Islam

Open Access Article

1 - Designing an initiative model for development of Islamic Azad universities based on its requirements
Leila Abdoli

The purpose of this research was to design a model for the development of curriculum innovation in Tehran's Azad universities, conducted qualitatively and quantitatively. The statistical population of all senior managers and deputies and faculty members and professors o More

The purpose of this research was to design a model for the development of curriculum innovation in Tehran's Azad universities, conducted qualitatively and quantitatively. The statistical population of all senior managers and deputies and faculty members and professors of different disciplines of Islamic Azad University of Tehran units was that the samples in the qualitative section of 38 people (target-shotgun sampling) and in the small part of 280 people were randomly selected (A population of 3500 people). Data collection tools were open in the qualitative section of the interview (validity validity was confirmed by the professors and reliability with re-test and internal-consensus method 89.99%) and in the quantitative part of the researcher-made questionnaire (verified by experts and reliability of alpha Cronbach was 75%). The findings showed that the development of standards, regulations and regulations, the design of incentive financial and non-financial mechanisms, the creation of the infrastructure and technology infrastructure, the implementation and application of technology, optimization of initiative processes, the use of efficient manpower, the creation of competitive advantage, internal and external communication Appropriate organization, assessment and monitoring of the environment and appropriate academic culture are key factors in building an innovative university. The results show that in order to create a creative and innovative environment, each of the legal-supportive, behavioral-communicative, identity-cultural, technological-technological, as well as human-financial-based models should be optimized and in the framework of the interactions between these factors Equipped with the right balance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The Role of Islamic Life Adherence, Marital Intimacy, and Attitude toward Infidelity in Predicting Marital Commitment
Nezamoddin Ghasemi Mohamad Hosein Zareii Maede Ayati Behnaz Ertezaii

10.52547/Fsh.1.1.17

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Islamic lifestyle adherence, marital intimacy and attitude towards infidelity in predicting marital commitment of married women in Isfahan. This is a descriptive-analytical study in the field of correlation and r More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Islamic lifestyle adherence, marital intimacy and attitude towards infidelity in predicting marital commitment of married women in Isfahan. This is a descriptive-analytical study in the field of correlation and regression studies. The statistical population includes all married women of Isfahan city with at least 2 years and up to 3 years of marriage in winter of 1397. Using the available sampling method, 39 married women were selected and the Kaviani Islamic Lifestyle Questionnaire (ILST), Marital Intimacy Needs (Bagarozzi,2014) , Mark Wattley's Infidelity Attitude (2006) and Adams & Jones Marital Commitment (DCI) were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS-24 software and simultaneous regression. The results showed that between Islamic lifestyle and marital intimacy (r = 0/296 and sig = 0/067), Islamic lifestyle and marital commitment (r = 0/47 and sig = 0/003), marital intimacy and marital commitment (r = 0/688, Sig = 0.000), There was a significant positive relationship (P <0.01) and also between the Islamic lifestyle and attitude to infidelity (r = -0/37 and sig=0/021 ), Marital intimacy, and attitude to infidelity (r = -0/396 and sig=0/013 )and attitude to infidelity and marital commitment (r = -0/443 and sig=0/005 ) have a significant negative relationship (P <0.01). The results of regression analysis showed that the three variables of an Islamic lifestyle, marital intimacy and attitude to infidelity, can explain 1% of the variance in marital commitment (P <0.01). In addition to the Islamic lifestyle, marital intimacy (Sig = 0.000 and Sig = 0.042) had a significant relationship with marital commitment, and the magnitude of this effect is (Beta = 0.257 and Beta = 0/562). A: It can be said that adherence to a lifestyle based on Islamic teachings is also related to increasing marital intimacy and improving attitudes to infidelity and marital commitment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The geographical range of Islamic civilization
naser sadeghiean hossein rahmanitirkalai

Islamic civilization is a religious civilization, all elements of which are centered on Islam. As Madina al-Nabi, the new city of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessing be upon him), was founded on this basis and created a civilization based on the Quran and Sunnah. The I More

Islamic civilization is a religious civilization, all elements of which are centered on Islam. As Madina al-Nabi, the new city of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessing be upon him), was founded on this basis and created a civilization based on the Quran and Sunnah. The Islamic conquest led to the confrontation of Muslim jihadis with the peoples of other regions such as Iran, Damascus, North Africa, Egypt and Andalusia. As a result of territorial expansion and the development of areas under the influence of Islamic caliphate, most of the elements of civilization were changed, and Islam was developed with immutable and flexible principles in the conquered territories. The result of this encounter and the combination of Islam with other cultures of various nations was a valuable civilization that was initiated in Medina al-Nabi, but in lands such as Iran, Mesopotamia , the Levant, Egypt and Spain. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Studying perception of 20th district of Tehran from features of Islamic urban area
ماندانا حبیبی Hosein Mojtabazadeh

From the beginning of the formation of the Islamic government, this religious school has always emphasized in the sacred books and the narrations of its elders about respect for Muslim communities and the necessity of communication between them. The outstanding manifes More

From the beginning of the formation of the Islamic government, this religious school has always emphasized in the sacred books and the narrations of its elders about respect for Muslim communities and the necessity of communication between them. The outstanding manifestation of these concepts has emerged in the cities of the early centuries of Islam. This has led the Islamic city as a space for the development of other Islamic fundamental principles and principles. However, with the emergence of modern thinking and the emergence of numerous movements, we see that many of these concepts have been met with considerable damage. This is considerably more significant in neighborhoods with a rich historical, religious, and civilian background, and its inhabitants can face the challenges of identity. The 20th district of Tehran is also one of the most valuable areas for this study, with the aim of measuring the readings of its inhabitants from the perspective of the Islamic city. Following the extraction of indices and sub-indexes related to the Islamic city from the opinions of experts and the conceptual modeling of the research, using the design and distribution of 50 questionnaires in the spectrum of 5 likert options, the characteristic The findings of the Islamic city were derived from the perceptions of the inhabitants of the 20th area using inferential statistics. The results of the findings suggest the fact that from the viewpoint of citizens, the most vulnerable factors that led to the deterioration of the quality of the 20th district of Tehran from the Islamic point of view were physical and environmental factors, and social and value factors are at a later stage. have. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Obstacles to developing Iran’s Cultural strategy in geo-culture of the Islamic world (Case Study: Saudi Arabia)
Mohammad

In the Contemporary era, world of Islam is faced with violence, instability and suppression of freedom. Saudi Arabia plays a very important role in maintaining these conditions. Saudi prevents the spread of Iranian cultural strategies in the Muslim world. Therefore, the More

In the Contemporary era, world of Islam is faced with violence, instability and suppression of freedom. Saudi Arabia plays a very important role in maintaining these conditions. Saudi prevents the spread of Iranian cultural strategies in the Muslim world. Therefore, the question arises why the Saudis are trying to prevent the spread of Iran cultural policies in geo-culture of the Islamic world? Many to answer the question highlight the differences between Shia and Sunni. But we will prove that Iran's cultural strategies arising from its role as Umm al-Qura and based on this role, Iran wants to change the status quo the Muslim world. So, one of the main duties of Iran is supporting of all the Muslims to create unity in geo-culture of the Islamic world. For this reason Saudi Arabia is trying to prevent the unity of the Islamic world through actions such as the spread of Wahhabism and Iran phobia. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Recognition of the religious approach in the field of women's employment in Iran: challenges, opportunities and Policy options
Nader MotiHaghshenas

10.52547/.2.1.35

Women's employment has always been discussed in various dimensions. The creation of paradox in the field of women's employment has raised questions among thinkers in the economic, social, moral, and religious spheres. The argument of this article is to see what is Islam More

Women's employment has always been discussed in various dimensions. The creation of paradox in the field of women's employment has raised questions among thinkers in the economic, social, moral, and religious spheres. The argument of this article is to see what is Islam's approach to women's employment? What are the obstacles and challenges facing the issue of women's employment in an Islamic society? This research has tried to analyze the economic and living conditions of women by documenting the systematic and exploratory study by reviewing the systematic studies conducted in this field and the theoretical considerations taken from the Islamic point of view, emphasizing its adaptation to the original religious teachings in Islamic Iran. Pay attention to the main purpose. The findings show that although Islam has given women the principle of economic independence, women are both the owners of their labor and production and have no responsibility for the family's economy, but in the context of handing over labor to women in Islam, the interests of society, the family It also takes into account individual circumstances and issues, which create limitations for women's work. Certificates of cognitive population show that women's economic participation has increased from 12.93 percent in the 1976 census to 16 percent in the 2016 census, indicating a change in the participation of women in the Islamic economy, a change in their personal and social identities. An increase in the number of female graduates, women’s employment in different economic sectors and increase in women's activity in management sectors compared to previous decades indicate a significant growth. However, the lack of equal opportunities in favor to men to find jobs, lower wages than men and the unemployment rate of women, especially in higher education, the existence of some social and cultural restrictions on women's employment, attitudes and misconceptions. Compared to the competence of women in various jobs, the expansion of gender inequality in access to resources and the consequent increase in harm due to the lack of readiness and recognition of society are the main concern and challenge of women's employment in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Comparison and Analysis of Post-Colonial Manifestations in Tayeb Salih “Season of Migration to the North” and Simin Daneshvar “Savushun” Novels
Reza ناظميان maryam shokuhinia

The effect of colonialism on the Third World is always under consideration in works of worldwide authors and poets. Post-Colonial Literature attempts to fight against colonialism by offering a true picture and clarifying the truth behind the matter. One of the most cert More

The effect of colonialism on the Third World is always under consideration in works of worldwide authors and poets. Post-Colonial Literature attempts to fight against colonialism by offering a true picture and clarifying the truth behind the matter. One of the most certain purposes of Post-Colonialism theory is to understand the method of Colonialism approach in forming identities of colonialist and colonized to fight against this ideology. Iran and Sudan are among the countries that were under predominance of colonialism in some past periods. “Simin Daneshvar” and “Tayeb Salih” are among the contemporary Iranian and Sudanese authors who use Post-Colonialism novel framework to unmask and uncover historical truths about fighting against colonialists. Current study reviews and examines mentioned novels in their own time with Post-Colonialism point of view; it also examines consequences of Colonialism in Iran and Arab World using Analytic-Descriptive method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - An Approach in Criticism and Analysis of Islamic Revolution Novels Focusing on Criticizing Novels by Reza Amir Khani
fateme shekardast fateme kouppa mostafa gorji محمدرضا سنگری

The study is a meta-analysis and a special current to arrive at the quality of presence in Persian Fictional Literature i.e. “Islamic Revolution Literature”. This meta-analysis has a functionalist direction that in triangle of bibliography, movement-graphy, and patholog More

The study is a meta-analysis and a special current to arrive at the quality of presence in Persian Fictional Literature i.e. “Islamic Revolution Literature”. This meta-analysis has a functionalist direction that in triangle of bibliography, movement-graphy, and pathology seeks to arrive at an analytic method in reviewing criticisms to access the universal perspective in domain of criticism which explains the rate of presence in a special literary current in the environment of Iran Fiction Literature. Moreover, the meta-analysis can be effective in correct identifying of criticism, monitoring its weaknesses and fortes and introducing the gaps and harms of criticism. The under review sample in this meta-analysis contain the novels of “Reza Amir Khani” as one of the most famous author of Islamic Revolution Literary Current and assesses the function of these novels through the quality and quantity perspective of critics. Introduction defines Islamic Revolution Literature, its criticism and functions and the indicatives of the criticism of the criticism. Then the author and novels are introduced and their critics (in form of research article, promotive article, special article, descriptive article and hobby article) are reviewed and analyzed; then these analyses are meta-analyzed from different perspectives and finally stated in form of tables and charts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The Comparison and Analysis of Post-Colonial Manifestations in Tayeb Salih “Season of Migration to the North” and Simin Daneshvar “Savushun” Novels
Reza ناظميان maryam shokuhinia

The effect of colonialism on the Third World is always under consideration in works of worldwide authors and poets. Post-Colonial Literature attempts to fight against colonialism by offering a true picture and clarifying the truth behind the matter. One of the most cert More

The effect of colonialism on the Third World is always under consideration in works of worldwide authors and poets. Post-Colonial Literature attempts to fight against colonialism by offering a true picture and clarifying the truth behind the matter. One of the most certain purposes of Post-Colonialism theory is to understand the method of Colonialism approach in forming identities of colonialist and colonized to fight against this ideology. Iran and Sudan are among the countries that were under predominance of colonialism in some past periods. “Simin Daneshvar” and “Tayeb Salih” are among the contemporary Iranian and Sudanese authors who use Post-Colonialism novel framework to unmask and uncover historical truths about fighting against colonialists. Current study reviews and examines mentioned novels in their own time with Post-Colonialism point of view; it also examines consequences of Colonialism in Iran and Arab World using Analytic-Descriptive method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Social Aspects of Islamic Sufism, and Public Interactions within it (With a Look at the Relationships between Sufism and the Sects of ‘Javanmardan’, ‘Malamatiyeh’ and ‘Ghalandariyeh’)
علی‌اکبر کیوانفر

Islamic Sufism which first developed with a devout and mortification-oriented approach, gradually, and in accordance with the needs of the time inclined towards theorization with main focus on issues like ‘sincerity of intention’ and ‘love and self-devotion. This new a More

Islamic Sufism which first developed with a devout and mortification-oriented approach, gradually, and in accordance with the needs of the time inclined towards theorization with main focus on issues like ‘sincerity of intention’ and ‘love and self-devotion. This new approach caused Sufi teachings to be more practical in its relation to the society. Since the sects of ‘futuwwa or javanmardan’ (the Generous, chivalry, generosity; literally 'youth'), ‘malamatiyeh’ (the people of blame, self-scrutiny) and ‘qalandariyeh’ (the folk of liberal interpretation of Shari’a), illustrate parts of the popular domain of Sufism, to study them can help to figure out social characteristics of Sufism. As the teachings of ‘the generous’ were linked with the principles of Suffism, it appeared as a school for teaching piety, and asceticism to the public. On the other hand, the influence of the generous on suffi folks raised the possibility of criticism among the discourses in the scope of Islamin Suffism. ‘Malamatiyeh’ can be considered as a trail for ‘the generous’, developed to stop the corruption among the ascetics. Firmness of the theoretical framework of the inter-discourse criticism resulted in strengthening its practicality, and the development of the movement of ‘qalandarieh’ against artificial and hypocritical asceticism. Manuscript profile

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11 - Semiotic – Semantic Analysis of Farsi Political Novels during 1351 – 1380
mostafa gorji

One of the streams of contemporary story-writing is political one. Titles of political fictions regarding their theme are worth more consideration than any other types of streams, to the extent that studying political fiction with focus on their titles- as meaningful an More

One of the streams of contemporary story-writing is political one. Titles of political fictions regarding their theme are worth more consideration than any other types of streams, to the extent that studying political fiction with focus on their titles- as meaningful and autonomous units- is a type of criticism of fiction the main goal of which is mostly to explore the dominant political thought of the text. Here in this article, the author has studied titles of nearly 100 political fictions with a semiotic and semantic approach. The corpus includes 22 stories published in 1350’s, 33 stories in 1360’s, and 46 stories in 1370’s. While %9 of the titles are linguistically simple, % 86 are compound. This comes from the fact that author’s try to attract the readers’ attentions to their works; moreover, the very nature of this literary genre entails ambiguity and obscurity. An epistemological look at the corpus reveals that about %30 of titles include the words expressing senses like human suffering. As for the political fictions of 1360’s, it amounts to %45. In semiotic – semantic analysis of the titles one more consideration was made due to the kind of oppositions in titles of different periods: Titles chosen for the stories in a period may be suggestive of dynamism, and freedom, while at another period they may imply inaction, and captivity. Manuscript profile

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12 - Dignity of Science in Islamic World and its Reflection in Persian Literature
مهدي محقق

Due to its intrinsic dignity, science has been taken seriously in Islamic world; it has been presented attractive, pleasant and instructive apophthegms about its Value and respect, and dignity of scientists. Partly, these excellent apophthegm found their ways in to mind More

Due to its intrinsic dignity, science has been taken seriously in Islamic world; it has been presented attractive, pleasant and instructive apophthegms about its Value and respect, and dignity of scientists. Partly, these excellent apophthegm found their ways in to minds and speeches of literary scientists and sophisticated literary men and thereby beautiful verses and words in deference to seience and scientists created. This short essay addresses Islamic faith and beliefs of science dignity reflections in Persian literature. Manuscript profile

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13 - Theological analysis of Exclusive Prophecy in Sanayi's "Hadiqat"
Ahmad Khatami

Despite all the attempts made by researchers on the interpretation and analysis of the Persian versified texts and works, including Sanayi's works and especially his book “Hadiqat-Al Haqiqat”, still there ought to be a lot more research done on the study of most of the More

Despite all the attempts made by researchers on the interpretation and analysis of the Persian versified texts and works, including Sanayi's works and especially his book “Hadiqat-Al Haqiqat”, still there ought to be a lot more research done on the study of most of the verse texts; including the mystical verse texts as well. Most of the mystical works have the potential for further survey, and from other aspects in addition to the mystical aspect; one of which can be the theological survey of such works. Obviously, Sanayi, and the mystical-spirited poets after him that have mostly been influenced by his thoughts, style, ideas and methods and manners as well, have all expressed deep theological insights along with mystical issues in their works. Actually, without access to these thoughts and ideas, which shows the basics of their faith and belief principles, a precise evaluation and survey of their mystical position becomes impossible. The present article intends to make a theological study of the exclusive prophecy from the perspective of the Islamic dialectics, search and inspect the same issue in Hadiqat-Al Haqiqat. Then it reveals Sanayi's approach towards the dear Prophet Mohammad, evaluates, and finally analyzes the findings with the well-known theological findings of his own time. In the final section it means to show what Sanayi followed due to the subject of the religious theological topic and in which parts he has offered his own point of view or refused to follow the special religious ideas in particular cases. Manuscript profile

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14 - Jahez and his viewpoints importance to Iranian – Islamic criticism and literature
حسن شاهی‌پور

Undoubtedly, Jahez is a prominent and unique figure among the founders of Islamic culture and literature. His extensive information, deep knowledge and special attitude toward literature and its arts resulted in his prominent personality. In addition to his general know More

Undoubtedly, Jahez is a prominent and unique figure among the founders of Islamic culture and literature. His extensive information, deep knowledge and special attitude toward literature and its arts resulted in his prominent personality. In addition to his general knowledge and command of literature and Islamic sciences, he is unique figure in literature criticism, especially in rhetoric criticism. Although much attentions have not been paid to his works and ideas in Islamic civilization and especially in Farsi language environment, most of the theoreticians of the rhetoric and poets and writers interested in rhetoric have been considerably affected by Jahez’s ideas. He has some new and considerable ideas in the areas of the origins of poetry and the reasons of its emergence, the characteristics of good poetry and speeches, the distinction of meaning and speech and the features of structure and content and context, the psychology of poetry and poems, the reasons for nations’ different approaches toward poetry and prose and nonexistence of some in forms of writing. He has some new numerous ideas upon etymology, comparative phonetics, semantics and the likes whose understanding and interpretation give a new life to the Persian literature and Islam theoreticians. Although he has created more than 360 works, his literature related ideas have been stipulated in his two books of “Albayan o Altabyeen” and “Alhayvan” and he also has created some independent literature theses. This article is aimed at revealing two points: first, analyzing, interpreting, classifying and studying Jahez’s literature and criticism works and expressing his status as the founder of rhetoric sciences. Second, the deep and extensive impact of Jahez on Iranian thinkers especially its writers and poets and literature criticism and rhetoric approaches because the writer believes that rhetoric approach has been the most important literature criticism in Persian language and literature and Jahez is the founder of rhetoric sciences in Iran – Islam world. Manuscript profile

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15 - NEGATING GOOD-NAME AND PRAISING BAD-NAME BY SUFFIS
Reza Shajari

Runing away of good-name and praising of bad-name and public disgrace, is one of the characteristics of libertine school and amatory mysticism which is emphasized in sayings of mystics, works of poets and behaviour of libertines. The cloth of famousness, is a troublefu More

Runing away of good-name and praising of bad-name and public disgrace, is one of the characteristics of libertine school and amatory mysticism which is emphasized in sayings of mystics, works of poets and behaviour of libertines. The cloth of famousness, is a troublefull finding which splashes the dye of hypocrisy and sham on the stature of worship and devotion and covers the face of sincerity and honesty. Therefore, the fight with such a characteristics, always has been one of the mental disturbances of the real mystics and truth finders. They always have shown the various ways of breaking jar of name and shame, self-respect and dignity. Showing these ways and pointing to the cause and signs of these pests, in the form of tales, examples and poems have come in the works of mystics particularly Attar, Moulana and Abusaid-Abulkheir which will be discussed in this article. Manuscript profile

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16 - Pathology of Ascetic Behavior in Persian Sufi Literature
علی‌اکبر کیوانفر

Asceticism, like other cultural phenomena, because of the special level it attained in Islamic Sufism has a great tendency to deviate from its primary origin and roll towards different kinds of damages. Muslim ascetics, themselves, were the first serious critics in the More

Asceticism, like other cultural phenomena, because of the special level it attained in Islamic Sufism has a great tendency to deviate from its primary origin and roll towards different kinds of damages. Muslim ascetics, themselves, were the first serious critics in the domain of asceticism pathology, and have identified and fixed the damage from different angles. General account of this subject reveals that damages like falling into traps of arrogance, pride, an unfaithful and tradesman- like attitude towards ascetic efforts and using hypocrisy to gain public acceptance, have been noticed by the prominent characters of this domain since the first centuries of spreading Islamic asceticism and Sufism, and it has even been accelerated as the damages expanded more. This critical intra- discoursal view which is a prominent part of the Sufi literature has been much more successful in refining the Islamic asceticism. This article tends to display the unique and special role of pathological intra-discoursal view by refining it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Religious Trend in Post-Revolutionary Persian Novel
داوود شادلو Zainab Saberpour

In contemporary fiction, a new trend in story writing emerged after revolution. Its agenda was to record the religious values as human virtues. This research aims at investigating the ups and downs and changes in this trend while the diversity and multiplicity of the wr More

In contemporary fiction, a new trend in story writing emerged after revolution. Its agenda was to record the religious values as human virtues. This research aims at investigating the ups and downs and changes in this trend while the diversity and multiplicity of the writers and the works have also been considered. In this research, 15 stories of three different time periods including Islamic revolution, reconstruction and reforms have been chosen and analyzed in a targeted way to illustrate all the aspects of Iranian writers’ efforts in writing religious novels. In doing so, in order to analyze the texts and explain their relation to historical, social and political contexts, methods introduced in discourse analysis have been used with a focus on narrative components. An overview of novels in these three decades shows the general trends related to the main political and social discourses. In 1980’s, some first time novelists mostly consisted of sensational revolutionary young writers published their novels. Revolution, war and the related values were the main themes in these writers’ works, and in most of their works, religious insights have been affected by the dominant political discourse. In the second period, religious novels targeted more diverse themes and audiences, and tried to communicate their insights in a more diverse and novel ways. In the third period, the writers paid more serious attention to the artistic form for reflecting the themes which match the writers’ worldviews and approaches. Manuscript profile

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18 - Human Life’s Sanctity in Mystical Interpretations of Quran Based on Ibn Arabi's Yunessieh Chapter and its Commentary of it by Imam Khomeini
mohammadreza movahedi

Is the existence and agency of human life in Islamic mysticism is a worthless shell? Does the belief in the Absolute Existence leave no room for the notion of human existence? Can the position of humanity be considered so high as if the human being is all of existence a More

Is the existence and agency of human life in Islamic mysticism is a worthless shell? Does the belief in the Absolute Existence leave no room for the notion of human existence? Can the position of humanity be considered so high as if the human being is all of existence and everything except him is the image and imagination that exists in the mirror of the human heart and mind? In mystical works, the curious researcher can search for signs of anti-humanism as well as humanim.The main purpose of this article is to demonstrate the status of mankind in the universe based on the Islamic mystical worldview. Therefore, this study tries to explain this position, according to the works of two Islamic scholars, Ibn Arabi and Imam Khomeini. The basis of this explanation is the topic of avoiding the destruction of the monument of humanity in the Yunessieh chapter of Fosus al-Hekam and a commentary of it by Imam Khomeini in his mystical works. It is clear from the statements of Ibn al-'Arabi and his commentators that all beings are sacred because they are the manifestation of God. So when we look at mankind, or even look at the world of plants and animals, we see them all in relation to the Creator, not as an independent entity. This view awakens one's conscience and cultivates love and affection for all beings. Manuscript profile

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19 - Representation of Religious Characteristics of the Islamic Revolution Discourse in Top War Novels
hashem sadeghi manouchehr akbari

This study has aimed to examine the religious characteristics represented in Persian war novels from the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysi. To do so, the religious identity of warriors in their conduct with prisoners of war, discursive presuppositions about such More

This study has aimed to examine the religious characteristics represented in Persian war novels from the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysi. To do so, the religious identity of warriors in their conduct with prisoners of war, discursive presuppositions about such issues as sacrifice and martyrdom, and the attitude of warriors towards such issues as represented in Persian prominent war novels have been analyzed. The results of the study revealed that the interdiscursivity of Persian war novels is composed of religious teachings and defense strategies. Furthermore, it was found that the Islamic Revolution discourse has articulated a religious semantic system based on Islamic ideological signifiers such as Jihad, sacrifice, martyrdom etc., and that it has consolidated the meaning of discursive signifiers by modeling the ‘eventof Ashoura’ , reference to the Quran, and utilising positive comments about martyrdom and consecration of that, thus facilitating the hegemonization of this discourse. Manuscript profile

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20 - A Comparative Study and Analysis of the Antichrist in Persian Poetry and Islamic Traditions
Elham Nazary Esmail Tajbakhsh

The issue of the Antichrist has been mentioned in most religions and his sedition has been reminded to the prophets as first mentioned of him in the Epistle of John. According to John, the Antichrist is any one who has different opinions about the embodiment of Christ, More

The issue of the Antichrist has been mentioned in most religions and his sedition has been reminded to the prophets as first mentioned of him in the Epistle of John. According to John, the Antichrist is any one who has different opinions about the embodiment of Christ, and any spirit that denies the embodiment of Jesus is the Antichrist. But the background to the formation of the concept of the Antichrist can be found in the apocalyptic and revelationtic discussions of the early periods of Jewish history, especially in the book of Daniel. This issue has been mentioned in various forms in Islamic texts and some possibilities have been given about its origin. Some believe that he is a person and some believe that he is a type and a description.With the introduction of Quranic and Islamic themes in Persian literature, themes related to the Antichrist have also been used by poets and have been reflected in their poetry. The poets' intention in expressing these themes was not merely an allusion, but they used them to express their views in the form of similes, metaphors and symbols. Although the Antichrist is a hated figure and has not been widely reflected in Persian poetry; Nevertheless, this reflection is low, special and significant. In Persian poetry, "the person of the Antichrist" is predominant and poets do not pay attention to other possibilities given about him in Islamic texts. This article has examined the reflection of the Antichrist in two areas of Islamic texts and Persian poetry in separate sections and, in conclusion, has made a comparison between these two areas in this regard. Manuscript profile

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21 - Classification of the Kramat of Olia
Mohammad Roodgar

The main issue in all the Sufi tricks is Kramat. Kramat are unknown or less known phenomena that have hidden and supernatural causes. Neglecting the recognition, definition, classification and the mystical foundations of them, has led many to deny these facts. One of th More

The main issue in all the Sufi tricks is Kramat. Kramat are unknown or less known phenomena that have hidden and supernatural causes. Neglecting the recognition, definition, classification and the mystical foundations of them, has led many to deny these facts. One of the necessary preconditions for the recognition of Kramat is its various classification methods. The classification of a phenomenon that human beings can not understand the causes of its causes is a complicated subject that has been addressed by mystics, Sufis and scholars. However, it has not been reported in the mystical texts of the scientific and comprehensive classification of Kramat. Most of these texts are dedicated to enumeration of Kramat samples. Kramat Sometimes classified up against contrary to habits and sometimes among themselves. The present study is devoted to the classification of Kramat among themselves and studied in more than fifteen new and old classifications of different dignity. Manuscript profile

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22 - Islam and Democracy in Youssef Al Gharzavi’s Political Thought
مرتضي بحراني

This article seeks to explain the role of democracy in Islamic political thought of Youssef Al Gharzavi. In his view, Islam has recognized democracy and has specified rules and criteria for it. Promoting goods and preventing evils, council, allegiance, and women partici More

This article seeks to explain the role of democracy in Islamic political thought of Youssef Al Gharzavi. In his view, Islam has recognized democracy and has specified rules and criteria for it. Promoting goods and preventing evils, council, allegiance, and women participation in social and political arena are examples for these rules. Manuscript profile

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23 - Shiite Foghaha and Monitoring Political Power
توحيد محرمي

The author examines the notion of monitoring "political power" monitoring presented theories in Shiite foghaha’s views. Disscussing views regarding the necessity and sufficiency of inner control, as well as those regarding the necessity of both inner and outer control, More

The author examines the notion of monitoring "political power" monitoring presented theories in Shiite foghaha’s views. Disscussing views regarding the necessity and sufficiency of inner control, as well as those regarding the necessity of both inner and outer control, constitute the core issues of this essay. Manuscript profile

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24 - Structural Factors Affecting the Occurrence of the Islamic Revolution in Iran
يحيي‌ ‌ فوزي

This paper studies the structural factors or, in other words, the long term causes that brought about the revolution in Iran; and tries to answer the following questions: - What were the structural factors effecting the occurrence of the revolution in Iran? - How eac More

This paper studies the structural factors or, in other words, the long term causes that brought about the revolution in Iran; and tries to answer the following questions: - What were the structural factors effecting the occurrence of the revolution in Iran? - How each of these factors affected the occurrence of the revolution? In order to answer these questions, the structural evolutions in political, economic, social and cultural spheres of contemporary Iran have been studied and the consequences of such evolutions in bringing about imbalance, and at last, revolution, have been analyzed in a descriptive-analytical manner. Manuscript profile

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25 - "Islam and Modernity" in the Thoughts of Seyyed Jamaleddin Asad Abadi
mohamad ali tavana

The confrontation of Islam and modernity have taken different forms in the thoughts of Islamic thinkers. Among those, the perception of Seyyed Jamaleddin Asad Abadi from Islam and modernity can be the outset of a new view that considers the adaptation and unification of More

The confrontation of Islam and modernity have taken different forms in the thoughts of Islamic thinkers. Among those, the perception of Seyyed Jamaleddin Asad Abadi from Islam and modernity can be the outset of a new view that considers the adaptation and unification of these two discourses as the solution to retardation and imperialism in Islamic countries. Seyyed Jamaleddin Asad Abadi believed that the key to breaking free from Imperialism and retardation lies in re-interpretation of Islam, but this re-interpretation should be realized within the modernity discourse. In fact Seyyed Jamaleddin Asad Abadi first makes a distinction between modernity and the West, and then seeks the non-Western modernity. Therefore, the re-interpretation of Islam in the thoughts of Seyyed Jamaleddin Asad Abadi leads to the re-construction of a modern but non-Western identity. That is why the answer of Seyyed Jamaleddin Asad Abadi to the crisis of Islamic societies in 19th century- retardation and Imperialism- is Islamic modernism as a distinguished and different identiy from the Western one. Manuscript profile

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26 - The Theoretical and Practical Bases of Ramazan Albouti’s Political Thought
اصغر افتخاري

If the major approaches of religion and social act are divided to two principal branches with tendencies for tradition and religion, then Ramazan Albouti can be counted as a known Sunni scholar in the realm of religion and the criticism of conventionality. The present a More

If the major approaches of religion and social act are divided to two principal branches with tendencies for tradition and religion, then Ramazan Albouti can be counted as a known Sunni scholar in the realm of religion and the criticism of conventionality. The present article discusses the basic principles of Albouti’s theoretical and pragmatic ideas by referring to his written texts and sources; which all emphasis on the spirituality and religious beliefs in man’s social life. Issues discussed and mentioned include; seeking justice, denial of secularism, new religious tendencies, and referring back to the original Islam as the theoretical principle. Also conservatism, having an attitude based on power, reformation, and pragmatism- as the basic practical principles- is the other topics discussed by Ramazan Albouti. Manuscript profile

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27 - Identity Discourse of Islamic Revivalism: Backgrounds and Thoughts

The discourse of ‘Islamic Revival’ is the first influential reaction to Modernity. Opposing the secular modernists, they tried to develop and establish their own discourse, supporting rationalism, justice, freedom, equality, gradual changes and reforms, councils, parlia More

The discourse of ‘Islamic Revival’ is the first influential reaction to Modernity. Opposing the secular modernists, they tried to develop and establish their own discourse, supporting rationalism, justice, freedom, equality, gradual changes and reforms, councils, parliamentary government system, adapting to Islamic Law (Shari‘a), and so on. In fact, the discourse of ‘Islamic Revival’ that developed in the period of Qajar from the inside of the domestic changes in Islamic countriesas attempted to offer a religious understanding of the ways of confronting the issues challenging Islamic societies (including Iran), and stressed the necessity of taking actions about and reactions to the modern identity. The Consequences and effects of modernity on political, economic, social, and cultural sectors of the Iranian society made the theorists of the discourse redefine traditions, models and institutions related to the traditional life, and clarify their relations to the concepts such as rationalism, freedom, equality, progress and law, in confrontation with the concepts emerging from the condition of the new civilization. Manuscript profile

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28 - Ontological Foundations of Political Idealism in Islamic Philosophy with Focus on the Illuminationist Philosophy of Suhrawadi
Ahmad bostani

In this paper, we focus on the relationship between ontology and political thought in Moslem philosophers’ views, especially in Iran. According to ancient philosophical systems, the ontological point of view is very important, and every intellectual argumentation, inclu More

In this paper, we focus on the relationship between ontology and political thought in Moslem philosophers’ views, especially in Iran. According to ancient philosophical systems, the ontological point of view is very important, and every intellectual argumentation, including political one, must be understood in the light of ontology. Islamic political philosophy consists in an idealism that rejects the political reality and opens new ideal horizons. This political idealism is based on the ontological foundations of Islamic philosophy; therefore, understanding Islamic political philosophy implies understanding its ontological and cosmological basis. This is important for the present article, especially in this point that according to Muslem philosophers an ideal political system should be of the same system as the whole cosmos. Discussing the basis of ideaism, the present paper, as a case study, aims to show that the Illuminationist philosophy of Suhrawadi has elaborated a new ontological system, based on the Light, and therefore, it can provide a new model for ideal politics. Manuscript profile

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29 - Sohrevardi and Iranshahri’s Political Thought
Ahmad bostani

According to Iranshahri’s political thought, king is the shadow of God on Earth (a symbolic concept) and existence of a just and charismatic king on top of government system guarantees prosperity of the country and the people’s felicity and welfare. Firdausi in his Shah More

According to Iranshahri’s political thought, king is the shadow of God on Earth (a symbolic concept) and existence of a just and charismatic king on top of government system guarantees prosperity of the country and the people’s felicity and welfare. Firdausi in his Shah-Nama (Epic of Kings) tried to reconstruct the doctrine of Ideal King and give an epic tone to it based on the demands of his time. Yet, Sohrevardi in the 6th century offered a reading of the same thought system which is referred here as “Gnostic-Illuminationist” reading of Iranshahri’s political thought. In this system “the world of imagination”, introduced by Sohrevardi, is a core concept; mythical aspect of the ideal kings in ancient narratives, such as Fereydun and Kay Khusraw, finds mystical reading, and terms like, Simorq (phoenix), Jam-e-Jahan-Bin (world-displaying cup), Mount Qaf, and so on get new interpretations. The present articles deals with Sohrevardi’s innovations in the area of Iranshahri’s political thought. Manuscript profile

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30 - “Islamic Parliament” and Policy Making In Iran (1980- 2008)
Vhid sinaee سمیه زمانی

Law-making assemblies are one of the institutions involved in the process of policy making. The range of their intervention is from real determination to formal influence. This fluctuation is affected by two categories of structural factors and agents. The structures in More

Law-making assemblies are one of the institutions involved in the process of policy making. The range of their intervention is from real determination to formal influence. This fluctuation is affected by two categories of structural factors and agents. The structures include the jurisdiction of Parliament, internal organizations of parliament, the power distribution in political systems and external structures which have impact on Parliament. The agents include executive head of parliament, chief executive, representatives and influential groups. Three types of parliament are detectable from relationship of these structures and agents that are determinative parliament, effective, low- of -effect and neutral in the process of policy making. This study is going to investigate the role of Islamic assembly in the process of policy makings in Iran based on the theoretical framework. The results of this study show that assembly had causative, and not determinative, role in regard to structural factors and agents in the process of policy makings. Manuscript profile

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31 - Islamic Realism and Understanding Modern International Relations
hossein salimi

In this article, it is tried to answer two fundamental questions about Islamic attitude in International Relations. First, is there any reality outside of Human mind from Islam view and can human intellect come to understand the real categories? Second is that, is Inter More

In this article, it is tried to answer two fundamental questions about Islamic attitude in International Relations. First, is there any reality outside of Human mind from Islam view and can human intellect come to understand the real categories? Second is that, is International Relations a real and incontestable issue? If yes, can the intellectual knowledge and understanding of this category be the religious understanding base of International Relations? To answer these questions, among the available different faiths in Islamic and Shi’ism thought, we used the realistic attitude of Allame Tabatabaee and Ayatollah Motahari which they themselves call realism too. It is obvious that the concept of realism in their attitude is different with the current concept of realism among the theories of International Relations for which scientists like Morgenta and Walts are its deputies. This thinking school is concomitant and consistent with a kind of intellectualistic juristic attitude which considers an absolute argumentum for Intellect to understand juristic decrees. Then, It is showed that this attitude believes, not only in the existence of reality and the capability of intellect to comprehend it, but also they believe that the intellectual understanding of human from these incontestable phenomena is the main base for religious knowledge. In the last part of this article, along with a brief review of Modern International Relations foundations, it is showed that the entirety of International Relations and its foundations like nations-states, International organizations and International economy are incontestable issues which are developed in the last two decades and were not existed in lawgiver era and the Islamic attitude is dependent on their intellectual understanding and judgment in new condition. Manuscript profile

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32 - The Comparative Review of Reformist and Fundamentalist Currents toward Political Participation of Women in Islamic Republic of Iran (1997-2005)
Mohammad Abedi Ardakani پروین عظیمی

Since the victory of Islamic Republic of Iran up to now, there emerged two significant and effective intellectual and political currents. The first current which could be called from intellectual dimension as “Juristic Islamism Current” and from political dimension as “ More

Since the victory of Islamic Republic of Iran up to now, there emerged two significant and effective intellectual and political currents. The first current which could be called from intellectual dimension as “Juristic Islamism Current” and from political dimension as “Fundamentalism current”, got its climax political power in first and third decades of Islamic Revolution and it still keeps its power today. In contrast, the second current which could be called from intellectual dimension as “religious new thinkers” and from political aspect as the “Reformism current” reached its climax political power in the second decade of Revolution and from then on its is declining. The main purpose of this article is to comparatively review these two currents regarding the issue of women’s rights, particularly in relation to their political participation and its main hypothesis is as follows: “the different intellectual and religious principles of these two currents caused an inconsistency in their position toward the issue of women’s rights, particularly in relation to their political participations. To evaluate this hypothesis, using the descriptive-analytical method, it is tried to review intellectual and religious alphabets of these two currents and compare particularly these two in relation to political participation and family. The findings of this research shows that their attitudes toward the issue of women’s rights have significant differences in one hand, and in other hand, these differences are basically due to their different but inflexible interpretations of religion. Manuscript profile

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33 - The Presence of Iranshahri Political Thought in Islamic Period
Ahmad bostani

Iranshahri political thought is one of the most significant features of Iranian intellectual tradition. Rooted in ancient Iranian tradition of kingdom, this political doctrine presents a conception of political rule which is different from classical Islamic political ph More

Iranshahri political thought is one of the most significant features of Iranian intellectual tradition. Rooted in ancient Iranian tradition of kingdom, this political doctrine presents a conception of political rule which is different from classical Islamic political philosophy inspired by Greek philosophers. Although the source of this doctrine is pre-Islamic Iranian civilization, one can claim that it has been continued in different forms and we can follow its traces left everywhere in Iranian intellectual history from the beginning to the present.So, study of this tradition requires a specific method of research which could explain transformation and unity of its elements. This paper aims to study the various versions of iranshahri political thought in Islamic period, especially in its middle ages, and to show different aspects of it crystallized in Muslim thinker’s political treatises. The theory of “cultural continuation of Persia” constitutes the theoretical foundation of this research and try to elucidate Islamic conceptions of iranshahri political doctrine, and “Farr” as its key concept, in the light of this theory suggested by leading figures like H. Corbin and R. Frye. We claim that the versions of iranshahri political thought in Islamic civilization can be divided in five main categories representing five conceptions of Farr -e- izadi. These five categories are represented in epic poems, mystic texts, philosophical treatises, Illuminationist wisdom and Iranian mirrors for princes. Manuscript profile

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34 - Discourse Analysis of Iran and Iraq War
Heidar Shahriari

Islamic revolution that provided a new discourse in Iran socio-political area carrying a new discourse in foreign policy too that it contained concepts like against-arrogance (Istekbarsetizi), Jihad, poor government and … . but it did not take long from beginning that I More

Islamic revolution that provided a new discourse in Iran socio-political area carrying a new discourse in foreign policy too that it contained concepts like against-arrogance (Istekbarsetizi), Jihad, poor government and … . but it did not take long from beginning that Iran encountered a destructive war from Iraq’s Baath’s regime that analyzing, explaining and interpreting it in different theories and approaches, can indicates its different aspects. In line with it, the main question is that what is the reason of occurring Iran-Iraq war? The forward hypothesis is that the area and context of conflict among Islamism discourse in Iran’s foreign policy and geopolitics discourse in Iraq’s foreign policy, on the one hand, and the conception and interpreting of Iraq’s commanders about Islamism discourse and its existing situation, on the other hand, caused the occurrence. The findings of this essay that is in form of library and documental method indicate that antagonism of Iraq’s geopolitics discourse (with revolution exportation contrast, Pan-Arabism and security signifiers) toward Islamism discourse of Islamic revolution (with revolution exportation, fighting against arrogance and national interestssignifiers) is clearly observable and what made Iraq as the war beginner, was Iraq’s officials conception aboutIran’s political instability situations at that time and the opposite discourse conflict with Iraq’s discourse. Manuscript profile

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35 - Globalization and Penetration Crisis in Islamic Republic of Iran
hassan abniki

The crisis is the one of crucial concepts in political and social science and all of the states confront with it somehow. The states should test different strategies for solving the crisis. Because, unfamiliarity with the crisis can confront the state with different ins More

The crisis is the one of crucial concepts in political and social science and all of the states confront with it somehow. The states should test different strategies for solving the crisis. Because, unfamiliarity with the crisis can confront the state with different institutional and non-institutional problems and make their legitimacy and efficiency unstable. Islamic Republic of Iran is one of these states and we want to survey globalization’s critical effect on its efficiency with reference to penetration’s crisis in this research. In fact, we tend to explain how globalization can produce penetration’s crisis in Islamic Republic of Iran. The used method is descriptive-analytical and used for the clarification of the problem from institutionalism view point. Manuscript profile

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36 - Arabic Revolutions and Shaping New Security Orders In Middle East
فاطمه قیاسوندی نبی‌الله ابراهیمی Ahmad سلطانی‌نژاد

The main argument of this article is to analyze the Islamic Awakening developments and the way new security disciplines development in Middle East is affected by this event. Since the revolution of people in Arab states is known as uprising against dictator governments More

The main argument of this article is to analyze the Islamic Awakening developments and the way new security disciplines development in Middle East is affected by this event. Since the revolution of people in Arab states is known as uprising against dictator governments and Colonial, it can be an important factor for redefining the novel disciplines in the region which considering Saidism or after- colonial elements and the correspondence among these revolutions and this study, we testify the formation of the type of order focused on reviewing Saidism studies in Middle East. So in this article first of all, we analyze disciplines from the perspective of realism, liberalism, Copenhagen school and post colonial and then the Genealogy of disciplines in Middle East. Islamist role has been also discussed and article is finished by a discussion about the security disciplines governing on the region after the Arabic revolutions, so we can conclude how Arabic revolutions have effects on the formation of new security discipline of Middle East. Manuscript profile

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37 - Language and Politics: Pragmatic and Strategic Aspects of Language in Imam Khomeini's Leadership in the Process of Islamic Revolution in Iran
seyedreza shakeri

Islamic revolution realized in Iran under the leadership of a religious leader. Although the leader was in exile but he had strong connections with his followers despite his deprivation of communication means. This issue in this paper is the basis of reviewing the relat More

Islamic revolution realized in Iran under the leadership of a religious leader. Although the leader was in exile but he had strong connections with his followers despite his deprivation of communication means. This issue in this paper is the basis of reviewing the relationship between language and politics; so the paper tries to explain pragmatic and strategic aspects of language in Imam Khomeini's leadership in the process of Islamic revolution. In the field of study of relationship between language and politics, there are two general approaches: politics as theory and knowledge and politics as power and the realm of collective action to sustain or to change the current situation. This paper, by focusing on the second approach and by using the theories of language competence and language pragmatics in the realm of media and in mobilization of mass, will try to examine influential functions and pragmatic aspects of language in Imam Khomeini's thoughts. The findings indicate that Imam Khomeini as a scholar in mystics, ethics and jurisprudence and by his own classification of Islamic sciences introduced the pragmatism as the core of those sciences and used the language along political and revolutionary actions. Mobilizing the mass, criticizing and opposing the current situation and inviting the people to realize the Islamic state are among Imam Khomeini's pragmatic aspects of leadership. Manuscript profile

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38 - The Connection between Spiritual Authority and Temporal Power in Traditional Thought: Examination of Seyyed Hossein Nasr's Views on Religious Government
حسين خندق‌آبادي

His background of executive activity as a statesman caused Seyyed Hossein Nasr’s thought to be linked with secularism. Examining his background in this context is not separate from his basis of thought rooted in his traditionalist procedures. Valid connection between sp More

His background of executive activity as a statesman caused Seyyed Hossein Nasr’s thought to be linked with secularism. Examining his background in this context is not separate from his basis of thought rooted in his traditionalist procedures. Valid connection between spiritual authority and temporal power that is one of elements of Traditionalist thoughts, backing Nasr's thought on religious governing. According to religious doctrines that are in contrast with western thoughts, Nasr believes that religion, especially Islam, cannot be separated from the governing realm. This article tries to study Nasr’s theoretical reasons against secularism, i.e. separation of religion and government. Also it shows that how Nasr explains this subject causes someone thinks that there are rooms for influence of secularism in his thought and oppose with him. Manuscript profile

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39 - Conceptual Evolution of “Law” in the constitution process of Islamic Republic of Iran
Mohammad kamalizade

The constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran as an influential concept and phenomenon, needs to be investigated historically to make clear the formation process of its constituent concepts and elements. The concepts and elements have been formed before revolution and as More

The constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran as an influential concept and phenomenon, needs to be investigated historically to make clear the formation process of its constituent concepts and elements. The concepts and elements have been formed before revolution and as a result of revolution on one hand, and the intellectual attempts of compilers regarding conventionalizing issue. The great characters of revolution not only did not have any perception and special thought of law in their minds, but also they did not think well about the process of law formulation. So while formulating the constitution, they are faced with various difficulties for formulating the key clauses such as sovereignty problems and peolple’s rights and principal freedoms. So for understanding the philosophy and the process of constitution phenomenon in Islamic Republic of Iran, the historical concepts and its formation process and also conventionalizing process of laws should be considered. This goal is achieved considering the mentalities and intentions of formulators of Islamic Republic of Iran’s law while responding the era’s problems. Manuscript profile

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40 - Ali Shariati, the Islamic Renaissance and Freedom from degeneration
amir roshan محسن شفیعی سیف آبادی

Since the Iranian confrontation with the West and realizing their decline, “Who we are” were of Iranian intellectuals’ main concerns. After this, the questions such as "who we are? And “how we should be” were raised. To answer these questions, Shariati as an Iranian int More

Since the Iranian confrontation with the West and realizing their decline, “Who we are” were of Iranian intellectuals’ main concerns. After this, the questions such as "who we are? And “how we should be” were raised. To answer these questions, Shariati as an Iranian intellectuals with Islamic obsessions, tried to formulate solution for emancipation of decline and going toward progress. According to him, capitalism, imperialism and religious diversion and subjectivism, were considered as the main causes of decline of Iran and the Muslim world and only via returning to the self and the formation of Renaissance and an especially Islamic renaissance that the advancement and perfection can be achieved. Therefore, the main aim in this paper is the analysis of the concept of Islamic Renaissance and the emancipation of the decline in votes of Ali Shariati’s views. Manuscript profile

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41 - Exceptionalism, Hegemonic Stability and Islamophobia in America
Ahmad دوست محمدي Esfandiar Mohammadi

Since the year 1620, when a group of English people immigrated to America, exceptionalism based on the attitude of unique nation, racial superiority, the Israel of the time, the heaven on the earth and … have been seen in American society and, particularly, in the liter More

Since the year 1620, when a group of English people immigrated to America, exceptionalism based on the attitude of unique nation, racial superiority, the Israel of the time, the heaven on the earth and … have been seen in American society and, particularly, in the literature of American presidents, from George Washington to Barack Obama. Americans believe in the myth that their immigration from England has been the new type of “the Jews' immigration“ to the promised land” in order to build the God’s domain, so that they preserve the right to fight against any people who oppose the idea. So The first question that comes to mind is that what is the origin of idea of exceptionalism, and then how the idea became a basis for the theory of hegemonic stability, and then how this thought is supposed as the basis for formation of consistency theory based on dominance or hegemonic stability and what is its relation to the dissemination of Islamophobia in American society? Our purpose in this paper is showing where American exceptionalism is rooted in, and illustrating the effect that this thought has in formulating the hegemony theory based on offensiveness or dominance and raising and preaching of Islam phobia in American society. So this paper supposes that American Exceptionalism makes this country's state men act offensively and internationally that based on this, America has played its hegemonic role. And, because Islam as an anti hegemony religion, oppose such behavior, fighting Islam and Islamophobia has become America’s strategic agenda. Manuscript profile

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42 - Analysis and study of the idea of Islamic government in “Kashf e Asrar”
amirhossein hatami

One of the most controversial issues about the political thought of the founder of the Islamic Republic is the difference between his political thought in the 20s and 30s with 40s AH onwards. Especially in the two books of "Kashf e Asrar", that he believes in a kind of More

One of the most controversial issues about the political thought of the founder of the Islamic Republic is the difference between his political thought in the 20s and 30s with 40s AH onwards. Especially in the two books of "Kashf e Asrar", that he believes in a kind of supervision of the Faqih over the political structure and in the book "Velayat-e-Faqih", that he proves the necessity of an Islamic government led by a Fqih. Based on this, an important question arises. Should we not follow the idea of the Islamic government in the book " Kashf e Asrar " in the sense explained in the book "Velayat-e-Faqih"? Many researchers have answered this question in the affirmative from different perspectives. But the findings of the present study, which are mainly based on the study of theoretical and historical contexts, show that, in fact, it has not occurred a fundamental change in the political thought of Ayatollah Khomeini and the idea of Islamic government, which is explained in the book "Velayat-e-Faqih", can also be found in the book " Kashf e Asrar ", of course not explicitly. This lack of explicitness has been mainly due to historical, political and religious reasons. Manuscript profile

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43 - Ideological religion and the disenchantment of politics
Mahereh Kuohnavard Ahmad bostani

The Islamic Revolution of Iran was a movement based on religious ideology, and one of its most important goals was to confront the process of secularization in society and establish a religious government. However, after the revolution, the process of disenchantment int More

The Islamic Revolution of Iran was a movement based on religious ideology, and one of its most important goals was to confront the process of secularization in society and establish a religious government. However, after the revolution, the process of disenchantment intensified both in the theoretical dimension and in the practical aspects of society and politics. Although the term disenchantment is used in Max Weber's works to describe the modernization and rationalization of Western societies, in this article, we will show that in post-revolutionary Iran, this process has not necessarily always been associated with more rational and scientific processes. Therefore, the present article aims to discuss the process through which the political and social application of religion would lead to the disenchantment of politics and society. To explain this process, we will emphasize that the Ideologization of religion requires the transformation of Sharia and religious teachings into a secular structure and adherence to the logic of temporal relations. Therefore, in certain circumstances, the ideological conception of religion can accelerate the process of disenchantment. Manuscript profile

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44 - Factors and Obstacles Affecting the Role of Civic Institutions in the "Reform Period" in Iran: The Internal Dynamics of a Hybrid Political System
Alireza Khoshbakht Majid tavasoli Mohammadmahdi mojahedi

The purpose of this article is to discuss the political ups and downs of the “Reform era” in Iran (1997-2005). To analyze the “Islamic Republic of Iran” as a political regime and its dynamics, “Hybrid Regimes” theories have been used in current work. Such theories rejec More

The purpose of this article is to discuss the political ups and downs of the “Reform era” in Iran (1997-2005). To analyze the “Islamic Republic of Iran” as a political regime and its dynamics, “Hybrid Regimes” theories have been used in current work. Such theories reject the duality of Democracy-Authoritarianism and try to provide essential concepts for analyzing the regimes which are in the middle of the spectrum. Those regimes have unique features in comparison to Democratic or Authoritarian regimes. To analyze the Islamic Republic of Iran as a political regime and to explain the ups and downs of the “Reform era” in Iran, the studies of four researchers on “hybrid Regimes” have been used here. Some of the keynotes which have been applied to the current study to discuss the political ups and downs of that specific period are as follows: the importance of political competition, social and political backgrounds of creation of the Islamic Republic of Iran as a hybrid regime, and finally, the relation between such a regime and rentier economy in Iran. Finally, the article has concluded that the reformist’s earlier progress and their later withdraw and defeat could be considered as “inner dynamics of a hybrid regime” instead of the “the defeated transition to democracy”. Manuscript profile

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45 - Political Economy of State Developmentalism in Iran: A Study of Douglas North's Theory of Open and Restricted Access in the Islamic Republic
Ali Ranjbarki

This article explains the developmentalist status of political rule in the period of the Islamic Republic of Iran using the institutional theory of open and limited access "Douglas North". According to North, the elites and political rulers (ruling coalition) in a socie More

This article explains the developmentalist status of political rule in the period of the Islamic Republic of Iran using the institutional theory of open and limited access "Douglas North". According to North, the elites and political rulers (ruling coalition) in a society have two ways of forming social order and controlling violence. On the one hand, the open access system, which has impersonal rules and regulations, the rule of law and productive rent-seeking, which guarantees public access to society's resources and assets. And, on the other hand, the limited access system, which seeks to establish personal and private relationships and rules, sheikh and disciple (Murid &Morad) networks, unproductive rent-seeking and restricting the access of others to the resources and assets of society. Empirical evidence shows that open access systems guarantee and accelerate the achievement of economic development. Restricted access systems are not inherently developmental because economic development conflicts with the personal and group interests of the ruling coalition. Hence, political rule does not make a serious effort to address the problems and shortcomings in the path of economic development. In Iran, with the formation of the Islamic Revolution, the ground was opened for further opening of the social access system. But over time, with the occurrence of various internal and external events, political rule tended to limit the country's social system. This led to a special group of Islamists (traditional and fundamentalist right) becoming the dominant coalition of the country and using various strategies and policies to try to gain access to the sources of power and assets of the country in a centralized and exclusive way. Under these institutional conditions, the behavior of the country's political rulers is shaped in such a way that their main goal is to maintain the current political system in order to guarantee monopoly and centralized power and maximum access to the country's resources and assets. Therefore, increasing and allocating unproductive rents from oil revenues and government monopolies to groups affiliated with the ruling coalition, establishing personal and private relations and organizations, and restricting the participation and access of other groups to the economic and political resources of the country are the dominant coalition strategies. These strategies hinder the continuation and acceleration of economic development in the country. Thus, the behavior and plans of political rulers are not developmental. Manuscript profile

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46 - Henry Corbin, Philosophical Hermeneutics, and the Cosmic Political Thought: A Critical Appraisal
Ahmad bostani

Henry Corbin was the first thinker who attempted to apply philosophical hermeneutics as an analytical tool for understanding the Shiite texts in particular, and Iranian intellectual history in general. Making use of various intellectual traditions, including phenomenolo More

Henry Corbin was the first thinker who attempted to apply philosophical hermeneutics as an analytical tool for understanding the Shiite texts in particular, and Iranian intellectual history in general. Making use of various intellectual traditions, including phenomenology, hermeneutics, Christian theology, and Platonic tradition, he provided a methodological and hermeneutical approach to the Iranian intellectual heritage. Although there are a literature body regarding his significance in the Islamic and Shiite scholarship, a critical evaluation of his works, and especially his own hermeneutical approach, has not been done yet. This paper aims to discuss Corbin’s hermeneutical approach from a critical and philosophical-political perspective. Thus, it will be demonstrated that his hermeneutics suffers from three main deficits: the lack of critical dimension, over-interpretation, and finally de-politicization of Islamic and Iranian intellectual and religious tradition. All of these three issues are rooted in a “cosmic” ontology in his philosophical system that makes no room for an intersubjective and social realm. Manuscript profile

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47 - The comparative study of Arabian-Islamic Urban pattern with Iranian-Islamic Urban pattern (case study: Khartoum and shiraz)
علی احمدیان کیسمی

Islamic big cities like: khartom, Cairo, mashad, shiraz and… can be a pattern for other Islamic cities in the world. This cities have had different history. Since 19th century, this cities have experienced less traditional characters. Because in Africa and other reg More

Islamic big cities like: khartom, Cairo, mashad, shiraz and… can be a pattern for other Islamic cities in the world. This cities have had different history. Since 19th century, this cities have experienced less traditional characters. Because in Africa and other region, this cities have had changes in urban culture and this trend change local Arabic urban indexex. But Iranian cities have not experienced this history. morphologic urban indexes include: rest sense, place Identity, Perception of Beauty, Ideal view and fast access and so on.This paper study morphologic factors (subjective and objective) of Arabian -Islamic Urban pattern (Khartoum) with Iranian - Islamic Urban pathern (shiraz). We use from documentary and structural content analysis methods for comparative of Arabian-Islamic Urban pattern with Iranian-Islamic Urban pattern. results show that there is no significance different between morphologic indexes for Arabian - Islamic Urban pattern and Iranian - Islamic Urban pattern. On the other hands, there is Similarity subjective (rest sense and place Identity and Perception of Beauty) and objective (Ideal view, fast access) indexes. so, even though there is different in history, we see Similarity in morphologic urban indexes specially rest sense, place Identity, Perception of Beauty, Ideal view and fast access, for this cities. Manuscript profile

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48 - Spatial Dynamics of Islamic City Based on Complexity Theory; Case Study: Tehran Central District
Hossein Hataminejad Ahmad pourahmad Keramatalah Zayyari Hosein Behbodi Moghadam

City is always dynamic and undergoing transformation. This dynamic in Islamic cities has been influenced by variety of exogenous and endogenous factors and has gotten complexity form. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the study of complexities of Islamic city s More

City is always dynamic and undergoing transformation. This dynamic in Islamic cities has been influenced by variety of exogenous and endogenous factors and has gotten complexity form. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the study of complexities of Islamic city spatial dynamics from the perspective of complexity theory and planning of these dynamics from the viewpoint of city as a complex system. Research Method in this paper is based on descriptive-analytical method and data collection method, based on documentary and field method. The statistical sample of the research consists of 85 urban managers and municipal experts (working in region 12, its six districts and Districts 1 and 2 of region 11), who have been identified based on the Cochran’s formula. Using the Mactor method and software and selecting the central part of Tehran as the study area, the following results were obtained: First, in recent decades, various factors and processes have played a role in the spatial dynamics of Tehran (As an Islamic and Muslim city) and its central part ,as They introduce it as a complex system. Second, the diversity of space actors with different positions of divergence, convergence and competition in the spatial dynamics of the central part of Tehran indicates the diversity, complexity and variety of elements involved in urban planning in this area. That is, in the study and planning of the Islamic city, one cannot rely on a single factor such as modernism or globalization, and the diversity of space processes and actors must be studied in terms of complexity theory, and all plans in urban planning have to consider this diversity. Manuscript profile

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49 - Socialization in Iranian Governmental Organizations and Its Role in Citizenship Ethics in the Islamic Iranian City
غلامرضا مقدم سیف اله سیف اللهی محمدرضا جوادی یگانه

Undoubtedly today's world is the world of organizations. In any organization, although individuals are the primary agents of the organization, in fact, organizations themselves have an independent legal personality that, like any society, provides the basis for interact More

Undoubtedly today's world is the world of organizations. In any organization, although individuals are the primary agents of the organization, in fact, organizations themselves have an independent legal personality that, like any society, provides the basis for interaction between individuals and their socialization.On the other hand, today most of the Citizens' time are occupied by economic duties and presence in the workplace. Many people in this environment interact with different formal and informal groups and learn many of the values, norms and behaviors from that environment and internalize their behavior.Therefore, recognizing the increasing importance and scope of organizations and their role in the socialization of individuals, It is necessary to look at the economic and social structures of government agencies, as part of the pathology of ethics in the Islamic Iranian city.Organizations that play a large role in the citizenship ethics of their employees. Therefore, the issue of ethical training in the organization is important from both, a professional and a citizen's perspective that both of which are related to the concept of citizenship.In this study, grounded theory method was used and 25 staff members of one of the most high level governmental organizations of Iran located in Tehran were interviewed in depth.The findings show that ambiguity of ethical perception, avoidance of participation, ambiguity in role and goals and weakness of work culture are the phenomena affecting on disorganization which provide grounds for negative socialization of citizenship ethics in the city. Manuscript profile

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50 - New discoveries Architecture from the Late Sassanid and Early Islamic period in the Seimare River Basin(Central Zagros)
Mahnaz sharigi

The Sassanid dynasty gradually changed its political focus from Fars to the open and strategic land of Mesopotamia during the Middle and Late reign of Shapur II. Definitely, the purpose of this power transfer was to dominate the western borders and the fertile lands of More

The Sassanid dynasty gradually changed its political focus from Fars to the open and strategic land of Mesopotamia during the Middle and Late reign of Shapur II. Definitely, the purpose of this power transfer was to dominate the western borders and the fertile lands of Iraq and Khuzestan. The Central Zagros valleys were highly considered as the closest highlands to the political center during this period for the reasons including being located in the highway linking the imperial center with the political center, and its fertility and environmental diversity. The presence of the settlements from the Sassanid period with relatively higher densities than the environmental capability, being located in inaccessible natural valleys, being away from the main communication routes, and most importantly establishing them simultaneously. (so that all of these areas were on pristine soil and not built for the continuation of previous settlements) .the archaeological evidence that demonstrate these centers as the remnants of Sasanian armies that had been active in the dispersed resistance and continued artistic and architectural life beyond the reach of Muslims. New archaeological excavations led to viewing a part of the architectural remains of aristocratic luxurious houses and residential homes. In addition to evaluating the functionality and age of the newly-explored sites, we consider questions such as how to link between the contemporaneous master buildings in the Simare area in this paper. The results indicated the continuation of the settlements from the Sassanid period until the early Islam; the pottery evidence strongly support this dating as well. Thus, this paper attempts to answer the question that “what is the function of the obtained architectural remains and to what period do they belong?” The present research has been based on the archaeological excavations in recent years, trying to explain architectural works with a descriptive-analytical approach. Manuscript profile

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51 - Analysis of cemeteries organizing in Isfahan city from the perspective of the Islamic Iranian city pattern
Asghar Montazer alghaeem Fardin Koshki

As death is an inevitable stage of human life, the cemetery has always been one of the main and unavoidable spaces of every human settlement, including Islamic Iranian cities.The present study has been carried out to analyze the organization of the cemeteries in the cit More

As death is an inevitable stage of human life, the cemetery has always been one of the main and unavoidable spaces of every human settlement, including Islamic Iranian cities.The present study has been carried out to analyze the organization of the cemeteries in the city of Isfahan from a native and Islamic perspective.The research methodology is qualitative and Sampling method is purposeful. In compared to local cemeteries (decentralized approach) and Rezvan Garden (centralized approach) results show thateach one has different characteristics; among them, in cemetery of the Garden of Rezvan, it would be better service andhygienic and religious issues are being respected.In the case of Isfahan local cemeteries is easier access to them that this will result in savings in time and money of citizens.Also, the use of local cemeteries helps promote walking and reducing the use of cars that this follows savings in fuel consumption and reduces air pollution.In terms of urbanity, local cemeteries have a more human scaleand because they are formed influenced by native thoughts are considered as the promoters of Iranian-Islamic urbanity.Socially, local cemeteries create social cohesion and reinforce collectivism against individualism.Legally, with reinforcement of local cemeteries, the freedom of individuals is greater to determine the place of burial.From a spiritual and cultural point of view, decentralized approach to cemeteries,due to easy access to space of cemetery,strengthens the memory of death in society and the city and create the ultimate goal of space of the cemetery, which is a reminder to the live people and beacause in 20-year perspective document of Country emphasizes on Islamic identity and ethics, therefore, the strengthening of local cemeteries is in direction of the 20-year perspective document of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the horizon of 1404 solar calender. Manuscript profile

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52 - Revisiting the Spatial Organization of Neighborhoods in the Iranian City in Terms of the Tradition of Mortmain; Case Study: Aligholi Agha neighborhood, Isfahan
Mina Kashani Hamedani Hassan Sajjadzadeh

mortmain has been existing for a long time in the field of urbanization. It is a multifaceted phenomenon with various physical, functional, social and economic dimensions. Identifying the effect of mortmain endowment on the building blocks of Iranian-Islamic cities, esp More

mortmain has been existing for a long time in the field of urbanization. It is a multifaceted phenomenon with various physical, functional, social and economic dimensions. Identifying the effect of mortmain endowment on the building blocks of Iranian-Islamic cities, especially through a historical approach, will help to clarify this concept. With its unique historical neighborhoods, the city of Isfahan which was mainly developed in the Safavid era under the influence of the idea of the Islamic city and mortmain offers a perfect opportunity for innovative historical research. From among the numerous historical neighborhoods in Isfahan, the neighborhood of Aligholi Agha was selected as the case of the present study due to the survival of its mortmain deeds. The hypothesis of this research is the influence of mortmain on the shape of Aligholi Agha neighborhood. The research seeks to find an answer to the question of how tradition of mortmain has affected the structure and creation of traditional neighborhood spaces?. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to analyze the spatial structure and physical elements of traditional neighborhoods from the perspective of mortmain tradition and based on the structuralism approach in Islamic city studies. Accordingly, in the process of traditional neighborhoods regeneration, a sustainable spatial organization can be achieved by relying on research findings. For this purpose, the research was conducted through a descriptive-analytical method, while reviewing the literature of the position of mortmain in Islamic thought and its impact on the structure of the Islamic city, and using library-documentary as well as field observations, historical documents and maps, and existing mortmain deeds. Our findings indicate that mortmain has been effective in the formation and further historical development of Aligholi Agha neighborhood centers in Isfahan and creating public buildings such as mosques, bath and other public buildings in this neighborhood. Also, due to the doctrinal and social dimensions of the mortmain tradition, the development and creation of Aligholi Agha neighborhood buildings, has created an interconnected and intertwined structure in the center of the neighborhood and has created sensitivity and participation of people in preserving and reviving traditional buildings in this neighborhood. Manuscript profile

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53 - Phenomenological Interpretation of the Sacred Place in Iranian-Islamic Cities based on Presence of The Classical Elements (Case Study: Shrine of Shah Nematollah Vali)
Somaye Talaei ali akbari mahdi hamzenejad

One of the most crucial issues encountering researchers in the field of Iranian-Islamic architecture and urban planning with the aim of preserving and perpetuating cultural values in the present era is the issue of overcoming formal and physical descriptions and gaining More

One of the most crucial issues encountering researchers in the field of Iranian-Islamic architecture and urban planning with the aim of preserving and perpetuating cultural values in the present era is the issue of overcoming formal and physical descriptions and gaining a deep understanding of the nature and essence of the buildings. Since every building is a form of embodiment of ideas and worldviews of its builders and is additionally a metaphor of their existence in the world, a correct understanding of the building can enable the reproduction of historical identity in the present era. The purpose of this study is to analyze the structure of the tomb of Shah Nematollah Vali based on these assumptions that the ontological implications of the elements can be explained as meaningful signs of the structure of their interrelationship. In the present study, the philosophical foundation of research is interpretivism; the research approach is qualitative, and the analysis method is phenomenological. In analyzing the experience of space and the relationship between the building and the city, the following three assumptions were examined: 1. the hierarchy of spatial relations from the urban space to the dome creates a sense of spirituality in individuals. 2. The presence of four Classic Elements in successive spaces affects users' perception of space as a sacred one. 3. The presence of four Classic Elements as meaningful signs in the space increases the sense of place in pilgrims. To examine the above assumptions by analyzing the lived experience of people in the building, a questionnaire with 20 questions was prepared and distributed among 85 pilgrims and specialists. Data analysis shows that the manner and extent of the presence of four Classic Elements in consecutive scenes of the shrine of Shah Nematollah Vali, has a significant relationship with the perception of mystical meanings and spiritual journeys in the minds of the people and leads them to experience a different perceptual quality in each courtyard. And be more prepared to reach the shrine and pilgrimage at any moment. Manuscript profile

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54 - Spatial Developments of Sirjan During Islamic Period Based on the Archaeological Evidences and the Written Historical Resources
hasan karimian Ahmad pourahmad Zeinab Afzali

One of the major cities of Kerman province since the Sasanian period, Sirjan has played a key role in the political, economic, and cultural developments of southeastern Iran due to its geographical location and adjacency to trade routes. Written sources provide detailed More

One of the major cities of Kerman province since the Sasanian period, Sirjan has played a key role in the political, economic, and cultural developments of southeastern Iran due to its geographical location and adjacency to trade routes. Written sources provide detailed information about Sirjan during the period; however, issues such as formation, development and decline, and settlements in different periods, as well as the social structure and the economic and cultural activities of the inhabitants have remained mostly neglected, which calls for archaeological studies and evidence. Despite its importance in the Islamic period, Sirjan has received little attention from archaeologists, and there are many uncertainties about its formation and relocations in different periods. Surprisingly, there is no archaeological information about the city even from an period as recent as the Safavid period. This study attempts to examine the process of Sirjan’s formation, development, and decline during the Islamic period, using written historical sources and archaeological evidence obtained in field research. The study also tries to explore the city’s site selection during the Islamic period and the causes of these relocations from an archaeological viewpoint, using archaeological excavations in Sirjan plain and analysis of the resulting data. The finding of the present study indicated that Sirjan, which was one of the strategic centers in southeastern Iran during the historical period, flourished in the early Islamic centuries and was of great importance as the center of Kerman province for several centuries. However, the city declined and was later abandoned in the late Seljuk period until Ghal’eh Sang gradually replaced the Shahre Qhadem. Evidence also showed that Ghal’eh Sang was the most important settlement in the Sirjan plain from the 13th to the late 15th century. After the destruction of the castle by the Aq Qoyunlu rulers in the late 15th century, this area lost its appeal and was replaced by Bagh Bamid Garden. During the Safavid period, Bagh Bamid was the most important settlement on the Sirjan plain. However, the governor’s seat and the urban center were transferred to Sa’iid Abad after its development and expansion. Manuscript profile

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55 - A Study of Mystical Epistemology in the Poems and Prose of Abd-Al Rahman Jami
raheleh mirakhorli ghodratollah Khayatian Azim Hamzeian

In Islamic mysticism, there are scattered discussions of epistemological issues. The distinguishing feature of Islamic mysticism from other mystical branches is the high and stable position of knowledge in it. Jami (d. 898 AH) has also dealt with the issue of knowledge More

In Islamic mysticism, there are scattered discussions of epistemological issues. The distinguishing feature of Islamic mysticism from other mystical branches is the high and stable position of knowledge in it. Jami (d. 898 AH) has also dealt with the issue of knowledge and related issues. The main question is what issues has he raised about this science and to what extent? This research has been done in a descriptive-analytical way in his works and the results show that knowledge is a gift from God and the basis and the results of his journey depend on knowing Hagh, so that the one who attains the true knowledge has reached the level of annihilation and survival of God. He has made important discussions about the degrees of knowledge and the place of the senses, intellect, heart,unveiling and finding. According to him, the level of human knowledge is to the extent that with the manifestation of truth, he can become aware of his proven condition. Manuscript profile

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56 - Explaining the position of the President in the Constitution from the perspective of the efficiency of political institutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran
seyedreza shakeri

Political institutions in the light of the evolution of political thought and theories can show new possibilities and limitations. The President has an important and decisive position in the Iranian Constitution, which stems from the direct vote of the people, the ratif More

Political institutions in the light of the evolution of political thought and theories can show new possibilities and limitations. The President has an important and decisive position in the Iranian Constitution, which stems from the direct vote of the people, the ratification of the Supreme Leader, the representation of Iran's national sovereignty in relation to other countries, and its symbolic national face.Today, when the power of states and governments has diminished and, instead, human and individual responsibilities have been highlighted in various spheres of society, politics, and economy and in common human issues, the position of the President, according to new readings, acquires such capacities.Today, as the power of states and governments has diminished and, instead, human and individual responsibilities have been highlighted in various spheres of society, politics, and economics and in common human issues, the position of the President, according to new readings, acquires such capacities.The question of this research is what is the role and position of the president in the constitution according to the efficiency indicators and how can this position be promoted in practice to increase his efficiency? The position of the President is studied in this article with the aim of recognizing and explaining the new possibilities of political action.This effort is based on the components of efficiency within the normative institutional theory. The results show that all the human and cultural content of Constitution can show and reveal new functional aspects for president according to those components. Manuscript profile

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57 - Designing a future-oriented electoral model in local management
hassan kamran

In this article, in order to present a new model in local elections, the suggestions of electoral models have been used and the city of Tehran has been selected as the study. The source of data collection was in-depth interviews with experts and analysis of laws and reg More

In this article, in order to present a new model in local elections, the suggestions of electoral models have been used and the city of Tehran has been selected as the study. The source of data collection was in-depth interviews with experts and analysis of laws and regulations in this field, and the data were analyzed using the content analysis method. The present study with an applied-developmental approach and based on the field method to the question "How effective are the fundamental reforms in the council and municipal elections in the performance of local institutions?" Has answered. The research results show that, according to the experience of developed and successful countries in urban development and local affairs management, development steps should be taken from part to whole with experimentation and experience. In general, electoral reforms are very important in the performance of local government and increase the role of local citizens in appointing managers and commenting on the way local government is run. Manuscript profile

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58 - Comparative Study of Islamic and Western Perspective of Women’s participation in economic activities
Soheila Biria

10.52547/row.2.2.41

Women make up half of the world’s population. Therefore, their economic activities, as half of the community workforce, are very effective in achieving economic growth and development. Different societies have different views about the extent of women’s participation in More

Women make up half of the world’s population. Therefore, their economic activities, as half of the community workforce, are very effective in achieving economic growth and development. Different societies have different views about the extent of women’s participation in economic activities. In the west view, Women enter the labor market without any restriction and engage the economic activities. Their job role is primarily in priority and important than the role of their mother and wife. But in Islam views, while emphasizing woman’s participation in economic activities, their roles as mother and wife are emphasized. Islam accepts woman’s employment under certain conditions. In this research, an attempt has been made to examine these two perspectives and compare them with each other. Then, the consequences and results of these views on the current situation of women in these societies are examined. This article has been prepared by descriptive and analytical methods, using library information. Manuscript profile

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59 - Dimensional analysis as a method in research on Islamic city
Bahador Zamani ehsan babaei salanghoch

The applicability of the qualitative research system and its specific strategies namely grounded theory is worth considering for contributing to the knowledge with the valid scientific theories and doctrines in order to raise the level of awareness and to help predict a More

The applicability of the qualitative research system and its specific strategies namely grounded theory is worth considering for contributing to the knowledge with the valid scientific theories and doctrines in order to raise the level of awareness and to help predict and solve the existing problems of the urbanity and urban planning particularly in Islamic contexts. Grounded theory as one of the strategies of qualitative method has been developed with various readings in recent decades. Dimensional analysis as one of the readings of the grounded theory, being devised by Schutzman has been applied in various scientific disciplines; however, this method has been less used in urban research. This paper demonstrates the capabilities of this method for research in general and Islamic city research in particular. Accordingly, two questions are asked: What is the process and capability of the dimensional analysis method? To what extent is this method applicable to Islamic city research? The paper is organized into two main sections. In the first section, the background, philosophical foundations and theoretical underpinnings and steps of the dimensional analysis method are discussed taking into consideration the possibilities and capabilities of this method for research. In the second part of the paper, this method is used for a sample study in Islamic urban context. In this section, the concept of Islamic city has been studied by various scholars scrutinizing the various dimensions and methods used to construct this concept and provide an explanatory framework in this regard. The results of this section come up with six distinct models of Islamic city in related texts and narratives, including Islamic habitat (not city) model; timeless city model; physical model; Muslims’ city model; Islamic civilization model; and city-in-Muslims’ territory model. The findings of this study not only emphasize the advantages and usefulness of dimensional analysis for urban research, but it also implies that any use of this method –such as any other quantitative and qualitative methods – requires its own related ontological and epistemological considerations and adaptation in line with the research details particularly its aim/s and question/s. Manuscript profile

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60 - A study on Islamic architecture quiddity
sattar khaledian

Islamic architecture is a recurring term in research on Islamic art and civilization. A wide range of works made in the Islamic world has been named with this word and scholars have tried to define and mention its features, in which, there is almost no relationship betw More

Islamic architecture is a recurring term in research on Islamic art and civilization. A wide range of works made in the Islamic world has been named with this word and scholars have tried to define and mention its features, in which, there is almost no relationship between Islam as a divine religion and architecture, and only the characteristics of buildings are mentioned. In this research, came to light by descriptive-analytical study method based on gathering of information in the library, after the analyses of the definitions of Islamic architecture, two questions are asked about it: what it is and when did this form of architecture begin and end. Therefore, based on the inference from Quranic verses and religious doctrine, Islamic architecture refers to a type of architecture that, rather than seeking a specific shape and form, should help Muslims to achieve perfection and the ultimate goal of human creation, which is to worship God. This kind of architecture started at the same time with the mission of the Holy Prophet “PBUH” and will continue until the end and will not be limited to a specific region and a specific time. Manuscript profile

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61 - identifying the obstcales of knowledge based spinoff companies in Islamic Azad University
hakimeh niky esfahlan mohammad reza hallaj yousefy heidar mortezapour

Today's economy is a knowledge economy, and among them, the role of knowledge-based companies in the development and application of science and in the economic growth and development of present societies as a prominent role is of particular importance. In this regard, u More

Today's economy is a knowledge economy, and among them, the role of knowledge-based companies in the development and application of science and in the economic growth and development of present societies as a prominent role is of particular importance. In this regard, universities as the most important vehicle for the production of science due to its special conditions and characteristics, including model and excellence for other institutions and organizations are trying to keep up with the production of science and knowledge in its application through the creation of knowledge based spinn-off companies. But like other activities in this regard, there are still obstacles that despite the efforts of this group of organs has not achieved a good and successful result so far, so this study with the approach of identifying these obstacles tries to take a step towards removing these obstcales and to facilitate the application of knowledge through universities. This research is classified as applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive survey method has been used to collect research data. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that in the first stage of identifying barriers were distributed among 80 people and in the second stage of prioritizing these barriers among experts including 12 faculty members in different fields of Hadishahr Branch of Azad University. In this study, we used factor analysis method to identify barriers in the first stage, which resulted in identifying three categories of environmental, organizational and individual barriers in creating rspin-off companies in university . The results of prioritizing barriers using group AHP method showed organizational barriers is placed in the first place, respectively, environmental barriers are in the second place and individual barriers are in the third place to the establishment of university knowledge-based spin-off companies Manuscript profile

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62 - Comparative study of moral education Iran, China and America in the modern age in higher education
hasan malaki zakiya abbasi abas abbaspour saeed beheshti

Ethics is an essential component durability and consistency of human societies and moral strength of any society depends on its. The aim of the study was to investigate approaches to moral education in three countries Iran, America and China in general and higher. The r More

Ethics is an essential component durability and consistency of human societies and moral strength of any society depends on its. The aim of the study was to investigate approaches to moral education in three countries Iran, America and China in general and higher. The research method is comparative qualitative survey And required data through library documents, investigative reports and search the World Wide Web is obtained And using a range pattern that describes four steps, interpretation, and compared to the comparative studies indicate proximity; After presenting the facts pertaining to moral criticism similarities and differences and the strengths and weaknesses of each country in this field deals. The results shows that all approach get in religion in any country And stages of moral development in non-Islamic approaches, especially cognitive approach are fixed and unchangeable. While the Islam moral laws and ordinances knows absolute and actual . And except Islam Other approaches emphasize only one aspect of moral education Manuscript profile

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63 - A Comparison of Western Psychological Forgiveness Model with that of Quran’s

The aim of current study was to compare the western psychological forgiveness model with Islamic forgiveness model. In the western psychological forgiveness model in Enright model (1991) forgiveness includes Uncovering, Decision, Work and Deepening. In the same vein, co More

The aim of current study was to compare the western psychological forgiveness model with Islamic forgiveness model. In the western psychological forgiveness model in Enright model (1991) forgiveness includes Uncovering, Decision, Work and Deepening. In the same vein, content analysis and computerized stylistics method and scrutinizing religious scripture were applied in order to compare Islamic and Western forgiveness model. Scrutinized results indicated that the Quran’s verses in regards to the continuum of forgiveness revealed that four stages of forgiveness (Afve) overlooking (Safh), covering up faults (ghofran) and empathy (Rahma) appeared in an arranged way in order to focus on the deeper process of forgiveness. In Islam, there has been a strong emphasis on mercy and forgiveness of God, and such representations stress God’s merciful nature as well as a reflection of the richness of Islamic culture. Manuscript profile

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64 - EVALUATION OF COLLAGE STUDENT CULTURE LEVEL IN GRADUATE STUDENTS (CASE STUDY): STUDENTS IN AZAD UNIVERSITY OF REGION 5)
Amir Hossein Mohammad Davoudi

The principal objective of this paper is to evaluation of student’s cultural level in graduated students. Methodology of gathering information is descriptive. Sampling population consisted of M.S student’s of Azad University in region 5.sampling volume according to “Coc More

The principal objective of this paper is to evaluation of student’s cultural level in graduated students. Methodology of gathering information is descriptive. Sampling population consisted of M.S student’s of Azad University in region 5.sampling volume according to “Cochran” formula 364 person estimated and for choosing samples, composing method (random and clustering methods) selected. Data collection instrument was 91 notion questionnaires with 5 point Likert according to Birmingham, Shayne, Arnold, Engelhard and Straus. Validity of the instrument from external, content and identity verified and overall stability was calculated in 99%. Data analysis was performed by Cronbach’s Alpha, AVE, Root of AVE, K-S and one Sample t-test. Results suggest that cultural ,social ,religious ,technical ,economical ,and individual levels of case study students was higher than average, and international and political levels of case study students was lower than average Manuscript profile

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65 - The effect of Islamic work ethics on organizational culture and organizational health in RIPI

In this paper the effect of Islamic work ethics on organizational culture and organizational health in Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI) is studied. Statistical population includes all employees who are working at RIPI. By using of Cochran test, 314 person More

In this paper the effect of Islamic work ethics on organizational culture and organizational health in Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI) is studied. Statistical population includes all employees who are working at RIPI. By using of Cochran test, 314 persons are selected randomly as a sample in this study. The research methodology is descriptive and standardized questionnaires are used to collect data. To assess the relationships between latent variables in the conceptual model structural equation modeling is used. The results of analysis reveale that, there is a significant positive correlation, among these variables. Also in this study, the role of organizational culture as a mediator variable in the relationship between Islamic work ethics and organizational health is confirmed Manuscript profile

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66 - The evaluation of adaptation teaching-learning methods with Islamic moral curriculum goals

The purpose of the study Evaluate adaptation teaching-learning methods used by Professors with islamic moral curriculum objectives, and was reaserch method combined (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical opulation 273 students and statistical sampie 157 student More

The purpose of the study Evaluate adaptation teaching-learning methods used by Professors with islamic moral curriculum objectives, and was reaserch method combined (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical opulation 273 students and statistical sampie 157 students were selected by Stratified random method. For collecting data used Questionnaire containing 48 questions to assess students' views with reliability 972/0, Teaching observation form with 47 questions with the reliability of the 0.094, Analysis 178 exams and Interviews with professors of Islamic moral. data analysis using with descriptive statistics and t-test in SPSS software and qualitative analysis showed: From the, students perspective teaching- learn methods taken to work in teaching this lesson at the with objectives cognitive, emotional and behavioral alignment is low. Results from the Views indicate alignment with the goals of this course is the relationship between faculty members and students at all levels of cognitive, emotional and behavioral. But the process of instruction, their use of appropriate teaching strategies, and methods used in the teaching process as an essential component of teaching and learning methods in line with the objectives of this course is teaching at the cognitive, affective and does not behave. The prevailing of teaching method was explanation. Did not evaluation methods used in the evaluation of students' academic achievement in line with the levels of the course objectives in cognitive, emotional and behavioral did not Manuscript profile

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67 - Ethics debate in the Islamic government
Mohsen Malek Afzali Ardakani

The debate is seen as an efficient tool in governmental systems, for political, scientific, cultural, and religious awareness today. This issue has also been supported and considered by many in the Islamic government. This research aims to explain which indexes and fram More

The debate is seen as an efficient tool in governmental systems, for political, scientific, cultural, and religious awareness today. This issue has also been supported and considered by many in the Islamic government. This research aims to explain which indexes and frameworks idealize the debate in the format of moral obligation. The ethical and legal frameworks should be taken into account so as to achieve the goals of debate and to avoid possible harms. Ethical statements as one of the influential factors should be considered by the managers in the Islamic state planning. The researcher tries to present an analytical-descriptive study based on authentic Islamic sources, holy verses of the Quran, and traditions of the infallibles to be considered in Islamic policies Manuscript profile

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68 - Explanation of sociological and ethical bed the foundations of dialogue in the thought of Imam Khomeini (RA)

This article pays with sociological explanation, to examine foundations of dialogue in the thought of Imam Khomeini (RA), using the method of documents, content analysis of texts, and emphasized the literature of derived for the Koran, and Max Weber's theory of charisma More

This article pays with sociological explanation, to examine foundations of dialogue in the thought of Imam Khomeini (RA), using the method of documents, content analysis of texts, and emphasized the literature of derived for the Koran, and Max Weber's theory of charismatic leadership and Crane Brinton's theory of revolution. In the documents taking notes from most of works of Imam Khomeini (RA). The Imam greatness is that we can show originality thought in his work, so pay attention to Imam Khomeini's thought is needed more than the past.The Imam with ethics and his transcendent character could convert intellectual discipline to social order with new structure, and he challenged with critical analysis the discourse of previous them. So we can say, Imam has dialogue follow from prophets and from dialogue method is used further in explanation and reform and Distribution , of course if there is no result, he did insurrection and war. Imam with his interactive approach, thought of unilateral and biased deposited to Museum of history of thought. He has done affairs in diplomatic exchanges according to ethical principles and good of society and disposal of corruption. So in the analysis of their ideas, it should be noted, the proven principles of their thought. Design of religious thought and ethics in the world and globalization of Islam, awareness, distinguish real Islam from American Islam, special attention to human resources, application of concepts based on Islam, mutual respect and observance of justice between governments, thought expedient, pondering and realism, believing people, Futurology are foundations of his dialogue Manuscript profile

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69 - Investigating and reviewing Nasir al-din's point of view about justice

Analyzing the fundamental concept of justice has special situation and great importance in the mind of any philosopher. Nasir al-din is one of the great philosophers who has precious words and has written great works about justice. By using an integrated approach of the More

Analyzing the fundamental concept of justice has special situation and great importance in the mind of any philosopher. Nasir al-din is one of the great philosophers who has precious words and has written great works about justice. By using an integrated approach of the ideas of the Greek philosophers (Plato and Aristotle votes) and philosophical and theological teachings and by wisdom and theology tools, Nasir al-din could make clear the neglected theological dimensions of justice and explain Islam's approach to the issue of justice. By benefiting from this method, he has created coordination among justice and other parts of practical wisdom of Islam. In this study, by referring to Nasir-al-din’s works especially Akhlaq-i-Nasri, it has tried to explain the statue of justice in Nasir al-din’s intellectual framework in an analytical-descriptive method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

70 - Meta-analysis of studies related to Islamic Work Ethics

Subject: Neglect organizations work ethic and weakness in ethics in dealing with human resources can create problems for organizations. Also discussion of ethics and especially Islamic work ethics is important in Iranian society. This attention to Islamic work ethics ha More

Subject: Neglect organizations work ethic and weakness in ethics in dealing with human resources can create problems for organizations. Also discussion of ethics and especially Islamic work ethics is important in Iranian society. This attention to Islamic work ethics has made in recent years much research done on the related variable in the workplace. Due to an increase in Islamic work ethics research and identify the related variable to it، this study aimed to investigate the related variable to Islamic work ethics in research conducted in Iran. Method: The research method of this paper is the meta-analysis. Population of the study almost scientific papers that are the subject Islamic work ethics in 2001 and 2015 were published. Finally، 16 papers selected and analyzed with the Comprehensive Meta-analysis software. Results: The results showed that relationship of 16 variables was evaluated with Islamic work ethics in previous research. Among these variables، organizational commitment، organizational justice and job satisfaction had the most related to Islamic work ethics. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the effect size between organizational commitment and Islamic work ethics approximately 0.55، was in high level. Also relationship between justice culture and Islamic work ethics was about 0.53 and in high level. Results show that the combined effects of the relationship between job satisfaction and Islamic work ethics the equivalent of 0.27، was in weak level. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

71 - Critical thinking and Islamic training: Difference and similarity's dimensions
Mohammad

The goal of research is the dimension of differences and similarities thinking and Islamic educating and training and the method of studying in describing document analysis. The tool of data gathering is indexing from resources and written documents in educating and Isl More

The goal of research is the dimension of differences and similarities thinking and Islamic educating and training and the method of studying in describing document analysis. The tool of data gathering is indexing from resources and written documents in educating and Islamic training and critical thinking. The information which gather are shown follows; 1- analysis، comment، evaluation، presumption، explaining and self-regulating from critical thinking that has paid attention and emphasis on both matters.2. The goal of Islamic training is of please God، but critical thinking is the growth of mental skills that is the basic differences between two categories. 3. With respect to Islamic training view point critical thinking is one the thinking goals in achieving intellectualization and moving all around nel the world or and where or one and God direction. 4. With attendance to Islamic emphasis on unrecieieving works without reason and proof contradiction that critical thinking is one of the social and rational growth principles in Islamic training. 5. Critical thinking is the most important growth and movement process that is completing dated. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

72 - The Role of Islamic Work Ethics and Service Culture on Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Accountability, and Social Responsibility
Abolfazl Ghasemzadeh

The current research is done to investigate the mediatory role of Islamic work ethics (IWE) on relationship between Service Culture and Individual Accountability, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Social Responsibility among staff of Tabriz and Shahid- Madani Univ More

The current research is done to investigate the mediatory role of Islamic work ethics (IWE) on relationship between Service Culture and Individual Accountability, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Social Responsibility among staff of Tabriz and Shahid- Madani Universities. The statistical population was included of company staff among whom 200 Faculty’s member were selected using Cochran formula. The research method was descriptive– correlative method– and was applied standard questionnaires for gathering information. In order to evaluate relation between measured and latent variables in the conceptual model, the structural equation model was utilized. The results indicate that, there is a positive and significant correlation between these variables excepting the path of service culture and social responsibility. Moreover, the mediator role of IWE in relation between variables of service culture & social responsibility and also service culture & individual accountability was approved. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

73 - The Position of Islamic Values in the Principles of Flexibility in Contemporary Houses

Flexible housing presents strategies in designing in order to meet the constantly changing demands of human beings. In Islam, these needs within the framework of Islamic values resulted from heavenly names and Islamic morals form positive and negative attributes in ord More

Flexible housing presents strategies in designing in order to meet the constantly changing demands of human beings. In Islam, these needs within the framework of Islamic values resulted from heavenly names and Islamic morals form positive and negative attributes in order to define the theoretical mechanism of this approach. By overlapping Islamic values in general with the approach of flexibility, the present study tries to show that how Islamic values can be reflected in the principles of housing flexibility and determine a correct connection with the principles of Islamic architecture. In this direction, with a descriptive and meta-analytical method using library and field-study ,the Islamic values effective in housing(territory, dignification, emphasis on gathering , beauty and remembrance)that are among the most remembrances in Islam from mythical and ethical resources were prioritized with AHP systematic analysis, with the help of Expert choice software and the questionnaire of Islamic science experts. In fact the quantitative values of the criteria and sub-criteria ,determine the sensitivity of presence of each value accompanied with its sub-criteria as well as in general. At the end it was revealed that territory holds the highest criteria and sub-criteria significance and determining the hierarchy and apposition of spaces with the goal of limiting future changes has to be placed in the first place of the principles of flexible housing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

74 - Divine Paradigm Explanation for Environment and Natural Resources Preservation Education
Mansour shahvali

Environment and Natural resources destruction is rooted in modern man’ paradigm and his relationship with himself and the universe. This happened because of technology intensive use as well as ignorance of traditions; however, these two led to environmental crisis. To r More

Environment and Natural resources destruction is rooted in modern man’ paradigm and his relationship with himself and the universe. This happened because of technology intensive use as well as ignorance of traditions; however, these two led to environmental crisis. To resolve this problem, the mankind must change his behavior morally according to a divine paradigm. In this study, Two methods were used: the document review method was to study natural resources preservation education literatures. The explanation method was used to explain why we need a divine paradigm for preservation of natural resources education .The outcomes of this study are explaining ontology, epistemology, methodology, anthropology and axiology of divine paradigm for preservation of Environment and natural resources education. Although the various ways are recommended to prevent crises in natural resources context however, Environment and natural resources researchers and planners believe that relying only on technical advices is not essentially applicable. Because these crises represent a human tragedy: ignorance of God Who is creator of the universe. For this reason a divine paradigm based on "Analytical/scientific knowledge", "Metaphysical Knowledge" and "Religious/ethical Knowledge" is essential. This paradigm can be used by planners and officials for preservation of Environment and natural resources education. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

75 - Morals of pedagogy in Islamic life style
سیدعلی موسوی

The main subject that has been noticed in this study is “Morals of pedagogy in Islamic life style”. Excessive importance of “life style” in people’s social, cultural and political lives, and also essential consequences of these life styles have been the center of atten More

The main subject that has been noticed in this study is “Morals of pedagogy in Islamic life style”. Excessive importance of “life style” in people’s social, cultural and political lives, and also essential consequences of these life styles have been the center of attention of scientists from different fields. Therefore scholars from various fields such as, sociology, psychology, cultural studies, anthropology, medicine and theology etc. have studied part of this concept from their own point of view. The term, itself is a product of modern world, in which, it is shaped by weakening structural variables such as, social class, choices, emotional behaviors. While in Islam, it is shaped through divine instructions, pedagogical role models and patterns which are the basis for formation of the person’s identity and existence. In the modern world, besides its features and evolutions such as, developments and improvements of technological and communicational equipment, Islam causes progress, prosperity and excellence of humanity by presenting its special life style. Current paper will study intents and purposes of pedagogy in Islamic life style, pattern and society based pedagogy in social life style, concept of responsibility and replacement of divine virtues in Islamic life style. The paper will also take a glance at the role of spirituality in upbringing of educated people and also the role of governments in formation of life style. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

76 - The Criminology of Religious Terrorism in Shi'a Ethics
Sayed Mahmood MirKhalili

According to some writers, mid 1970s, with the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, a new generation of terrorism is being created and any liberation action in Shi'a governments of the Middle East, as a result of Iran's provocation and it is an example of religiou More

According to some writers, mid 1970s, with the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, a new generation of terrorism is being created and any liberation action in Shi'a governments of the Middle East, as a result of Iran's provocation and it is an example of religious terrorism. So the authors of this article referring to historical facts and applied ethics, will show that what is now known as " Shi'a terrorism" is Origins in the term evangelical "holy assassination". Sanctuary from religious immorality as a result of fundamentalism Jewish thoughts and of Christianity and this term is the first time, in their religious books, they have come up against them and Islamic Shi'a Ethics, has offered her plans to forbid such behaviors. Ethical Implications Based on Imam's Behavior (Peace be upon them) and thus adhere to the teachings of the Holy Qur'an whereby all human beings are equal and the surprise of killing them, it is prohibited and prohibited with any excuse and motive Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

77 - Interpretive Structural Modelling of Commitment to Islamic Values, Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility in Iranian Food Manufacturing Companies
احسان ساده

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role commitment to Islamic values in improving business ethics and social responsibility in food manufacturing companies. Business ethics are all of those principles and norms that determine the behavior of the organi More

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role commitment to Islamic values in improving business ethics and social responsibility in food manufacturing companies. Business ethics are all of those principles and norms that determine the behavior of the organization. Islamic values and principles represent the way of a perfect and sublime life. Therefore, a business organization can not be separated from these lofty principles. Islamic ethics in is based on the principles are assigned by Islam to business owners towards all stakeholders (including employees, customers, partners and society). Corporate social responsibilities are the consequences of business ethics. If an organization from any kind industry has sufficient commitment to ethics in their activities, it could not forget its social responsibility. With purpose of investigating the role commitment to Islamic values in improving business ethics and social responsibility Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) was applied. The results indicated the 10 factors related to commitment of the organizations to Islamic value could be considered as the valuable infrastructure for business ethics and corporate social responsibility Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

78 - Analyzing the Capacity of Islamic Ethics in the Protest Movement of the Palestinian Jihadists on the Israeli National Security Doctrine

Zionists know well that in Islamic ethics jihad is a defensive but not aggressive war; Muslims do not fight for the purpose of securing and violating the rights of non-Muslims; it is the struggle of Muslims to preserve the existence of the Islamic society and defend Isl More

Zionists know well that in Islamic ethics jihad is a defensive but not aggressive war; Muslims do not fight for the purpose of securing and violating the rights of non-Muslims; it is the struggle of Muslims to preserve the existence of the Islamic society and defend Islam. This article, based on the SWOT model, will show that the Muslim-Palestinian struggle against Islamic racism against rapes of the Zionist regime does not mean war, violence, and morality common in today's wars, but Palestinians, in any case, value moral values in accordance with religion. Islam is respected and the battlefield is considered as the stage of defending the legitimacy of the religion of Islam and its homeland; this paper seeks to analyze the matrices of the Arab Spring and the security of Muslim Palestinians in a comprehensive view of the efforts of the resistance movement and the Hamas movement based on Islamic morality To protect the security of the Palestinian people against the Zionist regime's national security doctrine T offer Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

79 - Methodology of Extracting and Correct Inference from Islamic teachings to Obtain Design Strategies based on Ethics and Faith (Case Study: Islamic Housing Design)
hamed hayati Ahmad amin pour ramin madani

What and how the city and Islamic housing in Islamic teachings require extensive reflection and correct inference in the sources of these teachings. Since Islamic teachings have beneficial effects on biological spaces, including housing, it is important to study and res More

What and how the city and Islamic housing in Islamic teachings require extensive reflection and correct inference in the sources of these teachings. Since Islamic teachings have beneficial effects on biological spaces, including housing, it is important to study and research in this regard. Although the principles of Islam are fixed and irreversible truths that have been laid down for all time, but the farewell is high and ijtihad is necessary. That is, at any time and time, it is necessary for specialist experts to adapt the principles of Islam to the changing issues that occur in time, and to determine what these issues are based on. It is evident that the principles laid down for the housing laid down from this The rule is not an exception and should be recognized and adapted to the rules and conditions of the time. The Islamic teachings presented in the Holy Qur'an and the Word of the Imams (PBUH) provide conceptual and practical strategies in the form of metaphysical and metaphysical principles, which can be utilized on the condition of observing certain principles and inferences. This research seeks to explain the methodology of extracting and correctly deducing Islamic teachings for designing housing design strategies. The research method of this research is a hybrid method (consisting of qualitative content analysis and rational reasoning) which, using this method and based on the narrative teachings of the school of Islam, hints for the inference of the Islamic teachings for their application in architectural design Housing is said to be a step forward in the pursuit of genuine Islamic architecture. The results of the research show that the main factors shaping the "Islamic Housing" are categorized into three main groups that their coherent and rational content will lead to the emergence of "Islamic Housing". The first factor is the "faith of the city" or the principles of their faith, from which we refer to the "intellectual space". The second factor is the "practical and moral principles" of Islam, from which we interpret the notion of behavior and the third factor in the housing structure, from which we refer to "objective space". This body is created by humans (the intellectual space) and with Islamic behavior (Islamic action and ethics), which explains the relationship between man and the outside world (including society, artistic environment and nature), which leads to the creation of space and environment. Which, while emanating from Islamic principles, refer to these principles and help human beings in the Muslim world. Manuscript profile

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80 - The Role of Islamic Culture and Ethics on the Development of the Personality of the Woman and the Family
Shahrbanoo chatri

Throughout history, women had not had a high rank and would often face cruelty. However, by daily increasing awareness of man and rapid social and human advances, the question aroused as to what is the real rank of women in society and family. In the present era, recogn More

Throughout history, women had not had a high rank and would often face cruelty. However, by daily increasing awareness of man and rapid social and human advances, the question aroused as to what is the real rank of women in society and family. In the present era, recognizing woman’s character is important from the standpoint of Islam. In Islamic community and as a consequence of the subtle school of Islam, woman educates and raises religious and hard- working people in addition to recovering her subtle statue in family. In this regard, the present research aims at investigating the role of Islamic culture in developing family and woman’s character. The present research is of the practical ones. The method of the present study is surveying. Throughout history, women have proven their value with deserve. Although the life teachings of Islam has had much influence in the way of making the personality of women alive, many facts have been concealed behind ignorance and superstition and women’s society has not yet been able to benefit Islamic culture as it should. The findings of the present research displayed that the Islamic culture has affected the progress and advance of woman’ character and family to a great extent. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

81 - Presentation¬ the model of the application of Islamic ethics in the field of command of the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Seyyed Abdul Rahim Mousavi Hassan Seifi

The present study aims to present the model of the application of Islamic ethics in command of the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method was qualitative - content analysis which used a coding method to classify information obtained through in More

The present study aims to present the model of the application of Islamic ethics in command of the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method was qualitative - content analysis which used a coding method to classify information obtained through in-depth interviews. The sample consisted of 208 senior military commanders and managers and cadre personnel of the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, who were chosen with snowball sampling. Accordingly, the model of the application of Islamic ethics in the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran was designed and presented. This model consists of three main categories (the basis of ethical leadership, the pillars of ethical leadership and the performance of ethical leadership). If the armed forces can implement the model with appropriate planning, the armed forces witnessed significant progress in the various ethical areas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

82 - Religious themes in poems Al-tayyeb al-samani
Bijan Karami

Poetry is one of the lasting effects of life, which has direct and inseparable emotions, emotions and human beings. This lasting work, if it serves the expression of the moral wisdom, the preservation of religious values, and the safeguarding of Islamic teachings, will More

Poetry is one of the lasting effects of life, which has direct and inseparable emotions, emotions and human beings. This lasting work, if it serves the expression of the moral wisdom, the preservation of religious values, and the safeguarding of Islamic teachings, will bring many spiritual demands to mankind and lead the society to the path of guidance because the poem with this The language is pure and there is a sense of purity and sincerity, inner sense, perfection, and beauty. The authors of this research, which are descriptive-analytic, have been devoted to the study of pure Islamic thoughts and religious truths and experiences in Sudanese Muslim poet al-Tayib al-Samsani's works. The findings of the research show that the poet, through the use of Quranic images and concepts and various literary techniques, such as the element of repetition, has contributed to the survival of religious thoughts in the mind of the audience. Manuscript profile

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83 - Investigating the status of woman in Islamic ethics, emphasizing the right of custody and women's employment in the rights of Islam and humanity
Ilnaz Ali Nejad seyed mahdi salehi reza nik khah sarnaghi

The family institution has been mainstreamed in Islam in its introduction to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and has been introduced as the most important framework for the development of the child. When parental separation occurs, the issue of custody and pri More

The family institution has been mainstreamed in Islam in its introduction to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and has been introduced as the most important framework for the development of the child. When parental separation occurs, the issue of custody and priority of the parties arises for the care of the child, which is similar to the circumstances, in the absence of the necessary conditions for the custody to be transferred to the opposite party. At the same time, today one of the indicators of human development is the extent to which women are present and how they play their roles in various fields of activity, which has a serious impact on other actions. The issue of protecting women's rights and non-discrimination on the basis of gender is a special issue. Success in this case needs to be paid for employment that is being tackled. For this reason, custody and employment are two related concepts, in which the maintenance and upbringing of the child requires income, which is realized with the aim of improving the continuous education of children based on the active participation of women in employment. Its apparent manifestation and manifestation in Islamic law is more evident than its application to human rights. Manuscript profile

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84 - Explaining and comparative critique of the paradoxes between the teachings of Immanuel Kant and Islam
seyed hashem golestani narges keshti arai

In order to educate the development of human personality and modify his behavior, philosophy of education is value-based education. In the religion of Islam, attention to values in the worldly and human wisdom has been considered both together and neglected from any one More

In order to educate the development of human personality and modify his behavior, philosophy of education is value-based education. In the religion of Islam, attention to values in the worldly and human wisdom has been considered both together and neglected from any one, in order to guarantee the happiness of his life in both physical and spiritual fields. This article is a descriptive method Provides an explanatory and comparative critique of the affinities and paradoxes between the teachings of Immanuel Kant and Islam. Findings show that Kant's education system originates from his moral philosophy. Kant considers the most important part of education as ethical education, the child should be accustomed to act in accordance with the general principles that it has found to be logical. This reflects the importance that Kant holds for man, his wisdom, and his will. Attention to Islamic education also leads to the formation of a human being that all of his existential dimensions are considered and not only considered cognitive, material or social, but all human areas have been considered. Manuscript profile

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85 - Guarantee for divorce, legal, moral and legal mediation
mahmud ghayumzadeh Tahereh Pour Nemati Shams Abad

Throughout history, apart from the political and religious issues and attitudes and tendencies and desires that are changing and progressive and sometimes in decline, the family as the main institution of each society is influenced by the various factors that make the j More

Throughout history, apart from the political and religious issues and attitudes and tendencies and desires that are changing and progressive and sometimes in decline, the family as the main institution of each society is influenced by the various factors that make the jurists , Jurists and ethical educators, in order to prevent the collapse of this basic institution of society, in order to secure the family from social anomalies, hands, to achieve various developments, and always at various dangers, including the fall and decline of morality. There are a number of rights and duties in the family. Whether among the various sciences that examine the family and its role in the upbringing of children, ethics is a matter of great responsibility, and perhaps all of the family-related sciences, including social sciences and law-based science, and morality-based psychology, and their own ethics Based on the Islamic teachings and verses, and given that the religious knowledge of the Islamic Shari'a has been given the most attention, the maintenance and preservation of the family center as the safest society of the pillar, it can be said that the science of ethics, The basis of the writing is the rights of the family. Manuscript profile

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86 - The charasteristics of good life in positive psychology and comparison to good life in Islamic sources
seyed morteza hoseini motlagh Rahim Mir,darikvandy

In this thesis we try to study the good life from positive psychology and Islam points of view and try to compare these two views through descriptive-analytical method. For positive psychologists Good life has discussed from two approaches: hedonism and eudemonia. Nowad More

In this thesis we try to study the good life from positive psychology and Islam points of view and try to compare these two views through descriptive-analytical method. For positive psychologists Good life has discussed from two approaches: hedonism and eudemonia. Nowadays, positive psychology has a eudemonic approach to the good life and concentrate on the individual virtues. It has some levels for the life and those one who pass those levels have reached to the good life. The thing which is necessary for passing the levels to reach the good life is taking benefit from all the potential faculties and capacities. Good life from Islamic point of view is discussed in the vaster realm in comparison with positive psychology. From Islamic point of view the life of human beings has two levels: world and hereafter which have very close relationship with each other. The good life in the Islam has a root in the salvation and it is evaluated with it. But the appearance of whole causes of the worldly salvation and the good life of the hereafter will occur in a certain period which called the reappearance era. Manuscript profile

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87 - Investigating the Mutual Ethical Monitoring of the State and the Nation in the Legal System of Iran and Islam
reza nik khah sarnaghi Mohammad Reza Yazdan Yar

Humanity has always sought to create a desirable human society, in accordance with its supreme ideals and desires. In such a society, it is necessary to consider the requirements based on the legal principles, social relations based on the social contract. From this per More

Humanity has always sought to create a desirable human society, in accordance with its supreme ideals and desires. In such a society, it is necessary to consider the requirements based on the legal principles, social relations based on the social contract. From this perspective, the pursuit of the rule of law can be regarded as a prerequisite for such a society. In the light of the rule of law, individual will always enters into the decision-making system and becomes a public demand or collective will, conflicting tendencies with public opinion are a disruptive symbol of collective identity and the material and spiritual assets of people in society. Serving the perfections of individuals and society, and the political and social structures derived from the people of the nation, set these common will and aspirations the main indicator of the direction of the political system, and pursue it, the rule of law, itself, not only the common identity Identifies members of the community, but also the mutual responsibility of sovereignty and government Kidd is the responsibility of each person to other people and in the light of the right to enjoy social welfare, prosperity, welfare and social security concept is eligible. Any kind of social or political setup needs control or oversight, the methods of monitoring and controlling it in terms of supervisory status and the mode of control predicted. In this paper, we have tried to apply the four types of quasi-predicted principles Eight of the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and discuss the assignments of its audience in the areas of such supervision. Manuscript profile

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88 - The study of spiritual intelligence and Islamic ethics in the religious education of high school girl students in Urmia with the role of Islamic teachings and Imam Khomeini's views
Parivash Mohammadi Gheshlagh

Imam Khomeini (S) points to the importance of education for many times about this issue, which is the concern of all of us that we have not been cultivated. The study of self-perfection and purification of morals is one of the greatest ammunition and intellectual necess More

Imam Khomeini (S) points to the importance of education for many times about this issue, which is the concern of all of us that we have not been cultivated. The study of self-perfection and purification of morals is one of the greatest ammunition and intellectual necessities. The attention to morality in Islam is referred to by all the prophets, because all the prophets have come to this end to make it possible for all people to enjoy moral virtues. In the importance of training, it is enough for them to teach the achievement of the prophets of human beings. In this research, the purpose of the study was to investigate spiritual intelligence in religious education of high school girl students in Urmia with the role of Islamic teachings and Imam Khomeini's views. In this regard, he examined various texts on different perspectives on spiritual intelligence and religious education of knowledge The female high school students were interviewed and interviewed by a total of 93 managers and teachers of religion and the life of the schools. We were able to obtain the role of Islamic teachings and Imam Khomeini's views and the extent to which teachers used these ideas in educating student. Manuscript profile

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89 - The role of Islamic ethics in desirable governance
Seyyed Zeinol-Abedin Mousavi Hossein Aghaei Jannat Makan NoorMohammad Nowruzi

Morality leads to a spiritual and inner development of mankind, and governance is the same as a policy that manages the administration of human society with the management and administration of society, how ethics, which are primarily an individual category and a kind o More

Morality leads to a spiritual and inner development of mankind, and governance is the same as a policy that manages the administration of human society with the management and administration of society, how ethics, which are primarily an individual category and a kind of cultivation of the soul and relationship with God, and introspection in it It is manifested by the governance of community management that deals with the affairs of people in all respects, and how fundamentally, in the heart of government and political sovereignty, is the practical wisdom of "ethics" to play? By studying the desirable governance indicators, we are well aware that the basis of all of them is focused on Islamic ethics. How can it be that with all this volume of the verses of the Word of Allah Majid and the claims of the infallible Imams and the leaders of religion, which have a completely moral dimension, good principles of accountability , Accountability, rule of law, justice, fair trial, the right to comment, participation, control and fight against corruption and transparency from the moral point of view are defined and interpreted but not ethical, therefore, ethics and sovereignty, no conflict and conflict with each other and Incidentally, all good indicators are based on Islamic ethics. Now, with the addition of all these good indicators based on the Islamic ethics, a better governed state. Manuscript profile

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90 - Investigating the Relationship between Islamic Labor Ethics and the Organizational Commitment of Employees and Its Impact on the Functional Dimensions of Industrial Clusters (Case Study: oil, Gas and Petrochemistry Industrial Clusters in Markazi Province)
reza yadegari Kamaleddin Rahmani Farzin Modarres Khiyabani

Each organization is trying to develop and improve the level of organizational commitment and loyalty of its employees in order to obtain sustainable benefits. One of the effective factors, emphasized in various researches, especially in the religious researches, is the More

Each organization is trying to develop and improve the level of organizational commitment and loyalty of its employees in order to obtain sustainable benefits. One of the effective factors, emphasized in various researches, especially in the religious researches, is the role of ethics in achieving this aim. In recent years, ethics has become especially important because of the failure of large companies and crises in various businesses. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Islamic labor ethic and organizational commitment and loyalty of employees and its impact on the functional dimensions of industrial clusters. In this research, the statistical population of the survey was the cluster of oil, gas and petrochemistry equipment manufacturers in Markazi province. the sample was selected among managers of companies active in this cluster through the Cochran formula. Data were collected through studying previous study and standard questionnaires and researcher-made questionnaires. To assess the reliability of these questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha test was used. The research hypotheses were tested using the Structural Equation Modeling (VAR) method via Smart PLS software. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between Islamic labor ethic and the functional dimensions of industrial clusters in this statistical population. Also, the organizational commitment of employees plays a mediating role in the relationship between Islamic Labor ethic and functional dimensions of industrial clusters. Manuscript profile

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91 - An Analytical Study of the Valuable Foundations of Islamic Education in the View of Mastery In order to develop a desirable school pattern
Leila Mirzaei Saeed Beheshti mohsen Imani naeini

based on the analysis of the axiological foundations of Morteza Motahhari (Iranian philosopher). The present research is an educational research of fundamental-applied type and it has employed an analytic-inferential research method. The requisite information was collec More

based on the analysis of the axiological foundations of Morteza Motahhari (Iranian philosopher). The present research is an educational research of fundamental-applied type and it has employed an analytic-inferential research method. The requisite information was collected using the (virtual or real) librarymethod and the tool employed to gather the information was note-taking. At first the concept of Islamic education, value and axiology was examined from ShahidMotahhari viewpoint, then the desirable school model was inferred and charcterized while adopting an analytical perspective to the axiological foundations of ShahidMotahhari. The findings of the research showed that: from the viewpoint of ShahidMotahhari the desirable school is the school where some virtues are taught including humanity, accepting the values in a climate replete with tranquility, respecting the learners, behavioral education along with the reflection upon the values, the values not being exclusively economic, formulating valuable and attractive goals, the science accompanied byaction, ethics-orientation, raising the individuals who have suffered injustice, seeker of absolute perfection, prayerful social peacemaker and the scholars who are social peacemakers, practice of nobility, accountability, enhancing the will of students, justice-orientation, administration of justice, enhancing the emotions properly, paying attention to praying programs, enhancing and nurturing the artistic aspects, creativity, lesson of nobility, humanity and morality. Manuscript profile

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92 - Explaining Islamic-Iranian Patterns of Education Based on Educational Options by Mulla Sadra
Somayyeh Marhaba Najmeh Vakili Mohsen Imani

Education is one of the issues that has been paid special attention to religious and non-religious philosophies for a long time. It is important to study the Islamic-Iranian model for the development of human beings in the science of education. The Islamic-Iranian patte More

Education is one of the issues that has been paid special attention to religious and non-religious philosophies for a long time. It is important to study the Islamic-Iranian model for the development of human beings in the science of education. The Islamic-Iranian pattern is a theoretical model with normative function. This pattern can be presented in mathematical or logical language and it is necessary to use the methods of today's science to explain complex matters. Islamic-Iranian theory is a theory based on the principles of Islam's insight and within the framework of Islamic ethics and law and is in accordance with Iran's conditions. The study of Mulla Sadra's thoughts suggests that in the thought of Mulla Sadra, man has a vertical movement and flow in the levels of existence. Sadra's anthropology is the point of convergence between religious, ethical, philosophical and mystical anthropology, according to ontological and epistemological foundations, such as the originality of existence, the essential motion, etc., the comprehensiveness of man according to the different degrees and categories, which are the lowest Levels, ie, Jimdi, begin to the last stage, namely, immortality, rational thinking and rational perception. So it deserves to reach the highest degree of being or to be at the lowest level with the opportunity of burning. Manuscript profile

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93 - Equality and Non-Discrimination in Social Security in Islamic State
Ramin Movahedi Seyyed Hossein Malekuti Hashtjin Abulfazl Ranjbari

Social Security is one of the most important mechanisms for the realization of social justice. Iran's legal system, especially after the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the spread of slogans of justice and equality, and the elimination of all forms of discriminati More

Social Security is one of the most important mechanisms for the realization of social justice. Iran's legal system, especially after the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the spread of slogans of justice and equality, and the elimination of all forms of discrimination and inequality, at least is in the pursuit of policies and programs to spread social justice through the social security mechanism in many constitutions and laws. The Islamic state of early Islam (Prophet's and Amir al-Momenin (pbuh) governments) views was based on establishing the principle of equality and non-discrimination in the welfare of Muslims. The Islamic State of Iran, whose constitution is regulated by the application of Islamic laws and principles, has also sought to establish the rules governing social security on the basis of principles such as the principle of equality and non-discrimination, and the legislator requires the Islamic state to interfere in its implementation and supervision. Therefore, social security laws in Iran, although as set out in its original objectives, have not been able to comply with the principles of Islamic laws, due to lack of resources and increased population, the efforts made represent the will of the Islamic State along the path to justice and equality in this category. Manuscript profile

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94 - Islamic indicators for selecting and recruiting human resources
Hossein Taj Abadi Kaveh Namvar

In Islamic teachings, the process for selecting the right people is not directly expressed but there exist some overviews. In Islam, it is mentioned that the decision on hiring the employees should be fair and rational, and since the believers are more honest, employees More

In Islamic teachings, the process for selecting the right people is not directly expressed but there exist some overviews. In Islam, it is mentioned that the decision on hiring the employees should be fair and rational, and since the believers are more honest, employees should be obliged to Islamic beliefs such as praying, fasting, zakat and so on. The human resource manager should consider such criteria while hiring the needed employees. The current research is accomplished to develop Islamic indicators of recruiting human resources and to clarify the relations among its components by conducting an explorative mixed method. The first step was a qualitative study (Delphi analysis) in order to propose the research model, and the second one was the quantitative study. To this end, a sample size of 225 employees of a public organization was randomly selected for data gathering. Obtained data resulted in one main aspect, 10 components and 24 indicators based on which a questionnaire was developed and distributed. Findings of the second step validated the proposed model since the construct of "Islamic HR Recruitment" was statistically associated with its components and indicators. Manuscript profile

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95 - Ethical requirements in Islamic banking
Ali Arabi Mahmoud Bagheri mahmoud erfani

A saying from the Holley Prophet of Islam says: “praying has 70 parts, the best one is Halal earning”. Accordingly the real believers strongly value the professional banking morality for earning Halal income and from their point of view the bank which is based on Islami More

A saying from the Holley Prophet of Islam says: “praying has 70 parts, the best one is Halal earning”. Accordingly the real believers strongly value the professional banking morality for earning Halal income and from their point of view the bank which is based on Islamic morality must follow 6 important aims as will be described in the article such as executing economic justice in the society. As a result the idea of Islamic Banking was first made in the 1950s and the first Islamic investment banking was established in Egypt and Malaysia in the 1960s. There are over 100 kinds of Islamic banks and the law of banking without usury was passed and enforced in 1983 after Iran Islamic revolution. The theoretical, religious jurisprudence and Islamic morality related discussions among the people who are the users of this method of banking and among the bank clerks who enforce this methods, is yet to be answered and they are not fully justified that this method is right from the religious point of view, and the money taken and given is usury. We have tried to survey the activities of the banks focusing on monetary value of time and value of money during time in Islamic jurisprudence and find an appropriate answer. It is clear that the banks pay profit to customers when attracts their money and receives profit from them when loans them. These two issues happen during time and the method of paying and taking profit separates the way of Islamic banking from regular banking. Usury that is clearly forbidden in Islam takes place in elapse of time. We have used indisputable contracts in religious jurisprudence such as Salaf (buying in advance) and Nesiyeh (selling in advance) to differentiate these two with usury. Manuscript profile

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96 - The explanation of the position of Human dignity right violator behavior in criminalization
Fatemeh Masroor Mohammad Taqi Fakhlae Hossein Naseri Moghaddam

The accepted criteria of criminalization are different in legal systems because in the process of criminalization, we are not faced with one principle and criteria, but several criteria and principles in turn play a role in the criminalization process. Therefore, in jus More

The accepted criteria of criminalization are different in legal systems because in the process of criminalization, we are not faced with one principle and criteria, but several criteria and principles in turn play a role in the criminalization process. Therefore, in justifying the criminalization of a behavior, several criteria may be considered by the legislator, such as preserving human dignity, protecting moral values, denying harm, preserving fundamental interests, establishing social order and implementing criminal justice, etc. Dignity is not only a religious value but also as a universal human value that is deeply emphasized in religious teachings including the Qur'an and in the world arena in the first half of the twentieth century with the issuance of the Declaration. Recognized by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Human dignity is the basis for the formation of two attitudes of morality and perfectionism on the basis of criminalization of legal systems. Dignity is not only a religious value but also a universal human value. In the view of morality, the violation of social values and in the view of perfectionism, in addition, the violation of moral values and damage to human personality and human character can also be criminalized, which can be done through legal requirements and guarantees of performance in politics. Criminal protection. Human dignity is one of the pervasive values of this world, which in the process of criminalization and criminal proceedings, also prevents unnecessary interference with criminal law, and in fact, by providing criteria and criteria such as the prohibition of cruel and disproportionate punishments as well as the prohibition of double punishment, torture And the instrumental use of human beings has limited the criminal rule of governments. In a dignity-based criminal policy, the interaction of human instinct with the rules of criminal policy is evident in all stages from the stage of criminalization to the execution of punishment and restoration of dignity. In the present article, while explaining the concept of human dignity and explaining its limits, an attempt is made to study the perspective on criminalization of behaviors that violate dignity, its principles and documents. Manuscript profile

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97 - nvestigating the Factors Affecting the Development of Internal Marketing in the Banking Industry (Commercial Bank Case Study)
Samira Asadi Mohammad Mahdi Mozafari Babak Haji Karimi Mahmood Noraei

Internal marketing is of particular importance today due to its indirect impact on the end customer due to the satisfaction of service staff. Internal marketing is the synchronization of organizational goals with human resources so that the role of human resources in ac More

Internal marketing is of particular importance today due to its indirect impact on the end customer due to the satisfaction of service staff. Internal marketing is the synchronization of organizational goals with human resources so that the role of human resources in achieving goals is clarified. In the meantime, the issue of ethics in economics and banking is raised, as financial crises in recent years have shown that the goal of utilitarianism in financial institutions, can have potential risks in the banking system and, consequently, society. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of examining the ethics in banking and the factors affecting the development of internal marketing in the banking industry. Analytical-descriptive is a branch of correlation.The statistical population of this study includes the total number of managers, deputies and heads of Tejarat Bank in all branches in Iran is 125. Due to the limited number of members of the statistical population, through the counting method, all The statistical population is considered as a sample.The primary data collection tool in this study was a questionnaire that, to ensure the validity of the questionnaire, the content validity method was used.Then the reliability coefficient or internal stability of the questionnaire based on the data obtained It was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient that the value of Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the whole questionnaire was 94%. It was found to indicate the appropriate reliability of the questionnaire used. Structural equation method and Smart PLS software were used to analyze the data. The results of the study in the field of ethics showed that the ethical teachings in banks have a positive and significant effect on the residents of this system, which reduces their greed and the consequences of corruption in society. Also, the compliance of Sharia and ethics in Islamic banking, in practice, faces obstacles that may lead to deviations from the goals of ethical Islamic banking. On the other hand, the results showed that the results showed that 4 dimensions, norm, strategic, executive and process have a positive and significant effect on the development of internal marketing. Manuscript profile

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98 - The role of the judiciary in the social prevention of crime based on the Iranian-Islamic model of education
Anvar Kheirabadi Javad Niknejad Mohammad Barani Mehdi Ismaili

Regarding the issue of crime prevention, Article 8 of the Constitution defines public and sovereign duty with regard to the issue of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil, but a group that considers the criminal phenomenon as a human and social issue that may Every More

Regarding the issue of crime prevention, Article 8 of the Constitution defines public and sovereign duty with regard to the issue of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil, but a group that considers the criminal phenomenon as a human and social issue that may Every religious community should emerge and consider the prevention of crime to require the use of scientific achievements and teachings, and with the premise that the need to implement criminal law, which is also mentioned in Article 4 of the Constitution, this "They conclude that according to Article 165, paragraph 5, of the Constitution, they consider the appropriate action to prevent the occurrence of crime and to correct criminals as the duties of the judiciary." Perhaps due to the unscientific approach to this issue, the role of crime prevention in the judiciary is a subjective and ceremonial matter, and as a result, a large number of elites, lawyers, criminologists and sociologists did not dare to criticize and enter into this issue, and this The subconscious issue led to the judiciary being dominated by criminals and the influence of power and wealth caused a structural crisis in the face of criminals, but with the emergence of new horizons and the helm of new judges and fundamental changes and the fight against White-collar and coarse-grained criminals have once again revived the hope in society that the judiciary is the flagship of the fight against crime and the criminal phenomenon, and more importantly, the forerunner of crime prevention. Manuscript profile

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99 - Resistance economic coordination with Jurisprudence and Islamic culture and the need for it to emerge of Imam Mahdi
Mahmud Ghayoumzadeh

The advent of the promised Imam Mahdi is one of the necessities in a religion that has been Imamia for several reasons it proved in Theology. And on the other hand, it is also fitted for field rather than doubt. Creating the right economic conditions and substrate in t More

The advent of the promised Imam Mahdi is one of the necessities in a religion that has been Imamia for several reasons it proved in Theology. And on the other hand, it is also fitted for field rather than doubt. Creating the right economic conditions and substrate in the most important and original is located in the direction of the field of the role and full color fitted storage have transition effects. In rising to present separate from the program and that there has been in the field of economic issues raised that to prove the program is located in the framework for the economy while compliance with the resistance, jurisprudence and Islamic culture, most near with the conditions for the emergence of the promised Imam Al-Mahdi is needed, can be fitted. Was trying to use the data loaders, library and an analysis of it, proving to be the divine tradition for the realization of the advent of the Imam Mahdi is not that the aforementioned purpose only to figure out the miracle and without interference, but also carried out under normal conditions and factors need to the appropriate economic conditions conditions that topped the attention and importance. Manuscript profile

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100 - A survey of the Shiite Studies in Islamic reference works Shiite entries Citation analysis in Encyclopedia World of Islam (EWI) and the Encyclopedia of Islam (EI)
Seyyed Ahmad Hoseinzadeh

Purpose: This study analyzed the Shiite articles references and Shiite entries and discussions in the Encyclopedia World of Islam (EWI) and the Encyclopedia of Islam (EI). The citation analysis method is used, and means of gathering data are Daricheh software and text More

Purpose: This study analyzed the Shiite articles references and Shiite entries and discussions in the Encyclopedia World of Islam (EWI) and the Encyclopedia of Islam (EI). The citation analysis method is used, and means of gathering data are Daricheh software and text mining. The statistic Population consists of all Shiite entries in both encyclopedias. Findings: The number of Shiite entries in EWI is eight times more than EI. All references in Shiite articles of EWI are 502 times (Shiite sources 199 times and Sunni sources 303 times) but in EI, only the sources of Sunni were referred (484 times). Shiite articles in EWI are more documented than the Shiite articles in EI. Conclusion: In both encyclopedias, there are many qualitative and quantitative differences in Shiite studies. The quantity of Shiite entries of EI is very low, but in EWI this defect was resolved. In compiling Shiite article of EI none of the Shiite sources were referred and just Sunni sources were referred whereas in EWI this case is adjusted Manuscript profile

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101 - Comparatively Surveys the Issue of "Determinism" and "Free Will" among Abraham Religions

This article comparatively surveys the issue of "determinism" and "free will" among holy religions. According to the heavenly religions, we want to distinguish the stand of free will in human being; moreover, whether Allah has created him in determinism or thoroughly gi More

This article comparatively surveys the issue of "determinism" and "free will" among holy religions. According to the heavenly religions, we want to distinguish the stand of free will in human being; moreover, whether Allah has created him in determinism or thoroughly given him free will is in the question. Separately surveying these issues in all three religions, this article distinguishably circulates theirs experts' verdicts; furthermore, it compares and adapts their verdicts to each, considering the differences, and finally it selects the appreciated and complete one. Initially we took a look at the verdicts of Ash'arīyūn, Mu'tazilah, and Shiite in the school of Islam, then the verdicts of jewish experts such as Sa'dīyā, Ibrāhīm ibn 'adhrā, and Ibrāhīm ibn dāvūd have been discussed. The verdicts of christian experts like Saint Augustines, Pelagius, and their companions have been examined at the end Manuscript profile

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102 - Resistance economic coordination with Jurisprudence and Islamic culture and the need for it to emerge of Imam Mahdi

The advent of the promised Imam Mahdi is one of the necessities in a religion that has been Imamia for several reasons it proved in Theology. And on the other hand, it is also fitted for field rather than doubt. Creating the right economic conditions and substrate in t More

The advent of the promised Imam Mahdi is one of the necessities in a religion that has been Imamia for several reasons it proved in Theology. And on the other hand, it is also fitted for field rather than doubt. Creating the right economic conditions and substrate in the most important and original is located in the direction of the field of the role and full color fitted storage have transition effects. In rising to present separate from the program and that there has been in the field of economic issues raised that to prove the program is located in the framework for the economy while compliance with the resistance, jurisprudence and Islamic culture, most near with the conditions for the emergence of the promised Imam Al-Mahdi is needed, can be fitted. Was trying to use the data loaders, library and an analysis of it, proving to be the divine tradition for the realization of the advent of the Imam Mahdi is not that the aforementioned purpose only to figure out the miracle and without interference, but also carried out under normal conditions and factors need to the appropriate economic conditions conditions that topped the attention and importance Manuscript profile

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103 - The Social Functions of Islamic unity (Vahdat) in the Thought of Imam Khomeini (RA) According to Political Unity
Seyyed Abolhasan Navvab

Imam Khomeini (RA) is a luminary person in the Islamic world who has been very affective in the Islamic world in the contemporary century that try to increasing the conditional life of Moslems for the betterment of Islamic society. Islamic unity (Vahdat) is a specific a More

Imam Khomeini (RA) is a luminary person in the Islamic world who has been very affective in the Islamic world in the contemporary century that try to increasing the conditional life of Moslems for the betterment of Islamic society. Islamic unity (Vahdat) is a specific and important viewpoint of Imam Khomeini (RA) before Islamic revolution and especially after it. There are two approaches for Islamic unity that are described by Muslim thinkers. One of them is proximity of Islamic schools (Taghrib) and other is political unity. So, in this article the theory of Imam Khomeini is analysed to show the approache of Imam Khomeini about Islamic unity (Vahdat) by descriptive analytical method according to all of speech, letters, messages of Imam Khomeini. In fact, first of all, the Social Functions of Islamic unity (Vahdat) in the Thought of Imam Khomeini (RA) is determined, after that this article is shown how those functions prove that the Imam Khomeini's theory of of Islamic unity is closer to political Islamic unity than the proximity of Islamic schools Manuscript profile

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104 - The role of the gentlefolks in the collapse of the Islamic Society from Quran and Hadith perspective in the years leading up to Ashura

Elite and gentlefolks of any society that conquer to the "right" and "wrong" sides, have a very important role in the orientation of people in various events. So if the gentlefolks of right side be able to practice "guidance and education" masses, happiness in this worl More

Elite and gentlefolks of any society that conquer to the "right" and "wrong" sides, have a very important role in the orientation of people in various events. So if the gentlefolks of right side be able to practice "guidance and education" masses, happiness in this world and the Hereafter for people will be provided, but if for any reasons, do not shirk their duties, the wrong side come into play and "crash" of the community will begin. Only half a century after the Prophet's death, Ashura event occurred in situation which a large number of companions Prophet – much of them are known as gentlefolks - were alive, but Hussein-bin-Ali in the desert of Karbala in the fight against the wrong side left alone along with his family and his loyal companions that were about 100 man and was killed. In this paper, based on Quran verses, traditions and historical sources, we review the role gentlefolks in the fall of the Islamic community Manuscript profile

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105 - Reading out the doubt of “contradiction between slavery and human” Personality from Islamic prospective

Among the posed doubt and issues is the contradiction between slavery and human personality. That is, while Islam gives personality to human, why has Islam confirmed slavery and not rejected it? What is the philosophy of this confirmation? This article has investigated More

Among the posed doubt and issues is the contradiction between slavery and human personality. That is, while Islam gives personality to human, why has Islam confirmed slavery and not rejected it? What is the philosophy of this confirmation? This article has investigated the issue in a descriptive and analytic method and field noting is used in gathering the data. The conclusion is that because deleting the slavery in society had been a time consuming process and although Islam confirmed it at first, conducted programs like blocking slavery origins, opening the freedom gates, surviving slaves’ personalities, etc. And Islam succeeded in this way so that today there is no slavery in Islam. Manuscript profile

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106 - The history of the concept of the articles of faith in Sunni theological tradition

The discussion of the principles of religion or the articles of faith is one of the most important discussions among Muslim thinkers. This important concept of the principles of religion or the articles of faith has its own history among Muslims. The concept of the five More

The discussion of the principles of religion or the articles of faith is one of the most important discussions among Muslim thinkers. This important concept of the principles of religion or the articles of faith has its own history among Muslims. The concept of the five articles of faith in Islam is not extant in Quran or in Hadith but has entered the works of Muslim theologians especially by the works of Mutazilites. In its early stages in the history, the concept of principles of the religion or the articles of faith was used in a general way and referred to the whole theological beliefs but later its usage has narrowed and just referred to some special theological creeds. In this period usually five items were referred to as the five principles of religion. Different theological traditions have their own principles of religion in the way that sometimes seven and even fifteen items were referred to as the principles of religion. Unlike the rationalist Mutazilites, there is no such a concept among Ash'arites or Maturidites. In this article we will survey the history of the changes the concept of the articles of faith experienced in Sunni Kalam tradition Manuscript profile

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107 - Historical Review of the Formation of Islamic Fundamentalism in Pakistan
mahdi imani Kyhan Barzegar

Today, the spread of radical and fundamentalist movements in the world has become a fundamental issue for the governments of the world. There are a variety of fundamentalism in different religions and religions that Islamic fundamentalism is about. In the Oxford politic More

Today, the spread of radical and fundamentalist movements in the world has become a fundamental issue for the governments of the world. There are a variety of fundamentalism in different religions and religions that Islamic fundamentalism is about. In the Oxford political dictionary, Islamic fundamentalism has been used to describe any movement that demands the full and unconditional implementation of the teachings of the Quran and the Sharia, which is due to the political, social, economic and cultural situation of the various countries with strong prejudice Sectarianism and violent movements.Undoubtedly, one of the most effective variables in the security policies of each country is the threats and opportunities created by the neighbors of that country. In the meantime, the immediate threats and dangers of the neighboring countries are likely to affect countries, which affect the political behavior, strategies, interests and national goals, national security, territorial integrity, survival and the existence of nations. Which is considered by Pakistan in this article Manuscript profile

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108 - Hazrat Zaynab Kobra's (S) feature in Farsi poetry
Ahmad Zakeri Mohammad Ali Rahimi

Though the cognitions of Imam Hossein entered into Persian poetry from third and fourth centuries and almost synchronous with Persian language birth, the name of Hazrat Zeinab has been used very limited and in very few cases in Persian poetry. In Safavi Dynasty, her nam More

Though the cognitions of Imam Hossein entered into Persian poetry from third and fourth centuries and almost synchronous with Persian language birth, the name of Hazrat Zeinab has been used very limited and in very few cases in Persian poetry. In Safavi Dynasty, her name has been entered into Persian Poetry a bit more serious. However, still the poets do not refer to her properly. In Ghajar dynasty, referring to the Karbala Lady’s character becomes prevail in Persian poetry and reaches its climax in the late part of Ghajar and the beginning part of Pahlavi time. Unfortunately, despite the willing of the poets in eulogizing and parsing Hazrat Zeinab, the picture of this great lady is only described as a grief-stricken, flagged, depressed, and crying. Even this honored lady is described as a weak, and disabled woman, hence her glory, respect, and magnificence are affected drastically. From the late part of Pahlavi dynasty which the contexts of Islamic revolution is formed, the poets’ view starts to change gradually and finally with Iranian Islamic Revolution the spirit of revolution penetrates into Zeinab poetries and the poets’ view is attracted to the glorious aspects of this heaven and earth lady. Therefore, some great works which deserve the position and personality of this lady have been created. This dissertation has investigated the spiritual picture of Hazrat Zeinab in Persian Poetry. Manuscript profile

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109 - Islamic Economics (Indicators of Economic Morality based on Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah)
Hamed Fath'aliani seyed hamid hoseini

No economic movement and especially jihadist ethics in the religious epistemic system can not be successful unless it is the path, path, and destination of the divine, and based on morality. By looking at the Holy Qur'an, we see the importance of the discussions of econ More

No economic movement and especially jihadist ethics in the religious epistemic system can not be successful unless it is the path, path, and destination of the divine, and based on morality. By looking at the Holy Qur'an, we see the importance of the discussions of economic ethics in the religion of Islam in such a way that the Almighty God made a significant portion of this great and humane book to various macro and sometimes microeconomic debates such as Halal, Haram, Makruh , Mustahab, divestiture, divine test through the world, khums, zakat, buying, selling, renting and even economic operations such as hunting, fishing, places of honor, fishing harbors, farming, diving, shipping, livestock and ... dedicated. In this regard, we first briefly describe the jihad and the economy, then consider the Indicators of the Holy Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah for the realization of Islamic economics in a society, and then some of the strategies of economic ethics contained in the Holy Qur'an and Nahj al-Balaghah And also the results and the effects of Islamic economics in this article, although we look at our low income Manuscript profile

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110 - The thought of Islamic scholars regarding sensory perception based on the viewpoint of Mulla Sadra philosopher
hossein imani moghadam

In this writing, the basics and preconditions of the discussion such as the recognition of the truth of the soul and body and its ability as the inductor or the sentient of perception, are specifically expressed in Mulla Sadra's view. In the following, the differences b More

In this writing, the basics and preconditions of the discussion such as the recognition of the truth of the soul and body and its ability as the inductor or the sentient of perception, are specifically expressed in Mulla Sadra's view. In the following, the differences between the views of the Islamic scholars in the discussion of the above are discussed as the introduction of the concept of perception and feeling, and these discussions will also differentiate the speeches of those intellectuals in the context of perception and feeling. In terms of perception, the author, after expressing the theory and foundations and the results of the discussion, regards those intellectuals, and especially Mulla Sadra, in expressing the differences and differences between the views of those Islamic scholars. In the final section, discussions on issues such as emotions and controversies have been considered, based on Mulla Sadra's principles and views on animal and human perception, and the attention is paid to the distinction between feelings in animals and humans. Manuscript profile

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111 - The Forbiddance of Takfir to Kiblah Believers on Viewpoint of Prolocutors and Jurists of Shia and Sunni
abbasali rostami

The problem of Takfir is more a theological issue than a juridical one, and it is faith-based, since many jurists and prolocutors maintain lack and rote between blasphemy and faith. In other words, if a human being does not have faith in God and monotheism, he/she is co More

The problem of Takfir is more a theological issue than a juridical one, and it is faith-based, since many jurists and prolocutors maintain lack and rote between blasphemy and faith. In other words, if a human being does not have faith in God and monotheism, he/she is considered as Kafir; however, due to the outcomes and consequences issued in jurisprudence, it is been of interest to jurists. In the present study, the viewpoint of popular Islamic scholar regarding Takfir for Kiblah believers is reviewed and it is discussed whether or not this issue is legal and approved on Islamic leaders vision. A majority of prolocutors and jurists of Shia and Sunni consider Kiblah believers as Muslim, and consider property, life, and sanctity for them. On the contrast,, a few people ignore the decree of their leader implying blasphemy to other Muslims and consider their killing as permitted. Manuscript profile

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112 - Psychological warfare from the perspective of Islamic teachings, with emphasis on the Qur'an and the views of the jurisprudents of Sunni religions
seyed hasan chavoshi seyed mohamad mehdi ahmadi

Psychological warfare has become the most important tool in providing the material for stateless systems, given the dramatic progress that has been made in various areas of life, especially in the field of information technology and social affairs. Psychological warfare More

Psychological warfare has become the most important tool in providing the material for stateless systems, given the dramatic progress that has been made in various areas of life, especially in the field of information technology and social affairs. Psychological warfare, although viewed from a historical perspective, dates back to the history of human wars, and, in the light of its dimensions, the realm of presence and influence, and the complexity, has made a great difference to the past. In the context of complicated situations in the field of human communication, psychological warfare is of great importance and is carried out in different ways. Given the importance of this issue in the present situation and the use of the enemies of Islam in this way to undermine the stability and stability of Islamic society, the present paper, in view of this concern, seeks to use some of the texts of jurisprudence and the instances of psychological warfare from the point of view Public jurisprudence, and its significance has been examined from this perspective. The findings of this research show that psychological warfare as a systemic effort to strengthen the morale of the forces of Islam and through the weakening and degradation of the spirit of the enemy of Islam, especially in the field of war, has been addressed by the jurists and Rooted in religious beliefs. Manuscript profile

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113 - Determining the role of organizational spirituality based on the Islamic values in enhancing organizational citizenship behavior in medical devises industry using DEMATEL
Ehsan Sadeh Zeinolabedin Amini Sabegh Alireza Nobari

One of the consequences for organizational spirituality based on the Islamic values is organizational citizenship behavior which is doing those actions that are more than routine tasks but are useful for others and the organization without any expectation. The aim of th More

One of the consequences for organizational spirituality based on the Islamic values is organizational citizenship behavior which is doing those actions that are more than routine tasks but are useful for others and the organization without any expectation. The aim of this study is to explore the interrelationships among organizational spirituality criteria based on Islamic values and organizational citizenship behavior in medical devises industry using DEMATEL technique. For this purpose, in the first step, 11 criteria were identified including 4 criteria for organizational spirituality and 7 criteria for organizational citizenship behavior. DEMATEL technique was applied based on the opinions of the 22 experts. Results advocated the important role of Religiosity and individual spirituality in improving organizational citizenship behaviors. Further the results confirmed the significance of positive thinking, alignment with values, trusteeship, work with meaning and sense of solidarity in the organization. Manuscript profile

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114 - Analysis dissident's atheism from the viewpoint of the narratives and Imams' jurists
ehsan avazpoor Ali Pourjavhari Mohammad Ali Heidari

The issue of the disbelief (Kufr) of the Shia's opposition (Mukhaalif) has been raised in many Shiite traditions, based on which, some Imami scholars considered the mukhaalif to be disbeliever (kaafir) and out of the realm of Islam. In terms of the meaning of mukhaalif, More

The issue of the disbelief (Kufr) of the Shia's opposition (Mukhaalif) has been raised in many Shiite traditions, based on which, some Imami scholars considered the mukhaalif to be disbeliever (kaafir) and out of the realm of Islam. In terms of the meaning of mukhaalif, Shiite narrations and the writings of Shi'ite scholars convey that mukhaalif includes all Muslims other than twelver Shiites. Though opposing (mukhaalafah) can be in various fields, such as believing in anthropomorphism (tajsim), materialization of Allah (tashbih), predestination (jabr) or delegation (tafwid), however, the most striking instance of opposing is the rejection of the Imamate and leadership of the twelve Imams. On the other hand, many traditions explicitly affirm that anyone who accepts the belief of the unity of God (tawhid) and the prophethood of Prophet Muhammad (s), is considered as a Muslim and all of the rulings of a Muslim are applicable to him/ her. The analysis of these two groups of traditions and referring to the other relevant traditions and the writings of Shiite scholars indicate that neither of Islam and kufr can be proved for the mukhaalif in an absolute manner, nevertheless, a separation between the various meanings of kufr and the different types of mukhaalif is necessary. What can be certainly proved is that kufr, in the sense of being out of the realm of Islam, is only applicable to the prejudiced mukhaalif, and the other two types of mukhaalif, being ignorant and denier, are considered Muslims. However, the inclusiveness of some traditions to all types of mukhaalif, and categorizing them as disbelievers is justified by the different levels and degrees of belief and disbelief. Manuscript profile

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115 - Comparative study of the goals of punishment in the beliefs and beliefs of customary law and Islamic teachings
Amir Vatani Amir hasan niaz poor Farzad Askari

In general, the purpose of punishment is to punish the criminal law of intimidating, punishing, reforming, disabling, restorative justice, and satisfying the offender. In this study, based on Qur'anic verses, narrations and hadiths, we have proved that the purpose of Is More

In general, the purpose of punishment is to punish the criminal law of intimidating, punishing, reforming, disabling, restorative justice, and satisfying the offender. In this study, based on Qur'anic verses, narrations and hadiths, we have proved that the purpose of Islam is from punishment The perpetrators are nothing more than the above objectives, with the difference that the goals of Islam are more general and more extensive than the legitimate aims of the law. Islam, in addition to worldly goals that are in accordance with the goals of modern legal or criminal law, There are other goals as the afterlife goals, which is the welfare of mankind in the hereafter. Therefore, considering that God considers in his own words the expediency of society and the people, in his decrees the interest of the worldly and the future of the people has been considered. So if there was a profit in punishment, but at a certain time and place it would be a loss for profit and its implementation would not be expedient. It can no longer be the purpose of the Lord, while it is true that the punishment has lost the goals of the Lord. However, the worldly goals of punishing criminals from the point of view of Sharia and Islam are in most cases with customary and criminal law It is in harmony with the worldly happiness of mankind, except for the bliss of the afterlife, So, as long as it is punishable by the fact that it is profitable, and if, once it benefits to a corruptor or causes the worship of Islam and does not result in the above objectives, it can no longer be considered by God, otherwise The face is not compatible with God's righteousness. Manuscript profile

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116 - Investigating the Low Growth Factors of Practical Wisdom in Islamic Philosophy from Ibn Sina to Mulla Sadra (With Emphasis on Ethics)
Mohammad Reza Asadi Gholamreza Badr,khani

Practical theosophy in Islamic philosophy is a sibling of theoretical theosophy. It is expected that it is paid attention to as much as theoretical theosophy; however, both in view of writings and inclusion of subjects, it is less booming. To recognize the factors caus More

Practical theosophy in Islamic philosophy is a sibling of theoretical theosophy. It is expected that it is paid attention to as much as theoretical theosophy; however, both in view of writings and inclusion of subjects, it is less booming. To recognize the factors causing this situation can be an introduction to its development in accordance with the needs of the contemporary era The arrival of philosophy in the intellectual space of the Islamic world has been accompanied by two opposing stances. On the opposite side, philosophy r does not have the ability to enter into theoretical and practical wisdom, and in a favorable position, some attempt to localize the philosophy of Greece, which has led to religion Responsible for discussing practical wisdom. The factors that led the religion to discuss practical wisdom are the impossibility of deriving practical wisdom from Aristotelian theoretical wisdom, and the extent to which religion is surrounded by all aspects of practical wisdom and the lack of awareness of the necessity of the intellectuals from entering practical wisdom and the controversy between jurisprudents and philosophers And the importance of the first philosophy of Muslim philosophers. Manuscript profile

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117 - Investigating the Relationship between Religion and Ethics from the Viewpoint of Islamic and Western Scientists
Nasrin Tavakoli

Religion, by commanding to avoid moral evils, has a very important contribution to the ethics of human societies. Therefore, the theory of the relationship between religion and ethics, which emphasizes that religion supports ethics, helps to expand moral virtues. In thi More

Religion, by commanding to avoid moral evils, has a very important contribution to the ethics of human societies. Therefore, the theory of the relationship between religion and ethics, which emphasizes that religion supports ethics, helps to expand moral virtues. In this article, the concept of morality and religion is discussed and also the views of various Islamic and Western thinkers and philosophers on the relationship or non-relevance of religion and ethics are reviewed. The research method is based on qualitative and documentary studies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between religion and ethics and to emphasize the importance of religiousness of man and human societies in the pursuit of morality and the spread of moral virtues as well as the effect of religiousness and the positive effects of religiosity on the consolidation of moral values. The findings show that religion is more general and has different components and realizes ethical value through its multiple dimensions. Morality, on the other hand, like a strong phenomenon provides the development basis for social values and sustainable prosperity, and nobody can deny the role of religion in advocating morality. Conclusion: In order to gain specific examples of moral commands, we need religion. And this is inspiration that can elucidate moral commands in a particular sense with certain limits, conditions and devices. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

118 - Studying the constitutional and legal nature of individualism or individuality Authenticity
Somayyeh Sarami Nafiseh Nekouie Mehr

With the rise of modern communication technologies, including the Internet, individualism has increased and has led to a weakening of the collective relations and normal human links (eg face-to-face relationships and emotional relations). For this reason, because of the More

With the rise of modern communication technologies, including the Internet, individualism has increased and has led to a weakening of the collective relations and normal human links (eg face-to-face relationships and emotional relations). For this reason, because of the viewpoint of aggregation and interests Collectively, it is a priority and priority. Therefore, any kind of individualism and motivation that contributes to the strengthening of the spirit and the culture of individualism is denied and denounced. Humanism or individuality is a major theoretical element in the "liberal-capitalist" system, and in the sense of The heart of this system and free market ideology is in place. In this school, his person and his rights prevail over everything. If a government is formed, it must be at the service of the people of the community. Collectivist concepts, such as the "benefit of society," are false. Everyone recognizes his or her own interests better than others, and if they seek their own good and good, then society will eventually be good. We have no absolute goodness and virtue to interfere in human life. Religion, ethics and government, as well as reformers and thinkers, have no right to issue copies to prescribers. In this paper, I also examine the different perspectives on individualism, the controversies and the ways in which this school is with Islam. Manuscript profile

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119 - A comparison of Islamic mysticism and emerging mysticism
Seyyed Hossein Taghavi

Human civilization has led to the current crisis, one of them, the crisis of spirituality and the neglect of human relationship with God, and the proud man of scientific achievements, has devoted all his efforts to work, capital and prosperity. Now, after five centuries More

Human civilization has led to the current crisis, one of them, the crisis of spirituality and the neglect of human relationship with God, and the proud man of scientific achievements, has devoted all his efforts to work, capital and prosperity. Now, after five centuries, he has realized that material well-being can not calm him, and he has turned to ancient and emerging mysticism, including Hindus, Buddhists, Indians and ... to fill this vacuum. This article seeks to find that by analytical, rational and comparative method, the study of Islamic mysticism and emerging mysticism and adapted to the view of the rivals who expressed the theory of objectivity and contradiction, and the aspect They express their differences and similarities, and in the context of their common interests, they seek to heal the psychic and beautiful sufferings of seeing the world and tolerance of everything and peace and talk of love and joy and peace, but the subtlety Neither the nature of the escape, the orbital task instead of the inertia, the response to the basic needs of man instead of the animal's needs, rationalism instead of anti-rationalism, truth-seeking instead of superstition, Zaat of Islamic mysticism is comparable to the emerging mysticism. Manuscript profile

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120 - Islamology with regards to the works of Bernard Lewis
Fatemeh Aziz Mohammadi Abdollah Rahimi

Westerners have paid a great deal of attention to Islam and Muslims in recent years. This has left a tremendous legacy of researches and books. The results presented have centered for many politicians, research institutions, and even the Western public, shaping major po More

Westerners have paid a great deal of attention to Islam and Muslims in recent years. This has left a tremendous legacy of researches and books. The results presented have centered for many politicians, research institutions, and even the Western public, shaping major political and strategic doctrines. However, some codings as Islamophobia has rooted from the very heart of it and consequently many politicians and the media has used these arguments in order to reclaim their ideas in this contest. Bernard Lewis is one of the contemporary Western Islamic scholars, whose studies on the matter of Islam and it’s cultural, economical, and social the Middle East region, has left a body of works, which is the center of attention for many politicians and the media. Without any doubts, further study of his works will be helpful in establishing recognition on this thoughts and its construction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

121 - Analyzing the theory of heavenly forms embodiment of deeds
gholamali sanjari

Amongst the great theologians, there has always been a debate on the connection between the punishment of the hereafter and the actions of this world. Some theologians believe that the connection between the actions of this world and the punishment of the hereafter is c More

Amongst the great theologians, there has always been a debate on the connection between the punishment of the hereafter and the actions of this world. Some theologians believe that the connection between the actions of this world and the punishment of the hereafter is contractual, and on this basis God has created heaven and hell; this group are known as the deniers of the ‘Visualization of Deeds’. The other group of theologians believe that our actions are embodied within us in the hereafter. Followers of this theory believe in the ‘Visualization of Deeds’ and they can be divided into two groups; those that believe the visualization to be in a celestial form and those that believe the visualization to be the essence of the soul. In this research paper, we will analyze the arguments presented by those theologians who accept the visualization of deeds in a celestial form. The result from this research suggests that rational reasoning alone, without the help of some verses of the Holy Quran, authentic narrations and the intuition of the heart, would not be able to prove this theory. Manuscript profile

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122 - Perimethodology of Islamic Theology
hamid reza shakerin

Methodology of sciences and critical studies in this field have obtained special importance in the contemporary world. This case insists peripheral studies concerning the logic and methodology of Islamic theology. The present article is to look at the above mentioned su More

Methodology of sciences and critical studies in this field have obtained special importance in the contemporary world. This case insists peripheral studies concerning the logic and methodology of Islamic theology. The present article is to look at the above mentioned subject from philosophical point of view. Therefore the research is a part of the philosophy of methodology of Islamic theology. This kind of study perform the theoretical framework and foundamental bases for the methods of disciplines, and causes betterment, advancement and cognition of the needs for the subsequent researches. Some of the most important advantages of this kind of study is to aquire the frame of problems of this field, the necessity, importance, and its relation to the other fields of knowledge.. Manuscript profile

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123 - Tawhid in the view points of Salafi Jihadi and studying it's consequences
abbasali farzandi

Although the Tawhid is the common belief among all the denominations and Islamic movements but Jihadi interpretation that is one of the active movements in the Islamic world, suggested especial interpretation from Tawhid and showed a different face of Islam. The ideolog More

Although the Tawhid is the common belief among all the denominations and Islamic movements but Jihadi interpretation that is one of the active movements in the Islamic world, suggested especial interpretation from Tawhid and showed a different face of Islam. The ideology of Tawhid centered of this group is changing the unity and coexistence between Islamic society. This research by using the explanatory and analetical methods will study the definition of the Salafi leaders from the notion of Tawhid and evaluate it's consequences and results. The results of this research will show that Takfiri ideology of this group will start war and unsafety in the Islamic world and as a result in the world. It's security consequences will be enternal and external. The enternal consequences of Salafi Jihadi understanding of Tawhid are expansion of meaning and example of Shirk, Pure activitism and extremism, not following the rules of war and dictatorial faith. The external consequences are preaching suiciding, considering believers and disbelievers equal and not building Islamic civilization. Manuscript profile

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124 - The Religious Approach of Iranian encyclopedia in Facing with Western Islamic Studies: A Comparative Study of the Articles of Shiite Theology, the Declaration of Imamieh, and Iranian Topics in Iranian and Western Encyclopedia
Seyyed Ahmad Hoseinzadeh fereshteh sepehr zohreh mirhoseini Bahram Parvin Gonabadi

There was no purely scientific criterion in Western Islamic studies in the form of an encyclopedia. The aims of post-colonial Western studies, the methodology, and the unbalanced pay-off of religious beliefs in Islam are sympathetic to this claim. After the Islamic Revo More

There was no purely scientific criterion in Western Islamic studies in the form of an encyclopedia. The aims of post-colonial Western studies, the methodology, and the unbalanced pay-off of religious beliefs in Islam are sympathetic to this claim. After the Islamic Revolution, the encyclopedias compiling in Islam aims to offset the shortcomings of Western research by adopting a normative study approach and a defensive and discursive approach, pursuing Shiite and Iranian identity aspirations, such as specifying the type, amount, and citations of entries in Iranian Encycloperias, It went beyond mere encyclopedic standards and included elements such as completeness and belief motives. Investigating the distribution of references, diversity of sources and the quantity of theological entries in the encyclopedia of Islam (as a Western example) in comparison with the Encyclopedia of the World of Islam (as an Iranian example) in terms of attention to Shia intelle.ctual and cultural heritage (specifically Shiite theology and Imamiyyah elements) is significantly different. In the encyclopedia of Islam, theological entries are limited to 404 entries, while in the Encyclopedia of the World of Islam there are 749 entries, and it has concentetated on Shiite theology entries and Iranian topics, independently and extensively. Theological articles in the Encyclopedia of Islam do not refer to any Shiite sources and all references are Sunni sources, while the religious distribution of the sources in the Encyclopedia of the World of Islam does not suffer from this contradiction. Manuscript profile

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125 - The Role of Shiite Schools in the Safavid Era in the Development of Islamic Culture and Civilization (Emphasizing on the two schools of Khan Shiraz and the Chahar Bagh of Isfahan)
Aboutaleb Ahmadi Moghaddam mahdi goljan ramin yalfani

According to written sources, teaching and education in Islam was practiced in mosques and schools until the 900 A.D. gradually, from the late of 800 and early of 900 A.D, scholars began to establish Dar al-Alum and schools. From the 1000 A.D, there was a major change i More

According to written sources, teaching and education in Islam was practiced in mosques and schools until the 900 A.D. gradually, from the late of 800 and early of 900 A.D, scholars began to establish Dar al-Alum and schools. From the 1000 A.D, there was a major change in the educational method in Iran and in the sovereign territories, and numerous schools were established throughout the country. This process continued during the two Ilk Hani and Teymuri periods and finally culminated in the Safavid era. The Safavid era has been introduced as a classic era in the history of Islamic Iranian schools. During this period, two important factors: the formation of a centralized Iranian state and the formal conversion of the Shiite religion paved the way for the creation of a new and dynamic educational system in a new format. The result was an increase in schools and scientific and educational facilities. This research is based on library and field research and in a descriptive-analytical and historical way, it seeks to study the impact of Safavid era schools, especially the two schools of Khan Shiraz and Chahar Bagh of Isfahan on cultural development in Iran and the Islamic world. Studies show that the schools of the Safavid era, especially the two schools of Khan Shiraz and the four gardens of Isfahan, play an important role in promoting the education and training of the Iranian youth and their special importance and presence in them. Finally, Iranian-Islamic culture has flourished. Accordingly, in the Safavid era, these schools and educational systems have contributed to the identification of the Safavid society, and the increasing expansion of educational systems in the context of the Shiite community has led to changes in social behavior and ultimately to the gradual growth and development of culture and civilization. The Islamic community of that era is gone. Manuscript profile

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126 - Comparative analysis of Tradition and Modernity from the perspective of Dr. Seyed Hossein Nasr; A traditionalist approach towards the Islamic city
Hamidreza saremi Niloofar Hashemi

Philosophers’ confrontation with concepts such as “tradition” and “modernity” have always been discussed by groups with different views and each group has attempted to define these concepts based on their own understanding of the subject and index them tailored to their More

Philosophers’ confrontation with concepts such as “tradition” and “modernity” have always been discussed by groups with different views and each group has attempted to define these concepts based on their own understanding of the subject and index them tailored to their particular worldview. Discussions on the concepts of tradition and modernity, the functions of each, the extent and intensity of each and the effectiveness of each concept in the current contemporary conditions have made it difficult to define a comprehensive and accurate definition without specifying an exclusive approach towards the topic. Therefore, this paper seeks to examine, analyze and critique the views of one of the leading professors of traditionalism, Dr. Seyed Hossein Nasr- impressed by Rene Guenon on and Frithjof Schuon and specialized in Islamic mysticism and philosophy, comparative theology, and the history of science in Islam- the issue of the crisis of the opposition between tradition and modernity in the contemporary world. Thus, by analyzing the content of Dr. Nasr's numerous publications, the concept of tradition and traditionalism, the pillars of traditional thought, traditional art, architecture and traditional urban planning from his point of view have been studied. In the next step, the above-mentioned cases will be examined in relation to the “modernist” thought. Finally, after a comprehensive critique of Dr. Nasr's views on the traditional Islamic city and the new Islamic city, final analysis will provide a valuable summary of the application of the concepts of tradition and modernity in Dr. Nasr's thought. This comparative analysis, which includes the dimensions of origin, temporal and spatial constraints, anthropology, art, artist, aesthetics, principles, architecture, architect, development, city, relationship with nature and environmental principles can guide traditionalist beliefs in solving the crisis of contemporary modernity. Manuscript profile

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127 - Model of meaning relationship of "High quality public places" from Islamic-Iranian thought perspective
Mohsen Rafieian Mojtaba Rafieian Mohamadreza Bemanian

This article is written because of the lack of a model for understanding the relationship of the meaning of public space in the perceivers's minds. The results of the study showed that there are two types of levels in any observer's mind that the first are straight More

This article is written because of the lack of a model for understanding the relationship of the meaning of public space in the perceivers's minds. The results of the study showed that there are two types of levels in any observer's mind that the first are straight, immediate and referential, and the second are implicit, secondary and normative. In fact the secondary thought are a basis for knowing a place as high quality or not. For example everyone considers a clean public place or a place with law as a desirable place. However these places could have not been known as a quality places, if they are impure (according to Islamic rules) or there is a sin in it. With this example, it is cleared out that the secondary meaning plays an important role in the qualitative judgment of public places. Therefore in suggested model, a first levels are around the circle and the secondary are in a center of that and also this model is arranged by some components that has some properties such as a) Transcendental and uplifting, b) Being complementary and c) Hierarchy.in an example meaning relationship could be like atent with a main coulmn and some strings, implicit, secondary and normative meanings are like a main coulmn and straight, immediate and referential meanings are like strings. Finally,quality of holdfast arrange around it. Manuscript profile

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128 - Rating the Effective Elements over E- Procurement Adoption in Organization by Statistical Method and Analytical Hierarchy Process Case study: Iranian Islamic Republic Railways
Farzaneh Pourkiyani Davood Vahdat Reza Askari Moghadam Eslam Nazemi alireza dadashi

The main goal of this article is rating and scoring the importance of main elements over implementation of e-procurement in organizations (Case Study: Iranian Islamic Republic Railways). For Scoring and rating the elements, we used the statistical methods of Friedman te More

The main goal of this article is rating and scoring the importance of main elements over implementation of e-procurement in organizations (Case Study: Iranian Islamic Republic Railways). For Scoring and rating the elements, we used the statistical methods of Friedman test and Kruskal-Wallis test (test H), and Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP). Here we used two methods to rate the elements over e-procurement adoption; The statistical processes and the AHP or Analytical Hierarchy Process. Also, in this study two kinds of questionnaire are used and designed, likert and AHP. Likert questionnaire is completed by 97 persons among Iranian Railways experts, managers and senior managers having BA 70% and MA, 19%. The statistical processes result showed that most effectiveness elements over e-procurement adoption in I.I.R.R are "Organization" as the first factor ranked score 4.0585 , "Technology" as the second factor ranked score 3.7807 and "Environment" is the third factor ranked score 3.6968 respectively. AHP questionnaire is completed by 24 managers and senior managers of I.I.R.R and its results are similar to Fridman and Kruskal-Wallis method: "Organization" is the first ranked score 0.389, "Technology" is the second ranked 0.378 and "Environment" is the third factor ranked 0.233 which are the most important factors in e-procurement adoption in I.I.R.R respectively. Manuscript profile

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129 - Relationship between flow of foreign direct investment and innovation of Iran in comparison with prospective documented countries
Abolfazll Shahabadi Nima Nilofarforoushan

In the present era, innovation as a necessity for sustainable economic growth and development, improvement of living standards and economic prosperity of people has been considered by economic experts. On the other hand, the development of innovation in each country req More

In the present era, innovation as a necessity for sustainable economic growth and development, improvement of living standards and economic prosperity of people has been considered by economic experts. On the other hand, the development of innovation in each country requires a capital formation to secure the necessary financing. All countries, developing ones in particular, can through flow of foreign direct investments attract financial resources and transfer of technology to create a platform for innovation to grow and thrive. Therefore considering the important role of innovation and foreign direct investment in increasing the competitive strength, this study investigates the relationship between foreign direct investments and innovative visions in Iran’s economy compared to outlook of documented countries during the period between 1995 and 2008. The results of experimental studies indicate the existence of a two-way relationship between foreign direct investment and innovation in these countries. Amongst these countries, Turkey, Iran and Saudi Arabia have been most successful in attracting foreign direct investment and in the development of innovative components, while Yemen and Tajikistan have shown the weakest performance with respect to attracting the same. Moreover, based on the results, the status of the documented countries in terms of innovation and direct investment indicators is not satisfactory compared to the rest of the world. This may be attributed to problems of absorption capacity, inconsistencies between macro-economic policies, education and research policies, and…. Manuscript profile

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130 - A Review of Knowledge-Based Economy: from the Formation to the Action; Case study: knowledge-based Economy in Iran
Abdollah Elm Khah Mahdi Sadeghi Shahdani

10.7508/jstpi.2015.04.003

Theorists have predicted the emergence of the new economic era in which knowledge is the main source of wealth and economic output. In other words, in a new era, the economy is getting away from the resource-based method and is getting close to the knowledge-based one. More

Theorists have predicted the emergence of the new economic era in which knowledge is the main source of wealth and economic output. In other words, in a new era, the economy is getting away from the resource-based method and is getting close to the knowledge-based one. Knowledge-based economy formed based on the production, distribution and application of knowledge and information. Therefore, investing in knowledge and knowledge-based industries got particular attentions. This paper reviews the literatures of knowledge-based economy due to its importance, and the emphasis of The Supreme Leader on special attentions of policy makers to implementation of it based on upstream documents. This article is provided according to the analytical and descriptive method based on available documents. The knowledge-based economy is addressed in the course of economic ideas, theories of knowledge-based economy, definitions, characteristics, advantages, elements, measuring indicators, policies of the knowledge-based economy in Iran, situation of Knowledge-based economy in Iran based on World Bank Index. At the end conclusion is presented. The results show that the fulfilling of the knowledge-based economy requires trained and skilled workforce, supportive government policies, making reform in society culture, efficient innovation system, indigenous knowledge, ICT, institutional and government stimulus, supporting intellectual property rights and so on. Although the World Bank 2005 report shows that there was a very significant imbalance between the indicators. By government efforts, the imbalance was declined slightly in 2007 and according to the latest World Bank report in 2012, Iran with an average 3/91 has gained the rank of 94 between 146 countries in terms of the knowledge-based economy. Manuscript profile

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131 - A Study of the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Tendency and Organizational Performance (Case Study: Islamic Research Institute for Culture and Thought
Mojtaba Nahid ali davari Firouzeh Sajednia

10.7508/jstpi.2017.01.003

One of the most important concerns which have coerced organizations to illustrate tendency toward entrepreneurial activities is survival and growth. This is, thus, to assert that time is ripe for investigating the relationships between entrepreneurial behavior and perfo More

One of the most important concerns which have coerced organizations to illustrate tendency toward entrepreneurial activities is survival and growth. This is, thus, to assert that time is ripe for investigating the relationships between entrepreneurial behavior and performance. This study is aimed at investigating the relationship between entrepreneurial orientations and organizational performance of the Islamic Research Institute for Culture and Thought in 2013. To do so, descriptive and correlative research methodologies were used to examine the relationships among these variables. Statistical population of this study contains a number of university staffs at different managerial levels, members of Faculty Board, and experts, who are estimated to constitute 110 persons from the total number of 320. Pearson correlation and multivariable regression methods were used to analyze data. Moreover, Structural Equation Model (SEM) was employed to affirm the model. Results show that there is a positive and direct relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance. In addition, there is indirect relationship among innovation, leadership, risk-taking, and aggressive competition as aspects of entrepreneurial orientation, on the one hand, and organizational performance, on the other. However, there was no relationship between independence and organizational performance. Therefore, development of attitude and attention to entrepreneurial orientation in an organization can be effective in elevating organizational performance. Manuscript profile

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132 - Investigating the Role of University Incubation Centers in Growth of Entrepreneurial Capacity of Technology Cores and Technology Centers at Islamic azad University
soheila okati bahare naseri morad mirzade

10.52547/jstpi.20908.17.66.1

University Incubators are important centers for developing innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic improvement of country. Supporting these centers will cause the improvement of their residents, and a spill in the economic cycle of country. Nowadays, these centers pl More

University Incubators are important centers for developing innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic improvement of country. Supporting these centers will cause the improvement of their residents, and a spill in the economic cycle of country. Nowadays, these centers play a very important role in advancing economic and industrial expansion of developed and developing countries. In many countries, it has made significant effects on the achievement of knowledge-based development as well as strengthening the interactions of government, university and industry . Hence, considering the importance of this issue, the present study investigates the role of University Incubators in growth of entrepreneurial capacity of startups who are deployed at Sistan and Baluchestan Islamic Azad University incubator. The study population included all startups managers who have been deployed in this incubator since 2015. The present research is a descriptive research (Non-experimental) and survey type in terms of the method of collecting data . Data were analyzed by the sofwares including SPSS 19, LISREL 54.8 and the tests including T-test and Single Sample, Factor Analysis, and Structural Model. The results indicated a positive and significant effect of University Incubators on the level of entrepreneurial empowerment of startups at Sistan and Baluchestan Islamic Azad University incubator. Manuscript profile

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133 - Components of place quality in the Iranian-Islamic city
Hamidreza saremi Bahare Bahra

Human presence in urban places means connection to collective existence and the space perceived by them is the result of a discourse between mind and society. Therefore, the quality of interactions resulting from the qualities of place proposed in the West, with the men More

Human presence in urban places means connection to collective existence and the space perceived by them is the result of a discourse between mind and society. Therefore, the quality of interactions resulting from the qualities of place proposed in the West, with the mental qualities in the Islamic approach, will not be effective in expressing the facts of human interactions with place. Therefore, the present study aims to achieve a model of place quality in the Iranian-Islamic city and in accordance with the Islamic school and thought seeks to answer the questions that what are the components affecting the meaning of place from the point of view of the Iranian-Islamic city? What are the necessary qualities to create an Iranian-Islamic urban place? What is the quality model of the place in the Iranian-Islamic city? In order to achieve the purpose of the research and answer the mentioned questions, qualitative methodology and content analysis strategy have been discussed in a descriptive-analytical process and content analysis of relevant resources in the field of Iranian-Islamic city. The model of place quality in the present study is based on the theory of phenomenal originality of meaning based on the idea that the place form is the most basic level of human interaction with the environment. Also, it has a completely tangible and physical nature and can be considered an object independent of human presence and knowledge. Human knowledge of the environment and the emergence of new concepts following the human presence in the environment, will provide the context for the emergence of the content of the place. For this reason, place and the meaning of place in the present study are considered to have two “subjective components” and “objective components”, which are inseparable in the content of place. According to the research results, the subjective component includes three components “perceptual”, “social” and “managerial” and the objective component has three components “function”, “shape” and “nature”. These components include a total of 52 qualities of places that make the model of quality of Iranian-Islamic city and can be considered in planning, design, management and decision-making and evaluation of the quality of Iranian-Islamic urban places. Manuscript profile

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134 - Introduction to the concept of “up” and “down” in the event of archetype Islamic-Iranian architecture with an emphasis on distinguishing between the semantic fields of people attitudes (Cases study: Toopkhane square, Laleh Park, shahzade garden, naqhsh-e- jahan square)
Naser Barati elham kakavand

In purposive architecture in the field of environmental interventions, there are many details of size, shapes, combinations and certain mysteries that distinguish architectural elements, even in a single society. Reflection in the mysterious urban biological system, ori More

In purposive architecture in the field of environmental interventions, there are many details of size, shapes, combinations and certain mysteries that distinguish architectural elements, even in a single society. Reflection in the mysterious urban biological system, originates from the debate of thought and intuition, reason and love, and knowledge and insight. The present article explores the explanation and revelation of an ancient pattern that has linked many of our architectural elements throughout history.An archetype with “Up-Down” concepts that has reflected from the people’s imagery into the in urban architecture space. In the meantime, the question arises that what is the connection between these ideas, behaviors, the value system and the human living space system, especially in cities? To achieve this, the content analysis method is used. First, the relationship between the elements is conceived qualitatively and afterwards, the relation between the phenomena is explained by selecting the study areas and surveying citizens based on the semantic differentiation method. The results indicate that the idea of perfectionism and movement towards peak and perfection (up and down) in Iranian literature and culture has always been present and the association of its meaning in people’s minds, has led to the formation of a specific spatial arrangement and urban living system. Manuscript profile

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135 - Comparative study and analysis of the perfect man In the thought of Sheikh Mahmoud Shabestari and Abdul Rahman Jami
Samaneh Sotoudeh Kheirabadi Samira Rostami Mohammad Ali Atash Soda

The word human is one of the categories that has always been studied and explored in religions, schools and human knowledge. In the present study, the perfect human being and his existential values in Golshan Razn Masnavi of Sheikh Mahmoud Shabestari and the Golden Dyna More

The word human is one of the categories that has always been studied and explored in religions, schools and human knowledge. In the present study, the perfect human being and his existential values in Golshan Razn Masnavi of Sheikh Mahmoud Shabestari and the Golden Dynasty of Abdolrahman Jami are studied and compared descriptively-analytically. Since both poets are influenced by theoretical mysticism and the views of Mohi al-Din Ibn Arabi, in fact, these works are discussed from the perspective of theoretical mysticism, which is the product of Ibn Arabi's thoughts. In theoretical mysticism, the main purpose of creating the universe is the perfect man, and the perfect man is the place of all the designs of the divine names, and in fact the universe was created because of him. The results show that there are many similarities in the above topics, including the themes of Muhammadan truth, the attribution of the perfect man to the attributes of the Almighty, the unity of existence, rank and status of the perfect man in the mystical ideas of Golshan Raz in the eighth century and the Golden Dynasty. It is found in the ninth century AH. Manuscript profile

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136 - Social health, corruption on earth and war from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence and law
ali yazdani h0sein ahmari MOSTAFA RAJAEIPOUR

The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare corruption on earth and moharebeh in Islamic jurisprudence and law. Using descriptive-analytical method and collecting resources through the library method, while examining the concept and realm of moharebeh, forni More

The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare corruption on earth and moharebeh in Islamic jurisprudence and law. Using descriptive-analytical method and collecting resources through the library method, while examining the concept and realm of moharebeh, fornication and corruptor on earth in terms and jurisprudence Islami has examined the background, pillars and examples of these crimes in the previous laws and their developments in the new Islamic Penal Code. One of the obvious examples of corruption on earth is moharebeh, so that it may be a crime of corruption on earth but not moharebeh, but every moharebeh is corruption on earth, and on the other hand, the moharebeh mentioned in the Qur'an and jurisprudence. It is more about war against God and the Messenger of God (PBUH), but in the Islamic Penal Code, war is one of the crimes against public security and comfort. Manuscript profile

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137 - Protection of Right to Life of the Child in Viewpoint of Islam and International Instruments with a Look at the Children of Yemen
Mahdi Rahmani Fatemeh Piri Amirhajiloo

The right to life is the most important right of any human being, especially the child. This right is the cornerstone of all human rights and any violation of it is a gross and grave violation of fundamental human rights. According to the teachings of Islam and many Int More

The right to life is the most important right of any human being, especially the child. This right is the cornerstone of all human rights and any violation of it is a gross and grave violation of fundamental human rights. According to the teachings of Islam and many International Instruments, the child, as a human being, has the right to a decent living and life under any circumstances. Today, with armed clashes waged by global arrogance to achieve their economic and political interests in some countries, including Yemen, the inherent rights of children, including the right to life, the right to health, the right to education, have been clearly threatened and violated and every year thousands of Yemeni children die as a result of these clashes. Theis study is a descriptive-analytical and comparative study that examine the fundamentals of the right to life of child in Islam and international Instruments and the effects of armed conflict on child rights. In addition, the right to life of children in Yemen has been discussed and stated that it is essential for all people, national and international institutions and governments to provide mechanisms to secure this right and prevent violence against children in armed conflict. In addition, it is imperative that those who endanger the life of children in armed conflict be charged with war crimes, prosecution, trial and punishment. Manuscript profile

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138 - Typology of Child-Related Policies in Iran
Maryam Sha’ban

This research was aimed at "the typology of child-related policies in Iran." After defining the sensitive concepts of the research, they were identified by the exploratory methodology of policy making, and then we analyzed the qualitative content analysis method. Findin More

This research was aimed at "the typology of child-related policies in Iran." After defining the sensitive concepts of the research, they were identified by the exploratory methodology of policy making, and then we analyzed the qualitative content analysis method. Findings and results show that child-related policymaking in Iran can be summarized in three phases of typology, respectively, which include domestic policy-making, include: 1. Sovereignty; 2. Government policy making; 3. Bureaucratic policy making (bureaucratic institutions); 4. Civil society (NGOs and charities), as well as policy making Foreigners included two cases: 1. The policies of the international community; 2. The policies of the Islamic world. As a result, child-related policies are widespread and broad in Iran, covering a wide range of aspects of children's lives. Manuscript profile

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139 - The Rights of Delinquent Children and Adolescents in Iran: An Analysis of Four Determining Areas
Maryam Sha’ban Seyed Mohammad Hosseini

This study seeks to investigate how four main areas of reference in Iran and the world are exposed to child delinquent. Therefore, four main areas of reference were identified that include Iranian legal regulations, Islamic religion, the Convention on the Rights of the More

This study seeks to investigate how four main areas of reference in Iran and the world are exposed to child delinquent. Therefore, four main areas of reference were identified that include Iranian legal regulations, Islamic religion, the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Islam and the Convention on the Rights of the Child; Then they were analyzed with a qualitative approach and documentary analysis method. The results show that exposure to delinquent children is approximately the same in all four domains. Although the three areas related to Iran and the Islamic world have been centered on Law of Religion, especially Shi'ism, their roots lie in Islamic religion, and against them the Convention on the Rights of the Child as an international matter has been drafted based on the Declaration of Human Rights and the belief in Humanism, but they work very closely on how to deal with child guilty and there are no significant differences between their procedures. Therefore, all four domains regard the child as having no precise decision-making power and consider his/her delinquency a common "mistake" in his/her development. The child should be forgiven as much as possible and his/her error should be ignored; this should also have a corrective and re-interactional aspect to be done within the child's family by the child's parents or legal guardians. Unless child guilty is limited, such as harm to others, which has resulted in violations of the rights of others, all three areas emphasize efforts to minimize penalties and impose penalties for reform and resocialization. the only point of difference is in the definition of the child and the age range that makes the subject different in applying the rules related to child delinquency. Manuscript profile

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140 - Moral Training of Children from the Islamic Perspective
Atefeh Souhani

A proper and suitable moral training is a kind of force that can save man in certain tricky situations, and protect him from falling into misleading and stumbling paths. Obviously, when a work is done in its proper time and particular situation, it may yield its desirab More

A proper and suitable moral training is a kind of force that can save man in certain tricky situations, and protect him from falling into misleading and stumbling paths. Obviously, when a work is done in its proper time and particular situation, it may yield its desirable result. Similarly, childhood period is also the best time for construction. Children are receptive to any kind of training. That is, they are eagerly ready to implement any idea and plan suggested for their training, and will not go away easily. It is very difficult to change those improper inherent moralities and characteristics in adult age. While, it is easy to lead back a child from any possible deviation that may appear before his way, and direct him towards right path. Accordingly, child age is the best period for construction and moral training. For, at this age, the mind of child has not yet found his final form and figure, and is apt to any kind of training for which parents are primarily responsible. Therefore, the present article is an attempt to shed some light on the issue of morality that primarily plays an important role in training, and then embarks upon addressing the issue of training, the way of communicating with children, pursuing stages of learning, and finally, the way of accepting the moral rules and regulations. From religious aspect, certain moral and ideological points concerning children will be explored. Manuscript profile

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141 - Facilitating Principles in Philosophy and Children Corresponding to Islamic Thought
Iman Dindar Isfahani

Today philosophy for children is an issue that has drew the attention of different communities to itself, for through this program it is possible to impart various teaching to children, and bring them up with creative and critical thinking. In Iran this program initiate More

Today philosophy for children is an issue that has drew the attention of different communities to itself, for through this program it is possible to impart various teaching to children, and bring them up with creative and critical thinking. In Iran this program initiated by Sadra Islamic Philosophy Research Institute (Siprin) in 1994, following which it proceeded to work out an Iranian version of this philosophical program. The present article makes an attempt to give an account of the program of philosophy and children in the following sections: 1- tutor, 2- time table, 3- environment, 4- method of beginning discussion, 5- thinking, 6- method and form of presentation, 7- content. In this paper the authors seeks to deal with the notion of tutor as a facilitating role in detail. This program have been formulated formally in the West and it is possibly tinged with Western ideas, so it requires to be localized and consorted with native culture, namely Iranian tradition. Moreover, Islam has reiterated the intellectual upbringing of man and there are sufficient Islamic resources which contain certain principles, methodology, content, etc. on the basis of which one can work out an indigenous program consorted with its culture. The present work is based on a library work and is regarded as a small example of the present capacity. Manuscript profile

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142 - The Necessity of “Philosophy and Children” as Tested by Islamic Thought with Reference to the Present Potentialities of Islamic Culture
Iman Dindar Isfahani Mehdi Mansuri

The method of “philosophy and Children” turned out to be one of the modern methods that today not only have been appreciated in the field of education, but also have been used in different societies. The objective of this program is to bring up certain critical and crea More

The method of “philosophy and Children” turned out to be one of the modern methods that today not only have been appreciated in the field of education, but also have been used in different societies. The objective of this program is to bring up certain critical and creative thinking in children as is stressed by Islam as well. On the basis of the principles of Islamic training and from the perspective of Religious texts, intellectual training should be commenced from the childhood, which exactly can meet the goal of the program of “Philosophy and Children”. As a matter of fact, the present program of the philosophy for children is affected by Western society, for instance we can easily detect the trace of pragmatist and pluralistic views in them. With respect to these intellectual roots, the existence of copious capacities in the religious seminaries, and their principles, methods, and contents in Islamic-Iranian culture, it is befitting to localize the program of “Philosophy and Children” in accordance with Islamic-Iranian culture. Manuscript profile

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143 - Meaning of Truth in the View of Muslim Philosophers with an Emphasis on Ibn Arabi’s Works
Mohsen Habibi Mohammad Sadiq Rezaee

The truth and its meaning have always been discussed by gnostics and philosophers in the course of history. Philosophers have mainly dealt with truth in its logical sense; however, some philosophers, such as Mulla Sadra in Islamic philosophy and Heidegger in Western phi More

The truth and its meaning have always been discussed by gnostics and philosophers in the course of history. Philosophers have mainly dealt with truth in its logical sense; however, some philosophers, such as Mulla Sadra in Islamic philosophy and Heidegger in Western philosophy, have paid attention to truth in its ontological sense, which is very close to Islamic gnostics’ particular impression of this word. The meaning of truth in gnostics’ view is greatly influenced by its meaning in the Qur’anic and traditional culture. One of the divine names mentioned in the Holy Qur’an is the “Truth”, and Almighty God has called Himself by this name. Some philosophers such as Ibn Arabi used to refer to Qur’anic verses and traditions in order to consolidate their religion. Muslim gnostics concede that there is only one truth in the world, and it is the Necessary Being. They believe that any existent other than Him is mentally-posited and is among the manifestations of that simple Truth. That is why gnostics, themselves, consider the religion of the philosophers who believe in the graded unity of existence to be atheistic and believe in the individual and true unity of existence. Hence, they view closeness to the truth as the only way to attain it and have always been after some ways in order to gain proximity to that original Truth. On the other hand, gnostics consider the human soul to be the most complete locus of the manifestation of God; therefore, the first step in Islamic gnosis in order to attain the knowledge of God is to attain the knowledge of the soul. Ibn Arabi also believes that wayfaring towards God is of vital importance for learning about that single Truth. Manuscript profile

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144 - The Criterion for Detecting the Problems of Prime Philosophy and the Extent of Islamic Philosophers’ Commitment to them
Mansour Imanpour

The main question advanced in this paper is as follows: Which specific criterion is used to distinguish the problems of prime philosophy from each other. Another related question here is whether Islamic philosophers really employ this criterion or not. A review of the w More

The main question advanced in this paper is as follows: Which specific criterion is used to distinguish the problems of prime philosophy from each other. Another related question here is whether Islamic philosophers really employ this criterion or not. A review of the works of Greek philosophers, particularly Aristotle, indicates that Aristotle’s words regarding the subject of prime philosophy are diverse and divided. It also reveals that the problems of prime philosophy have not been inferred and formulated with reference to a specific subject in an organized manner. In spite of the entrance of Greek philosophy and all its concomitants into the world of Islam, Islamic philosophers, especially Ibn Sina, tried to explain the subject of prime philosophy and its problems, dissect the relationship between them, and provide a criterion for distinguishing philosophical problems from the problems of other sciences. They often considered the subject of prime philosophy to be existent qua existent and assumed that its problems include predicates which are deemed to be among the essential accidents of pure existents. Therefore, the main criterion for identifying the problems of prime philosophy and distinguishing them from each other was introduced as follows: the predicates of those problems had to be essential accidents for absolute existents. Nevertheless, in reality, these philosophers discussed some problems the predicates of which did not follow this rule. A study of the works of Aristotle and Islamic philosophers reveals that the secret of this ambiguity is hidden in an approach according to which they firstly divided theoretical sciences into three categories: natural sciences, mathematics, and prime philosophy. Then, in reality, they transferred the problems that could not be discussed in the other two sciences to the domain of prime philosophy while the equivalence of their predicates with essential accidents for existent qua existent were questionable. The present paper aims to analyze and explain the above claims in detail based on reliable documents and arguments and disclose the main reason behind the lack of conformity between the problems and the subject of prime philosophy in the history of Islamic philosophy. Manuscript profile

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145 - Governance and Happiness in ‘Allamah Tabataba’i’s Political Thoughts
Abdolmotalleb ‘Abdollah

Happiness is one of the key terms used by philosophers, in general, and by Islamic sages, in particular. From ancient Greek philosophers to the thinkers advocating monotheistic religions and Islamic philosophers, all have dealt with the issue of human happiness. In the More

Happiness is one of the key terms used by philosophers, in general, and by Islamic sages, in particular. From ancient Greek philosophers to the thinkers advocating monotheistic religions and Islamic philosophers, all have dealt with the issue of human happiness. In the view of the majority of philosophers, the ultimate goal of politics and establishing a government is attaining happiness. However, this concept has been defined differently by different thinkers. In this paper, the author has tried to explore the place of happiness in the philosophy of ‘Allamah Tabataba’i, the distinguished contemporary philosopher and interpreter of the Qur’an. In his view, a society attains happiness when it moves in the line of human primordial nature (fitrah) and the system of creation. A religion which has been sanctioned by God is the extension of a detailed primordial nature which exists in our nature. Thus religion – Islam – is the criterion for distinguishing faith and good deed. Accordingly, a society will attain worldly and otherworldly happiness if it is ruled by a religion which conforms to Man’s primordial nature. Manuscript profile

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146 - Muslims’ Knowledge of Buddhism: A Study of the Early Islamic Texts and some Evidence from the Pre-Islamic Period
Muhammad Reza ‘Adli

In early Islamic texts, no accurate and clear description of Buddhist thoughts and teachings has been provided, and most of the related statements in such texts are very general and incomplete. In most sources, some beliefs or acts are attributed to Buddhists which are More

In early Islamic texts, no accurate and clear description of Buddhist thoughts and teachings has been provided, and most of the related statements in such texts are very general and incomplete. In most sources, some beliefs or acts are attributed to Buddhists which are either basically incorrect or not at all related to Buddhists but followed by other Indian religious sects. In order to find the reason behind this problem, one should refer to the pre-Islamic period and explore the dissemination of Buddhism in those regions which later turned to Islam. Apparently, a defective knowledge of Buddhist teachings is not restricted to the Islamic period; and it was also the same case at least in the western and central regions of Iran before Islam. However, in the eastern parts of Iran and alongside the Silk Route, there were some very important Buddhist centers. Nevertheless, after the rise of Islam, the Buddhist monasteries of these regions were gradually destroyed, and nothing remained from them except a vague memory. Accordingly, when Islamic historiographers decided to speak of Buddhism, they had access to no authentic sources. The present paper is intended to shed some light on the above issues. Manuscript profile

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147 - Principle of the Identity of Quiddity and Existence in the Truth in Islamic Tradition and Greek Philosophy
Huda Habibimanesh Shamsollah Seraj

The problem of the identity of existence and quiddity in Almighty Necessary has been referred to as the identity of existence and quiddity in the Truth in the works of Muslim philosophers and is dealt with as a philosophical principle. The great figures of Islamic philo More

The problem of the identity of existence and quiddity in Almighty Necessary has been referred to as the identity of existence and quiddity in the Truth in the works of Muslim philosophers and is dealt with as a philosophical principle. The great figures of Islamic philosophy have provided different interpretations of this principle and derived various consequences from it. Undoubtedly, the ideas of Greek philosophers and the teachings of Islam have played a significant role in the development of this principle by Muslim philosophers. The present paper intends to analyze the roots and origins of this principle, and it appears that a conceptual analysis of the technical terms used there could help researchers to derive better and more profound conclusions from this principle. Manuscript profile

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148 - foreword
Hossein Kalbasi Ashtari

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149 - Origin of Islamic Philosophy
Ghasem Purhassan

The question of the nature of Islamic philosophy has triggered an extremely important conflict over a very long time. The quality of dealing with this question can play a determining role in our approach towards Islamic philosophy. Generally speaking, there are three ap More

The question of the nature of Islamic philosophy has triggered an extremely important conflict over a very long time. The quality of dealing with this question can play a determining role in our approach towards Islamic philosophy. Generally speaking, there are three approaches in this regard each deserving due attention and critical analysis. The first approach emphasizes the Greek origin of Islamic philosophy and considers it to be the extension of a philosophy which is called the Greek tradition. Advocates of this approach claim that all the philosophical trends in all periods have originated in or been influenced by Greek philosophy and must be studied in the light of the theory of linear continuity. According to this view, the assumption that rational thought has its origins in Iran, India, or China and also Babylon and Mesopotamia or Egypt is not much valid. The second approach insists that Islamic philosophy has no referent at all. The followers of this approach believe that, basically, all religious philosophies lack any kind of referent. They maintain that if we believe in Islamic philosophy, we will encounter some intricacies such as sacredness, contradiction, text interpretation, and the lack of growth and expansion of philosophy. This group claims that if we support the existence of Islamic philosophy, it would necessarily entail sacredness, and then any criticism of this kind of philosophy would be equal to a criticism of religion. However, this necessity is false. Regarding the problem of contradiction, it is claimed that it is not possible to reconcile the Qur’anic and traditional view of philosophy with that of the Greeks. Hence, the Greek view of happiness is in contrast to the Qur’anic one. The third approach emphasizes that Islamic philosophy is the expansion of Greek philosophy, and if we fail to provide a correct interpretation of their commensurability, we can never present a correct explanation of the nature of Islamic philosophy and its essential differences from Greek philosophy. That the number of philosophical problems in Greece was limited to 200 but increased to 700 during the Islamic period does not by itself provide a correct description of the nature of Islamic philosophy. Neither can it justify the Islamic nature of this kind of philosophy or defend it convincingly. The main point here is that the origin of Islamic philosophy is not Greek philosophy; rather, it is rooted in the Qur’anic verses, prophetic traditions, and religious prayers and texts. One cannot discuss the religious origin of Islamic philosophy based on the theory of the expansion of philosophical problems. There is a fundamental difference between a theory which considers Islamic philosophy to be rooted in Greece and limits the efforts of Muslim philosophers merely to increasing the number of philosophical topics and problems or adding variety to the related arguments or modifying or increasing them and a theory which asserts that Muslims, before becoming familiar with Greek philosophy, had already turned to rational thought. In doing so, they gradually set out to benefit from the philosophical knowledge of other nations and countries, particularly and mainly from that of Iranians, Indians, and Greeks. Therefore, the present paper intends to demonstrate that Islamic philosophy is rooted in the Qur’an and traditions. Manuscript profile

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150 - Theory of Continuity in Stoic Physics
Mohammad Javad Esmaeili Sina Masheyekhi

This paper investigates the theory of continuity in Stoic physics based on some concepts such as pneuma (the soul), hexis (disposition), and tonos (tension) and refers to its consequences. Moreover, it demonstrates that Stoic philosophers have provided an organized anal More

This paper investigates the theory of continuity in Stoic physics based on some concepts such as pneuma (the soul), hexis (disposition), and tonos (tension) and refers to its consequences. Moreover, it demonstrates that Stoic philosophers have provided an organized analysis of the relationships among the animate and inanimate components of nature. This issue in Stoic physics is based on the theory of lack of vacuum in nature and its component parts. This theory connects the active elements in nature – God and the rational faculty – with the passive elements – non-organic nature. Therefore, through an analysis of the natural principles of Stoic philosophy, this paper initially explains the active element in physics, i.e. pneuma, and its various forms in nature including: a) its highest form or the rational faculty in human beings; b) its weaker form or hexis in the non-organic nature. Then it deals with the concept of continuity based on pneuma and demonstrates it empirically. Finally, it compares the theory of continuity based on Muslim philosophers’ interpretation of Stoic philosophy. Manuscript profile

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151 - Background of the Cartesian Distinction in Islamic Philosophy and Kalam
Mahdi Assadi

This paper intends to demonstrate that the traces of the epistemological criterion for Cartesian distinction existed previously in Islamic philosophy and kalam. Hence, the writer initially refers to Descartes’ views and follows their traces in the ideas of early Muslim More

This paper intends to demonstrate that the traces of the epistemological criterion for Cartesian distinction existed previously in Islamic philosophy and kalam. Hence, the writer initially refers to Descartes’ views and follows their traces in the ideas of early Muslim scholars. Then he refers to the views of some Muslim thinkers such as Fakhr al-Din Razi, ‘Allamah Hilli, Taftazani, and Mulla Sadra, who were already involved in this discussion more than others and propounded more solid and plausible theories in this regard. They have sometimes reviewed the same informed theories critically before some of the critiques of Descartes. In this way, the author reveals that Islamic thinkers’ interpretation of the Cartesian distinction is closer to Hume’s more solid interpretation of this notion than to that of Descartes himself. Hume states that clarity and distinction result in possible existence rather than the very existence of the researchers. Manuscript profile

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152 - A Critical Study of the Ideas concerning the Islamicity of Islamic Philosophy
Mansur Imanpour

Today, one of the questions raised regarding Islamic philosophy is what is meant by Islamic philosophy and why this philosophy is described by the attribute “Islamic”. Several contradictory ideas have been put forward in response to this question. Some believe that this More

Today, one of the questions raised regarding Islamic philosophy is what is meant by Islamic philosophy and why this philosophy is described by the attribute “Islamic”. Several contradictory ideas have been put forward in response to this question. Some believe that this philosophy is basically the same Greek philosophy, and it is unjustified to add to it the adjectives of “Arabic” and “Islamic”. Some others have reduced it to Islamic theology and kalam because of its supporting Islamic beliefs; nevertheless, there are many thinkers and researchers who believe in the truth and realization of this philosophy and its Islamic nature. These researchers are divided into two major groups: one group maintain that the title of “Islamic” has only a formal sense and argue that this school is called “Islamic philosophy” because it grew and was expanded in Islamic countries by Muslim philosophers and under the rule of Islamic governments. The other group, however, believe that this denomination is due to the nature and content of this philosophy and have provided different ideas in this regard. Some of the great figures of this group believe that, the reason for this denomination is that some of the issues and problems of this school are rooted in Islamic teachings, and some others are at the service of demonstrating these teachings. Some other thinkers also view the well-documented belief of the advocates of this philosophy in the existence of Almighty Necessary and Shar‘i and divine oneness as the main reason for calling it Islamic (in its general sense) philosophy. There are still others who introduce this philosophy as the same prophetic philosophy derived from the Book and Sunnah. The present paper, after explaining and analyzing the above views, concludes that Islamic philosophy is the birth child of the living interaction between Greek and Iranian philosophy and thought and Islamic culture and civilization. Through adhering to philosophical subjects, frameworks, and methods, this school is influenced by Islamic worldview and teachings in many respects. In fact, any kind of limitation in this regard and concentration on certain directions will inevitably lead to the fallacy of essence and aspect. Manuscript profile

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153 - Historical Roots of the Concept and Referent of Prime Matter and the First Emanated in Greek Philosophy
ali haghi Abbas Javareshkian Hossein Bulkhari Ghahi

Undoubtedly, the history of philosophy follows a continuous and successive process of development in the course of human life. Although inventions and new problems and topics have always been witnessed and warmly welcomed in this field, they have never interrupted the c More

Undoubtedly, the history of philosophy follows a continuous and successive process of development in the course of human life. Although inventions and new problems and topics have always been witnessed and warmly welcomed in this field, they have never interrupted the continuous process of development of thought in the realm of philosophy. In fact, philosophy, which is the most illuminating dimension of human intellection on the history of thoughts, is responsible for the rational explanation of the most important issues in human life. Undoubtedly, one of the most important of all of them is clarifying the relationship between the Creator or Maker of the world and existents and creatures. Now, if we consider the rise of philosophy in Greece as a crucial event in the history of philosophy, the quality of the philosophical approach to prime matter and, then, the issue of the first emanated are viewed as two of the most significant and fascinating topics in this field. Following an analytic approach, the writers have tried to study the historical background of the first emanated in the history of Islamic philosophy (intellect as the first creation) with reference to Greek philosophy in this regard. The writers assume that the history of philosophy in Islamic civilization has been developed by deliberating over some Greek thoughts and has established the foundation of its own philosophical structure through a profound review of philosophical resources, such as the Qur’an and traditions, as the absolute center of this enterprise. Manuscript profile

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154 - Effects of Stoic Logic on the Development of the Concepts and Technical Terms of the Discussion of Conditional Propositions in the Islamic Period
Amin Shahverdi

Afnan and Sami al-Nishar believe that Islamic philosophers found access to the main texts of Stoic thinkers during the translation movement. Nevertheless, Josef van Ess maintains that Muslim philosophers were exposed to Stoic teachings in the course of the cultural inte More

Afnan and Sami al-Nishar believe that Islamic philosophers found access to the main texts of Stoic thinkers during the translation movement. Nevertheless, Josef van Ess maintains that Muslim philosophers were exposed to Stoic teachings in the course of the cultural interactions between Muslims and the residents of newly conquered regions. In the present paper, after criticizing these two ideas, the writer agrees with Dimitri Gutas’s view regarding the indirect impact of Stoic logical doctrines through the works of such logicians as Galen and Alexander of Aphrodisias. Then, by examining the concepts and technical terms which are employed by Stoic logicians in the analysis of conditional propositions and reasonings, he investigates the effects of such concepts and terms through the works of the above-mentioned logicians in the development of certain concepts such as conflict, necessity, and exception. Manuscript profile

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155 - Foreword
Hossein Kalbasi Ashtari

Islamic Philosophy, Arabic Philosophy, Orientalism

Islamic Philosophy, Arabic Philosophy, Orientalism Manuscript profile

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156 - A Comparative Study of Utopia in Islamic Thinkers: A Case Study of the Views of Khwajah Nasir al-Din Tusi and Ibn Sina
Mahdi Torkashvand Ali Khajeh Naieni

The negation of painful worldly affairs and trying to depict a purely good world in the mind of a human being who has experienced a descent from heaven to the earth has a long history. This thought has resulted in the development of the idea of Utopia by Western and Eas More

The negation of painful worldly affairs and trying to depict a purely good world in the mind of a human being who has experienced a descent from heaven to the earth has a long history. This thought has resulted in the development of the idea of Utopia by Western and Eastern thinkers. Khwajah Nasir al-Din Tusi and Ibn Sina are among the scholars who have theorized in this regard and elaborated on the various dimensions of their own Utopia. The present study was conducted using a descriptive design and examining the existing documents regarding Ibn Sina and Tusi’s views of Utopia. The results of the study indicate that the differences between their descriptions of Utopia pertain to their theoretical approach, their views of the kind of leadership and attributes of the head of Utopia, Ibn Sina’s hierarchical and class-oriented view, and an accurate view of the components of Utopia in Ibn Sina’s philosophy in comparison to Tusi, while they both agree with each other with respect to their worldviews, the conditions they set for attaining the leadership of Utopia, and compromising view of the existing status. Evidently, given the Islamic worldview of both thinkers, the findings of this study could be a useful first step for portraying an Islamic city. Manuscript profile

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157 - A Study of Idah al-Khayr al-Mahd and its Influence over the History of Islamic Philosophy
Gholamhossein Ahmadi Ahangar

The book al-Khayr al-mahd is inspired by Proclus’ Elements of Theology and, in spite of its small size, has exercised the greatest influence upon Islamic philosophy along with Athologia. In this treatise, Proclus has propounded several problems concerning the prime caus More

The book al-Khayr al-mahd is inspired by Proclus’ Elements of Theology and, in spite of its small size, has exercised the greatest influence upon Islamic philosophy along with Athologia. In this treatise, Proclus has propounded several problems concerning the prime cause, intellect, and soul, which are accepted by Muslim philosophers. Through posing the four elements of prime cause, existence, intellects, and souls in the cosmological theory of emanation based on effusion, as well as dividing each of the intellects and souls into primary and secondary ones and discussing them based on their ontological places and excellence, Proclus stands at a distance from Plotinus’ theory of emanation. The translation of al-Khayr al-mahd into Arabic granted it a more visible presence before Muslim philosophers because of its greater conformity with their religious and revealed thoughts. That is why we sometimes confront the same words and statements used in al-Khayr al-mahd in their works. For example, in ‘Amiri’s treatise of Fi al-m‘alim ilahiyyah, the principles and problems discussed in al-Khayr al-mahd have been presented in exactly the same form. However, they have been reflected in a new form in others’ works. In this paper, the writer has tried to demonstrate the influence of this book on Muslim philosophers. Manuscript profile

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158 - A Study of Hermes in Suhrawardi’s Thoughts
Seyyedeh Behnaz Hosseini

In Tabari sources, Hermes is one of the grandchildren of Sheth, the son of Adam. After these two people, he was the first to become a prophet. In Suhrawardi’s view, the history of philosophy and thought begins with Hermes. The Sufis have been truly called the most impor More

In Tabari sources, Hermes is one of the grandchildren of Sheth, the son of Adam. After these two people, he was the first to become a prophet. In Suhrawardi’s view, the history of philosophy and thought begins with Hermes. The Sufis have been truly called the most important heirs to Hermetic tradition among Muslims. In many sources, the names of such figures as Hallaj and Suhrawardi have been placed among the names of the followers of this tradition. Moreover, Hermetic ideas have penetrated into the world of Islam through some sciences such as medicine, astronomy, alchemy, and the like. As a result, a group of Muslim writers, historians, gnostics, and philosophers have considered Hermes to be a pioneer in the field of wisdom and various sciences. Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi, the founder of Illuminationist philosophy in the world of Islam, is one of the representatives of this Iranian symbolic and esoteric, interpretive tradition, which, in addition to honoring Hermes’ character, tries to connect him with Iranian mythology. He attributes some names derived from his own philosophical terms to Hermes, such as tiba‘ tam (perfect natures). Suhrawardi considers himself an heir to Hermetic wisdom. Through a study of Hermes in Greek mythology and later sources, this paper intends to show how he entered the domain of Islamic prophethood. Manuscript profile

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159 - Methodology of Great Muslim Philosophers’ Encounter with the Translation Trend of the Abbassid Period
Seyyed Mohammadali Dibaji

Researchers in the field of Islamic studies in the West have chosen the name of “Translation Movement” to refer to the trend of the translation of the books of different nations into Arabic during the Abbasid period. This trend, which continued for two centuries in diff More

Researchers in the field of Islamic studies in the West have chosen the name of “Translation Movement” to refer to the trend of the translation of the books of different nations into Arabic during the Abbasid period. This trend, which continued for two centuries in different spontaneous or guided forms, received some reactions from the Islamic society. One of the important questions in this regard is what the attitude of the distinguished Muslim philosophers of that period, particularly al-Kindī, Fārābī and Ibn Sīnā, was to this movement. The present study indicates that, unlike the common response in the historiography of the translation trend, instead of a translation movement, during this time we are faced with a philosophical movement alongside a scientific one in the history of Islam. The philosophers mentioned above separated their judgments of three problems, namely, translation, translators and interpreters, and translated and interpreted works, from each other. Based on their own philosophical movement, which was in conformity with the principles of Islamic thought, they had three methodological, reformist, and critical reactions to this trend. They evaluated the translated works based on Islamic philosophical theorems and benefitted from them with some innovations in their own philosophical systems. Manuscript profile

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160 - A Study of the Philosophical Elements of Platonic-Plotinian Tradition in Khwājah Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī’s Philosophy
Seyed Morteza Honarmand

After the rise of Islam, philosophy and wisdom in Iran and in other corners of the world of Islam were united with Greek philosophy and interacted with it through the Translation Movement. Khwājah Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī was of the prominent thinkers of the world of Islam who More

After the rise of Islam, philosophy and wisdom in Iran and in other corners of the world of Islam were united with Greek philosophy and interacted with it through the Translation Movement. Khwājah Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī was of the prominent thinkers of the world of Islam who became familiar with Greek philosophy and enriched it in the light of his innovations through the Peripatetic Philosophy and the works of Fārābī and Ibn Sīnā. Now, the question is which of the philosophical elements of Greek wisdom, particularly the Platonic-Plotinian tradition, is more visible in Ṭūsī’s philosophical-kalāmī thoughts. This study, which was carried out following a descriptive-analytic method and through exploring Ṭūsī’s works, concludes that this presence and similarity have emerged in different forms, including: 1) complete acceptance of Greek views without any change though with some displacement of Greek views, such as the most logical problems, the discussion of the ten-fold categories, the four-fold causes, and classifications of sciences; 2) completion, change, and addition of some arguments for demonstrating the previous views, such as the problem of impossibility of endless chain, immateriality of the soul, proving the Necessary, oneness of the Necessary, impossibility of the emanation of many from the one, union of the intellect and intelligible, and the substantial nature of archetypes, and 3) the change of the content and nature of Greek views while preserving their old names, such as Platonic Ideas. Manuscript profile

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161 - Editor's Note
Hossein Kalbasi Ashtari

دربارة روابط و مناسبات ایران و فرهنگ ایرانی با اسلام و فرهنگ اسلامی، نوشته‌ها و تحقیقات مختصر و مفصلی در زبانهای فارسی و اروپایی صورت گرفته و میگیرد و البته موضوعی است که نه تنها کهنه نشده و به حد اشباع نرسیده، بلکه همواره بدلایلی، مورد توجه شماری از خاورشناسان و اسلام‌ More

دربارة روابط و مناسبات ایران و فرهنگ ایرانی با اسلام و فرهنگ اسلامی، نوشته‌ها و تحقیقات مختصر و مفصلی در زبانهای فارسی و اروپایی صورت گرفته و میگیرد و البته موضوعی است که نه تنها کهنه نشده و به حد اشباع نرسیده، بلکه همواره بدلایلی، مورد توجه شماری از خاورشناسان و اسلام‌شناسان و ایران‌شناسان قرار دارد. گردآوری و سنجش و ارزیابی این آثار فی‌نفسه کاری است بزرگ و البته با توجه به حجم و دامنه آن، نه کار یک تن، بلکه تنها از عهدة گروهی از پژوهشگران برمی‌آید. در میان آثار مشهور در زبان فارسی، بیش از پنج دهه است که از زمان نگارش کتاب خدمات متقابل اسلام و ایران، نوشته استاد مرتضی مطهری میگذرد و هر چند اکنون نیازمند ویرایش و بروزرسانی، بویژه از جهت برخی داده‌های تاریخی است، اما بنوبة خود نشاندهندة دغدغه مهم یکی از اندیشمندان بزرگ معاصر است که به زوایایی از موضوع در زمان تصنیف آن پرتو افکنده است. بجز این اثر، آثار دیگری نیز در دهه‌های اخیر با رهیافتهایی متفاوت نگاشته شده‌اند که بطور خاص بر نقش تشیع و انقلاب اسلامی ایران در تحولات یک قرن اخیر جهان تمرکز دارند. آنچه در این میان برای پژوهشگران فلسفه اهمیت می‌یابد، وضعیت علوم عقلی در منطقه شرق عالم اسلام با محوریت ایران، در این بازة زمانی است. اکنون بی‌اعتباری این سخن برخی مستشرقان و مورخان فلسفه، دائر بر همزمانی مرگ فلسفه در عالم اسلام با مرگ ابن‌رشد، کاملاً روشن شده و کمتر کسی است که دربارة گسترش خیره‌کنندة فلسفه و علوم عقلی، حد فاصل قرن هفتم تا قرن یازدهم قمری و از آنزمان تا امروز یعنی چهارصد سال اخیر، در عالم اسلام و بویژه در قلمرو ایران و شعاع ایران فرهنگی، تردید کند. شاهد بر این معنا تألیف و تصنیف هزاران اثر در علوم عقلی و ظهور دهها مدرسه و مکتب فلسفی و حکمی در این پهنه و محدودة زمانی، با محوریت ایران و فرهنگ ایرانی است که صد البته جوهر معارف قرآنی و تعلیمات ائمه هدی را در خود جای داده و بمدد آن، به این مقام شامخ دست یافته است. همچنین سخن و تلاش برخی نویسندگان عرب‌زبان در پوشاندن یا حتی انکار سهم ايرانيان در فلسفه، با داعیه‌هایی چون عقل عربی و مانند آن، بیشتر از سر تعلقات ملی‌گرایانه یا اغراض سیاسی است که سستی و بیپایگی آن نیز روشن شده و تقریباً از گردونه گفتمان علمی معاصر خارج افتاده است. با نگاهی به وضعیت کنونی عالم و رویدادهای پرشتاب آن در تمامی سطوح، و بویژه مقایسه وضعیت علوم عقلی میان عمدة کشورهای اسلامی از یکسو و ایران از سوی دیگر، نتایج مهمی حاصل میشود که نزدیکترین این نتایج به زمینه‌های ظهور و بروز گرایشهای انحرافی و سلفی و تکفیری در برخی مناطق عالم اسلام بازمیگردد و به اذعان جمهور تحلیلگران سیاسی و اجتماعی، این گرایشها و متعاقب آن، رفتارهای خشونت‌بار و حتی غیر انسانی، عمدتاً در بستر انجماد فکری و در غیاب معارف عقلی و فلسفی شکل گرفته و میگیرد. از این جهت، سرزمین ایران هیچ استعدادی برای اینگونه گرایشهای افراطی و سلفی نداشته و ندارد. در دانشگاه هزار سالة الازهر، با آن سابقه درخشان علمی، اکنون نه از تعلیمات فلسفی خبری هست و نه حتی اجازه بحث فلسفی داده ميشود و در عوض، به جولانگاه افکار منجمد سلفی و تکفیری و صدور فتواهای آنچنانی بدل شده است. این وضعیت را باید با تحولات مدارس فلسفی شیراز و اصفهان و تهران در چند قرن اخیر و تعلیم و تدریس متون فاخر و اصلی حکمت در مدارس علمیه و دانشگاه‌های کشورمان مقایسه کرد. حاصل آنکه، در روح و ضمیر مردمان این سرزمین ویژگیهایی وجود داشته و دارد که همواره پذیرای خرد و عقلانیت و اجتناب از هر گونه جمود و تصلب نظری و عملی بوده است. با چنین ظرفیت و استعدادی که در اعماق تاریخ این سرزمین قابل جستجو و شناسایی است، اکنون بازخوانی سهم ایران و فرهنگ ایرانی در تاریخ جهان، فارغ از انگاره‌های میهن‌گرایانه و ناسیونالیستی، ضرورت می‌یابد، بویژه آنکه با ظهور انقلاب اسلامی ملت ایران، این مردمان بعنوان ملتی تأثیرگذار و نقش‌آفرین در تمامی سطوح در چهار دهة اخیر در کانون توجه محافل و مراکز علمی و سیاسی جهان قرار گرفته‌اند. این بازخوانی از جهتی ناظر به جستجو در مدارک و شواهد مکتوب و غیر مکتوب و پژوهشهای علمی و میدانی معاصر است و از جهتی ناظر به تأملات و انظار تحقیقی اهل نظر، تا زوایایی از این تأثیر و تأثر را که مغفول مانده است، روشن نمايند. Manuscript profile

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162 - Manifestation of Sadrian Philosophy in Islamic Architecture
Behrooz ‘Avazpoor Bahman Namvar Motlagh Saina Mohammadi Khabazan

Mulla Sadra’s philosophical thoughts profoundly influenced the development of art, in general, and the architecture of his time, in particular. Therefore, it seems necessary to carefully examine and discuss his ideas and theories in this regard in order to have a better More

Mulla Sadra’s philosophical thoughts profoundly influenced the development of art, in general, and the architecture of his time, in particular. Therefore, it seems necessary to carefully examine and discuss his ideas and theories in this regard in order to have a better and more accurate understanding of the art and architecture of that period. Since the concept of imagination plays a basic role in the definition of Islamic art from the point of view of Mulla Sadra and other Islamic philosophers and gnostics, in this paper the writers firstly deal with a part of his philosophy that explains this concept. Following this, they will refer to the role and place of imagination in art works in their general sense and explore the actualization of such works in the field of architecture, particularly, those of the Safavid era. Imagination plays such a central role in this discussion that one can define Islamic art in its general sense as the manifestation of an intelligible matter in a sensible one through active imagination. Manuscript profile

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163 - Abscess and Butterfly or Bird and Cage? A Comparative Assessment of the Ideas of Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra on the Body-Soul Relation
Abdolrazzaq Hesamifar

’s philosophies and the way its relationship with the body is explained and justified. It also asks the following questions: Do these two philosophers have the same view of the nature of the soul and its relationship with the body or do they hold different views? Whose More

’s philosophies and the way its relationship with the body is explained and justified. It also asks the following questions: Do these two philosophers have the same view of the nature of the soul and its relationship with the body or do they hold different views? Whose view is more compatible with the Islamic-Qur’anic style of thinking? Here, the writers argue that, while Ibn Sina has adduced some strong arguments in order to justify the immateriality and spiritual subsistence of the soul, a great part of them, if not all of them, are influenced by the Platonic-Neo-Platonic approach to the nature of the soul and the soul-body relation. They also emphasize that, although Ibn Sina has offered some subtle ideas and innovations in this regard, the general framework and structure of his discussion is what we have seen in the Platonic-Neo-Platonic tradition. On the other hand, although Mulla Sadra pays particular attention to Ibn Sina’s arguments regarding the immateriality and subsistence of the soul and provides a new interpretation of the issue, through relying on the theories of the trans-substantial motion, the corporeal origination of the soul, and its spiritual subsistence, he provides an approach that can only arise from the magnificent tree of the Transcendent Philosophy. This approach is consistent not only with the rational transcendent view, but also with the Qur’anic-Islamic view concerning the nature of the soul and its relationship with the body. Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra’s view of the soul-body relation can be assimilated to the relationship between the “bird and cage” and the “abscess and butterfly”. In other words, in Mulla Sadra’s eyes, at the moment of origination, the soul is at the final stage of the development of material forms and the first stage of perceptive forms. Moreover, its being at this final moment is considered to be its last corporeal crust and the first spiritual core. Manuscript profile

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164 - Religion and Politics in Sadrian Philosophy
Mehdi Najafiafra Rohalah Modami

Religion and politics and the relationship between them are among the important problems in Mulla Sadra’s philosophy. In fact, the issue of politics, which is one of the noteworthy realms of human life, never escaped his attention. Mulla Sadra always emphasized Man’s so More

Religion and politics and the relationship between them are among the important problems in Mulla Sadra’s philosophy. In fact, the issue of politics, which is one of the noteworthy realms of human life, never escaped his attention. Mulla Sadra always emphasized Man’s social nature in his works and did not consider individual life to be enough even if it were intertwined with religion. In his view, the development of Man is possible only through living a social life. He also maintained that a society which is geared to provide the context for the growth and development of its members should be governed based on Islamic laws. Politics is different from religion in terms of origin, end, act, and passivity; however, it is completely melted in religion, which is the innermost and truth of politics. Mulla Sadra considered the relationship between religion and politics to be the same as the one between the intelligible and the sensible or between the inward and outward aspects. He argues that as the knowledge of physics is incomplete without the knowledge of metaphysics, using politics without resorting to religion will result in Man’s plunge into forms and ignorance of transcendent truths. This will cause some irreparable damages to human life. A correct clarification of Mulla Sadra’s philosophy is the best barrier against secularism, which emphasizes the separation of religion from politics. Manuscript profile

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165 - “Oughts” and “Ought-nots” of Islamic Philosophy in the View of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Mohammad Rahmani Gooraji Fatemeh Masjedi

This study was conducted to explore the thoughts of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding Islamic philosophy and the required concomitants for its expansion and development based on his speeches. The researchers’ main purpose here was to develop a More

This study was conducted to explore the thoughts of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding Islamic philosophy and the required concomitants for its expansion and development based on his speeches. The researchers’ main purpose here was to develop and present a desirable model for the development of Islamic philosophy based on the grounded theory. In doing so, they studied the speeches, sermons, messages, decrees, orders and interviews of Imam Khamenei between 1981-2008 and, through employing three open, axial, and selective types of coding in the grounded theory methodology, they found 111 codes/concepts, 24 categories, and four dimensions. In the conclusion section, while presenting a paradigmatic model dominating the categories, they provide some responses to the research questions based on the research findings. Manuscript profile

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166 - Editor's Note
Seyyed Mohammad Khamenei

Political Intellect Islamic Revolution Political Insight

Political Intellect Islamic Revolution Political Insight Manuscript profile

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167 - Applications of Mullā Ṣadrā’s Psychological Principles in Education
Mahdi Rezaei

The basis of education, in general, and Islamic education, in particular, is the human soul (psyche). In order to educate the soul and psyche, there are some principles that are employed to achieve the predetermined goals and objectives. Given the religious approach of More

The basis of education, in general, and Islamic education, in particular, is the human soul (psyche). In order to educate the soul and psyche, there are some principles that are employed to achieve the predetermined goals and objectives. Given the religious approach of this study and the potentials of the Transcendent Philosophy in this regard, the author has tried to identify and examine the applications of the principles of educating the soul (psyche) based on Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophical thoughts. Some of these principles include the substance of the soul’s immateriality, the corporeal origination and spiritual subsistence of the soul, and its graded trans-substantial motion in its process of development. Following this, he has dealt with the educational principles inferred from the mentioned principles and the purposes of this study, such as graded transcendence and graduation and transformationalism, reform, and recreation in the process of educating the soul (psyche). This study was conducted following a combination of descriptive-analytic and inferential methods while using library resources in order to describe the concepts and analyze and clarify the problem. The author has specifically referred to Mullā Ṣadrā’s books (particularly al-Asfār, VIII and IX) and the works of some of his commentators in order to extract and infer the related principles employed in the education of the soul. Manuscript profile

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168 - A Study of the Role of Qur’anic Teachings in Philosophical Theology
Aireza Asadi

Some opponents of philosophy and many Orientalists believe that Islamic Philosophy simply repeats the words and views of Greek philosophers and is not only totally far from Islamic teachings but also sometimes in opposition to them. Through explaining the extent of the More

Some opponents of philosophy and many Orientalists believe that Islamic Philosophy simply repeats the words and views of Greek philosophers and is not only totally far from Islamic teachings but also sometimes in opposition to them. Through explaining the extent of the influence of the Holy Qur’an on a rational and philosophical discussion and a study of the works of Islamic philosophers, this paper aims to demonstrate that they have benefitted from Qur’anic teachings in order to expand and develop philosophical discussions and, particularly, philosophical theology. In other words, it intends to prove that the qualitative and quantitative expansion of philosophical problems, arguments, theories, and principles in the field of philosophical theology is indebted to Qur’anic teachings. This influence is to the extent that it has led to the conceptual and structural evolution of Greek philosophy and differentiates the general approach of Islamic philosophy from Greek philosophy. Manuscript profile

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169 - A methodology for interpreting the role of Islamic values and tenets in the design of directive elements of strategic plan (case study: design of directive elements of national macro-economy plan)
ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ اﺣﻤﺪي

Design of an effective strategic plan in the level of national to regional, and from ministries to governmental organizations is one the most essential priorities in the realization of national policies and goals. In addition, Islam as the most complete religion, provid More

Design of an effective strategic plan in the level of national to regional, and from ministries to governmental organizations is one the most essential priorities in the realization of national policies and goals. In addition, Islam as the most complete religion, provide some values and tenets that could be used in the administration of the society and ruling based on them will lead to perfect felicity of humankind. Thus, in this research, the efforts were concentrated on the manner of influence of Islamic values and tenets and also achievements of human pure sapience on the various governmental plans. For this purpose a methodology was proposed for codification of governmental plans, so that Islamic values and tenets, and approaches based on knowledge and technology, will be used in a structured way in the design of directive elements (vision, mission, goals, qualitative and quantitative objectives) of a strategic plan. Furthermore, the proposed methodology was implemented in the design of directive elements of a strategic plan in the economic and social sector of government, and the results about the economic sector was reported in this paper. Manuscript profile

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170 - Designing model for promotion halal brand position in the global markets
علی شاه نظری Ali Nejatbakhsh Isfahani Ali Asghar Pourezzat Maryam Soleimani

The need to become familiar with the Islamic viewpoint regarding business to perceive factors which shape Moslem customers' behaviors for global trade is an inevitable reality due to globalization of economy. The purpose of the present survey was to propose a model to e More

The need to become familiar with the Islamic viewpoint regarding business to perceive factors which shape Moslem customers' behaviors for global trade is an inevitable reality due to globalization of economy. The purpose of the present survey was to propose a model to enhance Halal brand status in the global markets.Important effective variables on Halal brand were exploited from literature using field study which was the basis of Delphi method. Then Delphi questionnaire was given to thirty experts in the field of Halal brand in Iran.Having studied experts' views through collecting Delphi questionnaires four times, twenty eight variables were identified in the form of four major classes and the model for enhancement of Halal brand status was proposed. This model was confirmed using the structural equations model. Moreover, priority of the identified variables was explained.Effective factors on Halal brand were identified in this survey from a multi-lateral viewpoint. Thus, a comprehensive model was recognized to enhance Halal brand status in the global markets Manuscript profile

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171 - A model for determination and reduction of conflicts among national plans based on the Islamic-Iranian advancement pattern
وحیدرضا سلامت

Planning is one of the main functions of management and has always been the focus of managers and policy-makers. Planning at large scale levels involves complexities that can lead to conflicts among different national plans. In this study, the inter-plan conflicts betwe More

Planning is one of the main functions of management and has always been the focus of managers and policy-makers. Planning at large scale levels involves complexities that can lead to conflicts among different national plans. In this study, the inter-plan conflicts between national plans and the “Islamic-Iranian advancement pattern” have been addressed. National plans are defined as plans designed by the national level organizations and being implemented by them. The “Islamic-Iranian advancement pattern” is an upper-hand document that all of the other plans must be designed in compatibility and adaptability with it; therefore the conflicts between “Islamic-Iranian advancement pattern” and other national plans are a remarkable and important issue. Also it should be noted that the most important point in preventing the conflicts is the comprehensive view of planners and also their expertise, but according to complexity of such plans the occurrence of conflicts is inevitable. In this study, a model based on the multi-criteria decision making methods for the determination and reduction of the conflicts in national plans has been introduced and also the advantages of this model have been discussed. Manuscript profile

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172 - Developing the Quinquennial Strategic Plan for the IRIB University
اردشیر زابلی زاده

The IRIB University - as a leading institution in educating media science and technology across Iran, region and the world of Islam, and privileged position in supplying IRIB human resources - needs a comprehensive study to determine its ideals, objectives, strategies, More

The IRIB University - as a leading institution in educating media science and technology across Iran, region and the world of Islam, and privileged position in supplying IRIB human resources - needs a comprehensive study to determine its ideals, objectives, strategies, and requirements. So, to make the universities effective, we should run strategic plan so that while carrying out the coordinated activities, to achieve lofty goals. The study is done to present a quinquennial strategic plan for the IRIB University. To gather the information, quantitative and qualitative methods such as: interview, surveying records and documents, analyzing the accomplished studies and organizing strategic meetings were applied. The gathered information was analyzed through swat technique. The sample society was chosen among officials and people being familiar with IRIB and University issues. In this case, 50 people were taken to fill up the questionnaire, among them, 40 questionnaires were completed and had been analyzed. The polling section relating to the swat analysis, a self-made questionnaire consisting of open and closed questions were used. Based on the results, the University’s strategic plans and objectives were designated in the following six domains: - Human resource (including faculty members, student, staffs and administrators). - Education. - Research and technology. - Structure and management. - Religious, cultural and social system. - And scientific, educational and international cooperation in the World of Islam. Manuscript profile

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173 - Explanation of Human Resource Development Model Based on Islamic-Iranian Model
vahid nasehi far saeid Askari Masule

This study seeks to explain human resource development models based on Islamic-Iranian model of progress in line with a generalized model in the selective ministries of Iran. The research method is descriptive-survey and is based on cross-sectional data. The questions a More

This study seeks to explain human resource development models based on Islamic-Iranian model of progress in line with a generalized model in the selective ministries of Iran. The research method is descriptive-survey and is based on cross-sectional data. The questions are descriptive and hypotheses are relational. The main question of the research involves how the integrated model of development of human resources based on Islamic-Iranian model of progress in the ministries of Iran is. The population mean test was used to test the hypotheses and Friedman test was used to prioritize variables. Thirteen hypotheses were defined based on the models of previous studies. The population of the study includes all vice presidents and directors of human resources development who are at service for the year ended in 1395 in the selected governmental ministries. The findings of the hypotheses testing indicate the confirmation of all the variables influencing the research model. According to the results of the confirmatory factor analysis, from the organizational perspective factors like organizational justice, cross-organizational factors, training, hardware factors of the working environment, indigenousness of the model, knowledge management, national factors and software factors of the working environment and from individual perspective factors like faith-centeredness and engagement of the employees are effective on the development of human resources based on Islamic-Iranian approach of progress. Finally, the final version of the research model extracted by using confirmatory factor analysis and its fitting was approved. Manuscript profile

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174 - Determine and rank effective leadership components in cultural and art organizations through an Iranian Islamic approach using Fuzzy Delphi method.
Mohammad chakoshian reza sepahvand mahmoodreza esmaeili amirhoshang nazarpoori

Regarding the significance of culture and cultural and art organizations in the community cultural growth, and according to the leadership signifiacnce in the organizations, the present research is conducted to determine and rank effective leadership components in cultu More

Regarding the significance of culture and cultural and art organizations in the community cultural growth, and according to the leadership signifiacnce in the organizations, the present research is conducted to determine and rank effective leadership components in cultural and art organizations through an Iranian Islamic approach using fuzzy Delphi method. Research statistical population included managers of cultural organizations, cultural experienced management professors, as well as culture experts. 22 research samples were selected using purposeful snowball sampling method. Following literature review and research background and interviewing some experts, 22 components were identified and exposed to the experts through a questionnaire. All 22 components were verified through fuzzy Delphi method. Research results show that leadership components of insight, ethics orientation, religion orientation, tolerance, self-control, dependability, inspiring, refinement, seeking excellence, and finally growth and empowerment are ranked in order. Manuscript profile

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175 - Explaining the position and role of the Supreme Leader in the favorable policy-making of the Islamic Republic of Iran
mehrdad bagheri pebdeni mohamadbagher khorramshad mohsen ghomi amirali saifoddin

Islamic Revolution As the claimant, the owner of the letter and the new way For humanity In order to try to build the requirements of this claim. On the other hand, the Islamic Revolution has introduced itself as the Western civilization system On own move In addition t More

Islamic Revolution As the claimant, the owner of the letter and the new way For humanity In order to try to build the requirements of this claim. On the other hand, the Islamic Revolution has introduced itself as the Western civilization system On own move In addition to a positive effort to provide these essentials, It requires a serious effort To fight With factors and backgrounds Agains Witht is path and Direction original own. The condition for the success of the Islamic Revolution in own positive and supportive movements Adopting The right trick To advance It is in the direction and advance of goals and this plan Required Policy-making And determining good policies. This research is trying to principal requirements to reach favorable policy In the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Investigating and determining the position and role of Islamic leadership in the Islamic Republic's governance model in the position of achieving the desired policy is the subject of this research. Manuscript profile

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176 - Recognition of the sources of knowledge in the creation of Islamic knowledge
Mostafa Jafarpishe محمد سعید جبل عاملی

As sensory and experimental data are considered to be a source of knowledge and as intellectual data are considered to be a source of knowledge, the knowledge that is taught by the prophets to mankind is too, another source of knowledge. This paper deals with a fresh l More

As sensory and experimental data are considered to be a source of knowledge and as intellectual data are considered to be a source of knowledge, the knowledge that is taught by the prophets to mankind is too, another source of knowledge. This paper deals with a fresh look at the sources of knowledge acquisition, process of acquisition, extraction and inference of Islamic knowledge from two sources of Quran and Sunnah, based on the statements of knowledge about the existence and phenomena of creation, in these two sources. in this paper, the concept of Islamic knowledge is cognition and knowledge that is first take from the religion of Islam, Quran and Sunnah, and secondly, that is related to the postulates of religion and reality of the universe in general and widespread, both materialistic and non - materialistic. But the recommendations of the Quran and the Sunnah will be directly excluded from our discussion. Manuscript profile

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177 - An Introduction to the Production of Islamic Knowledge
Mostafa Jafarpishe محمد سعید جبل عاملی

In the composition of "Islamic knowledge" it is discussed what facts and news propositions can be deduced from Islamic sources so that they can be attributed to the Islamic religion according to scientific criteria and proper research methods and the documents are permi More

In the composition of "Islamic knowledge" it is discussed what facts and news propositions can be deduced from Islamic sources so that they can be attributed to the Islamic religion according to scientific criteria and proper research methods and the documents are permitted and to be considered legitimate and correct. Here, it refers to the ontological knowledge that can be extracted from the sources of Qur'an and Sunnah. Hence, to the difference between Islamic knowledge based on the ontological statements of Islam, and Islamic knowledge in the absolute sense of theology (the statements contained in the Islamic religion, both related to existence and what relates to its laws and Shari'ah and its legal rules), has been paid attention. So the realm of discussion has a limitation in one aspect and a development in another. Relatively limited to Islamic ontological knowledge, the domain of debate is limited and expanded to include all branches of Islamic knowledge related to being. In this article, the term "Islamic knowledge" is the science that first derives from the religion of Islam, the Qur'an and the Sunnah and can be attributed to this religion. Secondly, it is related to the ontological propositions and the realities of the universe in general and extensively. Therefore, the descriptive and recommendation statements of the Qur'an and Sunnah are directly outside the scope of this article. Describing the value of knowledge and its necessity, defining Islamic knowledge and its possibility, and explaining the role of rationality in the system of Islamic thought, has provided the conditions for introducing the authentic foundations and strategic principles of Islamic knowledge with the Ijtihadist approach. These principles can be the basis for learning and developing Islamic knowledge. Manuscript profile

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178 - Structural Modeling of the Impact of Organizational Factors on the Human Resource Development with the Mediating Role of Knowledge Management Process and Transfer of Training
Kolsoom Nami mir mohmmad seyed abbaszadeh Mohammad Hassani Abbas Bazargan

The aim of the present study determines the relationship between organizational factors and human resources development with the mediating role of knowledge management process and transfer of training in the Islamic Azad Universities of Hormozgan. This study was a corre More

The aim of the present study determines the relationship between organizational factors and human resources development with the mediating role of knowledge management process and transfer of training in the Islamic Azad Universities of Hormozgan. This study was a correlational research using methods of structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all employees of Islamic Azad University of Hormozgan province, which includes 560 employees that 228 people were selected as statistical sample of the research. To collect data from questionnaires of Shekarzade knowledge management process (2012), Halton, Bates & Rona Transfer of Training (2002), Manus Organizational Factors (2004), Najafi human resource development (2012) were used, Structural validity through confirmatory factor analysis confirmed. Reliability of questionnaires was reported using Cronbach's alpha coefficient as 0.93, 0.89, 0.89 and 0.91, respectively. The results showed that organizational factors have a direct impact on the knowledge management process. Transfer of Training has a direct impact on the development of human resources. knowledge management process has a direct impact on the human resource development. The process of knowledge management has an indirect impact on the human resource development of employees through transfer of training. organizational factors have an indirect and significant impact on the human resource development through the process of knowledge management and the transfer of training. Manuscript profile

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179 - Designing a strategic model of succession planning with emphasis on organizational learning in the country's universities (Case study: Islamic Azad University of Khorasan Razavi)
Mohammad Ghasem Aghel hamdolah manzari tavakoli Masoud Pouekiani saeid sayadi

10.52547/istd.31175.8.29.1

The purpose of the current study is to present a strategic model of succession emphasizing on organizational learning in Iran universities particularly the Islamic Azad University of Khorasan Razavi. Mixed-methods, exploratory deign was used in this study in which qua More

The purpose of the current study is to present a strategic model of succession emphasizing on organizational learning in Iran universities particularly the Islamic Azad University of Khorasan Razavi. Mixed-methods, exploratory deign was used in this study in which qualitative approach was initially utilized and subsequently the quantitative approach was used based on the results obtained from the qualitative phase of the study. The researcher proposed the initial conceptual framework and model, based on the results of interviews analyzed with the Delphi method. Then, the model was evaluated using the Field information and survey results. Data were collected through interviews with 25 academic experts who had scientific publications. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and interviews with university experts. The findings of this study revealed that the conceptual model of the study indicates that succession is influenced by 7 variables that were considered in designing the questionnaire and measuring the pattern of these variables. The results also confirmed the dimensions and factors affecting succession planning and identified the importance of each variable, which are: a) system of education, b) evaluation and measurement of policy performance and c) talent identification d) strategy and the formation of a talent treasury e) human resources. Manuscript profile

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180 - Designing a Model for Developing the Competencies of Iranian Managers in Governmental Organizations with Emphasis on Islamic Management: A Qualitative Research in Education
Hossein Khanifar Salahedin Ebrahimi Faeze Mohammadesmaeely Bahman Gholami

10.52547/istd.31331.8.30.47

Managers need to have the capabilities and abilities to lead them to a successful performance that not only meets internal needs but also be able to direct external needs. And in any society, the educational system is an important and significant part. This institution More

Managers need to have the capabilities and abilities to lead them to a successful performance that not only meets internal needs but also be able to direct external needs. And in any society, the educational system is an important and significant part. This institution is the basis for intellectual growth and development and the basis for maturity and realization of human capacities. Therefore, education managers must have the necessary competencies to do this successfully. Therefore, the present study was designed to develop a model for developing the competencies of Iranian Islamic managers in government organizations with an emphasis on Islamic management in education. To conduct the research, a qualitative approach of phenomenological type and grand theory method was used to conduct the research. The study population was all experts, professors and senior managers in the field of human resources and Islamic management in education, and 19 people were interviewed using purposive sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. Coding method was used to analyze the qualitative findings. The results showed that "development of Islamic competencies and development of leadership and managerial competencies" as a central category, "succession, continuous evaluation, continuous training and learning and talent management" as causal conditions, "learner-centeredness" Organization (learning organization), justice in the selection, appointment and promotion, planning and program-oriented and career development "as strategies, categories of" organizational culture and staff group "as a platform," Islamic attitude to Management, human resources, and organizational structure were introduced as intervening conditions, and the development of the competencies of Iranian-Islamic managers in government organizations can have positive individual and organizational consequences in education. If the managers of education are developed by using the competencies and according to the appropriate Iranian Islamic model, and have sufficient knowledge and skills, the organization will be able to achieve the goals of the organization by raising the morale of the employees and motivating them to work and work. Spend fewer resources and better quality and increase the productivity of the organization. Manuscript profile

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181 - In Search of Principles of Designing a Residential Complex Based on “Islamic Wisdom” (Based on the views of Allama Ayatollah Javadi Amoli in the book Mafatih Al-Hayat)
salman noghrekar reyhaneh rahimi

Without a proper definition of the right way of “living”, we can not talk about the good form of “housing” and the desired quality of “living space”. The research hypothesis is that “living container” and “lifestyle” have a reciprocal effect. Man’s life includes his fou More

Without a proper definition of the right way of “living”, we can not talk about the good form of “housing” and the desired quality of “living space”. The research hypothesis is that “living container” and “lifestyle” have a reciprocal effect. Man’s life includes his fourfold relationship with “God, self, others and nature”, which, if based on Islamic teachings, can be said to have been achieved by the Muslim way of life. And “architecture” has the attribute of “Islamic” to the extent that it facilitates it. The aim of this research is to achieve principles for such “architecture” on the scale of “residential complex”. The research question is “What principles should we follow in designing a residential complex that lays the groundwork for an Islamic lifestyle?” To find the answer On the one hand, during conceptual modeling, nine key components of a residential complex were explained. Then, during library studies and content analysis methods, different approaches to “Islamic housing” were categorized and analyzed in two ways: “quantitative and qualitative”. From the third path, the characteristics of the Islamic way of life were obtained from the point of view of Allameh Javadi Ameli - as an Islamologist based on research; accordingly, the residential complex includes four main areas: “housing, roads, service space and green and open space”. The result of the research is the achievement of “design rules” of each of these nine elements that make up the residential complex, which is expressed in the form of “negative and positive principles”. In the current situation of the country, where due to the people’s need for housing, the policy of the “National Housing Production Movement” has been proposed by managers, the achievement of this research can be the guiding principles in designing a residential complex for designers. It should also be a basis for teaching architecture and training architects, especially in the course “Residential Complex Design” (Design 5). Manuscript profile

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182 - Social impact assessment of Moradab cultural, recreational and tourism complex
طلیعه خادمیان حبیب جباری

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the social effects of the construction project of Moradab cultural and tourism complex in Islamabad neighborhood located in district one of Karaj municipality and to provide solutions to increase the positive consequences and red More

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the social effects of the construction project of Moradab cultural and tourism complex in Islamabad neighborhood located in district one of Karaj municipality and to provide solutions to increase the positive consequences and reduce the negative consequences. The method of this research was cross-sectional in terms of time and in terms of implementation process, it was combined (quantitative and qualitative). In the quantitative part, the information was obtained through a survey of 400 Islamabad residents of Karaj and in the qualitative section, interviews have been conducted with the managers of the municipality of Karaj region, executive agents, planners and prominent people and local elites. Formal validity was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire and Cronbach’s alpha method was used to determine the reliability. The findings of the study indicate that the implementation of this project has positive effectsو such as improving leisure time, improving the local landscape and improving the environment, a sense of peace and social vitality, increasing a sense of security, increasing access to recreational and cultural services. , Increase housing prices, create job opportunities and income generation, improve the appearance of the neighborhood, increase participation and local affiliation and increase satisfaction and its negative effects are boredom and distrust of the people to the officials and the plan, forced migration and dissatisfaction with the crowds and crowds after the implementation of the plan, which, with the implementation of proper organizing policies and satisfaction of residents and principled design and benefit of the investor Private to speed things up can reduce the negative effects. Manuscript profile

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183 - Negative external economic consequences from the perspective of Islam with emphasis on air pollution in Tehran
Atiye Shafiee Hasan Sobhani

Negative economic consequences are the result of the activities of economic enterprises that directly and indirectly emit pollution, and the perpetrators mainly do not seek to compensate for these consequences and correct the effects caused by their improper performance More

Negative economic consequences are the result of the activities of economic enterprises that directly and indirectly emit pollution, and the perpetrators mainly do not seek to compensate for these consequences and correct the effects caused by their improper performance. The religion of Islam, according to the rules, has expressed its serious opposition to harming the environment and not compensating for it. This study examines how the religion of Islam is confronted in the face of negative external economic effects and the city of Tehran, which is always one of the most polluted cities in the country, has been selected to focus on the study. The research method is qualitative and based on the data of the foundation and has been done with the help of non-random sampling of 15 managers and employees of the government and the municipality of Tehran and the elites of Islamic economics and accurate interviews with them. Based on the results of the model, the efficiency of Islamic economics in order to improve the external economic consequences depends on improving the current position of the environmental economy, and after doing so, it is important that with the help of contextual factors and balanced development interventions for better and more effective implementation. Experienced the achievement of the environmental-Islamic model. Manuscript profile

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184 - Explaining the Different Ethical Approaches to the Antecedents and Consequences of Women's Conspicuous Buying
Ali Afshari Hamid Reza Saeidnia Hussein Vazifehdoost

This study aims to identify the factors affecting conspicuous consumption from the perspective of women with different lifestyles, including academics and seminarians, and also to investigate what actions conspicuous consumption leads to in individuals. This research is More

This study aims to identify the factors affecting conspicuous consumption from the perspective of women with different lifestyles, including academics and seminarians, and also to investigate what actions conspicuous consumption leads to in individuals. This research is fundamental in terms of purpose and methodologically examines and analyzes the views of women on the conspicuous consumption of luxury goods using the grounded theory. The method of data collection is field and using semi-structured interview tools in two groups of the statistical population including 15 female students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch, and 15 female students of Al-Zahra seminary in Qom. The results of the study show the difference between the beliefs and views of the first and second groups regarding the concept of conspicuous consumption and show that female students of Islamic Azad University are more inclined to the conspicuous consumption of luxury goods and female students of Al-Zahra seminary are less inclined to the conspicuous consumption and seek to control it through paying attention to Islamic ethics and religious life. This difference in the views of students is based on causal factors including structural, behavioral, psychological, and social factors. This research has for the first time dealt with the concept of conspicuous consumption from two perspectives with different intellectual approaches and compares them in Iran. Manuscript profile

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185 - Analysis of the condition of the Dave in Marzban-nameh from the perspective of the teachings of Zoroastrianism and Islam and Folk beliefs
KHodabakhsh Asadollahi Alireza Kazemiha

Among the ancient Persian literature ,evidences of penetration of the myths of Nations can be found, that indicates the writer’s or poet’s influences are most of these myths. when the writer’s words are exanimated from a mythological point of view; gradually these impac More

Among the ancient Persian literature ,evidences of penetration of the myths of Nations can be found, that indicates the writer’s or poet’s influences are most of these myths. when the writer’s words are exanimated from a mythological point of view; gradually these impacts give them theirs, because from the mythology’s perspective some one who is studing_classical and contemporary texts, if there is an effect of the author from archetype or mythical element, will be realize this factor at writing. In the dyvgavpay(a demon that has a cattle-shaped leg) and religious knowledge story,wich is registered in the fourth chapter of the Marzban nameh , also the same ingredient are visible. Being a negative person called demon, from the time of Zarathustra’s changes among of Iranians, he losts his grand position and , according to the Zoroastrian teachings, has a low and hateful position, on the one hand, in addition has a cattle-shaped leg on the other hand, likewise declaring the text of the mastery the demons initially had on the environment and also, gather all of them by the command of the dyvgavpay, all are elements that can be traced from the point of view of mythology and reading the old texts and the beliefs of the Islamic and Zoroastrians. So in this research we have done it till prove this point that myths ancient Iranian beliefs in the Zoroastrian and Islamic periods and after that, in this text have been impressive. Manuscript profile

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186 - Social justice and its role in social security from the perspective of the Qur'an and Islamic traditions
Mohsen Ghafoury pour seed hamid shamerizi Kamal Khajehpour

One of the sublime goals that human beings have always sought to achieve for centuries; Social justice and benefiting from the results of its realization. According to the Qur'an, the establishment and implementation of justice in society is one of the most important du More

One of the sublime goals that human beings have always sought to achieve for centuries; Social justice and benefiting from the results of its realization. According to the Qur'an, the establishment and implementation of justice in society is one of the most important duties of the divine prophets; Therefore, Islam as the most perfect divine religion and at the top of it, the holy existence of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the Imams of the Infallibles (PBUH) as divine reformers have paid special attention to this natural principle and have explained it. Security, with all its dimensions and contexts, is one of the necessities of human individual and social life, and its absence is a great vacuum and a common chapter of many human problems in life; Therefore, it is necessary to study and explain these two categories and the relationship between them. In the present article, which has been done in a library method and in a descriptive-analytical method, while explaining the nature of social justice, its role in the security of Islamic society and in both social and economic dimensions from the perspective of the Qur'an and hadiths has been studied. Manuscript profile

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187 - The Reason for the Lack of Aristotelian Political Philosophy Over the Orbit of Thought in the Islamic World, the Middle Ages
Mohammad Osmani eslami eslami

Islamic civilization in the second century AH was accompanied by the transfer of various sciences from Greece to Iranian civilization and from there to the Islamic world. In the process of the construction of objective structures, such as the government, it took its men More

Islamic civilization in the second century AH was accompanied by the transfer of various sciences from Greece to Iranian civilization and from there to the Islamic world. In the process of the construction of objective structures, such as the government, it took its mental support from Greece and Plato and Aristotelian philosophy. Along the way, because of the characteristics of Arab culture and its religious elements, as well as the experience of Iranshahr that was being transmitted to the Islamic world, Plato's philosophy and apostasy were taken into account on the metaphysical basis, while Aristotelian philosophy, which is close to realism, became a state of thought. That is to say, the difficulties of the political are not thought of in the orbit of Aristotelian philosophy, but from the point of view of Platonic political philosophy. From this perspective, the question is why was the political philosophy in the process ignored? How would the objective structures of Islamic civilization be organized if Aristotelian political philosophy? The hypothesis in this article is that in Islamic civilization, there were subjective structures and structures that marginalized Aristotelian political philosophy. Intellectual structures such as mental duality, along with the domination of religious ideas, led to the manifestation of structures influenced by this notion in the political arena. Religious thought and mythical ideas were a fundamental factor in the tendency to think about the political and government structure. Of course, the experience of governing in the Iranian life of the Sassanid era, where neo-lauretism was the intellectual support of solving political difficulties, was also favored by Muslims as a model for thinking of social hardships. But on the contrary, Aristotelian philosophy, based on social realities and rational approach, was marginalized in the process. To this end, we analyze the subject with the Wittgenstein Interpretative Approach. Manuscript profile

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188 - The Influence of Social Conditions on Mullā Ṣadrā’s Classification of Sciences
Fatemeh Jamshidi Nasrin Serajipour

During the Safavid era, at the time of Mullā Ṣadrā and upon the rise of court-jurisprudents and pseudo-mysticism, true sciences such as jurisprudence, philosophy, and gnosis were in seclusion. Mullā Ṣadrā, as a religious scholar who was familiar with the philosophical a More

During the Safavid era, at the time of Mullā Ṣadrā and upon the rise of court-jurisprudents and pseudo-mysticism, true sciences such as jurisprudence, philosophy, and gnosis were in seclusion. Mullā Ṣadrā, as a religious scholar who was familiar with the philosophical and gnostic ideas before him, tried to eliminate philosophical confusion from the scientific society and oppose this fallacious approach. Hence, he established a new philosophical system in order to bring all previous thoughts together in a consistent manner. In fact, he aimed to clarify the place of true knowledge and the ways of attaining it for society through establishing his own school of philosophy. The classification of sciences is one of the fundamental problems in any philosophical system. However, it is emphasized that each system of philosophy and the collection of its problems are influenced by the social conditions of their time. Similarly, Mullā Ṣadrā’s classification reflects his social concerns and has been developed in response to the social needs of his time and directing them towards true sciences. He has provided a specific classification of sciences in each of the three periods of his scientific life. He followed a peripatetic approach during the first period, an Illuminationist approach during the second one, and a transcendent approach during the third period, which reflected the height of his philosophical maturity. This paper aims to investigate Mullā Ṣadrā’s classification of sciences during each of the three periods of his scientific life and demonstrate how each was influenced by the social conditions of his time, and how each responded to the existing societal needs. Manuscript profile

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189 - Quantitative and qualitative analysis of hadiths by Muslim mystics in mystical texts
jalal usofi enayat ali hosein ehteshami mohammadreza fereydooni

From the point of view of Muslims, after the Holy Quran, the hadiths of the Infallibles (AS) are the most important heritage of Islam. This precious treasure is considered by various Islamic sects, including Muslim mystics. Mystics have their own principles in dealing w More

From the point of view of Muslims, after the Holy Quran, the hadiths of the Infallibles (AS) are the most important heritage of Islam. This precious treasure is considered by various Islamic sects, including Muslim mystics. Mystics have their own principles in dealing with hadith. In some cases, differences in their basis with the scholars of hadith have caused differences. So that sometimes mystics have been attributed to forging and distorting hadiths. It seems that the analysis of hadiths by mystics with accurate scientific methods paves the way for understanding their principles and rules in the face of hadiths. This study examines seven hadiths considered by Muslim mystics in 110 mystical sources. Attempts have been made to analyze these hadiths quantitatively and qualitatively using modern research methods. The findings of the research show that some mystical hadiths are more considered by mystics and citation of these hadiths is abundant in mystical sources. Manuscript profile

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190 - ُُEditor's Note
Hossein Kalbasi Ashtari

از مداخل مهم تاريخ علم و فلسفه جهان، مدخلي موسوم به «نهضت ترجمه» در دو قلمرو عالم اسلام و غرب لاتيني است. تتبّعات و تحقيقات متعدّدي در چگونگي اين دو رخداد مهم علمي و فرهنگي صورت پذيرفته و اكنون به بركت اين تلاشها، داده‌هاي ارزشمندي دربارة آثار و منابع، مترجمان و چگونگي More

از مداخل مهم تاريخ علم و فلسفه جهان، مدخلي موسوم به «نهضت ترجمه» در دو قلمرو عالم اسلام و غرب لاتيني است. تتبّعات و تحقيقات متعدّدي در چگونگي اين دو رخداد مهم علمي و فرهنگي صورت پذيرفته و اكنون به بركت اين تلاشها، داده‌هاي ارزشمندي دربارة آثار و منابع، مترجمان و چگونگي ترجمة آثار از زبان مبدأ به زبان مقصد در اختيار ماست. برابر گاهشماري موّرخانِ تاريخ علم، نهضت ترجمة نخست، حدّ فاصل قرن سوّم تا پنجم قمري در عالم اسلام و در مناطقي چون بغداد و مرو و نهضت ترجمة دوم، حد فاصل اواخر قرن يازدهم تا اواسط قرن سيزدهم ميلادي در مناطقي چون صَقليّه (سيسيل) و طليطليه (تولدو) در جنوب اروپاي آنروز پديد آمد. بي‌ترديد در باب مبادي و انگيزه‌هاي دو حوزة فرهنگي و تمدني عالم اسلام و غرب لاتيني در اقبال به ترجمة متون نيز ديدگاههاي مختلفي عرضه شده است، ليكن همچنان پرسشهاي مهمي در اين زمينه وجود دارد كه نيازمند تتبّع و تحقيق افزونتري است، مانند اين پرسشها كه: به غير از احساس نياز به فراگيري دانشها ـ بويژه دانشهاي كاربردي نظير رياضيات، نجوم و طبّ ـ چه انگيزه يا انگيزه‌هاي ديگري در اخذ و اقتباس اين علوم وجود داشته است؟ در اقبال و توجه به علوم عقلي نظير منطق و فلسفه و كلام چه زمينه‌هاي روحي و فرهنگي مؤثر بوده است؟ و مهمتر اينكه: در اخذ و اقتباس علوم، چه افزوده‌ها و تغييراتي به صورتهاي اوليه آن علوم ضميمه شده است؟ بنظر ميرسد مبادي تحرّك و نشاط علمي سده‌هاي نخستين قمري در عالم اسلام و نيز تأثيرات ناشي از حضور هشتصد ساله حاكمان مسلمان (711 ـ 1492م.) در شبه جزيره‌ ايبري در جنوب اسپانيا از جمله موضوعاتي است كه همچنان نيازمند بررسي و پژوهش بيشتري است، زيرا در مقايسه با شرايط و موقعيتهاي قبل و بعد از اين مقاطع تاريخي، تحولات چشمگيري صورت گرفته كه تنها برمبناي آگاهي از گاهشماري آن تحولات، نميتوان به عمق روابط و مناسبات فرهنگي و معنوي آن روزگار پي‌ برد. به اين مطلب بايد مطلب ديگري نيز افزود و آن اينكه بخش اعظم پژوهشهاي صورت گرفته در خصوص اين دو جريان علمي بدست پژوهشگران غربي انجام شده و حتي آن بخش از اين پژوهشها كه مربوط به نهضت ترجمه در عالم اسلام است نيز عمدتاً از جانب پژوهشهاي غرب به شرق سرازير شده است، اين در حالي است كه منابع و مدارك تاريخي براي پژوهشهاي گسترده در اين زمينه در اختيار پژوهشگران عالم اسلام قرار داشته و دارد، مانند انبوهي از تراجم و فهرستها و گزارشهاي تاريخي كه هرچند نيازمند مطالعه و بررسي انتقادي است، ليكن حجم قابل توجهي از داده‌ها را در اختيار پژوهشگران اين حوزه قرار ميدهد. اميد آنكه اين مهم با همّت و دقت نظر صاحبان قلم و پژوهشگران علاقمند به حوزة تاريخ علم و تمدن تحقق يافته و افق جديدي از تأثير ميراث علمي جهان اسلام را به روي نسل حاضر بگشايد. Manuscript profile

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191 - Islam views the economic performance of women and their role in the economic development of the Muslim community
Soheila Biria

By explaining the genuine status of women, Islam has considered many financial and economic rights for women; however, in Islamic financial law, women have no financial responsibility for providing the family means of livelihood for their household. Therefore, women hav More

By explaining the genuine status of women, Islam has considered many financial and economic rights for women; however, in Islamic financial law, women have no financial responsibility for providing the family means of livelihood for their household. Therefore, women have financial independence, and all rights such as inheritance, dowry, alimony, income from work belong to women based on the Islamic legal system. No one has the right to attack, demand, and seize this right. In addition, women are involved in the foundation of economic development and the creation of human capital. This paper explores the Islamic view of women's economic status. Then, the role of women in the economic development of Islamic society is evaluated, and suggestions are made to enhance women's empowerment. This article is descriptive and analytical. Manuscript profile

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192 - A study of architectural elements in fire temples and mosques in ancient Iran and the Islamic era
zohre nadryan yaghob zoalfeghary

With the end of the Sassanid rule, the Islamic period began in Iran, Muslims needed a mosque for worship. Hence, they turned fire temples into mosques and destroyed some of them and built mosques in their place. In different historical periods, different elements were a More

With the end of the Sassanid rule, the Islamic period began in Iran, Muslims needed a mosque for worship. Hence, they turned fire temples into mosques and destroyed some of them and built mosques in their place. In different historical periods, different elements were added to them with different styles. In this research, questions such as the characteristics of the physical and spatial elements of the fire temple and how they change and become a mosque, are clearly stated and the researcher understood the reason for the changes in the buildings. This research has been done by descriptive analytical method with a historical perspective, which has been collected through data collection, and the result of studies on the buildings of mosques and fire temples in the Islamic period is as follows: Mosques consist of 4 structures They are the first structure of the nave + the courtyard of the mosque. Second structure: quadrangular + nave + courtyard. The third structure is only one nave and the fourth structure is only four-arched. Manuscript profile

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193 - The social revolutionary revolution is a social political goal. It is a process that is driven by mass action leading to the aspirations arising from long-term ideas and by breaking away from the past, which is accompanied by inequality and the future of new norms with justice And Aristotle believes that existing inequalities are among the factors behind the revolution. The purpose of the present study is to explain the sociology and comparisons of the revolutions in Egypt, Tunisia, Libya and Iran, which has been analyzed using the ideas of the Jews and the people. The research methodology is the methodology for reviewing and analyzing The content of the relevant texts is a tool for collecting field information. The results showed that among the common causes behind these revolutions: the political and administrative failure of the rulers, despotism and absolute freedom, and the taking of people, the widespread financial and social crises and its consequences (unemployment, Inflation, reduced economic growth, social harm, reduced social trust and socialism, anomalies, etc.), the presence of intellectuals and people in the scene, the existence of virtual social networks from other revolutions, the existence of guiding and minded leaders, dependence and unbalanced development, and the separation The revolution of Iran with these revolutions: the root of it Another distinction was that of the leadership of Iran, which came from the people and the people.
Seyyed Hossein Taghavi

According to the Islamic view, the principle is based on the Human civilization has led to current crises, one of which is the crisis of spirituality and the neglect of man's relationship with God, and man, proud of his scientific achievements, has devoted all his eff More

According to the Islamic view, the principle is based on the Human civilization has led to current crises, one of which is the crisis of spirituality and the neglect of man's relationship with God, and man, proud of his scientific achievements, has devoted all his efforts to work, capital and prosperity. Now, after five centuries, he has realized that material prosperity and comfort can not comfort him, and to fill this gap, he has turned to ancient and emerging mysticism, including Indian, Buddhist, Indian, and so on. This article seeks to study Islamic mysticism and emerging mysticism through analytical, descriptive and comparative methods, and in contrast to the views of rivals who have expressed the theory of objectivity and contradiction, has accepted the theory of conformity and aspect. Expresses their differences and similarities and in the field of their commonalities, conclusions have been reached which are that both mysticism, in order to heal the psychological and beautiful sufferings of seeing the world and tolerating everything and total peace and speech From love and happiness and peace and humiliation of a partial intellect, they have been contemporaneous with each other; But instinctability, not instinctualism, orbital duty instead of irresponsibility, responding to the basic needs of human beings instead of secondary needs, truth-seeking instead of superstition, are the distinguishing features of Islamic mysticism in comparison with emerging mysticisms. Manuscript profile

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194 - Analysis of the concept of theoretical reason and practical reason based on Islamic approach
Nasibeh Nikpoor Narges Keshtiaray hosein vaezi

Theoretical intellect and practical intellect in the context of history in Islam have great value and credibility. According to the Islamic approach and analysis of the thoughts of Islamic philosophers, it is concluded that each of them has addressed this issue from a s More

Theoretical intellect and practical intellect in the context of history in Islam have great value and credibility. According to the Islamic approach and analysis of the thoughts of Islamic philosophers, it is concluded that each of them has addressed this issue from a specific perspective. Therefore, explaining the views of some of these contemporary and non-contemporary Islamic thinkers on theoretical and practical reason is of particular importance. In this article, a descriptive analytical method has been tried to briefly address his thoughts. The results of this article show that they have considered theoretical and practical reason from two perspectives and in this agreement they consider theoretical reason in four levels: monster, queen, actual, and utilitarian. They consider the perception of generalities as one of its functions and divide practical reason into four levels of manifestation, emptying, emptying, and annihilation. . Their differences are in the perception of concepts in general and in particular and the relationship between theoretical and practical reason. Manuscript profile

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195 - Protecting human dignity and respecting the rights of non-Muslims in Imami jurisprudence and subject law
Toraj Hematti Farsani Alireza Salimi ALIREZA HOSSINI Mohammad Hossein Nazemi Ashani

The religion of Islam has not only dealt with matters concerning Muslims, but also, in an overview, has drawn up rules for non-Muslims and respect for their rights; In the Islamic approach, non-Muslims are either considered as dhimmis, covenants, and trustees who, altho More

The religion of Islam has not only dealt with matters concerning Muslims, but also, in an overview, has drawn up rules for non-Muslims and respect for their rights; In the Islamic approach, non-Muslims are either considered as dhimmis, covenants, and trustees who, although present as a minority in the Muslim community, are supported, or who are among the non-Muslims who are in conflict with Muslims. There are those who are known as military infidels and therefore are not respected by Islam. A look at the sources of Imami jurisprudence shows that the breadth, property and honor of non-Muslims who are under the protection of the Islamic community are considered inviolable; Thus, Muslims have no right to attack them; Because in this case they will be reprimanded. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, by recognizing the religious, Christian and Zoroastrian individuals as religious minorities, has also recognized their rights. In the Islamic Penal Code in 1392, the legislature, by establishing jurisprudential standards in some areas, including adultery with a Muslim, sodomy, tafkhiz, considered the death sentence as an aggravation of punishment for non-Muslims and in drinking alcohol, as a factor A discount was given to non-Muslims only if they pretended to have a limit. Regarding diyat, the equality of diyat of non-Muslim and non-Muslim minorities was maintained, taking into account the opinion of the leadership. Apart from usury, no distinction was made between Muslims and non-Muslims regarding punishments. However, in the field of retribution, a new approach to expanding the scope of the safe has been pursued, which indicates a step towards greater support for non-military infidels, even those who are not among the minorities recognized in the constitution. Manuscript profile

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196 - An Introduction to the Empowerment of the Judiciary in Citizen Participation in the Light of the Revival of Public Rights
Hossein Abdi Vali Rostami

"City" is the main context of the current and future developments and challenges of the country, which can be observed and predicted in relation to the government institution with market and society institutions. Continuation of current challenges, weakening the areas More

"City" is the main context of the current and future developments and challenges of the country, which can be observed and predicted in relation to the government institution with market and society institutions. Continuation of current challenges, weakening the areas of citizen participation and preventing future challenges, in addition to other tools, requires citizen participation. the condition living conditions in the city is the participation of citizens in the management of the city and its end is to guarantee the rights of citizens and regulate their role in the city. Research considers the participation component to be an important priority for city management. The judiciary, is compatible with the rights of citizens and the groundwork for their participation in the administration of cities, and is one of the requirements for good urban governance. This article deals with a legal issue, descriptively-analytically and meta-analytically, to analyze and pathology the possibility of fulfilling the mission subject to paragraph (2) of Article 156 of the Constitution (revival of public rights) in order to ensure citizens' rights Their trust in the institution of power and the basis for their participation in the administration of cities based on the index, the way of development and evolution of the judiciary of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the tradition of public law of contemporary Iran, and concludes that the fulfillment of this mission Based on the above index and in the existing governance paradigm, desire to refuse and in order to create the conditions for the possibility of reviving public rights , we need to renew the discourse and "change the paradigm". Manuscript profile

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197 - The key components of Islamic branding for entry in to international markets in small and medium business enterprises food indust
Seyedeh Fattaneh Moghimi seyyed mahmoud shabgoo monsef kambiz shahroodi narges delafrooz

The purpose of this research is Identify and explain the key components Islamic branding model for entering international markets in small and medium businesses the Food industry.In terms of the purpose of the research ,it is of the applied type and in terms of the meth More

The purpose of this research is Identify and explain the key components Islamic branding model for entering international markets in small and medium businesses the Food industry.In terms of the purpose of the research ,it is of the applied type and in terms of the method of conducting the research , it is a combination that has been done successively in two parts, qualitative and quantitative.First, in the qualitative section , in order to achive the objectives of the research, using semi-structured indepth interviews with 14 experts, specialists and professors in the fild of branding, Islamic branding and marketing, who have been selected by the snow ball method and with using open and central coding of Islamic branding components, including three main components(views and approaches, weaknesses and threat,strengths and opportunities),fifteen sub-components and fifty-one indicators of Islamic were identifie and classified.Then, in a quantitative step, the survey questionnairc was descriptive research method and using cluster sampling method and through the researcher-made questionnaire tool, the opinion of managers and marketing experts in small and medium businesses the Food industry in the country which according to the information obtained from the Ministry of Mining Industry and Trade, 8618 companies are operating, has been collected. The sample size was 364 using cochran’s formula, which was selected by cluster sampling from the statistical population. For quantitative data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and sample T-test Amos software were used.The research findings of the quantitative section indicate that the component of views and approaches had the highest rank among the main components, the conceptual approach is the most important among the views and approaches, the most important strength and apportunity of Islamic teachings, the most important weakness and threat of investment risk. Manuscript profile

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198 - Social Trust in Islam’s Social System
hassan khairi

Social trust is an issue that is interested to sociologists and social reformers. Despite penetrating traditional culture with deep trustworthy elements, our society is faced with this phenomenon. Without any doubt, modern society committed to religious traditions has m More

Social trust is an issue that is interested to sociologists and social reformers. Despite penetrating traditional culture with deep trustworthy elements, our society is faced with this phenomenon. Without any doubt, modern society committed to religious traditions has moral, intellectual, arithmetical, and obligatory elements. In this study, with an integrated approach of agent-structure and acknowledging the necessity of these three elements has provided a picture of Islam’s trustworthy teachings. In addition, this study shed light on some issues extracted from individual jurisprudence’s dominance over social jurisprudence, and lack of clear distinction between action domain and structural domain. And finally, the study investigated the religious duty of commending to good deeds and prohibiting from wrong deeds. Manuscript profile

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199 - Study procedure Tolerance of thoughts and behavior Based on Islamic teachings
mohammad saeeid shafiei shirin shafiei

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200 - Faith, Doubt and Education

The essence of faith is a controversial issue, especially among Muslim and, more prevalently, among Christian thinkers. In this connection, the relation between faith and doubt is one of the main cases of the diffrences of this controversy. In an attempt to pin down the More

The essence of faith is a controversial issue, especially among Muslim and, more prevalently, among Christian thinkers. In this connection, the relation between faith and doubt is one of the main cases of the diffrences of this controversy. In an attempt to pin down the sources of these differences, this paper trace their roots to matters such as differences in the contents of religious beliefs, the theoretical presuppositions of the religious thinkers, the different socio-political experiences of the religious societies and, finally, the differences in the intellectual-philosophical currents affecting these two religious fields. Admitting the important role of the last component, one can expect that the rapid growth of communications as the main channel of exchange of ideas may create opportunities for the Islamic thought to come into contact with rival and opposing views on account of which the Islamic Faith may face the same challenges that Christianity had to confront in recent centuries. This article, by using a concept analytical method toward explaining the relationship between faith and doubt, adopts an epistemological approach called constructivist realism as a basis for Islamic Faith and maintains that contrary to the belief by certain circles of Christianity, doubt cannot be regarded as an integral element of faith. Although the existence of doubt is undeniable, it is not a challenger vis-a-vis faith. This premise seems to predispose Islamic education to, on the one hand, promote tolerance regarding doubt and to emphasize effort and motivation for attaining certainty on the other. Manuscript profile

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201 - Pathology of Religious Education Discourse in the System of Formal Education of Iran

Religious education with its concomitant attempt at shaping a single, uniform identity among the younger generation has always been the concern of our educational system over the past thirty years.To deal with this matter, the aim of this study is, first, to survey the More

Religious education with its concomitant attempt at shaping a single, uniform identity among the younger generation has always been the concern of our educational system over the past thirty years.To deal with this matter, the aim of this study is, first, to survey the dominant discourse of religious education with its subsidiary discourses of campaign against cultural invasion and the localization of sciences in post revolutionary Iran and, second, to investigate the pathology of the above discourse, particularly from the perspective of religious education. To achieve this purpose, the present investigation, using an analytical approach, surveying the history of the above discourse and categorizing the data thus obtained, attempted to review the Islamic education discourse over the past thirty years and critically evaluate its consequences. The results of the survey point to the fact that excessive emphasis on social engineering and attempt at forming a single uniform religious identity, the inculcation of an attitude for imitation through indoctrination, formalism, and a “quarantined” education are the dire consequences of the above discouse. Manuscript profile

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202 - Exploration the Nature of Educational Action from the Viewpoint of End-Means Schema
khosrow Bagheri

Subordination of educational action to End-Means schema is controversial in philosophy of education. Disagreements on this schema are due to different reasons, such as the conflict between this schema with student autonomy and the undermining of moral aspects of educati More

Subordination of educational action to End-Means schema is controversial in philosophy of education. Disagreements on this schema are due to different reasons, such as the conflict between this schema with student autonomy and the undermining of moral aspects of education in this model. On the other hand, the exclusion of educational action from the End-Means schema raises, in turn, some challenges. In order to take an appropriate position on this matter, this paper criticizes the Aristotelian distinction between praxis and poises based on the Islamic conception of action. Based on this critique, an extended version of End-Means schema is introduced for all human actions. Then, the educational action is first explained in terms of an interaction, namely a combination of two actions of educating and being educated issued by the educator and the pupil respectively and each of these actions is analyzed in relation of the suggested schema. In the end, it is shown that how the suggested schema is free from the weaknesses and defects of the traditional explanation of action. Manuscript profile

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203 - The Nature and Realm of Responsibility of Human from the Perspective of Sartre and Islamic View of Action

The aim of this study is a comparative analysis of the nature and the realm of responsibility from the perspective of Sartre and Islamic view of action. In order to do this, two methods of conceptual analysis and comparative analysis were used; using the method of conce More

The aim of this study is a comparative analysis of the nature and the realm of responsibility from the perspective of Sartre and Islamic view of action. In order to do this, two methods of conceptual analysis and comparative analysis were used; using the method of conceptual analysis, the nature of human responsibility, regarding to the nature of human and its freedom in both views, was examined and then, their similarities and differences were comparatively analyzed. The comparison was analyzed from four aspects of the origin of responsibility and the criteria (nature of responsibility), absolute/bounded responsibility and individual/social responsibility (realm of responsibility). First, despite the initial similarities between the two perspectives on the origins of responsibility, these are distinct by considering the concept of abandonment. Second, these two views, according to two aspects of the objective/subjective and absolute/relative of the responsibility criteria, are naturally different. Being absolute/ bounded, as the third component, makes the two views closer together in the responsibility realm. Fourth, individual/social responsibility of acts deals with the comparative study of this realm from another perspective. Manuscript profile

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204 - Methodological Exploration of the Conceptual Analysis Process in the Islamic Philosophy of Education Based on the Theory of Conventional Perceptions of M.H. Tabatabaie
sara hanifehzadeh alireza sadeghzdeh ahad faramarz gharamaleki Mohsen Imani Naeini

The purpose of this paper is to present a methodological exploration of the process of analyzing educational concepts in philosophy of education with an Islamic approach based on the theory of conventional perceptions of M.H. Tabatabaie. The findings show firstly that e More

The purpose of this paper is to present a methodological exploration of the process of analyzing educational concepts in philosophy of education with an Islamic approach based on the theory of conventional perceptions of M.H. Tabatabaie. The findings show firstly that educational concepts have these characteristics: 1. Conventional and normative, and therefore the impossibility of connecting them to facts and the truth 2. Not having a productive relationship with the obvious and theoretical theorems. 3. The possibility of change. 4- The possibility of the psychological connection of these types of concepts with the set of facts and needs of human existence. Therefore, it is necessary for educators to integrate these realities and existential needs in the process of analyzing educational concepts. Secondly, the most important criteria for accreditation of such concepts are: 1- Validity of values and supporting propositions, 2- Efficiency (in meeting the needs of human beings), and 3- Compatibility with other social values. Manuscript profile

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205 - Methodological Exploration of the Conceptual Analysis Process in the Islamic Philosophy of Education Based on the Theory of Conventional Perceptions of M.H. Tabatabaie
sara hanifehzadeh alireza sadeghzdeh ahad faramarz gharamaleki Mohsen Imani Naeini

The purpose of this paper is to present a methodological exploration of the process of analyzing educational concepts in philosophy of education with an Islamic approach based on the theory of conventional perceptions of M.H. Tabatabaie. The findings show firstly that e More

The purpose of this paper is to present a methodological exploration of the process of analyzing educational concepts in philosophy of education with an Islamic approach based on the theory of conventional perceptions of M.H. Tabatabaie. The findings show firstly that educational concepts have these characteristics: 1. Conventional and normative, and therefore the impossibility of connecting them to facts and the truth 2. Not having a productive relationship with the obvious and theoretical theorems. 3. The possibility of change. 4- The possibility of the psychological connection of these types of concepts with the set of facts and needs of human existence. Therefore, it is necessary for educators to integrate these realities and existential needs in the process of analyzing educational concepts. Secondly, the most important criteria for accreditation of such concepts are: 1- Validity of values and supporting propositions, 2- Efficiency (in meeting the needs of human beings), and 3- Compatibility with other social values Manuscript profile

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206 - Discourse Analysis of Teacher Education in the Rule of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Reza Haqverdi Susan Keshavarz Alireza Mahmoudnia

In this paper, teacher education discourse has been analyzed in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Research assumes the governance discourses that have been articulated after the Islamic revolution, have defined teachers' semantic systems that have placed the political, econ More

In this paper, teacher education discourse has been analyzed in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Research assumes the governance discourses that have been articulated after the Islamic revolution, have defined teachers' semantic systems that have placed the political, economic, and social position of teachers in power structures. These semantic systems include a central signifier for teacher education discourse that other signs being articulated around it. The research questions are: what have been the central signs of teacher education in the governance discourse formed after the Islamic Revolution? And what were the backgrounds of teacher education discourses after the Islamic Revolution? This research is based on Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory mode through document mining. According findings of the research, the central sign of teacher education in the governance discourses after the Islamic revolution of Iran are: Revolutionary teacher training, teacher training as a government agent, political development of teacher, fundamental reform in teacher education, teacher education as a theoretical and practical model according to the Islamic standard system. The wide discourse of the Islamic Revolution has had a lasting impact on the process of teacher education. Also after drafting the Fundamental Reform Document of Education (FRDE) and the Document of Teacher Education and the Provision of Human Resources in the Formal and Public Education Subsystem, teacher education has been viewed as a strategic position in the education system with a long-term and forward-looking approach. Manuscript profile

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207 - The transition from theory to practice in Islamic education
رضا محمدی چابکی Fatemeh Sadat Bitarafan

The present study is an attempt to fill the gap between educational theory and practice, taking into account the Islamic perspective on education, which is based on the destruction of the concept of martyrdom (Shahadah). In this regard, by emphasizing the role of the or More

The present study is an attempt to fill the gap between educational theory and practice, taking into account the Islamic perspective on education, which is based on the destruction of the concept of martyrdom (Shahadah). In this regard, by emphasizing the role of the original factor in Islamic education, the Prophet has been considered as a perfect manifestation of human beings and witnessed the implementation of original theories and the main mediator between theory and practice in education. Thus, the transition from theory to educational practice is explained by the basic principle that approaching the Prophet is a criterion for approaching the field of action and an objective manifestation of the theory of education, and consequently, distancing oneself from this educational criterion is a sign of the separation between theory and educational practice. Therefore, according to the Prophet's practical life in the history of Islam, transition in terms of educational practice has been introduced in three levels or general phases, including rational, emotional and behavioral levels by introducing twelve basic components. Manuscript profile

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208 - Exploring and Criticizing Childhood images in Act of Iranian Preschool Curriculum
Narges Sajadieh

This paper aims to deduct the concept of childhood presumed in the "Guide of the curriculum and educational and training activities of preschool" document and criticize it. For this purpose, hidden childhood images supposed in this document was explored. Then, these ima More

This paper aims to deduct the concept of childhood presumed in the "Guide of the curriculum and educational and training activities of preschool" document and criticize it. For this purpose, hidden childhood images supposed in this document was explored. Then, these images were criticized. While in internal critique, inconsistencies were explained, in external critique, these images were examined from the view of Islamic theory of action. The method of inferring childhood images was transcendental analysis and content analysis. Also, whereas the internal critique has done was conceptual structure evaluation, the external critique has done by constant comparative analysis. After examining the document, seven childhood images were inferred: the child as an organism, the child as a mechanism, the child as the capital, the child as a pre-adult person, and the child as a potentially innocent person. The most important incompatibility that was found in the document emerged between the child as an organism and the child as a mechanism. In the external critique, the childhood images in Islamic Theory of Action were listed as "child as a pseudo-agent" and "child as a wildflower which relies on a caretaker". Our findings showed that the curriculum framework does not consider due attention to the young age of the plant and its dependence on the caretaker. Furthermore, the image of child as machine wasn't considered acceptable for humans, whether children or adults. Manuscript profile

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209 - A Comparative Study of Educational Metaphor of Journey in Islamic and Humanism Mysticism
رضا محمدی چابکی

The present study aims to explain the educational metaphor of the journey and its educational implications by a comparative study of two valuable educational works of "The Conference of the Birds" and "The Magic Mountain". Therefore, to achieve the research objectives, More

The present study aims to explain the educational metaphor of the journey and its educational implications by a comparative study of two valuable educational works of "The Conference of the Birds" and "The Magic Mountain". Therefore, to achieve the research objectives, the methods of progressive inference method, and also the four-step comparative method are used and the findings of this study, in three main steps, include the analysis of the educational metaphor of the journey in "The Conference of the Birds" and "The Magic Mountain" from the perspective of seven intermediate mapping maps, including travelers or travelers, travel planners, travel destinations, travel stages, luggage, Routing and travel requirements, travel strategy, and also trips), the deduction of educational implications (principles and methods of education) in the two books, as well as the comparison of the previous two steps. Accordingly, the results of the research indicate that the educational metaphor of the journey, based on the selective basis for it, in which two bases of Islamic mysticism and humanist mysticism are introduced, are two separate paths for education that are defined by The abundance of commonality between these two paths is thought to be different for them; among them, the commonality of these two can be exemplified by the step-by-step process, the freedom and the ability to interpret and interrogate in traveler (student), and The distinction between these two can also be the place or origin of the cognition of human beings and their different ends, one that is infinite and divine, and the other is limited to the human soul. Manuscript profile

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210 - A Comparative Study of Educational Metaphor of Journey in Islamic and Humanism Mysticism
رضا محمدی چابکی Fatemeh Vojdani Fatemeh Sadat Bitarafan

The present study aims to explain the educational metaphor of the journey and its educational implications by a comparative study of two valuable educational works of "The Conference of the Birds" and "The Magic Mountain". Therefore, to achieve the research objectives, More

The present study aims to explain the educational metaphor of the journey and its educational implications by a comparative study of two valuable educational works of "The Conference of the Birds" and "The Magic Mountain". Therefore, to achieve the research objectives, the methods of progressive inference method, and also the four-step comparative method are used and the findings of this study, in three main steps, include the analysis of the educational metaphor of the journey in "The Conference of the Birds" and "The Magic Mountain" from the perspective of seven intermediate mapping maps, including travelers or travelers, travel planners, travel destinations, travel stages, luggage, Routing and travel requirements, travel strategy, and also trips), the deduction of educational implications (principles and methods of education) in the two books, as well as the comparison of the previous two steps. Accordingly, the results of the research indicate that the educational metaphor of the journey, based on the selective basis for it, in which two bases of Islamic mysticism and humanist mysticism are introduced, are two separate paths for education that are defined by The abundance of commonality between these two paths is thought to be different for them; among them, the commonality of these two can be exemplified by the step-by-step process, the freedom and the ability to interpret and interrogate in traveler (student), and The distinction between these two can also be the place or origin of the cognition of human beings and their different ends, one that is infinite and divine, and the other is limited to the human soul. Manuscript profile

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211 - Self-knowledge in Allameh Jafari's theory of rational life And its implications in determining the factors, stages and goals of education
هدایت سیاوشی abolfazl ghaffari hoosein baghgoli javad ghandili

The purpose of this study is to determine the main factors, stages, and goals of self-knowledge-based education in Allameh Jafari's theory of rational life. The method of the present study is descriptive-analytical and deductive inference. What is the meaning and positi More

The purpose of this study is to determine the main factors, stages, and goals of self-knowledge-based education in Allameh Jafari's theory of rational life. The method of the present study is descriptive-analytical and deductive inference. What is the meaning and position of these research questions that self-knowledge has in Allameh Jafari's theory of rational life? And what are the educational factors related to self-knowledge, based on Allameh Jafari's theory of rational life? Using the descriptive-analytical method, and the question of what are the goals and stages related to self-knowledge, based on Allameh Jafari's theory of rational life, was investigated and answered using the deductive inference method. Studies have shown that consciousness, nature, agency, rationality, and the divine self are factors that are important in self-knowledge education in the theory of rational life; Accordingly, the basic goal of education is perfection (nearness to God) and its basic principles are at level 1: rational life and at level 2: self-knowledge; And the three stages of training are liberation (liberation), freedom (redemption) and authority (delegation). Manuscript profile

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212 - An Explanation of Children's Literature in the Educational Realm: From Actual Challenges to the Ahead Horizons
Narges Sajadieh Zohreh Sadeghi

Children's literature has consistently been one of the best means for child education. However, despite its effectiveness, this means has always confronted conceptual challenges regarding its nature; challenges that undermine it compared to other educational means. This More

Children's literature has consistently been one of the best means for child education. However, despite its effectiveness, this means has always confronted conceptual challenges regarding its nature; challenges that undermine it compared to other educational means. This article intended to look at "children's literature" from an educational perspective and while formulating present conceptual challenges, prepares some solutions for them in order to maintain children’s literature as an educational means. Applying the conceptualization method, we formulated these conceptual challenges and then, based on the Islamic action approach and applying implicit deductive method, we proposed some solutions for them. The main conceptual challenges formulated in terms of dualism concerning instructional-literary, global-local, expression of reality-censorship, and fantasy-reality. At the second step, we identified our position about these challenges: literary structure-educational content, and literary creation-educational reading as the solutions of the first challenge; recognition of a multi-layered human identity, and intellectual dynamics of identity-layers as the solution of the second challenge; gradual encountering with reality as the solution of the third challenge; and a bound between fantasy and reality as the solution of the fourth challenge. These solutions can redefine the position of children's literature in the field of education and open new horizons in front of educators. Manuscript profile

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213 - A Philosophical Investigation of the Reasons for the Moral Practice of Organ Donation and Introducing Educational Principles and Methods to Persuade Trainees to Do it Based on the Islamic Perspective of Action
Morad Yaridrhnavi hamid Balochi

According to the teachings of the Holy Qur'an, God considers saving the life of one human being equal to saving the lives of all human beings. In contemporary medical and treatment culture, organ and tissue donation is one of the modern ways to treat humans ad save thei More

According to the teachings of the Holy Qur'an, God considers saving the life of one human being equal to saving the lives of all human beings. In contemporary medical and treatment culture, organ and tissue donation is one of the modern ways to treat humans ad save their lives. Practicing this moral and human value can help realize this divine teaching. This moral and value action has been investigated in different fields of research such as medicine, psychology, sociology, etc., nevertheless, it has not been studied from the perspective of education. In this regard, the present study pursued two objectives. First, the various reasons and factors expressed in persuading individuals to do the moral act of organ donation were categorized and explained from a philosophical viewpoint, and then by adopting a philosophical perspective (Islamic perspective of action), the educational foundations, principles and methods of persuading trainees to do this moral actin were deduced. For the first objective of the research, the descriptive-analytical method was used and for the second objective, Frankena's reconstructed model was utilized as the research methods. The results showed that the reasons for persuading individuals to do this moral action can be classified into four areas: intellectual, emotional, psychological and sociological. In accordance with the three principles of human practice from the Islamic perspective of action, the three educational principles including raising awareness about the moral action of organ donation, emotional transformation about it and making grounds for trainees to voluntarily do it, along with direct, semi-direct and indirect educational methods to realize these principles were recommended to act as guidelines for internalizing and persuading trainees to do organ donation. Manuscript profile

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214 - Childhood, Evils, and Error-tolerant Education
saeed Azadmanesh

Human being has been naturally created in such a way that has the possibility and desire to behave good and evil. This is while in education, and especially in childhood education, the good is central and evil has been marginalized. Concentrating on the good and ignorin More

Human being has been naturally created in such a way that has the possibility and desire to behave good and evil. This is while in education, and especially in childhood education, the good is central and evil has been marginalized. Concentrating on the good and ignoring the evil in education does not seem realistic. The inclination to evil behavior and recognizing wickedness and error in childhood requires an appropriate education. In this study, by expressing reasons for the necessity of recognizing evil and a glimpse of the verses of the Quran, the desire to behave good and evil is recognized in childhood. Considering the concept of evil and the concept of childhood as a spectrum makes sense of talking about evil in childhood. Hence, an alternative approach is proposed to childhood education, called error-tolerant education. Error-tolerant education attempts to recognize the error and wickedness in childhood to provide the possibility of an active encounter to error and thus, facilitate the path of education and truth-seeking for children. “Recognizing the child’s evil inclinations”, “encountering error actively in childhood”, and “maximum welcoming of children’s error” are some of the components of error-tolerant education in childhood Manuscript profile

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215 - Critique of the performance of Islamic city councils in Iran
amir aminzadeh Jamshid Arous

One of the most important institutions in Iran in the field of decentralization and balanced development based on geographical spatial characteristics are the Islamic councils of cities and villages. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Islamic councils of the city have More

One of the most important institutions in Iran in the field of decentralization and balanced development based on geographical spatial characteristics are the Islamic councils of cities and villages. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Islamic councils of the city have been formed since 1999 and have a relatively short history. By evaluating the four periods that have passed since the formation of the Islamic councils of the city, we can point to their not so favorable performance based on the goals set in the upstream laws and documents. The present study aims to investigate and analyze the reasons for this failure in various dimensions. The statistical population of the study includes members of the Islamic councils of the city across the country, members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly and experts in areas related to the Islamic councils of the city. A one-sample t-test was used to investigate the performance of councils and to express the relationships of two variables as well as to prove the significance or non-significance of the relationships between them and the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable, two-variable linear regression test was used. The results show that centralism, rent system and ambiguity of legal status have led to poor performance of councils in Iran. Manuscript profile

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216 - Explain the components of urban planning education with emphasis on Islamic city indicators
alireza sabermanesh hasan ahmadi naser barati

As a controversial term,Islamic city is the source of wide and continuous debates, which experienced the large changes and developments since its onset. Although, there is many doubts and disagreements on the definition and determination of the urban planning terms, suc More

As a controversial term,Islamic city is the source of wide and continuous debates, which experienced the large changes and developments since its onset. Although, there is many doubts and disagreements on the definition and determination of the urban planning terms, such as Islamic city,it has been as an academic major for more than a century and experienced many changes, particularly under the influence of social circumstances. The connection between the students and graduates of this field with the sectors of academic world and the labor market can be achieved with identifying the components of teaching in urban planning, particularly the Islamic city, which also result in the strong influence of these components on the teaching of this field.One of the ways to improve the knowledge, skills and attitudes of professors and students about quantitative and qualitative debates in urban planning is the necessity of research withfocusingon the components of Islamic city teaching. Considering the position of urban planning teachingand the need to explain the indicators of the Islamic city, this research seeks to explain the teachingcomponents related to urban planning with an emphasis on the indicators of the Islamic city. The main purpose is to identify the role and place of Islamic city indicators in the context of teaching. This research is an applied and survey research based on the purpose, and data collection, respectively. It used the method of structural equation modeling, too. Using the library and documents methods besides by using the studying and reviewing the previous works, the main variables of the model and the indicators related to each one were extracted. The necessary corrections, additions and adjustments were made by helping the opinion of the experts. Then, a questionnaire was designed based on these variables and indicators. This questionnaire let us to determine the importance of each of the obtained indicators in the form of a question and through a five-point Likert scale. We confirmed the validity of this questionnaire by the relevant experts. This questionnaire was filled by the opinion of many students in the studied area. The results show that the quality, methods and teachingaidswith a path coefficient of 5.22, trainers and lecturers with a path coefficient of 3.26, the basic factors of teaching with a path coefficient of 4.19, teaching skills with a path coefficient of 5.08 and finally theteachingvalueswith a path coefficient of 4.55 and all with a probability of 99%havethe significant impacts on the indicators of the Islamic city for the urban planning students. However, the evaluation of the findings showed that the presence of the components of the Islamic city can be important to increase the knowledge of professors andthe motivation of students and to establish an effective connection with the world. Manuscript profile

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217 - Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces in the Mirror of Holy Defense
Behrouz kheshtzar

After the Iraqi army launched a nationwide invasion of the holy land of Islam, the revolutionary and Muslim people of Iran, who saw part of their country in danger, invaded the battlefields from all over the country and built a huge barrier against the equipped Iraqi ar More

After the Iraqi army launched a nationwide invasion of the holy land of Islam, the revolutionary and Muslim people of Iran, who saw part of their country in danger, invaded the battlefields from all over the country and built a huge barrier against the equipped Iraqi army from the very first days. In addition to sending their youth to the battlefields, the Muslim people, with their cash and non-cash donations, took care of some of the needs of the battlefields. Political scientists believe that the socio-political life of any society owes to the active participation of all members of society, and social development depends on the use of potential and actual capacities of all human resources and their conscious and committed participation in all social arenas; But the same role-playing and participation depends on the attitude of members of society towards their identity and status, their social acceptance to play a role, their self-confidence and the availability of grounds for participation. Manuscript profile

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218 - An Analytic Critique of the Reductionist Approach to Islamic Philosophy
Zahra Mazaheri Seyyed Mohammad Kazem Alavi

One of the recent debates regarding Islamic philosophy focuses on its originality and the questions of the “possibility of Islamic philosophy”. This identity-related problem has a significant effect on the history and future of Islamic philosophy. The view of the oppone More

One of the recent debates regarding Islamic philosophy focuses on its originality and the questions of the “possibility of Islamic philosophy”. This identity-related problem has a significant effect on the history and future of Islamic philosophy. The view of the opponents of the originality of this denomination, including Orientalists, Western historiographers, some Arab scholars, and those who are against any kind of religious philosophy can be considered to be reductionist. In their theories, they have reduced Islamic philosophy to a philosophy imitating Greek philosophy, Islamic Kalām and theology, and Arabic philosophy. Opposing Orientalists and historiographers view Greek philosophy as the base and Islamic philosophy as one of its branches. Some of the opponents believe that any attempt at establishing Islamic philosophy is in vain by insisting on the incompatibility of religion and philosophy. Moreover, by rejecting the possibility of religious philosophy, including Islamic philosophy, they maintain that the use of the word Islamic as an adjective for philosophy, as an intellectual science, is not justified and, thus, equate Islamic philosophy with Kalām and theology. Some other opponents, including Arabs, avoid the use of the phrase “Islamic philosophy”, and, by emphasizing the language of philosophical texts in Islamic tradition, call it Arabic philosophy. They limit Arabic philosophy to the Arab race and believe that this view is supported by history of philosophy. The present paper provides a critical analysis of the proponents of reductionist approaches to Islamic philosophy and aims to demonstrate and defend the necessity of its originality as a historical reality. Manuscript profile

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219 - A research on theoretical approaches to the Islamic management
سید کاظم چاوشی

Objective(s): Islamic management is a concern of those who believe in Islam as a perfect and complete religion. Several theorists have attempted to identify and introduce this concept from different point of views that leads to development of concept of Islamic manageme More

Objective(s): Islamic management is a concern of those who believe in Islam as a perfect and complete religion. Several theorists have attempted to identify and introduce this concept from different point of views that leads to development of concept of Islamic management. The objective of this article is to introduce and categorize this different point of views. First of all, this article, divides Islamic management theories within two major groups: the old one (from the emergence of Islam to 19th century) and contemporary (after 19th century up to now especially after Islamic revolution of Iran). Methods: We used comparative research method to recognize different views on Islamic management and categorize them. First of all, we search to find books or articles written about Islamic management. Then we tried to understand the point of view of authors toward Islamic management and compare the main stream of these texts according to Fred Lootans (1972). Results: this study led us to categorize different views to Islamic management to following approaches: 1. Growth approach to Islamic management 2. Principle approach 3. Traits of Islamic managers approach 4. Functions of Islamic managers approach 5. The impact of Islamic values on management approach Conclusion: We tries throw this article to introduce definition of Islamic management, the fundamentals and most famous theorists of each approach. Manuscript profile

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220 - A comparative study between management from Quran’s perspective and from Western-based theories of managment
بهاره شهریاری

Objective(s): To present a desirable model for management from Quarn’s perspective. Methods: Two methods were used to collect data: literature search and collecting data from a sample of 25 informants using a purposed questionnaire. Results: The analysis showed that t More

Objective(s): To present a desirable model for management from Quarn’s perspective. Methods: Two methods were used to collect data: literature search and collecting data from a sample of 25 informants using a purposed questionnaire. Results: The analysis showed that there were significant correlation between fundemental management principles and mangement from Quran’s perspective. In addtion it was found that compared to western style of management more attention have been paid to these principles in mangement from Quran’s perspective. Conclusion: The findings from this study indicate that there are associations between the specifications of a desirable Islamic management and management duties that can be extracted from Holy Quran. Manuscript profile

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221 - Theoretical Foundations of Sociology from Viewpoint of Quran
Mohsen Sadeghi amini Seyed abdolvahab Taleghani zahra faghih imani

The relationship between Islam and humanities is a fundamental issue, discussed by scholars under the general theme of the Islamisation of Knowledge, especially after the Islamic Revolution of Iran. In order to comment on Islam’s point of view about sociology and possi More

The relationship between Islam and humanities is a fundamental issue, discussed by scholars under the general theme of the Islamisation of Knowledge, especially after the Islamic Revolution of Iran. In order to comment on Islam’s point of view about sociology and possibility of Islamisation of the field, however, it is necessary to first explain the ontology of the society from Islam’s viewpoint and then to assess the feasibility of codification of scientific propositions based on the viewpoint of this religion about society. Through a documentary method, this research tries to present the viewpoint of Islam about society and its law-governedness by studying the basic religious texts such as Quran and Hadith (i.e. Tradition). It will be seen that there are four groups of verses implying a law-governed society, among which the first group includes nineteen sets of verses that directly signify law-governed society. Manuscript profile

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222 - Pathology of Interdisciplinary Quranic Studies in Information Technology-based Environment
Hamid Reza Imanifar

The purpose of this study is to investigate a "Pathology of Interdisciplinary Quranic Studies in the Information Technology-based Environment". In this study, library research and analytical methods have been used. Currently, there is not much research done on interdisc More

The purpose of this study is to investigate a "Pathology of Interdisciplinary Quranic Studies in the Information Technology-based Environment". In this study, library research and analytical methods have been used. Currently, there is not much research done on interdisciplinary studies of the Quran and scholars have little access to related works and books. The solution to this problem is to create a comprehensive database of information in cyberspace specialized in the field of interdisciplinary Quranic studies. It will include the collection of books as well as articles related to conferences, journals and newspapers on the subject. There should also be plans for collecting works on interdisciplinary studies of the Quran conducted in other countries. Manuscript profile

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223 - Identifiers of City in View of the Holy Quran
جابر دانش

To understand the effects of physical, social, economic and management teachings of Islam about cities and explaining a model for the differentiation of cities in different periods, various studies have been conducted and various analyses have been presented, some of wh More

To understand the effects of physical, social, economic and management teachings of Islam about cities and explaining a model for the differentiation of cities in different periods, various studies have been conducted and various analyses have been presented, some of which consider the numerous religious references and texts on urban development. The specific nature of cities in the Islamic world and their concepts and inclusive common characteristics indicate the influence of the Islamic culture and their relationship with religious teachings. Thus, the Islamic city is a term introducing the cities influenced by the Islamic culture and values. This article, relying on references in Quranic verses to various aspects of architecture and urban planning as well as on the opinions of the commentators and philologists, has extracted reviewed and analyzed the identifiers and components of city in view of the Holy Quran while not considering the verses related to the life of the saints and eternal life. In this context, information and data have been collected and studied through analytic descriptive approach. The Holy Quran in order to avoid unnecessary and harmful construction refers to attributes such as security, peace, respect and compliance with natural and climatic conditions in urban and worldly development while also considering the ideal, perfect and absolute aspects in the heavenly abode. The style of the Quran in explaining the attributes of constructions is stressing the qualitative aspects in providing human social shelters and places. Basically, though, religious teachings do not mention detailed criteria and specific guidelines in this respect. Manuscript profile

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224 - A Comparison of Bowlby's Attachment Theory in Psychology and Islam’s Teachings on Role of Mother in the Upbringing of Children
نجمه بارباز اصفهانی

The responsibility of raising children is on the shoulders of mothers both in terms of priority (quality of influence) and precedence. In all theories of growth, mothers have been mentioned as having the most influence on child. Hence, this research tries to answer ques More

The responsibility of raising children is on the shoulders of mothers both in terms of priority (quality of influence) and precedence. In all theories of growth, mothers have been mentioned as having the most influence on child. Hence, this research tries to answer questions like: How does the psychology of quality consider the influence of mother on child? How do the Quran and Hadiths describe the role of mothers and their influence on children? What are the points shared between Islamic teachings and physiology on this subject? The findings of this research indicate that psychologists like Bowlby attach importance to the role of mother after the birth while Islam considers the upbringing of children beginning with the selection of spouse, then pregnancy and then birth. In both views, the characteristics of the mother play a significant role in shaping the child’s personal and social character. Father’s role is also important, both in raising the child and, indirectly, in influencing the mother’s mental health. Manuscript profile

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225 - electronic commerce derivations in Islamic Law; with reference to the Quran and Sonna
پرویز باقری

Objective(s): Using new technologies in the field of commerce especially by means of the Internet has made a new kind of conducting business namely electronic commerce (e-commerce). Many Muslims are wondering whether this new form of commerce is applicable in Islamic co More

Objective(s): Using new technologies in the field of commerce especially by means of the Internet has made a new kind of conducting business namely electronic commerce (e-commerce). Many Muslims are wondering whether this new form of commerce is applicable in Islamic commercial law. The objective of the paper is to find the legality and acceptability of e-commerce law in Islamic law. Although Islamic law does not contain all the word for word provisions governing the commercial conducts but the Islamic doctrine under circumstances has let conducting business in any type whether electronic or physical. Method: The research method will be legal context analysis and library study. At the meantime descriptive-analytical method is applied considering the historical guidelines. Result: The researcher tries to scrutinize issues on the legality of e-commerce in Islam by the use of the Quran and Sunnah (Hadith) to expose to Muslims throughout the world that they can benefit from this new technology. Conclusion: The paper is going to discuss about the way in which the Muslims should conduct themselves vis a vis their fellow human beings, especially in the context of e-commerce or business. Manuscript profile

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226 - Classification of Architecture in Accordance with Man’s Degrees of Being Based on Teachings of Quran and Islamic Wisdom
رضا سامه

Architecture is a phenomenon related to mankind and should be materialized accordingly. Thus, studying human being as the base of cognition in this science is inevitable. That is why it is important to understand the degrees of architecture in relation to man’s degre More

Architecture is a phenomenon related to mankind and should be materialized accordingly. Thus, studying human being as the base of cognition in this science is inevitable. That is why it is important to understand the degrees of architecture in relation to man’s degrees of being. On the other hand, as definition of man and how he is perceived sometimes greatly vary, differences in understanding of architecture would also be natural. From this standpoint, this paper tries to shed light on the nature of mankind based on the teachings of the Holy Quran and Islamic wisdom as the epistemic system governing the research. It investigates the relationship resulting from this understanding in relation with architecture in different degrees. That, in turn, leads to classification of architecture in proportion to mankind’s ontological structure. This paper draws the structure of man’s being in three realms of nature, instinct and Fitrat and in three levels of body, soul and Nafs (self). Then, architecture’s levels are arranged in correlation with these realms and Manuscript profile

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227 - Islamic University & Its Perspective from A Quranic Standpoint
امیر فتاحی

Determining a perspective and drawing bright horizons for growth and elevation is the first and most basic step for achieving an ideal structural design in any organization and institution. For all the efforts made to lead universities to their proper status in our I More

Determining a perspective and drawing bright horizons for growth and elevation is the first and most basic step for achieving an ideal structural design in any organization and institution. For all the efforts made to lead universities to their proper status in our Islamic country and the issue of Islamization of this holy institution, enough attention has not yet been paid to drawing a perspective for this institution based on Islamic teachings. This paper tries to review the key topics in the concept of Islamic university’s perspective, prominent features of Islamic university, and the criteria of Islamic university’s perspective. It tries to draw the perspective and proper image of this institutions based on the analysis of Quranic verses. This research introduces Islamic university as an institution with three fundamental characteristics; scientific identity, Islamic direction and religious identity, and usefulness and service. The paper presents Islamic university’s proper perspective comprising the criteria of wisdom, competence, goodness and beauty, and clarifies its pattern and depicts its Islamic structure and framework. Manuscript profile

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228 - Recognition of Identity Criteria of Traditional Housing in View of the Quran and the Infallibles (AS)
hanie okhovat

Traditional houses were constructed based upon the religious beliefs of residents and the traditional architecture applied Quran and Sunnah in architecture and city planning. Therefore, the traditionally-built houses are always infused with a religious spirit. The p More

Traditional houses were constructed based upon the religious beliefs of residents and the traditional architecture applied Quran and Sunnah in architecture and city planning. Therefore, the traditionally-built houses are always infused with a religious spirit. The paper has been inspired by the following question: What is the relationship between Islamic identity and traditional housing? According to Quranic tenets and the Infallibles’ (AS) sayings on house and residence, the characteristics of Islamic identity and the relationship among them can be recognized through criteria of Islamic identity. The present paper is a field study founded upon a historical-descriptive-analytical research method and that its data has been collected via a library research method by studying hard and soft documents. The results of the research indicate that the religious identity of traditional housing can be categorized into three distinct criteria- structural, environmental, and semantic. The three criteria are inseparable and overlap one another. It means that the characteristics of religious identity first become known in structure. Then they are fortified in the environment and finally reach a lofty status through semantic relations. This paper also sheds light on issues pertinent to recreation of Islamic identity in contemporary housing taking traditional housing’s identity features into account. Manuscript profile

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229 - Supporting Privacy of Individuals in View of Verses of Quran and Hadiths
سجاد شهباز قهفرخی

Abstract The right to privacy is one of the most respected rights in all societies and Islamic teachings also emphasize it. Privacy is the state of being free from being observed, or one that the individual does not like to be revealed to others. People do not tolera More

Abstract The right to privacy is one of the most respected rights in all societies and Islamic teachings also emphasize it. Privacy is the state of being free from being observed, or one that the individual does not like to be revealed to others. People do not tolerate others entering their private space and react to it. The existence of teachings in Islam like the need for respecting others’ inherent dignity, the necessity of keeping a secret, respect for others’ self-esteem on the one hand and the emphasis in verses and Hadiths on the unlawfulness of inquisitiveness in other people’s private life indicate the important position of the right of privacy in Islam’s legal system. In this research, conducted in descriptive-analytical method, the concept of privacy is clarified and its status in verses of the Quran and Hadiths (narrations from the infallibles (AS)) is investigated. Manuscript profile

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230 - Social capital in Islam
علی افسری

Social capital that has been developed by Western scholars is one of the most important concepts in economics, management and social and political sciences. This study examines the the concept of social capital from the Islamic perspective. As a result The study of I More

Social capital that has been developed by Western scholars is one of the most important concepts in economics, management and social and political sciences. This study examines the the concept of social capital from the Islamic perspective. As a result The study of Islamic principles such as unity, brotherhood, justice, taavon, consultation, Mosabereh and Morabeteh, Takafol and Islamic moral virtues show that the implementation of Islamic principles has a large impact on different types and different levels of social capital. In addition, it seems that the implementation of these principles is the most effective way to bring social capital to its highest possible level. Cognitive aspects of Islamic social capital are formed by the unity and brotherhood principles and many moral virtues and the structural aspects are formed by the principles such as taavon, Mosabereh and Morabeteh, consultation, Takafol and social aspects of Islamic rulings. Islamic pattern of social participation can correct the defects of non-Islamic patterns and social participation based on Islamic pattern has a major impact on development of Islamic society. So Propagation of Islamic beliefs and culture and expanding social participation in various affairs are important methods for increasing social capital stock. Manuscript profile

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231 - Concept of place in quran
بهزاد وثیق

Objective (s): Place and its status in Islamic art architecture have always been discussed by Muslim Philosophers and thinkers. The perception of place identity has affected the structuring of places and the ideal Islamic architecture paving the way for the recognition, More

Objective (s): Place and its status in Islamic art architecture have always been discussed by Muslim Philosophers and thinkers. The perception of place identity has affected the structuring of places and the ideal Islamic architecture paving the way for the recognition, analysis and evaluation. Thus, this paper examines the concept of place and specifics like character, identity and sense of place. It also compares them with Islamic architecture so as to reach a general mental picture of Islamic place and home. It can be said that Islam recognizes identity for all places and evaluates places in accordance with the extent of Divine manifestations and qualities. In this way, places will have different levels of Islamic identity. Metod: The method used for this research was descriptive-analytical. Results: The concept of accommodation in Islam encompasses its two aspects, namely material and spiritual. The material aspect of accommodation also contains its spiritual concept and building accommodation for Muslims in its broad sense is a ritual issue. In this paper, the ideal Islamic accommodation in different spheres has been described and the required criteria have been pointed out. Manuscript profile

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232 - Soft Power” Theory in the Holy Quran; A Comparative Study of Islamic and Western Discourses
Asghar Eftekhari Ali Kamali Vahid Karbasi

This research tries, with emphasis on the verses of the Holy Quran, to redevelop an Islamic theory on “soft power”, because the soft power theory in western view, has many conflicts with Islamic rules. Thus, the soft power theory needs to be redeveloped and modified. By More

This research tries, with emphasis on the verses of the Holy Quran, to redevelop an Islamic theory on “soft power”, because the soft power theory in western view, has many conflicts with Islamic rules. Thus, the soft power theory needs to be redeveloped and modified. By using a descriptive-analytic method, an elaboration on “Soft Power” in the western discourse will be stated and then, we try, by using the verses of the Holy Quran, to explain this concept in the Islamic discourse and produce a new theory in regard to the Islamic rules.The results suggest that the “soft power” idea in the western discourse is monistic and in regard to material aspect. Therefore the western theory disentangles morality from power. In the view of Quran, however, the theory has four spheres which consider morality beside power. The spheres include power “sources”, “strength” and “origin”. Manuscript profile

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233 - The Need to Strengthen Medical Universities and the Concept of the Islamic University of Relying on Revayat
Mahdi Jafarzadeh Ali Shafiei

There is a radical approach to the university and medical knowledge that categorize universities to Islamic and non-Islamic. When the university will be Islamic that medical subjects are derived entirely from the Quran and Hadith and some religious fanatic behavior is c More

There is a radical approach to the university and medical knowledge that categorize universities to Islamic and non-Islamic. When the university will be Islamic that medical subjects are derived entirely from the Quran and Hadith and some religious fanatic behavior is clearly considered at the University of Medical Sciences. The aim of this study at the first step is critique of above standpoint and second step is investigation of the characteristics of Islamic university. With regard to results raised in this article can be said, Certainly there are all of thing that humans needed in the Quran, therefore, therefore, it do not have to enter the other sciences.On the other hand, although the Prophet Akram and the Imams know all sciences and knowledge that was derived from the Quran,Always emphasize Learning science and even in the treatment of disease have consulted with doctor.Hence, one cannot expect that the Muslim community without the benefit of empirical sciences, to meet the needs of its community limited only to Revelationsand revayat. Rather, it should move in the direction of training specialists so that it can meet their social needs. As we know, universities are most important and effective places in the production of science.So Medical University in the Muslim community must also adjunct and act in line Islam aims.In order to provide this goal, the Islamic University must have some features, which was discussed in this manuscript, some of the most important of this features are Creation of enthusiasm and motivation for knowledge acquisition, Trying to produce science as an important tool of soft power, pay attention to the importance of self-purification, also having a sense of responsibility towards the Islamic nation. Otherwise, the mere existence of the university in an Islamic country, is not Islamic University Manuscript profile

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234 - Obstacles to Social Education Approach in the Field of Behavior in View of the Quran
Zahra Hajkazemi Alireza kavand

One of the important issues in society is the valuable ideal of education, one of whose main pillars is social education. Behavior is defined as a series of activities by a living being that includes covert and overt actions and intellectual activities. In light of real More

One of the important issues in society is the valuable ideal of education, one of whose main pillars is social education. Behavior is defined as a series of activities by a living being that includes covert and overt actions and intellectual activities. In light of realization of social education, one can expect every society to be able to continue its worldly and spiritual life. In this paper, four major obstacles the removal of which is necessary for creation and development of social education in society have been investigated through a descriptive-analytical method. These obstacles, the need for whose removal has been emphasized in the teachings of the Quran and Hadiths of the Infallible (AS), are 1. Doing injustice to others, 2. Seeking only to serve one’s own interests, 3. Deceitfulness, and 4. Incorrect judgment. These obstacles and ways for getting rid of them based on the teachings of the Holy Quran and Hadiths of the Infallible (AS) have been discussed in this paper. Manuscript profile

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235 - A Study of Islam Culture’s Criteria for Ensuring Personal and Social Health in View of the Quran
Asghar Tahmasbi beldaji Leyla Ghanbari

The Islamic culture is a set of beliefs, values, and commandments on what should or shouldn’t be done that have their roots in the Quran and Etrat (narrations from the Infallibles). The general principles and criteria of the Islamic culture have been mostly presented in More

The Islamic culture is a set of beliefs, values, and commandments on what should or shouldn’t be done that have their roots in the Quran and Etrat (narrations from the Infallibles). The general principles and criteria of the Islamic culture have been mostly presented in the Quran and their details have been clarified by the Infallibles (AS). The Islamic culture, which revolves around the principle of being divine and is based on the Quran’s commandments and the teachings of the Infallibles (AS), determines the direction of all aspects of life, whose ultimate objective is personal and social elevation. In view of the Quran, the personal criteria of the Islamic culture in practical and behavioral approaches define the direction of personal and social life so that they not only provide spiritual health at the personal level, but also affect social health. The social criteria of the Islamic culture are the link between the individual and the society, and social peace is obtained through institutionalization of the criteria of the Quranic culture. This paper has sought to define the concept of Islamic culture and investigate its criteria through a descriptive-analytical method. It has concluded that the Islamic culture, revolving around the important basis of being divine, defines the direction of all aspects in personal and social life and, by presenting special approaches and factors, paves the ground for the salvation of the individual and society, whose outcome is personal and social health. Manuscript profile

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236 - Quran-based systematization (Fundamental Concepts, Strategies and Processes)
Saeid Bahmani

During these two decades after the revolution (1357) we have witnessed the application of four fundamental concepts in the scientific literary in Iran, such as: “Islamicization of the science”, “Quran-based Human Sciences”, “Quran-based systematization” and “Quran-based More

During these two decades after the revolution (1357) we have witnessed the application of four fundamental concepts in the scientific literary in Iran, such as: “Islamicization of the science”, “Quran-based Human Sciences”, “Quran-based systematization” and “Quran-based theorization”. Firstly application of “Quran-based systematization” in the document of charter of development of Quranic culture of the country has to some extent propagated the use of this concept. Secondly “Quran-based theorization” is also mentioned in the scientific community and some of the strategic documents, since systematization is dependent on the theorization. The spread of these concepts, shows the rise for scientific revolution in the human sciences. The significant issue on the mind of those who emphasize on functionalization of these concepts is the failure of philosophical and doctrinal sciences in removing the obstacles faced by Islamic communities in achieving divine objectives. Some of the sages, scholars and researches inside or outside the country, have claimed their ideas on these concepts or have written them down. Among the questions raised in this regard are: the exact meaning of these concepts, the strategies for achieving them, the process by which these suggested strategies are fulfilled. The abstract nature of these concepts has made them to be considered as scientific objectives of the Islamic Revolution. These concepts are counted as general and absolute particular and each enjoys primacy to the other. This paper focuses on the four concepts mentioned and also the strategies and processes applied for their fulfilment. It also shows that systematization and production of Quran-based human sciences and Islamicization of sciences, depend on Quran-based theorization. After almost four decades of examining and analyzing the fundamental concepts, we have reached the necessity of Quran-based theorization, while Sayyad Muhammad Baqir Sadr has long ago been one of the pioneers in this field, and has discussed theorization prior to everyone else. This means that we have not made use of his scientific findings and are still remained in the much earlier period. Manuscript profile

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237 - Examining existed approaches of Qur’anic systemization
Hamed Joukar Ahmad Jamali Gandomani

Qur’anic systemization as a main function of development system of Qur’anic culture after victory of Islamic Revolution and establishment of Velayat Vaqih system is reflected in idea and speech of religious scholars and take considerable part of their attempt. This ar More

Qur’anic systemization as a main function of development system of Qur’anic culture after victory of Islamic Revolution and establishment of Velayat Vaqih system is reflected in idea and speech of religious scholars and take considerable part of their attempt. This article with descriptive - analysis method and with aim of examining Qur’anic systematization’s concept, investigating existing approaches and by searching in meaning of this concept looked into existing and conceived approaches. Moreover, among them, it illustrates the most similar meaning of the concept with development system of Qur’anic culture. In this case, also, the paper has a view on shortcoming and inadequacies of the said approaches. According to contents of this article, Qur’anic systemization means reforming main affairs of human basing on Holy Qur’an principals, and could explain all knowledge’s on frame of this reformation. Therefore, Islamic Ahkam and jurisprudence science are executive requirement of these principals in Human society. In this approach, Qur’anic systemization is the result of reformation in human affairs, this means that Holy Qur’an presents general principals of human societies and other Islamic knowledge’s are illustrating the way of their accomplishment. In this case, jurisprudence also have its own responsibilities which, because of its importance, this article for more explanation pointed out to some samples of the role of jurisprudence knowledge in expending justice and also the principal of tolerance and laxity. Manuscript profile

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238 - The Model of Qur’anic – political systemization
Muhammad Hadi Mofateh

The subject of this research is about affairs that are strategic and important and it have undoubted role in realizing theory of Islamic governance in the world of thoughts. Moreover, possibility of this claim rooted in our expectation from religion and the expanding of More

The subject of this research is about affairs that are strategic and important and it have undoubted role in realizing theory of Islamic governance in the world of thoughts. Moreover, possibility of this claim rooted in our expectation from religion and the expanding of religion inference in civil religious human world. Thus, our recognition from Holy Qur’an and Ma’sumin trainings encourage us for proofing this claim, consequently, proving this needs scientific attempt of scholars who are dominated in religious sources and todays human science. This article designed a new political system with its different angles that is picked up from Holy Qur’an as a model for proofing this claim. Manuscript profile

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239 - Foundations Governing Holy Quran Structure in Relation to Quran-Based Humanities in Ayatollah Javadi Amoli’s View
Nouroddin Zandieh ramin azhdari seyed mohammad hadi mousavi boioki

Knowledge of the Quran is of great importance in that it is very influential in the field of producing Quran-based human science, because how we look at the Quran determines the extent and type of our expectation from the Holy Book. Knowledge of the Quran can be investi More

Knowledge of the Quran is of great importance in that it is very influential in the field of producing Quran-based human science, because how we look at the Quran determines the extent and type of our expectation from the Holy Book. Knowledge of the Quran can be investigated based on the Quran’s triple doer, internal and ultimate goal systems. The relation between “the Holy Quran” and “human science” based on the Quran’s internal system can be demonstrated as a set of foundations governing the “content” of the Quran and a set of foundations governing the “form”, including the “language” and “style” of the Quran. The content of the Quran fits its ultimate goal and for presenting this content has used a language that can achieve such a goal. Also, the structure and style has been designed in such a way that is capable of realizing such a thing. Hence, the relation between this language and structure vis-à-vis the language and structures of humanities should be determined. In this research, conducted by employing the descriptive-analytical method and based on the views of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, it will be explained that the Holy Quran not only has acted differently in its style of expression and on the whole refused to take the common methods in human books, but also has fundamental differences with human books in terms of structure and style of arranging and organizing. Issues related to context and how allegories are used… are among the examples of this special structure and style of the Holy Quran. Manuscript profile

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240 - A comparison of construction and location of mosques of the early Islamic period and mosques of the Qajar period based on Quran verses
هانیه اخوت

The mosque is a subject that the Quran has dealt with in a comprehensive manner. One of the aspects of mosque emphasis in the Quran that has received less attention is the issue of construction and location of mosques. This article has been written using the method of d More

The mosque is a subject that the Quran has dealt with in a comprehensive manner. One of the aspects of mosque emphasis in the Quran that has received less attention is the issue of construction and location of mosques. This article has been written using the method of descriptive-analytical research and by selecting a case study of the early mosques of the Islamic period and mosques of the Qajar period in Iran. This article has been prepared with the aim of comparative study of two different periods of mosque construction in Iran and also the evolution of their construction based on Quranic verses and Islamic traditions. To analyze the subject, 8 principles of mosque construction were extracted from Quranic verses and Islamic narration, and then the extent and manner of the effect of the extracted principles on the mosques of the Islamic period and Qajar mosques were measured and finally comparatively examined. Based on the results of the research, the Quranic principles of mosque construction were classified into 8 principles, all of which were observed in the samples of early Islamic mosques. If in the mosques of the Qajar period, 4 principles have been observed, which include stability and strength (even in this case, the use of lower quality materials and the use of rapid construction techniques, the strength of mosques compared to previous periods and to Especially in the early Islamic period. Manuscript profile

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241 - nvestigating the Relationship between Religious Beliefs and the Use of Social Networks on Commitment to Islamic Hijab (Case Study: Students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University)
Ali Ahmadpour ALI rezaei sharif

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between religious beliefs and dependence on the use of social networks with the degree of observance and commitment to the Islamic hijab of students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University. The statistical population of More

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between religious beliefs and dependence on the use of social networks with the degree of observance and commitment to the Islamic hijab of students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University. The statistical population of this study was undergraduate students in different fields of Mohaghegh Ardabili University of Ardabil in the academic year of 1398. For this purpose, 430 students (307 girls and 123 boys) in different disciplines were selected by stratified and random cluster sampling. Made replied; In this study, structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the data. Findings indicate that the direct effect of religious dimension, emotional dimension, consequential dimension, ritual dimension on students 'observance of Islamic hijab is significant, also the direct effect of dependence on the use of virtual social networks has an effect on students' observance of Islamic hijab. It is worth noting that the dimensions of student religiosity and dependence on the use of virtual social networks in data analysis overlap. In other words, the dimensions of religiosity and dependence on the use of virtual social networks, if together, can have a significant impact on students' observance of the Islamic hijab. Of course, the effect of religiosity dimensions on dependence on the use of virtual social networks is negative and inverse. Manuscript profile

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242 - Enmity and soft war from the perspective of Nahj al-Balaghah
Maryam Azizi

One of the points that Imam Ali (AS) emphasizes in relation to the enemy is that one should constantly maintain vigilance against the enemy and should never underestimate the enemy. Soft war is the most extensive effort against nations in the form of various political p More

One of the points that Imam Ali (AS) emphasizes in relation to the enemy is that one should constantly maintain vigilance against the enemy and should never underestimate the enemy. Soft war is the most extensive effort against nations in the form of various political plans. , Security, economic, etc. has entered the implementation phase. There are various definitions of soft warfare; Some have equated soft warfare with soft power or psychological operations. While there is a big difference between soft warfare and other categories. Soft warfare is neither soft power nor psychological operations, but a complex phenomenon that goes far beyond that. To deal with this phenomenon, comprehensive models and solutions must be presented; In this article, while presenting a conceptual model, various aspects of coping will be discussed. The method of the present research is library method. While presenting the topic of hostility, it has defined and stated the history of soft war based on the valuable book of Nahjul Balagha. The results of this research indicate that the enemy can mislead man through soft war; Among the solutions of Imam Hammam, we can mention reactionary or anti-propaganda measures and active or propaganda measures. Manuscript profile

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243 - Role of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Regional and International Institutions
Nasrin Mosaffa جواد امین‌منصور

With the emergence of transnational and multilateral arrangements as major means of international negotiations and cooperation, questions have arisen about membership and participation in such arrangements: how to interact with them, and how to assess the impact of tran More

With the emergence of transnational and multilateral arrangements as major means of international negotiations and cooperation, questions have arisen about membership and participation in such arrangements: how to interact with them, and how to assess the impact of transnational institutions on national interests of member states. The present paper reviews the theoretical frameworks related to this issue before analyzing the role of the Islamic Republic of Iran in regional and international institutions and discussing the necessity of establishing a desirable and effective relations with international organizations. In doing this, the experience and scope of the presence and activities of the Islamic Republic of Iran in these organizations have been divided into three periods: from the victory of the Islamic Revolution to the end of the Iraq’s war against Iran in 1988; from 1989 to 2004, and from 2004 up to the present time. The paper enumerates common features of these three periods as well as their differences to delineate an overall picture of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s foreign policy with relation to regional and international institutions. Manuscript profile

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244 - Opportunities and constraints of Islamic Republic of Iran’s NAM Chairmanship
محمود خاني جوي‌آباد مصطفی زهرانی

While enumerating the strengths and weaknesses of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), out of all the existing hypotheses about the role and functions of this mechanism, the present paper focuses on the possibility of optimizing the function and accelerating, if possible, th More

While enumerating the strengths and weaknesses of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), out of all the existing hypotheses about the role and functions of this mechanism, the present paper focuses on the possibility of optimizing the function and accelerating, if possible, the restructuring of NAM, especially by taking advantage of the chairmanship of the Islamic Republic of Iran over the next three years. It offers a number of contextual and applied proposals in order to explore and analyze this hypothesis. The paper concludes that following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the NAM has been increasingly marginalized. Prominent members of the movement, including India, Indonesia (both among founding members of the NAM), South Africa and even Saudi Arabia have been assimilated in the G-20 group. Other big powers like China, Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico (which are Member States of the G-20 and Observer Members of the NAM) are under tremendous pressure and have, willingly or unwillingly, become more and more inclined toward peaceful coexistence with the hegemonic powers. As a result, they have gradually distanced themselves from the original ideals of the movement and even worse, have not been able to maintain their commitment to the principles and goals of the NAM, especially as Member States of the NAM which are also Member States of the United Nations Security Council. Meanwhile, the Islamic Republic of Iran pursues a unique approach to realizing the principles and goals of the movement. The paper examines some proposals to evaluate the quality of Iran’s impact on the movement as chairman of the 16th Conference of the NAM and a member of its Troika. Manuscript profile

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245 - Position of International Organizations in Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran
hosien karimifard

The position of international organizations in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran has differed according to the identity system adopted by the Iranian officials in various periods of time and their viewpoints about the nature and functions of internation More

The position of international organizations in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran has differed according to the identity system adopted by the Iranian officials in various periods of time and their viewpoints about the nature and functions of international organizations and institutions. Since 1979 up to the present time, the experience has proven that when Iran has had positive interaction with international organizations, it has been in a better position to guarantee its security and national interests, and cooperation with international organizations in different fields has provided Iran's political, economic and cultural diplomacy with opportunities. On the other hand, a confrontational approach to international organizations has created various challenges and problems in various fields for the country and has damaged the international prestige of the Iranian government. This study reviews position of international organizations in the foreign policy of Iran from 1979 to 2003. Manuscript profile

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246 - Opposition Groups and the Competency of International Organizations; The Case Study of Arab League and Organization for Islamic Cooperation’s action vis-a-vis Opposition to Libyan and Syrian Governments
Amir Hossein ranjbarian شهزاد رییسی

With the upsurge of conflicts between governments and oppositions and these conflicts escalating and reaching the border of non-international armed conflicts, we are witnessing the reaction of other governments and international organizations to what is happening in the More

With the upsurge of conflicts between governments and oppositions and these conflicts escalating and reaching the border of non-international armed conflicts, we are witnessing the reaction of other governments and international organizations to what is happening in these situations. Reactions that sometimes have lead to dominance of one party over another and sometimes have only flared up the flames of conflicts. However, what is important in addition to (above all of) these kinds of stances and the results of such stances, is the competence of these international organizations for their performance, which until recently could be considered as interference in one of the most sensitive and important internal affairs of governments- who are the most important members of the international community. In this paper, by studying on the competence of international organizations and case studying of two important international organizations which are the Arab League and Organization of Islamic Cooperation, during recent years’ conflicts in Libya and Syria, we will try to resolve as much ambiguities as possible in this regard. Manuscript profile

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247 - The Status of OIC Member States in the Main Organs of the United Nations
ستار عزیزی

The study of the status of OIC member states in the main organs of the United Nations and their contribution in the budget of the UN is the main subject addressed by this article. The member states of OIC make up more than a quarter of UN members and they could potentia More

The study of the status of OIC member states in the main organs of the United Nations and their contribution in the budget of the UN is the main subject addressed by this article. The member states of OIC make up more than a quarter of UN members and they could potentially have an appropriate role and influence in this organization. The evaluation of the presence of Islamic countries during more than 70 years of United Nations activities show that their presence and role in some main organs such as the International Court of Justice, the UN Secretary General and the Security Council are not commensurate with the population and the size of these countries. On the other hand, however, 57 Islamic countries totally account for only about 6 percent of the budget of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation Organization 173 United Nations member states in 2016 provided 15 percent of the budget of this organization, this percentage is significant. The major weakness of Islamic countries is that they do not participate as a single whole in competition for positions or in other activities of the organization but they pursue their own particular interests within the OIC individual or group outside of the OIC to follow. Manuscript profile

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248 - Function of Bilateral&Multilateral Diplomacy in combating the spreadand management of Corona Virus: Case study of Iran’s Ministry of ForeignAffairs
Mahdi Farazi

In the present article, the role and performance of theMinistry of Foreign Affairs of Iran incombating the prevalence and managementof coronavirus has been investigated. After examining the relationship between foreign policyand health security as one of the components More

In the present article, the role and performance of theMinistry of Foreign Affairs of Iran incombating the prevalence and managementof coronavirus has been investigated. After examining the relationship between foreign policyand health security as one of the components of human security, the authorexamines the performance of the Iran’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs in twoperiods: the outbreak of coronavirus in China and the outbreak of corona virusin Iran by using inductive Methods&Accessible and non-confidential data. Studiesshow that Iran’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs has pursued fifteen measures fromthe time of the outbreak of the corona virus in China to its outbreak in Iranand eventually the pandemic, with a comprehensive human security approach thatplays a key role in the country's relative success in combating the prevalenceand management of coronavirus. In addition to analyzing of Iran’s Ministry ofForeign Affairs performance, the paper summarizes the country's weaknesses indealing with the outbreak of the coronavirus based on the government'smacro-approach and offers suggestions for future research. Manuscript profile

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249 - Function of Bilateral&Multilateral Diplomacy in combating the spreadand management of Corona Virus: Case study of Iran’s Ministry of ForeignAffairs
Mahdi Farazi

In the present article, the role and performance of theMinistry of Foreign Affairs of Iran incombating the prevalence and managementof coronavirus has been investigated. After examining the relationship between foreign policyand health security as one of the components More

In the present article, the role and performance of theMinistry of Foreign Affairs of Iran incombating the prevalence and managementof coronavirus has been investigated. After examining the relationship between foreign policyand health security as one of the components of human security, the authorexamines the performance of the Iran’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs in twoperiods: the outbreak of coronavirus in China and the outbreak of corona virusin Iran by using inductive Methods&Accessible and non-confidential data. Studiesshow that Iran’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs has pursued fifteen measures fromthe time of the outbreak of the corona virus in China to its outbreak in Iranand eventually the pandemic, with a comprehensive human security approach thatplays a key role in the country's relative success in combating the prevalenceand management of coronavirus. In addition to analyzing of Iran’s Ministry ofForeign Affairs performance, the paper summarizes the country's weaknesses indealing with the outbreak of the coronavirus based on the government'smacro-approach and offers suggestions for future research. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

250 - Opposition Groups and the Competency of International Organizations; The Case Study of Arab League and Organization for Islamic Cooperation’s action vis-a-vis Opposition to Libyan and Syrian Governments
Amir Hossein ranjbarian شهزاد رییسی

With the upsurge of conflicts between governments and oppositions and these conflicts escalating and reaching the border of non-international armed conflicts, we are witnessing the reaction of other governments and international organizations to what is happening in the More

With the upsurge of conflicts between governments and oppositions and these conflicts escalating and reaching the border of non-international armed conflicts, we are witnessing the reaction of other governments and international organizations to what is happening in these situations. Reactions that sometimes have lead to dominance of one party over another and sometimes have only flared up the flames of conflicts. However, what is important in addition to (above all of) these kinds of stances and the results of such stances, is the competence of these international organizations for their performance, which until recently could be considered as interference in one of the most sensitive and important internal affairs of governments- who are the most important members of the international community. In this paper, by studying on the competence of international organizations and case studying of two important international organizations which are the Arab League and Organization of Islamic Cooperation, during recent years’ conflicts in Libya and Syria, we will try to resolve as much ambiguities as possible in this regard. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

251 - Economic Diplomacy and Islamic Republic of Iran’s Accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO)
Sayed Mohammad Mousavi dehmourdi Vahid Bozorgi

The Islamic Republic of Iran’s Accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) is bound to have significant benefits for domestic economy and foreign trade. The decision to join in 1996 and ensuing efforts since then were hindered by internal challenges and internatio More

The Islamic Republic of Iran’s Accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) is bound to have significant benefits for domestic economy and foreign trade. The decision to join in 1996 and ensuing efforts since then were hindered by internal challenges and international oppositions, notably by the Untied States. Internally, some are against the accession because they believe it is detrimental to economic and trade interest of the country in, at least, short-term. Another obstacle is lack of skilled and experienced diplomats with expertise in economic affairs. Despite trainings and educations offered by responsible entities, Iran still lacks a seasoned diplomatic corps to engage in high-level international negotiations. This article investigates Islamic Republic of Iran’s endeavours in economic diplomacy to facilitate its accession to the WTO. Manuscript profile

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252 - The Impact of Iran's Permanent Membership in the Shanghai Organization on Its Geopolitical Weight in the Central Asia
Hamid Hakim Mahboubeh Iran nia

Capacities of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Considering the membership of two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council (Russia and China) in this organization, having more than a third of the world's population, considerable size, large capacitie More

Capacities of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Considering the membership of two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council (Russia and China) in this organization, having more than a third of the world's population, considerable size, large capacities and abundant capabilities, promises a potentially strong coalition. Due to the permanent membership of the Islamic Republic of Iran in this organization, it seems that examining the consequences of Iran's membership in this organization in the form of explaining the opportunities and challenges of membership, can Facilitate policy making in foreign policy of Iran about this issue. This study suggests that Iran's permanent membership in this organization can increase Iran's geopolitical weight in the region and bring political, economic and security benefits to Iran. Based on this, first, we study the theoretical explanation of formation and continuation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and then while analyzing the reasons for non-membership of the Islamic Republic of Iran to now; the consequences of permanent membership in the current situation in this organization are examined. Manuscript profile

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253 - Geopolitical, political, historical and cultural relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran with present-day Iraqi Kurdistan
Iman Anvari pour

Undoubtedly, the geopolitical, political, historical and cultural situation of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the current Iraqi Kurdistan in terms of economic, political, cultural and. . . Intertwined in the context of history; In such a way that the fusion between t More

Undoubtedly, the geopolitical, political, historical and cultural situation of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the current Iraqi Kurdistan in terms of economic, political, cultural and. . . Intertwined in the context of history; In such a way that the fusion between these domains can be seen in the new era. One of the regions that is highly influential and important in the new Iraq is the Kurdistan Autonomous Region, which in the light of geopolitical realities, has made it necessary to examine the opportunities and challenges facing the Islamic Republic of Iran. The present study states the geopolitical, political, historical and cultural relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran with present-day Iraqi Kurdistan. Opportunities and challenges for c. ا. Iran should lay the groundwork. The present research is a qualitative method with a descriptive and analytical approach. The results of the study confirm the fact that the geopolitical, political, historical and cultural relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran with modern-day Iraqi Kurdistan can be effective in threatening security and securing the interests of both parties. Manuscript profile

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254 - Spiritual Journey Based on Dialectical Wayfaring in Plato’s Philosophy and its Compatibility with Gnostic Journeys
Atiye Zandieh Leila Eftekhari

In Plato’s philosophy and Islamic gnostic tradition, the world and Man enjoy two corporeal and spiritual dimensions. Man’s spiritual dimension can have ascending and descending journeys in the worlds of being. In Islamic gnosis, going through the levels of being – the f More

In Plato’s philosophy and Islamic gnostic tradition, the world and Man enjoy two corporeal and spiritual dimensions. Man’s spiritual dimension can have ascending and descending journeys in the worlds of being. In Islamic gnosis, going through the levels of being – the five divine presences – has been explained by resorting to the four-fold journeys, which include moving from the creature to the truth, traversing the truth, moving from the truth to the creature and, finally, travelling with the truth in the creature. The spiritual journey in Plato’s philosophy can be explained by using the dialectical wayfaring, analogy of the divided line, and the allegory of the cave. Plato generally dealt with this spiritual journey and did not intend to classify its levels. However, his views can be formulated in a way to conform to these four journeys. In this way, spiritual journey in Plato’s philosophy will include the following four stages: moving from shadows to the world of Ideas, traveling through the Ideas, moving from the world of Ideas to the world of sensibles and, finally, traveling with the Ideas in shadows. Therefore, given the differences between these two schools of thought regarding their views of the highest levels of being and the perfect Man, the first, second, and fourth journeys can be more clearly matched with each other. The third journey can also be matched with one of them but not as clearly as the other three. Gnostics’ religious views, their emphasis on ascetic practice and purification of the soul, and the long time interval between these two systems of thought have resulted in a number of great differences between them. Manuscript profile

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255 - Measurement and analysis of quiet city indicators in Islamic Iranian cities (Case study: Chabahar city)
Shah Bakhsh Raisi Seyed Gholamreza Miri Safoura Abkhesht Sima Firoozi Rad Afsaneh Pourian

Islamic Iranian city is a concept to introduce cities influenced by Islamic culture, religious teachings and values. Therefore, the present study has been prepared with the aim of measuring and analyzing the characteristics of a quiet city in Iranian-Islamic cities (Cas More

Islamic Iranian city is a concept to introduce cities influenced by Islamic culture, religious teachings and values. Therefore, the present study has been prepared with the aim of measuring and analyzing the characteristics of a quiet city in Iranian-Islamic cities (Case study: Chabahar city). The research method is descriptive-analytical and in terms of purpose, it is one of the applied researches. The required information has been collected from library resources and field studies and a questionnaire. The statistical population is the citizens living in the city of Chabahar, which in 2016 had 106739 people living in the city. The sample selected using Cochran's method is 305 people. The characteristics of a quiet city consist of six main criteria (environmental protection, awareness and information, urban management, support for domestic production, city quality and hospitality). The results of T-test indicate that the status of environmental protection and hospitality indicators is higher than the normal or average level and is in an unsuitable condition for urban management and awareness and information indicators. The status of the local production support index is relatively unsatisfactory and the quality index of the city is relatively suitable. Also, based on the results of Kendall concordance test, it was determined that the hospitality index with an average rank of 4.39 has the highest average and the best rank, then environmental protection with an average rank of 3.92 and the quality of the city with an average rank of 3.07 ranks. The next ones were dedicated to themselves. In this regard, the awareness and information index with an average rank of 2.95 has the lowest rank among the research indicators in the field of quiet city in Chabahar. Finally, based on the results of factor analysis, the highest factor load was obtained for the city quality index with a rate of 0.897, environmental protection with a rate of 0.893 and support for local products with a rate of 0.873, respectively. Manuscript profile

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256 - Anthropological study from the perspective of the Qur'an and Western humanism
Shohreh Rahmani Firoozabad

The purpose of this study was to study anthropology from the perspective of the Qur'an and Western humanism. The present research method is descriptive-analytical and its contents have been collected by the library method. The humanist philosophy that I think of in the More

The purpose of this study was to study anthropology from the perspective of the Qur'an and Western humanism. The present research method is descriptive-analytical and its contents have been collected by the library method. The humanist philosophy that I think of in the sixteenth century with the Cartesian principle is that I came to a particular way of thinking and considered man as the only basis for cognition in his path: Rather, he denied the human soul, which was the axis of cognition. After Hume Kant, he tried to revive the "I" with his Copernican revolution, but the annoying Doraxim of "Nomen" and "Phenomenon" and the lack of access to the truths of things forced his descendants to establish unity between "Nomen" and "Phenomenon". While loyal to Kant's subjectivism, they proposed solutions. Anthropology is the science of man and the state of the soul in terms of general and specific matters, individual and social, theoretical and practical sciences. Accordingly, anthropology encompasses a very wide range of sciences and schools of thought. Therefore, the roots of anthropology should be sought in the humanities, arts, experimental sciences, and social sciences schools. With the advent of Islam and the teachings of revelation, the Qur'an, as the most important source, opened new horizons for human cognition. The Qur'an, by directing the sciences and knowledge involved in the education and guidance of man, believes that man, in addition to the body and the physical, also benefits from the soul and the clergy, and that the truth of man is the soul. In a way, the Qur'an emphasizes that man should know himself and recognize his place in the world, and the goal is for man to reach the high position he deserves. This article tries to compare anthropology from the perspective of the Qur'an and Western humanism and the challenges it faces. Manuscript profile

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257 - Exploring the interaction between man and the environment in Islam with emphasis on the teachings of the Ahsan system
morteza bayat

The interaction between humans and the environment is one of the topics that is emphasized by governments and people today. Examining this interaction by religions, especially Islam, is one of the issues that can be very important for the followers of this heavenly reli More

The interaction between humans and the environment is one of the topics that is emphasized by governments and people today. Examining this interaction by religions, especially Islam, is one of the issues that can be very important for the followers of this heavenly religion. The important point of Islam's approach is that this religion considers nature to have a perfect system as the noblest and best possible system that is under the rule of God and there is no defect or evil in it. The researchers in this article intend to find an answer to the question of what kind of interaction exists between humans and the environment from the Islamic point of view and should be done using the library method. The answer that has been given to this question is that according to the doctrine of Nizam Ahsan, which Islam emphasizes a lot, man does not have the right to destroy the natural course of the environment, and if he tries to change the environment at will, it will cause evil effects in It will be the whole system. Because in Ahsan's system, man is a part of the system and a part of its parts, and you have no right to consider what is good for him as good and what is not good for him as evil.. Manuscript profile

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258 - Geometric Morphology of Islamic Mosques Courtyards in Iran (Comparative Examples: 9 Mosques from Timurid, Safavid and Qajar Periods)
Nazanin Nastaranpour Mohsen Tabasi

Places of worship, especially mosques, are considered one of the richest platforms for the evolution and exaltation of the human spirit and possess great significance. The geometry of these buildings is considered one of their common and regular features, having specifi More

Places of worship, especially mosques, are considered one of the richest platforms for the evolution and exaltation of the human spirit and possess great significance. The geometry of these buildings is considered one of their common and regular features, having specific proportions and rules. Also, it has created an intangible heritage identity for the contemporary era. Knowing and interpreting these proportions can play an important role in repairing and reusing the historic building, using them in future architectures, and elevating the new architecture. This research aims to discover similarities and differences between cultural platforms from the Timurid to Safavid eras by reviewing the principles and proportions using geometric analysis. To identify the mathematical relationships of the architectural body of mosques' courtyards and understand their geometrical proportions, this research has used the combined method of historical interpretation based on valid evidence and logical reasoning of the mathematical type. Based on this, the sides and proportions of the courtyards and constituent parts of 9 Timurid, Safavid, and Qajar mosques have been subjected to numerical analysis based on Euclidean-longitudinal calculations and the scale of proportions in the courtyard plan of the mosques. Findings of this research indicate that the geometry of the courtyard and components of the discussed mosques have employed golden proportions, and Mahtabi halls attached to the mosque courtyards during the Safavid period have been developed in the same proportions through the Qajar period. Manuscript profile

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259 - A Critical Look at Judges' Civil Liability in Iranian Jurisprudence and Law
Shaghayegh Shaghayegh shamsi Abedin momeni

10.61186/ahrar.38611.2.4.68

According to Article 171 of the Constitution, if a judge causes damage to another as a result of a mistake or fault in a case or in a sentence or in the application of a sentence to a particular case, he is the guarantor in case of fault. Otherwise, the compensation i More

According to Article 171 of the Constitution, if a judge causes damage to another as a result of a mistake or fault in a case or in a sentence or in the application of a sentence to a particular case, he is the guarantor in case of fault. Otherwise, the compensation is done by the government. It seems that the principle of government responsibility for the judge's mistake in jurisprudential books was due to the necessity of ijtihad in judges, and jurists based on this condition the verdict issued by the judge was considered his fatwa and they believed that the judge rules by his ijtihad, so they put the responsibility for compensation on the treasury. But the important point is that he should not be granted judicial immunity, because everyone has a responsibility wherever he is, and he should be held accountable for that position and his mistakes, and the judge, like other members of society, is paid for the act of judging and this does not cause the government, which has no worker-employer relationship with the judge, accept compensation for the damages caused by act them. Therefore, the purpose of writing this article is to critique the judicial process in the civil liability of judges and to compensate the damages from the government. The research method in this study is analytical-descriptive and the method of collecting information is library and documentary. Manuscript profile

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260 - The Rights of Children with Disabilities in Iran: An Analysis of Determining Areas
Maryam Sha’ban

Background and Aim: The present study seeks to identify, interpret and analyze the rights of children with disabilities in Iran. In this regard, the decisive fields of jurisprudence and law have been identified and analyzed at the domestic and international level. Met More

Background and Aim: The present study seeks to identify, interpret and analyze the rights of children with disabilities in Iran. In this regard, the decisive fields of jurisprudence and law have been identified and analyzed at the domestic and international level. Method: The research approach is qualitative and the research method is exploratory and documentary analysis. After identifying the documents related to the subject and issue of the research, they have been studied, analyzed and reviewed. Results: The results of the research show that at the international level and the Islamic Covenant on the Rights of the Child and in the internal laws and regulations of the Iranian society, the society and the political power structure are responsible for formulating and implementing protective policies for disabled children and these policies are also aimed at reducing harm, rehabilitating and Treatment of the disabled. In fact, they are considered a "posteriori strategy" towards the disabled. But in the religion of Islam, centered on Shiism as the dominant religion in Iran, dealing with the child is about potentially being a child, not actually being a child; This means that the children of future generations are considered and "foreseeable" in the current generation. It is as if the scope of childhood includes history and generations and is a "transhistorical" and “trans-generational" issue. Islam has emphasized on the "future and posterity" and respecting the potential rights of the next generations and has a "preventive" approach. Conclusion: The dominant strategy of the teachings of Islam in relation to children with disabilities can be inferred as "a priori and a posteriori strategy". In addition to the governing authority, community activists are responsible for the realization of plans related to this strategy for disabled children. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

261 - Study and Critique of the relatioan between culture and education regarding agency in the education Documents of Iran
hamideh Farahbakhsh khosrow bagheri Narges Sajadieh

The present paper seeks to study and critique the relation of culture and education regarding agency in education documents of Iran. In order to reach this aim, the education documents are studied through qualitative content analysis and conceptual analysis methods espe More

The present paper seeks to study and critique the relation of culture and education regarding agency in education documents of Iran. In order to reach this aim, the education documents are studied through qualitative content analysis and conceptual analysis methods especially concept interpretation method and conceptual structure assessment method . This study revealed that there is an internal contradiction in this documents despite the main role they have in explaining this relation. In these documents, concepts like agency, asymmetrical interaction, dynamic of culture and developmental traditionalism have been emphasized which can be regarded as the strength points of documents, on the other hand it is stressed that all this concepts must be grounded on the Islamic criterion system, And this lead to the internal contradiction between these concepts in these documents. This paper studied the evidences of this contradiction and classified them as the governance of the Islamic criterion system, ambiguity of the meaning of the culture, contradiction of asymmetrical interaction with emphasizing on the Islamic criterion system, dominance of the traditionalism on agency and ambiguous conceptual boundaries between culture transmission and culture criticism. Manuscript profile

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262 - The challenges of the discourse of the Islamic revolution in the face of the generation of the eighties; A case study, the fields of economic entrepreneurship, intellectualism and political governance
Meisam Ghahreman hadi keshavarz

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The Challenges of the Discourse of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in Relation to the Generation of the 1980s: A Case Study of Economic Entrepreneurship, Intellectualism, and Political Governance       Meisam Ghahraman<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">* </a>   Hadi Keshavarz<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">**</a>   Religious governments such as the Islamic Republic of Iran require, on one hand, profound meanings derived from specific Islamic epistemological arguments for their effective reproduction, while on the other hand, they need legal subjects who are persuaded by these epistemic meanings. However, in today's acute reality, with the emergence of generations possessing fluid and virtual identities, deep epistemological meanings across various domains face serious challenges, gradually diminishing their role in human life. Accordingly, this article aims to investigate the changes occurring in three areas—economic entrepreneurship, intellectualism, and political governance—by focusing on the characteristics of the generation of the 1980s, which rarely occupy legal and epistemic positions due to their fluidity and virtuality. Following this analysis, we will address the transformations that the discourse of the Islamic Revolution must undergo in these emerging conditions. Overall, the findings indicate that the fading of deep epistemological meanings among the generation of the 1980s not only marginalizes the general epistemological discussions of intellectuals but also creates space for the emergence of specific intellectuals. In the economic domain, this shift results in the formation of a startup economy and the emergence of a new and high-risk type of entrepreneurship known as chain entrepreneurship. Consequently, in the realm of political governance, the need for low-cost and efficient governance over the subjects of the 1980s necessitates a departure from general and epistemological rules, transforming Islamic governance into Islamic governance management.       Keywords: eneration of the 1980s, Epistemological Approach (Transcendental Method), Non-Epistemological Approach (Inherently Methodological), Specific Intellectual, Islamic Republic of Iran.         <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">* Corresponding Author: Research Assistant Professor of Islamic Revolution Historical Studies Department (Islamic Revolution Documentation Center), Iran</a>. Meisam.ghahreman@gmail.com ** PhD in Political Sociology, University of Tehran, Iran. h_keshavarz@ut.ac.ir </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">** Ph.D in Political Sociology, University of Tehran, Iran. </a> <a href="mailto:h_keshavarz@ut.ac.ir">h_keshavarz@ut.ac.ir</a> </div> </div>   Manuscript profile

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263 - The right to maternity leave as a human right (a comparative approach with an emphasis on Islamic countries): The Wealth of Islam
Mohamad Setayeshpur malihe abedi moghadam

One of the important issues is respecting the rights of women and mothers. One of these rights is the right to maternity leave for working mothers, which has been assigned limited laws and regulations in the international human rights system. The following lines have de More

One of the important issues is respecting the rights of women and mothers. One of these rights is the right to maternity leave for working mothers, which has been assigned limited laws and regulations in the international human rights system. The following lines have decided to study the right to maternity leave for mothers with a comparative study. The results of the research show that although the international community, governments and human rights institutions always emphasize women's rights and call them effective regardless of any discrimination for women, this type of right, whether as a child's right And as mother's right, as it should be, it does not have binding power in the international human rights system. This is despite the fact that the religion of Islam has addressed various dimensions of the mother's right, and in the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in accordance with Islam, the right to maternity leave has been addressed for mothers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

264 - A review and critique of Oliver Leaman's views on the conflict between the revelation and philosophy
Alireza Asaadi

Oliver Leaman (1950-) Orientalist, Quran researcher and Western commentator on Islamic philosophy, has studied the relationship between the Quran and philosophy in some of his works. Although he has a more moderate view of the impact of Quranic teachings on Islamic phil More

Oliver Leaman (1950-) Orientalist, Quran researcher and Western commentator on Islamic philosophy, has studied the relationship between the Quran and philosophy in some of his works. Although he has a more moderate view of the impact of Quranic teachings on Islamic philosophy than many orientalists, and has accepted the role of the teachings of the Holy Quran in the formation of Islamic philosophy, But on the issue of the conflict between the Qur'an and philosophy and the solution of Islamic philosophers for it, he has made some thought-provoking statements. This article examines and critiques his view in this field with a critical descriptive method and while explaining his view and the truth of the conflict, shows that first of all, the conflict occurs only between philosophical rational understanding and human Quranic understanding and the perception of the conflict between the Qur'an and philosophy among orientalists stems from the analogy between Islam and the Qur'an with Christianity and the Bible. Second, contrary to what Oliver Leaman says, the solution of Islamic philosophers, including Ibn Rushd, does not require the subjugation of the Qur'an and revelation.Third, if opponents of philosophy in the Islamic world or orientalists have accused Muslim philosophers of such beliefs as denying the divine knowledge of the details of time or bodily resurrection and following Aristotle in the matter of the soul, it is because of a misunderstanding of their words. Manuscript profile

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265 - Presenting a model for managing organizational trust in order to improve productivity and social accountability (Study case: Foundation of the Weakened of the Islamic Revolution)
Mohammad Reza Haji anzehaei Mehdi Irannejad Parizi Reza Najafbagy

Presenting a model for managing organizational trust in order to improve productivity and social accountability (Study case: Foundation of the Weakened of the Islamic Revolution)

Presenting a model for managing organizational trust in order to improve productivity and social accountability (Study case: Foundation of the Weakened of the Islamic Revolution) Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

266 - Role of custom and ethics in the financial rights of couples and its effect on crime prevention
Leila Radpasand Farhad Parvin

After the correct marriage and marital relations between the parties, various rights and duties are established, including financial rights between the spouses. Couples' financial rights are one of the most important parts of civil law, which is intertwined with customa More

After the correct marriage and marital relations between the parties, various rights and duties are established, including financial rights between the spouses. Couples' financial rights are one of the most important parts of civil law, which is intertwined with customary and moral issues and is an important factor in crime prevention. Therefore, ignoring the role of custom and ethics in the rights of couples causes fundamental challenges in society. The purpose of writing this article is to explain the position of custom and ethics in some financial rights of couples, such as dowry, dowry and alimony from the perspective of Iranian law, Islamic religions and official religions in a descriptive analytical method; Explaining the limits of custom and introducing it, we will finally realize that although custom and ethics in the Iranian legal system, mainly in cases of text silence, have a complementary and interpretive role; But it has a role to play, and in many cases it is used practically in jurisprudence and law. Also, the role of custom in the Sunnah of Tabdan is Hadd, that what is considered acceptable in the custom is also considered acceptable in the sight of God. The role of custom in the rights of minorities (Jewish, Zoroastrian and Christian) is also undeniable according to their own religious customs and traditions, and is a source of rights. Adherence to ethical rules in the realm of the family plays a very decisive role in ensuring the rights of men and women all over the world; Because in many cases, the rights and obligations that couples assume towards each other have no legal obligation and are done solely on the basis of moral considerations. Manuscript profile

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267 - Explaining the function of Transfer of Development Right (TDR) method in order to realize Islamic social justice
Reza Khaleghi Zohre Davoudpour reza nasr esfahani

Urban development with a social justice approach is one of the issues that has been neglected in many urban development plans. The transfer of the development right is considered one of the new ways of monitoring land development. The transfer of the development right i More

Urban development with a social justice approach is one of the issues that has been neglected in many urban development plans. The transfer of the development right is considered one of the new ways of monitoring land development. The transfer of the development right is important in terms of its position in reducing inequality and ensuring the individual rights of the owners. The development right transfer approach is actually a plan to reduce physical development in areas that the community or planners want to protect. This research aims to examine and implement the approach of the right to transfer development and explain some of the principles of important rules in the perspective of Islam, and its relevance and influence in urban development, and offers suggestions for the realization of social justice using this approach. The current research is an applied research that uses the descriptive-comparative research method to analyze and examine the data. To describe and analyze the data, the comparative literature review method has been used. Based on this, while gathering the topics of Islamic social justice and the method of transferring the right to development, the relationship between the aforementioned method and the realization of social justice is analyzed through the Delphi technique by receiving 5 rounds of opinions from 30 experts. As a result of this research, the principles of social justice include eight principles; Equality in public rights, the lack of objectivity of the position and position of people in the administration of justice, inequality in individual-social acquired rights, compliance with the requirements of time in receiving tariffs, equal access to public services, non-privatization of property and public interests, the benefit of all in public affairs, The lack of immunity of rulers and officials from justice was explained. And also compared to the basics of the right to transfer development method, it was found that the principles of equality in public law, the lack of objectivity of the position and position of individuals in the implementation of justice are completely consistent with the method of the right to transfer development. The principles of inequality in individual-social acquired rights, compliance with the requirements of time in receiving tariffs, equal access to public services, non-privatization of property and public interests, benefit of all in public affairs, lack of immunity of rulers and officials from justice are largely consistent. Or you can use the method of transfer of development right in order to achieve the intended goals of that principle. Manuscript profile

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268 - Oliver Leaman’s View of the Conflict Between Revelation and Philosophy
Alireza Asaadi

The problem of the relationship between revelation and philosophy or the conflict between reason and faith is one of the most famous and challenging discussions in the history of Islamic philosophy. In fact, it has occupied the minds of prominent Islamic thinkers, both More

The problem of the relationship between revelation and philosophy or the conflict between reason and faith is one of the most famous and challenging discussions in the history of Islamic philosophy. In fact, it has occupied the minds of prominent Islamic thinkers, both Shi‘ite and Sunnite, since the advent of Islam and, following this, has been discussed by Orientalists in the field of Islamic studies as well. Oliver Leaman, the Orientalist, Qur’ān researcher, and Western interpreter of Islamic philosophy, has dealt with the problem of the relationship between the Qur’ān and philosophy. While adopting a more moderate standpoint in comparison to many other Orientalists, and while acknowledging the consistency of revelation with philosophy, he believes that Qur’anic theorems and teachings have influenced the development of Islamic philosophy. Moreover, he has propounded a number of noteworthy points in his analysis of the theory of conflict of reason with revelation and evaluation of Islamic philosophers in this regard. Following a descriptive-critical method, this paper clarifies and criticizes Leaman’s view of this theory and demonstrates that, firstly, the conflict exists only between the human intellectual philosophical and Qur’anic perception of this problem, and the hypothesis of the conflict between revelation and philosophy among many Orient ologists stems from comparing Islam and the Holy Qur’ān with Christianity and the Holy Book. Secondly, the author states that, in contrast to Leaman’s claim, the solution provided by Islamic philosophers, including Ibn Rushd, does not necessitate undermining the significance of the Qur’ān and revelation and accusing Muslim philosophers of denying God’s knowledge of particulars and corporeal resurrection and following Aristotle regarding his theory of the soul, which originates in a misunderstanding of Islamic philosophers’ views of this conflict by opponents of philosophy in the Islamic world or Orientalists. Manuscript profile

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269 - The values of the Muslim human and their expression in the architecture of the Iranian Islamic house (case study: historical houses in city of Yazd)
mahshid radaei minoo gharehbaglou mohammad ali key nejhad Farhad Ahmadnejad hamed beyti

Human has values that can play a role in the formation of Iranian Islamic house architecture. Ignoring the hidden values in the experiences of our past is becoming more visible every day. The question that was raised was: How are human values manifested in the architect More

Human has values that can play a role in the formation of Iranian Islamic house architecture. Ignoring the hidden values in the experiences of our past is becoming more visible every day. The question that was raised was: How are human values manifested in the architecture of Iranian Islamic houses? The purpose of the research was to identify the human values governing Iranian-Islamic houses, to explain the relationship between human values with the Iranian-Islamic lifestyle, and its manifestation in the architecture of the historical houses of Yazd City as the case studies. This research was qualitative and practical in terms of purpose, and it was conducted by combining logical reasoning methods, descriptive-analytical and historical studies, and based on library documents and sources. We analyzed human values based on Islamic culture in house architecture in 5 axes: human relationship with God - human relationship with self - human relationship with society and others - human relationship with nature - human relationship with history. After extracting Islamic teachings, 6 examples of historical houses in Yazd City were selected and analyzed in terms of Islamic teachings in the field of human values. The results of the study showed that human values in the form of respect for the elderly, guest rights, good neighborliness, avoidance of extravagance, hierarchy, etc., were manifested in the historical houses of Yazd city. Iranian-Islamic buildings are a dynamic collection that must be constantly evolving and adapt to the needs of the residents, Iranian-Islamic concepts, principles, and human values. Therefore, by extracting human values from the pure architecture of the past, updating and restoring it, and updating and spreading it, the architecture of contemporary houses can be shaped in sync with human values. Manuscript profile

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270 - Analysis of Ethical Principles of Disciplinary and Educational Responses to Juvenile Delinquency from the Perspective of Islamic Criminal Law
roh allah ebrahimi mohamad ali haji deh abadi ALIREZA HOSSINI

Ethical principles Disciplinary and educational responses to juvenile delinquency reflect the facts and rules that have a moral character and are used as a response to the crimes and violations of children and adolescents in order to maintain and promote their moral cha More

Ethical principles Disciplinary and educational responses to juvenile delinquency reflect the facts and rules that have a moral character and are used as a response to the crimes and violations of children and adolescents in order to maintain and promote their moral characteristics and legitimacy. The answers are in the light of observing these principles. The present article has examined the nature of these principles by descriptive-analytical method and based on reference to authoritative Islamic sources. The findings of the study indicate that in Islamic law, the ethical foundations of disciplinary and educational responses to juvenile delinquency are diverse in addition to persuasion. Engaging in the development of the child, correcting and rehabilitating, promoting and exalting the moral virtues of love-loving and justice-oriented are among the principles that are used to change the way of thinking and beliefs of children and adolescents and to reconstruct or create moral feelings and virtues. ¬ Restraint on moral behaviors based on religious and Islamic teachings are used and from this perspective help to restore public order and security. Manuscript profile

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271 - Ruling Divorce: Quranic Principles and Reasons
Seyyed MohammadKazem Hoseini Faezeh Moghtadaee

Women's Rights and the Issue of Women's Rights in Divorce in the commentaries on verses 228 to 241 of Surah Al-Baqarah, there are common concepts and interpretations between Shiite and Sunni jurists. The two well-known concepts of abstinence in the interpretations of th More

Women's Rights and the Issue of Women's Rights in Divorce in the commentaries on verses 228 to 241 of Surah Al-Baqarah, there are common concepts and interpretations between Shiite and Sunni jurists. The two well-known concepts of abstinence in the interpretations of the differences refer to the divorce of the Shari'a and the right of a woman to divorce in times of hardship. The famous word is used 38 times in the Holy Quran, 15 of which are related to family and marriage. In verses 228 to 241 of Surah Al-Baqarah, the famous word is repeated 12 times and emphasizes the importance of rulings such as' iddah, divorce, breastfeeding, etc., so that it does not exceed the shari'ah limits and is treated according to the famous (confirmation of sharia and custom). The legal provisions of the Civil Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran are also taken from the verses related to divorce and include the well-known principles in women's rights and divorce and allow the rulers to issue a divorce decree if the conditions for this type of divorce are approved. Manuscript profile

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272 - Combining Architecture and Art Inspired by Nature Case Study: Islamic Era Architecture of Kurdistan Province
Amineh Rashidi Gholamreza Tousian Shandiz

Despite the numerous efforts in recent decades to improve the architectural design process, however, not any rich solution are developed for applying art in architecture inspired by nature. Therefore, it is necessary to respond to how to extract design solutions in the More

Despite the numerous efforts in recent decades to improve the architectural design process, however, not any rich solution are developed for applying art in architecture inspired by nature. Therefore, it is necessary to respond to how to extract design solutions in the face of nature and inspiration from nature and to get clues to stimulate the imagination of designers by analyzing, comparing, and reviewing the existing examples and works of great contemporary architects. This paper aims to extract and categorize the influential components of art inspired by nature with an emphasis on Islamic architecture. Additionally, the foundations and principles that may be understood in a general and striking way in the spaces of Islamic architecture inspired by nature are explained in the form of different topics to achieve a better understanding of the architecture. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to provide the mental associations of artists in the design process, based on modeling from nature to improve the thinking of Islamic architecture. However, the paper employ an applied descriptive-analytical methodology. The data was collected by the library method, and the analysis was conducted by the field studies. In this research, components, and solutions for better exercise of art and nature are proposed to stimulate imagination and use by designers. Furthermore, the results show that nature, holds a significant effect on Islamic architecture and is effective in various strategies leading to architectural creativity. Nature's art is ever-present and unclassifiable as influential means for inspiration, which is significant in the landmark buildings and examples presented. Moreover Islamic architecture, rather than seeking a specific form, serves the Muslim to achieve perfection with the aid of nature and pursues the ultimate purpose of human creation, which is indeed the worship of God. Therefore, the formalistic and apparent perceptions of nature alone shall not be enough, and the presence of the spirit of nature in architecture lead to its improvement and manifestation. However, the climatic, cultural, social, and political issues of each region may strongly influence architecture and its functions, therefore, the particular Islamic culture also creates its forms and functions; this is the point that makes Islamic architecture distinguish from other buildings. Manuscript profile

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273 - Explaining the moral atmosphere of academic activists with emphasis on Giddens' theory of construction
Ehsan Rahmani khalili

The moral atmosphere of the university in institutions and organizations originates from two important sources, which include the agents of organizations and organizational construction. Giddens believes that structures are created both by the hands of human actors and More

The moral atmosphere of the university in institutions and organizations originates from two important sources, which include the agents of organizations and organizational construction. Giddens believes that structures are created both by the hands of human actors and are the means by which such action takes place. Structures are created by humans. But they also limit and make human action possible. In this article, with the theoretical approach of Giddens, the explanation of the attitude of students in creating an academic moral environment was discussed, and to what extent the evaluation of the structure of the university and academic agents in explaining the attitude of students to create Moral atmosphere is effective. The present research is of explanatory type and in terms of method, it is considered as a survey research. The statistical population of the present study includes students of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch in 2019. The data collection tool in this research is a researcher-made questionnaire which after examining its validity and reliability by combining cluster sampling and disproportionate classification and determining the sample size using Cochran's formula, was administered to 381 B.S, M.A and M.S students are implemented. Findings indicate that the variable of evaluation of the university structure directly affects the creation of ethical atmosphere and evaluation of academic actors indirectly affects the creation of academic ethical atmosphere among students through the evaluation of the structure of the university Manuscript profile

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274 - Investigating and analyzing the role of anthropology in the foundation of modern Islamic culture and civilization
Rohollah Pour Asiab Dezej Seyyed Hossein Vaezi mohammad reza shamshiri

Islamic culture and civilization has an incomparable richness due to its connection with the revelation, Quranic and narrative world which can guide all people at any time and place and under any conditions until the Day of Judgment and guarantee their happiness in this More

Islamic culture and civilization has an incomparable richness due to its connection with the revelation, Quranic and narrative world which can guide all people at any time and place and under any conditions until the Day of Judgment and guarantee their happiness in this world and the hereafter. On the other hand, the unique role of Islamic philosophy as the intellectual and epistemological support of Islamic culture and civilization is extremely important. Now, it should be noted that in the future, what is the role of the anthropology of Islamic philosophy in designing the theoretical foundations of the new Islamic culture and civilization and the Mahdavi society, which is repeatedly emphasized by the Imam of the ummah and the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution? With its anthropological approach, Islamic philosophy enters the theoretical foundations of modern Islamic culture and civilization and the Mahdavi society and explains it fully and accurately and based on this, he plans the shape of a good human life. In other words, solving this problem will solve all practical problems of modern Islamic culture and civilization, because behavioral and practical issues have a direct and close relationship with theoretical issues and are affected by them. This research aims to investigate and analyze the anthropology of Islamic philosophy in the modern Islamic culture and civilization and the Mahdavi society and with a descriptive-analytical method, it seeks to show the important and vital role of the anthropology of Islamic philosophy as a theoretical topic of the modern Islamic culture and civilization and the Mahdavi society. The findings of the research include the implementation of detailed and deep theoretical topics of anthropology of Islamic philosophy in modern Islamic culture and civilization. Manuscript profile

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275 - Feasibility of forced labor of prisoners in Islamic law
Alireza Abbasi Baitullah Devsalar Parviz Zakaian

Feasibility of forced labor for prisoners has long been one of the topics of interest of Islamic scholars and jurists And it is considered a corrective-compensatory strategy Therefore, the purpose of this research Feasibility of forced labor of prisoners is in Islamic l More

Feasibility of forced labor for prisoners has long been one of the topics of interest of Islamic scholars and jurists And it is considered a corrective-compensatory strategy Therefore, the purpose of this research Feasibility of forced labor of prisoners is in Islamic law. The study of the documents and opinions of Sharia scholars and existing hadiths and numerous verses in connection with the work showed which is forced to work as a prisoner in the religion of Islam And in the framework of Islamic law and jurisprudence, it is correct and approved And the employment of prisoners has existed in most societies since the distant past which in some societies is unfair and against humanitarian principles And in some others, it has been in agreement with human rights standards to some extent. In general, it can be said Convention documents (1930) And also the information obtained from Islamic sources showed that the work or employment of the prisoner in prisons (forced to work according to the instructions of the labor law) will have a win-win result for the parties. Therefore, duty prevails which provided working conditions for the prisoner And if he refuses to work The Ruler of Sharia should force him to work in a way by using legal solutions and following the standards of Sharia; It can be forced to work in providing family livelihood And on the other hand, the entitlement of the lost property and damages to the society is also useful. Manuscript profile

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276 - Critical Discourse Analysis of the Peace in Afghanistan Education Based on The Constitution of the Islamic Republic Period
alishah fayegh Ramazan Barkhordari Alireza mahmmudnia

In the current study, the problem of peace in the education of Afghanistan, based on the official documents of Islamic Republic period has been analyzed. But because the use of language has different complexities and is related to external areas, this study has used the More

In the current study, the problem of peace in the education of Afghanistan, based on the official documents of Islamic Republic period has been analyzed. But because the use of language has different complexities and is related to external areas, this study has used the method of critical discourse analysis according to Fairclough's approach along with considerations of Laclau and Mouffe. The main source of this analysis is the document of The Constitution of Afghanistan in the period of the Islamic Republic. At the same time, other authoritative documents and texts have been used to develop and deepen the analysis. The result obtained from this analysis shows that the official documents do not have a single discourse; rather, they contain various discourses without having a specific central signifier, in the form of a discourse order. The most important discourses identified in these documents consist of "Islamism", "democracy", "racism", and "nationalism", which are formed around the main signifiers of "Islam", "people", "race" and "nation". This multiplicity of discourses causes the construction of the identity of peace in the documents to be composed of various signifiers and multiple and incoherent constructs, that cannot be actualized because of the antagonism involved among these signifiers and constructs, consequently, it does not fulfill peace education. Manuscript profile

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277 - The Multiple Formations of Religious Education`s Curricula Against Social Forces in Islamic Schools During the Second Pahlavi Period
irandokht fayyaz zahra minaei narges sajadeh mohammadreza javadi yehaneh

This article illustrates how the curricula of religious education were formed vis-a-vis social forces in the Islamic schools during the second Pahlavi reign. Utilizing historical discourse analysis and examining four schools as case studies, we argue that these encoun More

This article illustrates how the curricula of religious education were formed vis-a-vis social forces in the Islamic schools during the second Pahlavi reign. Utilizing historical discourse analysis and examining four schools as case studies, we argue that these encounters led to four kinds of knowledge formation: "the generalization of religious knowledge" in the schools of the Islamic Education Society, "rational verification of religious knowledge" in Alavi School, "scholarly comparison of religious knowledge" in Kamal School, and "the systematization of religious knowledge" in the Refah school. The first formation faced the foundations of other rival religious discourses by emphasizing the Qur'an, the confrontation of jurisprudence against popular religion and superstitions, and confronting civil laws to eliminate corruption and achieve progress. The second formation was shaped along with a philosophical approach in encountering with the principles of Marxism and of Baha'iism, and providing a wise religion for immunity from corruptive lifestyles and using Islamic ethics against human social laws. The third formation was shaped by looking for compromise between science and religion versus religious superstitions and the materialists, a chosen jurisprudence versus the formal jurisprudence, and the confrontation with the modern state through a militant religion. The final formation was formed by using theology against other competing discourses, designing efficient social systems versus the modern government, and self-making for providing a good environment as opposed to isolated individual life forms. According to the results of each formation, there can be four inspirations as follows: turning from the internal religious language to the general and extra-religious language, turning from the affirmative language in Muslim philosophy to the speculative language in general philosophy, turning from the necessary relationship between science and religion to a possible relationship, and turning from the absolute inclusion of morality in religion to mutual partial relationship between them. Manuscript profile

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278 - Mīr Dāmād’s Philosophy in India from the Mid-11th Century to the end of the 12th Century (AH): With an Emphasis on Textual Traditions
Hossein Najafi Davood Hosseini

From the middle of the fifth century to the fourteenth century (AH), the works and views of Iranian philosophers have had a noteworthy presence in the scientific centers of the Indian sub-continent. Mīr Dāmād’s philosophical thoughts created the turning point in this hi More

From the middle of the fifth century to the fourteenth century (AH), the works and views of Iranian philosophers have had a noteworthy presence in the scientific centers of the Indian sub-continent. Mīr Dāmād’s philosophical thoughts created the turning point in this historical presence. After their transfer to India, his works and views were disseminated all over the sub-continent through textual traditions. The spread of his writings and thoughts, in addition to the turmoil it created in academic centers, divided Indian philosophical figures into two groups of opponents and proponents of Mīr Dāmād and led to some extensive discussions among them based on the book al-Ufuq al-mubīn, including the notions of simple creation of quiddity, origination through perpetual duration, types of simple questions, the liar paradox, etc. In this paper, while providing a brief account of textual traditions in India, the authors will demonstrate that seminary philosophy in this land was in close interaction with Mīr Dāmād’s philosophical thoughts from the mid-11th century to the end of the 12th century (AH). In doing so, some of the prominent philosophers of India during these two centuries are introduced; their station in textual traditions is clarified; their relationship with Mīr Dāmād’s thoughts regarding various philosophical subjects are explained and, finally, the geographical spread of Mīr Dāmād’s thoughts across the subcontinent are analyzed. Next, they will show that the spread of this presence in the subcontinent is much larger than it has been imagined in the contemporary period. Here, by India, the subcontinent, and South Asia, the authors mean the historical borders of this land before 1947 AD, which entailed the present geographical area of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and some regions in Afghanistan. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

279 - The Role of Women in the Slogan "woman, life, freedom" in Islam and the West
sakineh ganjkhanloo Tooba Shakeri golpaygani

The religion of Islam has always attached special importance to women, and in particular, there are many orders from Imams (peace be upon them) regarding women in religious texts and traditions. One of the important social matters today is the position and role of wo More

The religion of Islam has always attached special importance to women, and in particular, there are many orders from Imams (peace be upon them) regarding women in religious texts and traditions. One of the important social matters today is the position and role of women in the family and society. In Islamic traditions, however, girls and women are mentioned as divine virtues, even though in Islam, God rewards good deeds, and consecrations are questioned by God. By looking through Islamic foundations, one may understand what a high position women had and still have in Islamic thought; however, it is the opposite in the West and the "Woman, Life, Freedom" slogan. Accordingly, the greater the commitment to Islam and Islamic life, the higher the continuity of life. On the contrary, the lower the commitment to Islam, the lower the mental peace and comfort of the person in the living environment and society. Moreover, the collapse of the Western system is based on unlimited freedom. This paper applies a diverse methodology to refer to written documents, computer systems, scientific software, and a descriptive and analytical data processing method. Furthermore, by referring to religious sources, the paper aims to study the role of women in the Woman, Life, Freedom" slogan "in Islam and the West. The results are that referring to the Qur'an examines the traditions, position, and role of women in the family and the "Woman, Life, Freedom" slogan in Islam, bringing tranquility contrary to the West. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

280 - developments of proof of the truthful (Burhān-i ṣiddīqīn) in Ashʿarite philosophical theology
Hamid Ataei Nazari

Proof of the truthful (Burhān-i ṣiddīqīn) is among the most famous and valid arguments to prove God’s Existence in Islamic philosophy and kalam. However, the history and developments of the proof in Islamic theology have not been the subject of research so far. Likewise More

Proof of the truthful (Burhān-i ṣiddīqīn) is among the most famous and valid arguments to prove God’s Existence in Islamic philosophy and kalam. However, the history and developments of the proof in Islamic theology have not been the subject of research so far. Likewise, the evolution of the proof in Ashʿarite philosophical theology has not been yet explained. In the present article, having discussed and compared different versions of proof of the truthful set forth by late Ashʿarite theologians, it has been shown that proof of the truthful received much attention in Ashʿarite philosophical theology from the twelfth century onwards and was even considered the most important argument to prove God’s Existence. Moreover, certain Ashʿarite theologians, including Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī and ʿAḍud al-Dīn al-Ījī, succeeded to put forward innovative versions of proof of the truthful which made the proof more common and stronger. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

281 - The Critical View on Skepticism about the Prophet of Islam and its criticism
Abdol Vahid Vafaie Fereshteh Darabi

The Prophet of Islam (PBUH)’s infallibility matter has a deep stem in Quran verses. From the First Days of Prophet’s prophecy opponents and antagonists were tried to offend his holy character. Because of that, they provided some doubts and uncertainty from Quran vers More

The Prophet of Islam (PBUH)’s infallibility matter has a deep stem in Quran verses. From the First Days of Prophet’s prophecy opponents and antagonists were tried to offend his holy character. Because of that, they provided some doubts and uncertainty from Quran verses to downgrade the position of him and find the religious reason for their wrong thoughts. Besides that, the misunderstanding of some Quran verses causes controversy among Muslim’s wisemen. Therefore, the present research has done by library method in order to find the Prophets infallibility doubts and uncertainty from different sources. We used content analysis to categorize those founded doubts and certainty to set for general and private examples .the general examples include past sins, future sins, ask for forgiveness and the private examples include, Receiving and communicating revelations such as the legend of Gharaniq, and the field of action of revelations is divided into the execution of rulings, family issues, moral issues, and issues of political rulings. According to the verses, narratives and viewpoints of commentators and philosopher have criticized these doubts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

282 - The Systematic Method of Khwājah Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī in Confronting Critics of Islamic Philosophy
Hesamal-din Momeni Shahraki

Khwājah Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī can be considered one of the most prominent advocates of Islamic philosophy during the period of eclipse of thought and philosophizing. He prevented the extinction of the light of this original school of thought drawing on his scientific and ph More

Khwājah Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī can be considered one of the most prominent advocates of Islamic philosophy during the period of eclipse of thought and philosophizing. He prevented the extinction of the light of this original school of thought drawing on his scientific and philosophical support and efforts. In order to defend Islamic philosophy against its critics, he used a systematic method that resulted in a fundamental transformation in the development of Islamic philosophy and kalām. While employing some descriptive, analytic, and ascriptive arguments and certain logical and deductive analytic methods, the present study aims to explain Ṭūsī’s scientific-defensive method in facing the critics of Islamic philosophy. The findings of this study indicate that the features of his systematic method include explaining the lack of conflict of interest between philosophy and religion, entering dialogs with other thinkers, explaining Ibn Sīnā’s philosophy, criticizing the views of opponents of philosophy, synthesizing Peripatetic and Illuminationst philosophies, revealing the functions of philosophy through presenting philosophical explanations, following a rational and unbiased approach in commenting and criticism, and observing the rules of ethics in criticism. Finally, the author concludes that Ṭūsī’s philosophical intellect and rational approach provide the basis and main axis for his scientific-defensive system. Manuscript profile

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283 - Sovereignty of The Elites, Meritocracy and Modern Islamic Civilization
mwhdi ansari

Paying attention to the category of elite governance and placing competent and capable people in policy-making and decision-making positions is one of the important and strategic issues in the development and progress of any political and intellectual system. Every poli More

Paying attention to the category of elite governance and placing competent and capable people in policy-making and decision-making positions is one of the important and strategic issues in the development and progress of any political and intellectual system. Every political system that aims for progress and excellence must try to identify and employ the most competent and capable people in the arena of political power and entrust the advancement of affairs to them. If the elites and government officials have competence and intelligence in their decision-making, we can undoubtedly hope that they will achieve both the outlined perspectives and material and spiritual progress and the establishment of prosperity and justice, which are among the most basic human ideals. He prepared the necessary grounds and platforms to achieve the new Islamic civilization. In this article, we want to show with the method of thematic analysis, how by making educated and competent people who have the necessary "competence" to assume social responsibilities, the path of the country's progress can be paved and basic steps can be taken in modern Islamic civilization with meritocracy. Our hypothesis is that until meritocracy is institutionalized, it is not possible to reach civilization and take steps in this way. We believe that without meritocracy, the Iranian and Islamic society will never see the face of modern civilization and civilization Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

284 - Decision-making Frameworks of Female Political Elites in Parliament Commission (A case study of women parliamentarians)
Zahra Heidari Zeynab Heydari Nahid Heidari

Women's political participation in the macro arenas of political and management decisions is one of the basic components of sustainable development. This paper aims to answer the question, "What are the decision-making frameworks of female political elites in parliam More

Women's political participation in the macro arenas of political and management decisions is one of the basic components of sustainable development. This paper aims to answer the question, "What are the decision-making frameworks of female political elites in parliamentary commissions?" In this research, the statistical sample includes 20 female representatives of the Islamic Council in ten terms. Moreover, the research method is based on qualitative and quantitative content analysis techniques, semi-structured interview techniques in the data collection process, and interview text. For data analysis, Excel and Visio were applied in the framework of various charts and models. The findings concerning multiple categories, such as decision-making framework, showed that the highest frequency of commission decision-making is based on interest and expertise. In the category of commission preference framework, the highest frequency is the cultural commission due to the cultural background, knowledge, and interest of the female political elite. Furthermore, the number of supporters and opponents of forming the women's commission is almost the same. Although relatively the number of those who support the formation of the women's commission is more, most of those who support it are from the fundamentalist faction. Concerning the causal framework of agreeing to the formation of the women's commission, the most frequent insufficiency of the faction and the discussion of the necessity of the formation and effective functioning of the women's faction have passed. The highest frequency concerning the causal framework of opposition to this commission is the lack of necessity and the sufficiency of the faction and the commission to investigate women's issues. Generally, the researcher develops a total of 3 main categories, six first sub-categories and 60 second sub-categories. Some 221 semantic expressions are identified, portrayed, and analyzed in the form of a diagram. Manuscript profile

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285 - A Reflection on the Two Dimensions of Human Rights and the Rights of Pilgrim Tourists in the Mina Tragedy with an Emphasis on the Role of Relevant Organizations
Sommaye Eshkevaryan

10.61186/ahrar.45963.4.8.1

The violation of human rights, both as a customary rule and as rights enshrined in human rights documents, was evident in the Mina tragedy. More than ever, the intervention of the United Nations as an organization that safeguards peace and human rights was needed, using More

The violation of human rights, both as a customary rule and as rights enshrined in human rights documents, was evident in the Mina tragedy. More than ever, the intervention of the United Nations as an organization that safeguards peace and human rights was needed, using the capacities of the Security Council and the Human Rights Council to assist the victims' families. Additionally, peaceful resolution of this tragedy required the intervention of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, which, according to its goals, should have entered into negotiations and provided a platform for cooperation between two governments. But since then, these pilgrims are known as religious tourism, and tourism has been a natural human right, Any government that recognizes this right and allows entry into its territory, In return, he will be obliged to respect the rights of tourists While these rights have been violated by the Saudi government as the host government And this will be a proof of the responsibility of the Saudi government and it was deserved that the World Tourism Organization paid attention to these violated rights. Finally, it should be said that the right of these victims is largely due to the role of the Iranian diplomatic delegation in the upcoming negotiations, To follow up on this tragedy by insisting on the formation of a fact-finding committee and other political methods and predicting measures to prevent such tragedies from happening. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

286 - The basics of justice in theoretical and practical wisdom based on Islamic sources
Amir Hosain Imani Moghaddam Mahdi Imani Moghaddam abbas khademian

The purpose of the present research was to prove justice in the creative will and, accordingly, in the legislative will of God. This basic and theoretical research was done by analyzing data from the Holy Quran and Shia hadith sources. By analyzing the data, it was conc More

The purpose of the present research was to prove justice in the creative will and, accordingly, in the legislative will of God. This basic and theoretical research was done by analyzing data from the Holy Quran and Shia hadith sources. By analyzing the data, it was concluded that whether by rational method or by following the narration, the foundation of theoretical wisdom is based on the understanding of divine justice in development and based on the acceptance of this principle that values and prescriptions return to beings and non-beings. Therefore, the foundation of practical wisdom is based on theoretical wisdom. Therefore, the understanding of how divine justice flows in legislation is based on the understanding of moderation, both in the world of names and the levels of human worlds. On this basis and due to the correspondence of the perfect human being with the universe, a human being who is obliged to guide and lead others should be under the control of reason in perfect moderation of the powers of imagination and illusion and even senses, and no matter how successful he is in this matter. It can extend moderation to families, clans, and civilizations. As a result, the condition of any social reform act will be to accept the necessity of creating a reasonable moderation in youth and youth forces, as the creator of creation has manifested this moderation in his creation verses. Manuscript profile

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287 - Takfir hypocrites
abbasali rostami

The issue of takfir is more theological than jurisprudential and its origin is also a belief. . In the beginning of Surah Al-Baqarah, God has divided people into three groups: believers, infidels, and hypocrites, and for the complexity of the character of hypocrites, he More

The issue of takfir is more theological than jurisprudential and its origin is also a belief. . In the beginning of Surah Al-Baqarah, God has divided people into three groups: believers, infidels, and hypocrites, and for the complexity of the character of hypocrites, he has paid attention to their characteristics. (Fazha) is an acquittal because the beginning of it is God's hatred of polytheists, repentance is because in this surah there is a lot of talk about repentance, and it is called (Fazha) because different verses of it express scandal. And the shame of the hypocrites and the veiling of their beliefs and actions. In this research, it is investigated whether a hypocrite is an infidel and outside of Islam? Or does blasphemy have a general meaning? (Hiding the truth) Some believe that external Islam is enough for a person to be a Muslim, and inner faith is not necessary. From this point of view, a hypocrite is a Muslim and can inherit and marry a non-Muslim. Others believe that the mental concentration of Islam is his inner faith and beliefs, and external Islam is not enough. As a result, a hypocrite is a disbeliever, the rulings and effects of disbelief apply to him, and the right to citizenship in the Islamic society is taken away from him, and he has eternal punishment in the hereafter. However, in the field of behavior and actions such as hypocrisy, it is different from the term kufr and it does not mean leaving Islam. Manuscript profile

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288 - The Role of "Social Monotheism" in the Philosophy of Islamic Sciences Based on Qur’anic Verses: The Case of Theology and Mysticism
mohamad arabsailehei Farideh Pishvaie

"Social monotheism" which is a novel approach to understanding the most fundamental doctrine of Islam, i.e. "monotheism", and supports the theoretical foundations of the realization of a monotheistic society, has various functions that need to be addressed due to their More

"Social monotheism" which is a novel approach to understanding the most fundamental doctrine of Islam, i.e. "monotheism", and supports the theoretical foundations of the realization of a monotheistic society, has various functions that need to be addressed due to their significance and the lack of research in this regard. Among the theoretical functions of social monotheism is its impact on Islamic sciences and their philosophy, which this article seeks to explicate, taking an analytical view, using library data, and focusing on a social comprehension of monotheistic verses. The findings of this article which is based on an analytical approach and the library method, prove the hypothesis that the dominance of the social monotheism discourse over the academic atmosphere of seminaries and universities, by influencing the topics, goals, and objectives of Islamic sciences such as theology and mysticism, may pave the way for transformation in these sciences and this article touches on its evidence and some instances. The result is that with the social reading of monotheism, Islamic sciences can be revised with a new monotheistic approach and in accordance with the needs of contemporary Islamic societies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

289 - The degrees of adornment of the sky between the Holy Qur'an and the science of astrology
Salih Nabi Hamdamin Aziz Javanpour Heravi Hossein Nowrozi Teymourlouie

The Prophet of Islam (PBUH)’s infallibility matter has a deep stem in Quran verses. From the First Days of Prophet’s prophecy opponents and antagonists were tried to offend his holy character. Because of that, they provided some doubts and uncertainty from Quran vers More

The Prophet of Islam (PBUH)’s infallibility matter has a deep stem in Quran verses. From the First Days of Prophet’s prophecy opponents and antagonists were tried to offend his holy character. Because of that, they provided some doubts and uncertainty from Quran verses to downgrade the position of him and find the religious reason for their wrong thoughts. Besides that, the misunderstanding of some Quran verses causes controversy among Muslim’s wisemen. Therefore, the present research has done by library method in order to find the Prophets infallibility doubts and uncertainty from different sources. We used content analysis to categorize those founded doubts and certainty to set for general and private examples .the general examples include past sins, future sins, ask for forgiveness and the private examples include, Receiving and communicating revelations such as the legend of Gharaniq, and the field of action of revelations is divided into the execution of rulings, family issues, moral issues, and issues of political rulings. According to the verses, narratives and viewpoints of commentators and philosopher have criticized these doubts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

290 - A Comparative Study on Human Agency in Bandura’s Cognitive-Social Theory and the Islamic Approach of “Human as agent”
mahdi naserzaeim Reza mohammadi khosrow Bagheri Jalil Fathabadi OMID shokri

The purpose of this article is to compare the concept of agency in Bandura's cognitive-social theory and the Islamic approach of "human as agent". According to Bandura, agency refers to a voluntary effect on one's performance and environmental events, which has the main More

The purpose of this article is to compare the concept of agency in Bandura's cognitive-social theory and the Islamic approach of "human as agent". According to Bandura, agency refers to a voluntary effect on one's performance and environmental events, which has the main aspects of intentionality, foresight, self-reaction, and self-reflection. On the other hand, in the Islamic perspective, human action or agency is based on three fundamental bases: cognition, tendency, and volition. In terms of methodology, the current study is a comparative study that deals with similarities and differences of two viewpoints with a glance on their roots. In the educational section, Frankena’s practical syllogism is used as the method. The basics and aspects of agency in both perspectives have a lot in common, in such a way that foresight and self-reflection in the first perspective can be compared with the cognition in the second approach; as self-reactivity and intentionality in the first approach can be compared with the emotional and volitional bases in the second approach. Despite this, the two views have differences in issues such as the concept of action and performance, the nature of interactive, cognitive, emotional and volitional aspects, the nature of interaction, responsibility and ethics, which will have relevant consequences for education. While, for instance, the first approach emphasizes the importance of structure, the second approach gives more weight to individual agency, and as a result of this difference, the role and influence of the individual within social structures will be different. Given the importance of human agency which is at issue in the two approaches, their commonalities are emphasized in the educational inferences. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

291 - Explanation of Waldorf's Spiritual Approach to Children's Education and its Critique with Emphasis on Islamic Teachings M
Masomeh kiyani

The main purpose of this research is explanation of Waldorf's spiritual approach to children's education and its critique with emphasis on Islamic teachings. For this purpose, the descriptive-analytical method is used to identify and describe the components of Waldorf's More

The main purpose of this research is explanation of Waldorf's spiritual approach to children's education and its critique with emphasis on Islamic teachings. For this purpose, the descriptive-analytical method is used to identify and describe the components of Waldorf's spiritual perspective on children's education. Then, using the regressive analysis in Frankena’s method, the philosophical foundations of Waldorf's spiritual approach to children’s education are investigated. In the second part, Waldorf's spiritual approach to children's education is criticized by using the method of critical philosophical enquiry emphasizing the Islamic point of view. The results of this research indicate that Waldorf's spiritual approach pays attention to features such as: the development of children's whole beings, strengthening their artistic potentialities, developing their spiritual perception, emphasizing meaning-making and finding meaning, and freedom as the goal of education. These features are based on philosophical foundations such as: The existence of a spiritual world beyond the material world, the existence of various spiritual beings, the unity of the universe in a spiritual sense, looking at the child as a spiritual being, the repeated reincarnation of humans, emphasizing the senses, intellect, inspiration and intuition as sources of knowledge, the interaction between objectivity and subjectivity in the pursuit of knowledge, and the matching of human "I" with "Christ" as the ultimate goal of human life. In criticizing Waldorf's spiritual approach based on the Islamic point of view, it became clear that Waldorf's views on the nature of the transcendental and the belief in reincarnation are not acceptable in the Islamic view. At the same time, some educational implications of the mentioned approach, such as looking at the child as a spiritual being and honoring him, paying attention to the development of the child's whole being and especially his spiritual dimension, emphasizing artistic education and education based on the stages of child development, have commonalities with the Islamic perspective. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

292 - Islamic world and Iranian customs and celebrations
Hossein salehi Masomeh Gharadaghi ahad ebadi Hossein Raissadat

The arrival of Islam in Iran marked the beginning of a new era for Iranians and the Islamic world. This period had many ups and downs. The religious influence of Islam was widespread and the influence of Iranian culture and civilization was undeniable. The current resea More

The arrival of Islam in Iran marked the beginning of a new era for Iranians and the Islamic world. This period had many ups and downs. The religious influence of Islam was widespread and the influence of Iranian culture and civilization was undeniable. The current research seeks to answer this question: to what extent have Iranian customs and celebrations continued to exist and to what extent has the Islamic world accepted and governed with it? Did all aspects of Iranian life change with the fall of the Sassanids? The main hypothesis of the research is the survival of various aspects of Iranian customs and traditions after Islam, which became comprehensive during the period of the first Abbasid caliphate and expanded in other areas of civilization. Historical evidence shows us that many of these customs remained in force at least in the first three centuries, and even Muslim rulers accompanied them. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

293 - Presenting a Model of the Position of Women in the Governance of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Mohsen Afrugh Saeed Baghestani

The Islamic Revolution disrupted the bipolar world system and introduced a new idea of a new sovereignty that considers sovereignty to be God's. This system bases its principles and frameworks on Islamic ideology, upon which ideals, goals, programs, and policies are More

The Islamic Revolution disrupted the bipolar world system and introduced a new idea of a new sovereignty that considers sovereignty to be God's. This system bases its principles and frameworks on Islamic ideology, upon which ideals, goals, programs, and policies are designed and implemented. Good governance is one of the supreme goals of the Islamic system. To achieve high governance and global civilization, Islamic society needs to provide a plan for all its actors and participants. Therefore, since more than half of the population is made up of "women", the Islamic government is required to set an example for them in its governance. This study uses a descriptive-analytical method to explain Islamic sovereignty and raised requirements. The result of this study is the Islamic governance pattern in the field of women, with an explanation of related indicators. The research findings should be followed in a systematic and interconnected manner across three systems: epistemology-philosophical, value-motivating, and structural. In fact, to achieve the model of women's governance, the three systems must operate in a specific geometry, resulting in the example of the "third model of women." Manuscript profile

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294 - Exploration and evaluation of the philosophical foundations of Reggio Emilia's educational theory: a view from the perspective of the Islamic approach of action
narges sajadeh Zahra Saberi

The current research has been carried out with the aim of evaluating the feasibility of benefiting from one of the popular pre-primary educational approaches in the world, by exploration the philosophical foundations of Reggio Emilia educational theory and evaluating it More

The current research has been carried out with the aim of evaluating the feasibility of benefiting from one of the popular pre-primary educational approaches in the world, by exploration the philosophical foundations of Reggio Emilia educational theory and evaluating it based on the Islamic theory of action. In this regard, applying the method of conceptual analysis, linguistic analysis, and regressive logical analysis, we have deduced the basic components of the philosophical foundations of this theory and criticized them based on the Islamic theory of action. One of the results of this research is the inference of twelve philosophical components as the anthropological, epistemological, and axiological foundations of this theory, including the uniqueness and decency of children and the value of their intellectual and practical independence. In addition, the theory of Reggio Emilia has adopted a social constructivist approach to knowledge and has focused on the value of justice and democracy as its governing spirit. The results of evaluation suggest that while the Reggio Emilia educational theory has unique attributes and valuable educational advancements, it is necessary to have a careful scrutiny about it and resolve its challenging aspects before its implementation. Criticisms of this kind entail: taking a reductive approach and oversighting the spiritual essence of the child; an overly simplistic and idealistic portrayal of the child; a lack of clarity regarding realism versus constructivism, alongside potential risks of radical relativism in epistemology; as well as deficiencies in accommodating absolute and conditional values alongside the variable values in the axiological realm. To address these concerns, a reconstructive approach could entail: acknowledging an overlap relation between the spiritual and the physical dimensions, taking a balanced view on the child, positioning realism as a focal point while constructivism orbiting around it, emphasizing both absolute and conditional values, and maintaining a balanced emphasis on rationality and equity in democracy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

295 - Explaining the components of increasing the economic power of the Islamic Republic of Iran with emphasis on the role of science and technology
مهدی رعایائی

The role of knowledge in achieving economic growth cannot be denied, and the country's dependence on the knowledge of foreigners is one of the main obstacles in the field of realizing a strong economy. Because economic empowerment in every era and in every country is de More

The role of knowledge in achieving economic growth cannot be denied, and the country's dependence on the knowledge of foreigners is one of the main obstacles in the field of realizing a strong economy. Because economic empowerment in every era and in every country is dependent on the scientific and technological power of that society. Therefore, to the extent that the country can access new technologies, it will be able to increase its position of economic power and, consequently, its military and political power. Of course, technology should be used in a practical way to strengthen the economic power of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This research seeks to explain the mechanism governing the economy and technology in a way that provides the basis for increasing economic power. Therefore, based on this approach, the main features and components of creating and increasing economic power are expressed with emphasis on the role of science and technology. The results of the research, which were obtained by descriptive analytical method and using library resources, document analysis and research and development, indicate that elements such as mosaic economic system, workshop production line, adopting the approach of increasing the intensity of knowledge, injecting knowledge in all dimensions Production, distribution and consumption, endogeneity of science and technology production and creation of knowledge-based ecosystem are among the most important of these factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

296 - Social tolerance to deal with civil insurgency
mostafa ghayoomzadeh ahmad morad khani Alireza Asgari

Protests, on the opposite side of obedience, means disobeying orders and protesting laws. These concepts have similarities and differences, and they have certain rules so that a person can move towards his perfection, and these crimes prevent this movement. Therefore, t More

Protests, on the opposite side of obedience, means disobeying orders and protesting laws. These concepts have similarities and differences, and they have certain rules so that a person can move towards his perfection, and these crimes prevent this movement. Therefore, this research has studied the conceptual and ruling distinction between muharibeh and civil protests, focusing and emphasizing on Imam Khomeini's (RA) perspective. The results of this research show that there is a relationship between war and civil, public and private issues; That is, sometimes civil protest is also done in Moharebeh, and some of them are combined with Moharebeh. Civil protest does not necessarily involve resorting to weapons, which may not be on the roads and streets and not detrimental to public security, although in cases of crimes detrimental to security, the punishment will be accompanied by the severity of the action, but leaving is an example of the punishment of war. If the crime of moharebah occurs inside the cities, they will be subject to the severe sentence of moharebah. The relationship between muharibeh and baghi, which can be one of the aspects of civil protests, is public and private, because the two concepts, in addition to having common examples, also have their own examples and... the sacred law for preserving human and social values in the first stage He is interested in publishing moral teachings, enjoining good and forbidding evil in the second stage, and enforcing limits and punishments in the next stage. This research is a descriptive library-type research with an applied purpose, in order to respond to the needs of the society, which can be used in various educational and research centers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

297 - Investigating the Dimensions and Consequences of Women's Duty Orientation in the Leadership Thought of the Founder of the Islamic Revolution
Malihe Hajihasan Mahdi Naderi

The synthesis of human "rights" and "duties" constitutes one of the most fundamental issues of human intellectual traditions, each striving to provide a coherent response through the establishment of a knowledgeable system. Within the intellectual framework of Imam K More

The synthesis of human "rights" and "duties" constitutes one of the most fundamental issues of human intellectual traditions, each striving to provide a coherent response through the establishment of a knowledgeable system. Within the intellectual framework of Imam Khomeini (RA) as the leader of the revolution, the concept of duty orientation forms the basis of pragmatism action, where societal happiness and prosperity hinge upon fulfilling one's duties. Specifically addressing the issue of women's duty orientation, he highlighted its various dimensions and implications. Given the pivotal role and identity of women in the ideology of the Islamic Revolution's founder, their duty orientation radiates prominently within their intellectual endeavors, portraying them as catalysts for the revival of thought and ideology. In Imam's task-oriented perspective removing women, who are creators of humanity, from human societies and nations, would lead to societal decline and failure. Therefore, understanding the dimensions and consequences of women's duty orientation in leadership thought is crucial for achieving societal happiness within the Islamic Revolution. This article aims to elucidate these dimensions and consequences in the framework of Imam Khomeini's leadership thought using a hermeneutic text-centered approach. The research seeks to answer the question: "What are the dimensions and consequences of women's duty orientation in the leadership thought of the founder of the Islamic Revolution?" The findings of the research indicate that women's commitment is anchored in the Imam's sevenfold thought: "Duty as the origin of action", "Duty is a universal matter", "The scope of duty and human capability", "The internal and rational aspects of duty", " The legitimacy of Islamic duty "Achieving absolute victory through fulfilling duty," and "The obligatory nature of duty". Therefore, the dimensions of women's responsibilities in the leadership thought of the revolution encompass religious, familial, economic, political, and scientific domains. Furthermore, the consequences of women's responsibilities in individual empowerment and societal cohesion, are grounded in the sacred teachings of Muhammad. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

298 - Application of moral values in kindergarten architecture based on Islamic teachings
abdulrazzagh abdolhamidahmad reza nik khah siamak jafarzadeh

Ethics is the knowledge of how to live. Moral values are one of the most important factors in the formation process of Islamic architecture. Architecture is an arena for the emergence of individual and social life and the expression of moral values. Paying attention More

Ethics is the knowledge of how to live. Moral values are one of the most important factors in the formation process of Islamic architecture. Architecture is an arena for the emergence of individual and social life and the expression of moral values. Paying attention to the existential moral values of man and society is one of the basic needs of the formation of the environment and human life. Considering the effects of the environment as one of the effective factors on the moral education of the child, we need a detailed understanding of the characteristics that affect the moral education of the child so that we can design an environment that helps the moral development of the child and actually education Follow the child's morals. Here, the question is raised, what strategies and solutions have Islamic teachings provided regarding a suitable environment for the moral education of children? And what are the characteristics of a suitable kindergarten for the moral education of a child based on Islamic teachings? Accordingly, the aim of this research is to provide principles and a model for kindergarten design based on moral teachings. In this research, it has been tried by referring to Islamic teachings and with the method of logical reasoning and their interpretation and analysis, the environmental components and architecture of a suitable place for the moral education of children have been deduced and presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

299 - The world of light in the poetry of Rumi and Suhrawardi
mohammad thaghi khammar behrouz romiani mostafa salari

The innovations and innovations of Rumi, the famous Iranian poet and mystic, have made him especially prominent among Iranian poets. The symbolism of cities, in his works, is one of his most beautiful works. In a general division, the symbolic cities mentioned in Rum More

The innovations and innovations of Rumi, the famous Iranian poet and mystic, have made him especially prominent among Iranian poets. The symbolism of cities, in his works, is one of his most beautiful works. In a general division, the symbolic cities mentioned in Rumi's works can be classified into two categories: "City of Light" and "City of Darkness". In Suhrawardi's works, the same procedure can be seen in the form of Suhrawardi's allegories and specific symbols. This research, which is based on the theory of comparative literature, shows that two prominent Iranian thinkers, while benefiting from Iranian and Islamic sources, have created different contexts from the perspective of symbolism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

300 - accepted mazdian rituals in islam (with the emphasis on shia)
Roghayyeh Mohammadzadeh Abdolhossein Latifi Musa Reza Bakhshi Ostad

With the spread of Islam and then the acceptance of the Shia religion in Iran, some of the previous behaviors and customs that did not match the cultural structure and Islamic principles of the Shia religion were gradually discarded; But a number of them, such as rit More

With the spread of Islam and then the acceptance of the Shia religion in Iran, some of the previous behaviors and customs that did not match the cultural structure and Islamic principles of the Shia religion were gradually discarded; But a number of them, such as rituals related to marriage, mourning, pilgrimage, childbirth, etc., which are not opposed to the social concepts and Islamic culture, have gradually been mixed with the elements of Islamic culture with changes in form and meaning. found religious; This article, which is written in a descriptive-analytical way, aims to examine some of the most important rituals and ideas of ancient Iran, which gained a religious character after the introduction and institutionalization of Islam in Iran, and continue to exist until the present time. have continued to analyze in order to gain more knowledge about Iran's cultural background from this passer-by. Manuscript profile

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