City

Open Access Article

1 - Compiling factors, criteria and indicators for university incubator quality evaluation
elham ruhbakhsh hassanreza zeinabadi

There is a opinion that universities are driving economic development through technology transfer. Establishment and expansion of business Incubator, Countless discussions about their performance and their usefulness as a means of encouraging the creation of new b More

There is a opinion that universities are driving economic development through technology transfer. Establishment and expansion of business Incubator, Countless discussions about their performance and their usefulness as a means of encouraging the creation of new businesses and jobs, the development of local and regional economies, the production of personal and social wealth among the proponents And the opposition has launched [1]. Considering the growth, significance and impact of university incubators economic development through the establishment of the relationship between university and industry, the main goal of the present study is to develop factors, criteria and indicators used in evaluating the quality of the university incubators. This research was conducted using survey method and interview tools. Thus, with 15 experts and connoisseurs in the field of university incubators and assessment were interviewed. Also, the articles and researches that were done in developing the evaluation indexes of the centers of growth were used to complete this research. The interview data were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding methodology. The research findings are categorized into 9 factors. Each factor consists of a number of criteria, of which a total of 32 criteria were created, and each of these criteria included a number of markers, with a total of 237 markers extracted. This study was tried due to internal and external research done In the field of evaluation and Compiling of evaluation criteria, Composition is compiled Which is more comprehensive. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Using the WASPAS Method to Rank Industrial Engineering Colleges of Selected Universities in Tehran
Abbas Jahangiri

Industrial engineering can be regarded as the main core of communication between industry and the university, because it has many applications in all industries and even service environments. Therefore, in this research, selected industrial engineering colleges have bee More

Industrial engineering can be regarded as the main core of communication between industry and the university, because it has many applications in all industries and even service environments. Therefore, in this research, selected industrial engineering colleges have been evaluated and ranked. For this purpose, the industrial engineering Colleges of Tarbiat Modarres, Khaje Nasir al-Din Tousi, Amir Kabir, Sharif, Science and Technology, and Tehran universities were studied with regard to eight indicators and ranked using one of the newest Multiple Attribute Decision Making methods called Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) with Excel 2010 software. The results showed that Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Tehran University because of Earn more score, ranked first, Science and Technology University, second rank, Amirkabir University, Third Rank, Sharif University, Fourth Rank, Tarbiat Modares University, fifth rank, and finally Khaje Nasir-Al-Din Tusi University ranked the last. In the meantime, number of books and papers published per faculty members were identified as the most important indicators. Therefore, the encouragement of faculty members to the research field can play main role in increasing the rank of universities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - A model for Open Innovation in Banking Industry of Iran: Case study of Parsian Bank
jafar bagherinejad ghazale javid

In a research which this paper reflects its results , a model for open innovation in banking industry is offered. In fact , the relationship of open innovation as latent variable and the influential factors are stated in a model. In this regard, with reviewing literatu More

In a research which this paper reflects its results , a model for open innovation in banking industry is offered. In fact , the relationship of open innovation as latent variable and the influential factors are stated in a model. In this regard, with reviewing literature and previous researches, a conceptual model for open innovation in banking industry was designed. This model includes three main constructs like internal factors (technological resources, capability of idea attraction ), external factors(external knowledge resources, technological changes) and the relationship factors as trust. By conducting interviews with experts regarding the model constructs and doing statistical analysis, it has been approved. Then in a field study in Parsian Bank, by distribution of questionnaires, the relevant data for approval of the model ingredients were gathered. At last, by using structural equation modeling and regression equations in path analysis form and using SPSS and LISREL Softwares , the data were analyzed and the interrelation among latent variable and independent variables were stated clearly. The findings show that, in internal side ,technological sources doesn’t show any direct relation with open innovation, while the capability of idea attraction, had direct relation with open innovation. In external side, knowledge and technological change had positive and direct relation with open innovation. In interaction side, trust had positive and direct relation with open innovation. The model of this research can be useful for cultivating open innovation in banking industries and as a powerful tool for policy makers and planner in this sector. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Structural modeling of absorptive capacity and innovation in knowledge based Companies. Case study: development centers in Azad university of Esfahan
reza ansari Zahra جعفری بنه عیسی ali karampour

Abstract In the past century, Development and keep on organizations life –especially knowledge based Companies needs to having innovation. Knowledge based Companies can improve innovation by owning absorptive capacity. This study is structural modeling of absorptive cap More

Abstract In the past century, Development and keep on organizations life –especially knowledge based Companies needs to having innovation. Knowledge based Companies can improve innovation by owning absorptive capacity. This study is structural modeling of absorptive capacity innovation in knowledge based Companies. purpose the research is applicable and In terms of method of data collection is descriptive - survey . The statistic population of this paper is companies mangers who are in development centers in Azad university of Esfahan. study tools include questionnaire that according literature views that used to masters and experts opinion and little modification and for questionnaire perpetuity. Statistics sample is included 50 collected questionnaires which are analyzed by modeling structural equations. in study ,the results of measured models structures showed that all structures have suitable validity and reliability. The results of structural model express that the effect of dimensions of attraction capacity on different innovation have positive and significant relationship and process innovation on product innovation doesn't have significant relationship. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The effect of online social networks on home business innovation performance: The mediating role of innovation capacity
Morteza Akbari peyman dolatshah mojgan danesh

Nowadays, activity in online social networks has become inclusive, and these new tools have a high potential for the acquisition of business information and the needs of customers through collective intelligence; the use of this information can stimulate the creation of More

Nowadays, activity in online social networks has become inclusive, and these new tools have a high potential for the acquisition of business information and the needs of customers through collective intelligence; the use of this information can stimulate the creation of innovative products and processes in business. Also, the existence of high innovation capacity in business can facilitate the process of improving innovation performance. Therefore, in this research we have tried to examine the effect of using online social networks on improving the innovation performance of home business in Isfahan province and It will be clear how the innovation capacity of these businesses will affect this relationship. This study was conducted on 220 home-based businesses in Isfahan, and with available sampling were selected. uses a questionnaire for collecting data. The present research is an applied and descriptive analytical-survey method in terms of its purpose. For analyze the data structural equation modeling were used. The results showed that higher levels of online social networks could increase the likelihood of improving innovation performance. Also, innovation capacity can be a stimulus to use of online social networks and thus improve the innovation performance in the home business. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The effect of knowledge accumulation capabilities and organizational size incremental and radical innovation performance
abbas ghavami Amir Najafi

This study aimed to determine the effect of different capacities, knowledge accumulation and the size of incremental and radical innovation performance (Case Study: Karafarin, Asia, Iran Insurance companies and social security organization) has been made. The research m More

This study aimed to determine the effect of different capacities, knowledge accumulation and the size of incremental and radical innovation performance (Case Study: Karafarin, Asia, Iran Insurance companies and social security organization) has been made. The research methods, descriptive (cross-sectional) and the aim of the research is applied and the type of field research among. The population of this research included all employees of Karafarin, Asia, Iran Insurance companies and social security organization a total of 224 persons. Morgan table was used to select the sample of the sample number to the number 224 with a reliability of 95 percent to 138, respectively. For sampling stratified random sampling was used. The results showed assumptions, knowledge production capacity within the organization, on the performance of incremental innovation, the capacity to absorb external knowledge, and radical innovation performance with variable adjustment of external knowledge absorption capacity through significant indirect effects. Also The absorption capacity of external knowledge on the performance of incremental innovation, radical innovation performance has a significant impact. The results showed that the size of the capacity of organizational knowledge, the capacity to absorb external knowledge, the incremental innovation and radical innovation performance has a significant impact Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Effects of Network Structure, Knowledge Stock and Absorptive Capacity on Innovative Performance of Knowledge- Based Companies
Morteza Akbari saheb imani roya mahmoudi hoda abedi hadi toloasl

The innovative performance of companies has been studied quite extensively and for a long period of time. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of network structure, knowledge stock and absorptive capacity on innovative performance of Tehran knowledge- ba More

The innovative performance of companies has been studied quite extensively and for a long period of time. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of network structure, knowledge stock and absorptive capacity on innovative performance of Tehran knowledge- based companies. About 132 companies were selected as the sample in Tehran province, Iran. In order to collect data, standard questionnaires of innovative performance with 10 questions, absorption capacity with 8 questions, network structure with 4 questions, and knowledge stock were also used with 7 questions. In all items were measured using a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (totally disagree) to 5 (totally agree). Data collected through a questionnaire which its validity confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) software Smart- PLS 2.0. The results showed that the network structure, knowledge stock and absorptive capacity effect on performance knowledge-based companies. Also, the absorptive capacity have had partial and complete (perfect) mediating role on the relationship between knowledge stock with innovative performance and network structure with innovative performance. In addition, the absorptive capacity (0.48) has the largest and network structure has the lowest rank in explaining performance of innovative companies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Explaining the Modeling Model of Entrepreneurship Education with a Job Opportunity Approach (Case study: Custodians of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Tehran Province)
mashala valikhnai

The present research has presented a model of the entrepreneurship education system among the clients of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee, which has been fitted with a survey method and a questionnaire tool and using LaserLevel software. The statistical population of More

The present research has presented a model of the entrepreneurship education system among the clients of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee, which has been fitted with a survey method and a questionnaire tool and using LaserLevel software. The statistical population of the study consisted of 20 elite individuals (in order to develop a model of entrepreneurship education system) as well as 384 clients of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (in order to finalize the proposed model) through simple random sampling. Validity The questionnaire was also evaluated using face validity (expert opinion), and because the obtained alpha value was above 0.7, the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed and the results of the research indicate that all organizational and individual variables Effective (as input) as well as quadruple modulators of research and not Quality output variables, the determinants of entrepreneurship training systems are considered and priorities of each of these variables is based on the test results. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Provide a framework for enhancing the security of IoT-based smart homes using the IoT-A reference architecture
Sattar Hashemi shahrouz sotoudeh

Today, the smart home is one of the main and growing applications of the Internet of Things, which brings comfort, security, reduced energy consumption and cost of living. In addition to the benefits and advantages that this technology has brought, the issue of security More

Today, the smart home is one of the main and growing applications of the Internet of Things, which brings comfort, security, reduced energy consumption and cost of living. In addition to the benefits and advantages that this technology has brought, the issue of security and privacy has become one of the major concerns that needs serious attention. The IoT-A reference architecture is based on examining existing protocols and resources, ensuring the compatibility of objects and communication protocols, and providing a comprehensive solution for various IoT applications. This paper seeks to provide a general framework for improving security at all levels of design, implementation, and use of equipment and protocols, using the IoT-A reference architecture to address the security challenge of the Internet of Things and smart homes. In this article, the term security framework is used to identify the set of technologies, mechanisms, software and components needed to provide a set of security needs. After examining and mapping vulnerabilities and threats in the architectural application model, this paper presents an improved security framework compared to the standard reference architecture framework. Based on the theoretical evaluation, the new framework, which was formed by adding two components of threat and vulnerability management and field management and making some changes in the licensing component, meets the security requirements of the smart home to an acceptable level and provides an appropriate degree of security and protection. Enhances IoT-A-based smart home privacy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Analysis of the realization of the implementation of the child-friendly cities (cfc) case study:shiraz city
Farzaneh Salami

The concept of Child Friendly city is based on a sysem in which attention is paid too children s rights and polices and laws, programs and budget based on the needs of children cities reflect.Child-friendly design centers by the (UNICEF) human settlements program(HABITA More

The concept of Child Friendly city is based on a sysem in which attention is paid too children s rights and polices and laws, programs and budget based on the needs of children cities reflect.Child-friendly design centers by the (UNICEF) human settlements program(HABITAT)was founded in 1996.The purpose of this plan, the implementtition of the(CRC) at a level where we had the greatest impact on children. The purpose of this research is aimed at the realization of child-friendly cities in shiraz accepted,The methodology of this paper is descriptive in parallel,data collection haar data using a questionnaire and the population of both city managers,specialists and experts in urban and parents living in shiraz.Based on pearson correlation, shiraz all components of defined showed none of the items participation of children, the legal framework prtner of the child, comprehensive strategy rights of the child yamkanysm coordinated, systematic evaluation and assessment of the impact of legislation on children budgets,report on the status of children in urban, independent of the rights of children and protect children 3 and older not mean this show partially in shiraz in terms of the principles of friendly child was not favorable, analysis was performed based on multivariate regression model, in the city shiraz, the indicators rights of children as the most important and effective variables prediction kntdh friendly city children coefficient of the highest rsnk 0.426. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Analysis of the strategic position of the tourism industry in Takab
Mahdi Ebrahimi amirhossein tayyebi

Planners and development policymakers mention tourism as the main pillar of development in different countries. Today, tourism can create employment, increase income and ultimately prosperity and improve the livelihoods of the people. This research, which aims to determ More

Planners and development policymakers mention tourism as the main pillar of development in different countries. Today, tourism can create employment, increase income and ultimately prosperity and improve the livelihoods of the people. This research, which aims to determine the strategic position of the tourism industry in Takab, is an applied research and Delphi descriptive research method. The model used in the research is a comprehensive strategic management model based on SWOT technique. Research data was collected using the Delphi technique from 16 experts, officials and administrators of the tourism area of Takab city and analyzed. In the results section, while outlining the vision, mission and objectives of the proposed development, the results of the evaluation of internal and external factors have also been presented. This result suggests that the tourism industry of this city is in a defensive position and requires special attention of the authorities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Assessment of quality of life and its impact on citizen participation in urban affairs case study of Neyriz city
mohammad reza rezaei zahra Asiyabani

Evaluation of the life quality and its effect on the citizens’ participation case study: Neyriz city Nowadays, quality of life is the most supreme level in the objectives of social-economic planning and it is the golden key of citizens’ participation for appropriate an More

Evaluation of the life quality and its effect on the citizens’ participation case study: Neyriz city Nowadays, quality of life is the most supreme level in the objectives of social-economic planning and it is the golden key of citizens’ participation for appropriate and applicable planning in order to improve and increase the quality of life of citizens and it can be evaluated based on two dimensions, subjective and objective. The present study was carried out based on applied research and the descriptive survey research method; the aim of this research was to measure the quality of life and its effect on citizens’ participation in Neyriz. Statistical society of this research is all wardens of families in Neyriz town, which by implementing Cochran formula and simple random sampling, 321 samples were selected and questionnaires were distributed randomly among thirteen neighborhoods. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed from the perspective of scholars, and its reliability was evaluated through the use of coronbach's Alpha ( 0.80 and 0.84). The SPSS and AMOS software were used to carry out the statistical analysis. Results of the study revealed that family life satisfaction indicator with mean (M= 3.75) and health with mean (M= 3.16), had the highest mean and economic indicator with the mean (M= 2.56), had the lowest level of satisfaction in quality of life. Also, in the field of citizens participation, political dimensions with (M= 3.06) had the highest mean and subjective-spiritual index (M= 2.34) had the lowest mean. The results of the correlation analysis indicated that that enhancement of the quality of life can lead to increase of citizens’ participation in urban affairs, and there is a significant and direct relation between these issues. The Regression analysis also showed that the family life index (Beta =0.20) and the economic index (Beta =0.13) had the greatest impact on participation and totally the dimensions of quality of life can estimate 07% of participation variance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Assessment of land use changes and development of the urban landscape with emphasis on the role of urban economy Case Study of Ardebil City
Ahmad

With the rapid growth of urbanization in different countries of the world, in addition to increasing the number of cities and their population size, their area and extent have also been expanding rapidly. So that the rapid physical development of cities has even surpass More

With the rapid growth of urbanization in different countries of the world, in addition to increasing the number of cities and their population size, their area and extent have also been expanding rapidly. So that the rapid physical development of cities has even surpassed the population growth rate And the growth of unplanned and rampant phenomenon in Urbanism called "horizontal dispersion city 'or urban spiral created. This urban phenomenon was first created in rich and developed countries. But over the next few decades, seen today in most countries . Meanwhile, a look at the state of Iranian urbanization in the last half century Since the early 40's, the state of urbanization has evolved. Although this change was not at a standstill, its major development was increasing urbanization, urban population growth, increasing the number of cities, and expanding and expanding the physical spatial dynamics. In our country, urban landscapes have also had the capacity to use traditional ones, as urban growth patterns are organic and determinant of urban growth, endogenous and local factors. However, since the basis for the development of cities was an exogenous nature and oil revenues were injected into the urban economy, The intensification of investment in urban land has led to a disruption of the urban land market, and in particular the untapped use of a large part of the cities and the negative impact of the horizontal expansion of cities. Despite the rapid growth of population in recent decades, the city of Ardebil has been developing rapidly. The present paper aims to evaluate the changes in user behavior in the urban area of Ardabil. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Study of the city in political geography and geopolitical with an emphasis on Gottman and Cox's theory
hassan kamran yashar zaki

"City" is not only a political-spatial phenomenon, but also a geopolitical phenomenon which is the basis for the achievement of national power. Due to its specific characteristics, the city is the main place to meet the mental, intellectual and physical needs of human b More

"City" is not only a political-spatial phenomenon, but also a geopolitical phenomenon which is the basis for the achievement of national power. Due to its specific characteristics, the city is the main place to meet the mental, intellectual and physical needs of human beings in every country. Therefore, it can be said that cities and towns are responsible for maintaining the financial and material resources of the country. Cities on a global scale are powerful political spaces that enter the process of competition and interaction by controlling local events at the regional and global levels. Hence, the dramatic growth of large cities suggests that the state has provided a model for the development of the future of political geography. In other words, As the population increases The transformation of many non-urban spaces into urban space As well as by designing new patterns and working strategies for organizing urban space And the increasing political and strategic role of cities can be acknowledged Which has become the focal point of studies in geopolitical and geopolitical geography But how this phenomenon is studied from the perspective of geo-political geopolitics and geopolitics, The question that the present paper deals with The results of this research by analytical-descriptive method show that The phenomenon of the city has been studied not only in one dimension, but also in multidimensional forms, both theoretical and applied by geographers and geopolitics Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - The Role of Solar Energy in Sustainable Development in Tehran (Case Study: Residential Building)
صابر شفائی گیگلو Bahlool Alijani Mohammad سلیقه

Sustainable urban development is about building a relatively ideal and ideal city in which contemporary citizens enjoy a fairly good life and the future generation's ability to meet their needs. Tehran, as the main city in Iran, which has about 20% of the country's popu More

Sustainable urban development is about building a relatively ideal and ideal city in which contemporary citizens enjoy a fairly good life and the future generation's ability to meet their needs. Tehran, as the main city in Iran, which has about 20% of the country's population and its changes are influenced extensively and directly throughout the country, should therefore be considered more than other cities in terms of urban development. This research is practical in terms of purpose and in terms of its type, descriptive-analytical and consists of four main stages. In the first phase of this research, in order to identify and assess the current status of produced and consumed energy, we study and compare energy consumption data from all fossil fuels, non-renewable and renewable energy sources. In the second stage, the solar energy potential in Tehran, was studied using the information obtained from the synoptic station Mehrabad. In the third step, the cost of generating energy (electric energy) with fossil fuels or photovoltaic systems was compared. In the final stage, the process of designing and analyzing the choice of photovoltaic systems with run on two sample systems was implemented. The results indicate that the domestic, commercial and public sectors and transportation have the highest energy consumption in Tehran in different parts of the country. And also these two parts form the main part of energy consumption in residential areas. as of 2014, the total supply of energy (including production, imports, ...) of non-renewable fossil fuels is 1.774.5 million barrels of crude oil. As of 2014, the total supply of energy (including production, imports, ...) of non-renewable fossil fuels is 1.774.5 million barrels of crude oil. By contrast, the total supply of renewable energy, especially solar energy, is only 24.9% (equivalent to crude oil barrels), which is only 0.013% of the total energy supply of the country. However, due to high capacities of different energy standards in Tehran, utility rate of solar energy this city is significant. And luckily, in recent years, there has been a downturn in the cost of photovoltaic systems. Therefore, at the end of the research, suggestions were made to enhance the role of solar energy in the sustainable development of Tehran, especially in the construction industry, contains: review and modification of urban planning rules for optimizing energy consumption of fossil fuels, by notification and coercion new guidelines for the use of solar energy in the residential areas of Tehran. Culture -building and development of incentive schemes for the prosperity of the production and use of solar energy by citizens, even in small quantities. Providing necessary infrastructure for utilizing solar energy in the household, public and commercial sectors of Tehran Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Analysis of spatial growth pattern - time in Maragheh city using spatial metric methods
Ali Shamaei Hasan Ahar Eshaq Jalaliyan

physical development of the city as the spatial pattern of activity in a particular period of time is defined and it is divided into two main groups, means Urban sprawl (Sprawl), and the compact city model (Compact city). In recent decades, cities have grown organically More

physical development of the city as the spatial pattern of activity in a particular period of time is defined and it is divided into two main groups, means Urban sprawl (Sprawl), and the compact city model (Compact city). In recent decades, cities have grown organically and urban areas in a short time have been several times its original size and city development has been the forms of the individual components, without planning, uncoordinated that urban sprawl pattern is the main feature. This is necessary that attention to physical development of the city in order to sustainable Development. The case study is Maragheh city. Analytical method in this study is comparative. In this study is used of the methods of spatial metrics in order to analysis of urban sprawl in Maragheh city. The results show urban sprawl. Urban growth has been slowly in the past. Starting with rapid urbanization from 1355 to 1365 the city began a rapid growth and area of the city has increased several times and urban sprawl has occurred in this decade and it is continued until 1394. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Investigating the position of the concept of urban livability in the urban development plan (case study: Master plan of Zanjan city
vahid yarigholi mohsen ahadnejhad roshti Jhila sajadi

Today, urban viability reflects a strong discourse on urban development and urban design, which has become prevalent in the history of urban planning. Implementation of urban development plans is one of the basic measures in urban planning and management for the city to More

Today, urban viability reflects a strong discourse on urban development and urban design, which has become prevalent in the history of urban planning. Implementation of urban development plans is one of the basic measures in urban planning and management for the city to be inhabitants of the city and guaranteeing the continued existence of the city for a long time. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of Zanjan city in terms of livability indicators and how urban development plans can be implemented livability in Zanjan city. The research method of this research is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. The results of this study indicate that the findings of the analysis of the mental indices based on the distribution of the questionnaire among the statistical population showed that the Objective and subjective indicators conditions are not nearly consistent. According to the results of regression analysis, the rate of communication and correlation of livability with urban development plans is 0.622. Considering the significant level of 0.000 and its low, it is rejected from the 0.05P <zero hypothesis. It can be said that the relationship between the two variables of livability with the urban development plans is significant. In other words, the implementation of urban development plans accounts for 37% of the Zanjan city's livability. In addition, the highest correlation between the implementation of urban development plans with the social index is 0.369 and the smallest amount is also economic-related with 0.167. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - What is the political geography of the city, and why
hassan kamran

The geography of science, and among the branches of political geography that are grateful to describe the systematic relations between man (politics) and the geographic environment, is one of the old sciences whose history is based on the length of human life on earth. More

The geography of science, and among the branches of political geography that are grateful to describe the systematic relations between man (politics) and the geographic environment, is one of the old sciences whose history is based on the length of human life on earth. Today's most important human space environment is cities. The city is a closed space complex that occurs in this set of events, each of which creates a field of study of a science. One of the most important events taking place in the city is political events, in other words, the city has always been linked to the concept of politics. In the event that the impact of political and power relations is on the urban spatial development, political geography, with the often in-town approach, studies these relationships. Therefore, the political geography of the city is to study the impact of the activities of the state and the authorities on various dimensions (socio-cultural, economic, security and environmental) of urban life and citizens. The main question raised here is that "the political geography of the city, why and how to enter the study area of today's urban complex?" According to the hypothesis of this paper, the political geography of the city, to study the political space of the city, Investigates and presents the basic solutions. Thus, the political geography of the city can be considered as one of the branches of geosciences in the study of space and its features. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Factors affecting urban creative city to create interactive space
monir mirzayi abbas arghan mohammad reza zand moghadam

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective indicators for creating interactive spaces with an emphasis on the creative city. In this regard, according to the research topic, the scrolling method has been used. Regarding the level of study, two descriptive More

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective indicators for creating interactive spaces with an emphasis on the creative city. In this regard, according to the research topic, the scrolling method has been used. Regarding the level of study, two descriptive and explanatory levels (descriptive-analytical) were used. Also, for statistical analysis, statistical software such as SPSS and Super Decision software have been used. At the descriptive level, one-dimensional tables, percentages and abundance have been used. Also, at the inferential level, T-test was used to test the hypotheses, along with two independent samples, Pearson's path analysis. The ANP model is used to rank the factors influencing the realization of the creative city. Finally, the results of the research showed that social capital is a good predictor of explaining the level of the creative city in Ray. The creative city can meet the needs and aspirations of urban communities on a variety of dimensions. The needs of each city are influenced by the growth of the city. Urban space is realized when a person or people want to use it or be involved in this process. This process, on the one hand, contributes to the dynamism of the environment and, on the other hand, to the emergence of the creative class. Impact factors (human capital, innovation, social capital and quality of life) can be effective indicators of creativity and planning. In this research, it has been dealt with in general. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - The explanation of food patterns in rural settlements in Jiroft city With approach Land use planning
ali shahdadi علي آذره

Despite the central role of food production, villagers are now one of the most vulnerable groups in terms of food security due to climate, economic and social changes. Changes in food patterns have led to poor nutrition and severe food insecurity in these settlements du More

Despite the central role of food production, villagers are now one of the most vulnerable groups in terms of food security due to climate, economic and social changes. Changes in food patterns have led to poor nutrition and severe food insecurity in these settlements due to the poor power and access of villagers to the supply of basic food. This research attempts to answer the question of how dietary patterns among rural households in Jiroft city are affected and what factors affect it. The survey was conducted using a survey method and a questionnaire. The theoretical model of research with the approach of land management has identified three types of environmental, social and economic factors as the main factors explaining the patterns of popular food among villagers. Findings of the research show that rural households had a total of 14 main lunches and dinners per week; rice (average 4.99 times); artificial sugars such as sugar, sugar and sweetmeats (average 4.71 times) and dairy products (average 4.7 Times) and fish and shrimp (average 1.61 times). The consumption of rice among the villagers was significantly correlated with consumption of other foods including milk and herbs, vegetables and fruits, legumes, and chicken grass (with the acceptance of the positive effect of the symmetry of the data collection time on harvesting the consumption of rural households ) Access to water needed for agricultural and livestock production is the most important factor explaining the use of milk and its products among rural households (R = 0.47, F = 5.628, Sig = 0.028). In sum, the annual income associated with the sale price of agricultural products is the most important factor explaining how the consumption of food, especially consumption of meat, dietary foods, canned foods, etc. with (R = 0.51, F = 11.615, Sig = 0.002) and how much interest They consume food with (R = 0.52, F = 7.44, Sig = 0.013). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - gating the relationship between ecotourism and creating rural employment opportunities with an emphasis on the role of the climate (Case study: Masal)
saeid kamyabi saeid kamyabi

tourism or the tourism of nature is a kind of sustainable tourism that is possible with the participation of indigenous operators and the exploitation of natural tourism potential. Masal has not been developed in terms of facilities and facilities in comparison with oth More

tourism or the tourism of nature is a kind of sustainable tourism that is possible with the participation of indigenous operators and the exploitation of natural tourism potential. Masal has not been developed in terms of facilities and facilities in comparison with other cities in the province of Gilan. In fact, it is a kind of village. With proper and proper planning, it can be the basis for its comprehensive development, but before It is necessary to recognize and introduce the capabilities and capabilities of this city. Therefore, the purpose of this study is the feasibility of the development of Ecotourism in Masal with an emphasis on the role of the climate with the creation of employment opportunities in the city and its villages. In fact, in this research, an attempt is made to find an appropriate and desirable answer to these research questions. : Is it possible to say that the main reason for employment in the city and villages of Masal is the tourist attraction and the climate and climate of the region? 2 Is there a correlation between the natural attractions and climatology of the city of Masal and the attraction of tourists in this region? The present research is a descriptive-analytic (inferential statistics) correlation method for the purpose of applied research. The method of data collection is in the form of library and field studies. In addition, the analytical unit in this research was the individual and the statistical population of all the experts and experts in the field of urban tourism and the rural functions of Masal (about 150 people) and due to the limited statistical population of the census. Collected data was analyzed by a questionnaire after encoding and transmitted to SPSS 19 computer software. To test the hypotheses, one-variable, one-way, one-way, one-way, and Friedman tests. The results of this research indicate that there is a significant relationship between the tourist attraction of Masal city and the employment rate of people in this city between the amount of climate impact and the attraction of tourism in Masal and between the education level of employed in Masal city and tourism attraction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - System Analysis of the Effects of Political Divide Developments on Urban Sprawl (Case Study: Qom City)
seyed ali hosseini

Abstract In the history of Iran's proliferation, the government, as the most important political agents, have consistently played the most effective role in the transformation of spatial structures, including cities. These changes in the role of cities and the role pla More

Abstract In the history of Iran's proliferation, the government, as the most important political agents, have consistently played the most effective role in the transformation of spatial structures, including cities. These changes in the role of cities and the role played by the government set the stage for strengthening the city's economy, the development and expansion of cities and urbanization. The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the most important effects of political divisions on urban Sprawl in Qom using structural analysis model. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting library and field information. Data gathering tool is a questionnaire and a checklist. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using expert opinion. Structural analysis of futures research model is used to analyze the information. For this purpose, 29 factors were identified as the primary factors according to experts. Finally, the MIC MAC software was used to analyze and rank the indicators used in the structural analysis model and the GIS software to draw maps and layers of information. The results showed that improving the status of a city in the levels of country division, especially the transformation of the city into the provincial capital, can be achieved through four factors of population growth and migration, rising land prices and its stock exchange, the expansion of the state structure and the need for regional services, urban Sprawl overnight. Also based on the results of three factors, the concentration of capital in the city, the establishment of political representatives of the government and the development of industries in the city center were selected as the most important and effective political factors affecting the urban Sprawl in Qom. Manuscript profile

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23 - The pathology of rural production cooperative in the process of rural development sustainable Case Study : rural production cooperative in Saveh city*
gity salahiesfahani

This article is the result of field research done with the aim of pathology rural cooperatives in the process of rural development sustainable Saveh city. As well as economic and social aspect since to achieve development requires economic development which depends More

This article is the result of field research done with the aim of pathology rural cooperatives in the process of rural development sustainable Saveh city. As well as economic and social aspect since to achieve development requires economic development which depends on the development in industry services and agriculture the agric cultural prod unction cooperatives in rural are lever for economic and social development production cooperative can be optimum effective in living conditions, work ,and production and promote effective income and social status. Of course the dynamics and the changes are necessary in the production cooperative when it is efficient and effective for targeted , systematic, planned which is based on sustainability considerations in all aspects of economic social and environmental in this context rural production cooperatives faced obstacles as one of the problems for pertain. This article attempts to calibrate methods and Workshops (PRA) Questionnaires (based on theoretical models and literature) Inter View Was Conducted. Interviews Was Done After Collection Data Through The Software SPSS . Out Put and the Data. statistical research Members Of The Cooperative Based In The SAVEH City Of Rural With A Sample Of 110People .And Was Mad Multi-Stage Random Sampling .According To The Study .The Results Indicate Serious Damages threading Production Cooperatives In Saveh City .In Viewpoint Of Economic And Social Indicators ,In Clueing Farmers’ Income Improver Production Knowledge And Social Trust Maximum Average (3’44.9) And The Minimum Average (2’0967 ) Rerates To The Economic Aspect And Social Dimension. It Is Suggested That Grants Facilities And Equipment Participation Awareness And Empowerment Production Be On The Agenda Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Creative City and presenting Iranian Creative City Index
Vajiheh Zoghiyan Zahra HashemiDehaghi bahareh osanlou

The creative city concept has been derived from this field researchers and theorist consideration to the environmental and spatial dimension of creativity. Various indexes have been provided to measuring cities creativity that in all of them, the conditions and features More

The creative city concept has been derived from this field researchers and theorist consideration to the environmental and spatial dimension of creativity. Various indexes have been provided to measuring cities creativity that in all of them, the conditions and features of society has been considered. In this regard, the aim of this study is making a creative city index appropriate for Iranian culture. This study in term of modality is descriptive-analytical, and in term of purpose is a practical research. For data collection, the library, documentary and survey method in form of the Delphi method is used. In next step, with reviewing 15 international creative city index, a list of indicators extracted, then using Delphi method and screening indicators and measures, the Iranian creative city index has been created. The result of Delphi method in three round was the confirmation of 49 measure by Delphi panel members for making Iranian creative city index that from these 49 measure, the 32 measure was drawn from previous studies and 17 measure was provided by Delphi method members. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Evaluation and analysis of viability in 22 districts of Tehran Metropolis
jamal mohammadi

Urbanization and human populations tend to urban environments, the substrate with the importance of the concept of urban livability has provided more than before. One of the basic principles of sustainable urban development and urban livability, such as a coin has two More

Urbanization and human populations tend to urban environments, the substrate with the importance of the concept of urban livability has provided more than before. One of the basic principles of sustainable urban development and urban livability, such as a coin has two sides. It is a living on it, and the second is ecological sustainability. This study aims to evaluate and analyze biological markers in 22 regions of metropolitan Tehran. The research, analytical and survey and our objective is applied. Data collection tools as a library survey and questionnaire made; 385 citizens in metropolitan Tehran to probability sampling evaluated and the information gathered by the analysis of T test samples, analysis of variance and path analysis software SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. The results indicate that among the components of habitability in Tehran, Physical parameters of the statistic t, 0.378 weaker economic indicators calculated by 1.775 is in a better position than other indices. After that indicators of social and environmental statistics with statistics 440/0 481/0 next in rank rather been. After that indices of social with statistics 0.440 and environmental statistics 0.481 Next in rank are lodged. The results also showed a significant difference in viability between regions in Tehran have seen a significant difference. In the meantime, the economic indicator with the greatest amount of discrepancy is F 47.215. Manuscript profile

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26 - An Estimation of the Trend of City Horizontal Expansion within Seismic Faults and natural Risky Regions and its Consequences (Case Study: Saqqez county in Kurdistan province)
abdolah tayari Mohammad Ali Salari Kamangar

A review on different research about human habitats indicates that geology structure and environmental characteristics have affected city establishment and dwelling selection. With this in mind, the place of establishment (plains, foothills, so an) of a greater part of More

A review on different research about human habitats indicates that geology structure and environmental characteristics have affected city establishment and dwelling selection. With this in mind, the place of establishment (plains, foothills, so an) of a greater part of human habitats generally and urban habitats specifically has encountered such phenomena as quakes, landslides due to its relative proximity with the faults. The occurrence of numerous earthquakes in different places of the country within recent decades and their negative consequences especially on urban centers is a clear proof to this argument. Saqqez city in Kurdistan province due to its location with the proximity of many faults (Saqqez river faults, Valikhan river, Sonata and so an) is one of the places that from one hand the natural sea-bed features of its location has caused the possibility of accessibility to this property. From another perspective the horizontal expansion of the city in direction of above-mentioned faults has increased the accessibility. Now this writing tries to investigate the horizontal and physical development of the city in wake of quakes. For this respect, by using Topography – digitally maps and geology at the scale of 1:250000 and by using geographic information systems including Arc GIS and Arc view soft ware's and historical seismographic data , the isoseismic curve maps and expanse measurement of quake risk have been delineated. The results of the research hold that in accordance with seismography map and examining the quake occurrence timing in the region, there is a higher possibility of earthquakes in Saqqez. Most importantly, the city has been developing hastily towards unstable heights and minor faults in western and northern parts. An accordingly editing strategic and essential measure in the course of reducing quake risks by optimum orientation towards horizontal expansion is absolutely crucial. Manuscript profile

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27 - The role of tourism in rural development, Marivan city
saeed ahmadian Behnam Valizadeh

Overall goal of this research is the role of tourism in rural development, Marivan city. In order to achieve this objective, two methods have been used to document and track. Approach and an exploratory study - an analysis of this issue in the tourist, what role in rura More

Overall goal of this research is the role of tourism in rural development, Marivan city. In order to achieve this objective, two methods have been used to document and track. Approach and an exploratory study - an analysis of this issue in the tourist, what role in rural development, Marivan city, plays. The study population (15 villages studied), includes three groups of experts and staff (236 people), rural (8570) and tourists (1200) have been using formula and Morgan, respectively, 146 bachelors 291 out of 368 people, villagers and tourists as the sample size has been determined. How to choose the subjects and finally systematic random sampling is. In order to analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis, nonparametric Friedman test using SPSS software is used. The results show that the role of tourism in rural development Greatest impact on reducing rural exodus, and restoring social tourism in the local traditions andGreatest impact on the economic dimension of the rising cost of land and housing. Finally, according to achieved results and findings of the research Strategies for developing rural tourism activities is provided in the city of Marivan Manuscript profile

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28 - Investigating the geographic distribution of Iran’s nationalities and its rule on future changes

The Ideal thing to each national government is its nation enjoyment that is integrated among its members, significant differences linguistic, religious, ethnic and racial there and everyone belongs to a comprehensive national identity remember. Therefore, this study ai More

The Ideal thing to each national government is its nation enjoyment that is integrated among its members, significant differences linguistic, religious, ethnic and racial there and everyone belongs to a comprehensive national identity remember. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the geographical distribution Ethnicity of Iran and its role in the future development of the country that the descriptive - analytical and field studies in this area have been used. First the index of mining and adherence to their national unity and solidarity among nations of Iran border have been investigated which the index is used in the field of seven. The findings obtained from MADM methods and analytical models SAR shows that among people living in border Lor by a factor of 0.67, the highest level of commitment and people Kurdish and Baluchi coefficient of 1.240.6 and 1.25, respectively, with the lowest level of compliance in cross-border inter-ethnic unity and integrity are indicators. Some centrifugal forces on the border of Baluchistan and Kurdistan are existed that somehow and in some cases have been proposed as potential hotbeds of crisis. Kurds and the Baluch of Pakistan in Iraq can be considered as hotbeds of tension and crisis which caused the formation of future developments in the aforementioned boundaries. Manuscript profile

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29 - Electronics City the role in promoting of indicators of sustainable development with emphasis on electronic banking case study in Karaj
Alireza Estelaji Najmeh Shahtalebi

Issues and problems in the issue of air pollution, heavy traffic and wasting time on the streets, increasing the administrative and commercial activities of citizens in cities, increasing population and lack of fitness facilities and services, so that for various reason More

Issues and problems in the issue of air pollution, heavy traffic and wasting time on the streets, increasing the administrative and commercial activities of citizens in cities, increasing population and lack of fitness facilities and services, so that for various reasons has been formed in cities As well as citizens increasingly demand to provide satisfactory service and quality, and the municipal and state slogan and policy managers to focus on sustainable urban development, decision-making and planning based on technology and techniques the world's urban management is not only inevitable but also necessary and enter the world of electronic logical and convenient to the city is needed. One of the most widely used and most central urban needs of electronic services, electronic banking services, which with its activities is an important contribution to sustainable urban development. Therefore, this research was carried Metropolis research. The study was cross-sectional and library studies and field research was conducted using questionnaires. The results of the test the hypotheses using one sample T-test or One sample T test and Spearman correlation was also Shows that electronic banking will have an important role in the realization of sustainable urban development and in this regard citizens as key stakeholders have a direct influence on this issue and the possibility of achieving the desired goals is not possible without the participation of citizens. Manuscript profile

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30 - Community-based tourism development with an emphasis on aspects of local ethnic; Case Study of Kermanshah

The process of globalization through the creation of cultural assimilation attempts to expand markets for the production of similar goods in the form of scales. In practice, the pressure to eliminate ethnic subcultures past few years has led to resistance that indicates More

The process of globalization through the creation of cultural assimilation attempts to expand markets for the production of similar goods in the form of scales. In practice, the pressure to eliminate ethnic subcultures past few years has led to resistance that indicates intense desire to create dependency cultures, ethnic identity to avoid elimination. Iran is the most obvious examples of cultural diversity, ethnic, linguistic and religious in the world that, unlike most multi-ethnic countries, local ethnic diversity or cultural mosaic of indigenous and native of the area. Kermanshah city with so much power development, with strong ethnic community can be the background of ethnic tourism markets. Kurdish ethnicity is cross-border continuity that can be regional in scope commodification (tourism, media, etc.). The issue of how ethnic powers to achieve the objectives of social development at the local, regional and national benefit is important. Methods applied research - development and data collecting field and library. Urban population of 40 managers and 340 are tourists. Overall, most respondent's ethnic profiles of influential cultural ethnic tourism development in the city of Kermanshah in poor and middle-assessed. Chi-square test results in the desired quantity survey in evaluating community-based tourism development with an emphasis on local ethnic aspect is significant in Kermanshah. Since the amount of (sig) or smaller than the significance level corresponding to that test is (<p 05/0). Thus, according to the amount of x2 as well as degrees of freedom equal to 4 and 0 can be concluded significant level of local ethnic tourism is an influential role in the development of community-based tourism. Manuscript profile

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31 - Evaluation of physical-spatial changes using satellite imagery and applying a combination of Markov chains and automatic cells (Case study: Kermanshah city)
rahim sarvar میترا محمودیان Yusufali Ziari

Abstract In recent years, the urbanization, use and land cover of cities, especially the adjacent residential areas located on the periphery of the city, have been affected by human activities. In order to be aware of the changes process as well as to optimize the mana More

Abstract In recent years, the urbanization, use and land cover of cities, especially the adjacent residential areas located on the periphery of the city, have been affected by human activities. In order to be aware of the changes process as well as to optimize the management of future user changes in order to properly plan the combination of Markov chain and automated cells is one of the best methods and tools that shows the changes in past years and also with regard to past changes. Predicts changes for the future. Considering the fact that in recent years Kermanshah City has had significant changes in land use. Therefore, in order to find out the type and extent of the changes in the area above, the Landsat 7 and 8, 1993, 2003, 2013, 2018 have been used. After visualization, Fuzzy Artmap and Crosstab comparisons were used to detect and evaluate the changes. Also, to predict the process of change, by March 2033, a combination of Markov chain and automated cells has been used. The results of this research showed that over the past 25 years, about 34.42% of the change in utilization has taken place in the studied area, mainly due to human activities, including the expansion of settlements and lands built on agricultural land In all directions around the city of Kermanshah. Manuscript profile

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32 - Evaluate the impact of tourism potentials in the development of infrastructure and creation of creative city (Case Study of Kermanshah)
mohsaen shaterian mohsaen shaterian

Tourism is known as clean and dynamic industry that in the case of development it has benefits such as increasing social justice and increasing employment in the society and in the case of urban infrastructures they develop more. City as the highest manifestation of col More

Tourism is known as clean and dynamic industry that in the case of development it has benefits such as increasing social justice and increasing employment in the society and in the case of urban infrastructures they develop more. City as the highest manifestation of collective life has always been exposed to applying different and sometimes inconsistent creative taste of architecture and urban designers. As Mumford believes that there is many initial relationships that they lead to social innovation and creativity in life. Creative city is a new and noteworthy subject in the domain of urbanism and it has pivotal role in the growth and development of cities. The emergence and spread of the idea of creative city is an evidence of this claim. The intense competition among cities as tourism destinations has forced cities to find solutions to be differentiated from other cities and tourism destinations Therefore; the development of tourism is one of the main and secure ways to achieve creative cities. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of potentials in the development of infrastructures in the formation of the creative city in Kermanshah city. The research method is analytical-descriptive and the main instrument of gathering data is questionnaire. Statistical population of the study is residents of Kermanshah city. In order to analyzing the result of questionnaire, the structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS software is used and for obtaining the needed map, the GIS software is used. The results showed that tourism potentials are effective in the development of infrastructures and the formation of the creative city in the Kermanshah city. Manuscript profile

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33 - Comparative Evaluation of the City’s Physical Space Properties in the Occurrence of Vandalism Behaviors (Case Study of Karshenasan Town and Kowsar Town in Ardabil)
sohrab abolfathi

Vandalism is a conscious, volitional, and self-imposed destruction of properties, general amenities and utilities of the city. Alongside with population increase and expansion, and physical spaces, today's cities face a variety of urban problems and damages, which colle More

Vandalism is a conscious, volitional, and self-imposed destruction of properties, general amenities and utilities of the city. Alongside with population increase and expansion, and physical spaces, today's cities face a variety of urban problems and damages, which collectively threatens these communities in terms of environmental health, and security including issues of vandalism behaviors in the city. Given these circumstances, the necessity of considering the fact that the public spaces of the country's cities have encountered this social dilemma is of special significance. Subsequently Ardabil’s public spaces which are exposed to young people commuting are also facing such issues and problems. The main objective of this research is to identify the features of the physical space in the occurrence of vandalism behaviors in the two studied towns of the Ardabil city. This research is of applied type, and the data analysis method is descriptive-analytic. The first stage includes selection of indices, and physical data collection of two studied towns in development and expansion of vandalism phenomenon including urban land use, population density, the amount of access to the facilities and possible destruction utilities, level of isolation, and openness of urban spaces. The second stage includes analysis of collected data, preparation of maps and overlaying of them via GIS software in order to identify areas susceptible to cause this special damage. Results from data analysis, and checking the zoning of these two towns in terms of affectedness from vandalism phenomenon indicate that the vulnerability of Kowsar town is higher than Karshenasan town since the amount of open and isolated spaces with the use of urban uncultivated lands, and green spaces are more in Kowsar town. Moreover, the building and population density in Karshenasan town is higher than Kowsar town. Another important factor to be mentioned is the existence of the Shorabil recreational and tourism complex in Kowsar town which has created favorable conditions for the occurrence of this phenomenon. Manuscript profile

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34 - Capacity of urban management in the empowerment process of informal settlements: A case study of five Iranian cities
Mohammad

Empowerment of informal settlements has been always faced with two challenges. Firtly, Lack of necessary capacity to implement and unfamiliarity of urban management with the nature of empowerment plan to increase these capacities. Secondly, distrust of the residents of More

Empowerment of informal settlements has been always faced with two challenges. Firtly, Lack of necessary capacity to implement and unfamiliarity of urban management with the nature of empowerment plan to increase these capacities. Secondly, distrust of the residents of these textures to urban management and consequently the challenge of attracting their participation. This study aims by focusing on the first challenge as a research problem, with analytical- descriptive approach to evaluate and compare the existing capacity of urban management in order to empower informal settlements in five cities, so that the shortcomings of the urban managment regarding this issue to be determined. In this regard, according to documents and library resources, indicators of urban management capacity has been developed in many aspects. Furthermore, in order to quantify and collect data needed for each indicator, according to experts, using in-depth interviews and avialable information in the empowerment plan of informal settlements of theses cities has been considered. To analyze the data and evaluate the final number of available capacity of urban management of each of the surveyed cities in order to empower informal settlements of each city, the FUZZY-ANP model, and for weighting of indicators in this model, professionals, city administrators and researchers were surveyed. Ranking results of the management of the cities in order to empower informal settlements from highest to lowest capacity were 1- Shiraz, 2- Marvdasht, 3-Yasouj, 4-Zabol, and 5-Iranshahr respectively. Moreover, the indiocators of 1- using participatory planning method, 2- meetings and workshops related to issues of informal settlements, and 3- the stability of income respectively had the highest significance in this ranking. Manuscript profile

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35 - The impact Geomorphology in the Locating Urban
Marzieh Mogholi

Choose landfill is one of the most important steps in the management of municipal solid waste. With regard to environmental impact, economic and ecological landfill, the landfill must be done carefully and in a scientific process. In this study, to determine the appropr More

Choose landfill is one of the most important steps in the management of municipal solid waste. With regard to environmental impact, economic and ecological landfill, the landfill must be done carefully and in a scientific process. In this study, to determine the appropriate location for Solid Waste Palm City Taqi using the capabilities of GIS tools have been implemented. Geographic information systems including the innovative methods used today to study the location. The selection criteria for landfill waste Mnayb places such as geology, access roads, slope, fault, maps, land use, urban and rural centers have been used.the current location is buried in the wrong zone. Manuscript profile

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36 - Analysis Newurbanism indictors with an emphasis compactness, pedstrain and old texture recreation (case study: Maragheh city)
امید مبارکی parvaneh amirhosseini

Newurbanism is an effort to raise traditional urbanization and to adapt it to modern life today. This movment came to the fore in the twentieth centary and latly in the current decade it was considerd and emphasize on by authorities and urbanization experts in our count More

Newurbanism is an effort to raise traditional urbanization and to adapt it to modern life today. This movment came to the fore in the twentieth centary and latly in the current decade it was considerd and emphasize on by authorities and urbanization experts in our country. The main charictristics of this attitude is being humanist and bolding human roles in our modern-lif cities just as it was noticible before. The purpose of this study is to study conperhensive development, distressed area, pedestrian Attitude of new urbanism in the city of Maraghe. In this context with utilizing the methods of descriptive, analyctice and field study we try to study existing subject and also we have made use of Holdren and shanon antropy methods.the level of antropy in the year 1390 was 1.84 and Ln n = 1.94, and shanon antropy was close to 1.94, this was a sign of physical development that was scattered and uncompressed. In the other hand the result of Holdern antropy showed the development that happened horizontaly. The unending spread of cities in the recent decades has made. Old texture inhabitants abandon and live in cities that have lead to horizontal and ancompressed city development also because of uncompressed development and increase of access roates, use of public and private vechicles has exceeded and coused problems for pedestrian access. The result indicats that the city of maraghe is not matching with the new urbanism. Manuscript profile

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37 - Philosophical-Conceptual Exploitation of Urban Geopolitics
Arash Ghorbanisepehr Mohsen Janparvar

Developments in various fields have led to the emergence of new topics in the field of study in urban areas as spatial-geographic phenomena. Although cities have already had a prominent place in the past, changes in power and levels of power have increased the role of s More

Developments in various fields have led to the emergence of new topics in the field of study in urban areas as spatial-geographic phenomena. Although cities have already had a prominent place in the past, changes in power and levels of power have increased the role of subordinate actors that have shaped geopolitical debates on cities. The purpose of this paper is to understand and understand the general history, philosophical nature, reason, and definitions of urban geopolitics as a new and expanding issue. Therefore, in this paper for analyzing the information, content analysis method has been used. By examining the history of the formation of the city's geopolitical concept and its existing definitions, it became clear that the concept and nature of urban geopolitics are not well defined, as is necessary and desirable. Thus, the authors consider the geopolitical philosophical nature of the city to be the geographic resources of power, with emphasis on the city, the space of cities and their sphere of influence, and its relations at the levels (local, national, regional, global). The results of the general survey of urban geopolitical conceptualizations in the researches show that proper conceptualization of urban geopolitics is not necessary. Based on this, one can consider urban geopolitics in terms of four dimensions (location, actors, function, and discourse). Manuscript profile

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38 - Studying perception of 20th district of Tehran from features of Islamic urban area
ماندانا حبیبی Hosein Mojtabazadeh

From the beginning of the formation of the Islamic government, this religious school has always emphasized in the sacred books and the narrations of its elders about respect for Muslim communities and the necessity of communication between them. The outstanding manifes More

From the beginning of the formation of the Islamic government, this religious school has always emphasized in the sacred books and the narrations of its elders about respect for Muslim communities and the necessity of communication between them. The outstanding manifestation of these concepts has emerged in the cities of the early centuries of Islam. This has led the Islamic city as a space for the development of other Islamic fundamental principles and principles. However, with the emergence of modern thinking and the emergence of numerous movements, we see that many of these concepts have been met with considerable damage. This is considerably more significant in neighborhoods with a rich historical, religious, and civilian background, and its inhabitants can face the challenges of identity. The 20th district of Tehran is also one of the most valuable areas for this study, with the aim of measuring the readings of its inhabitants from the perspective of the Islamic city. Following the extraction of indices and sub-indexes related to the Islamic city from the opinions of experts and the conceptual modeling of the research, using the design and distribution of 50 questionnaires in the spectrum of 5 likert options, the characteristic The findings of the Islamic city were derived from the perceptions of the inhabitants of the 20th area using inferential statistics. The results of the findings suggest the fact that from the viewpoint of citizens, the most vulnerable factors that led to the deterioration of the quality of the 20th district of Tehran from the Islamic point of view were physical and environmental factors, and social and value factors are at a later stage. have. Manuscript profile

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39 - Future Studies on Human Resources Development in the Agricultural Sector in Rural Areas Case: Central part of Malayer township
alireza takaloo Ali Shamsoddini bijan rahmani majid shariat

Future Studies on Human Resources Development in the Agricultural Sector of Malayer County Many current problems of the agricultural sector of the rural areas are due to past planners' lack of foresight and since the development or non-development of agricultural secti More

Future Studies on Human Resources Development in the Agricultural Sector of Malayer County Many current problems of the agricultural sector of the rural areas are due to past planners' lack of foresight and since the development or non-development of agricultural section has affected other parts of the country's economy and development, it is necessary to care fully evaluate the effective factors in this section and identify and resolve its damages and problems. Most people who work in the agricultural sector gradually have faced with some problems due to being old and inadequate education, and they are not fit for a new knowledge-based economy. It is caused by the young and educated people leaving the villages and going to the cities. This research is looking forward to foresight to avoid any potential problems that may arise in this field. The current study was done in three steps. The first step which is relevant to the theoretical part of the research, has been investigated through the laboratory and documentary review method on foresight and human resource development. The second step in the data section was done by observation, interview and questiomaire. Then in the third step, Delphi and structural analysis techniques and the Mick Mac and Wizard soft wares were used. Based on this research 24 main factors in the human resources development were identified and the variables of integrated management of rural development sustainable employment, advanced technology, elimination of discrimination between urban and rural areas and the expansion of production cooperatives with the most direct impact as remarkable criteria in this regard were identified and three groups of scenarios was proposed for the future of human resources in the agricultural sector of rural areas. Manuscript profile

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40 - Investigating the interrelationships politic and space of city with emphasis on climatological typology
hassan kamran

"Cities" are among the phenomena of space that have a special place in geographic studies. Therefore, the interrelationship between politics and space in the city is one of the most important issues studied by political geographers of the present era. To understand thes More

"Cities" are among the phenomena of space that have a special place in geographic studies. Therefore, the interrelationship between politics and space in the city is one of the most important issues studied by political geographers of the present era. To understand these relationships, understanding the natural geography is very effective. In this paper, we try to analyze the geography of the city with emphasis on the typology of cities in terms of climate and location. The question raised here is whether the natural geographic conditions, especially the weather, are effective in the manner and policy of urban executives? In this descriptive-analytical method, this fundamental research studies the climatic conditions of desert, mountainous, coastal cities and their impacts on political, economic, cultural and environmental areas and on the decisions of power holders in general. We seek to answer the question, "How does climate influence the type and manner of policies and policy making of urban managers?" The hypothesis raised in answer to this question is that "natural geographical conditions, especially climate, in the type and method of policies." And policymaking is effective for urban managers. " The results show that the importance of recognizing the existing status of cities and their (natural) geographical location in order to plan well for the future on the one hand, and the importance of scale in achieving development with respect to the importance and necessity of policy making, on the other. That geographic space and policy development are closely linked. " Manuscript profile

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41 - Locating the Rural Crisis Management Center
Bahram imani reza Talebi

Environmental hazards are one of the main obstacles to the achievement of sustainable development, especially in human settlements (especially villages). Over the past decades, with the crisis management approach, the use of all management achievements, organization and More

Environmental hazards are one of the main obstacles to the achievement of sustainable development, especially in human settlements (especially villages). Over the past decades, with the crisis management approach, the use of all management achievements, organization and pre-crisis planning to deal with hazards Natural and human is rational and necessary. In dealing with emerging crises, one of the main pillars of proper coping and prevention of the negative effects of these hazards is the inclusion of crisis management centers, which include all prevention, preparedness and response measures, including relief, temporary accommodation of the incident, in which It is possible to minimize the consequences of a possible crisis. Hence, the city of Ardabil, due to being located in an area of seismicity and its location in the border area of the country, has a high potential for the development of non-human hazards. Therefore, in this study, using a descriptive-analytical approach, using the Hierarchical Analytic Model (AHP) (13 criteria), the area of Ardabil city was zoned in order to locate Rural Crisis Management Centers and using the TOPSIS (8 criteria) model Prioritization of Rural Crisis Management Centers was conducted within the study area. The results of the research show that 13.3% of the land in Ardebil has the highest ability to establish crisis management centers. With respect to the specified areas, 7 locations for the establishment of crisis management centers were identified and the TOPSIS model was used to prioritize these centers and the results showed that the base number 2 has the highest capability and the base number 1 Featuring the lowest capacity for deployment of crisis management center Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - Analysis and assessment of environmental quality Urban Tourist Destinations In line with sustainable development (Case study: Shushtar)
saeed amanpour saeed maleki Mohsen Ahadnejhad Roshti

Tourism development in urban areas of different components affected, including the environmental quality of these areas which is effective in the satisfaction of local residents and tourists. So check the environmental quality indicators Tourism can be Power, needs and More

Tourism development in urban areas of different components affected, including the environmental quality of these areas which is effective in the satisfaction of local residents and tourists. So check the environmental quality indicators Tourism can be Power, needs and weaknesses in these environments Based on satisfaction Or disturbing the urban environment And ensure the stability of these neighborhoods Because tourists, considering the nature of tour ism, Looking for fun And leisure are combined with pleasure. For this purpose, they are mostly looking for destinations have the highest level of environmental quality. The purpose of this research investigating the role of environmental quality in tourism in Shushtar. In terms of purpose, the type of applied research and the method is descriptive-analytic. In order to collect the required data two documentary and field methods (questionnaire tool) have been used. Also the tool is used in analyzing information, using descriptive and inferential statistical methods in the Excell environment and using the Spss software is used. The statistical population of the study is two groups of tourists and urban households in Shushtar. T test results show single sample which are some of the quality indicators of the city of Shushtar From the perspective of both sample societies Research is higher than average Meanwhile, the highest average was due to the functional-structural quality(3.562), Environmental quality(3.281), Tourist Attractions(3.191), And security and comfort(3.114), have been. Also, the results of Spearman's correlation test indicate this the highest correlation and positive and significant relation between sustainable development index and functional-structural quality with coefficient .0537 and with a confidence level .099 There is. In addition, Friedman's test showed Low level of environmental quality dimensions of the study area less than moderate in size, Tourist attractions, safety and comfort, social and visual environment And above average in terms of functional-structural quality And the quality of the environment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - The role of urban management in the success of city development strategy (CDS) Case study: Qazvin city
Mohammad taghi Razavian Jhila sajadi

Strategic plans involve turning to collective wisdom, public participation, and democratic techniques. This approach calls for all stakeholders and development actors at the local and international levels for working together to raise a development strategy for a specif More

Strategic plans involve turning to collective wisdom, public participation, and democratic techniques. This approach calls for all stakeholders and development actors at the local and international levels for working together to raise a development strategy for a specific city or metropolis.The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of urban management in the success of the development strategy in Qazvin city. The research method in this study is based on a survey-quantity method and the gathering of required data was documentary and field-based. In the documentary methodology, the theoretical framework of urban management and planning, managerial dispersion factors and effective elements in the successful implementation of city development strategy are described, and ultimately, the role of urban management in the success of the city development strategy approach and through assay and assessment of the affective elements on inefficiency and failure of city development strategy has been analyzed. The research community is composed of citizens of Qazvin. The data collection method is based on a field survey, a questionnaire and a library. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software, using mean, variance, standard deviation and path analysis, data analysis and hypothesis / theory testing. The results of the research show that a total of 23 factors out of 29 factors influencing the inefficiency and failure of the city development strategy are more than 50 to 92 percent correlation and it obviously emphasizes that the urban management structure leads to the inefficiency and failure of the "city development strategy" approach. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - The Risks of Cities' Public Buildings Unsuitability for Iranian Veterans Needs: Case Study of Zahedan

The purpose of this study is to measure how appropriate the Zahedan city's body is for the disabled and veterans use and probably the risks and failures of that. According to the research hypothesis public buildings of Iran's cities is not suitable for the disabled and More

The purpose of this study is to measure how appropriate the Zahedan city's body is for the disabled and veterans use and probably the risks and failures of that. According to the research hypothesis public buildings of Iran's cities is not suitable for the disabled and veterans' life, job and commuting. In order to test this hypothesis, the background of the effort to suit cities to the disabled and veteran needs was studied, the rules and standards of the city suitable for the disabled and veterans was searched and a theoretical framework was provided as a tool for measurement and comparison. At a later step, building condition of Zahedan was assessed and compared with scientific criteria and then analyzed. Yet to analyze data, the Weighted Sum technique for buildings was used. From the physical and managerial point of view the analytical results of this study indicated that Zahedan city is not suitable for veterans needs and generates some risks for them. Still the results of this study give recommendations for city planners and developers which contain strategies to improve criteria and physical indices, codification of law and rules and managerial plans to suit spaces for the disabled and veterans. Although this study has focused on Zahedan city, the model and process of its measurement and comparison is useful as a pretty efficient tool to suit building in other cities of Iran or the same countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - Locating Base Fire and Safety Services in Rural Settlements (Case study villages, city Boukan)
وحید ریاحی

Locating the Rural Fire Service and Safety Services is of great importance, For safety And prevent fires and accidents. Due to the high cost of locate firing safety services centers in all villages, Establish and correct locating caused increasing in efficiency usage of More

Locating the Rural Fire Service and Safety Services is of great importance, For safety And prevent fires and accidents. Due to the high cost of locate firing safety services centers in all villages, Establish and correct locating caused increasing in efficiency usage of safety centers. In this study, Dashbnd, Nachyt and Rahimkhan as the case villages in Boukan county previous studies were selected to locate in the rural context. Results show that the models employed is absolutely correct invoices. The research is applied in terms of content and analytical - descriptive. It is a documentary and field data collection To locate the fire station in the village of tissue factor in the six selected. Layers corresponding to each of these factors with reference to the same Zone 38, WGS1984 UTM: and the same (cellsize 3.6 × 3.6) in ARC GIS 10 preparation has been .To determine the importance of indicators used software expert choice 2011. And then each of the factors using fuzzy models by means of standardized Raster calculator and a value of zero to a raster format have been In this case, the layers become fuzzy weighted. . Then fuzzy algebraic operations addition and multiplication performed on layers and overlapping layers were. Finally the fuzzy gamma operator places suitable for the construction of a fire station in the rural context. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - The Role of the partnership program in green city with a view to the city of Shemshak as the first candidate in Iran's green city
Alireza Estelaji rahim sarvar

Today, environmental problems are one of the most important urban issues and conflicts with the natural environment. Because urban development has to be controlled by the building industry and transportation, and economic activity on natural spaces, this dominance is do More

Today, environmental problems are one of the most important urban issues and conflicts with the natural environment. Because urban development has to be controlled by the building industry and transportation, and economic activity on natural spaces, this dominance is dominated by the language in the from of dominance of the city over the nature of the city. The fact is that the root of contemporary environmental crises should beviewed in the view and interpretation of the environment of natural search . In other words the main problem is the knowledge and the world of the nose. Green city is a new approach to making solutions to change destructive behavior and to encourage positive environmental behavior. The use of energy in home, use of insecticides, disposal of waste materials in non-sanitary manner non-segregation of waste for recycling, and that is not the result of a partnership program. The city of Shemshak is the first candidate for the green city, due to its environmental ability and tourist attractions to implement green indicators and become a high-quality model and model for other cities in the province of Tehran and the country. In this context using the SWOT technique (analyzing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) to identify the effective internal and external factors in this context. It deals with the plan to realize the effectiveness of green indicators in this city. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - The Role of Tourism in Rural Employment )A Case Study of Firoozkooh City(
saeed ahmadian

is seeking to investigate the role of tourism on employment in the studied villages. In order to accurately describe the issue, 8 villages of Firoozkooh city were selected purposefully. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, documentary and field methods is More

is seeking to investigate the role of tourism on employment in the studied villages. In order to accurately describe the issue, 8 villages of Firoozkooh city were selected purposefully. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, documentary and field methods is used. Therefore, after designing the theoretical framework of the research for collecting data, field operations were completed by completing the local community and experts' questionnaires. For analyzing data using software SPSS and performing t-test, Levene's test, ANOVA and Walsh, we compared the research variables in all the studied villages. In calculating the reliability of the measurement instrument the Cronbach's alpha method has been used and the obtained coefficient of reliability is 0.9. Validity of the questionnaires is based on previous studies and experts' opinions. The results of research show that tourism in Jalizjand, Badrood, Khamdeh and Mozdaran villages can have an important role in increasing employment and in Harandeh, Lazor, Tares,and Simindasht villages, tourism has not had an effective role in increasing employment. Also, the highest rate of employment is in Khamdeh village and the lowest employment rate is in the village of Simindasht. In the Khamdeh village, which has the highest employment rates, the job creations were the field of supply and sale of crops and gardens, rental of houses, villas or suites, tourist’s services, livestock products supply and sale, and finally, the sale of handicrafts. In addition, according to more than 60% of the local community, jobs have been created in the areas mentioned for indigenous people. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - Evaluation of Urban Smart Growth Indicators Using Factor Analysis Model (Case Study: District 1, Shiraz, Iran)
Mohammad

The Smart Growth Strategy is one of the new approaches to sustainable development. The present study is based on a descriptive-analytic method using a questionnaire, where the reliability of the research tool was obtained based on the Cronbach's alpha coefficient as 0.8 More

The Smart Growth Strategy is one of the new approaches to sustainable development. The present study is based on a descriptive-analytic method using a questionnaire, where the reliability of the research tool was obtained based on the Cronbach's alpha coefficient as 0.82. The statistical sample involved 321 citizens of District 1 of Shiraz. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. To achieve the research objective (determining the status of Smart growth indicators in District 1 of Shiraz(, a factor analysis test was used. The results of Bartlett's test of sphericity showed that there was a significant relationship between the urban Smart growth indexes studied in the study (with 0.000Sig), in fact, there was a significant correlation between variables. in the Criterion of the four factors density, "net residential density" with the factor load of 0.760, "public transport access or walking to work" with factor load of 0.820 and " using public transportation or walking to access the CBD” with: 0.790 were identified as the most important factors. Moreover, in the factor accessibility criteria, "rate of apartment living" with the factor load of 0.821, "ease of access to public transportation" with factor load of 0.570 and "rate of using public transport or walking for access to CBD", 0.539 were identified as the most important factors. Finally, in the field of mixed land use, “percentage of households in residential units”, "walking or public transportation access rate to recreational facilities" and "ease of access to public transportation" were identified as the most important factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - Investigation and Evaluation of Health Indicators with the Healthy City Approach (Case Study: Imam Khomeini Port)
Mahmoud Haghighat

The rapid growth of urbanization has caused many problems for citizens over the past few decades, which has endangered the health of cities. The purpose of a healthy city is a social and physical environment with facilities that make it possible to perform all life acti More

The rapid growth of urbanization has caused many problems for citizens over the past few decades, which has endangered the health of cities. The purpose of a healthy city is a social and physical environment with facilities that make it possible to perform all life activities with ease and with optimal efficiency. The purpose of this research is urban planning to create a healthy city in Bandar Imam Khomeini. This research is descriptive-analytical and data collection has been done in two documentary and survey methods. Excel and SPSS software was used for indexing and computing, and GIS was used to map the map. In the end, using the SWOT analysis model for the study area, using field findings and experts' views, we will present strategies for achieving a healthy city in the city. in this research, the port city of Imam Khomeini is considered for five health indicators (social, economic, environmental, health and cultural). The results of this study indicate that the current status of five health indicators (social, economic, environmental, health and cultural) in Imam Khomeini port is in good condition and the standards of a healthy city are not well-suited. the results of the SWOT model showed that, in terms of weighting points, opportunities in planning the healthy city in Imam Khomeini port had the highest score, which means that in the study area, while the standards of a healthy city are far from the current status, but with the help of planned strategies, Bandar Imam Khomeini has the ability to meet the standards of a healthy city. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Spatial Analysis of Development in Rural Areas of Semnan Province Case study: Damghan city
Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli farhad azizpour

Achieving the balance and reducing the inequality in rural settlements requires studying and identifying the resources and facilities of these settlements. Indeed, spatial analysis of development identifies the inequality and deprivation of different areas and prioritiz More

Achieving the balance and reducing the inequality in rural settlements requires studying and identifying the resources and facilities of these settlements. Indeed, spatial analysis of development identifies the inequality and deprivation of different areas and prioritizes actions to improve the quality of life. The present study is based on the purpose, applied and research method of descriptive-analytic. The required data are obtained using 29 indicators in various dimensions and by documentary method. The study area is Damghan and the statistical population of the study is all the inhabited villages of Damghan. The research indicators weighted using F'ANP model and data analyzed using VIKOR multivariable decision making method. Cluster analysis used in order to classify the studied villages, from the aspect of developmental levels and analysis of their inequalities, and linear regression used to analysis the effectiveness of the components (emphasized in the conceptual model) on the final index of development in the area of the study. The results of the study indicate that the development in rural areas of the study has not been uniformly and fairly. The spatial pattern of this situation has become unbalanced. In this pattern, population and facilities in some villages are overprovision and in the others are under provision. This has caused immigration, in particular among young people, and thereby eliminating the age and gender balance, undermining the economic foundations and raising unemployment rates. Also, this developmental inequality in the rural districts of Damghan city was most affected by two factors: "access to welfare services and the level of economic participation". Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - Studying effective standards in reconstruction of obsolete urban contexts (case study: district one of Isfahan city)
Fariba Movlaeivarzaneh jamal mohammadi

The main purpose of the present study is the approximate importance of effective standards in reconstruction and renewal of obsolete context in district one of Isfahan city. Four main factors including skeletal_ accessibility, economic, environmental, social and acce More

The main purpose of the present study is the approximate importance of effective standards in reconstruction and renewal of obsolete context in district one of Isfahan city. Four main factors including skeletal_ accessibility, economic, environmental, social and accessibility have been researched through 41 sub-branches. Regarding the nature of the topic and the aim of the study, the method of the research was functional- developmental and the type of the research was descriptional-analytical. In order for the collection of data, documentation-library studies (note taking, charts and diagrams, photo and maps) were implemented. The main tool for gathering information was questionnaire, but other methods such as observation, interview, statistical information were also utilized. The statistical population in this research was eleven neighborhoods of district one in the city of Isfahan. The collected data were analyzed through factor analysis test, SWOT technique and GIS software. The results of factor analysis test (KMO) showed that internal integration was appropriate in the data except for environmental index. The significance of the test in all of the indices was less than 0/01 and the level of certainty was higher than 99. Therefore, factor analysis is suitable for determining the structure of the model. The results of SWOT model indicated that the averages of offensive strategy, variety strategy, revision strategy and defensive strategy were respectively 3/42, 3/55, 3/08, 3/21. The dominant strategy was variety strategy in this study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - Qualitative Desirability Presentation of Urban Pedestrian way with People-Space Unification Approach (Case Study: Zanjan Sabze Meydan pedestrian way)
mohamad taghi heydari shahram mohamadi

Urban space is involved with social strategies and this has made it a social phenomenon more than its physical aspects. In this regard, planning and design of people-oriented urban spaces has been traceable from the viewpoints of experts in this field since the beginnin More

Urban space is involved with social strategies and this has made it a social phenomenon more than its physical aspects. In this regard, planning and design of people-oriented urban spaces has been traceable from the viewpoints of experts in this field since the beginning of urban planning knowledge. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the desirability of Zanjan Sabze Meydan pedestrian way from the perspective of unification between people and space and determining the factors affecting the desirability presentation of Zanjan Sabze Meydan pedestrian way. The research method is descriptive and analytical and has been done through library and survey studies. The statistical sample of the study consisted of 120 walking citizens in Zanjan Sabze Meydan pedestrian way Area. Preparation and processing of required data was done by SPSS, ArcGis and lisrel software. The results show that the most of the indicators are moving towards instability and relativity and the most important strategy for Sabze Meydan pedestrian way desirability is to create environmental well-being through the development of health and safety on Sabze Maydan pedestrian way. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - Identification of Effective drivers on the Resilience of Border Cities (Case Study: Abadan City)
محمدعلی فیروزی جعفر سعیدی

Border cities because of their specific location and margins they are exposed to all kinds of stress and current and future dependent shocks economic, social, environmental, security and political challenges. One of the most important strategies in the world to respond More

Border cities because of their specific location and margins they are exposed to all kinds of stress and current and future dependent shocks economic, social, environmental, security and political challenges. One of the most important strategies in the world to respond to these challenges is the strategy of increasing the resilience of societies. Resilience approach by improving the level of adaptation and thus reducing the level of vulnerability in border cities reduces threats from natural hazards and human crises and improving sustainable management of these areas. In this study, the Effective drivers on the resilience of Abadan border city have been identified and analyzed. To identify the effective drivers in this research, first review the existing studies based on the literature (Books, Articles, Documents, Plans) a list of effective drivers in urban resilience was extracted. In the second step, in order to understand the external forces (key drivers) using interviews and open questionnaires (Delphi technique) Academic experts and city managers were asked to introduce Key drivers of resilience in the border cities of Abadan In five studies including sections of (Economic, Social, Environmental, Institutional - Organizational and Physical - Infrastructure). After obtaining key resilience drivers, the Cross Impact Analysis (Structural) Method and Mic Mac software it was used to investigate the level and how effectiveness of drivers and Identification of Effective drivers on the Resilience of Abadan City. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - Measurment and analysis the effects of Conducting Hadi Projects on the Physical development of city Periphery Villages (Case Study:villages around Marivan city)
Dr saadi Mohammadi

Abstract The physical collapse of city peripheral villages for physical undirected growth faced these villages with numerous challenges in economic and social fields. Therefore, conducting local projects in the country such as Hadi Projects is essential to reform the e More

Abstract The physical collapse of city peripheral villages for physical undirected growth faced these villages with numerous challenges in economic and social fields. Therefore, conducting local projects in the country such as Hadi Projects is essential to reform the existing conditions and physical development of these villages. This study aimed to assess the practical impact of physical development projects on the Marivan peripheral villages by means of a descriptive - analytical method and data collection through library studies and field surveys based on stratified random distribution questionnaire among 250 households of the villages and 13 regional's rural development experts. Seeking to identify the current status of the villages, and solutions for their optimal physical development. Determining the sample size using the Cochran formula from among 1122 households in the sample villages and determining the share of each village from the total number of questionnaires by stratified method. The analysis of collected data by using descriptive, average index(One sample chi do and T inferential statistics) and weighting of Indices with Delphi method in EXPERT CHOICE software And prioritize them with the VIKOR technique show the Hadi projects have resulted in the physical development of villages, According to the average calculated sum of 3.50, the satisfactory level causes the physical development of the studied villages. In this case, the quality dimension of the passages with the average calculated 3.62 has the highest improvement of the condition of conducting the designsand Ney village has had the highest level of influence and physical development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - Explaining the SmartMobility in Shiraz Metropolis Based on Sustainable Development Theory
Elahe kavoosi Jamal mohammadi

Smart urban mobility has become increasingly controversial in recent years, not only in academic literature but also in urban policies and strategies. However, in many cities around the world and in our country, Iran, smart urban mobility and mobility have been associat More

Smart urban mobility has become increasingly controversial in recent years, not only in academic literature but also in urban policies and strategies. However, in many cities around the world and in our country, Iran, smart urban mobility and mobility have been associated with problems such as lack of citizen participation and inequality due to inefficient urban management. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate and explain the indicators of mobility and mobility indicators (including transportation infrastructure, public transportation, sustainable transportation, information and communication technology) and the social dimensions of these infrastructures, including the level of citizen participation. Use of these infrastructures) and the relationship between these indicators and sustainable development of Shiraz city should be discussed. and analyze the framework of mobility and transportation of smart transportation for Shiraz. The results show that the mobility and displacement variables are in poor condition based on different dimensions of access, sustainable transport as well as ICT. Different indices of each of these dimensions point to the same issue, as its level of evaluation (significance level less than 0.05 and average lower than the criterion) points to their undesirability from the point of view citizens. The study of the impact of smart mobility indicators on sustainable development also shows that smart mobility indicators account for 26% of the total variance of sustainable development. On this basis, it should be noted that the mobility variable does not have an appropriate position in Shiraz, and this has not only affected its development process in recent decades, but also poses many challenges for its future development. The growing trend of the population and on the other hand the various social and cultural features as well as tourism are evolving in such a way that it requires a major focus on a systematic transportation based on smart city approach. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - An Analysis of Sustainable Urban Tourism Capacities, Case Study: Yazd
Ali Shamaei farzaneh sasanpour Mansour Arjmandi

The concept of capacity is an important tool for achieving sustainable tourism in the context of sustainable development. Lack of attention to the category of capacity in the tourism industry causes irreparable damage to the environment and natural tourism areas, as wel More

The concept of capacity is an important tool for achieving sustainable tourism in the context of sustainable development. Lack of attention to the category of capacity in the tourism industry causes irreparable damage to the environment and natural tourism areas, as well as dissatisfaction of visitors and indigenous people in the tourism area. The most important step in planning and expanding tourism in a particular region is to analyze the existing capacities in it. Because not paying attention to the capacities with incorrect planning and not paying attention to the ecological potential of the region, not balancing between the volume and type of recreational activities, not paying attention to the range capacity of the region, not paying attention to the facilities and infrastructure factors (type and quantity) necessary for physical development. Considering the seasonal nature of recreation and fluctuations throughout the year can be considered as a threat to the environment. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the tourism potential of Yazd. This research is of applied type and the method of doing it is descriptive-analytical. The research data were completed by a questionnaire of 400 tourists and citizens as well as 30 experts (as a sample size) and then analyzed by t-test, Delphi method and Shannon entropy. The results show that by relying on the high tourism capacities of Yazd in three levels of individual, environmental and organizational and attracting specialized forces in the field of tourism, using the potentials of the old texture of the city, and by identifying sustainable tourism, and holding Various festivals for economic prosperity and the like have eliminated many of the current shortcomings in meeting the needs of tourists and developed a sustainable urban tourism environment in Yazd. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - Healthy City Planning with Sustainable Develop
behnam Moghani rahimi

The status of urban areas has a decisive role in the health of residents. In such circumstances, the adoption of environmental planning and design approaches is essential for promoting the health of citizens. The application of healthy city criteria with regard to susta More

The status of urban areas has a decisive role in the health of residents. In such circumstances, the adoption of environmental planning and design approaches is essential for promoting the health of citizens. The application of healthy city criteria with regard to sustainable development through designing and upgrading the quality of urban spaces and residential areas can lead to the general health of citizens. Many social, economic and environmental indicators such as safety and security, social participation, environmental quality and access to facilities and services can be factors that affect the health and quality of life of individuals. This is an applied research and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the library and field method is used for data collection and WASPAS model is used for data analysis. The statistical population of the study is all residents of Kerman. The sample size is 384 people by Morgan table. The results show that in all three dimensions of sustainable development and healthy city, Kerman is far from standards However, in terms of the current status of the indicators in the four regions of Kerman, Zone 2, there is a better situation than other regions. Although it is not in ideal conditions, it is in better condition than other areas and after that, the first, third and fourth regions were located in the next places. Of course, in most of the indicators, the first and third regions were very close to each other, but the fourth area is in the lowest level in all dimensions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - Seismotectonics of the west of Golestan province, the east of south Caspian region
Maryam Agh-Atabai Marjan Tourani

Golestan province is located in one of the seismically active zones of Iran. The seismicity maps of Golestan province show that density of earthquakes in the west is more than the east. In this research, the parameters including b-value, recurrence time and seismic mome More

Golestan province is located in one of the seismically active zones of Iran. The seismicity maps of Golestan province show that density of earthquakes in the west is more than the east. In this research, the parameters including b-value, recurrence time and seismic moment were studied to investigate the seismicity of the west of Golestan province. The focal mechanism of earthuqakes and field data were used to determine the stress orientations in the study area. The estimated b-value is obtained as 1.24±0.2 which is comparable with the Alborz. Since the northern and southern parts of the study area have different geomorphological and structural characteristics, some of these parameters were calculated for two subdivisions; Dasht-e-Gorgan in the north and foothill in the south. Results of this study show that the earthquakes in the Dasht-e-Gorgan compared to the foothill are smaller with shorter recurrence times. For the foothills, the calculated P-axes using the stress tensor inversion method is found to be subhorizontal with trend N-NNE. For this region, at least two trends, N and NW, is calculated using field data. This result show the change of stress directions during the structural evolution of this area. The calculated p-axes trend for the Dasht-e-Gorgan is NE. In both studied areas, the focal mechanisms of greater earthquakes are consistent with the E-W to NE-SW trend of main faults especially the Khazar fault. But, the smaller events in the Gorgan Plain show a different trend and mechanism. Comparison of these two subdivisions shows that the northern Alborz foothill is more dangerous than the plain. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

59 - Physicochemical properties and tectonic setting of the basic intrusive rocks from south of the Germi (Ardabil): based on amphibole and plagioclase crystals chemistry
Mohammad GholamReza Ahmadzadeh elham aghazadeh

Eocene- Oligocene intrusive stock of basic bodies of south Germi are intruded into and cropped out in Eocene basaltic lavas. Studied gabroic intrusive rocks generally show granular texture with assemblages characterized by Cpx + Pl + Bi + Amph. Pyroxenes have augitic co More

Eocene- Oligocene intrusive stock of basic bodies of south Germi are intruded into and cropped out in Eocene basaltic lavas. Studied gabroic intrusive rocks generally show granular texture with assemblages characterized by Cpx + Pl + Bi + Amph. Pyroxenes have augitic composition, plagioclase have labradoritic and amphiboles have pargasitic compositions. The studied amphiboles show (Na+K)A ≥ 0.5 with variable amount (0.57 - 0.99), Fe+3 content ranges from 0.00 to 1.17, also AlVI ranges from 0.00 to 0.68 and AlVI<Fe+3. Chemical composition of amphibole can be used in determination of magma genesis. Results of thermobarometric studies indicate that the amphiboles formed at temperature range of 750oC -885 oC and pressure range of 5.96 – 8.36 Kb, that coincide with depth of 18.5 – 25.9 km. Also using the amphiboles and coexisting plagioclases thermometer shows temperature range from 758 oC to 865oC. Chemical composition of amphibole minerals with Fe2+/(Fe2++Mg) ratio from 0.11 to 0.32, variable oxygen fugacity (-5.83 - -6.34) and water content (3.09 – 4.16%) shows that they formed from sub-alkaline magma. Chemical studies of amphibole crystals indicate that they formed during a subduction related magmatic activity. Manuscript profile

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60 - Segmentation of Shotori fault using structural, geomorphology, seismicity and fractaly analysis

Shotori active fault zone (in the northern end of Nayband fault) has a dextral strike-slip mechanism with a revers component. Landsat image studies show that this fault is uncontinuous and segmented. In this research, based on fault geometric discontinuity, two segments More

Shotori active fault zone (in the northern end of Nayband fault) has a dextral strike-slip mechanism with a revers component. Landsat image studies show that this fault is uncontinuous and segmented. In this research, based on fault geometric discontinuity, two segments, were determined on both the northern (with trend of N40w) and southern segments (with trend of N20w). Both of them are reverse with a right lateral slip movement component. The southern segment is the most active segment, based on fractal earthquake and fractal fractures (Ds= 1/60, DN=1/73) and earthquakes (Ds=0/43, DN=0/68) morphotectonic¬ parameters such as river slope indicator (SLs=1703/27,SLN=1526/7), sinuosity river channel (SS=1/24,SN=1/27), the V ratio (Vs=0/7,VN=0/9) and structural and seismic data. The most frequent recorded earthquakes and the biggest registered earthquake with a magnitude of 7.4 on the Richter scale have taken place in the southern segment. This indicates a high potential of seismic activity on this segment of the Shotori fault. Manuscript profile

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61 - Fractal analysis of the aftershocks of the 2013 Gosht-Saravan (M.7.8) earthquake, NE Makran
Abdolreza Partabian Shoja Ansari Faride Jahandideh

In this paper the fractal dimension of the aftershocks of the 2013 M 7.8 Gosht-Saravan earthquake and their relationship with the seismicity parameters (such as the b-value) and also the released seismic energies of the main shocks and the aftershocks are investigated. More

In this paper the fractal dimension of the aftershocks of the 2013 M 7.8 Gosht-Saravan earthquake and their relationship with the seismicity parameters (such as the b-value) and also the released seismic energies of the main shocks and the aftershocks are investigated. The Gosht-Saravan main shock is an intraslab event with normal mechanism. No relationship between the Saravan fault and the main shock is observed. By examining the fractal dimension of the aftershocks and their relationship with the b-value it is confirmed that a linear seismic source (such as a subduction zone) exists. The slip ratio between the primary and secondary faults can be estimated by the fractal dimension. The calculated slip ratio indicates that a low portion of the slips may be related to the near surface fractures which can be verified by the shallow depth aftershocks. The earthquake occurrence in the intermediate depth, releases seismic energy and migrates to the near surface faults and fractures. The occurrence of aftershocks both near the hypocenter and at shallow depths can confirm the activity of these faults. The ratio of the total radiated seimic energy of the aftershocks to the radiated seimic energy of the main shock indicates that a high fraction of the energy related to the main shock and just a small fraction of the energy related to the aftershocks. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

62 - A Sociological Criticism and Analysis of the Story of "the Iranians Feast" With the Focus on the Series of Short stories entitled"A City Resembling the Paradise"
حسين نوين

In a sociological approach to literary studies, apart from their aesthetic and poetic functions, works of literature reveal the social- cultural trends of their own time. Author's world view, affected by their class- consciousness, to a great extent, forms their works. More

In a sociological approach to literary studies, apart from their aesthetic and poetic functions, works of literature reveal the social- cultural trends of their own time. Author's world view, affected by their class- consciousness, to a great extent, forms their works. In A City Resembling the Paradise, Simin Daneshvar describes the solemn and glum portrait of the women and the underclass of the Iranian society in a special period of its history. She views the deep- rooted ossification and superstition the causes of decadence which intensifies by the interferences of the western colonialists, especially the America. Turning to Iran's ancient civilization, the noble religious beliefs, and relying on the national potentials are the effective and decisive ways to decolonization and to remove sexual and social discrimination to which Daneshvar pays much attention in "A City Resembling the Paradise", especially in "the Iranians Feast" short story. The author employs a symbolic tone and style that best suits to the way of conveying the main ideas of the story. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

63 - CRITIQUE AND STUDY OF POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONTENT OF TALE COLLECTION OF "SHAHRI CHUN BEHESHT" (A CITY SAME AS HAVEN)
ليلا يوسفي قدرت‌ الله طاهري

A tail collection called "shahri chun behesht" (A city same as haven) by Simin Daneshvar, is the product of political, social and cultural conditions of the years of fear and violence of the post-coup-d'etat of 28 Mordad 1332. the period in which aspirations of a nation More

A tail collection called "shahri chun behesht" (A city same as haven) by Simin Daneshvar, is the product of political, social and cultural conditions of the years of fear and violence of the post-coup-d'etat of 28 Mordad 1332. the period in which aspirations of a nation who demanded independence and liberty, by conspiracy of alien counteries agents and some mistakes of religio-political leaders dissipated and feelings of hopelessness and defeat and failure spreaded in cultural society of Iran. In this collection, Daneshvar with her accuracy and intelligence has tried to show a part of bitter socio-political truths of those dark years of Iran's people. Short stories of Daneshvar, despite their importance in contemporary narrative literature, have been ignored in the shade of her more prominent novels such as Sovushon, Jazireh Sargardani and Sarban–e-Sargardan. This article is trying to reflect the light on one of the short stories collection of a such. Manuscript profile

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64 - Hegel, Marx and Gramsci on State and Civil Society
محمدتقي سبزه‌اي

The purpose of this article is the comparative survey of three contrastive theoreticians- Hegel, Marx, and Gramsci- on state, civil society and their relationships. Hegel assumed the civil society as a combination of three systems; the economical, legal and cohesive (po More

The purpose of this article is the comparative survey of three contrastive theoreticians- Hegel, Marx, and Gramsci- on state, civil society and their relationships. Hegel assumed the civil society as a combination of three systems; the economical, legal and cohesive (police and their related classes) which stand between the family and the state; which ultimately substitutes the state. Marx considers the civil society as the domain of work and everyday life, which is a totally economical and apolitical domain. Unlike Hegel and Marx, Gramci observes the civil society as a cultural sphere. The result of this theoretical comparative analysis shows that although these three contrasting theorists of philosophical principles assume a similar and common society as the base of their analysis, their conclusions on the society’s pattern structure differs with each other. Hegel substituted the three-dimensioned pattern of “family-civil society-state” with Aristotle’s classic two-dimensioned pattern of “family-city state”. Also Marx’s substructure pattern (on civil society) and superstructure (state) changed for Gramsci to the substructure (economic) and superstructure (civil society = nongovernmental organs + state). Gramci’s state is a combinative state compiled of the satisfaction of “mastery + power” and therefore it is both the substructure and the superstructure. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

65 - The Relation between Self and Political Power in St. Augustine’s Thought
mohamad ali tavana

St Augustine’s Confessions is the first autobiography in western literature. It introduced first- person point of view to western thought. First- person point of view is an initiation to the concept of ‘self’. The City of God is the only work of St Augustine’s to episod More

St Augustine’s Confessions is the first autobiography in western literature. It introduced first- person point of view to western thought. First- person point of view is an initiation to the concept of ‘self’. The City of God is the only work of St Augustine’s to episodically include his political philosophy, and therefore a good reference to understand his views on the subject. The present article is to examine the relation between ‘self’ and ‘political power’ in St Agustin’s thought, employing an intertextual approach. In doing so, we will start by discussing the process of formation of ‘self’ in his thought. Then will refer to the ontological and epistemological origins of political power in The City of God. At the end, it is shown that the sense of ‘self’ has an instrumental approach to ‘political power’. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

66 - Globalization and Iranian Ethnic Identity with a Focus on Language and Customs

It is believed that as a result of increasing globalization, identities of ethnic minorities will inevitably dissolve into one global culture. Others believe that globalization not only will not dismiss ethnicities but also, providing them with appropriate requisites, More

It is believed that as a result of increasing globalization, identities of ethnic minorities will inevitably dissolve into one global culture. Others believe that globalization not only will not dismiss ethnicities but also, providing them with appropriate requisites, will help to increase their ethnic consciousness and thereby strengthening ethnic movements. So, to study consequences of globalization, features of ethnic identity have to be taken into consideration. The present article studies cultures of ethnic identities, and proposes the hypothesis that globalization gives prominence to ethnic identities in short time, and may also lead to ethnic movements, but eventually it will result in assimilation of ethnic minorities with dominant cultures. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

67 - The Political and Cultural Impacts of Globalization on Iranian Ethnic Groups (A Field Study on Azeri, Arab, Kurd and Baluch Students)
علی امیدی فاطمه رضایی

Globalization is one characteristic of the world today. On the other hand, ethnicity, under some conditions, provides an excuse for political tensions. There are various views on the effects of globalization on ethnicity. Some theoreticians believe that as globalizatio More

Globalization is one characteristic of the world today. On the other hand, ethnicity, under some conditions, provides an excuse for political tensions. There are various views on the effects of globalization on ethnicity. Some theoreticians believe that as globalization grows, identity of ethnic minorities undergoes the assimilation of the values of the mainstream culture, which in turn is absorbed into the dominant global culture. However, others believe that globalization helps increase political self-awareness of ethnic groups. Overall study of these views show that political aspect of ethnicity is a function of different domestic and world factors, and is not of the same situation in all countries. In the present article, we study political and social situation of four Iranian ethnic minorities- Azeri, Arab, Baluch and Kurd. This is a field study. The data is gathered using questionnaires and interviews. Findings of the research show that while globalization, culturally, has led to a decrease in strictness of minorities over their cultural features- except language, it, politically, has resulted in a rise in their awareness and demands. Hence, to manage the demands, the government is expected to take felicity measures, including: promoting democratization, creating equal opportunities for political and economical participation of all groups, lowering the center-periphery distance through fair budget, and encouraging the national will for employment and removing deprivation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

68 - The Nature of Political Affair in Augustine’s City of God

This article tries to cast a new light on the political implications of Saint Augustine’s City of God. Considering Peter Burnell views as in his “the status of politics in St. Augustine’s city of god”, we will show that in Augustine’s theology there is no room to discus More

This article tries to cast a new light on the political implications of Saint Augustine’s City of God. Considering Peter Burnell views as in his “the status of politics in St. Augustine’s city of god”, we will show that in Augustine’s theology there is no room to discuss “politics” as an autonomous subject. For him, politics is a matter of worldly and post Descent status. At best, politics in can be a means of maintaining peace and security at this temporal world, and as an abode for the pilgrims of “the City of God”. Though man is naturally considered as a “social being” in Augustine’s thought, he believes this feature has been faded at the result of “politicalization” which has been imposed on him by his post Descent condition. So Augustine, completely detaching from Greek tradition of political philosophy and denying of civic relations, depicts his own city of God in non-corporeal utopia. Manuscript profile

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69 - The Crisis in Nation- State and its Possible Future
ایوب امیرکواسمی

The current upheavals suggest that nation-state has lost its functional tenability; that is because the supposed basic functions of such systems that were maintenance of ideology, economics, culture, and so on at the national level are facing crises. Nation-state can no More

The current upheavals suggest that nation-state has lost its functional tenability; that is because the supposed basic functions of such systems that were maintenance of ideology, economics, culture, and so on at the national level are facing crises. Nation-state can no longer fully implement their political ideals at national areas. In the functionalist approach, the existence of institutions depends on their functions, so with no place for their functions, the survival of nation-state will be unintelligible .The principle objective of this paper is to study a possible future of nation-states and their successors. The method of the study is reasoning. The results of this paper include two important points: the development of statehood and the formation of global political order based on democracy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

70 - The Power Elite in the City of Tehran1 The Role of Decision Makers in Social Issues
ياسر جلالي رحمت‌الله صديق سروستاني

Using Elite Theory and Institutional Approach, the present article studies the power group in the city of Tehran. The main questions of the research are: Do the heads of important institutions in Tehran form a power elite group? And is this group influential dealing wit More

Using Elite Theory and Institutional Approach, the present article studies the power group in the city of Tehran. The main questions of the research are: Do the heads of important institutions in Tehran form a power elite group? And is this group influential dealing with the social problems of Tehran? The article concentrates on the state organizations of the city and takes it for granted that their heads are power elites. The Research method includes studying documents and interviews with the elites. We have gathered our data through study of the individuals’ performance, decision makings, and relations regarding some special events. Individuals’ social characteristics are part of our data, as well. Manuscript profile

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71 - Efficiency as the capacity of state: Political Approach to Efficiency
Mohammad kamalizadeh

In this article we seek to attribute that to evaluate the effectiveness of government and political system, With reference to structural-functional systems theory to the theoretical framework. The main question in this article, is seeking for reliable indicators for the More

In this article we seek to attribute that to evaluate the effectiveness of government and political system, With reference to structural-functional systems theory to the theoretical framework. The main question in this article, is seeking for reliable indicators for the effectiveness of government from the perspective of political science. To answer this question, efficient capacities in the form of six capacities there for any government, will be discussed. Six potential monopoly of the legitimate use of force, extraction, shaping national identity, regulatory identity, maintaining internal and redistributive cohesion, in this article has been studied as indexes of government effectiveness. In this paper, our perception of efficiency can be considered as duties or common authorities in addition to great symmetry with economic understanding and management of this concept, linked with the key concept of "power" in political science. In this concept of efficiency, has been considered to the actual position of governments in countries and communities today, with an emphasis on the duties, powers and abilities as well as their expectations. This notion of efficiency, the closest and most functional conception of the concept of efficiency in political science which can be a reliable basis and theoretical framework for research on the effectiveness of the government. Manuscript profile

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72 - Investigating the Feeling of Relative Deprivation among the Baluch and its Effects on Political Violence
reza mahmoudoghli

اعزازي، شهلا (1380) جامعه‌شناسی خانواده، تهران، روشنگران و مطالعات زنان.## اي اپتر، ديويد و چالرز اف.## اندي بين (1380) اعتراض سياسي و تغيير اجتماعي، ترجمه محمدرضا سعيدآبادي، تهران، پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردي.## پاشایی، عباس (1369) فرهنگ اندیشه نو، تهران، مازیار.## تي More

اعزازي، شهلا (1380) جامعه‌شناسی خانواده، تهران، روشنگران و مطالعات زنان.## اي اپتر، ديويد و چالرز اف.## اندي بين (1380) اعتراض سياسي و تغيير اجتماعي، ترجمه محمدرضا سعيدآبادي، تهران، پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردي.## پاشایی، عباس (1369) فرهنگ اندیشه نو، تهران، مازیار.## تيلي، چارلز (1385) از بسيج تا انقلاب، ترجمه علي مرشدي¬زاد، تهران، پژوهشکده امام خميني و انقلاب اسلامي.## حافظ¬نيا، محمدرضا و مراد كاوياني (1385) «نقش هويت قومي در همبستگي ملي (مطالعه موردي: قوم بلوچ)»، مجله پژوهشي دانشگاه اصفهان، شماره 1 (پياپي 20)، صص 15-47.## ساندرز، ديويد (1380) الگوهاي بي ثباتي سياسي، ترجمه پژوهشكده مطالعات راهبردي، تهران، انتشارات پژوهشكده مطالعات راهبردي.## شيباني، مليحه (1384) «فقر محروميت و شهروندي در ايران»، رفاه اجتماعي، سال پنجم، شماره 18.## شيخ بيگلو، رعنا و دیگران (1391) «تحليل فضايي محروميت و نابرابري‌هاي توسعه در شهرستان‌هاي ايران»، رفاه اجتماعي، سال دوازدهم، شماره 46.## صالحی امیری، سیدرضا (1386) مفاهیم و نظریه‌های فرهنگی، تهران، ققنوس.## فکوهی، ناصر (1378) خشونت سیاسی: نظریات، مباحث، اشکال و راهکارها، پیام امروز.## کرد، یاسر (1389) بررسي برخي عوامل اجتماعي - فرهنگي مؤثر بر گرايش افراد به عضويت در گروه‌های تروريستي در استان سيستان و بلوچستان، پایان‌نامه کارشناسي ارشد.##، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي ـ واحد اصفهان.## كوهن، آلوين استانفورد (1379) نظریه‌های انقلاب، ترجمه عليرضا طيب، تهران، قومس.## گر، تد رابرت (1377) مدلي علي از منازعات داخلي در خشونت و جامعه، ترجمه اصغر افتخاري، نشر سفير.## گیدنز ، آنتونی (1376) جامعه شناسی، ترجمه منوچهر صبوری، تهران، نشر نی.## لهسایي¬زاده، عبدالعلي (1391) «نقش محروميت نسبي در افزايش خشونت‌هاي شهري مناطق حاشیه‌نشین (مطالعه موردی: شهر کرمانشاه)»، فصلنامه مطالعات شهري، سال دوم، شماره سوم، صص 21-64.## نش، کيت (1387) جامعه‌شناسی معاصر، ترجمه محمدتقي دلفروز، تهران، کوير.## هانتینگتون، ساموئل (1392) سامان سیاسی در جوامع دستخوش دگرگونی، ترجمه محسن ثلاثی، تهران، علم.## هولنـدر ، ادوين پـل (1378) روانشناسی اجتماعی: رهبـری و قـدرت تأتیــر ارتبـاط جمعی بر افكار عمومی و فعالیت سیاسی، ترجمــة احمـد رضـوانی ، مشهــد ، شركت بـه نشـر.## Bernburg, Jon Gunnarand Thorolfur horlindsson,and Inga Dora Sigfusdottir (2009) Relative Deprivation and Adolescent Outcomes in Iceland: A Multilevel Test, The University of North Caroiina Pres.## Boswell, T. Dixon, W. (1990) “Dependency and Rebellion”, ASR, 55 (4), 540-559.## Chandra, Siddharth and AngelaWilliams Foster (2005) ‘‘The Revolution of Rising Urban Social Disorders of the 1960s”, Social Science History, 29:2, 299–332.## Davies, J. C. (1962) "Toward A Theory Of Revolution", American, Sociological Review, 27 (1) pp. 5-19.## Dawson, J. I. (2001) Latvia’s Russian minority: balancing the imperatives of regional development and environmental justice Political Geography, No. 20, pp. 787–815.## Duncan, G (1968) A dictionary of sociology. Routledge and Kegau Paul, London.## Gatti, U., Tremblay, R. E., Vitaro, F., & McDuff, P. (2005) Youth gangs, delinquency and drug use: A test of the selection, facilitation, and enhancement hypotheses. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46.## Gurr, Ted Robert (1968) Psychologicat Factors in Civil Violenc, World Politics.## -------------------- (1970) Why Men Rebel, Princelon, n. g, Princton University Press.## -------------------- (1973) “The Renolution Change Nexlus,” Compurative Politics.## Messner, E. (1989) “Economic Discrimination and Societal Homicide Rates: Further Evidence on the Cost of Inequality”, American Sociological Review, 54 (4).## Moore, dahlia (2003) “perception of sense of control, relative deprivation, and expectationsof young jews and Palestinians in Israel”, the journal of social psychology, 143 (4) 521-540.## Muller, Edward (1988) “Democracy – Economic Development and Incom Inequality”, ASR, 53 (1), 50-68.## O’Neill, B. (2001) “Generational Patterns in the Political Opinions and Behaviour of Canadians: Separating the Wheat from the Chaff.” IRPP Policy Matters.## Vol. 2, no. 5.## Pearson, Julie A. and Michael D Fallacaro And Joseph E. Pellegrini (2009) “Perceived deprivation in Active Duty Military nurse Anesthetists”, AANA Journal, Vol. 77, No. 1.## Manuscript profile

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73 - Measuring the internal coherence of political regime elements in Plato's laws
Seyyed Khodayar Mortazavi

This article examines the internal logic and relation of elements of the existing regime in Essay of the Laws based on their duties and powers, using the theory of "Spragens" and taking into account the crises in the society. The result of the work is to draw a model of More

This article examines the internal logic and relation of elements of the existing regime in Essay of the Laws based on their duties and powers, using the theory of "Spragens" and taking into account the crises in the society. The result of the work is to draw a model of the political regime in which we see a combination of the main elements of the two regimes, monarchy and democracy, and its most important goals are to ensure the prosperity and security of the members of the society. In this regime, the institution of the monarchy is at the top, but powerful council institutions such as the Night Council, Law Guards, and the City Council composed of experienced elites are foreseen, which, although they adjust the role of the king in the administration of affairs, in many cases, their duties overlap and paradoxical. In general, the arrangement of the institutions of this regime is such that due to the lack of internal coherence, it deprives the citizens of the possibility of dynamism and fundamental innovation or prosperity, and perpetuates a static and rigid state in various aspects of life. Also, this regime can be seen as a model between two ideal and real societies, which, although it is far from the model of the Republic, its real actualization is also very unlikely. Manuscript profile

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74 - Investigation the relationship between implementation of innovation strategies and innovative performance, with absorptive capacity as a mediator variable, in companies located in Technology Park (Case Study: Pardis Technology Park)
razieh basiri abbas samadi rohollah sohrabi Mehdi Saeedi

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between implementation of innovation strategies and innovative performance, with absorptive capacity as a Mediator variable, in companies located in Pardis Technology Park. The population of the study includes Sen More

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between implementation of innovation strategies and innovative performance, with absorptive capacity as a Mediator variable, in companies located in Pardis Technology Park. The population of the study includes Senior Managers of the all 65 companies that are located in the pardis technology park. Using census, the entire population size considerd as sample size. Questionnaires were distributed randomly stratified. The criteria of Minbawa et al.'s research were used for individual absorption capacity, the criteria in Lichtenhaler's research were used for organizational absorption capacity, and the questionnaire in Hong et al.'s research was used for innovative performance. Validity and reliability for all questionnaires was confirmed. In order to analyze the data, software SPSS and Smart PLS were used. In analyzing the data, inferential statistical tests results and structural equation modeling is presented. The result of study indicates the meaningful effect of leading innovator strategy and also defender strategy on innovative performance and the meaningful effect Sinaof leading innovator strategy and also defender strategy and imitatore strategy on absorptive capacity. Absorptive capacity is a mediatore variable in relationship between using leading innoatore strategy and innovative performance and aslo it is a moderator variavle in relationship between using defender strategy and innovative performance Furthermore, Investigation of fitting indicators show that the model used in the study is acceptable fitness Manuscript profile

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75 - Assessing the managerial and physical- spatial changes of Tehran peripheral cities (Case Study: Qods city)
hamidreza kouzehgar Alireza Estelaji

Rapid urbanization, rising growth of cities, ever-increasing accumulation of population in urban areas caused by migration, and finally converting the rural centers to urban detached places, and attaching a city to another one have unbalanced population and planning’s s More

Rapid urbanization, rising growth of cities, ever-increasing accumulation of population in urban areas caused by migration, and finally converting the rural centers to urban detached places, and attaching a city to another one have unbalanced population and planning’s spatial equilibrium, social damages and extended physical changes. These changes need managerial and physical- spatial transformations. Managing the boundaries of metropolises due to various economical, political, social and environmental reasons is a challenging problem among the connections of governmental levels. As well, Tehran metropolis has encountered a lot of problems in relation to development around its borders. This management is functionally and geographically a dispersed one. Therefore, applying urban integrated management system in these areas is an imperative need. The statistical population includes citizens and Experts (managers and officials) of the city of Quds. According to Cochran's formula, this number is equal to 384 for citizens and for Experts are designated equal to 226 people. In this paper the research data has been analyzed by SPSS software and the hypothesis has been analyzed by one-variable T-test. The results show that urban integrated management at Qods city as a peripheral town of Tehran metropolis is inappropriate and unacceptable. Only establishing this kind of management can bring about physical and servicing development and public satisfaction. In this relation, Joining Qods city to Tehran metropolis is very effective from the view of managerial and physical- spatial improvement. The city’s experts and residents are agreed with Tehran- Qods combination and believe that this act lead to political, economical, cultural and social transformations and bring about more budgets for Qods city. Manuscript profile

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76 - The comparative study of Arabian-Islamic Urban pattern with Iranian-Islamic Urban pattern (case study: Khartoum and shiraz)
علی احمدیان کیسمی

Islamic big cities like: khartom, Cairo, mashad, shiraz and… can be a pattern for other Islamic cities in the world. This cities have had different history. Since 19th century, this cities have experienced less traditional characters. Because in Africa and other reg More

Islamic big cities like: khartom, Cairo, mashad, shiraz and… can be a pattern for other Islamic cities in the world. This cities have had different history. Since 19th century, this cities have experienced less traditional characters. Because in Africa and other region, this cities have had changes in urban culture and this trend change local Arabic urban indexex. But Iranian cities have not experienced this history. morphologic urban indexes include: rest sense, place Identity, Perception of Beauty, Ideal view and fast access and so on.This paper study morphologic factors (subjective and objective) of Arabian -Islamic Urban pattern (Khartoum) with Iranian - Islamic Urban pathern (shiraz). We use from documentary and structural content analysis methods for comparative of Arabian-Islamic Urban pattern with Iranian-Islamic Urban pattern. results show that there is no significance different between morphologic indexes for Arabian - Islamic Urban pattern and Iranian - Islamic Urban pattern. On the other hands, there is Similarity subjective (rest sense and place Identity and Perception of Beauty) and objective (Ideal view, fast access) indexes. so, even though there is different in history, we see Similarity in morphologic urban indexes specially rest sense, place Identity, Perception of Beauty, Ideal view and fast access, for this cities. Manuscript profile

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77 - Spatial Dynamics of Islamic City Based on Complexity Theory; Case Study: Tehran Central District
Hossein Hataminejad Ahmad pourahmad Keramatalah Zayyari Hosein Behbodi Moghadam

City is always dynamic and undergoing transformation. This dynamic in Islamic cities has been influenced by variety of exogenous and endogenous factors and has gotten complexity form. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the study of complexities of Islamic city s More

City is always dynamic and undergoing transformation. This dynamic in Islamic cities has been influenced by variety of exogenous and endogenous factors and has gotten complexity form. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the study of complexities of Islamic city spatial dynamics from the perspective of complexity theory and planning of these dynamics from the viewpoint of city as a complex system. Research Method in this paper is based on descriptive-analytical method and data collection method, based on documentary and field method. The statistical sample of the research consists of 85 urban managers and municipal experts (working in region 12, its six districts and Districts 1 and 2 of region 11), who have been identified based on the Cochran’s formula. Using the Mactor method and software and selecting the central part of Tehran as the study area, the following results were obtained: First, in recent decades, various factors and processes have played a role in the spatial dynamics of Tehran (As an Islamic and Muslim city) and its central part ,as They introduce it as a complex system. Second, the diversity of space actors with different positions of divergence, convergence and competition in the spatial dynamics of the central part of Tehran indicates the diversity, complexity and variety of elements involved in urban planning in this area. That is, in the study and planning of the Islamic city, one cannot rely on a single factor such as modernism or globalization, and the diversity of space processes and actors must be studied in terms of complexity theory, and all plans in urban planning have to consider this diversity. Manuscript profile

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78 - Socialization in Iranian Governmental Organizations and Its Role in Citizenship Ethics in the Islamic Iranian City
غلامرضا مقدم سیف اله سیف اللهی محمدرضا جوادی یگانه

Undoubtedly today's world is the world of organizations. In any organization, although individuals are the primary agents of the organization, in fact, organizations themselves have an independent legal personality that, like any society, provides the basis for interact More

Undoubtedly today's world is the world of organizations. In any organization, although individuals are the primary agents of the organization, in fact, organizations themselves have an independent legal personality that, like any society, provides the basis for interaction between individuals and their socialization.On the other hand, today most of the Citizens' time are occupied by economic duties and presence in the workplace. Many people in this environment interact with different formal and informal groups and learn many of the values, norms and behaviors from that environment and internalize their behavior.Therefore, recognizing the increasing importance and scope of organizations and their role in the socialization of individuals, It is necessary to look at the economic and social structures of government agencies, as part of the pathology of ethics in the Islamic Iranian city.Organizations that play a large role in the citizenship ethics of their employees. Therefore, the issue of ethical training in the organization is important from both, a professional and a citizen's perspective that both of which are related to the concept of citizenship.In this study, grounded theory method was used and 25 staff members of one of the most high level governmental organizations of Iran located in Tehran were interviewed in depth.The findings show that ambiguity of ethical perception, avoidance of participation, ambiguity in role and goals and weakness of work culture are the phenomena affecting on disorganization which provide grounds for negative socialization of citizenship ethics in the city. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

79 - Revisiting the Spatial Organization of Neighborhoods in the Iranian City in Terms of the Tradition of Mortmain; Case Study: Aligholi Agha neighborhood, Isfahan
Mina Kashani Hamedani Hassan Sajjadzadeh

mortmain has been existing for a long time in the field of urbanization. It is a multifaceted phenomenon with various physical, functional, social and economic dimensions. Identifying the effect of mortmain endowment on the building blocks of Iranian-Islamic cities, esp More

mortmain has been existing for a long time in the field of urbanization. It is a multifaceted phenomenon with various physical, functional, social and economic dimensions. Identifying the effect of mortmain endowment on the building blocks of Iranian-Islamic cities, especially through a historical approach, will help to clarify this concept. With its unique historical neighborhoods, the city of Isfahan which was mainly developed in the Safavid era under the influence of the idea of the Islamic city and mortmain offers a perfect opportunity for innovative historical research. From among the numerous historical neighborhoods in Isfahan, the neighborhood of Aligholi Agha was selected as the case of the present study due to the survival of its mortmain deeds. The hypothesis of this research is the influence of mortmain on the shape of Aligholi Agha neighborhood. The research seeks to find an answer to the question of how tradition of mortmain has affected the structure and creation of traditional neighborhood spaces?. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to analyze the spatial structure and physical elements of traditional neighborhoods from the perspective of mortmain tradition and based on the structuralism approach in Islamic city studies. Accordingly, in the process of traditional neighborhoods regeneration, a sustainable spatial organization can be achieved by relying on research findings. For this purpose, the research was conducted through a descriptive-analytical method, while reviewing the literature of the position of mortmain in Islamic thought and its impact on the structure of the Islamic city, and using library-documentary as well as field observations, historical documents and maps, and existing mortmain deeds. Our findings indicate that mortmain has been effective in the formation and further historical development of Aligholi Agha neighborhood centers in Isfahan and creating public buildings such as mosques, bath and other public buildings in this neighborhood. Also, due to the doctrinal and social dimensions of the mortmain tradition, the development and creation of Aligholi Agha neighborhood buildings, has created an interconnected and intertwined structure in the center of the neighborhood and has created sensitivity and participation of people in preserving and reviving traditional buildings in this neighborhood. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

80 - Spatial-temporal Analysis Hotspots Theft Crime in the City of semnan
Esmaeil Najafi Keramatalah Zayyari Ali Reza Darban Astaneh

10.29252/.1.4.1

Background and Purpose:Nowadays the problem of increasing the rate of delinquency and social deviations is one of the most important and most fundamental problem in many cities in the world. After years criminologists have found that certain locations effect on crime. S More

Background and Purpose:Nowadays the problem of increasing the rate of delinquency and social deviations is one of the most important and most fundamental problem in many cities in the world. After years criminologists have found that certain locations effect on crime. So in recent years researches about the interaction between the physical environment of cities and social ills and crime has become increasingly important. Theft is one of the most important types of crime and delinquency. There are a variety of different forms of theft at the community level. Method:This study, Identifying and Spatial-temporal Analysis of urban Crime Hotspots, have been conducted in Semnan. Geographical information system and SPSS software are used in this study to do spatial and temporal analyze. In this study some crimes have been studied as a sample that took place in legal limit of Semnan city in range of 1394/1/1 until 1394/29/12. Then after preparing a database of theft and using statistical and graphical tests, crime hotspots have been identified and analyzed in a spatial way in Semnan city. This is a descriptive and analytical research and data is provided by library and statistical information and field observations. Findings and results:The results showed that the urban crime hotspots of Semnan are in the Imam street. With more details this area extends from Imam square to Mazandaran crossroad. These hotspots also lay in Semnan market. This market is in the crowded and bustling part of city and has mostly commercial function and unsuitable physical structure. It is cleared that in terms of time, the highest rate of theft in Semnan city had occurred in warm months of year as well as the initial days of the week. The results showed that most of thefts had occurred in a time between 9 A.M until 13 P.M. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

81 - A New Upper Bound for Free Space Optical Channel Capacity Using a Simple Mathematical in Equality
Arezu Rezazadeh Ghosheh Abed Hodtani

10.7508/jist.2013.01.001

In this paper, by using a simple mathematical inequality, we derive a $ new upper bound fkr the capacity of$ free space optical channel in coherent case. Then, by applying general fading distribution, we obtain an upper bound for mutual information in non-coherent cas More

In this paper, by using a simple mathematical inequality, we derive a $ new upper bound fkr the capacity of$ free space optical channel in coherent case. Then, by applying general fading distribution, we obtain an upper bound for mutual information in non-coherent case. Finally, we derive the corresponding optimal input distributions for both coherent and non-coherent cases, compare the results with previous works numerically and illustrate that our results subsume some of previous results in special cases. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

82 - Target Tracking in MIMO Radar Systems Using Velocity Vector
Mohammad Jabbarian Jahromi Hossein Khaleghi Bizaki

10.7508/jist.2014.03.003

The superiority of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radars over conventional radars has been recently shown in many aspects. These radars consist of many transmitters and receivers located far from each other. In this scenario, the MIMO radar is able to observe the More

The superiority of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radars over conventional radars has been recently shown in many aspects. These radars consist of many transmitters and receivers located far from each other. In this scenario, the MIMO radar is able to observe the targets from different directions. One of the advantages of these radars is exploitation of Doppler frequencies from different transmitter-target-receiver paths. The extracted Doppler frequencies can be used for estimation of target velocity vector so that, the radar can be able to track the targets by use of its velocity vector with reasonable accuracy. In this paper, two different processing systems are considered for MIMO radars. First one is the pulse Doppler system, and the second one is continuous wave (CW) system without range processing. The measurement of the velocity vector of the target and its counterpart errors are taken into account. Also, the extended Kalman target tracking by using its velocity vector is considered. Besides, its performance is compared with those of MIMO target tracking without using the velocity vector and conventional radars. The simulation results show that the MIMO radars using velocity vector have superior performance over other above-mentioned radars in fast maneuvering target tracking. Since the range processing is ignored in CW MIMO radar systems, the complexity of this system is much lower than that of Pulse Doppler MIMO radar system, but has lower performance in tracking fast maneuvering target. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

83 - Statistical Analysis of Different Traffic Types Effect on QoS of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
Mahmood Mollaei Gharehajlu Saadan Zokaei Yousef Darmani

10.7508/jist.2015.01.002

IEEE 802.11 based wireless ad hoc networks are highly appealing owing to their needless of infrastructures, ease and quick deployment and high availability. Vast variety of applications such as voice and video transmission over these types of networks need different net More

IEEE 802.11 based wireless ad hoc networks are highly appealing owing to their needless of infrastructures, ease and quick deployment and high availability. Vast variety of applications such as voice and video transmission over these types of networks need different network performances. In order to support quality of service for these applications, characterizing both packets arrival and available resources are essential. To address these issues we use Effective Bandwidth/Effective Capacity theory which expresses packet arrival and service model statistically. Effective Bandwidth asymptotically represents arrival traffic specifications using a single function. Also, Effective Capacity statistically describes service model of each node. Based on this theory, at first we modeled each node’s service as an ON/OFF process. Then a new closed form of Effective Capacity is proposed which is a simple function and is dependent on a few parameters of the network. Afterward the performance of different traffic patterns such as constant bit rate, Poisson and Markov Modulated Poisson process are statistically evaluated in the case of both single and aggregate traffic modes. Using the proposed model we will show that traffic pattern affects QoS parameters even if all models have the same average packet arrival rate. We prove the accuracy of our model by a series of simulations which are run using NS2 simulator. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

84 - Good Index Choosing for Polarized Relay Channel
Hassan Tavakoli Saeid Pakravan

10.7508/jist.2017.19.007

The Polar coding is a method which have been proposed by Arikan and it is one of the first codes that achieve the capacity for vast numerous channels. This paper discusses relay channel polarization in order to achieve the capacity and it has been shown that polarizatio More

The Polar coding is a method which have been proposed by Arikan and it is one of the first codes that achieve the capacity for vast numerous channels. This paper discusses relay channel polarization in order to achieve the capacity and it has been shown that polarization of two relay channels can be given a more achievable rate region in the general form. This method is compatible with the original vision of polarization based on the combining, splitting and polarizing of channels and it has been shown that the complexity of encoding and decoding for these codes in mentioned method are O(N log⁡〖N)〗, and also error probability for them is O(2^(〖-(N)〗^β )). Choose the best sub-channels in polarized relay channels for sending data is a big trouble in this structure. In this paper, we have been presented a new scheme for choosing a good index for sending the information bits in relay channels polarized in order to have the best performance by using sending information bits over FIF sets. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

85 - Short Time Price Forecasting for Electricity Market Based on Hybrid Fuzzy Wavelet Transform and Bacteria Foraging Algorithm
keyvan Borna Sepideh Palizdar

10.7508/jist.2016.04.001

Predicting the price of electricity is very important because electricity can not be stored. To this end, parallel methods and adaptive regression have been used in the past. But because dependence on the ambient temperature, there was no good result. In this study, lin More

Predicting the price of electricity is very important because electricity can not be stored. To this end, parallel methods and adaptive regression have been used in the past. But because dependence on the ambient temperature, there was no good result. In this study, linear prediction methods and neural networks and fuzzy logic have been studied and emulated. An optimized fuzzy-wavelet prediction method is proposed to predict the price of electricity. In this method, in order to have a better prediction, the membership functions of the fuzzy regression along with the type of the wavelet transform filter have been optimized using the E.Coli Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm. Then, to better compare this optimal method with other prediction methods including conventional linear prediction and neural network methods, they were analyzed with the same electricity price data. In fact, our fuzzy-wavelet method has a more desirable solution than previous methods. More precisely by choosing a suitable filter and a multiresolution processing method, the maximum error has improved by 13.6%, and the mean squared error has improved about 17.9%. In comparison with the fuzzy prediction method, our proposed method has a higher computational volume due to the use of wavelet transform as well as double use of fuzzy prediction. Due to the large number of layers and neurons used in it, the neural network method has a much higher computational volume than our fuzzy-wavelet method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

86 - A New Capacity Theorem for the Gaussian Channel with Two-sided Input and Noise Dependent State Information
Nima S. Anzabi-Nezhad Ghosheh Abed Hodtani

10.7508/jist.2019.04.005

Gaussian interference known at the transmitter can be fully canceled in a Gaussian communication channel employing dirty paper coding, as Costa shows, when interference is independent of the channel noise and when the channel input designed independently of the interfer More

Gaussian interference known at the transmitter can be fully canceled in a Gaussian communication channel employing dirty paper coding, as Costa shows, when interference is independent of the channel noise and when the channel input designed independently of the interference. In this paper, a new and general version of the Gaussian channel in presence of two-sided state information correlated to the channel input and noise is considered. Determining a general achievable rate for the channel and obtaining the capacity in a non-limiting case, we try to analyze and solve the Gaussian version of the Cover-Chiang theorem mathematically and information-theoretically. Our capacity theorem, while including all previous theorems as its special cases, explains situations that can not be analyzed by them; for example, the effect of the correlation between the side information and the channel input on the capacity of the channel that can not be analyzed with Costa’s “writing on dirty paper" theorem. Meanwhile, we try to exemplify the concept of “cognition" of the transmitter or the receiver on a variable (here, the channel noise) with the information-theoretic concept of “side information" correlated to that variable and known at the transmitter or at the receiver. According to our theorem, the channel capacity is an increasing function of the mutual information of the side information and the channel noise. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

87 - Reliability Analysis of the Sum-Product Decoding Algorithm for the PSK Modulation Scheme
Hadi Khodaei Jooshin Mahdi Nangir

10.29252/jist.8.31.167

Iteratively decoding and reconstruction of encoded data has been considered in recent decades. Most of these iterative schemes are based on graphical codes. Messages are passed through space graphs to reach a reliable belief of the original data. This paper presents a p More

Iteratively decoding and reconstruction of encoded data has been considered in recent decades. Most of these iterative schemes are based on graphical codes. Messages are passed through space graphs to reach a reliable belief of the original data. This paper presents a performance analysis of the Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) code design method which approach the capacity of the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) model for communication channels. We investigate the reliability of the system under Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulation. We study the effects and advantages of variation in the codeword length, the rate of parity-check matrix of the LDPC codes, and the number of iterations in the Sum-Product Algorithm (SPA). By employing an LDPC encoder prior to the PSK modulation block and the SPA in the decoding part, the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the PSK modulation system can improve significantly. The BER performance improvement of a point-to-point communication system is measured in different cases. Our analysis is capable for applying any other iterative message-passing algorithm. The code design process of the communication systems and parameter selection of the encoding and decoding algorithms are accomplished by considering hardware limitations in a communication system. Our results help to design and select paramours efficiently. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

88 - Analysis of the livability of mass housing (Case study: Bahar neighborhood of Isfahan)
farzaneh dehghani gishi daryoush moradi

10.29252/.1.4.39

Increasing population in cities has led to mass housing. Today, the erosion of dense areas and high-rise buildings are among the realities of large cities and have created special problems, problems and needs. Such tissues are facing a decrease in living conditions day More

Increasing population in cities has led to mass housing. Today, the erosion of dense areas and high-rise buildings are among the realities of large cities and have created special problems, problems and needs. Such tissues are facing a decrease in living conditions day by day. Because of physical deterioration, lack of proper facilities, services and urban infrastructure is vulnerable and has a low spatial, environmental and economic value. Bahar neighborhood, which is located in the south of Isfahan, after 47 years of its construction, has faced a decline in livability conditions, and these old buildings have created an unfavorable view for the 6th district of Isfahan. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the viability of residential components, production-service institutions and public housing, the condition of adapted ducts and decision-making structure. To evaluate the status of the mentioned indicators, questionnaires with a sample size 135 residents of Bahar neighborhood were compiled and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and mean test using SPSS software. According to the results of the study, the spatial-activity structure of housing and decision-making structure are the most important areas in poor condition, and dilapidated and low-durability buildings, lack of investment in housing, lack of participation of residents, low economic potential of residents Resident’s lack of trust in the municipality, the difficulty of obtaining a construction permit in the neighborhood is one of its most important components Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

89 - A New High-Capacity Audio Watermarking Based on Wavelet Transform using the Golden Ratio and TLBO Algorithm
Ali Zeidi joudaki Marjan Abdeyazdan Mohammad Mosleh Mohammad Kheyrandish

10.52547/jist.15957.10.38.151

Digital watermarking is one of the best solutions for copyright infringement, copying, data verification, and illegal distribution of digital media. Recently, the protection of digital audio signals has received much attention as one of the fascinating topics for resear More

Digital watermarking is one of the best solutions for copyright infringement, copying, data verification, and illegal distribution of digital media. Recently, the protection of digital audio signals has received much attention as one of the fascinating topics for researchers and scholars. In this paper, we presented a new high-capacity, clear, and robust audio signaling scheme based on the DWT conversion synergy and golden ratio advantages using the TLBO algorithm. We used the TLBO algorithm to determine the effective frame length and embedded range, and the golden ratio to determine the appropriate embedded locations for each frame. First, the main audio signal was broken down into several sub-bands using a DWT in a specific frequency range. Since the human auditory system is not sensitive to changes in high-frequency bands, to increase the clarity and capacity of these sub-bands to embed bits we used the watermark signal. Moreover, to increase the resistance to common attacks, we framed the high-frequency bandwidth and then used the average of the frames as a key value. Our main idea was to embed an 8-bit signal simultaneously in the host signal. Experimental results showed that the proposed method is free from significant noticeable distortion (SNR about 29.68dB) and increases the resistance to common signal processing attacks such as high pass filter, echo, resampling, MPEG (MP3), etc. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

90 - Investigation and Determination of the Evolution Process of Architecture in the Structure of the Tabriz bazaar with emphasis on contextualism
Prosha Bahrieh sahar tofan شبنم اکبری نامدار

10.29252/.10.39.5

Contextualism, as an important approach in architecture emphasizes upon the preservation of traces of the past and the differences and the features of each culture and it is rooted in the identity of every nation. The ancient texture of cities carries rich signs of the More

Contextualism, as an important approach in architecture emphasizes upon the preservation of traces of the past and the differences and the features of each culture and it is rooted in the identity of every nation. The ancient texture of cities carries rich signs of the culture and identity of forebears and Iranian traditional architecture is no exception to this rule, at the same time it’s a rich instance of harmony and co-habitation with environmental characteristics and spatial values. In traditional Iranian cities, bazaar was considered to be a fundamental element so that the city was recognized and appreciated for its bazaar. The Tabriz bazaar arranged in a complete city block has a long antiquity, vastness, functional diversity and architectural values. The current research makes attempt to elucidate and determine contextual factors influencing the Tabriz bazaar at urban (site location, formation and development) and architectural (dispersion of physical elements and function) scales. Therefore, the research questions are explained as follows: first, which contextual factors have been influential in the site location, formation and development of the Tabriz bazaar (Large scale)? Secondly, which contextual factors have been influential in the dispersion of physical elements and functions of the Tabriz bazaar (Intermediate scale)? The methodology of the research is deductive, which is based on the analysis of the content of documents. Thereby, the research attempts to re-read the subject matter and to draw a conclusion through the study of documents, exploration of historical books and logbooks, analysis of maps and old aerial images of Tabriz and the bazaar, as well as analysis of field survey findings of the existing condition of the bazaar. The extraction of contextual factors affecting the formation of the bazaar on the metropolitan scale and architectural programming related to the physical and functional dispersion shows that the formation and development of Tabriz bazaar and its elements over the ages have been influenced by the environmental, cultural, social, political, governmental and economic structure of the city. The effect of the contextual index in terms of the status of the political geography of the city and the economic value of the structural index of bazaar on the formation of necessity characteristic, supply-demand relationship and its manifestation in the form of Tabriz bazaar on large and medium scale has been found to be of more importance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

91 - Dimensional analysis as a method in research on Islamic city
Bahador Zamani ehsan babaei salanghoch

The applicability of the qualitative research system and its specific strategies namely grounded theory is worth considering for contributing to the knowledge with the valid scientific theories and doctrines in order to raise the level of awareness and to help predict a More

The applicability of the qualitative research system and its specific strategies namely grounded theory is worth considering for contributing to the knowledge with the valid scientific theories and doctrines in order to raise the level of awareness and to help predict and solve the existing problems of the urbanity and urban planning particularly in Islamic contexts. Grounded theory as one of the strategies of qualitative method has been developed with various readings in recent decades. Dimensional analysis as one of the readings of the grounded theory, being devised by Schutzman has been applied in various scientific disciplines; however, this method has been less used in urban research. This paper demonstrates the capabilities of this method for research in general and Islamic city research in particular. Accordingly, two questions are asked: What is the process and capability of the dimensional analysis method? To what extent is this method applicable to Islamic city research? The paper is organized into two main sections. In the first section, the background, philosophical foundations and theoretical underpinnings and steps of the dimensional analysis method are discussed taking into consideration the possibilities and capabilities of this method for research. In the second part of the paper, this method is used for a sample study in Islamic urban context. In this section, the concept of Islamic city has been studied by various scholars scrutinizing the various dimensions and methods used to construct this concept and provide an explanatory framework in this regard. The results of this section come up with six distinct models of Islamic city in related texts and narratives, including Islamic habitat (not city) model; timeless city model; physical model; Muslims’ city model; Islamic civilization model; and city-in-Muslims’ territory model. The findings of this study not only emphasize the advantages and usefulness of dimensional analysis for urban research, but it also implies that any use of this method –such as any other quantitative and qualitative methods – requires its own related ontological and epistemological considerations and adaptation in line with the research details particularly its aim/s and question/s. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

92 - An Analysis of the Role of the Great Hosseinieh in the Formation of the Secondary Structure of Zanjan in the Qajar Era and the Its Persistence Causes
Ahad Nejadebrahimi MohammadJavad Heydari

The government found more religious convergence with the people in the Qajar era. Because, in addition to the people, the government was also active in constructing religious places, such as Dolat (government) and Nasiriyah Tekyeh in Tehran and Zanjan city. This factor More

The government found more religious convergence with the people in the Qajar era. Because, in addition to the people, the government was also active in constructing religious places, such as Dolat (government) and Nasiriyah Tekyeh in Tehran and Zanjan city. This factor not only increased the influence of the Shi’i religion and publicized its religious rituals, but, in addition to influencing the physical organization of the city, it paved the way for another structure too. This structure was not defined by physical element such as the main structure. Contrary to the main structure, this structure was a symbolic and semantic that arose as a result of social action. This structure was a result of citizen’s image of mind of the urban spatial sense and identity that the social construction (religious behavior of citizens) has played a major role in its shaping and, contrary to the main structure of the city, has undergone a change. The purpose of this research is to explain the role and influence of the Hosseinieh Azam (great Hosseinieh) in the formation of the secondary structure of Zanjan in the Qajar era. The research method is historical, descriptive and analytical. Documentary and field study method has been used in gathering the required information. Results of this research showed that the construction or development of the great Hosseinieh and the formation of its mourning group in the Qajar era have played an important role in creating the secondary structure of the city of Zanjan. A structure that has persistence to this time. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

93 - Identification and explanation effective factors in Fire Stations site selection in run down texture
Ahmad Heydari Hamidreza Joudaki

From among available uses and services, significant importance is distribution efficient site selection of Fire station, in the case of important and attention to the safety and arrangement in coping on fire and accident with increase Population and density in city ,ser More

From among available uses and services, significant importance is distribution efficient site selection of Fire station, in the case of important and attention to the safety and arrangement in coping on fire and accident with increase Population and density in city ,services, fire organization is duty supply in the coping with fire. In run down and old texture because of supply suitable access and minimum standard time to fire place and in general supply urban safety establish fire station is more important. The basic goal of this research is identification main factors in site selection for establish fire stations in run down texture. In this research ,at first survey and identification main factors in site selection in run down texture with use of AHP method ,this is a multi-criteria decision making and then weighting and prioritization fire station site selection criterion and sub criterion. The results show that between factor such as access, population density, nearness and natural disasters, access factor appropriating access most weight in fire stations site selection in Tehran run down texture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

94 - A Comparative Study of Coma and General Anesthesia and Brain Death in Iran’s Jurisprudence and Law
Morteza Chitsazan Hamed Hasaninia

In this paper, we have first tried to define coma and then compare it with general anesthesia and brain death by resorting to the opinions of the jurists and latest medical findings. Unlike common belief, coma is not a disease; rather, it is a prolonged state of unconsc More

In this paper, we have first tried to define coma and then compare it with general anesthesia and brain death by resorting to the opinions of the jurists and latest medical findings. Unlike common belief, coma is not a disease; rather, it is a prolonged state of unconsciousness that results from damage to the person’s brain. In this paper, we will investigate the nature of coma and compare and contrast it with similar states of unconsciousness in the science of jurisprudence and law. The most important outcome of this study and the aforesaid comparison and contrast will emerge in the answer to the following question: What state of life is “the person in coma” in? There is an in-depth relation between humans’ life and death on one side and jurisprudence and law on the other side, in the sense that some rules are only applicable to death and the dead person while on the contrary, there are rules that are applicable to the person as long as he is alive and become inapplicable with the passing away of the person. Therefore, a precise examination of the concepts of life and death will be inevitable toward realizing the purpose of this paper. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

95 - Nature preserve life based on quran ethics
azam etemadifard

Islam has brought us an Islamic-divine perfect and comprehensive worldview based upon Quran and Hadith. It asks from human beings to have an ethical life to attain to their ultimate meaning in their relations with themselves, with God, with others and with Nature. These More

Islam has brought us an Islamic-divine perfect and comprehensive worldview based upon Quran and Hadith. It asks from human beings to have an ethical life to attain to their ultimate meaning in their relations with themselves, with God, with others and with Nature. These human beings, i.e. those who have faith and well doings, have the gospel of a proper life. In this paper we try to show the good deeds that a well doer believer should perform in relation to the Nature to reach to felicity- a real and original life- in other world. In our view there is – in contrast to this kind of view to life and Nature- another world view that is atheistic and corporeal which have made a humanistic view centered on egoistic desires and this has led to suppress the Nature- a place that is considered as an ultimate end for human life. We believe that an ethics based on Quran to keep the Nature safe would 1- cancel this kind of materialistic view and 2- with considering Quranic observations abnormal deed would disappear and 3- perfectness of Islam would be shown Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

96 - The pattern of implementation of moral education based on the requirements of human dignity, with emphasis on the views of Kant and Martyr Motahhari

In this paper, we aim to present a model and model of moral education based on the requirements of human dignity from the perspective of Immanuel Kant and Morteza Motahari. Therefore, at the outset, the concept of dignity and the content of the word human dignity and it More

In this paper, we aim to present a model and model of moral education based on the requirements of human dignity from the perspective of Immanuel Kant and Morteza Motahari. Therefore, at the outset, the concept of dignity and the content of the word human dignity and its importance are analyzed in Kant and Motahari. Finally, moral education based on the requirements of human dignity (educational implications of human dignity requirements), using the tools of the works of these two Muslim scholars And the Christian has been analyzed Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

97 - The Religious Origins of the Ethics of the Ancient Iranians
Khalil Hakimifar Hamid Eskandari

In some historical works, particularly those by the Greek historians, the ethics of ancient Iranians and their avoidance of falsehood have thoroughly been discussed. These historians have clearly found the ethical principles of the Iranians worthy of attention. The basi More

In some historical works, particularly those by the Greek historians, the ethics of ancient Iranians and their avoidance of falsehood have thoroughly been discussed. These historians have clearly found the ethical principles of the Iranians worthy of attention. The basic question is whether the ethical principles of the ancient Iranians had religious origins. To what extent were the religions of ancient Iran involved in this case? Which religion’s teachings had provided the most support for their ethical teachings? In response to the above question and by comparative and analytical study, this hypothesis is evaluated that the origin of ethical rules in ancient Iran was the fundamental and ancient principle of "Asha" and this principle has been confirmed in Zoroastrianism as a religious teaching. The religions of ancient Iran, with all their differences, have based their teachings on this principle and have drawn the necessary lines in this field. This research conclude that the origins and moral criteria of the ancient Iranians can be traced in this way. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

98 - Comparative analysis of Tradition and Modernity from the perspective of Dr. Seyed Hossein Nasr; A traditionalist approach towards the Islamic city
Hamidreza saremi Niloofar Hashemi

Philosophers’ confrontation with concepts such as “tradition” and “modernity” have always been discussed by groups with different views and each group has attempted to define these concepts based on their own understanding of the subject and index them tailored to their More

Philosophers’ confrontation with concepts such as “tradition” and “modernity” have always been discussed by groups with different views and each group has attempted to define these concepts based on their own understanding of the subject and index them tailored to their particular worldview. Discussions on the concepts of tradition and modernity, the functions of each, the extent and intensity of each and the effectiveness of each concept in the current contemporary conditions have made it difficult to define a comprehensive and accurate definition without specifying an exclusive approach towards the topic. Therefore, this paper seeks to examine, analyze and critique the views of one of the leading professors of traditionalism, Dr. Seyed Hossein Nasr- impressed by Rene Guenon on and Frithjof Schuon and specialized in Islamic mysticism and philosophy, comparative theology, and the history of science in Islam- the issue of the crisis of the opposition between tradition and modernity in the contemporary world. Thus, by analyzing the content of Dr. Nasr's numerous publications, the concept of tradition and traditionalism, the pillars of traditional thought, traditional art, architecture and traditional urban planning from his point of view have been studied. In the next step, the above-mentioned cases will be examined in relation to the “modernist” thought. Finally, after a comprehensive critique of Dr. Nasr's views on the traditional Islamic city and the new Islamic city, final analysis will provide a valuable summary of the application of the concepts of tradition and modernity in Dr. Nasr's thought. This comparative analysis, which includes the dimensions of origin, temporal and spatial constraints, anthropology, art, artist, aesthetics, principles, architecture, architect, development, city, relationship with nature and environmental principles can guide traditionalist beliefs in solving the crisis of contemporary modernity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

99 - Open Innovation; A Comprehensive View on Concepts, Approaches, Trends and Key Success Factors
Mostafa Safdari Ranjbar Manochehr Manteghi Gholamreza Tavakoli

In the past, the development and commercialization of an innovation process used to depend on intra-organizational think-tank and efforts. Today, however, Open Innovation paradigm calls companies to also tap into outside ideas and technologies and yet mutually allow oth More

In the past, the development and commercialization of an innovation process used to depend on intra-organizational think-tank and efforts. Today, however, Open Innovation paradigm calls companies to also tap into outside ideas and technologies and yet mutually allow other companies to exploit their innovative ideas. Open Innovation is a hot topic which has outstandingly drawn researchers' and managers' attention from various perspectives in the past few years. Therefore, reviewing on a case study basis, the topic's entire literature that comprises 70 papers, the current research paper aims to cover its concepts, approaches, major trends, and key success factors. To point to a few findings of the research, the paper dramatizes new and emerging perspectives and trends in the realm of Open Innovation, successes like external networking, innovation brokers, technology intelligence, absorption capacity, open business model, and human factors such as culture and motivation. The paper concludes that managers of companies and organizations should exploit Open Innovation as a solution to confront fast changing technological trends, short technology life cycles, high internal R&D costs, and sever global competition. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

100 - Enhancing Transfer Capacity and Capability of Commercializing Technological Achievements of Research and Technology Organizations by Establishing Business Development Centers
Reza Bandarian

The goal of conducting researches in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) is for technological innovation to create new business opportunities, renovation or revolutionizing existing businesses. To do this, RTOs put the technological ideas in the path of technol More

The goal of conducting researches in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) is for technological innovation to create new business opportunities, renovation or revolutionizing existing businesses. To do this, RTOs put the technological ideas in the path of technology development and commercialization. To move in this way successfully, the balanced and consistent "scientific-technical" as well as "commercial movement of technological ideas is required. One of the best patterns to balance the commercial evolution with the "scientific-technical" path, which are seen in successful and leading RTOs around the world is establishing "technological business development center". The mission of business development centers in RTOs is to implement the commercialization requirements in the process of technology development and provide consultancy and technical, economic and commercial assistance, regarding their technological achievements to those currently entering the commercialization phase. These services include the fundamental principles of business development based on their technological achievements of their organization and for their potential and current customers. This article first points out the necessity and importance of the technological business development center in RTOs and then presents the definition and functions of those centers in RTOs. Finally ends with conclusion Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

101 - Open Innovation Process and Firms Obsorptive
GHazaleh Javid Jafar Bagheri Nejad

Open innovation and absorptive capacity are two popular concepts in contemporary innovation management literature. firms' absorptive capacity, as it has been defined by Cohen and Levinthal (1990), determines their ability to in-source externally developed technology or More

Open innovation and absorptive capacity are two popular concepts in contemporary innovation management literature. firms' absorptive capacity, as it has been defined by Cohen and Levinthal (1990), determines their ability to in-source externally developed technology or ideas. In this paper, we tie these two concepts to each other and prove how the recent insights about open innovation can advance our understanding of absorptive capacity. External technology sourcing is becoming more important for a number of reasons: Shortening technology life cycles, emerging technologies with the potential to disrupt market leaders' positions, sharing costs and risks associated with science based technology, globalization of the R&D activities as a response of companies to the greater dissemination of knowledge throughout the world, the growing importance of seed and venture capital to finance excellent business ideas, etc... These inter-organizational knowledge flows do not materialize automatically and firms have to develop skills to tap into external sources of technology. Furthermore, absorptive capacity is crucial in explaining why some companies are better than others in creating and capturing value from in-sourcing externally developed technology and technological collaboration with innovation partners. Hence, absorptive capacity and the outside-in dimension of open innovation are necessarily linked to each other. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how absorptive capacity and the outside-in dimension of open innovation can be linked to each other. We focus on the question how complementary between internal and external technology plays a role in open innovation and absorptive capacity of innovating firms. This paper discuss about open innovation around two key factors (humanity & organizational) and relate it to absorptive capacity .Then analyses conceptual model with SWOT. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

102 - Proposing a Model to Recognize Dimensions and Measure the Absorption Capacity A Case Study of Nanotechnology in Iran
Hosein Gholizadeh Alireza Moeini Ali Bonyadi Naeini Mehdi Mohammadi

10.7508/jstpi.2015.02.007

In this research some of impressive indices of absorption capacity are specified. In addition the most effective indices in creation of value from foreign technology and using probable opportunities are identified. Literature review, expert opinion considering and growi More

In this research some of impressive indices of absorption capacity are specified. In addition the most effective indices in creation of value from foreign technology and using probable opportunities are identified. Literature review, expert opinion considering and growing ideas theorem leads us to a classification for absorption capacity dimensions and finally with a gradual correction, a conceptual model is developed. Based upon basic model, a questionnaire designed with 29 questions and 600 of them distributed in target society. 267 questionnaires returned and the results with Exploratory Function Analysis (EFA) surveyed. In the first step, results showed that there are 9 fundamental factors which consist of 29 main elements and 1 fundamental factor added by using the model which designed with literature review. In the second step, 10 elements of first step had been included in 5 factors. Structural model of equations considered for both two steps. Outcomes confirm the first extracted model. The most important factors specified, are respectively: Maintenance 0.84, Exploring 0.55, interactional competence 0.46, internal capacities 0.35 and evolution 0.21. All of these factors could be an underlay for strategies decisions of Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

103 - Identifying the Factors Affecting Technological Learning in Developing Countries
Nasrin Dastranj

10.52547/jstpi.20751.16.61.62

Technological learning is defined as an endogenous way of generating technological capabilities in developing countries, reflecting the ability of an organization to effectively use, absorb and adapt external technologies, and develop new technologies over time, respond More

Technological learning is defined as an endogenous way of generating technological capabilities in developing countries, reflecting the ability of an organization to effectively use, absorb and adapt external technologies, and develop new technologies over time, responding to environmental changes. Three important features of technological learning include gradual technological change, international diffusion of technology and local technological endeavors. In this research, the factors influencing technological learning have been identified. According to studies, two main components, including technological capability (absorption capacity) and catch up strategy have been introduced as key components. Then, by analyzing the components, the main factors of each have been identified and modeled. Capabilities have been identified with a set of factors that are categorized as enterprise factors (including internal knowledge of employees, organizational strategies, and technological capabilities), national factors (including market conditions and competitive environment, culture and education, policies and regulations, and Technical infrastructure) and global factors (including fluidity, multiplicity of innovations, and complexity of technologies). The level of these capabilities will determine the catch up strategy. Understanding these factors helps to influence the speed and power of technological learning in firms and industries in developing countries. Considering the development of technological capabilities and absorption capacity at the level of enterprises with the aim of promoting the localization of technology, choosing the appropriate method for acquiring technology in order to encourage learning and acquiring new skills, as well as paying attention to the development of complementary capabilities will lead to the development of technological learning and the success of the technological plans in the country. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

104 - Effect of ICT on Electricity Consumption in Selected Developing Countries
mousa khoshkalam

10.52547/jstpi.20763.15.60.29

The advent of information and communication technology (ICT) and the use of these advances by human societies has duality effects on electrical energy consumption. First, the use of information and communication technology has led to the replacement of new technologies More

The advent of information and communication technology (ICT) and the use of these advances by human societies has duality effects on electrical energy consumption. First, the use of information and communication technology has led to the replacement of new technologies with old technologies and thus improves the efficiency of electricity consumption and, consequently, reduces their consumption (substitution effect). Second, installation, commissioning and operation of new information and communication technology equipment will increase demand for electricity (income effect). Therefore, the overall effect of information and communication technology on electricity consumption is a function of one of the effects. Accordingly, in this paper, the relationship between the use of information and communication technology and electricity consumption in a group of selected developing countries during the period of 1994-2015 was studied. For this purpose, the dynamic panel model with the PMG approach was used. The results presented in two separate models show that increasing the use of information and communication technology will increase per capita consumption of electricity energy in both short and long term in selected developing countries. Also, the results show that in selected developing countries, economic growth is the cause of electricity consumption, while there is a one-way causality relationship between information and communication technology and electricity consumption and economic growth. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

105 - The Impact of Information Management System on Increasing the Productivity of Electrical and Electronic Equipment Engineering Companies
mohammadreza zahedi Mina Hajilo Misam Amiriliya

10.52547/jstpi.20857.17.65.25

Today, productivity and performance enhancement in all countries of the world is an important issue facing any organization. Striving to improve performance and productivity is an effort to improve the lives of people in the community, so the world is divided into two f More

Today, productivity and performance enhancement in all countries of the world is an important issue facing any organization. Striving to improve performance and productivity is an effort to improve the lives of people in the community, so the world is divided into two fast-paced countries in terms of progress in productivity management. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of five-dimensional information management systems on the efficiency of companies in the field of electricity industry. Statistical population includes all managers and experts in electricity company somehow related to information management systems. Therefore, productivity questionnaires and information management systems were distributed among 4-4(?) persons. After completing the questionnaires, the data was analyzed by SPSS software and the results were analyzed at both descriptive and inferential levels. The results showed that the more productivity of information management systems was used, the higher the correlation through Pearson correlation coefficient. (Also, among the dimensions of information management systems respectively increase the accuracy of data exchange, increase the speed of processing and control, increase the speed of storage and retrieval of information, reduce organizational costs, maintain information and data security a significant contribution in predicting employee productivity. They had electricity companies). Overall, the results of this study indicate the importance of attention to information management systems in increasing productivity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

106 - Components of place quality in the Iranian-Islamic city
Hamidreza saremi Bahare Bahra

Human presence in urban places means connection to collective existence and the space perceived by them is the result of a discourse between mind and society. Therefore, the quality of interactions resulting from the qualities of place proposed in the West, with the men More

Human presence in urban places means connection to collective existence and the space perceived by them is the result of a discourse between mind and society. Therefore, the quality of interactions resulting from the qualities of place proposed in the West, with the mental qualities in the Islamic approach, will not be effective in expressing the facts of human interactions with place. Therefore, the present study aims to achieve a model of place quality in the Iranian-Islamic city and in accordance with the Islamic school and thought seeks to answer the questions that what are the components affecting the meaning of place from the point of view of the Iranian-Islamic city? What are the necessary qualities to create an Iranian-Islamic urban place? What is the quality model of the place in the Iranian-Islamic city? In order to achieve the purpose of the research and answer the mentioned questions, qualitative methodology and content analysis strategy have been discussed in a descriptive-analytical process and content analysis of relevant resources in the field of Iranian-Islamic city. The model of place quality in the present study is based on the theory of phenomenal originality of meaning based on the idea that the place form is the most basic level of human interaction with the environment. Also, it has a completely tangible and physical nature and can be considered an object independent of human presence and knowledge. Human knowledge of the environment and the emergence of new concepts following the human presence in the environment, will provide the context for the emergence of the content of the place. For this reason, place and the meaning of place in the present study are considered to have two “subjective components” and “objective components”, which are inseparable in the content of place. According to the research results, the subjective component includes three components “perceptual”, “social” and “managerial” and the objective component has three components “function”, “shape” and “nature”. These components include a total of 52 qualities of places that make the model of quality of Iranian-Islamic city and can be considered in planning, design, management and decision-making and evaluation of the quality of Iranian-Islamic urban places. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

107 - Effect of Computerized Cognitive Rehabilitation on Improvement of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Working Memory Capacity
Hossein Zare Ali Akbar Sharifi Sara Hashamdar

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of computerized cognitive rehabilitation therapies (CCRT) on improvement of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and working memory capacity (WM) in elderly women. This study was a quasi experimental design with a prete More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of computerized cognitive rehabilitation therapies (CCRT) on improvement of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and working memory capacity (WM) in elderly women. This study was a quasi experimental design with a pretest-posttest design with a control group with a one month follow-up. Subjects included 16 elderly women 65 years and older with mild cognitive impairment and low capacity of working memory at the Mehrpouyan elderly home in Behbahan city in 2018-2019. They were selected with an available sampling method and randomly placed in the experimental and control groups. Each group included 8 persons. To evaluate the Main Mental Status Examination (MMSE) (Fulestine et, al., 1975) and the Working Memory Capacity Test (Daneman & Carpenter, 1980). The experimental group was trained for 8 session with a memory rehabilitation software and the control group did not received any training. Data was analyzed with mixed analysis of variance. The scores from the MMSE and the Working Memory Capacity of the experimental group increased dramatically. As a result, computerized cognitive rehabilitation had a significant effect on the improvement of cognitive impairment and the capacity of working memory in elderly women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

108 - Stylistic Multiplicity in the Ancient Text of the Letter of Tensar
zhila dehbozorgi

Persian prose comes from the ideas and style of Iranian writers. Some writings contain more than one thought and style in its writing. Tensar's letter is a work in Pahlavi language by Ibn al-Maqqaf in Arabic and Ibn Esfandiar translated into Persian and added to the let More

Persian prose comes from the ideas and style of Iranian writers. Some writings contain more than one thought and style in its writing. Tensar's letter is a work in Pahlavi language by Ibn al-Maqqaf in Arabic and Ibn Esfandiar translated into Persian and added to the letter. This letter illustrates an example of light multiplicity in a Persian work. The question that arises is that what features of the text appear lightly despite the writings of the three authors? Tensar's letter is somewhat uniform in content, but structurally different. The purpose of this article is to identify the stylistic multiple in Tensar's letter. This query is documented. According to the research, the authors of the letter have been involved in the writing structure of the text, such as the introduction, content, and old terms and vocabulary of the first author's style, such as to approach the letter to Islamic texts, In particular, the stylistic features of the third author are a mix of anecdotes and allegories from the second author's initiative, and an updated language of literary beauty, elaborate sentences and quotations from the like. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

109 - Knowledge Based City As an Interdisciplinary Concept

The emergence of interdisciplinary approach, caused very diverse and wide composing and commingling of different areas. One of the phenomena that it’s interdisciplinary nature is clear, is phenomenon of the city. The concept of "knowledge based city" is very broad and m More

The emergence of interdisciplinary approach, caused very diverse and wide composing and commingling of different areas. One of the phenomena that it’s interdisciplinary nature is clear, is phenomenon of the city. The concept of "knowledge based city" is very broad and may include all aspects of social, economic and cultural dimensions. knowledge based city with the aim of developing based on knowledge, by creating continuous encouragement, sharing, evaluating, modernization and update knowledge. knowledge based city involved diffrent range of sciences such as economy, geography and urban planning and social sciences and many other areas of expertise. knowledge based city is depend on knowledge based development to create continuous encouragement, sharing, evaluating, modernization and update knowledge. This can be achieved through continuous interaction between citizens and at the same time take place between them and citizens of other cities. The method of this article is documentary and library research related method with aims to explore and analyze the concept of knowledge based city. The findings of this research with study few internal And external studies resources, resulting in the presentation of dimensions, elements and indicators category that related to knowledge based city and in other words, identify collaborative and interdisciplinary dimensions of "knowledge based city" concept. In terms of this paper, dimensions of knowledge based city was place economy, sustainable urban design (physical), the development of knowledge based (social) and components and indicators that have been associated with each other. This means that the economic location; components of access to skilled and diverse labor, access to developed infrastructure and location direct costs, appropriate urban design (physical), component of access to scientific and academic environment and the existence of local consumer market and ultimately the development of knowledge based (social) components of culture, have been covered sharing of the knowledge Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

110 - The Place of the Prophet in Ibn Sina’s Ideal City
Mohammad Akvan Fatemeh Mohammad

As a divine philosopher, Ibn Sina has dealt with politics in his metaphysical discussions. Apparently, he has not written an independent work on politics and has considered it to be a part of practical wisdom. In his view, the prophet represents the “ideal ruler” and re More

As a divine philosopher, Ibn Sina has dealt with politics in his metaphysical discussions. Apparently, he has not written an independent work on politics and has considered it to be a part of practical wisdom. In his view, the prophet represents the “ideal ruler” and revelation and tradition represent the law. Since, before him, Farabi has discussed politics extensively in his al-Siyasah al-madaniyyah (Civil Politics), Ibn Sina does not see any need to provide more explanations in this regard and deals with this field in short without presenting the details. However, he has discussed the quality of choosing a leader and devising laws for his utopia extensively. In fact, he has completed the same prophetic politics that Farabi had initiated previously. The present paper briefly deals with Ibn Sina’s political system in order to clarify the place of the prophet in the hierarchy of his utopia. In this way, the quality of establishing a utopia based on the “definitive text” as the best method of electing a ruler is clearly illustrated. Moreover, the authors demonstrate how the nature of Ibn Sina’s view of the caliphate and the Prophet’s successor bring him closer to the Imamiyyah political philosophy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

111 - A Comparative Study of Utopia in Islamic Thinkers: A Case Study of the Views of Khwajah Nasir al-Din Tusi and Ibn Sina
Mahdi Torkashvand Ali Khajeh Naieni

The negation of painful worldly affairs and trying to depict a purely good world in the mind of a human being who has experienced a descent from heaven to the earth has a long history. This thought has resulted in the development of the idea of Utopia by Western and Eas More

The negation of painful worldly affairs and trying to depict a purely good world in the mind of a human being who has experienced a descent from heaven to the earth has a long history. This thought has resulted in the development of the idea of Utopia by Western and Eastern thinkers. Khwajah Nasir al-Din Tusi and Ibn Sina are among the scholars who have theorized in this regard and elaborated on the various dimensions of their own Utopia. The present study was conducted using a descriptive design and examining the existing documents regarding Ibn Sina and Tusi’s views of Utopia. The results of the study indicate that the differences between their descriptions of Utopia pertain to their theoretical approach, their views of the kind of leadership and attributes of the head of Utopia, Ibn Sina’s hierarchical and class-oriented view, and an accurate view of the components of Utopia in Ibn Sina’s philosophy in comparison to Tusi, while they both agree with each other with respect to their worldviews, the conditions they set for attaining the leadership of Utopia, and compromising view of the existing status. Evidently, given the Islamic worldview of both thinkers, the findings of this study could be a useful first step for portraying an Islamic city. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

112 - Analytic Philosophy and the Charge of Anti-Historicity
Mohammad Saeid Abdollahi Mohamad Ali Abdollahi

According to some philosophers, not heeding historicity is one of the characteristics of analytic philosophy in comparison to other philosophical schools. That is why analytic philosophers are always being accused of ignoring historicity and blamed for this charge. Cont More

According to some philosophers, not heeding historicity is one of the characteristics of analytic philosophy in comparison to other philosophical schools. That is why analytic philosophers are always being accused of ignoring historicity and blamed for this charge. Continental and traditionalist philosophers are unanimous in this regard. However, the question is whether the critics of analytic philosophy can support this accusation with sufficient and convincing arguments, or whether not taking heed of history is a baseless claim rooted in an incorrect perception and insufficient knowledge of this philosophical movement. This paper is intended to explain the critic’s claims, arguments, and proofs as to historical ignorance in analytic philosophy, on the one hand, and to describe the attention and accuracy invested in analytic philosophers’ view of history of philosophy and their arguments. The authors emphasize that, firstly, one must distinguish between essential, instrumental, and weak types of historicity. Analytic philosophers might reject essential historicity but accept a kind of weak historicity. Secondly, an emphasis on the distinction of the history of philosophical problems from history of philosophy should not be understood in the sense of anti-historicity or equating the past and presence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

113 - A Study of the Rule of the One from the Viewpoint of Mīrzā Mahdī Āshtīyānī
Rohollah Adineh Fatemeh Babaeiy Adeleh Fallah

The rule of the one or al-wāḥid (nothing proceeds from the one, but one) is one of the most fundamental rules which is referred to in philosophy and, particularly, in discussions on the quality of the creation of the world. This principle has provoked several debates in More

The rule of the one or al-wāḥid (nothing proceeds from the one, but one) is one of the most fundamental rules which is referred to in philosophy and, particularly, in discussions on the quality of the creation of the world. This principle has provoked several debates in the history of philosophy, and many philosophers have resorted to it when explaining their own cosmological views. However, some philosophers have found it completely inconsistent with the absolute power and will of Almighty Truth and harshly criticized it. Mīrzā Mahdī Āshtīyānī is one of the scholars, who, in spite of being a well-known philosopher and presenting a great number of innovative ideas, has not received the attention that he truly deserves. He studied the “rule of the one” extensively and intended to demonstrate it based on several rational and traditional arguments and through resorting to various Qur’anic verses and narrations. Following a descriptive-analytic method and based on several historical documents, the present study initially explores the origin of the rule of the one and its historical development among philosophers. Next, it presents the view of Mīrzā Mahdī Āshtīyānī regarding the rule of the one and analyzes and examines his rational and traditional arguments. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

114 - The Problem of Essential Oneness and its Relationship with the Representativeness of the Unity of Concept Based on the Unity of Referent
Seyyed Majid Mirdamadi

In this paper, while demonstrating the representativeness of the concept of the one based on the single referent and rejecting the possibility of abstracting the single concept from multiple referents, the writer refutes Ibn Kamuneh’s paradox regarding the argument of t More

In this paper, while demonstrating the representativeness of the concept of the one based on the single referent and rejecting the possibility of abstracting the single concept from multiple referents, the writer refutes Ibn Kamuneh’s paradox regarding the argument of the oneness of the Divine Essence and explains the essential unity of Almighty Truth. His paradox holds true based on the principiality and heterogeneity of existences and the principiality of quiddity; however, it is refuted based on the principiality and particular gradation of existence. This study was carried out following the descriptive-analytic method and a critical approach. Its most important conclusions include: 1) Concept and referent are essentially one; 2) Abstracting a single concept from multiple referents in terms of multiplicity is impossible; 3) Common truth is the origin of abstracting a single concept; 4) The unity of concept represents the unity of the referent; 5) Attributing the title of the necessity of existence to its truth is the same as attributing an essential entity to the essential thing, and the concept of the necessity of existence is derived from the innermost of the necessary existence without a determining and causal mode; 6) Ibn Kamuneh’s paradox regarding the argument of the Oneness of the Necessary being is rejected based on the impossibility of deriving a single concept from multiple referents, and 7) If the Necessary Being is considered to be pure existence or simple, no objection will be leveled. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

115 - A Critical Study of Seyyed Sharif Jurjani’s Reasoning Regarding the Simplicity of the Derivative
Seyyed Ahmad Hosseini Sangchal Mohammad Saeedimehr

The problem of the simplicity or combination of the derivative is one of the controversial issues which, in spite of its similarity to mentally-posited discussions, has sometimes affected philosophical debates. The present paper reports on the results of a critical stud More

The problem of the simplicity or combination of the derivative is one of the controversial issues which, in spite of its similarity to mentally-posited discussions, has sometimes affected philosophical debates. The present paper reports on the results of a critical study of Jurjani’s reasoning regarding the simplicity of the derivative. In his view, whenever the derivative is assumed to consist of “shayin lahu …”, in case of attaining the concept of “shay”, interference of general accident in differentia occurs. However, in case of attaining the extension of “shay”, the transformation of the possible proposition through the necessary happens. In the first case, the differentia fails to be a differentia, and in the second case the direction of possibility is removed from the world of reality. In order to explain the quality of the transformation, a solution has been presented which analyzes the concept of portion and the role of limitation and determination in the predicate. Here, the writers, in spite of considering this argument to be perfect, clarify that the given reason for demonstrating the simplicity of the derivative is inefficient and is only capable of deriving the concept or referent of “shay” from the truth of the derivative. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

116 - Simple Human Intellect in Mulla Sadra
Furugh al-Sadat Rahimpoor Maryam Fakhr al-Dini

In this paper, through examining the meanings of the “simple intellect” in Mulla Sadra’s view, the writers have tried to clarify its specific meaning in relation to the human soul. He maintains that unity and simplicity are among the characteristics of the simple human More

In this paper, through examining the meanings of the “simple intellect” in Mulla Sadra’s view, the writers have tried to clarify its specific meaning in relation to the human soul. He maintains that unity and simplicity are among the characteristics of the simple human intellect, and that the general acquisition of intelligible forms by the simple intellect is a particular attribute which distinguishes it from other levels of perception. The simple human intellect is a name coined for the level of acquired intellect in order to, firstly, explain the specific features of this level, that is, simplicity and unity, and secondly, to emphasize the ontological harmony of the acquired intellect with the “Active Intellect”, which is the origin of the emanation of intelligible forms and is in unity with the acquired reason. Mulla Sadra also uses the term “the simple intellect” to clarify the process of the descent of revelation and considers the descent of the Qu’ran to be the product of the union of the simple intellect of the human soul with the Active Intellect or the “Holy Spirit”. It is through this union that the “Divine Pen” or the same Active Intellect portrays intelligible forms on the tablet of the prophet’s rational soul. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

117 - Apriori Differentiated Knowledge and the Principle of “the Truth in its Simplicity Contains all Things”
Rouhollah Souri

The most important realm of divine knowledge is the apriori knowledge (the knowledge of essence through the other at the level of essence). Some believe that if this knowledge is differentiated and is the same as essence, the simplicity of the divine essence will be alt More

The most important realm of divine knowledge is the apriori knowledge (the knowledge of essence through the other at the level of essence). Some believe that if this knowledge is differentiated and is the same as essence, the simplicity of the divine essence will be altered. However, Mulla Sadra considers them to be consistent with each other based on the principle of “the truth in its simplicity contains all things”. He argues that the differentiatedness and distinction of the known are other than the differentiation of knowledge itself. The order of being enjoys vertical gradation (causal), and the effect is the weakened form of the cause. Therefore, the higher level (cause) contains the existence of the lower level (effect) in a superior from (without its defects). The Necessary Being enjoys the most supreme and simplest level of the order of being. Hence, He is the higher existence of all objects, and His presential knowledge of Himself is the same as the differentiated knowledge of objects before their creation. This type of knowledge is simple but provides a differentiated interpretation of objects. On the other hand, the essence of the Necessary lacks any limitation and defect. Thus some maintain that Mulla Sadra’s interpretation pertains to simple apriori knowledge. Based on the principles of the Transcendent Philosophy, it can be said that the truth of being (the supreme existence of objects) is like a line the components of which lack actual realization. The limits of the truth of being do not fill the outside but are, indeed, true about it. Therefore, they are mortal and annihilated in the context of existence. Thus the knowledge of the supreme existence of itself reveals its own limits so that it does not result in the rise of multiplicity in essence. The meaning of “simple knowledge indicating differentiated explanations” is nothing other than what was said above. Accordingly, the realization of the limits of objects in the divine realm is like the annihilating realization of the line’s components. In other words, limits and their resulting multiplicity enjoy truth but lacks external existence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

118 - A Comparative Analysis of the Views of Farabi and Ibn Arabi concerning the Place of Ethics and Gnosis in their Utopia
Fereshteh Nadry Abyaneh

In this paper, by examining the ethical-gnostic identity of utopia in the views of Farabi (as the founder of Islamic philosophy) and Ibn Arabi (as the founder of Islamic gnosis), the writers portray the three main pillars of this state, namely, leadership, distinctive f More

In this paper, by examining the ethical-gnostic identity of utopia in the views of Farabi (as the founder of Islamic philosophy) and Ibn Arabi (as the founder of Islamic gnosis), the writers portray the three main pillars of this state, namely, leadership, distinctive feature, and the purpose behind its establishment based on the fundamental concepts of perfection, justice, and ultimate happiness. They also demonstrate that these concepts are realized in their most sublime form in the Mahdawi Medina. From among the other problems discussed in this research, we can refer to the emphasis on the place of the intellect and knowledge in this regard as well as the instances of non-utopian cities in the eyes of these two thinkers. A comparative analysis of the ideas of Farabi and Ibn Arabi indicates that, in spite of their similar views concerning the main pillars of utopia, the basic principles of their gnostic and philosophical ideas and thoughts in this respect are different. From among these differences we can refer to the place of the problem of utopia, the foundations of the development of this idea, the language used to present it, determining its referent and expressing the level of its transcendence, and the quality of believing in the necessity of the objective realization of utopia. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

119 - Creativity of the Soul and its Anthropological Principles in the Transcendent Philosophy
Fatemeh Estesnaei Seyyed Morteza Hosseini Shahroudi Jahangir Masoudi

In Mulla Sadra’s view the rational soul has been created in such a way that, immediately after having the knowledge and the will, it can actualize its intention as one of its own modes. However, this ability is of different stronger and weaker grades at different ontolo More

In Mulla Sadra’s view the rational soul has been created in such a way that, immediately after having the knowledge and the will, it can actualize its intention as one of its own modes. However, this ability is of different stronger and weaker grades at different ontological configurations and levels of the souls. In the Transcendent Philosophy, the domain of the soul’s creativity is divided into two inner and outer fields. The inner field refers to the hidden worlds of the soul and the outer field contains nature and metaphysics. A clear example of inner creativity is the making of mental forms, and one example of external creativity is the miracles done by prophets and favorites of God. Some of the anthropological principles of creativity in the Transcendent Philosophy which are examined extensively in this paper include the immateriality of the soul, the immateriality of the imaginal faculty, being a knowing agent, simplicity of the soul, and the soul’s being a supreme paradigm. Accordingly, the human soul, as a divine existent who is the vicegerent and perfect manifestation of God Almighty, in addition to its internal creativity can be everything which is rationally manifested to its mind under its control and grant external existence to mental existents provided that it becomes identical with perfect immaterial things in terms of knowledge and act. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

120 - An Explanation of the Ontological Principles, Genetic Place, and Effects of Mohammedan Truth in the Transcendent Philosophy
Mahdi Ganjvar Naser Momeni

The emanation of the First Intellect as the first thing which was created without an intermediary by Almighty Truth is one of the important problems in Islamic philosophy. The First Intellect or the First Emanated in the Transcendent Philosophy is the essence and transc More

The emanation of the First Intellect as the first thing which was created without an intermediary by Almighty Truth is one of the important problems in Islamic philosophy. The First Intellect or the First Emanated in the Transcendent Philosophy is the essence and transcendent spirit of the Holy Prophet (s) or the same “Mohammedan truth”, which is confirmed based on transmitted proofs and rational principles. Following a descriptive-analytic method, this paper explains the ontological bases of this theory in the Transcendent Philosophy while clarifying its meaning and referents in Islamic philosophy and gnosis. Some of the philosophical fundamental principles upon which the understanding and explanation of Mohammedan truth depends include the principiality of existence, the principle of the One, the principle of the noblest possibility, simplicity of existence or the principle of simple truth, and the principle of the simplicity and diffusion of existence. In the final section of this paper, based on Mulla Sadra’s works, the writers have dealt with the genetic place of Mohammedan truth in the system of being and elaborated on some of the most important effects and ontological blessings of this transcendent truth, such as mediation in divine blessing and mercy, maintaining the basis and order of the world, providing guidance towards the right path and attainment of happiness, and gaining proximity to God and benefitting from His intercession. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

121 - An Analytic-Comparative Study of the Theory of the Simplicity of Derivation in Sayyid Sanad and Mulla Sadra
Fatemeh Abedini Ali Arshad Riahi Mahmud Zeraatpishe

In some disciplines such as logic, usul al-fiqh, and philosophy, there are two main theories regarding the derivative and the truth of its component parts: conceptual superimposition of the derivative and its simplicity. Each of these two theories provides a different i More

In some disciplines such as logic, usul al-fiqh, and philosophy, there are two main theories regarding the derivative and the truth of its component parts: conceptual superimposition of the derivative and its simplicity. Each of these two theories provides a different interpretation of philosophical problems. Hence, similar to other thinkers in the field of religious sciences, philosophers have exercised extreme care in choosing one of these stances. Among the related approaches, Sayyid Sanad has provided a different view and believes in the limitedness of the derivative. He maintains that this concept potentially (not actually) consists of three components. A study of Mulla Sadra’s views indicates that the theory which has been rejected in the name of Sayyid Sanad in Mulla Sadra’s works is not compatible with what we find in the words of Sayyid Sanad himself. Mulla Sadra is mainly interested in the view of Sayyid Sanad’s rival, that is, Muhaqqiq Dawani. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

122 - Explaining dimensions of organizational forgetting and absorptive capacity
Mohammad Mohammad اسماعیل زاده هانیه حسینی

The purpose of this paper is to explaine the dimensions of organizational absorptive capacity and organizational forgetting and to examine the relationship between them. In this context, we first describe and introduce the dimensions of organizational absorptive capacit More

The purpose of this paper is to explaine the dimensions of organizational absorptive capacity and organizational forgetting and to examine the relationship between them. In this context, we first describe and introduce the dimensions of organizational absorptive capacity and organizational forgetting variables. In the following, by considering background and literature review, we provide proper hypothesis. Given the size of considered community, 257 sample was chosen. Data collection tool was two questionaries that was extracted from the literature. In the following, for exploring the research hypothesis, it was used exploratory and confirmative factor analysis. The results shows that each of organizational forgetting dimensions influence on absorptive capacity dimensions. In the meantime, deterioration dimension from organizational forgetting variable had the greatest influence on utilization dimension from knowledge absorptive capacity variable Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

123 - Telecommunications and changes in management and planning methods of future city
رضا خیرالدین امید خزائیان

Moving towards information age which is the undeniable reality of third millennium, is more fundamental than conventional imaginations about the rise of computers or virtual spaces number only. In this era, a considerable share of intra and inter-urban communications do More

Moving towards information age which is the undeniable reality of third millennium, is more fundamental than conventional imaginations about the rise of computers or virtual spaces number only. In this era, a considerable share of intra and inter-urban communications done by Telecommunications, which is not only independent from geographical and physical environment, but also is completely intangible and invisible. Significant advances in telecommunications and undermining of time and distance constraints, in one hand, dominate a new logic –space of flows- on world geography and in the other hand, define the future city as an integrated physical- virtual phenomenon. Now the key question is that in such situation, to what extent the conventional methods in urban management based on only physical reality of cities, can manage and plan the new trends of future physical-virtual city? In this research, with a fundamental approach and analysis-based method, first we clarified the main features of current management and planning by studying the basic principals of industrial society. Then by comparing these with changes in the information era, the conformation of conventional methods has been evaluated. The research shows that these methods mainly don’t have enough correspondence with the principals of the new age. This leads to decrease in the efficiency of such patterns for the future city. These Incompatibilities have been explained as three challenges faced with current management and planning methods: challenge in concepts, challenge in method and challenge in indicators. Finally, we noted to some important point should be considered in the management and planning the future city. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

124 - The Survey the Impact of Strategic Human Resource Management on Innovation Capacity
fakhrieh Hamidianpour ZAHRA HASIRI

the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of strategic human resource management on Innovation Capacity. this research method is descriptive survey experts knowledge -based firms in Bushehr province that 72 experts was selected by simple random sampling. In ord More

the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of strategic human resource management on Innovation Capacity. this research method is descriptive survey experts knowledge -based firms in Bushehr province that 72 experts was selected by simple random sampling. In order to analyse the data SPSS and Smart PLS software were used. The results showed that knowledge-based firms in Bushehr province in terms of strategic roles of human resources and capacity for innovation and other components are above average and have an acceptable situation. Other findings show that the strategic management of human resources has a positive impact on innovation capacity and the strategic management of human resources through organizational learning impact on innovation capacity as well as. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

125 - Analysis of the relation of investment criteria in the development of technology based on plan, project and portfolio Using ISM and DEMATEL
mohamadali afsharkazemi hamed soufi

Today, technology development success is a multi-dimensional concept that is linked to the dynamics and complexity of the environment. Hence, identifying fundamental performance indicators for investing in technology development is important. The purpose of this study i More

Today, technology development success is a multi-dimensional concept that is linked to the dynamics and complexity of the environment. Hence, identifying fundamental performance indicators for investing in technology development is important. The purpose of this study is to achieve quantitative and qualitative analysis of key indicators together in the correct decision-making path for investment in technology development. In this research, the criteria for success with the new approach in terms of plan, project and portfolio differences are identified, categorized and their significance is measured by a questionnaire. In the following, the relationships between the criteria with two qualitative and quantitative approaches were determined and analyzed using interpretive structural modeling and DEMATEL technique using the opinions of industrial and academic experts in two separate groups. By comparing the results of the two groups, the difference Opinions in the judgments of academic and industrial experts are characterized by two quantitative and qualitative approaches. Achieving an analytical qualitative model of how the indicators interact, as well as determining the magnitude of the impact intensity and impact and the importance of each of them based on the level of interactions, the academic and industrial viewpoints, and the determination of the suitability of the judgments of the two groups, one of the research achievements. Correct analysis based on qualitative and quantitative results of research can be a basis for decision makers to develop different scenarios in the direction of making investments Successful in the field of technology development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

126 - Social and cultural Impact Assessment of Sports Complexes: A Case Study of Narmak Sports Complex
Ma’soumeh MohaqeqMontazeri

One of the biggest problems facing cities, especially large ones is inadequate share and distribution of sports facilities due to the size of urban population and insufficient government budget. Construction of Narmak Sports Complex is one of the projects that have been More

One of the biggest problems facing cities, especially large ones is inadequate share and distribution of sports facilities due to the size of urban population and insufficient government budget. Construction of Narmak Sports Complex is one of the projects that have been implemented with the aim of developing sports and leisure areaaligned with the Comprehensive Master-plan for Tehran City and the Detailed Plan of Region 8. It also aimed to transform a polluted site into a service area.The present study seeks to identify the social and cultural impacts of this project and to estimate the positive and negative outcomes within the project-affected area. This research took a mixed approach combining documentary and field methods, and tools such as observation, in-depth and semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and focused group discussions were used to collect data.The findings of this study show that besides positive impacts such as increasing sports spaceper capita, eliminating environmental pollution, improving the urban landscape, reducing household costs, reducing perceived public insecurity, enriching leisure activity patterns, etc., this projectalso has negative impacts such as reducing market share of pre-existing sports complexes, causing traffic problems due to lack of parking space and increasing traffic jams in the area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

127 - The Relation between Human, Home, and City in Religious Texts of Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam
mohammadreza rahimzadeh zahra alebouyeh

The mainstream of the developments that have guided and shaped the contemporary human dwelling, has been the subject of concern and criticism by many diverse groups of thinkers. Many theorists have tried to re-think the concepts of dwelling and have created new perspect More

The mainstream of the developments that have guided and shaped the contemporary human dwelling, has been the subject of concern and criticism by many diverse groups of thinkers. Many theorists have tried to re-think the concepts of dwelling and have created new perspectives. Human happiness is the center of attention of all religious traditions. With this premised, it seems that an effort from this point of view can explain things that -in the current view of architecture- have been neglected or forgotten. The purpose of this research is to find out what are the principles and criterions to the body and the container of human life by referring to religious texts, and what is the relationship between the human and the container of his dwelling. The research method is comparative and interpretative, and its resources are the texts of Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam and some of their interpretations. In the first part of the article, human’s existential relation to his dwelling containorin the context of thinking based on the mentioned religions has been investigated, and in the second part, the comparative analysis of the basic differences and commonalities has been discussed. The findings of the research show that, despite the differences in categories and terms to human and the levels and scales of his dwelling, the studied religions have one thing in common, and is that they do not make a fundamental and essential distinction between city, home, and human body, as they do for the human soul, the home dweller and the city dweller and consider the same principles for all these. From the point of view of all three religions, the world in which a person lives, the body, the house, and the city, is a whole unit that consists of a metamaterial or heavenly area in addition to the material or earthly area.However, in modern thought, withthe domination of specialization and its expansion, has put forward a new approach in understanding and dealing with human and his dwelling, which is accurate but in comparison with religious thinking, in terms of the ranks are limited, different in terms of priorities, and inconsistent in terms of scales. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

128 - Sensitivity Based Static Congestion Management in Competitive Electricity Markets
Mohammad Tabrizian H. Seifi M. K. Sheikh-El-Eslami

Congestion management is deal with in this paper. The algorithm proposed is based on active and reactive power dispatches of critical nodes, determined from a detailed sensitivity analysis. The electricity market considered is a hybrid model, in which firm transmission More

Congestion management is deal with in this paper. The algorithm proposed is based on active and reactive power dispatches of critical nodes, determined from a detailed sensitivity analysis. The electricity market considered is a hybrid model, in which firm transmission rights may also be observed. The proposed algorithm is assessed and its capabilities evaluated for a typical test system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

129 - Wind Power Modeling Using Fuzzy-Markov Approach in Power System Reliability
Ahmad Ghaderi

As intermittent wind power generation becomes more significant in power generation, it becomes increasingly important to assess its impact on the generation reliability of power systems. Therefore, it is the objective of this paper to evaluate the impact of wind power o More

As intermittent wind power generation becomes more significant in power generation, it becomes increasingly important to assess its impact on the generation reliability of power systems. Therefore, it is the objective of this paper to evaluate the impact of wind power on the power system reliability. In this paper, different approaches of wind power modeling are explained. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and ARMA method are used to model of wind power output. Then Fuzzy-Markov method for wind power modeling is proposed. The proposed method is capable of modeling wind farms that have insufficient wind speed data. Finally, capacity credit of wind power is calculated. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

130 - Insurance Contract for the Transfer of Electrical Energy, an Incentive Method to Improve the Reliability
A. Khandani A. Akbari Forod

In competitive electricity market, maximizing the profit is the main objective in company’s decision making. Hence, Transmission companies (Trans Cos) are not interested in improving reliability and expanding existing structures without financial benefits. On the other More

In competitive electricity market, maximizing the profit is the main objective in company’s decision making. Hence, Transmission companies (Trans Cos) are not interested in improving reliability and expanding existing structures without financial benefits. On the other hand, consumers demand more reliable and high quality power. In this paper, transmission insurance plan is proposed as an incentive method to improve the reliability of electrical power transmission. In this method, an insurance contract concluded between insurance company and every customer. Insurance company spend a part of its revenue to increases the reliability of the transmission system and also pays for compensation of consumers not supplied energies. The proposed method is studied in a network with six buses. Results show that the proposed method increases network reliability. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

131 - A Framework for Congestion Management and Clearing of Energy and Reserve in Multiple Markets
A. Karimi Varkani H. Seifi Mohammad Kazem Sheikh El Eslami

Energy exchange among the electricity markets is a new issue in modern power systems. This issue, especially in Europe, has been identified as a market coupling. In this paper, a framework for congestion management and clearing of multiple electricity markets, in which More

Energy exchange among the electricity markets is a new issue in modern power systems. This issue, especially in Europe, has been identified as a market coupling. In this paper, a framework for congestion management and clearing of multiple electricity markets, in which the market participants can place their bids simultaneously in different markets across an interconnection, is proposed. In this framework, the markets dispatch the energy and the reserve, independently. A central coordinator entity, then, runs the allocation of transmission capacity among the electricity markets. Three methods for simultaneous clearing of the energy and reserve are also proposed. The possibility of implementation of the proposed methods in multiple markets is discussed. The numerical results for three-area 15-bus and IEEE RTS-96 test systems in a triple-market case are presented, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach as compared with the other approaches. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

132 - Control of the Interference and Increasing Capacity by Creating a Phase Difference between the Signals Sent in LTE Network
H. Mirsalari N. Neda

According to the entry of new networks such as LTE and WiMAX that is based OFDM in country, the need to research and evaluate the performance of these networks is inevitable. In this paper we investigated the performance of different frequency allocation schemes in an L More

According to the entry of new networks such as LTE and WiMAX that is based OFDM in country, the need to research and evaluate the performance of these networks is inevitable. In this paper we investigated the performance of different frequency allocation schemes in an LTE network. We first introduced the frequency allocation schemes include Reuse-1, Reuse-3, partial frequency reuse, sectoring, cell division region and soft frequency reuse, and then by creating a phase difference between two signals in a MISO channel in standard LTE, and combine it with some of these schemes such as sectorization and cell division region with the sectoring interference will significantly decreased in such networks. The simulation results show that the phase differences between the signals(which it’s called the one pre-order scheme) in MISO channel, due to the rotation of the antenna radiation pattern depending on the position of mobile users, and also the soft frequency reuse scheme for the full allocation of OFDM carriers to each cell and sending with less power for users of the cell center, leads to the substantial gain in the total network capacity, under the different traffics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

133 - Power Exchange Management for Multi-Area Systems Considering Participation of External Bus Players in Multiple Markets
علی کریمی H. Seifi

In recent years, there has been an increasing attention in energy exchange among the various countries or areas. One of the methods for energy exchange, with coordinated by the area operators, is participation of producers and consumers in other area markets directly. I More

In recent years, there has been an increasing attention in energy exchange among the various countries or areas. One of the methods for energy exchange, with coordinated by the area operators, is participation of producers and consumers in other area markets directly. In this paper, for multi-area power systems that there is a single market in each area (multiple markets structure), a mechanism for power exchange management is proposed. In the mentioned structure, the participation of external bus players in each market is possible. In the designed mechanism, the power exchange management is done by a proposed central coordinator entity. The coordinator performs the management of power exchange in an iterative decision-making process to maintain system security by using a technical approach. The simulation studies for a triple-market case in the standard three areas system (IEEERTS-96) are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

134 - A Hybrid Method for Transmission Cost Allocation Based on Effect of Transmission Facilities in System Reliability and Merchant Value
Hassan Esmaili علی کریمی

With the advent of electricity markets and the creation of a competitive environment in power systems, proper allocation of transmission cost among network users (consumers and producers) is essential to help the investment of transmission network, effectively. In this More

With the advent of electricity markets and the creation of a competitive environment in power systems, proper allocation of transmission cost among network users (consumers and producers) is essential to help the investment of transmission network, effectively. In this paper, a hybrid method for transmission cost allocation based on the effect of transmission facilities in system reliability and their merchant value is proposed. In the proposed method, first, the users' benefit in the electricity market and in other words, the merchant benchmark in cost allocation has considered. Second, cost allocation considering the effect of facilities in system reliability which are consist of factors of system security and adequacy and the benefit of users with these factors is done. For the implementation of the proposed method, the capacity of all facilities includes lines and transformers are divided into four sections consist of merchant capacity, contingency capacity for maintaining security, future capacity for maintaining adequacy and invalid capacity. The numerical results in a 3-bus and the IEEE 30-bus test system are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and compare to other methods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

135 - A New Statistical-Physical UTD Based Channel Model for Calculating Channel Capacity in Mobile Urban Areas
Ali Tajvidy

In urban areas, wireless communications suffer from severe fading due to reflections and diffraction of waves from buildings and mobility of receivers. Hence, in design of wireless networks, we need a model to predict propagation channels, in order to determine communic More

In urban areas, wireless communications suffer from severe fading due to reflections and diffraction of waves from buildings and mobility of receivers. Hence, in design of wireless networks, we need a model to predict propagation channels, in order to determine communication methods between transmitters and receivers. Most of current mobile wireless communication models are based on measurements. In this paper, we want to introduce a new statistical physical model in which buildings are considered as a fixed part of the model and the phenomena of diffraction and reflection are modeled using the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD).On the other hand, the receiver in this model is considered as a car. The position of this car is predicted using the Poisson point process (PPP). We can predict channel capacity in urban areas, taking into account the density of traffic and urban traffic by using this model. Furthermore, in order to validate the proposed model, we compared the results of this model with a statistical model based on measurements and there is a good agreement between them. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

136 - Economic Evaluation of Integrated Operation of Electricity and Gas Networks in Khorasan Province
Vahid khaligh Azam Ghezelbash Hassan Abniki

Today, optimal operation and expansion planning have gained great attention in electricity industry optimizations and coordination of electricity and gas networks is one of the main goals in this procedure. In this study, decentralized operation of electricity and gas n More

Today, optimal operation and expansion planning have gained great attention in electricity industry optimizations and coordination of electricity and gas networks is one of the main goals in this procedure. In this study, decentralized operation of electricity and gas networks is modeled on a real-world case study in Khorasan province of Iran. This modeling is from the perspective of two independent operators who seek to minimize the operation cost of their subordinating network, considering technical constraints. In this way, the amount of gas consumption in gas and electricity networks is considered as a common variable and it is compared using different methods as ADMM, ATC and centralized. Moreover, operating cost is compared in all three different methods. Finally, scenarios of increased load and second fuel have also been investigated using the obtained model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

137 - Coordinated Scheduling of Electricity and Natural Gas Networks Considering the Effect of PtG Units on Handling Electric Vehicles’ Uncertainties
Iman Goroohi Sardou Ali Mobasseri

Gas-fueled power plants are considerably effective in power system operation during peak hours due to their high up and down ramping rates. By increasing the penetration of gas-fueled power plants in power systems and development of new technologies, such as power-to-ga More

Gas-fueled power plants are considerably effective in power system operation during peak hours due to their high up and down ramping rates. By increasing the penetration of gas-fueled power plants in power systems and development of new technologies, such as power-to-gas (ptg) units, coordinated scheduling of both electricity and natural gas (NG) networks has attracted systems researchers’ attention. The NG volume generated by ptg units are stored in storages to directly supply the NG demands, or to sell in NG markets. If necessary, the stored NG volumes are reconverted into electricity which may be a suitable replacement for batteries and storages in electricity network in long term. In this paper, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed for stochastic coordinated scheduling of electricity and NG networks with ptg units, considering uncertainties of charging and discharging available capacities of vehicle to grid (v2g) stations. A test network integrating modified 24-bus IEEE electricity network and Belgium gas network including nine power stations (three of them are gas-fueled), three v2g stations, and three ptg stations is studied to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of ptg units in handling the uncertainties of v2g stations charging and discharging. Besides, the effectiveness of coordinated scheduling of both electricity and NG networks in comparison with independent scheduling of both networks is demonstrated. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

138 - Coordinated Expansion Planning of Gas and Electricity Networks Considering N-1 Security Criterion
V. Khaligh M. Oloomi Buygi

Planning for the coordinated expansion of generation units, taking into account the fuel needed, has always attracted the attention of power industry planners. Failure to coordinated expansion of electricity and gas networks will result in excessive investment and, in s More

Planning for the coordinated expansion of generation units, taking into account the fuel needed, has always attracted the attention of power industry planners. Failure to coordinated expansion of electricity and gas networks will result in excessive investment and, in some cases, defects in power supply. Therefore, there is a need to a model coordinating the expansion of electricity and gas networks, while taking into account the technical constraints. In this study, centralized expansion of gas and electricity networks is modeled by considering N-1 security criterion in gas network. This modeling is from the perspective of a central investor who, considering the technical constraints, seeks to minimize the total cost of investment and operation of the electricity and gas networks. The results of the gas network investment problem indicate that there is a need to increase pipeline capacity in some areas. In the proposed case study, the investment cost of the gas network is $19 million, while the total cost of investment and operation of the gas network is $37.19 billion. On the other hand, in the electricity grid, new power plants need to be installed in the designated areas. The results also indicate that the capacity of the F-H transmission line should be increased. Moreover, considering the N-1 criterion for gas pipeline outages, the power grid would prefer to install about 3200 MW of new generation units all around the grid thereby boosting the power network against pipeline outages. However, 2400 MW of new generating units would be adequate when N-1 criterion is omitted. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

139 - A New Method for Performance Evaluation of Wind Turbines and Wind Farms Using Extended Capacity Factor – Case Study of Manjil Wind Farm
Hamed Delkhosh Mostafa Parniani

Nowadays, with the increasing share of wind power in electrical energy sector, performance evaluation indices are of great importance. Such indices can lead to optimal utilization of invested capital and effective development of existing wind farms. Despite having some More

Nowadays, with the increasing share of wind power in electrical energy sector, performance evaluation indices are of great importance. Such indices can lead to optimal utilization of invested capital and effective development of existing wind farms. Despite having some of the required characteristics, the capacity factor based on traditional definition has some limitation. This study aims to extend the concept of capacity factor and presents a comprehensive formulation in order to calculate this index using measured and simulated data for one turbine, all turbines connected to a feeder or a busbar, and all turbines of a wind farm. This formulation also provides a framework for calculating the capacity factor in various time periods (annual, seasonal, monthly, etc.) and different time slots (all hours, special hours, hourly, etc.). As a case study, performance of the installed wind turbines in Manjil wind farm is investigated over an operation period using both measured and simulated data. Performance evaluation of the farm is also carried out with a newer variable speed type. Moreover, capacity factors of the feeders, busbars, and the entire farm are calculated using the turbines simulated data as well as measured data of the feeders over an operation period, and various results of exploring the obtained capacity factors are presented. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of newly presented method for the performance evaluation of wind turbines and wind farms based on extended concept of capacity factor. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

140 - Robust Planning of False Data Injection Attack on Electricity Markets in Smart Grids
Hamed Badrsimaei R. Hooshmand Soghra Nobakhtian

False data injection attack (FDIA) is a destructive cyber threat to the economic performance of electricity markets in smart grids. A cyber attacker can make a huge financial profit by implementing an FDIA through penetrating the virtual transactions of the electricity More

False data injection attack (FDIA) is a destructive cyber threat to the economic performance of electricity markets in smart grids. A cyber attacker can make a huge financial profit by implementing an FDIA through penetrating the virtual transactions of the electricity markets and manipulating electricity prices. In this paper, a new approach to planning an absolutely stealthily FDIA is presented with the aim of achieving maximum financial profit from the perspective of a cyber attacker participating in virtual transactions from two markets of day-ahead (DA) and real-time (RT). A common hypothesis in studies of FDIAs against electricity markets is that the attacker has complete information about the smart grid. But the fact is that the attacker has limited resources and can hardly access all the network information. This paper proposes a robust approach in designing an attack strategy under incomplete network information conditions. In particular, it is assumed that the attacker has uncertainties about the network modeling matrices. The validity of the proposed method is evaluated based on the IEEE 14-bus standard system using the Matpower tool. Numerical results confirm the relative success of the proposed attack in cases of varying degrees of incomplete information. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

141 - The Role of Intellectual Capital and Learning Organizational Culture on Capacity for Organizational Learning and Knowledge Creation among Medical Staff of Imam Reza Hospital
abolfazl ghasemzadeh alishahi مهدی کاتب زهرا حیدری زاده

The hospitals are the most interactive organizations. Their interactions can lead to learn and knowledge-creation of human resources if so the direction of its culture is to the learning organization direction. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of intelle More

The hospitals are the most interactive organizations. Their interactions can lead to learn and knowledge-creation of human resources if so the direction of its culture is to the learning organization direction. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of intellectual capital on organizational learning capacity and knowledge-creation in health organizations. In this regard, addressing the mediator of the learning organization is a priority. The methodology of this research was descriptive– correlative method–; and the statistical population was included of the medical staff. A sample of 200 employees from 800 personal of statistical universe, using Cochran formula, was used. To collect the data, Standard questionnaires– their validity and reliability approved in the earlier internal and external researches- were used, such as intellectual capital of Bontise (2004), learning organization culture of Yang (2004), Knowledge Creation of Choi and Lee (2002) and organizational learning capacity of Chiva (2007). In order to evaluate the relationship between latent variables measured in the conceptual model, structural equation modeling techniques were used. The findings showed the highest level of correlation was between intellectual capital and organizational learning capacity (.77) and the lowest level of correlation between intellectual capital and learning organization culture (.56). As well as, the role of mediator of learning organization culture in this study was approved Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

142 - Explorating and Validating the Talent Management’ Model in Academic Organizational Capacity: A Mixed Method Research
jafar torkzadeh فاطمه زینعلی Mehdi Mohammadi GHasem Salimi

The purpose of this study was Explorating and Validating the Talent Management’ Model in Academic Organizational Capacity. The research design was a sequential exploratory mixed method and research method in the qualitative sector Meta-synthesis. Data were extracted fro More

The purpose of this study was Explorating and Validating the Talent Management’ Model in Academic Organizational Capacity. The research design was a sequential exploratory mixed method and research method in the qualitative sector Meta-synthesis. Data were extracted from 63 qualitative studies, which included 120 validated internal and external scientific databases and criteria for inclusion. After analyzing the data, 16 basic themes related to talent management were identified. Then, 16 basic themes were grouped into 4 first level organizing themes including human resource management, human resource competencies, student management, and job responsibilities of faculty members, and accordingly the themes network was drawn up. In the quantitative part, the research method was descriptive survey and the research variables included the dimensions of talent management. The statistical population in this section consisted of managers and heads of different departments of universities across the country who were selected as the research participants using purposeful sampling approach and key informants sampling method, 60 people were selected as research participants. The research instrument is a researcher-made scale of talent management model that is derived from the qualitative stages of the research. Confirmatory factor analysis, correlation of each item with total score and Cronbach's alpha were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that according to the respondents' viewpoints, the job responsibilities of the faculty members of Human Resources Management and Human Resources Competencies had the highest to the least explanatory power, respectively. It should be noted that student management does not explain talent management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

143 - Increasing Image Quality in Image Steganography Using Genetic Algorithm and Reversible Mapping
Saeed TorabiTorbati مرتضی خادمی عباس ابراهیمی مقدم

One of the evaluation methods for image steganography is preserving cover image quality and algorithm imperceptibility. Placing hidden information should be done in such a way that there is minimal change in quality between the cover image and the coded image (stego ima More

One of the evaluation methods for image steganography is preserving cover image quality and algorithm imperceptibility. Placing hidden information should be done in such a way that there is minimal change in quality between the cover image and the coded image (stego image). The quality of the stego image is mainly influenced by the replacement method and the amount of hidden information or the replacement capacity. This can be treated as an optimization problem and a quality function can be considered for optimization. The variables of this function are the mappings applied to the cover image and the hidden information and location of the information. In the proposed method, by genetic algorithm and using the two concepts of targeted search and aimless search, the appropriate location and state for placement in the least significant bits of the cover image are identified. In this method, hidden information can be extracted completely and without error. This feature is important for management systems and cloud networks that use steganography to store information. Finally, the proposed method is tested and the results are compared with other methods in this field. The proposed method, in addition to maintaining the stego image quality, which is optimized based on PSNR, has also shown good performance in examining histogram and NIQE statistical criteria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

144 - Evaluation of Technology in the architecture of Contemporary residential complexes (Case Study: Complexes of Tehran City from the Pahlavi Period until Today)
Sonya Silvayeh abbas ghaffari Maziar Asefi Abbas Yazdanfar

Residential architecture in Iran, and especially in the city of Tehran, has been changing since the beginning of the Pahlavi government. that, this developments were incomplete and led to the conversion of traditional, single-unit buildings into apartment complexes with More

Residential architecture in Iran, and especially in the city of Tehran, has been changing since the beginning of the Pahlavi government. that, this developments were incomplete and led to the conversion of traditional, single-unit buildings into apartment complexes with vertical living. In the meantime, one of the most important factors influencing these developments is the new technologies resulting from the industrial revolution, which as a powerful factor, has in turn created undesirable developments. Because today, despite the fact that buildings have become more suitable and better due to the development of newer equipment and materials, it has adopted an intimate and inhumane design process. Therefore, this study reflects the impact of technology on the architecture of residential complexes in the contemporary period and during the two periods of Pahlavi and the Islamic Revolution, to achieve this, in the theoretical part with a qualitative approach and library studies and using the analytical-descriptive method, a theoretical framework is provided. In the practical part, the mentioned theoretical framework is evaluated through SPSS statistical program and finally personal analysis by field studies and questionnaire compilation. The research findings indicate that; there is a relatively weak relationship between the independent variable of "hard tools" from the discussion of technology and dependent variable of "residential complex" in the Pahlavi period compared to the period of the Islamic Revolution, but for the period of the Islamic Revolution, this relationship is more visible and stronger. So that the intensity of this relationship in the Pahlavi period with an average of 0.207 and in the Islamic Revolution with an average of 0.390. Among the significant issues; the important of "interior architecture/plan" in both mentioned periods is higher than the other two discussions, i.e. "interior decoration" and "area/ facade" in the architecture of complexes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

145 - Explanation the Dimensions and Components of an appropriate pattern of Earthquake Disaster Management in Deteriorated Urban Areas in Tehran city
asad razani Kamal Nozari Mojtaba Rafiyan

Due to the high vulnerability of deteriorated urban areas, a systematic precaution is needed to provide features and components of an effective pattern for disaster management in these areas that clarify the dimensions of decision-making in earthquake risk management in More

Due to the high vulnerability of deteriorated urban areas, a systematic precaution is needed to provide features and components of an effective pattern for disaster management in these areas that clarify the dimensions of decision-making in earthquake risk management in them. The purpose of this research is to investigate the dimensions and components of an appropriate disaster management pattern in deteriorated urban areas in order to control and reduce the damage caused by the earthquake in the period before its occurrence (prevention stage) in deteriorated urban areas in Tehran. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, and because it tries to establish a relationship between the dimensions and components of earthquake disaster management in deteriorated urban areas, it is exploratory. After identifying the dimensions and components of the disaster management pattern in deteriorated areas in documentary studies (theoretical foundations, Iranian and global experiences). It has been accurate and prioritized by referring to experts and proprietors. In the next step, the coefficient of significance of each component is specified and the results of the questionnaires evaluated and validated in content by using the PLS software. The results of the research show that in the field of disaster management in the deteriorated urban areas of Tehran. It is necessary to have a risk management and pre-thinking and pre- disaster management view before looking at the disaster management with a post- disaster view in these areas. In the pre-disaster stage, attention to different dimensions and considering the effective components of each of these dimensions in disaster management (social and cultural, physical-environmental, economic, structural and managerial, legal- rule and infrastructures dimensions) in deteriorated urban areas and their application can ultimately lead to decreasing vulnerability and promoting the resilience of these area in the face of various events, including the earthquakes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

146 - Philosophical Training of Children
Hosein Ataie

Plato in his Republic and Laws while describing the foundations of his ideal city, stressed that the training of people should commence from their childhood. Drawing attention to children as started from earlier ages extended to the contemporary period as well. Here a q More

Plato in his Republic and Laws while describing the foundations of his ideal city, stressed that the training of people should commence from their childhood. Drawing attention to children as started from earlier ages extended to the contemporary period as well. Here a question may arise as why did philosophers concern about the training of children? Whether children also should follow the same ethical rules that elders do or they have to follow particular ethical rules? The present article, with reference to Islamic-Iranian thinking, tries to study the importance of philosophical approach in training children, and stress the necessary of philosophical training in religious training and outline the principles of philosophical training. But first the concept of training should be clarified. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

147 - The effect of tourism on increasing the income of villagers Case study: Villages of Chabaksar section of Rudsar city
sabere salahkar

t For countries like Iran, oil revenues are considered an economic rent that does not have any direct inductive effects in terms of raising the level of production in the economy. While the tourism industry is chained to some economic activities and its prosperity, in t More

t For countries like Iran, oil revenues are considered an economic rent that does not have any direct inductive effects in terms of raising the level of production in the economy. While the tourism industry is chained to some economic activities and its prosperity, in terms of increasing revenues in the economy of the host country has a significant impact. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of tourism on increasing the income of the studied villages, which has been done by survey and descriptive-analytical methods. The statistical population of the study is the residents of 7 selected tourist villages from Siakhlorud and Oshian districts of Chabaksar district of Rudsar city, which according to Cochran's formula, 331 people have been done using stratified sampling method. Questionnaire is the most important data collection tool in the present study, the validity of which has been confirmed by technical experts and the reliability of the research tool has been confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 94%. Explained with a mean of 3.79 and standard deviation of 0.51. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

148 - Social and cultural impact assessment of the construction project of ImamZadeh Hassan Boulevard pedestrian zone in Karaj
e d رحمان جهانی دولت‌آباد

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the construction of sidewalks in the area of Imamzadeh Hassan Boulevard in Karaj. This sidewalk is about 300 meters long and is located between the holy shrine of Imamzadeh Hassan and Quds Square in the agenda o More

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the construction of sidewalks in the area of Imamzadeh Hassan Boulevard in Karaj. This sidewalk is about 300 meters long and is located between the holy shrine of Imamzadeh Hassan and Quds Square in the agenda of Karaj Municipality. The theoretical model of the research is based on the concept of “sidewalk as an urban public space” inorder to use the opinions of experts in various fields as well as field observations has been used. The theoretical model of the research is based on the concept of “sidewalk as urban public space”.In order to evaluate the consequences of the action, various quantitative and qualitative methods, including surveying in the field of project intervention, interviews with various stakeholders, using the opinions of experts in various fields, and field observations have been performed. Consequences assessment has been done in the form of two scenarios, including passive scenario (status quo) and minimum scenario (status quo adjustment) and in assessing each of the scenarios, the consequences of the action in three areas including traffic, social and institutional context has examined. The results show that the area under study in the current situation has many problems including traffic, social and institutional issues. If the first scenario is realized and this situation continues in all three areas, we will see the complete dominance of negative effects on the positive effects, including traffic issues, opposition and dissatisfaction of residents and increasing social harms. If the first scenario is realized (adopting a passive approach) in any of the three areas of traffic, institutional and social, the favorable situation for the study area is not predicted. In other words, the area in question in the current situation faces challenges that necessitate a change in this area. While, the results show that the implementation of any maximum action in the area under review is also far from expected due to the lack of legal, operational and financial contexts. Therefore, the proposed plan of Ataf introduces the adoption of a minimal approach in the implementation of the road construction project as a desirable option. If the city managers approve and decide on the implementation of the road construction project, this plan is based on the idea that this project will be designed and implemented in two independent phases but with common goals. In the first phase, a set of pre-implementation corrective measures is considered and in the second phase, undergraduate and specialized studies are on the agenda. In this vein, Ataf Group has tried to provide solutions for better implementation of each of these phases. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

149 - Social and cultural impact assessment of city of Tehran’s homeless shelters
سمیه مومنی هادی درویشی

The purpose of the study is to assess social and cultural impacts of Homeless Housing Assistance Center of Tehran Naft District 5th District Municipality And providing Corrective and compensatory solutions to make this project work better. The descriptive-analytical met More

The purpose of the study is to assess social and cultural impacts of Homeless Housing Assistance Center of Tehran Naft District 5th District Municipality And providing Corrective and compensatory solutions to make this project work better. The descriptive-analytical method has been used with stakeholder analysis approach to achieve this goal. On the one hand, it can be said the negative impact of Farahzad Valley’s neighborhoods on the function and the image of the businessman by regarding the geographical scope of the impact of the surrounding environment of Homeless Housing Assistance Center On its function as The main focus of the social damage is the Naft area By creating urban defenseless spaces, The presence of homeless people And trash exacerbation On the function and the image of Homeless Housing Assistance Center And on the other hand, in the social domain, one can claim that If one of the main goals of the construction of Homeless Housing Assistance Center is to prevent the deaths of addicted and homeless people in public roads and to preserve urban furniture and to eliminate these people from the city’s face rather than rehabilitation, The findings and data of the research indicate the success of the 5th District Municipality in creating a comfortable dormitory space for clients. But, in the end, two main damage to the function of the Homeless Housing Assistance Center can be identified: 1. becoming Homeless Housing Assistance Center to Permanent residence of clients and their precipitate and 2. Discontinuing the Empowerment Cycle of Clients and as a result the loss of Retrospective nature of the collection. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

150 - The relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and urban sustainable development by using the pattern of entrepreneurial city
Babak Ziyae mehran rezvani Mohammad Eynolghozat

With the increase of urbanization, many economic and social problems have arisen, so the urban management system using various tools and policies to create sustainable development in metropolitan areas. One of these policies is the development of the entrepreneurial cit More

With the increase of urbanization, many economic and social problems have arisen, so the urban management system using various tools and policies to create sustainable development in metropolitan areas. One of these policies is the development of the entrepreneurial city. The aim of this study is to explain the role of corporate entrepreneurship in the process of forming an entrepreneurial city as a strategy for sustainable development. Also; the role of corporate entrepreneurship in creating the necessary infrastructure to create an entrepreneurial city has been contemplated. The research method is qualitative and grounded theory as an emergent method is used, so that first qualitative data were obtained by examining the research background and using the systematic review method and also using content analysis tools, collection and the basic structure of classification of variables. Then, according to the life experience of the authors of the research, each of whom has scientific and practical expertise in the field of this research, the main variables and components of the research were extracted and finally the conceptual model of the research was obtained. Findings showed that while classifying the components into three categories: 1- structural conditions 2- social interaction of agents and structure 3- outcomes; The entrepreneurial city is proposed as a new policy in the sustainable development of metropolises that the entrepreneurial city is a new policy in sustainable development of metropolises and one of the ways to create it is the development of corporate entrepreneurship so that corporate entrepreneurship and economic performance of metropolises have a positive and significant relationship with each other. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

151 - The Role of Religious tourism in The Planning System of Qom City
esmail aliakbari Seyed Mehdi Musa Kazemi ali nejat torkaman

Religious tourism is a type of tourism in which participants are motivated by religious reasons. The aim of the research is to investigate the role of religious tourism in the planning system of Qom city. This research has been developed in terms of practical purpose an More

Religious tourism is a type of tourism in which participants are motivated by religious reasons. The aim of the research is to investigate the role of religious tourism in the planning system of Qom city. This research has been developed in terms of practical purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method. The data obtained from the research was collected by documentary and field method based on the opinions of 35 experts and using a researcher-made questionnaire. The research findings showed; Religious tourism is not directly mentioned in any document or development plan until the fifth plan. The prioritization of the components showed that the shrine of Hazrat Masoumeh (PBUH), the Jamkaran Mosque and religious places are known as the most important components in the development of the landuses of Qom city, and the planners and officials of the regional levels and the national and local level planners have the lowest rank among the components according to the experts. Also, the results of the research showed that the planning system's attention to religious tourism in Qom city and the whole country is moderate to low. Concluding, as a social and cultural reality, religious tourism plays an essential role in the sustainable development of Qom and the country's tourism, and executives, planners and activists can provide reasons for the development of religious tourism in its various dimensions by preparing and implementing development plans. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

152 - Sonic wave velocity estimation using intelligent system and multi resolution graph base clustering: A case study from one of Iranian south field
مرتضی نوری مینا کریمی خالدی

Abstract Compressional and shear velocity are two fundamental parameters, which have many applications in petrophysical, geophysical, and geomechanical operations. These two parameters can be obtained using Dipole Sonic Imaging tool (DSI), but unfortunately this tool More

Abstract Compressional and shear velocity are two fundamental parameters, which have many applications in petrophysical, geophysical, and geomechanical operations. These two parameters can be obtained using Dipole Sonic Imaging tool (DSI), but unfortunately this tool is run just in few wells of a field. Therefore it is important to predict compressional and shear velocity indirectly from the other conventional well logs that have good correlation with these parameters in wells without these logs. Classical methods to predict the mentioned parameters are utilizing correlations and regression analysis. However, the best tool is intelligent systems including Artificial Neural Network, Fuzzy Logic, Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System, and Multi resolution graph base clustering for performing such tasks. In this paper 1321 data points from Kangan and Dalan formations which have compressional and shear velocity are used. These data are divided into two groups: 995 and 326 data points were used for construction of intelligent systems and model testing, respectively. The results showed that despite differences in concept, all of the intelligent techniques were successful for estimation of compressional and shear velocities. The Multi resolution graph base clustering. The method had the best performance among the others due to precise clustering the data points. Using this method, the compressional and shear velocity were correlated with correlation factor of 0.9505 and 0.9407, respectively. The developed model does not incorporate depth or lithological data as a part of the inputs to the network. This means that utilized methodology is applicable to any field. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

153 - Application of Kuster and Toksoz equations in inverse modeling technique to estimate the percentages of pore types in carbonate rocks
اصغر نادری مصطفی حیدری ایرج مداحی ناصر کشاورز فرج خواه

The most prominent parameter of seismic studies is seismic wave velocity. This parameter is influenced by different factors such as rock properties (Compaction, age, Lithology, Porosity, Pore Shape and etc), fluid properties (Viscosity, Density, fluid type, Saturation) More

The most prominent parameter of seismic studies is seismic wave velocity. This parameter is influenced by different factors such as rock properties (Compaction, age, Lithology, Porosity, Pore Shape and etc), fluid properties (Viscosity, Density, fluid type, Saturation) and environment (Stress history, Depositional environment, production history, temperature, pressure, etc). Therefore, by identification, study and investigation of the relationship between seismic velocity and these parameters, properties of rock, fluid and environment from seismic data can be inferred. The main factors affecting these parameters are the porosity and pore ambiences. Many studies have been conducted to obtain and understand these relations. Most of the theoretical equations haven’t considered changes in seismic properties from pores. Therefore, the seismic inversion, AVO and pore volume calculated based on these equations, include much uncertainties. One of the equations that consider several factors such as porosity, pore type, mineralogy and pore fluid is provided by Kuster and Toksoz. In this study, using this equation and inverse modeling technique, geometry and pore type and percentage of any type of pore shape in 3 wells penetrated one Irainain hydrocarbon reservoir were estimated. In this reservoir, Spherical and Disk shape have the highest percentage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

154 - Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to improve hydrocarbon wells annular clearance space
Mohammad سلیمانی سعیده رعیت دوست

Proper drilling fluids has vital role for achieving to hydrocarbon reservoirs by using Drilling operation. Some important problems such as friction, stuck pipe, slow drilling rate, high torque and drag, lost of materials, density variation of mud can be happened due of More

Proper drilling fluids has vital role for achieving to hydrocarbon reservoirs by using Drilling operation. Some important problems such as friction, stuck pipe, slow drilling rate, high torque and drag, lost of materials, density variation of mud can be happened due of poor hole annulus and cuttings down falling that induce expensive drilling. Various drilling fluids have been widely used in the wells drilling to improve lifting capacity of drilled cuttings. In this paper, the experimental results have been studied that conducted on effect of Multiwall Carbon Nano tubes (MWNTs) as additives for lifting capacity of water based mud. The effect of Useful parameters such as amount of MWNTs used, cutting size and mud annular velocity on the drilling fluid cleaning capacity have been studied. The results show that lifted cuttings increase as the amount of MWNTs added increases. MWNTs associated with water based mud displays the stability against base mud since surface forces easily balance the gravity force and attached to drilled cuttings, resulting in increase of drag force acts to drilled cuttings and easily lifted cuttings to the surface. The MWNTs also will improve viscosity which will significantly increase carrying capacity of the mud. For small and medium cuttings, the improvement relatively simplified compare to the big cuttings. The impact will significantly Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

155 - Structural Modeling and Estimation of Tectonic Stresses at Lali Oilfield in Dezful Embayment
Nasrin kianizadeh Behzad Zamani Rahym khadkhodayi Hoseyn Talebi

Structural geological study is one of the most important stages of an oilfield exploration and production (E&P) program, since a knowledge of existing structures can play a fundamental role in the oilfield development plan. The main purpose of this study is to create More

Structural geological study is one of the most important stages of an oilfield exploration and production (E&P) program, since a knowledge of existing structures can play a fundamental role in the oilfield development plan. The main purpose of this study is to create three-dimensional (3D) structural models to determine direction of tectonic stresses at Lali oilfield using subsurface geophysical data. The study area is located within the so-called Dezful Embayment (northern Khuzestan Province, Iran). Accordingly, in order to provide a 3D model of the reservoir, geostatistical tools in Petrel Software were utilized. Incorporating density log data into several coded formulations in MS Excel Software, the reservoir had its modulus of elasticity calculated. Subsequently, maximum and minimum horizontal stresses were calculated using poroelastic equations. Fault modeling results showed that, fault dip increases with increasing the depth towards the center of the field. Obtained values of stress using the poroelastic equations show that σ_H>σ_h>σ_v, confirming a regional reverse stress regime, which is consistent with previous studies in this area. Also, the formal stress ratios (Φ = (σ2-σ3) / (σ1-σ3)) obtained from poroelastic equations and inverse analysis method were found to be well-correlated across the area. Finally, average azimuth of the reverse faults on the southern limb (as calculated by Petrel) and the fractures on the limb (as obtained from FMI images and core samples) were found to be N305 and N315, respectively (average = N310). Thus, N040E was inferred to be the average direction of principal stress, i.e. principal stress is mostly directed along a NE-SW axis (perpendicular to the general trend of Zagros Orogeny); this is probably a result of the activities of youngest Zagros orogeny phase. The agreement between the obtained principal stress directions by fractures, faults, and focal mechanism of earthquakes across the World Stress Map (WSM) confirms the validity of this study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

156 - Analysis Correlation of Seismo-Tectonic in Bakharden-Quchan Zone with Geometry Disorders of Earthquakes
Javad Biglari abbas kangi abdolreza jafarian

The most seismic activities have observed around and along major fault systems of this zone in NE Iran that involving of an array active right lateral-strike slip faults have distributed by trending NW-SE. neotectonic activity and mechanism changing of faults to reverse More

The most seismic activities have observed around and along major fault systems of this zone in NE Iran that involving of an array active right lateral-strike slip faults have distributed by trending NW-SE. neotectonic activity and mechanism changing of faults to reverse trusting faults have caused to increase stress, shortening and increasing seismicity with high density of earthquakes in their ends bending. Structural relation faults between this zone and Binaloud through Meshkan thrusting-transfer zone which is major motion engine of Bakharden-Quchan zone to put it constantly under neotectonic stresses convergence of Arabia-Eurasia plates since last phase Alpine orogeny. In this paper Fractal analysis through box counting method has done and D values change between 0-2. If D closes to zero, faults an earthquakes are focusing in a point with high tension and if D closes to 2 is shown low tension, dispersal faults and earthquakes in whole of region. Both surface/volume fractal dimension distribution show higher seismicity activity in Central and Western parts of Kopeh Dagh in NE Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

157 - Management of Iranian-Islamic Cities with a Knowledge-based City Approach (Case Study: Shiraz)
Mehrab Shahrivar hossein kalantari khalil abad Gholamreza Latifi

The city of knowledge is one of the created concepts of the new millennium. Although signs of the concept of the city of knowledge can be traced back to a decade ago, but since the 21st century, cities around the world have moved towards the concept of knowledge-based d More

The city of knowledge is one of the created concepts of the new millennium. Although signs of the concept of the city of knowledge can be traced back to a decade ago, but since the 21st century, cities around the world have moved towards the concept of knowledge-based development. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze the level of managerial capabilities and technological capabilities and infrastructure of the knowledge-based city in Shiraz, which was done using a mixed research method (qualitative and quantitative). The dimensions and components of the knowledge-based city were first measured through a qualitative study (content analysis) based on the qualitative characteristics of the research and then a quantitative study was performed using the IPA technique (importance and performance). After these studies, the importance of the components identified in the first stage of the research was determined. Using data analysis, the priority matrix for improving knowledge-based indicators in Shiraz was also determined. The results also showed that the most important priority of Shiraz is awareness and increasing the knowledge of citizens with weight (0.158). On the other hand, decreasing paper services by weight (0.138) and increasing online services by weight (0.112) were correlated with each other as the second and third priorities. In addition, during this study, it was found that the educational infrastructure of Shiraz is in a good condition in terms of knowledge principles. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

158 - Identifying problems of tourism development in rural areas of Boyer-Ahmad city
rahim javdankherad

The first step to achieve sustainable rural development is to identify its capabilities, barriers and challenges. One of the existing potentials at the local level in rural areas of the country is the capacity to develop tourism activities, which is of particular import More

The first step to achieve sustainable rural development is to identify its capabilities, barriers and challenges. One of the existing potentials at the local level in rural areas of the country is the capacity to develop tourism activities, which is of particular importance. Today, one of the ways to save villages from poverty, migration, social and economic problems is to develop tourism in areas prone to rural tourism. Currently, the tourism industry is one of the important sources of production, income, employment and infrastructure for achieving sustainable development. Rural tourism is a new trend in the tourism industry. The present article aims to identify the potentials and limitations of rural tourism development and strategies and strategies for tourism development in rural areas. Problems of tourism development in rural areas of Boyer-Ahmad city. The research method is descriptive-analytical of survey and library studies. The statistical population consists of villages with tourism potential of this city. Results and Findings The research shows that the ability to attract tourists to rural areas of the city is very high and requires the presentation of appropriate policies by implementing organizations to eliminate restrictions and use existing potentials and capabilities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

159 - Identifying problems of tourism development in rural areas of Boyer-Ahmad city
rahim javdankherad

The first step to achieve sustainable rural development is to identify its capabilities, barriers and challenges. One of the existing potentials at the local level in rural areas of the country is the capacity to develop tourism activities, which is of particular import More

The first step to achieve sustainable rural development is to identify its capabilities, barriers and challenges. One of the existing potentials at the local level in rural areas of the country is the capacity to develop tourism activities, which is of particular importance. Today, one of the ways to save villages from poverty, migration, social and economic problems is to develop tourism in areas prone to rural tourism. Currently, the tourism industry is one of the important sources of production, income, employment and infrastructure for achieving sustainable development. Rural tourism is a new trend in the tourism industry. The present article aims to identify the potentials and limitations of rural tourism development and strategies and strategies for tourism development in rural areas. Problems of tourism development in rural areas of Boyer-Ahmad city. The research method is descriptive-analytical of survey and library studies. The statistical population consists of villages with tourism potential of this city. Results and Findings The research shows that the ability to attract tourists to rural areas of the city is very high and requires the presentation of appropriate policies by implementing organizations to eliminate restrictions and use existing potentials and capabilities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

160 - Investigating the factors affecting the mental image of citizens of worn-out tissue and ways to improve it (a case study of worn-out tissue around the Qom Grand Mosque)
ashraf mandani

Dilapidated urban structures, regardless of their different species, are the product of some negligence of urban management, which over time has become an area of the city that lacks the necessary physical stability and strength, does not provide adequate access to th More

Dilapidated urban structures, regardless of their different species, are the product of some negligence of urban management, which over time has become an area of the city that lacks the necessary physical stability and strength, does not provide adequate access to their homes and lacks Severe service suffer. For this reason, due to the low quality of life in some parts of them, the housing of deprived and rural immigrants and some non-Iranians have become and finally have become unsafe places with many social anomalies at the lowest level of environmental quality. What has faced the problem of intervention, improvement and renovation of worn-out structures in our country is the lack of a clear strategy based on the identification of worn-out tissue species and the serious determination of urban management to renovate and improve them. In many areas, contextual improvement and micro-partnership with the people living in it, offers a very desirable and sustainable method that can be done over a short period of time. Qom city is one of the cities that is clearly facing the problem of erosion due to having about 1074 hectares of historical and dilapidated texture and the residential texture around Qom Grand Mosque, due to its special location and being located in the central and historical area of Qom city and its erosion. He faces certain problems. The findings show that a survey of residents' satisfaction shows that 32% completely agree with the demolition and renovation of the building, 23% agree, 20% somewhat agree, and there are those who are interested in this area and intend to continue living in the area. 15% of the residents of the area agree with the repair and reconstruction of the area but oppose the demolition and renovation. 10% are also dissatisfied with any changes in the buildings and structures of the area. The Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

161 - Investigating the feasibility of the current situation of the new city of Hashtgerd and its implementation with the prediction of the objectives of the master plan
Leila Abedifard

The comprehensive urban plan is prepared in order to determine the development directions and formulate a plan for the city, as well as to meet its needs based on the forecasts and goals of urban development. These projects have had different results due to the fact tha More

The comprehensive urban plan is prepared in order to determine the development directions and formulate a plan for the city, as well as to meet its needs based on the forecasts and goals of urban development. These projects have had different results due to the fact that they are based on the models and experiences of other countries and have been prepared at a high cost, but for various reasons have not been able to achieve their goals. The purpose of this article is to analyze the current situation of the new city of Hashtgerd and to implement it by predicting a comprehensive plan to achieve or not achieve its goals. The research method in this research is based on the applied purpose and based on the descriptive-analytical nature. Its implementation is done by anticipating the objectives of the master plan. To identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Hashtgerd new city, library resources and documents and opinions of experts and city officials have been used. Thus, each of the four SWOT factors is identified, analyzed, and in the next step, the SWOT matrix is formed. According to the analysis, despite the number of cities in the Tehran region, there are only 5 new cities. This indicates that the new city of Hashtgerd has not been successful in attracting the population of the mother city of Tehran; Because the rapid growth of unplanned cities is more than new cities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

162 - Moral Autonomy in Taylor's Ethics of Authenticity and its Implications for Education
Mohammad ravanbakhsh

The main purpose of this research is to explore the educational implications of Charles Taylor's notion of Autonomy. This research consists of two parts. The first part addresses the ethics of authenticity from the perspective of Taylor. Based on the findings of this se More

The main purpose of this research is to explore the educational implications of Charles Taylor's notion of Autonomy. This research consists of two parts. The first part addresses the ethics of authenticity from the perspective of Taylor. Based on the findings of this section, the underlying self-reference of the idea of authenticity from Taylor's perspective is limited to the field of method and way of living, instead of content. The second part is devoted to educational implications of Taylor's view, including educational principles and other educational issues, based on the findings of the first part. The educational implications are based on the following two components: attachment and belonging. From the first component, five educational considerations are derived: Strengthening the argumentation, strengthening the feeling of self-esteem, strengthening self-awareness and self-control in moral choices. Educational implications based on the principle of belonging are as follows: firstly, consideration of the roles of social and family communications in education, and secondly, sensibility to the cultural gap between parents and children in education. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

163 - Taylor's reading of authenticity and its implications for the definition of an authentic teacher

Authenticity is a concept with a broad background in modern culture, the introduction of which is relatively new in the intellectual and cultural space of our country. During this time, some books and articles on this concept have been translated and sometimes written. More

Authenticity is a concept with a broad background in modern culture, the introduction of which is relatively new in the intellectual and cultural space of our country. During this time, some books and articles on this concept have been translated and sometimes written. There are several readings of this concept. It can be considered individualistic and collectivist reading as two important readings in its philosophical background. The aim of the present study is, first, to describe Charles Taylor's reading as a justified reading of the phenomenon of originality, which considers both individual and social dimensions of authenticity. The research method in the part of expression and analyzing of concepts is conceptual analysis, and in drawing the implications, will be practical inference. At the end of this research, the implications of Taylor’s reading of authenticity in defining one of the pillars of education, i.e. the authentic teacher, are mentioned. The implications are "involving in the active form of authenticity", "involving in the passive form of authenticity", "involving in the dialectic of authentic teacher - authentic student" and "involving in social realities". Manuscript profile

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164 - Psychological Carrying Capacity and Lake Beach Management in Zayanderud Dam
Kamran Shayesteh Zahra Sheikhi Alireza Ildoromi

Psychological Carrying Capacity differs among people based on their culture, the characteristics of the study area, and psychological and social factors. Congestion is the most direct physical and psychological indicator of the increasing number of tourists and is in a More

Psychological Carrying Capacity differs among people based on their culture, the characteristics of the study area, and psychological and social factors. Congestion is the most direct physical and psychological indicator of the increasing number of tourists and is in a close connection with Psychological Carrying Capacity. This study investigated the Psychological Carrying Capacity in the lake beach of Zayanderud Dam in Isfahan province. Visitors’ satisfaction level was coded and tested based on 16 parameters of the Likert spectrum in five scales, from -2 (Very Dissatisfied) to +2 (Very Satisfied). Safety in the area (86.4%) was the most satisfying parameter and the most dissatisfying parameter was the beach benches (54.4%). The Importance-Performance Matrix showed that except for the congestion, the beach benches, and the entrance fee, the importance for all parameters was upper than 90%, and among all, cleanliness (i.e. no litter) was the most important (100%). Perceived Sense of Crowding and Social Norm Curve (based on ICT technology) were used to define 3797 visitors and the acceptable thresholds between 1370 and 8375. To the question of how the crowd affected the visiting quality, over 50 percent of tourists responded that people’s presence increased their enjoyment of tourism activities. The results also showed that more than half of the visitors would pay an entrance fee if the fees were to conserve the beach area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

165 - Effective Drivers on the Sustainable Development of Rural Tourism with an Emphasis on Futures Studies (Awraman district of Sarvabad city)
رسول صفیاری soran manoochehri

Sustainable development of tourism requires a future studies approach. Given the nature of sustainability and the complexity of the open tourism system and its impact from trends, events, and changes (known as drivers), such an approach can identify, understand, and ana More

Sustainable development of tourism requires a future studies approach. Given the nature of sustainability and the complexity of the open tourism system and its impact from trends, events, and changes (known as drivers), such an approach can identify, understand, and analyze the complexities and the operating drivers. This applied research with a descriptive-analytical method and a prospective exploratory approach identified the most important drivers that would affect the sustainable development of Awraman (Kurdistan, Iran) rural tourism. To identify the drivers, we used the Delphi technique and selected 38 experts. The MicMac software was used to find the relationships and their impacts and effectiveness. The results showed that the tourism system of the region would follow an unstable development. In such a situation, the aggregated drivers of economic, institutional, and environmental indicators would be more effective than social drivers. The most effective driver would be an inappropriate business environment, while a culture of self-employment and entrepreneurship would be the most influential driver in the sustainable development tourism for the region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

166 - Investigating the Scenarios of non-Muslim non-Iranian Tourists of Mashhad Within 2025 Perspective
Arash Ghahreman Ahmad roumiani Sareh Nematian zahra bostan

10.61186/journalitor.35761.11.23.105

The uncertainty caused by environmental complexities has made it difficult to forecast the future of Tourism in Mashhad in terms of non-Muslim tourists visiting the city, about whom no sufficient information exists. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the trend More

The uncertainty caused by environmental complexities has made it difficult to forecast the future of Tourism in Mashhad in terms of non-Muslim tourists visiting the city, about whom no sufficient information exists. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the trend of variations in the visits made to Mashhad by non-Muslim tourists using the scenario writing method. To this end, this applied study used the analytical-qualitative approach, collecting the required data through detailed in-person interviews. In this regard, twenty-seven interviews were made in three phases with tourism experts in such fields as sociology, economics, planning, and specialized tourism services. In the first phase, the factors involved in attracting non-Muslim tourists to Mashhad were identified according to the views offered by the experts in interviews using the Delphi technique. In the second phase, the critical driving forces were identified based on two criteria of effectiveness and uncertainty. Finally, the optimistic and pessimistic scenarios concerning the future of non-Muslim tourism in Mashhad were described. The study’s findings revealed that smartizing tourism, making connections between tourism in Mashhad and its neighboring cities, increasing the number of media advertisements, improving the hospitality culture, and promoting a sense of security in the visiting tourists were the most important driving forces at the local level. Therefore, the number of Mashhad’s non-muslim tourists could be increased within the study period by improving IT infrastructure (including electronic trading, and electronic banking), introducing neighboring cities and villages of Mashhad and their tourist attractions, offering instructions regarding hospitality (especially for taxi drivers, business and shop owners), creating tourism police, and providing security in high-trafficking urban places. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

167 - Key Success Factors of Crowdsourcing in in Developing Tourism Destination Capabilities: A Case Study of Yazd City
Hamed Fallah Tafti Mahdieh Zahmatkesh Saredorahi بهاره گورنگی

Today, information technology has made it possible to solicit the views of different people with diverse perspectives and ideological backgrounds. Being one of the benefits of IT, crowdsourcing could, as an easy-to-use public opinion survey tool, be used as a very usefu More

Today, information technology has made it possible to solicit the views of different people with diverse perspectives and ideological backgrounds. Being one of the benefits of IT, crowdsourcing could, as an easy-to-use public opinion survey tool, be used as a very useful instrument wherever social participation may facilitates the identification and resolution of problems. Having carefully reviewed previous studies of the field, we found that few attempts have so far been made to induce tourists to socially participate in identifying the opportunities for the development of civilian, cultural, and social infrastructures of tourist destinations. As one of the Iranian cultural and historical tourist destinations, Yazd city has recently been enlisted in UNESCO World Heritage sites and has attracted the attention of many tourists worldwide. Having said that, it appears that its tourism capacities and infrastructures need to be developed. This study, therefore, sought to identify the criteria which could be effective in the success of tourist crowdsourcing in offering appropriate solutions for the development of tourism in Yazd. To this end, the primary criteria for the successful implementation of crowdsourcing were extracted from the relevant literature, from which 25 criteria in six general categories were screened and identified via Delphi method. To rank the criteria mentioned, the opinions of Yazd tourism experts were collected through paired comparisons, being analyzed and ranked by fuzzy network analysis. The finding of the study indicated that human resources and cultural indices with the weights of 0.28 and 0.21 respectively were the most important factors in the success of tourist crowdsourcing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

168 - Exploring Citizens View on Fast Food and Effective Factors in its Development: A Case Study of Isfahan Citizens
atiyeh Aliakbari masoud taghvaei

Having dramatically grown worldwide over the past few decades, tourism has increasingly added to the diversity of its fields. As a subset of tourism, food tourism which includes fast foods as one of its major components has attracted the attention of planners and policy More

Having dramatically grown worldwide over the past few decades, tourism has increasingly added to the diversity of its fields. As a subset of tourism, food tourism which includes fast foods as one of its major components has attracted the attention of planners and policymakers in different countries due to its functions and benefits. The required data for this applied descriptive-analytical research were collected from administering questionnaires on 384 people who were selected based on Cochran's formula. The collected data were then analyzed in SPSS software Version 22, using factor analysis, Friedman test, Chi-square, and Pearson correlation. With 13.78% of the variance reported by the factor analysis, culture was identified as the most influential factor. Moreover, Friedman test showed that the most important dimension was the physical one according to mean rank values. The results of the χ2 test indicated a lack of social satisfaction of citizens with fast foods in Isfahan. Pearson's test also found a moderate correlation between luxuriousness and increased damage to local traditions of Isfahan. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

169 - Assessing the Elasticity of Health Tourism Demand from Middle Eastern Countries
hamid asayesh mahdi kamali hadi rahmani fazli

10.52547/journalitor.35928.11.21.145

Comprising medical and health (prevention) types of tourism, health tourism is of great importance for Iran, considering the country’s potential medical capabilities (the presence of qualified practicing physicians and extensive medical and treatment facilities) and app More

Comprising medical and health (prevention) types of tourism, health tourism is of great importance for Iran, considering the country’s potential medical capabilities (the presence of qualified practicing physicians and extensive medical and treatment facilities) and appropriate natural health resources (such as hot springs, salt domes, salt lakes, and Mud therapy facilities). Moreover, the capacity of health tourism in terms of foreign exchange earnings is more than three times than that of ordinary international tourism. However, despite its great capacities, Iran has a modest share of the health tourism market, the increase in which requires the assessment of the elasticity of health tourism demand from the Middle East in terms of the relevant effective factors. Therefore, this study sought to find answers to the following basic questions: 1- What are the factors affecting the demand for health tourism? 2- What is the elasticity of the demand for health tourism in terms of such factors? To this end, this study assessed the demand for health tourism using the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) and the simultaneous equation Model. Moreover, a questionnaire was administered to 182 tourists coming from the Persian Gulf countries to express their opinion regarding health tourism and estimate the elasticity of health tourism demands in terms of relevant effective factors. The results of the AIDS estimations revealed that the price elasticity of health tourism demand was greater than one, while the price elasticity of other products and accommodation services was less than one. Moreover, it was found that the elasticity of health tourists' demand from Iran belonged to significant variables such as the tourist’s income level, visa validity, expenses, exchange rate variations, and the inflation rate. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

170 - An Analysis of Effective Factors in the Formation of Rural Tourism Brand in Kerman
Aliakbar Anabestani Marziyeh Pourjopari Ali Khodadadi

10.52547/journalitor.36040.9.17.0

The mental image of target places is the most important factor that helps tourists determine their tourism destination, the lack of which may result in limited visits by tourists. Thus, paying attention to the formation of tourism brand is of great importance. Among dif More

The mental image of target places is the most important factor that helps tourists determine their tourism destination, the lack of which may result in limited visits by tourists. Thus, paying attention to the formation of tourism brand is of great importance. Among different cities of Kerman Province, Kerman city is impoverished in terms of infrastructure, facilities, and tourism services. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influential factors (environmental, social, and economic) in the formation of the tourism brand in rural areas of Kerman city. The required data were collected through document analysis and questionnaires. To this end, the main and complementary factors were set within the framework of two questionnaires concerning the host community (52 persons) and a paired comparison with experts (24 persons). Fuzzy and MABAC hierarchical models were also used to weigh the main factors and rank the villages. The study found that the environmental factor had the highest weight with a coefficient of 0.676, and economic and social factors had the lowest weight with a coefficient of 0.213 and 0.111, respectively, indicating that enough attention has no been paid to economic and social factors in the field of tourism branding. This study's findings could help resolve the major weaknesses found in the city and reinforce its strengths concerning the tourism brand. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

171 - Investigating the Factors Involved in Tourism Intercultural Communication among Tourists: A Case Study of Hamadan City, Iran
Golnoush jabbari Nader Jafari haftkhani

10.61186/journalitor.36149.12.25.129

In today’s modern world, tourism has turned into an effective way to access the environment and culture through intercultural communication. However, despite its significance in long-term economic development, intercultural communication is neglected in the planning sta More

In today’s modern world, tourism has turned into an effective way to access the environment and culture through intercultural communication. However, despite its significance in long-term economic development, intercultural communication is neglected in the planning stages of tourism development projects. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the factors that influence intercultural communication in tourism using a grounded theory approach. To this end, the required data were collected through detailed semi-structured interviews with fifteen experts and professionals in the tourism industry of Hamedan City who were selected via snowball sampling. The collected data were then analyzed, and the results were organized under six main categories with twenty-six sub-categories. Finally, the theoretical model of the study was developed using the Atlas-Ti software. Accordingly, the main six categories of the model included personal characteristics, socio-cultural characteristics, education, producing materials and creating knowledge on intercultural issues in tourism, management and planning, the health and safety of the environment, and media and information technology in intercultural tourism communication. The results of this study propose an integrated approach for tourism managers and entrepreneurs so that they can develop a high level of intercultural communication and competence for tourists. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

172 - Designing Entrepreneurship Development Model for cultural tourism in Yazd, the World Heritage City
Mehdi Basouli seyed saeed hashemi Mohammad Hossein Imani khoshkho Seysd habib o allah mirghafouri

10.52547/journalitor.36160.9.18.0

"Due to its very nature, tourism enjoys proper grounds for entrepreneurship development. There are limited studies on the development of entrepreneurship in tourism. Among the growing areas of tourism, ‘Cultural Tourism’ could be referred to as a demanding preference fo More

"Due to its very nature, tourism enjoys proper grounds for entrepreneurship development. There are limited studies on the development of entrepreneurship in tourism. Among the growing areas of tourism, ‘Cultural Tourism’ could be referred to as a demanding preference for development in areas with the potentials for growth. This study sought to provide a model for entrepreneurship development in cultural tourism using Grounded theory. To this end, some eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the required data, out of which and 367 primary codes, 97 secondary codes, 44 concept codes were extracted and classified into ten distinct categories. The study’s population consisted of university instructors and lecturers, experts working in state-owned tourism institutions, the owners of active businesses in Yazd cultural tourism, and the professionals within the field who were selected through ‘theoretical sampling.’ Moreover, the sample size was determined based on theoretical saturation. The study’s results found via the application of the ‘three-pronged model’ indicated that factors involved in the development of cultural tourism entrepreneurship could be categorized in three general categories of ‘structural factors,’ grounds and ‘environmental conditions, and ‘behavioral factors,’ each including their own relevant components and indices. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

173 - " Cognitive mapping of components for developing people-oriented cities and their importance in tourism development: A case study of Yazd province, Iran "
Hamed Fallah Tafti saeede derakhsh vahideh hekmat

10.52547/journalitor.36163.9.18.0

"Contrary to automotive, commodity-based, and money-oriented cities, a people-oriented city is an organic and systematic city based on human virtues and commune where people are concerned about each others’ rights. In such a city, humans are the main focus of urban plan More

"Contrary to automotive, commodity-based, and money-oriented cities, a people-oriented city is an organic and systematic city based on human virtues and commune where people are concerned about each others’ rights. In such a city, humans are the main focus of urban planners, urban developers, and, most importantly, municipal decision-makers and executives. Therefore, here the biological, spiritual, and psychological needs of humans are the fundamental elements taken into account by urban management. This city, then, could unite urban spaces and tourists. Considering its great potentials, Yazd could be a good case for tourism development, building people-oriented cities, and improving the desirability of urban life. This qualitative-quantitative study sought to explore the feasibility of building a people-oriented city in Yazd province based on urban planning and the causal factors involved in this regard, intending to attract more tourists to this region. To this end, 14 interviews were conducted with tourism and urban planning experts, out of which 19 factors involved in building such a city were identified. The causal relationship between the identified factors was examined through a mixed-method approach, using the fuzzy cognitive mapping technique. The study’s findings indicated that educating the citizens, developing a sense of familiarity with the environment, and reducing environmental pollutions (soil, water, air) were the three most important factors for developing people oriented-cities in Yazd province, Iran. " Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

174 - Investigating the Relationship between Tourism and Creating a Happy City: A Case Study of Chalous and Nowshahr Cities, Mazandaran, Iran
nastaran khandan nazanin Tabrizi mohammad hasan zaal

10.52547/journalitor.36192.11.21.95

Tourism can help create happiness and, therefore, provide people with the satisfaction of life. On the other hand, the presence of a "happy host" is a fundamental requirement for the successful development of tourism, making the monitoring of the tourism-induces happine More

Tourism can help create happiness and, therefore, provide people with the satisfaction of life. On the other hand, the presence of a "happy host" is a fundamental requirement for the successful development of tourism, making the monitoring of the tourism-induces happiness and satisfaction level a key factor in any such development program. In this regard, as assessing the issue in Noshahr and Chalous cities (as two main tourist destinations in northern Iran) is of particular importance, this study set out to investigate the role of tourism in constructing the indices of a happy city in Chalus and Nowshahr. The statistical population of the study comprised residents of Nowshahr and Chalous cities. Moreover, the sample size was estimated to be 380 using Cochran's formula, and the participants of the study were selected via the convenience sampling method. Finally, the data collected from the questionnaires distributed among the respondents were analyzed through structural equations and factor analysis using the SPSS and PLS software. The results revealed that tourism was effective in creating happy cities in Nowshahr and Chalous. However, according to the results of statistical tests, the extent of such influence was found to be very poor. It was also found that tourism slightly increased the welfare, happiness, social participation, and satisfaction of the residents of Nowshahr and Chalous cities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

175 - Perceived Authenticity, Satisfaction, Revisiting, Cultural Heritage Tourism, Kourd House, Sanandaj
akbar pourfaraj sasan ahmadi

10.61186/journalitor.36228.11.24.1

While many scholars believe that tourists take the trouble to visit authentic destinations away from their place of residence, few studies have so far been conducted in this regard. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the role of perceived authenticity on touris More

While many scholars believe that tourists take the trouble to visit authentic destinations away from their place of residence, few studies have so far been conducted in this regard. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the role of perceived authenticity on tourists' satisfaction and revisiting intention. To this end, perceived authenticity was divided into objective, structural, and existential categories based on the analysis of the related literature review. Moreover, the study was conducted in the Kourd House Ethnology Museum of Sanandaj. On the other hand, to collect the required data, a valid questionnaire was administered to 224 tourists who visited the place. Finally, the collected data were analyzed through SPSS20 software using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicated that objective, structural, and existential authenticity positively influenced tourists’ satisfaction. However, it was merely the objective and existential authenticity that exerted a positive effect on the tourists’ intention to revisit the place. Moreover, tourists’ satisfaction was also found to have a positive influence on their revisiting intention. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

176 - An Analysis on Capacity Building of Community-Based Tourism in Yazd
Hosein Kalantari Zahra Pirmoradian Ali Shamsuddini

10.52547/journalitor.36270.10.19.0

The tourism industry, with its own characteristics, is a dynamic industry with a bright future. Investing in this industry could play an important role in increasing national income while being free from adverse environmental consequences. Due to the increasing importan More

The tourism industry, with its own characteristics, is a dynamic industry with a bright future. Investing in this industry could play an important role in increasing national income while being free from adverse environmental consequences. Due to the increasing importance of tourism, it is necessary to analyze its impact on other dimensions. Possessing special potentials, the Yazd city is highly affected by different economic, social, environmental, and physical aspects of the tourism industry. As the Yazd province enjoys the required capacities for performing activities such as climbing, visiting the sand dunes and sand flows, hiking in the slopes of Shirkouh, etc., effective steps can be taken for improving tourist attractions through accurate and well-reflected planning. Therefore, this study sought to identify relevant factors, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats involved in developing sustainable tourism, elaborating on an appropriate model for realizing this goal and analyzing a community-based tourism capacity building in Yazd. The required data for this "descriptive-analytical" study were collected from library studies, relevant documents, and the questionnaire administered on 50 experts and staff members of active tourism NGOs, which were analyzed and weighted using the SWOT-AHP integrated model. The investigated indices included attracting public participation (public mobilization) with a total average of 4/4, facilitating (offering information), institutionalizing and empowering local groups with a total average of 4/3, enhancing collective partnership system with a total average of 4/2, identifying entrepreneurship and job opportunities, and local needs analysis and its update, indicating that tourism NGOs possess high capacities for implementing community-based tourism in Yazd. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

177 - Critique of the performance of Islamic city councils in Iran
amir aminzadeh Jamshid Arous

One of the most important institutions in Iran in the field of decentralization and balanced development based on geographical spatial characteristics are the Islamic councils of cities and villages. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Islamic councils of the city have More

One of the most important institutions in Iran in the field of decentralization and balanced development based on geographical spatial characteristics are the Islamic councils of cities and villages. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Islamic councils of the city have been formed since 1999 and have a relatively short history. By evaluating the four periods that have passed since the formation of the Islamic councils of the city, we can point to their not so favorable performance based on the goals set in the upstream laws and documents. The present study aims to investigate and analyze the reasons for this failure in various dimensions. The statistical population of the study includes members of the Islamic councils of the city across the country, members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly and experts in areas related to the Islamic councils of the city. A one-sample t-test was used to investigate the performance of councils and to express the relationships of two variables as well as to prove the significance or non-significance of the relationships between them and the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable, two-variable linear regression test was used. The results show that centralism, rent system and ambiguity of legal status have led to poor performance of councils in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

178 - Explain the components of urban planning education with emphasis on Islamic city indicators
alireza sabermanesh hasan ahmadi naser barati

As a controversial term,Islamic city is the source of wide and continuous debates, which experienced the large changes and developments since its onset. Although, there is many doubts and disagreements on the definition and determination of the urban planning terms, suc More

As a controversial term,Islamic city is the source of wide and continuous debates, which experienced the large changes and developments since its onset. Although, there is many doubts and disagreements on the definition and determination of the urban planning terms, such as Islamic city,it has been as an academic major for more than a century and experienced many changes, particularly under the influence of social circumstances. The connection between the students and graduates of this field with the sectors of academic world and the labor market can be achieved with identifying the components of teaching in urban planning, particularly the Islamic city, which also result in the strong influence of these components on the teaching of this field.One of the ways to improve the knowledge, skills and attitudes of professors and students about quantitative and qualitative debates in urban planning is the necessity of research withfocusingon the components of Islamic city teaching. Considering the position of urban planning teachingand the need to explain the indicators of the Islamic city, this research seeks to explain the teachingcomponents related to urban planning with an emphasis on the indicators of the Islamic city. The main purpose is to identify the role and place of Islamic city indicators in the context of teaching. This research is an applied and survey research based on the purpose, and data collection, respectively. It used the method of structural equation modeling, too. Using the library and documents methods besides by using the studying and reviewing the previous works, the main variables of the model and the indicators related to each one were extracted. The necessary corrections, additions and adjustments were made by helping the opinion of the experts. Then, a questionnaire was designed based on these variables and indicators. This questionnaire let us to determine the importance of each of the obtained indicators in the form of a question and through a five-point Likert scale. We confirmed the validity of this questionnaire by the relevant experts. This questionnaire was filled by the opinion of many students in the studied area. The results show that the quality, methods and teachingaidswith a path coefficient of 5.22, trainers and lecturers with a path coefficient of 3.26, the basic factors of teaching with a path coefficient of 4.19, teaching skills with a path coefficient of 5.08 and finally theteachingvalueswith a path coefficient of 4.55 and all with a probability of 99%havethe significant impacts on the indicators of the Islamic city for the urban planning students. However, the evaluation of the findings showed that the presence of the components of the Islamic city can be important to increase the knowledge of professors andthe motivation of students and to establish an effective connection with the world. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

179 - Investigating the effects of eco-lodges on the villages of Taleghan city
sadegh saghafiasl

Today, rural tourism has become one of the most important economic sectors in many countries of the world, and governments have adopted various policies to develop rural tourism at various scales, from local to national level. ¬ کاررده¬اند. One of the branches of touris More

Today, rural tourism has become one of the most important economic sectors in many countries of the world, and governments have adopted various policies to develop rural tourism at various scales, from local to national level. ¬ کاررده¬اند. One of the branches of tourism that has been considered in recent decades is ecotourism. Ecotourism is an activity that has been considered by experts and specialists since the twentieth century and is one of the main branches of tourism that deals with rural tourism and job creation of rural residents, and it can also be mentioned that the economic factor Good income generation and socially and culturally is an effective factor for the development of rural life. Of course, the role of resorts that can play an important role in economic, social and cultural growth in rural areas should not be overlooked. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of ecotourism resorts on villages in Taleghan city. In the research hypotheses, the impact of ecotourism resorts using economic, social, cultural and geographical factors in Taleghan city has been investigated. This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and survey in terms of methodology. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Based on the results, social and cultural factors (35), economic factors (65), their impact on ecotourism resorts is higher than average and geographical factors (0) have a lower impact on ecotourism in the region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

180 - Evaluation of structural-strategic plans with smart city approach
Jamshid Arous amir aminzadeh

Structural-strategic plans have emerged following the transformation of rational and holistic thinking in the world, and have also changed the process of preparation, approval and implementation of urban plans in our country. The communication system is not that city; R More

Structural-strategic plans have emerged following the transformation of rational and holistic thinking in the world, and have also changed the process of preparation, approval and implementation of urban plans in our country. The communication system is not that city; Rather, it is how to plan and use this tool to improve the quality of life of the citizens of a city. The goal of the smart city is to increase the quality of urban life with a sustainable development approach. The idea of creating smart cities, which is a new topic in urban planning, has been proposed in the last two decades and its components have not been fully defined and identified. The purpose and innovation of the present study is the theoretical design of the smart city and the identification of its infrastructure components. In this research, the work approach is fundamental and using the descriptive-analytical method, identifying the components of the structural-strategic plans of the smart city in urban management is defined as the goal. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

181 - Land Redevelopment Planning in the Urban Historical Fabrics Case study: Zartoshtiha Neighborhood in thehistorical fabric of Yazd city
najma esmaeilpoor Fatemeh Foroughinasab

The Inscription of the historical fabric of Yazd in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage Cities, according to the third and fifth UNESCO cultural criteria, was performed in 2017. One of the strategies for the preservationda More

The Inscription of the historical fabric of Yazd in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage Cities, according to the third and fifth UNESCO cultural criteria, was performed in 2017. One of the strategies for the preservationdaily life in the historical fabric is to reuse the previous lands that have been abandoned or the ones under dilapidated buildings that have become non-productive spaces. The researchpurpose is the first, prioritizing the neighborhoods of the historical fabric of Yazd in terms of the potential of these lands for redevelopment; and then presenting the program of improve the efficiency in their use in the area(neighborhood) with the most capability. The Analytic network process, is one of themulti-criteria decision-making methods that have been used to measure the potential of these lands, and the strategic planning process has been used to plan their reuse in the area with the most capabilities. All neighborhoods of the historical fabric of Yazd have a significant share of land worth redevelopment at their central core and outskirts. Zartoshtiha (followers of the religion of Zoroaster) neighborhood showed a greater potential for redevelopment due to its social desirability, economic potential, especially in the field of tourism, and proper access. The article alsooffersthe proposed suitable uses onpotentially redeveloping lands as well as solutions for the prosperity of life in the Zartoshtiha neighborhood. This article is also an example of the application of non-productive land redevelopment planning in historical and ancient fabrics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

182 - Identifiers of City in View of the Holy Quran
جابر دانش

To understand the effects of physical, social, economic and management teachings of Islam about cities and explaining a model for the differentiation of cities in different periods, various studies have been conducted and various analyses have been presented, some of wh More

To understand the effects of physical, social, economic and management teachings of Islam about cities and explaining a model for the differentiation of cities in different periods, various studies have been conducted and various analyses have been presented, some of which consider the numerous religious references and texts on urban development. The specific nature of cities in the Islamic world and their concepts and inclusive common characteristics indicate the influence of the Islamic culture and their relationship with religious teachings. Thus, the Islamic city is a term introducing the cities influenced by the Islamic culture and values. This article, relying on references in Quranic verses to various aspects of architecture and urban planning as well as on the opinions of the commentators and philologists, has extracted reviewed and analyzed the identifiers and components of city in view of the Holy Quran while not considering the verses related to the life of the saints and eternal life. In this context, information and data have been collected and studied through analytic descriptive approach. The Holy Quran in order to avoid unnecessary and harmful construction refers to attributes such as security, peace, respect and compliance with natural and climatic conditions in urban and worldly development while also considering the ideal, perfect and absolute aspects in the heavenly abode. The style of the Quran in explaining the attributes of constructions is stressing the qualitative aspects in providing human social shelters and places. Basically, though, religious teachings do not mention detailed criteria and specific guidelines in this respect. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

183 - The Cause of the North-South Divide in European Union
Roxana Niknami

The North-South divide in Europe is one of the most pressing challenges facing members of the European Union, influencing the process of integration within the Union. The North-South divide manifest the classic European divides such as East and West, old and young, Cont More

The North-South divide in Europe is one of the most pressing challenges facing members of the European Union, influencing the process of integration within the Union. The North-South divide manifest the classic European divides such as East and West, old and young, Continent-oriented or Atlantic-oriented, and not developed-less developed. How did this divide emerge? What are the extent of it? Within the framework of governance theory, the article assesses the divide at three levels: first, structural deficiency amongst the south, political and economic corruption, gap in governance, unequal GDP and cultural-religious differences manifests themselves at national level. At regional level, the differences between France and Germany, the Euro crisis and ensuing austerity measures have affected the North-South divide. Internationally, globalisation and global crisis (es) deepened the divide. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

184 - The Cause of the North-South Divide in European Union
Roxana Niknami

The North-South divide in Europe is one of the most pressing challenges facing members of the European Union, influencing the process of integration within the Union. The North-South divide manifest the classic European divides such as East and West, old and young, Cont More

The North-South divide in Europe is one of the most pressing challenges facing members of the European Union, influencing the process of integration within the Union. The North-South divide manifest the classic European divides such as East and West, old and young, Continent-oriented or Atlantic-oriented, and not developed-less developed. How did this divide emerge? What are the extent of it? Within the framework of governance theory, the article assesses the divide at three levels: first, structural deficiency amongst the south, political and economic corruption, gap in governance, unequal GDP and cultural-religious differences manifests themselves at national level. At regional level, the differences between France and Germany, the Euro crisis and ensuing austerity measures have affected the North-South divide. Internationally, globalisation and global crisis (es) deepened the divide. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

185 - Questioning Authenticity and Cultural Identity of Contemporary Iranian Architecture Based onShaygan's Writings
Hooshang Foroughmand A'raabi Mahmoud Arzhmand

According to cultural studies, modernity exposed cities and countries to Multiculturalism and Identity Crisis. Some scholars believe that the result of cultural mixing is the fragmentation of identities. On the other hand, some scholars, such as Shaygan, emphasize on th More

According to cultural studies, modernity exposed cities and countries to Multiculturalism and Identity Crisis. Some scholars believe that the result of cultural mixing is the fragmentation of identities. On the other hand, some scholars, such as Shaygan, emphasize on the need to accept modernity and cultural communication with the west, therefore, to have a unique inclusive culture. In Shaygan’s view, the companionship of different fragmentations is called “ChehelTekeh” which means forty-piece, a kind of carpet with different shapes. Based on this view, in the contemporary history of Iran, as it faces modernity, architecture has no result other than schizophrenic enchantment resulting in the perception of Iranian architecture without any logical and coherence. Shaygan claimed that some religious aspect of life in Iran’s culture after modernity is similar to a schizophrenic culture so the spirituality of having religious beliefs in life does not act as a unifier of culture. This study examines the concept of value and Authenticity in the contrast between Iranian modernity and contemporary forty-piece architecture. Research Method Due to re-reading the concept of authenticity is a descriptive-analytical method and based on logical reasoning that has used data collection tools including library and documentary studies. The research findings show that there is a kind of schizophrenic gap in the way intellectuals and contemporary architects of Iran perceive social and cultural realities. This is because, unlike European society and architecture in which we see a clear line of changes in its history, in Iran modernity has a different appearance, so inventions in Iran’s contemporary architecture are not coherent, representing authenticity. Manuscript profile

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186 - Analysis of social logic governing the body of space in the historical-cultural context of Boshrouyeh in the Qajar era with a syntactic approach
saeede pourabedini abed taghavi hasan hashemi zarj abad

What is translation of cities is the way that this discipline entails the arrangement of different land uses suitable and compatible distribution of urban facilities beside each other as well as the roads network at the localities level. The desired neighboring of inf More

What is translation of cities is the way that this discipline entails the arrangement of different land uses suitable and compatible distribution of urban facilities beside each other as well as the roads network at the localities level. The desired neighboring of infrastructure and urban facilities on the localities has resulted in preventing the establishment of social inequalities and consequently spatial inequality and spatial inequality in the areas that have influence on the function of spatial and spatial configuration of cities in the context of time and space. The aim of this research is to read the Integration spatial behavior between man and the environment in the historical context of the city of Beshravieh in the Qajar period, which has become the basis for the emergence of spatial organization and social logic of space and correlation in the physical-functional structure of the neighborhoods of this city.The current research is applied research in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method. The theoretical information of the research has been collected from the method of library studies and using the findings, documents and documents of the cultural heritage of Beshravieh city. And in order to read the social logic of the space governing the spatial body of the neighborhoods of Beshravieh city, two quantitative guidelines (relationships, indicators of space syntax) and qualitative (idea of space syntax) existing in the theory of space arrangement have been used.According to the theory of space syntax, what was the role of physical-functional factors in shaping and developing the social logic of the space of Beshravieh city in the Qajar era? The results of the research show: the building elements of the physical structure of the neighborhoods of Beshravieh in the Qajar era were formed in order to meet the needs of the residents of the neighborhoods and in order to preserve and strengthen its cultural-social identity. And they have also been responsible for creating correlation between the physical elements of the neighborhoods. The achievement of this spatial order is the existence of spatial unity in the whole and its function in the minuscule. Manuscript profile

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187 - Basics and criteria for locating the network of passenger terminals in the city
Mohammad Ahmadi ali aram

One of the most important categories in urban planning is the appropriate location for the establishment of urban services and uses. This means that different urban activities need their own space and it is not possible to deploy them in every urban area. This is possib More

One of the most important categories in urban planning is the appropriate location for the establishment of urban services and uses. This means that different urban activities need their own space and it is not possible to deploy them in every urban area. This is possible by considering the characteristics of the uses and how they relate to other urban uses. Among the important urban uses are suburban and inner-city passenger terminals. In urban planning, determining the appropriate location for the establishment of urban uses is one of the important and effective issues. Among the important uses are passenger terminals. Due to the increase in population and volume of traffic in cities and as a result of their expansion, the traditional conditions governing the establishment of this function have been associated with many problems. Economic, social, climatic, traffic, etc. requirements are among the items that should be considered in determining the appropriate location of this user. The purpose of this study is to investigate the location of the network of passenger terminals for intra-city passenger transportation. The results of previous research in Iran show that in locating existing terminals and spatial desirability and compatibility of activities have not been properly considered. In conclusion, some suggestions for solving existing problems and modifying location patterns have been suggested. Manuscript profile

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188 - Measurement and analysis of quiet city indicators in Islamic Iranian cities (Case study: Chabahar city)
Shah Bakhsh Raisi Seyed Gholamreza Miri Safoura Abkhesht Sima Firoozi Rad Afsaneh Pourian

Islamic Iranian city is a concept to introduce cities influenced by Islamic culture, religious teachings and values. Therefore, the present study has been prepared with the aim of measuring and analyzing the characteristics of a quiet city in Iranian-Islamic cities (Cas More

Islamic Iranian city is a concept to introduce cities influenced by Islamic culture, religious teachings and values. Therefore, the present study has been prepared with the aim of measuring and analyzing the characteristics of a quiet city in Iranian-Islamic cities (Case study: Chabahar city). The research method is descriptive-analytical and in terms of purpose, it is one of the applied researches. The required information has been collected from library resources and field studies and a questionnaire. The statistical population is the citizens living in the city of Chabahar, which in 2016 had 106739 people living in the city. The sample selected using Cochran's method is 305 people. The characteristics of a quiet city consist of six main criteria (environmental protection, awareness and information, urban management, support for domestic production, city quality and hospitality). The results of T-test indicate that the status of environmental protection and hospitality indicators is higher than the normal or average level and is in an unsuitable condition for urban management and awareness and information indicators. The status of the local production support index is relatively unsatisfactory and the quality index of the city is relatively suitable. Also, based on the results of Kendall concordance test, it was determined that the hospitality index with an average rank of 4.39 has the highest average and the best rank, then environmental protection with an average rank of 3.92 and the quality of the city with an average rank of 3.07 ranks. The next ones were dedicated to themselves. In this regard, the awareness and information index with an average rank of 2.95 has the lowest rank among the research indicators in the field of quiet city in Chabahar. Finally, based on the results of factor analysis, the highest factor load was obtained for the city quality index with a rate of 0.897, environmental protection with a rate of 0.893 and support for local products with a rate of 0.873, respectively. Manuscript profile

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189 - Assessing and evaluating the level of awareness of Chabahar citizens about urban rights and laws
Shah Bakhsh Raisi Maryam Karimian Bostani Safoura Abkhesht Sima Firoozi Rad Afsaneh Pourian

Raising the public awareness of the inhabitants of a city about the rights and laws of the city is one of the important factors that must be considered to achieve a sustainable and desirable city. Citizens' awareness leads them to achieve the right that society consider More

Raising the public awareness of the inhabitants of a city about the rights and laws of the city is one of the important factors that must be considered to achieve a sustainable and desirable city. Citizens' awareness leads them to achieve the right that society considers for them. Urban laws and regulations can be considered as one of the most important connection points between urban management and citizens. In other words, the actors, the main elements of urban management in the light of urban laws and regulations, while defining the role for themselves and other members, can involve citizens in managing affairs. In this study, the aim is to identify the level of awareness of the residents of Chabahar city about the rights and laws of the city. Based on the research data, the level of this awareness among the residents of the city was described. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical sample size was estimated to be 382 using the Cochran's formula. Out of 382 distributed questionnaires, 82 questionnaires were excluded due to distorted information and analysis was performed on 300 questionnaires. The field data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was designed in 21 items. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured by calculating Cronbach's alpha and calculating the combined reliability coefficient (cr). Manuscript profile

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190 - Presenting a model of contextual views with emphasis on improving the visual quality of cities, a case study of Yasuj city in 1401
Javad Takhsha Amir Aminzadeh

Contextualism, one of the common views in urban planning, considers the context as a historical event in which the elements of the city are known, addressed and constructed. What is needed in the lively and lively life of a city is to adapt the container of the environm More

Contextualism, one of the common views in urban planning, considers the context as a historical event in which the elements of the city are known, addressed and constructed. What is needed in the lively and lively life of a city is to adapt the container of the environment to the contents of the building in a historical process. The confusion and anxiety of urban views in most cities of Iran, especially in contemporary and modern cities, is a tolerable issue. Unfortunately, today, not only the show is not considered as a part of the urban space; Rather, it is often built as a unit for the supply of owners. This issue has caused disturbance and perceptual confusion in urban spaces. While dealing with, analyzing and studying the facades of urban buildings, part of the urban walls is of special importance. Landscape architecture as a codified knowledge to improve the quality of man-made environments, has always claimed to pay attention to the cultural values and specific identity of each region, but contemporary and new cities are becoming more and more similar, this issue is more pronounced in different cities Relaxing views based on local materials and climate can help to give identity, a sense of belonging and peace of mind to citizens. The main purpose of this article is to identify the criteria and patterns of contextualism and to create a favorable visual environment and to deal with new urban views with a case study of Yasuj with emphasis on ecology and its role in urban planning and architecture and their interaction with sustainable development, culture and behaviors. It is social actions and taking into account the urban wall (facade) that leads to a desirable and ideal atmosphere that indirectly and indirectly affects them and the personality of citizens. Manuscript profile

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191 - Investigating the effect of climate on the residential fabric of Yasuj
Amir Aminzadeh Ali Reza Rast

The history of design and construction, according to the criteria of natural and climatic features in traditional Iranian architecture, reaches hundreds of years and is considered one of the architectural masterpieces in the world. The growth of technology and access to More

The history of design and construction, according to the criteria of natural and climatic features in traditional Iranian architecture, reaches hundreds of years and is considered one of the architectural masterpieces in the world. The growth of technology and access to fossil fuels has led to the neglect of climatic standards in housing construction. This study examines the urban context of Yasuj city and climate, and by examining the housing characteristics of old, middle and new textures of this city, the compatibility of the three textures with the climatic conditions of Yasuj city, the density of buildings will be evaluated. In order to use natural forces in regulating the environmental conditions inside the building and reflection in the formation of the urban context, climate recognition is an important issue in architectural and urban design. In this research, the types of climates are introduced and the effect of climate on the formation of urban fabric and residential architecture is described and depicted. Manuscript profile

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192 - Investigating the relationship between attachment styles and the mediating role of mental health in teachers in Yasuj
mozafar khodaparast heshmatelah khodaparast

In general, attachment can be defined as the emotional atmosphere that governs a child's relationship with his caregiver. The fact that the child seeks and clings to the caregiver, who is usually his mother, confirms the attachment between them. Babies usually begin to More

In general, attachment can be defined as the emotional atmosphere that governs a child's relationship with his caregiver. The fact that the child seeks and clings to the caregiver, who is usually his mother, confirms the attachment between them. Babies usually begin to show such behavior by the end of the first month of life, and this behavior is designed to accelerate intimacy with the desired person. According to Skinner, human mental health is equivalent to behavior that conforms to the rules and regulations of society, and such a human being when faced with a problem until it is considered normal by society, through behavior modification to improve and normalize the behavior of himself and others around him. It is used intermittently. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and the mediating role of mental health in teachers in Yasuj. To achieve this goal, a sample of 198 teachers in Yasuj was selected through available sampling. The instruments used included a general health questionnaire, Hazen and Shaver attachment, and Miller and Bron self-regulation. The results showed that avoidant attachment style (t = 04.50, p = 0.001) and safe attachment (t = 49/49, p = 0.013) can significantly predict mental health. Finally, mental health mediates the relationship between attachment style. Manuscript profile

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193 - Examination of mental health and social intelligence in male and female elementary school students in Kerman city
Abbas Eskandari Moghadam

The purpose of this research is to investigate the mental health and social intelligence of male and female elementary school students in Kerman city in 1400. The current research is descriptive and causal-comparative. The statistical population in this research include More

The purpose of this research is to investigate the mental health and social intelligence of male and female elementary school students in Kerman city in 1400. The current research is descriptive and causal-comparative. The statistical population in this research includes two groups of female and male elementary school students in Kerman city, from which 80 people (40 girls, 40 boys) were selected by simple random sampling. The tools used in this research included the Tromso Social Intelligence Questionnaire and the Mental Health Questionnaire. Statistical methods (independent t-test, multiple regression analysis) were used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that there is a significant difference between male and female elementary school students in Kerman city in all dimensions of social intelligence as well as the total score (P<0.05). Social intelligence can significantly predict the level of mental health in male and female elementary school students of Kerman only in the dimension of social information processing (P<0.05). Manuscript profile

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194 - Knowing the Dimensions of Tourism in the Sustainable Regeneration of the Old Context of Yazd City
Ali Shamaei Narges Ahmadifard Sima Daemi

Regeneration for updating the old textures In addition to meeting the needs of the people and daily life has a meaningful reference to the identity of the old textures, which can be achieved only in the group of attention to the dimensions of tourism in all fields. More

Regeneration for updating the old textures In addition to meeting the needs of the people and daily life has a meaningful reference to the identity of the old textures, which can be achieved only in the group of attention to the dimensions of tourism in all fields. The dimensions of sustainable tourism from the economic, social, physical and environmental aspects are consistent with the dimensions and indicators of regeneration. For this purpose, the intended research has used these four approaches to investigate the dimensions of urban tourism in recreating the historical context of the studied city. Our type of research is practical and its method is exploratory-analytical. The statistical population of the research is citizens living in the old context of Yazd city with a sample size of 274 people using Cochran's formula and 30 urban specialists and experts. The results of the research showed that the development of tourism has played the biggest role in the indicators of the physical and economic dimensions. Also, urban tourism has played a role in creating cultural facilities, entertainment and sports centers, increasing social relations, cultural exchanges, strengthening the city's cultural identity, developing service activities, and preventing economic stagnation. Also, the results obtained from the SOAR analysis showed that the most important impact of tourism is the participation of the residents in tourism and urban regeneration programs and plans and the creation of recreational places to attract and retain more tourists. Manuscript profile

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195 - Analysis of Thematic Trends of Smart City Studies in the Recent Decade (From the Emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution to 2021)
Alireza Noruzi Mohammad Reza Vasfi Somayyeh Jafari Baghiabadi

10.52547/jstpi.39816.19.73.10

The fourth industrial revolution, with the convergence of new technologies, has led to the emergence of smart cities. While the smartening of cities by governments has been happening at a high speed, the concept and implementation of the smart city are still being updat More

The fourth industrial revolution, with the convergence of new technologies, has led to the emergence of smart cities. While the smartening of cities by governments has been happening at a high speed, the concept and implementation of the smart city are still being updated and changed. In this regard, the current research aims to analyze the thematic trends of publications on smart city in the Web of Science (WoS) database from the emergence of the fourth industrial revolution to 2021, and track the thematic trends of these studies. This scientometric research was carried out descriptively with the content analysis method, using the techniques of co-occurrence analysis and social network analysis. The trends of publications and citation influence of studies in the field of smart cities in the last decade has had an upward growth of 38.78% and 69.49%, respectively. In the three time periods, "IoT, City, Internet, and Wireless Sensor Network" have the most frequency, "IOT, City, Internet, and Wireless Sensor Network" have the most connections, and "ipv6, Sustainable City, and Urban Development" in 2012–2015, "Taxonomy, cloud objects and distributed computing" in 2016–2018 and "Literature review, urban informatics, and sustainable urban development" in 2019-2021 have received the most citations. In 2012–2015, clusters of sensor networks, smartphones, genetic algorithms, advanced sensors, ubiquitous city, and m2m; in 2016-2018 clusters of deep learning, participation, evolutionary algorithms, ubiquitous computing, and smart cities; and in 2019-2021 blockchain clusters, participation citizenship, IoT, topics, technologies, and tools.multi-agent systems, and Brazil were identified. Manuscript profile

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196 - A Review on Hadith Text Processing Tasks
Sepideh Baradaran Behrooz Minaei Mohammad Ebrahim Shenassa Sayyed Ali Hossayni

In order to facilitate and achieve higher precision and less processing time, it is recommended to evaluate the authenticity of hadith by intelligent methods. Due to the huge volume of narrative texts (hadith) and the complex concepts and relationships in them, many res More

In order to facilitate and achieve higher precision and less processing time, it is recommended to evaluate the authenticity of hadith by intelligent methods. Due to the huge volume of narrative texts (hadith) and the complex concepts and relationships in them, many researches have been conducted in the field of automatic hadith processing. In this field, some researchers have evaluated intelligent methods in the fields of Matn (text) and Isnad processing, which according to the review of previous researches, about 47% of them in the field of hadith text processing and 46% in the case of Isnad processing of hadiths and 7% have done research in both fields. By examining 97 researches in the field of processing hadiths, it was found that hadiths were evaluated in the field of measuring the accuracy of the text or Isnad or both cases. Processing tasks can be classified into different categories such as ontology construction, hadith text classification, hadith similarities and hadith authentication. The most used hadith processing method has been the information retrieval method in the field of hadith text processing. Manuscript profile

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197 - Explaining the coceptual farmework for evalouating spatial resilience against urban floods and its application in urban planning literature case study babolsar city
Elham Rezaian KaleBasti Hossein Kalantari khalilabad Maryam Rezghi

Environmental problems related to urbanization have their roots in both ecological and urban development fields, led to the formation of joint research fields such as resilience. Urban spatial resilience indicators are directly related to physical and environmental dime More

Environmental problems related to urbanization have their roots in both ecological and urban development fields, led to the formation of joint research fields such as resilience. Urban spatial resilience indicators are directly related to physical and environmental dimensions and are related to the main components of the spatial organization of the city. The purpose is to explain the conceptual framework assessment against urban flooding in Babolsar and its application in urban planning, research method: descriptive-analytical, data collection method: library and field and tools. Data collection: questionnaire, statistical population: specialists of city related to the issue of urban flooding, of which 30 people were selected as a possible cluster sampling. Data analysis is done through mean, Kolmogrof-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk and t-test in SPSS software as well as AHP and WASPAS techniques. The results show that the city is in a relatively good condition in terms of resilience and it is necessary to use the existing potentials, opportunities and resources in order to improve spatial resilience against floods. The final status of the space organization has shown that the dispersion of uses, attention to natural elements and the condition of the road network and surrounding green and open spaces have been evaluated as favorable, and the lack of attention to the shape of the land, Attention to neighboring spots, lack of dispersion of high-risk spots, centralization of administration in the center of the city, centralization of functional elements by the river and centralization of services on the coastal strip are its negative points. Manuscript profile

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198 - Meta-analysis of studies conducted in the field of smart city indicators in Iran
Mohammad javad samani nezhad neda khodakaramiangilan

The process of urbanization in the world and the problems arising from it bring great challenges to cities, and the concept of a smart city has been created as a solution to the problems of cities. Therefore, prioritizing criteria and indicators is of particular importa More

The process of urbanization in the world and the problems arising from it bring great challenges to cities, and the concept of a smart city has been created as a solution to the problems of cities. Therefore, prioritizing criteria and indicators is of particular importance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the indicators affecting the smart city in Iran. The present study is a descriptive-analytical research in which the meta-analysis method was used. The statistical population of the research includes all the researches conducted in the field of smart city indicators that were published in Normagz, Jihad University, Humanities, Mogiran and Irandak databases from 1396 to 1400. In this research, the amount of collaboration and participation of researchers, statistical society, sampling method and time pattern of publication of articles and variables used and their effect size in smart city studies in Iran were investigated. The results showed that the level of cooperation and teamwork of researchers in research is acceptable and most of the research was done in the period of 1399 to 1400. Also, the results showed that most of the researchers were researching in a specific field. Finally, the results of the effect size showed that the smart economy has the largest effect size in the smart city, and smart people are the second most important variable in the smart city. Smart government and smart environment are also the next variables. Manuscript profile

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199 - Investigating sustainable neighborhood development indicators in the third district of Tehran, a case study of Zargandeh neighborhood
ziba hatamigharibvand Fateme Adibi Saadinejad

The purpose of this research is to investigate the indicators of sustainable development in Zargande neighborhood, district 3 of Tehran, and in general to identify the differences and inequalities between neighborhoods and to rank them in terms of the status and level o More

The purpose of this research is to investigate the indicators of sustainable development in Zargande neighborhood, district 3 of Tehran, and in general to identify the differences and inequalities between neighborhoods and to rank them in terms of the status and level of enjoying neighborhood sustainable development indicators, and to show the development levels of neighborhoods in terms of the amount of facilities. and accesses and benefits. And in this article, after reviewing the concepts of sustainability, definitions and goals of sustainability, and analyzing and analyzing sustainability indicators and their application on Zargande district in the 3rd district of Tehran, it is tried to use a descriptive analytical method and using the SWOT model of neighborhood sustainable development indicators in this research. It has been analyzed based on the practical purpose and on the basis of the descriptive-analytical nature of the result of this research, it indicates that Zargandeh neighborhood is one of the neighborhoods of the 3rd district of Tehran in terms of sustainable development in a very low rank compared to the other districts of the 3rd district. This neighborhood is located in Tehran, in terms of sustainability, according to the physical, spatial, economic, cultural, social and environmental indicators, it has very high weaknesses, which in the following, by studying the indicators, criteria and sub-criteria, etc., to provide solutions and We have made proposals for formations to solve their problems. Manuscript profile

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200 - Evaluation of the amount of green space per capita in the urban environment (case example: Bojnord city)
soudabeh hadadi kohsar ramezanali naderi mayvan

Today, the concept of cities without effective green space in its various forms is unimaginable. The consequences of urban development and the complexities of their environmental problems have made the existence of green space and its expansion inevitable forever. Payin More

Today, the concept of cities without effective green space in its various forms is unimaginable. The consequences of urban development and the complexities of their environmental problems have made the existence of green space and its expansion inevitable forever. Paying attention to green spaces in general as the breathing lungs of cities is not an exaggerated definition of its function. Rather, this simile is considered to express its minimal function in the ecological concept of cities. These spaces have an important place both from the point of view of meeting the environmental needs of the city dwellers and from the point of view of providing leisure spaces and the basis of communication and social interaction. With the rapid expansion of Bojnord city in recent decades, the importance of urban green space and parks has been greatly increased both in terms of increasing social, environmental and aesthetic needs, as well as the role of access to green space in social justice and balanced urban development. In this article, the distribution and per capita of urban green spaces with different performance levels in the area of Bojnoord city have been investigated and the deficiencies in this field have been analyzed. In this research, the type of research is based on the practical purpose and is based on the descriptive-analytical method, and the method of information analysis is using the deductive (rational) method as well as the use of GIS software, which is the map of the current situation and the access map using this The software was prepared. Also, these maps were used for the final analysis, which according to the obtained results, the city of Bojnord has a per capita shortage of urban green spaces, and this has caused environmental pollution in this city. Manuscript profile

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201 - Investigating the prevalence of obesity and overweight and its relationship with lifestyle in male high school students of Yasouj city
Ali Hemti zahra Hemti

Today, due to the change in lifestyle and nutritional pattern, the prevalence of obesity and overweight has increased significantly all over the world. Several important factors are involved, such as lifestyle and inactivity and low physical fitness. Accordingly, in the More

Today, due to the change in lifestyle and nutritional pattern, the prevalence of obesity and overweight has increased significantly all over the world. Several important factors are involved, such as lifestyle and inactivity and low physical fitness. Accordingly, in the present study, the prevalence of obesity and overweight and its relationship with lifestyle in male teenagers of Yasouj city have been investigated. In this research, two survey and documentary methods have been used. The statistical population under study was more than 4000 male students of the second secondary level of Yasouj city, of which 351 were selected as the sample size based on Morgan's table and were studied using proportional stratified random sampling. (ages, 15, 16, 17, 18, years) (Mean ± SD: 7.0 ± 6.15 years): The overall prevalence of overweight among the subjects was 20.5% and the overall prevalence of obesity among the subjects was 6.8%. The prevalence of abdominal obesity among subjects was 27.4%. The analysis of inferential findings has shown that there is a direct relationship between the amount of watching TV and working with the computer, food pattern and body mass index at an error level of less than 0.05 and a confidence level of 95%. Manuscript profile

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202 - Determination of formation temperature, oxygen fugacity and Ce4+/Ce3+ ratio with using zircon chemistry in the pegmatitic dikes of Malayer-Boroujerd-Shazand, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone
Majid Ghasemi siani

The Granitoid plutons in the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone host numerous pegmatitic dikes. This study is focused on mineral chemistry of zircons in the pegmatite dikes in the Malayer, Boroujerd and Shazand district to evaluate zircon crystallization temperature, oxygen fugacity More

The Granitoid plutons in the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone host numerous pegmatitic dikes. This study is focused on mineral chemistry of zircons in the pegmatite dikes in the Malayer, Boroujerd and Shazand district to evaluate zircon crystallization temperature, oxygen fugacity and Ce4+/Ce3+ ratio and also zircon/rock partition coefficients of REEs and U, Th, Ta, Nb and Y. Trace element discrimination digrams such as Th versus Y and Yb/Sm versus Y and Nb, indicated studied zircons were located in the syenite pegmatite field. Zircon/rock partition coefficients indicate that zircon granis are enriched in the HREE than LREE. Zircon chemistry show that zircon in the Shazand and Malayer pegmatite dikes have more Hf and less REE distribution than zircons in the Boroujerd pegmatite dikes. Consequently, it indicates the role of latter hydrothermal process in the formation of Boroujerd zircons. Crystallization temperature, oxygen fugacity and Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios decrease from Malayer to Shazand and finally Boroujerd pegmatite dikes. Reduced condition of magmatism, Th/U contents below 1 and Y/Ho content higher than 20 indicate that these pegmatities are barren. Manuscript profile

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203 - The effect of collaborative learning method on first grade students of Yasouj city
Gulnar Salehikhah Maryam Bastam ziba Bastam

The purpose of this research is the effect of cooperative learning method on the first grade students of Yasouj city and whether their reading problems can be solved in a group and with each other's help or not. Therefore, two learning methods, One Saw I and Jake Saw II More

The purpose of this research is the effect of cooperative learning method on the first grade students of Yasouj city and whether their reading problems can be solved in a group and with each other's help or not. Therefore, two learning methods, One Saw I and Jake Saw II, have been used to investigate its effect on improving children's reading and learning. According to the subject, the semi-experimental method of the pre-test-post-test design has been chosen. Hoshi and Kessler's scale was used to collect the data, and to determine the level of students' reading disorder, the reading recognition test known as the Shirazi test was used. Also, the data obtained from the results of the pre-test, post-test, post-test and delayed test were used to collect information. . The validity coefficient was estimated to be 0.85 and the reliability coefficient was 0.95 for the total scale, 0.93 for the class scale and 0.9 for the practical scale, and the mean of the reliability coefficients was 0.73. In the learning disorders center, an instructor provided educational services to 20 students during the week, and preferably 40 students were trained on two occasions. In this research, 20 students of the first term were randomly selected as the experimental group and 20 students of the second term were included as the control group. The information collected using the t-test of independent groups (t-test) and spss software was used for statistical work to compare the performance of two independent test and reference groups. The findings of the research show that cooperative learning is effective in reducing the problems of the first grade of elementary school compared to the individual education method. It is concluded from the hypotheses that cooperative learning is effective in not adding or removing words in the text compared to the individual education method, so we can conclude It was concluded that the students who were trained in cooperative method have better performance in acquiring reading skills. Manuscript profile

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204 - -
Abdul Hossein Peshgo Siddiqa Talebipour Zahra Talebipour

The purpose of this research is the effect of learning method with individual education method on dyslexic students of the first grade of elementary school in Yasouj city and whether their reading problems can be solved in a group and with each other's help or not? Ther More

The purpose of this research is the effect of learning method with individual education method on dyslexic students of the first grade of elementary school in Yasouj city and whether their reading problems can be solved in a group and with each other's help or not? Therefore, two learning methods, One Saw I and Jake Saw II, have been used to investigate its effect on improving children's reading and learning. According to the subject, the semi-experimental method of the pre-test-post-test design has been chosen. Hoshi and Kessler's scale was used to collect the data, and to determine the level of students' reading disorder, the reading recognition test known as the Shirazi test was used. Also, the data obtained from the results of the pre-test, post-test, post-test and delayed test were used to collect information. . The validity coefficient was estimated to be 0.85 and the reliability coefficient was 0.95 for the total scale, 0.93 for the class scale and 0.9 for the practical scale, and the mean of the reliability coefficients was 0.73. In the center of learning disorders, an instructor provided educational services to 10 students during the week, and preferably 20 students were trained on two occasions. The findings of the research show that cooperative learning is effective in reducing the dyslexia problems of the first grade of elementary school compared to the individual education method. From the hypotheses, it can be concluded that cooperative learning is effective in not adding or removing words in the text compared to the individual education method. It was concluded that the students who were trained individually have better performance in acquiring reading skills. Manuscript profile

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205 - Sociological explanation of the impact of modernization and social networks on ethnic tendencies Case study: Ilam province)
Abdolhossein Rahmati Nabiallah Ider Abdolreza Hashemi

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating modernization and social networks, two important components of globalization and its effect on the ethnic tendencies of the people of Ilam province, to show how the identities of the people of Ilam province relat More

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating modernization and social networks, two important components of globalization and its effect on the ethnic tendencies of the people of Ilam province, to show how the identities of the people of Ilam province relate to global identities. In this research, the statistical population is all people living in the province. Ilam with a population of 580,158 people, based on Cochran's formula, the statistical sample size is 270 people, and the sampling method is simple probability, the survey method and the data collection tool of Hop Rashnameh. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the data and face validity method was used to measure the validity. The results of the research were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, variance analysis and regression analysis. They are an important component of globalization, there is a significant relationship with ethnic tendencies. This means that traditional communities like Ilam province have become dependent on the modern world, which has caused a decrease in the sense of belonging and ethnic attachment of the people of Ilam province. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the ethnic trends in Ilam province, unlike the past, in the contemporary era, have gone out of a solid and uniform state, and modernization and social networks have had an impact on it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

206 - A comparative study of emotional intelligence with academic progress of primary school students in Yasouj city
Zainab Farahpour Zarifeh Zamanian Nejad Rasool Zamanian Nejad

Today's world is changing. Life is getting more complicated and it doesn't give us time to think anymore. In this situation, we really need to have a high power and a high skill to establish a relationship with this globalized world and those who can win the game in thi More

Today's world is changing. Life is getting more complicated and it doesn't give us time to think anymore. In this situation, we really need to have a high power and a high skill to establish a relationship with this globalized world and those who can win the game in this global market who have a high skill in emotional intelligence. The purpose of this research is to compare emotional intelligence with academic progress of primary school students in Yasouj city. The measurement tool in the current research is a standard questionnaire that determines the comparative study of emotional intelligence with the academic progress of the studied elementary school students. The statistical population of this research is all primary school students of Yasouj city who were selected by simple random method. The results of the research showed that there is a difference between emotional intelligence and academic progress of male and female students. That is, with the increase of emotional intelligence, the academic success of students also increases. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

207 - "Necessity and strategies for improving and renovating worn-out urban structures (case study: Shahr Karaj)"
Asghar Kazemi

Human settlement was the beginning of his urbanization. To the extent that this growth of urbanization has created many social, economic and political issues in recent decades. One of these problems is the dilapidated urban structures, whose renovation and improvement h More

Human settlement was the beginning of his urbanization. To the extent that this growth of urbanization has created many social, economic and political issues in recent decades. One of these problems is the dilapidated urban structures, whose renovation and improvement has attracted the attention of urban planners and managers in recent decades. In such a situation, it is necessary to revive these tissues by using appropriate policies such as reconstruction, rehabilitation, renovation, improvement, redevelopment and finally regeneration. Renovation and improvement does not happen once and for all, but is a continuous thing. This is not instantaneous and fast, but a sensitive and complex process that requires the design of short-term, medium-term and long-term targeted programs and to achieve Successful organization and revitalization requires a detailed understanding of the old context and the entire city system and regional system. Therefore, in the present research, an attempt has been made to address the issue of improvement in the dilapidated fabric of Karaj city through the formulation of strategies. The results show that the factors of creating suitable institutional and legal frameworks for the purpose of integrated urban management, empowerment and capacity building in the municipalities and Islamic councils of the city are considered to be the most effective strategies for the regeneration of the worn-out fabric of Karaj city. Future. Also, the effective factors on renovation policies are: "simplifying the processes and steps of action for the renovation of buildings in run-down neighborhoods" and "supporting the establishment of neighborhood renovation service offices". In addition, "the use of non-governmental organizations in worn-out areas and neighborhoods" were identified as influencing factors on the issue of renovation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

208 - Explanation of the smart city model with an emphasis on urban governance
behnam mahmoudian

Cities inherently face complex and wide-ranging challenges that can only be solved through a systematic approach. Not only has the balance of cities collapsed, but it has also made it impossible to achieve sustainability with the current methods of urban management and More

Cities inherently face complex and wide-ranging challenges that can only be solved through a systematic approach. Not only has the balance of cities collapsed, but it has also made it impossible to achieve sustainability with the current methods of urban management and development. As a result, urban planners around the world are trying to develop models for the development of 21st century cities with an integrated view of all dimensions of urbanization. Responding to the new demands and expectations of today's world, one of the new concepts to deal with the current challenges of cities in the field of urban planning is the development of a smart city, which has attracted a lot of attention in recent years, the smart city as the axis of transformation. And the development of the millennium has been proposed and means the opening of new concepts in urban planning that combines the capabilities of the real and virtual worlds to solve urban problems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

209 - The effect of collaborative teaching method on the academic progress of chemistry course of first year female students of Yasouj city high school
Azrae Rozehdar

The aim is the effect of collaborative teaching method on the academic progress of chemistry course of first year female students of Yasouj high school. The research method was semi-experimental, and the data collection tool was the social skills questionnaire, as well More

The aim is the effect of collaborative teaching method on the academic progress of chemistry course of first year female students of Yasouj high school. The research method was semi-experimental, and the data collection tool was the social skills questionnaire, as well as the grade point average of the students was used to check their academic progress. The statistical population of this research was all male students in the first grade of Yasouj secondary school in the academic year of 1401-02. The number of them was estimated to be 61 and the entire statistical population was selected as the research sample. The assumptions were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods of one-way covariance analysis, and the results showed; The cooperative learning method does not affect the academic progress of students in general; The results also showed that the cooperative learning method has a significant effect on the development of students' participation skills in group activities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

210 - The effect of collaborative teaching method on the social skills of the fifth grade students of Yasouj city
ali ohadikish

The purpose of this study is the effect of cooperative teaching method on social skills of fifth grade students of Yasouj city. The research method was semi-experimental and the data collection tool was the questionnaire of their academic social skills. The statistical More

The purpose of this study is the effect of cooperative teaching method on social skills of fifth grade students of Yasouj city. The research method was semi-experimental and the data collection tool was the questionnaire of their academic social skills. The statistical population of this research was all male students of the first grade of secondary school in Yasouj city in the academic year of 1402-1401, whose number was estimated to be 81, and the whole population Statistics were also selected as a research sample. Hypotheses were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods of one-way covariance analysis, and the results showed; The cooperative learning method does not affect the social skills of students in general; The results also showed that the cooperative learning method has a significant effect on the development of students' participation skills in group activities, but it does not have a significant effect on the students' ability to respect others, cooperation skills, and responsibility skills. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

211 - The role of phenotypic, genotypic and drug resistance characteristics of Morganella morganii in pathogenicity and nosocomial infections
Erfan Shahbazi Hamidreza Mollasalehi Darush Minai-Tehrani

Aim and background: The gram negative facultative anaerobic bacilli Morganella morganii is mostly found in the environment and also human, reptile and mammals’ intestinal tracts as a part of normal flora. M. morganii is mostly considered as an opportunistic pathogen whi More

Aim and background: The gram negative facultative anaerobic bacilli Morganella morganii is mostly found in the environment and also human, reptile and mammals’ intestinal tracts as a part of normal flora. M. morganii is mostly considered as an opportunistic pathogen which mostly causes nosocomial infections. Regarding the capability of this bacterium in carrying different drug resistance genes in its genome, M. morganii is challenging the clinical infection control. Furthermore M. morganii is considered as an important pathogen due to the virulence evolution. Peritonitis, pneumonia, empyema, arthropathy, pericarditis, endophethalmitis, meningitis, wound infection and bacteremia are the infections which can occur because of M. morganii. Results: Accumulated data has shown that M. morganii often causes a high percentage of mortality in patients who suffer from some infections. However, this bacterium has been neglected in the word and especially in our country. Discussion: This study aims to review the phenotypic and genotypic features of M. morganii and the role of these attributes in the pathogenicity of this bacterium. This information can be used to find a rapid and efficient way to detect and opt for the best way of prevention and treatment of M. morganii. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

212 - Meta-analysis of studies conducted in the field of smart city indicators in Iran
Mohammad javad samani nezhad neda khodakaramiangilan

Mohammad Javad Samaninezhad Neda Khodakarmian Gilan Abstract The process of urbanization in the world and the problems arising from it bring great challenges to cities, and the concept of a smart city has been created as a solution to the problems of cities. More

Mohammad Javad Samaninezhad Neda Khodakarmian Gilan Abstract The process of urbanization in the world and the problems arising from it bring great challenges to cities, and the concept of a smart city has been created as a solution to the problems of cities. Smart cities are defined as cities that pay attention to human capital, social and communication infrastructure, will improve the economy and quality of life, wise management of natural resources and cooperative governance. Now, it should be noted that smart building should be on the agenda in cities and the construction of a new city should be combined with new ideas. Therefore, prioritizing criteria and indicators is of particular importance. The aim of the current research is to investigate the indicators affecting the smart city in Iran. The present study is a descriptive-analytical research in which the meta-analysis method was used. The statistical population of the research includes all the researches conducted in the field of smart city indicators that were published in Normagz, Jihad University, Humanities, Mogiran and Irandak databases from 1396 to 1400. In this research, the amount of cooperation and participation of researchers, statistical community, sampling method and time pattern of publication of articles and variables used and their effect size in smart city studies in Iran have been investigated. The results showed that the level of cooperation and teamwork of researchers in research is acceptable and most of the research was done in the period of 1399 to 1400. Also, most of these researches were in the field of specific fields. Finally, the results of the effect size showed that the smart economy has the largest effect size in the smart city, and smart people are the second most important variable in the smart city, on the other hand, smart government and smart environment are the next variables. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

213 - The Dichotomy of Autonomy and Authenticity in Education; An Autonomous or Responsible Person?
jalal karimian Narges Sajjadieh khosrow Bagheri Mahdi Montazerghaem

Autonomy, a widely recognized ideal in the realm of education, has been subject to diverse interpretations. In its broadest sense, autonomy pertains to adhering to one's own laws. Imbued with significance by Kant, the progenitor of this notion within contemporary philos More

Autonomy, a widely recognized ideal in the realm of education, has been subject to diverse interpretations. In its broadest sense, autonomy pertains to adhering to one's own laws. Imbued with significance by Kant, the progenitor of this notion within contemporary philosophy, autonomy is regarded as a descriptor of human volition, crucial for the establishment of an absolute moral code. This term finds a profound association with modern rationality. In contrast to autonomy, authenticity emerges as a concept that, while acknowledging human freedom as the aim of education, directs attention toward the actualization of freedom throughout the educational process and human development. In the contemporary era, educational conceptions of autonomy have presented various definitions attempting to elucidate the nexus between rationality and authenticity. However, the philosophical profundity of authenticity has received limited attention within these delineations. Within this context, Heidegger's explication of authenticity (or Eigentlichkeit) possesses the potential to deepen the ideal of autonomy within education. In his ontological existentialism, Heidegger conceives of authenticity as humanity's capacity to engage in spiritual contemplation, aligned with a profound understanding of existence as a meaningful totality, while acknowledging an ongoing connection with truth. Being authentic, therefore, implies openness toward Being itself and an earnest quest for truth within human life. Authenticity arises from a departure from the prescribed paths laid by others, leading toward a more fulfilled existence and facilitating an existential consciousness concerning Being-towards-death. The pursuit of this path necessitates an acceptance of the inner calling of human conscience, embracing fully one's ontological responsibility. Hence, authenticity and its concomitant truth-seeking nature become profoundly intertwined, ultimately serving as a complement to existing definitions of autonomy. Therefore, as a consequence, authenticity emerges as a foundational principle, serving as a guiding light that elevates human responsibility to the forefront as the central objective and primary pathway within the realm of educational pursuits. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

214 - Identifying Factors and Indicators Affecting the Development of Urban Management Based on Modern Intelligent Communication Technologies Based on a Qualitative Approac
Mehdi Askari Kachoosangi bibi sadat miresmaeili afshin Mohammadi HamidReza Hoseini Dana Seyyed Reza Naqib al-Sadat

Based on the purpose, this research is an applied-developmental research, because it seeks to find a suitable model for new intelligent communication technologies in the development of urban management. On the other hand, based on the method and time period of data coll More

Based on the purpose, this research is an applied-developmental research, because it seeks to find a suitable model for new intelligent communication technologies in the development of urban management. On the other hand, based on the method and time period of data collection, it is a descriptive (non-experimental) research that was conducted with a cross-sectional survey method. Also, this study is based on a qualitative approach from the perspective of the nature of the data. In the first part, based on library studies and then expert interviews, the indicators of new intelligent communication technologies in the development of urban management have been identified. After the qualitative analysis stage, questionnaires were distributed and data was collected from experts in the field of media and urban management. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes 17experts in the field of study and media activists and urban management of the country. The qualitative results of this research showed that the optimal pattern of new intelligent communication technologies includes the categories of causal conditions (digital world, virtual world technology), contextual conditions (urban management), central phenomenon (new technologies), intervening conditions ( governments and citizens), strategies and actions (smart city), consequences smart transportation and environment, smart government and economy, smart people and life, (smart city). It is worth mentioning that MAXQDA software was used in grounded theory analysis Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

215 - An Investigation and Pathology of Organizational Training for Engineers in Water and Electricity Industry Based on ADDIE
zainab sharaf Mohammad reza Nili Ahmadabadi Mohammad Javad Liaghatdar

Organizational training could play a significant role in keeping the knowledge, skills and attitudes of employees updated, if it is conducted based on scientific principles and methods and considered as an empowering factor. In this regard, the present study seeks to ev More

Organizational training could play a significant role in keeping the knowledge, skills and attitudes of employees updated, if it is conducted based on scientific principles and methods and considered as an empowering factor. In this regard, the present study seeks to evaluate and identify the limitations of the organizational training of engineers in the water and electricity industry. To this aim a mixed method was used including survey method in the quantitative phase and phenomenology in the qualitative phase. The research tool in the quantitative part was a researcher-made questionnaire and in the qualitative part it was a semi-structured interview. The participants in the quantitative part included trained engineers, 900 individuals in the year 2021, and in the qualitative part there were teachers and employers in the water and electricity industry. In the quantitative section, 269 individuals were selected by simple random sampling using Morgan's table, and in the qualitative section, 20 individuals were interviewed based on the theoretical saturation level. For analyzing the quantitative data, SPSS software was used and for qualitative data analysis, thematic analysis method was used. According to the findings of the quantitative part of the research, the current state of organizational training of engineers in the water and electricity industry in all 5 dimensions of education is at the average and below average levels. On the other hand, based on the findings of the qualitative part, the main limitations of the organizational occupational training system include process limitations, motivational, cultural and administrative structure. The results revealed that the organizational training of the water and electricity industry does not meet the desired quality levels; cultural problems and inattention to the academic degrees, lack of motivational incentives, structural-administrative problems and process problems and non-compliance of organizational trainings with scientific and logical approaches could be mentioned as some of the factors leading to the current situation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

216 - Assessment of smart citizens in Iranian cities (Case example: Tehran city)
Elham Zabetian Targhi masoud dadgar

Based on the theoretical framework of the smart city, the third generation of smart cities in the world emphasizes "smart citizens" rather than supporting infrastructure; In fact, the smartness of cities depends on the smartness of citizens rather than the development o More

Based on the theoretical framework of the smart city, the third generation of smart cities in the world emphasizes "smart citizens" rather than supporting infrastructure; In fact, the smartness of cities depends on the smartness of citizens rather than the development of new technologies and infrastructures. Also, there are internationally approved indexes for measuring and evaluating the state of intelligence of citizens, which of course can be revised based on the cultural and contextual conditions of each region in cities. Therefore, according to the importance of the subject and to extract and diagnose the intelligence indexes of citizens in Iran, in this research, after document, with the conceptualization method, the indexes and sub-indexes of citizen evaluation have been extracted and then in the stage of survey studies, electronic questionnaires have been designed to measure the mentioned indexes and distributed among about 270 citizens of Tehran (as the capital and the leader in the field of intelligence in the country). In the next stage, quantitative and qualitative analyses have been carried out. By using multivariate regression and beta test, related indicators have been ranked and interpreted. Finally, the results show that the participation index is the most important element in the field of smart citizens, and this indicates that the promotion of the role of the citizens does not necessarily depend on the provision of infrastructure and the introduction of new technologies in cities. Also, suggestions for educating smart citizens from preschool to university level have been presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

217 - Evaluation and analysis of the use of virtual power plant simulation in the power grid
Farid timuri Seyed Majid Keshavarz

Distributed generation refers to the generation of electricity near the consumer's location using small-scale generation units. Scattered energy sources are renewable energies and combined production (simultaneous production of electricity and heat). A virtual power pla More

Distributed generation refers to the generation of electricity near the consumer's location using small-scale generation units. Scattered energy sources are renewable energies and combined production (simultaneous production of electricity and heat). A virtual power plant refers to a set of distributed production facilities such as wind turbines, solar power plants, small hydropower plants and any power generation sources that have the ability to cooperate with each other in a local area and are all controlled by a central control unit. The virtual power plant has been subjected to various validation tests and network connections (connected to the network and off the network) and has a high level of credibility and competence. This research includes an overview of some virtual power plant ideas that express a better understanding and a more general vision in this field, some general control structures are described and experimental fields are introduced. The distribution network is represented by the virtual power plant. The result shows that with the presence of storage resources and the possibility of being in the reservation market, the virtual power plant will benefit more. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

218 - Strategies of the supporters of the historical fabrics of Kerman for the conservation of historical Places
Nooshin Nazarieh Eisa Esfanjary

With the development of the modern approach of conservation, the formulation of charters, treaties and the formation of international institutions, the Conservation and restoration of historical places gradually distanced from their geographical, cultural and people ori More

With the development of the modern approach of conservation, the formulation of charters, treaties and the formation of international institutions, the Conservation and restoration of historical places gradually distanced from their geographical, cultural and people origins, and its global dimensions were added. The loss of role and shortening of the hand of native people in the Conservation and restoration of historical places can be counted as one of its consequences, So Discussioning how people think and act in the Conservation and restoration of historical places is one of the basic research questions; This research seeks to achieve popular conservation strategies in the historical city of Kerman. For this purpose, grounded theory method (GT) has been used and collect data through semi- structured interviews. 24 people of Kerman city who are interacting with historical places were studied with purposeful sampling method and theoretical saturation criteria. In the results of the research, it was revealed that a group of local people have a special desire and interest in historical places, and seven main categories were obtained from their actions, which include: Preventive conservation, inspiration and modeling in restoration, pure- integrated duality in restoration, consolidating- decorative duality in restoration, expansion and expansion of the historical building, preservation of the components and preservation of the elements of the historical building, maintenance and dealing with the process of destruction. Manuscript profile

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219 - Critique of the Idea of Government Neutrality in the Views of Ronald Dworkin
افشین خاکباز seyed alireza Hoseyni Beheshti Sayed Ali Mahmoudi

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Critique of the Idea of Government Neutrality   in the Views of Ronald Dworkin                                                               Afshin Khakbaz<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>   Seyyed Alireza Hosseini Beheshti <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">**</a>   Seyyed Ali Mahmoudi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3">***</a>       One of the fundamental concepts that categorizes intellectuals who speak within the framework of liberalism into various groups is autonomy itself and its limits and boundaries. Among these categories, one can refer to the division between supporters of government neutrality and perfectionism, or in other words advocates of non-intervention or government intervention in relation to different aspects of life, which place liberal thinkers in two distinct camps in terms of the limits and boundaries they advocate for. Dworkin constructs his theory of equality based on two principles of concern and equal respect and unique responsibility and extracts government neutrality and autonomy from these two principles. Like many advocates of government neutrality, he attaches importance to autonomy; however, he does not endorse absolute autonomy and advocates for limits and boundaries. He distinguishes between autonomy and authenticity, considering autonomy to have a narrower scope than authenticity. Dworkin, while opposing the adoption of paternalistic policies by the government, does not outright negate government intervention in various areas of political and social life, deeming such interventions to some extent necessary and unavoidable. This article, utilizing a descriptive-analytical approach, critically examines the concept of autonomy and its position in Dworkin's intellectual framework and seeks to answer the question of what place autonomy and consequently neutrality hold in Dworkin's thought. Ultimately, this article concludes that although the restriction of autonomy in his views, especially regarding equality in resources, is more than he admits, a paternalistic viewpoint stands out in certain aspects of his theory of resource equality.       Keywords: Ronald Dworkin, State neutrality, Autonomy, Authenticity, Paternalism.   <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">*</a> Corresponding Author: Ph.D Student of Political Thought, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran. afshinkhakbaz2012@gmail.com </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">**</a> Assistant Professor, Political Science Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran. abeheshti2002@yahoo.com </div> <div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3">***</a> Professor, Department of Political Science, Faculty of International Relations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Iran. mahmoudi3000@gmail.com </div> </div>   Manuscript profile

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220 - Assessing the feasibility of smart city features (a case study of Tabriz city)
sahar jamshidi nafiseh zare اکبر عبدالله زاده طرف

The smartening of cities does not only mean the growth of technology and mechanization, but when it is smart and optimal in all socialcultural, economic, environmental, and governance fields, it is called a smart city . One of the necessities of making cities smarter More

The smartening of cities does not only mean the growth of technology and mechanization, but when it is smart and optimal in all socialcultural, economic, environmental, and governance fields, it is called a smart city . One of the necessities of making cities smarter is using less energy resources and creating maximum efficiency. In recent years, the technology employment has become important to speed up the process of daily work and improve the quality of life; however, it has not been formed in a comprehensive and integrated way. This research aimed to investigate the feasibility of smart city indicators in Tabriz. The feasibility of six basic components of a smart city in social, political, environmental and other fields has been investigated. The current research method is a library and questionnaire. Considering the specialization of intelligence and the requirements of its realization, the extracted questionnaire was completed with the cooperation of professors and experts. The results were analyzed in SPSS software. Based on Cronbach's numbers, Tabriz city has been in a relatively favorable situation in terms of realizing the characteristics of a smart city. But in general, this city cannot be called smart. Manuscript profile

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221 - Evaluation of Diagnostic and Screening Test in Veterinary Medicine
Mohammad Arad Zandieh Fateme Sheikhian Hamid Sharifi Hesameddin Akbarein

https://doi.org/10.61186/eltiamj.10.2.2

Screening tests are a special type of diagnostic tests that are performed in an apparently healthy population. The purpose of performing diagnostic tests is to correctly diagnose patients, distinguish affected animals from healthy animals, distinguish between cases and More

Screening tests are a special type of diagnostic tests that are performed in an apparently healthy population. The purpose of performing diagnostic tests is to correctly diagnose patients, distinguish affected animals from healthy animals, distinguish between cases and controls, and distinguish between normal and abnormal cases. Screening tests should be simple, cheap, rapid and valid. Diagnostic and screening tests are mainly used in the monitoring of diseases. Related terms to the evaluation of these tests, including sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, accuracy and precision, as well as concepts such as the golden standard, because they are often used interchangeably or misinterpreted, it is especially important to learn them. Also, due to the fact that gold standard tests are often more expensive and time-consuming, incomplete diagnostic tests are used, which can be calculated by calculating the sensitivity and specificity of the actual and apparent prevalence obtained by the diagnostic test. However, if the golden standard test is not available, other methods are used to evaluate the tests, including the Kappa index test. The interpretation results of these tests provide a comprehensive and evidence-based approach to clinicians and experts, which ultimately leads to more accurate, comprehensive, cheaper and faster monitoring. In this review article, with a complete and comprehensive review of the conventional concepts in the evaluation of diagnostic tests, along with the solution of practical examples, we will expand and provide a comprehensive presentation of these concepts. Also, the latest original studies that have been done in the field of evaluation of diagnostic tests will also be reviewed in this article. Manuscript profile

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222 - Sociological explanation of the impact of modernization and social networks on ethnic tendencies Case study: Ilam province
Abdolhossein Rahmati نبی اله ایدر Abdolreza Hashemi

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating modernization and social networks, two important components of globalization and its effect on the ethnic tendencies of the people of Ilam province, to show how the identities of the people of Ilam province rel More

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating modernization and social networks, two important components of globalization and its effect on the ethnic tendencies of the people of Ilam province, to show how the identities of the people of Ilam province relate to global identities. In this research, the statistical population is all people living in the province. Ilam with a population of 580,158 people, based on Cochran's formula, the statistical sample size is 270 people, and the sampling method is simple probability, the survey method and the data collection tool of Hop Rashnameh. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the data and face validity method was used to measure the validity. The results of the research were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, variance analysis and regression analysis. They are an important component of globalization, there is a significant relationship with ethnic tendencies. This means that traditional communities like Ilam province have become dependent on the modern world, which has caused a decrease in the sense of belonging and ethnic attachment of the people of Ilam province. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the ethnic trends in Ilam province, unlike the past, in the contemporary era, have gone out of a solid and uniform state, and modernization and social networks have had an impact on it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

223 - The Place of Religiosity in the Changes of Social Hope of Tehrani Citizens
RAHA TALEB ARDAKANI bijan zare reza safarishali alireza karimi

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The Place of Religiosity in the Changes   of Social Hope of Tehrani Citizens       Raha Talebi Ardakani<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>   Bijan Zare<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">**</a>   Reza Safari Shali<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3">***</a>    Alireza Karimi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="" href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4">****</a>       Introduction   Hope, as a protective factor, is a positive psychological trait that enables individuals to set clear goals, develop multiple pathways to achieve these goals, overcome obstacles, and generate the necessary energy to pursue their objectives. It fosters positive emotions while simultaneously mitigating negative issues. Hope is viewed as a form of self-confidence and personal mastery that aids in goal-setting, planning, and problem-solving. Although social hope has not been prominently recognized as a significant social problem in national policy discourse, its absence or insufficiency has raised concerns among many people and officials.   Religiosity and religious teachings play a crucial role in enhancing social hope. They directly impact psychological and social well-being, thereby increasing both social and individual hope. Understanding the nature of hope, especially its transcendental and religious dimensions, offers potential pathways to bolster hope in various aspects. Social hope has become a political necessity in Iran, and any efforts to rebuild the relationship between the government and society depend on strengthening this component. Contemporary Iranian society appears to be on the brink of a crisis of despair. The erosion of social hope in recent years, coupled with a decline in social capital, has created significant challenges for the country’s development and social progress.   The aim of this research is to sociologically and qualitatively explore the role of religiosity in social hope among the citizens of Tehran.       Methodology   This qualitative research utilized a grounded theory approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 50 individuals from Tehran, including university professors, marketers, youth, women, and students. The research reached theoretical saturation. Participants were selected using purposive sampling with snowball and maximum variation techniques to ensure diversity in terms of gender, education, age, and social class. Interviews lasted between 50 minutes to 2 hours and were sometimes conducted in multiple sessions. Data collection spanned over 2 years. Data analysis followed the theoretical coding system of grounded theory, comprising open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. In open coding, the interview texts were read line by line and conceptualized. In axial coding, concepts were grouped into central categories based on semantic overlap. The core category, derived at a more abstract level, was identified as the role of religiosity in the multifaceted revitalization of social hope.   Ethical considerations were observed throughout the study. Participants' consent was obtained before interviews, and they were informed about the research’s purpose, topic, and methods. Their privacy was protected by recording data with their permission and using pseudonyms to maintain confidentiality.       Findings   During the open coding phase, 105 open codes, 33 core codes, 9 main categories, and one core category emerged: hope for the hereafter and receiving divine reward; religious worldview and giving meaning to life; communication with God as the foundation of hope; the production of correct content and its role in religious identification and gaining hope; patience, tolerance of suffering, and hope for divine intervention; the spread of kindness and benevolence in religious teachings; the interdependence of religion, answering doubts, and increasing awareness; reducing social damage; and expanding solidarity and social belonging. The core category, the agency of religiosity in the multifaceted revitalization of social hope, was identified.   Participants sought various strategies to enhance and strengthen their social hope. They practiced kindness and beneficence, such as making vows, which increased their resilience to adversity by reinforcing their connection with a higher power. These practices aimed to improve problem-solving and provide mental and spiritual peace in this life and the hereafter. Participation in religious ceremonies and rituals also contributed to social cohesion by strengthening bonds and relationships.       Conclusion   The core category, the role of religiosity in the multifaceted revival of social hope, reflects a complex interplay of factors, conditions, and contexts. It illustrates that religiosity's role in expressing and developing social hope is multifaceted and not singularly causal. Social hope, from various humanities perspectives, remains a significant concern for individuals and cultural policymakers.         <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">* Ph.D</a>. Student of cultural policy, Kharazmi University, Iran. rahatalebiardakani@gmail.com </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">** Corresponding author: Pr</a>ofessor of Sociology Department, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. zare@khu.ac.ir </div> <div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3">*** Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran</a>. Reza_safaryshali@khu.ac.ir </div> <div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="" href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4">**** Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Kharazmi U</a>niversity, Tehran, Iran. alireza.karimi@khu.ac.ir </div> </div>   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

224 - A Review on Hadith Text Processing Tasks
Sepideh Baradaran Behrooz Minaei Mohammad Ebrahim Shenassa Sayyed Ali Hossayni

In order to facilitate and achieve higher precision and less processing time, it is recommended to evaluate the authenticity of hadith by intelligent methods. Due to the huge volume of narrative texts (hadith) and the complex concepts and relationships in them, many res More

In order to facilitate and achieve higher precision and less processing time, it is recommended to evaluate the authenticity of hadith by intelligent methods. Due to the huge volume of narrative texts (hadith) and the complex concepts and relationships in them, many researches have been conducted in the field of automatic hadith processing. In this field, some researchers have evaluated intelligent methods in the fields of Matn (text) and Isnad processing, which according to the review of previous researches, about 47% of them in the field of hadith text processing and 46% in the case of Isnad processing of hadiths and 7% have done research in both fields. By examining 97 researches in the field of processing hadiths, it was found that hadiths were evaluated in the field of measuring the accuracy of the text or Isnad or both cases. Processing tasks can be classified into different categories such as ontology construction, hadith text classification, hadith similarities and hadith authentication. The most used hadith processing method has been the information retrieval method in the field of hadith text processing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

225 - Investigating the concept of a smart city: Integrating Information Technology to Improve Quality of Life and Urban Services
Mona Vaziri Negin Bani Khalifi Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani

Modernity, coupled with accelerated urbanization and the high speed of information and communication technologies, calls for cities that demonstrate the ability to develop new concepts in the fields of urbanization, adaptation, and coordination. For this purpose, cities More

Modernity, coupled with accelerated urbanization and the high speed of information and communication technologies, calls for cities that demonstrate the ability to develop new concepts in the fields of urbanization, adaptation, and coordination. For this purpose, cities, inspired by new technologies, provide urban services to improve the quality of public services in the community. This new attitude towards cities can improve the living conditions of their inhabitants. Therefore, a new and conceptual look is needed in a smart city to give it a new framework. The main objectives of smart cities are to optimize urban activities, boost economic growth, and improve the quality of life of citizens. The research focuses on the concept of a smart city, its objectives, and its indicators. The present research methodology is a descriptive-analysis of the type of application that collects the required data using library information and authoritative articles. The results show that smart cities have reached indicators such as management, energy, building, transport, urban services and therapy, technology, and smart citizens. Key areas of smart cities include economics, people and governments, the environment, and smart living, which can lead to greater energy efficiency, increased yield, careful analysis of consumption, and data collection. As a result, these experimental measures will promote the development of cities, creating new insights that will improve the living conditions of their inhabitants. The new definition will inform future generations and their work in cities, communities, and achieving cities with intelligent concepts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

226 - Historicity in Heidegger's Thought and its Implications for Education
Poorya Aeini faramarz mohamadipouya

education, in confrunting the world's developments in the field of history, in relation to the past and historical tradition on the one hand, and new phenomena on the other hand. This philosophical issue can be traced under the topic of historicity. Historicism was firs More

education, in confrunting the world's developments in the field of history, in relation to the past and historical tradition on the one hand, and new phenomena on the other hand. This philosophical issue can be traced under the topic of historicity. Historicism was first introduced into philosophy by Hegel, and after him, attention to history in epistemology was continued by various philosophers. Heidegger deals with historicity in a different way from others and considers it not as a secondary and temporary characteristic, but as an existential element for humans. Accordingly, we found Heidegger's exploration of historicity as a way to answer our question. From Heidegger's point of view, human is "thrown" into a historical tradition and culture, and since he has existence, he can plan his way of becoming. The ability to do this is based on the unique possibilities that belong to human, as the result of this thrownness. The result of this research is that in a desired education, based on authentic historicity, first of all, historical tradition cannot be considered as an object for the will of a person; historical tradition is always present in us and offers all the possibilities of our existence. Secondly, since human beings have an existence towards the future, the objective recovery of historical tradition and the effort to educate human beings similar to past human beings is meaningless and independent of "here" and "now" in the life. Thirdly, ignoring the historical tradition destroys the existential continuity of human experiences throughout history and removes the originality and "spontaneity" of human actions. That is, it is not possible to make such a will to raise a person who is abandoned and separated from the past. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

227 - The role of the orientation of Isfahan houses in the natural lighting of spaces adjacent to the central courtyard: Historical houses of Isfahan city.
ساناز رهروی پوده

One of the influential factors in building design is their proper orientation regarding the placement of the sun and the optimal utilization of natural light. Research conducted on buildings constructed in Iran has referred to three orientations (directions): the ori More

One of the influential factors in building design is their proper orientation regarding the placement of the sun and the optimal utilization of natural light. Research conducted on buildings constructed in Iran has referred to three orientations (directions): the orientation of urban buildings relative to sunlight, wind direction, and generally the appropriate use of optimal climatic conditions. This article aims to investigate the orientation of courtyard houses in the city of Isfahan, built during the Safavid and Qajar periods, and its impact on the illumination of facades and spaces situated in each direction. The main research question is based on the orientation of houses, both in terms of direction and angle, and how it has affected the illumination of facades and consequently the spaces. The purpose of this research is to study the role of the orientation of houses in the illumination of spaces. The method employed in this study is qualitative research, and data collection utilized both library and field methods, with data analysis conducted using descriptive methods. The results of this research indicate that the orientation of houses on a north-south axis in winter, based on the Isfahan pattern, performs better than other angles for Tehran-style illumination (winter-oriented). However, overall, none of the orientations had a significant impact on facade illumination. Nonetheless, the varied placement angles in historical houses not built according to the Isfahan pattern were not climate-dependent but rather created based on the shape of the land and its axial alignment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

228 - Analysis of the character of Khaled, the protagonist of the novel Neighbours, the Story of a City and the Burnt Earth by Ahmad Mahmoud from the sociological perspective of George Lukács
Fariborz Jafari Ahmadi Faramarz Shirinbayan Mohammad Saleh Amiri

The purpose of sociology of literature is to express the links between society and literature and also to reveal how social realities are reflected in literary works, especially in novels. Lukács, as one of the greatest theorists in the field of sociology of l More

The purpose of sociology of literature is to express the links between society and literature and also to reveal how social realities are reflected in literary works, especially in novels. Lukács, as one of the greatest theorists in the field of sociology of literature, tried to show the mutual influence between social structures and literary structures. He considers the novel to be a reflection of the social life of the author's era and also a product of his particular worldview. Ahmad Mahmoud is one of the realist story writers, whose main focus is to express the type of social life of the people of his time, and this issue can be seen in his works. Therefore, the three novels Neighbors, The Story of a City and Burnt Earth can be analyzed based on the sociological theory of George Lukács and the following hypotheses can be put forward: 1- Social novels can be used to reform and improve structures. and cultural-social attitudes are effective. 2- Contemporary novels can not only be a mirror of the whole society with their realistic view, but they can also influence the society from a cultural-social and even political point of view. to be influential and cause intellectual changes in their readers. 3- According to the sociological theories of George Lukács, the sociological analysis of these three novels can be a guide to identify his worldview. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

229 - The world of light in the poetry of Rumi and Suhrawardi
mohammad thaghi khammar behrouz romiani mostafa salari

The innovations and innovations of Rumi, the famous Iranian poet and mystic, have made him especially prominent among Iranian poets. The symbolism of cities, in his works, is one of his most beautiful works. In a general division, the symbolic cities mentioned in Rum More

The innovations and innovations of Rumi, the famous Iranian poet and mystic, have made him especially prominent among Iranian poets. The symbolism of cities, in his works, is one of his most beautiful works. In a general division, the symbolic cities mentioned in Rumi's works can be classified into two categories: "City of Light" and "City of Darkness". In Suhrawardi's works, the same procedure can be seen in the form of Suhrawardi's allegories and specific symbols. This research, which is based on the theory of comparative literature, shows that two prominent Iranian thinkers, while benefiting from Iranian and Islamic sources, have created different contexts from the perspective of symbolism. Manuscript profile

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