4), 461-479;
26. Sternberg, E. (2000), An Integrative Theory of Urban Design. Journal of the American Planning Association, 66(3), 265-278. Sternfeld, J. (2001), Portfolio—the High Line. Places, 14(2), 56;
27. Sternberg, Ernest Spring (2002),“What Makes Buildings Catalytic? How Cultural Facilities Can Be Designed To Spur Surrounding Development” Journal of Architecture and Planning Research pgs 42-30 Chicago: Locke Science Publishing;
28. Thornton.g ,and Martin Franz,and David Edwards,(2007), "The Challenge Of Sustainability:Incentives For Brownfield Regeneration In Europe". Environmental Science & policy. Avalilable at 10TUwww.Elsvier.com;
29. Walkowiak, E., & Frazier, D. (2000), Brownfields redevelopment as a catalyst for creating sustainable cities. (pp. 113-122).
