اخلاقی

Open Access Article

1 - Effect of Work Ethics on Job Stress (Academic Research, A Strategy for Industry)
Ahmad عربشاهی کریزی abolfazl erfanifar

هدف این پژوهش بررسی رابطه اخلاق کاری و استرس شغلی در سازمان می‌باشد و نتایج این تحقیق می تواند راهبرد سازمانها و صنایع را در مواجهه با استرس شغلی تعیین نماید. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری این تحقیق معلمان و کارمندان More

هدف این پژوهش بررسی رابطه اخلاق کاری و استرس شغلی در سازمان می‌باشد و نتایج این تحقیق می تواند راهبرد سازمانها و صنایع را در مواجهه با استرس شغلی تعیین نماید. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری این تحقیق معلمان و کارمندان مدارس ابتدایی می‌باشند که از بین آن‌ها 176نفر به دو پرسشنامه اخلاق کاری و استرس شغلی پاسخ داده‌اند. تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نشان می‌دهد که بین اخلاق کاری و استرس شغلی رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. با توجه به منفی بودن ضریب همبستگی پیرسون، مشخص می‌شود که اخلاق کاری و استرس شغلی رابطه معکوس دارند یعنی هر چه اخلاق کاری افزایش پیدا کند، استرس شغلی کمتر می‌شود. بین مشارکت در کار و استرس شغلی رابطه معناداری وجود ندارد. بین علاقه به کار و استرس شغلی رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. بین پشتکار در کار و استرس شغلی رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. بین روابط انسانی در کار و استرس شغلی رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The relationship between corporate social responsibility and competitive advantage (Case study: industrial group selection)
zohre fehrest Hadi Teimouri reza ansari

Definitely Corporate Social Responsibility in today's competitive world in various fields of business is crucial position due to changes in global markets and sustain competitive advantage for manufacturing companies is very difficult.It was once thought that organizati More

Definitely Corporate Social Responsibility in today's competitive world in various fields of business is crucial position due to changes in global markets and sustain competitive advantage for manufacturing companies is very difficult.It was once thought that organizations are responsible solely to the staff or to be the best consumer products, lower prices and higher quality to their customers.Secondary consequences for not knowing what the product is, today, giving customers an organization of life-giving organizations to continue to operate in competition with others counts. . The present study is applied in terms of purpose applicability and based on the data collection methodnd descriptive and survey type. Required data with questionnaire the customers of Isfahan Selection Industrial Group are gathered and In order to analyze the data, structural equations were used. The results of the research show there is a relationship between dimensions of social responsibility and competitive advantage the organization has taken various social responsibility measures to raise its intellectual capital And it makes the organization different. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - New Method to Improve Illumination Variations in Adult Images Based on Fuzzy Deep Neural Network
Sasan Karamizadeh abouzar arabsorkhi

In the era of the Internet, recognition of adult images is important to children's physical and mental protection. It is a challenge to recognize adult images with changes in the illumination and skin color. In this paper, we proposed a new method for solving illumi More

In the era of the Internet, recognition of adult images is important to children's physical and mental protection. It is a challenge to recognize adult images with changes in the illumination and skin color. In this paper, we proposed a new method for solving illumination normalization with skin color classification in the diagnosis of the adult image. In this paper, the deep fuzzy neural network method is utilized to improve the illumination normalization of adult images, which has improved the recognization of adult images is utilized. Using Xception to dividing the images and reduce the illumination variations in each part separately, which makes it possible to reduce the illumination variation in the whole image without losing details. In addition, the advanced color combination algorithm based on Gaussian-KNN algorithm is used for skin color classification, a non-parametric method is used for classifications and regressions. Finally, the SVM algorithm is utilized for image classification. In this paper, 33,000 different types of images are collected from the Internet. The results show that the proposed method of 1/3 has improved the accuracy of the recognization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The Status of Political Philosophy
مرتضی بحرانی

In questioning the status of political philosophy among other fields of humanities, there would be many answers in different paradigms. In classical thoughts, with a normative view on human being and society, political philosophy lies under the category of practical ph More

In questioning the status of political philosophy among other fields of humanities, there would be many answers in different paradigms. In classical thoughts, with a normative view on human being and society, political philosophy lies under the category of practical philosophy. In this respect, it has a fixed correlation with ethics, and all its statements seem to be universal. But in modern era, the normative characteristic was seen as problematic, and political philosophy was reduced a power/security oriented realm. Protecting itself against the attacks of positivists, political philosophy abandoned its cliams of universality and normativity. In order to retain its existence and to affirm its utility, political philosophy appeared as a paradigm focusing on itself as its object. This is like what happened in the field of linguistics where language turned out to be its subject and object at the same time. Finally, “political entity can be effective and important in explaining the present status of political philosophy, and interprating its meaning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Factors and barriers affecting the Rolling of civic Ethical Politics from Theory to Practice: about the Possibility of Establishing a Moral Politics based on the Philosophy of Levinas and the Experience of Mossadegh
حسین مصباحیان

This article seeks to shed light on the question of what is moral politics and what is its place in the political and moral thought of our time? The article argues that the separation between the two realms of politics and ethics, which Machiavelli has largely proposed, More

This article seeks to shed light on the question of what is moral politics and what is its place in the political and moral thought of our time? The article argues that the separation between the two realms of politics and ethics, which Machiavelli has largely proposed, may and should be considered a positive achievement for both, but the simple, classical, and absolute form of this separation isn’t defensible in our contemporary political and moral thought. For this reason, this article, based on the teachings of one of the most important philosophers of ethics, "Emmanuel Levinas", has tried to help strengthen the theory called "Ethical politics" and by defining ethics as the first philosophy and politics as an instrument to actualize the foundational ethical “Hospitality”, find a way to link ethics as teleology of peace and politics as its practical agent. The second part of the paper extracts and clarifies Mohammad Mossadegh’s notion of “the relationship between ethics and politics”—which serves as the foundation and source of his political activities—from his letters, memoirs, lectures and treatises. A presumption of this paper is that Mossadegh had developed a project within the political sphere which can be deemed as ethical in certain respects. I argue that this project can in turn be interpreted as an indication of the unity between the ethical and political spheres in Mossadegh’s thought. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Genetic Modification of Human Characteristics and Capacities in View of Ethics and Jurisprudence
Akram Safiri Zahrasadat Mirhashemi

Abstract: Genetic technology and its application on man is one of the newly discovered scientific issues that helps genetic modification of human forces and capacities to change him into a super-human. Genetic modification of human capacities is creating a change, alter More

Abstract: Genetic technology and its application on man is one of the newly discovered scientific issues that helps genetic modification of human forces and capacities to change him into a super-human. Genetic modification of human capacities is creating a change, altering or genetically modifying human genes so that some organs function beyond natural limits of humans. Genetic modification does not pursue treatment of people with certain diseases; rather, it reinforces genetic characteristics of a healthy human. The general ethical codes and principles as well as the rule of wisdom that are based on the advantages and disadvantages of using this technology, serve as guidelines for us in issuing an ethical rule on reinforcing human capacities through this technology. To that end, this paper intends to have access to a crystal clear ethical rule on genetic modification based on ethics and Fiqh or Islamic jurisprudence. We will study genetic modification of human capacities by genetic selection of the embryo in comparison with genetic modification of human capacities through genetic recombinant. In the meantime, we will discuss in detail the disadvantages and damages coming from genetic modification, highlight its unethical manners and propose its prohibition by law. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Perceived ethical climate in organization: the concepts and classifications

While there are numerous organizations including moral climate, important for most organizations was perceived ethical climate and ethical behavior is affected employees. Human resources in today's world, the best competitive advantage of the company and any man more th More

While there are numerous organizations including moral climate, important for most organizations was perceived ethical climate and ethical behavior is affected employees. Human resources in today's world, the best competitive advantage of the company and any man more than any other time, the theory of organization and management has become important. Human resources as much as it can help organizations compete, can also be a major obstacle in the way of organization. The research method is analytical and data collection for the library. In this study attempted to perceived ethical climate models and concepts are examined from the perspective of different theorists. Among several categories about perceived ethical climate, Victor and Cullen ethical climate theory, Vidaver and Cohen ethical climate continuum theory, the Webber theory of ethical climate and Arnaud the theory of moral decision-making processes in this study were investigated Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Legal and moarl effects of false advertising

we should account the advertising as a basic Element in the fate of countries, that role plays in both internal and International domain. Sometimes, the advertising is untrue, and includes some Properties that they are not in present goods or specific services .we can s More

we should account the advertising as a basic Element in the fate of countries, that role plays in both internal and International domain. Sometimes, the advertising is untrue, and includes some Properties that they are not in present goods or specific services .we can study this kind of advertising, in different aspects. From these aspects, we can name the legal and moral effects of false advertisings on human rights, society and Audiences. If the ads contain false, they are searchable in Ethics, In addition to the contractual relationship as breach of contract, and in civil liability. The main question of this Article is that what legal liability for false advertising is, and what are effects on contract between the parties, and also what are morally adverse effects on the audience and the community Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Comparative study of moral education Iran, China and America in the modern age in higher education
hasan malaki zakiya abbasi abas abbaspour saeed beheshti

Ethics is an essential component durability and consistency of human societies and moral strength of any society depends on its. The aim of the study was to investigate approaches to moral education in three countries Iran, America and China in general and higher. The r More

Ethics is an essential component durability and consistency of human societies and moral strength of any society depends on its. The aim of the study was to investigate approaches to moral education in three countries Iran, America and China in general and higher. The research method is comparative qualitative survey And required data through library documents, investigative reports and search the World Wide Web is obtained And using a range pattern that describes four steps, interpretation, and compared to the comparative studies indicate proximity; After presenting the facts pertaining to moral criticism similarities and differences and the strengths and weaknesses of each country in this field deals. The results shows that all approach get in religion in any country And stages of moral development in non-Islamic approaches, especially cognitive approach are fixed and unchangeable. While the Islam moral laws and ordinances knows absolute and actual . And except Islam Other approaches emphasize only one aspect of moral education Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Analysis of the quran procedure inealing with thin fidelity (with emphasis on the youth period)

Quran as God's authoritative source and celestial status can be very specifically efficient regarding resolving and expulsion of vices and virtues. The scrutiny of bible verses shows that Quran suggests principles and approaches for moral education of society. One of t More

Quran as God's authoritative source and celestial status can be very specifically efficient regarding resolving and expulsion of vices and virtues. The scrutiny of bible verses shows that Quran suggests principles and approaches for moral education of society. One of these methods is giving admonition. Consequently, what is this method according to bible verses and how and with which approaches can be led to moral education in order to being away from vices and obliquity is our aim in this presence study. This approach which some considered it as an ethical principle, with creating question and argument, edification, good sermons, advice, parable, analogy, admonition and negligence could form remaindering and negligence of individuals and their moral education. The Holy Qur'an express the principles and practices of its implementation in the form of stories and encounters of prophets with infidelity, therefore, man learns to use these tools in order to create favorable ethical traits and attempt to wipe out the deviations and perversions. The emphasis of this study is on the verses which indicating infidelity, especially at a young age is taken and this article describes and investigates them according to the mentioned issues Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Spiritual health of the soul From the perspective of Zakaria raazi In the book Medicine Spiritual

One of the most important aspects of human existence, which is the spiritual dimension Efforts to keep it healthy it is Islam Razi in his spiritual medicine has also paid special attention to this issue The main purpose of this study, the expression of Razes is how to m More

One of the most important aspects of human existence, which is the spiritual dimension Efforts to keep it healthy it is Islam Razi in his spiritual medicine has also paid special attention to this issue The main purpose of this study, the expression of Razes is how to maintain spiritual health And analytical approach to the realization that prevention and treatment of mental health and breathtaking views has been a mystery In religious teachings both science and faith in God and good deeds are the main pillars of spiritual health. The findings show that Razi, the rule of reason over passion and self-purification other powers and combat the moral vices such as envy, jealousy and what a breath of signs being healthy states Manuscript profile

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12 - Moral Judgment based on situation exceptionalization: A Phenomenological Investigation of Research Ethics

This paper is targeted at Shiraz university doctoral students’ understanding of research ethics using phenomenology as its research strategy. Eight students participated in this research by deep interview. Using interpretative phenomenology, as the first step, we identi More

This paper is targeted at Shiraz university doctoral students’ understanding of research ethics using phenomenology as its research strategy. Eight students participated in this research by deep interview. Using interpretative phenomenology, as the first step, we identified seven sub-themes through an inductive analysis of the data. Then, these sub-themes were conceptualized and categorized to generate themes that could describe how students understand ethical conditions in research. The two themes generated—‘‘Rethinking about concepts,’’ and ‘‘Enlightening diversity of situations’’—delineate “situation exceptionalization” for students, as the pivotal lived experience of the participants in which their encounters with various ethical dilemmas determine their moral judgment. As such, they single out their desired interpretation from diversity of situations so as to manage contradictions Manuscript profile

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13 - Explanation of sociological and ethical bed the foundations of dialogue in the thought of Imam Khomeini (RA)

This article pays with sociological explanation, to examine foundations of dialogue in the thought of Imam Khomeini (RA), using the method of documents, content analysis of texts, and emphasized the literature of derived for the Koran, and Max Weber's theory of charisma More

This article pays with sociological explanation, to examine foundations of dialogue in the thought of Imam Khomeini (RA), using the method of documents, content analysis of texts, and emphasized the literature of derived for the Koran, and Max Weber's theory of charismatic leadership and Crane Brinton's theory of revolution. In the documents taking notes from most of works of Imam Khomeini (RA). The Imam greatness is that we can show originality thought in his work, so pay attention to Imam Khomeini's thought is needed more than the past.The Imam with ethics and his transcendent character could convert intellectual discipline to social order with new structure, and he challenged with critical analysis the discourse of previous them. So we can say, Imam has dialogue follow from prophets and from dialogue method is used further in explanation and reform and Distribution , of course if there is no result, he did insurrection and war. Imam with his interactive approach, thought of unilateral and biased deposited to Museum of history of thought. He has done affairs in diplomatic exchanges according to ethical principles and good of society and disposal of corruption. So in the analysis of their ideas, it should be noted, the proven principles of their thought. Design of religious thought and ethics in the world and globalization of Islam, awareness, distinguish real Islam from American Islam, special attention to human resources, application of concepts based on Islam, mutual respect and observance of justice between governments, thought expedient, pondering and realism, believing people, Futurology are foundations of his dialogue Manuscript profile

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14 - The analysis of the relationship between ethical climate and innovation: the mediating role of creativity

Background: Given the importance of creativity and innovation for survival in today's world, Many researches have been done on the causes of creativity and innovation. This research with the introduction of concepts such as ethical climate, creativity and innovation, st More

Background: Given the importance of creativity and innovation for survival in today's world, Many researches have been done on the causes of creativity and innovation. This research with the introduction of concepts such as ethical climate, creativity and innovation, study the relationship between these concepts and How to influence them. Method: The purpose of this research is application and the method of data collection is like Descriptive - correlational research. Target population was employees of the National Bank of Mashhad and used data is collected from employees of the National Bank. Research instruments were creativity 9 questions questionnaire, innovation 8 item questionnaire and 8 questions questionnaire of ethical climate.To analyze the findings and confirm the pattern of research is used of structural equations modeling. Findings: The result of research indicate that the ethical climate has a significant and positive influence on creativity and innovation but the mediator has no effect on the intensity of the relationship. Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that the direct impact of ethical climate on innovation more than the effect of ethical climate on innovation through creativity mediator. Manuscript profile

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15 - Racism in Kant’s ethical view with accumbency on categorical imperative
mohsen javady

Racism in its broad sense, means the superiority of some others over the others on their race. Subjects about Racism has considerate in different fields including politics, sociology, law, psychology and especially in ethics. In some ethical systems, such as Kant's ethi More

Racism in its broad sense, means the superiority of some others over the others on their race. Subjects about Racism has considerate in different fields including politics, sociology, law, psychology and especially in ethics. In some ethical systems, such as Kant's ethics, racism, as well as many other topics, is not consider. But this does not mean that the system cannot consider and investigate on racism. In this paper, we try to investigate Kant’s point of view in his ethical system on racism by using his idea on triple rule of categorical imperative and finally this result will occur that Kant, on the basis of their moral system cannot be justified racism either. For Kant, moral virtue consists of duty or act according to the task, which cannot communicate with the race of the subject of the verb. Manuscript profile

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16 - Business ethics and ethical trading
حمید رضانیا شیرازی

In today's world due to ethical issues in international trade and the economy in general, has gained extraordinary importance. Business ethics is a branch of applied ethics and spiritual morality or ethical issues arising from what I have in the business environment or More

In today's world due to ethical issues in international trade and the economy in general, has gained extraordinary importance. Business ethics is a branch of applied ethics and spiritual morality or ethical issues arising from what I have in the business environment or business environment examined. Also due to economic globalization, the development of communication and thereby expanding markets, the need for ethical points in trade has increased more than any other time. Religions and especially Islam and Ahlul Bayt(a.s) 's interpretation emphasizes important in creating moral basis for better life of all faiths have been targets of religious teachings is evident. In fact, according to Islamic teachings real strategy for a better life and stay ahead of the opening perfectionism best solution is to resort to trade where ethics to be done carefully. Manuscript profile

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17 - Euthanasia and differences in Jurisprudential، ethical between two kinds of active and passive

There are several different types of euthanasia That morally and fiqh are different from each other. Distinguish two major types، it is in the first type، Kill terminally ill with no hope of recovery، But the second type، leaves him to die. Evaluation of this distinctio More

There are several different types of euthanasia That morally and fiqh are different from each other. Distinguish two major types، it is in the first type، Kill terminally ill with no hope of recovery، But the second type، leaves him to die. Evaluation of this distinction، can be responsive to the important question is whether the fiqh-ethical leaving for death is like killing? Many of moral philosophers consider the two types of morally equal. But in this paper highlight the distinction between the two types of euthanasia is clear that in terms of moral and juridical never be able to match; But as the active kind، it is clear forbidden and unethical، In a passive kind، it becomes clear that it is not forbidden. And the patients is terminally ill with no hope of recovery، There is no moral and religious duty to the patient's physician or even the sick person، to try to be kept him alive more. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - The Study of Factors Affecting Ethical Behavior in Consumers

Today, one the most important topic in management research is ethics. Several studies have conducted for examining the consumer ethical behavior. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors influencing ethical behavior in consumers. This paper reviewed the effe More

Today, one the most important topic in management research is ethics. Several studies have conducted for examining the consumer ethical behavior. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors influencing ethical behavior in consumers. This paper reviewed the effect of demographic, social, psychological factors and religious beliefs on consumers' ethical behavior. The target statistical population contains customers of chain stores in the Kermanshah city. A questionnaire is designed by the researchers for collecting data. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software is used for descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that demographic factors, social factors, psychological and religious beliefs influence the ethical behavior of the consumer and Socio-cultural factors that most influence the ethical behavior of consumers. The results of research can be used by Manufacturers and marketers in the field of environmental protection and encouraging consumers to take ethical consumption. Manuscript profile

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19 - The process of change moral values in the Eyes of George Gerbner and its criticism
محمد حسین ایراندوست

George Gerbner, professor of communications and founder of the "cultivation theory", believed that television shares important elements among heterogeneous populations, including: religious and moral values . It was initially welcomed by researchers in the West. Graebn More

George Gerbner, professor of communications and founder of the "cultivation theory", believed that television shares important elements among heterogeneous populations, including: religious and moral values . It was initially welcomed by researchers in the West. Graebner positivist assumptions and the process of change moral values in this theory, has caused the need for research on the possibility or impossibility of changing values. This article with the descriptive and analytical method investigates the possibility or impossibility of changing moral values at some School of Moral. and it is studied the variability of moral values and ethics in the field of communication and moral. Manuscript profile

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20 - The Theory of the Moral Permissibility of the Subjective Harm
شیرزاد پیک حرفه

This paper shows that Mill has used 18 different terms for “harm” in his On Liberty. Then, it criticizes Mill’s “Harm Principle” and, instead, raises a new theory entitled the “Moral Permissibility of the Subjective Harm.” This theory is based on the “necessity” and “av More

This paper shows that Mill has used 18 different terms for “harm” in his On Liberty. Then, it criticizes Mill’s “Harm Principle” and, instead, raises a new theory entitled the “Moral Permissibility of the Subjective Harm.” This theory is based on the “necessity” and “avoidability” of the “harm.” It uses “~□p → ◊~p” formula in the “deontic logic” to show the “unnecessity” and “avoidability” of the “harm” and distinguish “subjective” from “objective” “harm:” X is “objective” iff (if and only if) it is “necessary” or “unavoidable,” and it is “subjective” iff it is “unnecessary” or “avoidable.” Finally, it will describe the “reasons” and “consequences” of the “moral permissibility” of the “subjective harm.” Manuscript profile

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21 - Effective moral attributes in Ijtihad

Ijtihad’s goal is acquisition of true knowledge of juristic judgements and the knowledge is affected by various elements. Moral attributes of the religious jurist, divided into virtues and evils, is one of the elements. virtues affect true knowledge and comprehension More

Ijtihad’s goal is acquisition of true knowledge of juristic judgements and the knowledge is affected by various elements. Moral attributes of the religious jurist, divided into virtues and evils, is one of the elements. virtues affect true knowledge and comprehension of Islamic jurisprudence significantly, as evils prevent it, therefore, recognition of the effective attributes in Ijtihad (both virtues and evils) is necessary. Religious jurist must try to acquire the true knowledge, consequently, he should arrange moral virtues that affect the knowledge and be free from moral evils, too`. Effect of moral attributes in Ijtihad ,as a principle, is the preconception. In this article by both rational or traditional methods, researchers investigate which attributes affect Ijtihad. Moral justice, fair thought, humility, egoism, mundane, hastiness and hostility are the most important moral attributes that affect Ijtihad. Manuscript profile

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22 - Query on the Robert Merrihew Adams's theory of virtue and the moral argument from the best explanation of objective moral values for the existence of God
امیرعباس علیزمانی

With the advent of scientific advances in recent centuries, widespread philosophical criticisms weakened the traditional evidences and compelled the theistic to pursue novel evidences such as ethics to support their ideas., the moral argument of Robert Merrihew Adams is More

With the advent of scientific advances in recent centuries, widespread philosophical criticisms weakened the traditional evidences and compelled the theistic to pursue novel evidences such as ethics to support their ideas., the moral argument of Robert Merrihew Adams is one of the contemporary moral argument for the existence of God. By devised the theory of virtue by Adams, offers a new explanation of moral values which have ability to justify the objectivity of moral values, as the most important element of Ethics Meaningful, and also have ability to justify The truth of theism, as a important part of this explanation. In this article we have tried to explain this idea and described this theory and analyzed the argument which raised from this theory and prepared evidences and reasons for the existence of God and then we examine the critics of that Manuscript profile

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23 - Evaluating the Impact of Economic Poverty Ineffective moral education system
علی احمد ناصح Reza Najafi

Economic poverty, an ominous phenomenon that has always threatened human societies and has been the cause of moral and educational harm. The current issue is how and how much influence and impacts of economic poverty on other educational and moral dimensions, as well as More

Economic poverty, an ominous phenomenon that has always threatened human societies and has been the cause of moral and educational harm. The current issue is how and how much influence and impacts of economic poverty on other educational and moral dimensions, as well as its role in the inefficiency of moral education. Field studies and surveys clearly show that the contribution of harm to economic poverty, morbidity, and delinquency is far more than other personal and social factors. In addition, economic poverty is also a serious obstacle to the efficiency of ethical education. Economic poverty is the root cause of causing poverty, emotional poverty, cultural poverty, social poverty, political poverty and poverty. Each of these titles is a barrier to creativity. Therefore, the teachings of Islam about the prevalence of economic poverty in society Has given a serious warning and it has disturbed the educational and moral system. Manuscript profile

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24 - Threefold meanings of happiness in kant
mohsen javady

In his moral theory, kant has argued the three concepts of happiness that we could interpret about them as desire happiness, moral happiness and final happiness. Although it seems he faild to state a determinate concept of happiness, there is a organic unity between con More

In his moral theory, kant has argued the three concepts of happiness that we could interpret about them as desire happiness, moral happiness and final happiness. Although it seems he faild to state a determinate concept of happiness, there is a organic unity between concepts of apparently conflicting of happiness. This paper aims to indicate this unity and reveal the important that kant gives to moral happiness. Moreover, it indicate According to Kant, whereas happiness is lower than the virtue, has two important role: happiness at the beginning of ethics, preventing of temptation to the violation of duties, help our to be virtuous and at the end of ethics serve as reward of virtue. So kant argues that trying to get happy in the context of ethics, is indirect duty of reason, which could indicate it as moral happiness. Manuscript profile

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25 - Studying the Relationship between "Moral Value" and "Making Informed choices" viewpoint of Nahj al-Balāghah
mohsen javady Fatemeh marzeih Hosseini kashani

The honorable book, Nahj al-Balāghah, is the moral and valuable treasury of Islamic school. So, explaining "what is moral value" from point of view of this great book, in presenting "Islamic moral theory" is helpful. Moral value belongs to secondary philosophical inel More

The honorable book, Nahj al-Balāghah, is the moral and valuable treasury of Islamic school. So, explaining "what is moral value" from point of view of this great book, in presenting "Islamic moral theory" is helpful. Moral value belongs to secondary philosophical inelligibles. Therefore defining it by differentia and genus is impossible, and one of the ways to discover its essence and identity is to study the relationship between "moral value" and other different things, like act itself, act consequence, agent's intention, and his/her making informed or uninformed choices. So, one of important questions in this arena is that "how does moral value link to person's making informed choices?" The result, obtained out of investigating moral statements of Nahj al-Balāghah, and through scrutiny of the role of intellect and affection in acts moral value, is that from viewpoint of Nahj al-Balāghah, intellect is central, and affection impacts on valuableness of acts when it is dominated by intellect, though the influence of affection on moral value isn't denied and the Imām praises and disapproves some of affections and emotions and sometimes sees some role for affection in valuableness of acts Manuscript profile

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26 - The pattern of implementation of moral education based on the requirements of human dignity, with emphasis on the views of Kant and Martyr Motahhari

In this paper, we aim to present a model and model of moral education based on the requirements of human dignity from the perspective of Immanuel Kant and Morteza Motahari. Therefore, at the outset, the concept of dignity and the content of the word human dignity and it More

In this paper, we aim to present a model and model of moral education based on the requirements of human dignity from the perspective of Immanuel Kant and Morteza Motahari. Therefore, at the outset, the concept of dignity and the content of the word human dignity and its importance are analyzed in Kant and Motahari. Finally, moral education based on the requirements of human dignity (educational implications of human dignity requirements), using the tools of the works of these two Muslim scholars And the Christian has been analyzed Manuscript profile

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27 - Designing a Bleilian Model for Human Resource Excellence for the Ministry of Education of Iran (with a Behavioral-Ethical Approach)
Mohsen Emamifar naser mirsepasi seyed jamaledin tabibi

The purpose of this study is to design an appropriate model for human resources excellence in the Ministry of Education with a behavioral-ethical approach. This research is based on the goal of a fundamental research. Based on the research design and the method of data More

The purpose of this study is to design an appropriate model for human resources excellence in the Ministry of Education with a behavioral-ethical approach. This research is based on the goal of a fundamental research. Based on the research design and the method of data collection, the present study is a descriptive (non-experimental), exploratory and exploratory research. In order to validate the proposed model, Delphi technique was used by several faculty members, thinkers, talents and experts. The research was carried out in four stages and Finally, the Brilliant Temple of Human Resource Excellence was designed in five main processes, 22 components and 10 comprehensive criteria and presented as a model for human-behavioral ethics pathology and Human Resources Excellence Award at the Ministry of Education. Manuscript profile

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28 - Jurisprudential thematic diversity: challenges andanswers (analytical study of nature of judges,justice at the scholars ,statement)
mm aa aa aa Mohammadkazem Rahmansetayesh

jurisprudential views showing the structure of justice include the apparent behavioral goodness,pertinacious queen in human soul,shunning the forbidden deeds, lack of debauchery in behavior, and loyalty to the basis of religion which face with jurisprudential uses and c More

jurisprudential views showing the structure of justice include the apparent behavioral goodness,pertinacious queen in human soul,shunning the forbidden deeds, lack of debauchery in behavior, and loyalty to the basis of religion which face with jurisprudential uses and challenges and the analysis of each of them returns to the three basic elements of goodness in appearance, how to act or the influence of the queen of justice. The mentioned concepts and the absolute induction in imams jurisprudenc texts bring new meanings of the justice related to the ‘certain quantity’to the mind which will respond to the internal and external challenges of the quotations of the jurists . The analysis and answerTo each of them have been presented and described in this paper in detail. Manuscript profile

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29 - Contents battle of passion in poems of mystical prose works from 5th to 8th Century of Hegira
Nahid mosaffa reza Haidari Nori

One of the aims of Sufism is educate and instruct and the first of the educate of sufismis is disapproval of the univers and passions.repetition of this discussion In prose and pomes works shows this discussion is important . The purpose of these research is conucupis More

One of the aims of Sufism is educate and instruct and the first of the educate of sufismis is disapproval of the univers and passions.repetition of this discussion In prose and pomes works shows this discussion is important . The purpose of these research is conucupiscence congnition and introduce how to smite conucupiscenc in the research purported that conucupiscence is the most enemy for human thus with the meth of the analytical and descriptive investigate Contents battle of passion in poems of mystical prose works from 5th to 8th Century of Hegira.Rsesult : the mystics have insisted Conucupiscence more than another of the passions with introducing characteristic of Conucupiscence like selfabsorption ,indolence,greed, … they have introduced the passion . they have showed ascesis is the best way to smite the conucupiscence and also ethic like humility , thruth, deliverance is the best way to edification of conucupiscence. Manuscript profile

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30 - Checking the place of Intention in The Moral System of Allameh Tabatabaee and Michael Slote
zahra khazaie Maryam Larijani maryam sadat nabavi meybodi

Intention as a mentally process have a important place in ethics. In order to analysis of the intention and checking in the role of its semantic, ontology and valorization in morality has been paid attention to two famous philosophy that’s mean Allameh Tabatabaee and M More

Intention as a mentally process have a important place in ethics. In order to analysis of the intention and checking in the role of its semantic, ontology and valorization in morality has been paid attention to two famous philosophy that’s mean Allameh Tabatabaee and Michael Slote. So the role of intention in moral agent and action and its relation with character has been explored. At the end, similar approach understood regarding definition of the intention in both. But about the role of semantic, valorization and ontology of intention have been seen differences in morality. This suggests their difference in the content of their thought. Manuscript profile

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31 - Jurisprudential and ethical analysis of business risk and comparing it to Garar with an emphasis on general rules of revenue generating risk
Seyyed Mohammad Sadegh Mousavi Ruhollah Raisi

"With technological development and increasing needs of societies, new economical transactions have been formed in societies in which risk has been embedded in the heart of these transactions. Risk in its literal meaning is “The danger resulting from uncertainty about a More

"With technological development and increasing needs of societies, new economical transactions have been formed in societies in which risk has been embedded in the heart of these transactions. Risk in its literal meaning is “The danger resulting from uncertainty about a possible occurrence of an incident in future”. Risk is a necessity for most of national and international commercial activities. In addition, in ethical perspective, humans’ development in individual, social, and economical, etc. aspects are guided by human’s behavior and decisions. It is obvious that realization of this aim is possible in certain and usual situations. However, in risky situations where a human is uncertain about or unaware of the consequences of his action, it seems difficult to make a decision that is in line with ethical norms. Hence, the present study in addition to analyzing business risk and comparing it to Gharar , aims at answering this fundamental question: what are the fundamentals of jurisprudential legitimacy and ethical narrative of revenue generating risk? The current study by using a descriptive-analytical method will show that: first, Gharar arises from ignorance or risks related to the pillars of contract and its outcome in transactions is the unfair increase in ones’ wealth to the detriment of the other one in the contract. However, risk in business is related to the future of invested capital and it has no relation with pillars of contract. Meanwhile, any profit or loss from business risk is a consequence of economic changes in supply and demand. Second, legitimacy of revenue risk as the superstructure can be inferred from the analysis of general jurisprudential rules on revenue generating risk with the centrality of the rule “Al-kharaj bial-ziman (profits against ‎liability)”. Third, in ethical perspective, a risk is considered legitimate if it is taken wisely and fairly and is based on individual and social interests. " Manuscript profile

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32 - The ethical-psychological foundations of the necessity for states crimes criminalization with emphasis on government models
Maaz Abdolahi Sayed Mahmood MirKhalili

All around the world, there has been love for power, competition and hatred; and the mean people have enjoyed observing the suffering of others. When the prophets of God sought to correct the people and their societies, bring reconciliation and peace and guide people, a More

All around the world, there has been love for power, competition and hatred; and the mean people have enjoyed observing the suffering of others. When the prophets of God sought to correct the people and their societies, bring reconciliation and peace and guide people, a great number of people of that time disagreed with them; because, their guidance was contrary to the superficial and common aspirations of those societies and their people. In this regard, one of the most controversial issues among the nations and governments is states crimes, which affect the physical, psychological, ethical, social and individual well-being of the citizens. No Jurisdiction, institution, or law has placed this behavior in the banned area of conduct and does not impose any liability, especially criminal liability, on the states. The present article seeks to analyze and prove the necessity of criminalization of states crime from the perspective of ethical-psychological foundations. Manuscript profile

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33 - Principles and reasons for monitoring people in the constitution Emphasizing the ethical approach
Ali Kazemzadeh

In the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the most important area of oversight is the oversight of the rulers, since the harmful effects of leaving it far outweigh the effects of the abandonment of people's control over the people. Obviously, if we consider the gov More

In the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the most important area of oversight is the oversight of the rulers, since the harmful effects of leaving it far outweigh the effects of the abandonment of people's control over the people. Obviously, if we consider the government responsible for public order, the government's oversight of the people is more important than the other one. Legally, the oversight of the state and the governments is the duty of all citizens, and everyone is obliged to do the duty of good and forbidding the wrong both to the brokers and to the laws and regulations if they violate the rights of the people. These teachings should be accompanied by a precise explanation of the theoretical and practical boundaries so that it can produce a very useful and fruitful function. In Islam and the Islamic Republic, responsible government officials, orbital ethics, trustworthiness of power, error and inerrancy, and acceptance of republicanism, are the reasons for the oversight of power. This oversight does not accept any restrictions on government and government officials; rulers, governors, and Muslims with all of their high status are not excluded from this monitoring; in spite of this, Islam has established its social method and laws based on morality. It has focused on educating people based on ethical standards. The enforcement of laws has also led to moral education. This executive guarantee, like the internal police, is constantly and completely hidden in secret, unobtrusive, and inaccessible to human beings and prevents misconduct and error. Among the principles of supervision of people in the government in the constitution of the Islamic Republic is based on the principle of the eighth commandment to the famous and non-denominator, which is one of the social laws of the Islamic religion, which is obligatory on the basis of society, and the basis for the prevention and acceptance of this jurisprudence Islamic holy religion is the creation of a sense of public responsibility and universal supervision, in order to ensure the implementation of religious standards and to avoid the prevalence of corruption in society and the reform of affairs. Manuscript profile

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34 - Security Policy Analysis in the Light of Human Rights
Eslam Mondani Mohammad Ashouri

Security orientation is a strategy the admissible and successful influence of which on the dominant area of criminal policy in the society implicates consistency and agreement with restrictive human rights criteria as well as adherence to privacy and inherent dignity of More

Security orientation is a strategy the admissible and successful influence of which on the dominant area of criminal policy in the society implicates consistency and agreement with restrictive human rights criteria as well as adherence to privacy and inherent dignity of human beings. Thus, in case the security orientation discourse fails to ensure the human rights principles underlined by the international law for any reason, then it may not be considered a justified policy as it would face failure and defeat in the battle in the long run. Taking into account the various temporal and spatial cirumstances and adhering to the contents of international documents and conventions are propositions considered as the main provision for positive consequence of the quality of interaction between security-oriented criminal policy and human rights principles and criteria which may contribute significantly to obviation of many obstacles blocking such interaction. This article seeks to address the question on the status of interaction between human rights principles and the security-oriented system of thought and to discover, in general, the human rights restriction on this pattern. Manuscript profile

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35 - The senses of citizenship obligation at criminal law of iran
Abbas Zera,at Meysam Nematollahi

Citizens as a part of society has rights that nowadays known as citizenship rights ,so that the citizens because of its presence and active role at making and management of society has obligation and duty ,so that in all of the public law area for citizen some duty has More

Citizens as a part of society has rights that nowadays known as citizenship rights ,so that the citizens because of its presence and active role at making and management of society has obligation and duty ,so that in all of the public law area for citizen some duty has recognized ,but that which has the citizen at criminal law with due attention to sovereigntialitical nature of criminal law has dutes which does not acting citizens can use criminal sanctions. With review of criminal law can say that the citizen at criminal law as other area of public law has duty ,the duty to impeach the crime and to be witness and the duty to presence at court are some duty that can mention beside the knowledge of law and care of citizen health. Manuscript profile

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36 - Ethical and Behavioral Standards: Legal Reading and Their Social Effects
Mohammad Reza Vijeh Azad Rezaei

Ethical and behavioral standards (professional standards) are based on several principles, values and ethical standards related to occupations that ethical standards like ethical and value declarations determine ethical virtues and behavioral standards set them to guide More

Ethical and behavioral standards (professional standards) are based on several principles, values and ethical standards related to occupations that ethical standards like ethical and value declarations determine ethical virtues and behavioral standards set them to guide the members of minor areas. On the other hand, in particular, our country faces a range of problems and challenges such as the water crisis, the environmental crisis, the crisis of public trust and other social crises which in many cases may threat the integrity of the country. It is believed that such problems are derived from inattention of moral values, preference of personal and group interests to public interest and corruption in general and etc,. Our assumption is that the adoption of professional standards in every kind and in particular, legal perceptions of them will lead to the rule of ethical values at the levels of occupation at first and then, lead to ethical excellence of a large part of society. In the meantime, we found through descriptive-analytical study that ethical excellence, fight against corruption and the strengthening of public trust, the safeguarding of citizenship rights, the strengthening of professional solidarity, the preservation of the dignity and integrity of the minor areas, and etc., will be prove to be true as the positive effects that can overcome many of mentioned problems. Manuscript profile

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37 - Ethical Components in the Structure of the Commercial Model between Iran and Russia
Beitollah Akbari Moghadam Alireza Keshavarz Ghasemi

In a turbulent world today, all countries are thinking of exporting their goods outside the domestic markets. Due to the rapid change in the business environment at the international level, it is important to examine factors affecting the export performance of enterpris More

In a turbulent world today, all countries are thinking of exporting their goods outside the domestic markets. Due to the rapid change in the business environment at the international level, it is important to examine factors affecting the export performance of enterprises. The present study has two parts. The first part involves a quantitative analysis using a quasi-gravity model. In the second part, based on the structural equation technique, the effect of individual and environmental factors on the export performance of the business enterprises has been investigated. Considering the fact that the number of exporting companies to Russia is limited in Qazvin and Tehran provinces, the sampling method (available) has been used and 39 questionnaires have been distributed among the main exporters. The research findings indicate that trade between Iran and Russia follows the Hakeshir-Oholian Relative Advantage Act, and the trade between the two countries for Iran is between industrial and non-industrial ones. In the qualitative analysis, the present study also concluded that factors such as the trust of Iranian exporters in the Russian importer's private sector and the existence of a reliable bank for currency transfers, as well as attention to other Russian regions (except Moscow) among other personal factors And the environment with the first to third ranks of the export performance of Iranian business firms. Manuscript profile

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38 - Investigating the Ethical System in the Arbitration of Foreign Investment
Habibullah Brahui Moghadam Mohammad Abouata Hamid Masjed Serai

As national laws and regulations have been established for the purpose of resolving and resolving disputes between the corporate entities, governments have been created. In international relations, there has also been an imperfect, even incomplete, regulation of dispute More

As national laws and regulations have been established for the purpose of resolving and resolving disputes between the corporate entities, governments have been created. In international relations, there has also been an imperfect, even incomplete, regulation of disputes between individuals and individuals, including a country and an international organization and a company that has been subject to these disputes. International trade was adopted as the latest and most important legislative change in Iran in the field of arbitration, mainly aimed at promoting arbitration and harmony with the international legal system. Foreign investment is one of the areas that has been heavily influenced by international arbitration, and the first step in this direction is to create a proper legal system for balancing and balancing through the application of financial mechanisms and the establishment of appropriate rules and regulations, Provide guarantees to investors. Therefore, in this research, the frameworks and ways of resolving disputes between foreign investors and governments are discussed at the time of the occurrence of the dispute. Manuscript profile

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39 - The Causes and Consequences of Ethical Delinquency of Children and Adolescents in Telegram and Instagram Social Networksg
mohamad sadeq chavooshi Hadi Karamati Moez

Children and teenagers are the most vulnerable in social networking telegrams and instagrams; social networks expose under-age users to a huge amount of information, partly because of their inappropriateness of age and rational growth and the rate The child's knowledge More

Children and teenagers are the most vulnerable in social networking telegrams and instagrams; social networks expose under-age users to a huge amount of information, partly because of their inappropriateness of age and rational growth and the rate The child's knowledge can have harmful effects. Therefore, it is essential that the skills needed to be present on the social networks of telegrams and instagrams are taught to children and their parents, as well as the causes and effects of the moral delinquency of this vulnerable stratum in social networks. Prevent possible damage. In this paper, through analytical-descriptive research method, a library is used to identify the causes and effects of moral delinquency of children and adolescents in the social networks of Telegram and Instagram. Manuscript profile

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40 - The analysis of the doctrine of the intellectual property support structure of nanotechnology in the World Trade Organization
Reza Soudi Seyyed Qasim Zamani Abu Mohammad Asgerkhani

The World Trade Organization (WTO), as a regulator, has begun to harmonize some of the principles governing intellectual property protection. Although the role of resolving disputes by the organization is also remarkable, it should be noted that part of the activities o More

The World Trade Organization (WTO), as a regulator, has begun to harmonize some of the principles governing intellectual property protection. Although the role of resolving disputes by the organization is also remarkable, it should be noted that part of the activities of the World Trade Organization include the principles that underpin the protection of intellectual property. Since nanotechnology is one of the technologies that requires serious intellectual property protection from its inventions, it seems necessary to provide a framework for supporting this technology. On the other hand, it should be pointed out that the frameworks specified in the TRIPs are sometimes not in line with the existing situation, and it seems that some features of nanotechnology are not well considered. It is therefore proposed that the Nanotechnology Doctrine be considered in support of nanotechnology in the framework of the WTO rules, because the features in nanotechnology have made some conditions for supporting this technology different from other inventions of technology. In this paper, we try to place the World Trade Organization as a regulator in relation to intellectual property, especially nanotechnology, and, finally, consider the framework of the Nanotechnology Support Doctrine in accordance with the foundations of the World Trade Organization. Manuscript profile

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41 - Modeling the properties of food packaging and its impact on the decision making of customer purchasing with a moral approach
Dariush Zarei Hossein Vazifeh Dust Vahid Reza Mirayei

One of the most influential components in the sales process is the design and design of the packaging structure. This design is sometimes inspired by product-related elements such as product geometry, product origin, or product geography. As customers nowadays have more More

One of the most influential components in the sales process is the design and design of the packaging structure. This design is sometimes inspired by product-related elements such as product geometry, product origin, or product geography. As customers nowadays have more power than ever, they tend to look at the descriptions and ingredients of each These products are not comparable to them. Of course, given the fact that there is still a bulk buying culture in our country, there is still a long way to see the growth of packaging products, but these days, exporters have realized that No matter, this sector will not succeed in the global market, and we all know It was because of this package that we handed over the zooghfran to Spain, and if the manufacturer of the corners of the box shows that it is in order to improve the packaging of its products from bad to medium and still a place for innovative packaging in the country's industry It is not intended to be included in this paper. In this paper, we have reviewed the packaging packing protocols, so that we can take steps to help producers and increase sales. Manuscript profile

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42 - The economic rights of coastal countries in different maritime areas In the shadow of moral teachings
maryam shamoni Ahwazi mansour atashene basem mavali zadeh

Governance is one of the most fundamental concepts related to the formation and sustainability of the state-state, which gives the legitimate and objective faculties of the government of that country. This concept defines the scope of the authority of the political syst More

Governance is one of the most fundamental concepts related to the formation and sustainability of the state-state, which gives the legitimate and objective faculties of the government of that country. This concept defines the scope of the authority of the political system and governing institutions within the country and in foreign relations. In addition to the political borders of the land, the sovereignty of the countries has come at the blue borders. In marine environments, coastal countries are qualified after considering the economic bases of the maritime zones. In this regard, one of the roots of the disagreements arises here from which developed countries want to dominate economic zones and limit the domination of governments The coast was around the waters around you. On the other hand, colonized and developing countries are demanding more seaweed for economic protection from their land areas. In this study, the purpose of this study was to examine the economic rights of coastal countries in different marine areas. And then collect information using the library method and phishing. Manuscript profile

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43 - Examining the appropriate pattern of moral hazard in the non-financial terms of oil and gas contracts
Davood Baghaee Babak Vosoughifard Homayoun Habibi

Today, oil has a lot in the economy of its producing countries. For numerous reasons, including the colonial relations between the producing countries and the colonial peoples on the one hand, and the lack of specialist forces and the necessary capital for oil productio More

Today, oil has a lot in the economy of its producing countries. For numerous reasons, including the colonial relations between the producing countries and the colonial peoples on the one hand, and the lack of specialist forces and the necessary capital for oil production in the Third World countries, with the participation of mainly capitalists from industrialized countries. For this reason, the legal nature of these relationships has been the subject of many discussions. On the one hand, the general and economic aspects and its moral hazard for the host country and the private aspects of capitalism have added to the difficulty of the discussion. The financial and non-financial conditions of such contracts have changed dramatically in different periods of history, creating many patterns. The political and economic changes in the world, in turn, have brought about changes and changes in the context of these relations and its moral hazard. A survey of the first form of these oil relations, signed under the title "Concession Concession" of capital investors with oil-rich governments, has revealed that today's conventional contracts can outline the different aspects of morality in these contracts. In this paper, the study of the appropriate model of moral hazard in the non-financial conditions of oil and gas contracts in Iran is carried out in a descriptive-analytical manner.. Manuscript profile

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44 - constitutionial and jurisprudential buoldings provide a judgs knowledge as a conflict of interest and evidence
مهدی بهره مند ahmadreza tavakoli mohammadhadi mahdavi

In this paper, the conflict between the judge's knowledge and other evidence of legal proof with an approach to the jurisprudential and ethical principles has been investigated. In the process of this research, the ethical, legal and jurisprudential issues and concepts More

In this paper, the conflict between the judge's knowledge and other evidence of legal proof with an approach to the jurisprudential and ethical principles has been investigated. In the process of this research, the ethical, legal and jurisprudential issues and concepts in the direction of realization of the research foundations and the subject are presented and according to The moral principles, jurisprudential arguments, and the principled rules of the authority of the judge's knowledge have been violated, with the statement that when claims with supposed arguments such as confessions and binetry that are incompletely explicable can be proved, then the first is the knowledge of the judge who has the whole Kashfit Is true. Therefore, during the process of hearing and issuing a vote, the necessity and necessity of realizing the persuasion of the judge's conscience is inevitable for the discovery of the truth, and this persuasion is based on moral standards such as patience, justice, justice, equality, and so on. Why The lack of these matters can be a barrier to the judge's knowledge of his conscience, for example, a judge who does not have a moral and social justice, will not be the judge of justice in the first instance. The priority of science has been proved by the judge's suspect and prioritization of Binet and the Emirates, Rahjān and the priority of the judge's knowledge. After verifying the priority of the judge's knowledge, based on the principles of jurisprudence and ethics that underlie their judgments, they can be innovated and redistributed. This study, as a judge and court judge, especially where the legislator has held silence as a conflict, finds that the judge can handle the priority of judge's judgment. Manuscript profile

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45 - Looke of educational moral and teching in Forough Farrokhzad and Nazek Almalaek,s poem
farideh salamatnia saeid kheirkhahbarzaki Abdolreza modarres Zadeh

In the "Age of Friction of Metals," contemporary humans need more than ever the didactic teaching. With all the benefits of this era, one can see that today man is searching for ways to fill the vacuum created by the lack of spirituality and the result of this explorati More

In the "Age of Friction of Metals," contemporary humans need more than ever the didactic teaching. With all the benefits of this era, one can see that today man is searching for ways to fill the vacuum created by the lack of spirituality and the result of this exploration is his unconscious return to spiritual and moral values. Perhaps this is because the didactic and moral texts were considered from ancient times by Iranian poets and writers and expresses the important role of literature in the development of didactic and moral teachings. The poetic aspect of teaching poetry is very prominent in Persian literature; such poems are more lyric in our country because the poet's passion and emotion are evident in their ethical, didactic, social, mystical, and religious issues. The author of the present article analyzes and evaluates the poetry of two prominent and influential ladies from Iran and Iraq, Forough Farrokhzad and Nazok al-Malaeke, using the descriptive-analytical method. And concluded that both poets have paid attention to the teachings and moral education and concepts such as kindliness (love), impoverishment and defending the deprived, idealism, justice in their poems are widely used. Manuscript profile

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46 - Explaining the Basics and Principles of Ethical Education in Allameh Faiz Kashani's Thoughts
hasan malaki sayyed sadroddin shariaty soghra ebrahimi qavam alireza sadeghi

The purpose aims to explain the basis and principles of ethical education in Allameh Faiz Kashani's ideas and thoughts. This research is qualitative and for achieving the research goals, documentary analytical method has been used.In order to collect information about e More

The purpose aims to explain the basis and principles of ethical education in Allameh Faiz Kashani's ideas and thoughts. This research is qualitative and for achieving the research goals, documentary analytical method has been used.In order to collect information about education, the factors of research, namely, ethics, principles and foundations of the important work of education of Malahmansen Feyz Kashani (RA), namely, "Mahajat al-Bayaza Fi Tazzib al-Huhia", and other research in this field have been used; this means that first identification and collection of required resources along with snapping and recording the desired topics have been done;Then the data was categorized and finally analyzed. The findings showed that the foundations of ethical education included (moral variability, interconnectedness of religion and ethics, comprehensive moderation, ethics hierarchicality, motivation of the subject and intention), and the principles of moral education from the perspective of Allameh Faiz Kashani (the principle of protection and care for Prayer, the principle of protection and care for fast, the principle of financial dedication, the principle of paying attention to the rights of others, the principle of reforming the conditions, the principle of gradual excellence, the resort and spiritual relationship with Imams (AS).Accordingly, officials and educational planners at different levels, according to the results of the present study, have to take steps towards the provision of instructions, books that can be used in educational instruction. Manuscript profile

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47 - An Investigation of Consequentialism and Ethical Conscientiousness with Emphasis on Kant's Theory in the Society of Iranian Certified Accountants and its Impact on Adherence to Auditors' Professional Behavior
sherly Nematolahi Mohamadreza Vatanparast

Morality is a pervasive subject that covers all aspects of human life. Accounting is one of the most organized and disciplined professions in the world, and because of the type and nature of the services it offers, it must have a certain reputation. The continuation of More

Morality is a pervasive subject that covers all aspects of human life. Accounting is one of the most organized and disciplined professions in the world, and because of the type and nature of the services it offers, it must have a certain reputation. The continuation of this credibility and its validity and reliability depends on the intellectual and practical commitment of the members of the profession to its ethical and ethical standards. One of the fundamental issues in the philosophy of ethics in accounting is the discussion of the standard of ethical action and the evaluation of auditors' voluntary actions ethically. In this context, throughout history, numerous schools of thought and philosophers have emerged, one of which is Kant's moral school and moral consequentialism. In the first step, this research has investigated the place of ethical philosophies in formulating such professional behavior through library method. In the second step, using the survey method, it analyzes the auditors' views. Ethical responsibility and ethical consequence have a significant effect on the level of adherence to auditors' professional conduct. Adhering to two ethical dimensions of ethical duty and ethical consequence can also encourage auditors in the process of conducting ethical boundaries, including ethical duty-making and the result of the work presented in a way that will be relevant and credible to all. And this is related to moral consequentialism. Manuscript profile

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48 - The Prophet's Orbital Ethics in Ghazvat
Sohrab Eslami hossein khosravi abdollah rahimi

Ethics and ethics are one of the important aspects of Islam and have been given great importance in the religion of Islam. Accordingly, in the Holy Qur'an, one of the goals of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) is education and wisdom education. The Prophet (pbuh), who ruled t More

Ethics and ethics are one of the important aspects of Islam and have been given great importance in the religion of Islam. Accordingly, in the Holy Qur'an, one of the goals of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) is education and wisdom education. The Prophet (pbuh), who ruled the rule of Islam, had to act in a Muslim society in different ways in order to encourage Muslims to learn and adhere to ethical principles. The fact that the Prophet (PBUH), especially in Ghazvat and during hard times, met the principles of ethics and education, the main question of this research is to find an appropriate answer in this regard in a descriptive-analytical manner using historical sources and A hadith was possible and, by examining the documents and the evidence, it can be said that the Prophet (pbuh) even adhered to the principles of ethics and tried his best to provide moral and educational prayers such as kindness, devotion, patience and endurance to Teach Muslims. Manuscript profile

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49 - The Ethical Challenges of Implementing Arbitration in Iranian Legal System
Ali Rasoolzadeh Farsad Hamidreza Oloumi

The arbitration institution has been considered by the people since the old days as a solution to the disputes based on the agreement of the parties of the dispute.This contractual system of arbitrary has privileges that make it superior to other methods of resolving di More

The arbitration institution has been considered by the people since the old days as a solution to the disputes based on the agreement of the parties of the dispute.This contractual system of arbitrary has privileges that make it superior to other methods of resolving disputes. The most important principle in arbitration is the finality of Arbitral awards and its most important point is the enforce-ability of the arbitral awards, that supported by national and international rules of arbitration. Since the philosophical basis of arbitration are based on an agreement between the parties, this means accepting the referral of disputes to arbitration involves the parties' obligation in Optional execution.Nonetheless, if the losing party refuses to execute the arbitral awards, it is foreseen that it may be enforced in the relevant laws and regulations. In this article, with reference to the legal prin-ciples of the principle of the entry into enforce of the arbitral Awards, as well as the legal docu-ments, discuss enforce of internal arbitral awards, then outline the implementation of foreign arbitral awards within the jurisdiction of the New York Convention and outside its jurisdiction, and finally, how to implement foreign arbitral awards in accordance with specific circumstances. Manuscript profile

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50 - Moral Status of Animals from the Perspectives of Western and Islamic Thinkers and the Holy Quran with a Focus on Tafsir al-Mizan
Sayyed Hussein Roknoddini

he moral status of animals is an issue that has long been taken into account in the West, but there have been no grounds for its consideration among Islamic thinkers. The perspectives among non-Islamic thinkers on the moral status of animals range from the human-centric More

he moral status of animals is an issue that has long been taken into account in the West, but there have been no grounds for its consideration among Islamic thinkers. The perspectives among non-Islamic thinkers on the moral status of animals range from the human-centric—excessiveness—perspective, which regards no creature other than man as holding moral status, to the egocentric—deficiency—perspective, which regards the entire universe as holding status and respect, and are all subject to criticism. As for Islamic thinkers, firstly, they have not addressed the issue in depth; secondly, they will reach the same perspective or at least similar ones, i.e. presence of moral status for animals, if they address the issue given the same basic beliefs that they hold based on their verses and narratives. This paper, which is of the library type, has sought to investigate the moral status of animals from the perspectives of Western and Islamic thinkers and then from that of the Quran with both revealed theological and analytical-descriptive methods. From the Quran’s perspective, presence of moral status features—rationality, purposefulness, and free will—in animals, which are the requirements of independent moral status, seems possible, and, consequently, moral status of animals appears to be believable.. Manuscript profile

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51 - The study of religious, ethical and religious beliefs in popular literature in Shahrbabak
fatemeh riahi ata mohammad radmanesh Mahboubeh Khorasani

The moral and moral themes are part of folk literature, which represents the pure and pure faith of the public throughout history. The folk literature of each region is the heritage of the previous generations; it is rooted in the local and local traditions of that clim More

The moral and moral themes are part of folk literature, which represents the pure and pure faith of the public throughout history. The folk literature of each region is the heritage of the previous generations; it is rooted in the local and local traditions of that climate, and the folk literature expresses the beliefs and customs of each region. Religious beliefs have a special place among the people of Shahrbabak and are evident in various forms in the literature and poetry of these people. The study of religious and ethical beliefs is one of the aspects of folk poetry that has been neglected. This article seeks to examine the religious and moral approach in the folk poetry of Shahrbabak and show that in addition to love and descriptiveness, the themes of belief are also seen in folk poems, and this may be the function of public art that has been able to Draw different themes together. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - Ethical structuring in the cultural prevention of drug addiction
Gholamreza Mahdavi

The ethical structure and its implications include the idiomatic and customary meaning and the place of ethics is of great importance in this regard. Culture and its concept of what culture really is and what it has to do with the development of community ethics and it More

The ethical structure and its implications include the idiomatic and customary meaning and the place of ethics is of great importance in this regard. Culture and its concept of what culture really is and what it has to do with the development of community ethics and its relation to ethics is one of the core issues of social ethics. Prevention and its implications and types of prevention and prevention goals and its role in the culture of ethics in order to prevent addiction in society are the main layers of the present study. The causes of addiction tendency have also been explored, including pleasure, dissatisfaction, intolerance, greed, apathy, .... and what is addiction and who is addicted? The necessary explanations and solutions have been provided. On the ethical patterns in cultural prevention of addiction that the Islamic ethics approach is based on benevolence, not pleasure or suffering, and the acceptance that the performance of every human being is subordinate to the attitude of the world and its ruling system as a result of behavior modification and change. The pleasure-seeking approach to belief in asceticism and piety and death by substituting non-criminal reactions in the name of morality rather than criminal and punitive reactions by promoting Islamic ethics culture that will reduce the material and spiritual costs of drug abuse and addiction prevention. Was one of the results of the present study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - Ethical Conflict of Decisions of the International Court of Justice and the Security Council on the Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes
Saeedeh Golkar Seyed Mohammad Hashemi Ali Zare

In the present study the structure, some considerations on the respective rolls of the security council and the internationalcourt of justice with respect to the “The revention of aggravation of disputes” in the domain of the pacific settlementof international disputes More

In the present study the structure, some considerations on the respective rolls of the security council and the internationalcourt of justice with respect to the “The revention of aggravation of disputes” in the domain of the pacific settlementof international disputes or situations, according to the United Nations charter through comparing their functions and functionalities. Special focus is on the International Court of Justice (ICJ) as the sole United Nations judicial institution that carries not only the responsibility of peaceful resolution of international disputes between states and other subjects of international law but also has contributed to the expansion of international law. ICJ has a responsibility to supervise other organs of the United Nations but has failed to observe the resolutions of the Security Council despite the freedoms it enjoys to do so. The authority of the Security Council is still derived from the will of powers, not the international law which has resulted in silence and inaction of the ICJ with regard to the decisions of the Security Council in the cases of Lockerbie, Namibia, Bosnia and Herzegovinian and Montenegro; all out of political considerations. The study ends with a conclusion and a set of recommendations to minimize the adverse effects of the discussed contradictions including legal observations supported by some international principles and procedures as well as acceptance of the superiority of the decisions of the ICJ over decisions of other main UN bodies particularly the Security Council. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - Theories of Reformal Moral of Incarceration (Imprisonment) in Juvenile Justice System of Iran and England
Seyedeh Amaneh Bani Hashemi Kohanki Mojtaba Farahbakhsh Ahmad

The present study investigated the freedom-depriving penalties in legal system of Iran and England. It was suggested that incarceration of juveniles should be used in serious crimes and when it is required for public protection, because it might cause undesirable effec More

The present study investigated the freedom-depriving penalties in legal system of Iran and England. It was suggested that incarceration of juveniles should be used in serious crimes and when it is required for public protection, because it might cause undesirable effects on juveniles which can make their correction and rehabilitation period longer. In recent years, different reactive programs have been developed in England for preventing juvenile delinquency including alternatives to imprisonment which do not exist in Iran. Investigating the existing principles and reactions of legal system of England which is the result of comprehensive study made by the legislator can be a solution for Iranian legislator for making modifications in juvenile justice system Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - The morphology of Rend and Lashar Epic
habib jadidolaslam ghalehno

The most famous epic of Baluch meaning Rend and Lashar was formed based on ethnic and regional values keeping the mentioned values, which lead a divesting and erosive war prolonging thirty years between two tribes of Rend and Lashar. The above mentioned epic, which i More

The most famous epic of Baluch meaning Rend and Lashar was formed based on ethnic and regional values keeping the mentioned values, which lead a divesting and erosive war prolonging thirty years between two tribes of Rend and Lashar. The above mentioned epic, which is greatly appreciated among Baluch People is assessed based on its morphologic analysis regarding the elements of story in details such as: Speech’s, behaviors, heroes, the logic of story, space and time, narration procedure, figure of speech and techniques. The objective of the author is introducing culture and literature of Baluch as well the most famous epic of Baluch based on morphologic analysis for those who appreciate and follow the literature of Baluch. There are many books are written on subject of poetic literature of Baluch. However. No considerable and independent book aims introducing Rend and Lashar epic based on morphologic procedures. This thesis is the first independent piece, which regard this subject for sure. The data are gathered using library study method and morphologic procedures. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - Takeli on the institution of impunity for punishment according to the aims of moral punishment and considerations
mahmood malmir

One of the fundamental institutions in the Islamic penal code is the legal justification for impunity. This issue, which creates a boundary between Islamic law and secular rights, has long been the subject of attention by lawyers, criminologists and psychologists. The r More

One of the fundamental institutions in the Islamic penal code is the legal justification for impunity. This issue, which creates a boundary between Islamic law and secular rights, has long been the subject of attention by lawyers, criminologists and psychologists. The rights of the perpetrators It is considered that punishment is considered a legal issue, and criminologists, with a causal view of their consequences and consequences, in line with the goals of criminal psychology and educational approach, are a deterrent and prospective factor associated with the principles, foundations and objectives of punishment. Criminological Assistance Subject to Exemptions from Keeper in Respect of Goals The use of punishments and arbitrary institutions is one of the achievements of modern criminology in criminal law to assist in the criminalization of individuals' socialization and personal and social support, as reflected in new criminal laws. In this regard, criminal law shows a significant correlation with the use of jurisprudence and other sciences, including criminology, psychology and sociology, and, of course, ethical considerations in scientific and supportive dimensions. In the meantime, ethics and its relation to rights are the main and most commonly discussed issues in the philosophy of law. The impact of morality on criminal law has always been a controversial issue in both criminality and the determination of punishment. Nonetheless, attention to moral principles and considerations is one of the most important reasons for emphasizing impunity. Through respect and trust, one can influence the will of the criminal and prevent the repetition of the crime. Also, some of the conditions that the legislator has in Article 38 And the 39th Criminal Code, approved 92 (for example, honorary motivation, good record, etc.), is consistent with ethical considerations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - A Comparative Study of the Stare's Ethical Responsibility Caused by Acts of Citizens in Iran and International Law
Doagu Hossein

In general, it is accepted as a principle that the damaging acts of persons are not attributable to the states. So not only states are not responsible for such actions, those who have committed them are held responsible. This is supported by the states doctrines and pra More

In general, it is accepted as a principle that the damaging acts of persons are not attributable to the states. So not only states are not responsible for such actions, those who have committed them are held responsible. This is supported by the states doctrines and practices as well as international legal procedures and decisions. The international responsibility of state with respect to the damage to other states and their subjects is limited to the acts of its own agents who are acting on behalf of it. However, there are certain circumstances if met the acts of persons can bring about responsibility for states. As stated in the article 8 of the international commission bill, the act of a person or a group of persons is regarded as the act of a state if it is done by the order or under control and guidance of the state. This demonstrates that the conditions of control and guidance are essential and if they are met action or inaction of a national can bring about responsibility for the respected state. The present dissertation studies the cases and forms of the responsibility of states for the acts of nationals within the realm of international and internal law. Furthermore, the actions that bring about responsibility for states are studied. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - Effective Behavioural and Ethical Factors in Occupation and Decision Making of Financial Managers: An Empirical Application (Case study: Agriculture bank of Iran)
Majid Ashrafi Jamadverdi Gorganli Davaji Ali Khozain

Based on psychological theories, decision-making of managers are influenced by some inaccessible psychological and Behavorial factors that in order to make effective decisions, it needed to understand these factors. Unfortunately, in many cases, managers are not aware More

Based on psychological theories, decision-making of managers are influenced by some inaccessible psychological and Behavorial factors that in order to make effective decisions, it needed to understand these factors. Unfortunately, in many cases, managers are not aware of this issue, and as a result of their lack of management of their feelings, they unconsciously make mistakes. One of the effective solvation is hellping of new science in accounting named behavorial finance .The present research is conducted in the field of individuals and explores various psychological and Behavorial factors that affected in decision making of financial managers in the banking system.This research is a step-by-step with a qualitative-quantitative approach, which is conducted in most of the questionnaires, so that using of Smart-Pls, with the help of AHP techniques, it will rank the effective psychological variables in selection of financial managers and decision making of them. The results indicate that inheritance, personality, acquisition and social factors influence people's decision making so that variables: having confidence, managing and controlling stress, person's responsibility and having mental abilities in finding innovative solutions, having emotional intelligence (EQ), are the psychological factors that effected in kind of decision making of financial manager. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

59 - Ethical Analysis of a Comparative Study of the Rulings of Traditional and Electronic Contracts in Iran and Antitrust
mahmoud erfani

commerce (electronic-commerce) is, in principle, a financial transaction in the context of interconnected electronic devices; therefore, it is not a new financial contract, but includes traditional transactions and contracts. Interference with electronic devices has onl More

commerce (electronic-commerce) is, in principle, a financial transaction in the context of interconnected electronic devices; therefore, it is not a new financial contract, but includes traditional transactions and contracts. Interference with electronic devices has only changed the pillars of this contract. United Nation’s Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) has provided three important documents on e-commerce as follows: “ANCITRAL Sample Law on E-commerce”; “ANCITRAL Sample Law on E-signature”; “The United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts”. ANCITRAL sample law on e-commerce, major changes in communications, and in particular, in electronic and computer-based communications on trading, led ANCIRTAL to put the issue of electronic commerce on an agenda from the early 1980s. E-commerce consists of series of legal issues which finding an answer to them, in legal systems, is an irrefutable necessity. One of these issues is the termination of electronic contracts. Since the traditional contracts, in our country, are in their early stages, it is desirable to take advantage of the patterns that international institutions have put forward in this regard. Offering functional suggestions in relation to the topic can be considered as the goals specified in this study Manuscript profile

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60 - Explaining the Nasser Khosrow's Thought in the Area of Reason and Reason and Concluding its Educational Teachings

The tendency to wisdom and its description are one of the most prominent and important features of Naser Khosrow's writings. The present article is intended to investigate Nasser Khosrow's thoughts on reason and rationality, philosophical and religious foundations, and More

The tendency to wisdom and its description are one of the most prominent and important features of Naser Khosrow's writings. The present article is intended to investigate Nasser Khosrow's thoughts on reason and rationality, philosophical and religious foundations, and his educational teachings. After describing and explaining Naser Khosrow's Philosophical and Educational Perspective, the author looks at the nature of reason and rationality to study the resulting educational teachings. In this article, the author has used descriptive, analytical, and documentary methods using library and electronic resources to describe concepts, analyze and explain the problem. Meanwhile, information analysis was carried out using a (inductive) category system. Our findings reveal that Nasser Khosrow believes that reason is the gift of the goddess of religion and the kimia of happiness in the two worlds that the wise man, with the help of which in the world, is protected from sin and in the hereafter from the fire of Hell. Also, human supremacy affects all the creatures of the science of appearance and inner being due to the existence of reason. Accordingly, the educational teachings of rationalism from the perspective of Nasser Khusraw include the fulfillment of ethical conduct, self-cultivation, reasoning (the assessment of the accuracy of the matter with the criterion and logical and rational reasons) and the independence of thought and imitation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

61 - Ethical structure regarding freedom of information and filtering in Iran
vali mirzaei ,amir vatani mehdi abbasi sarmadi

Freedom of information and freedom of expression in the Islamic society are two dimensions of the ethical behavioral pattern of government, so that, on the one hand, all members of the community should have the right to express their views and express their views. On th More

Freedom of information and freedom of expression in the Islamic society are two dimensions of the ethical behavioral pattern of government, so that, on the one hand, all members of the community should have the right to express their views and express their views. On the other hand, the society is obliged to provide for the free access of individuals to each other. Slowly The underlying principle in these two types of freedom is the principle of "Abaha" in philosophy, in the sense that whenever a matter of doubt or doubt is subject to restriction or prohibition, it must be the principle of freedom rather than limitation, while the provision Restrictions on freedom must also be enforced by law and not arbitrarily. Separation from this ethical model of government. It is necessary to review the substantive filtering standards in line with the international human rights system. For this reason, individuals must have the necessary freedom to publish and publish information. Although in the Islamic and legal ethics of freedom of expression in our country, there is no right to restrict the freedom of expression or the prohibition of free access to information, but the law is also subject to limitations that must be respected so that the imposition of probable limitations on freedom It should also be part of the needs of a democratic society, so that the legislator can not place anything as a restriction on freedom of expression and information. What is being discussed in this article is to examine the limits of information freedom and filtering Manuscript profile

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62 - Ethical Analysis of Leasing Liquidation in Iranian and French Law
Ahmad

In general, any form which causes the invalidity of a contract and if its' continuing legal effects will be stopped, the contract is considered as dissolved. Whether the contract is necessary or permissible, owned or covenant, is exchanged or gratuitous and is related t More

In general, any form which causes the invalidity of a contract and if its' continuing legal effects will be stopped, the contract is considered as dissolved. Whether the contract is necessary or permissible, owned or covenant, is exchanged or gratuitous and is related to real persons or legal entities. In this meanwhile, lease contracts as gratuitous and purchase contract considers as such contracts which the legal effects of dissolution returns to it. This article intends to carry out a comparative study to determine the approach of Islamic republic of Iran and France's Civil Code about the dissolution cases of the lease by utilizing a qualitative approach that is based on gathering information from library resources. Findings from this study indicated that from the perspective of legal sources, we can invalid the agreement between the landlord and tenant and order to its dissolution through some forms of dissolution, including termination, nullity and also the lease termination. Also, in the civil law of Iran, contract lease is a customary contract. Therefore, at the time of the conclusion of the contract, the value of the procured profits must be determined and specified; despite of the French legal system which considers the contract lease to be a covenant. It is not possible to determine the term indefinitely; in this case, the contract lease is null and void. Manuscript profile

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63 - Status and role of moral commitment in the transposition of documents in Iranian law
Aziz Varzand

According to Article 140 of the Civil Code, one of the instruments of possession, contracts and moral obligations, and through the conclusion of contracts, the transfer of ownership of property from the owner to another person is practicable. The conclusion of a contrac More

According to Article 140 of the Civil Code, one of the instruments of possession, contracts and moral obligations, and through the conclusion of contracts, the transfer of ownership of property from the owner to another person is practicable. The conclusion of a contract and, in general, any legal act requires the existence of the intention of the parties. As stated in Article 190 of the Civil Code. Under normal circumstances, the intent and willingness of the parties with their presence are announced, whether they are intermediary or arbitrary. Sometimes, for reasons such as personal refusal to fulfill his obligation or his refusal to enforce a statutory requirement, and according to the authority of competent authorities, the transfer of personal property to another person without the presence of the owner is posed, in this note, some ethical and practical aspects of doing these transactions are in the form of a report And the legal dimensions of its transfer and some related works related to adultery will be discussed. The type of research method in descriptive and analytical manner, based on library and documentary resources, by referring to the laws, existing legal literature in the field of current research, from the viewpoint of academic and seminary professors, we will analyze the relevant materials and then analyze them Manuscript profile

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64 - Moral effect on Iranian Judicial Authority
ali etemadi bagher shamlo aman olah alimoradi seyed mehdi ahmadi-e - mosavi

Judicial authority is the most effective power that ensures the security and comfort of the people by enforcing the law and trust-building among people. In any stage, judicial authority has given the glory to a government and peace and security to its community and nati More

Judicial authority is the most effective power that ensures the security and comfort of the people by enforcing the law and trust-building among people. In any stage, judicial authority has given the glory to a government and peace and security to its community and nation and One of the most important and influential areas in strengthening judicial authority, which has remained somewhat Neglected in a community, is the moral standards of the nation, because the human qualities and cultivation and self-perfection of the soul are shaped in the light of morality, With some thoughtfulness, we find that law and ethics are inextricably linked, therefore, Kant, a prominent moral scientist after the Renaissance in Europe, tells people in his moral command:"Behave in a manner that your character is as the basis for global legislation." On the ethics, one of the main slogans of the Prophet Mohammad (pbuh) was:"I have been designated as a prophet to perfect the moral standards." If ethical virtues were strengthened in the society people, what we will witness in our society, include of courage, trust, ruth, kindness, good posture, patience, devotion, honesty in the deal, and so on.These and other good ethical traits play an important role in judicial authority, because one of the causes of crime, which ultimately ties to judicial authority, is ethical vices such as bullying, lying, betrayal, greed and oppression Manuscript profile

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65 - Exemption from punishment in Islamic jurisprudence between ethical, educational and legal interactions
mahmood malmir

One of the criminological aims of the criminal is to target social reform and train the offender, in addition to reducing the effects of crime. Experience has also shown that it is more than just the size and weight of the upper body that has the unpleasant consequences More

One of the criminological aims of the criminal is to target social reform and train the offender, in addition to reducing the effects of crime. Experience has also shown that it is more than just the size and weight of the upper body that has the unpleasant consequences of unnecessary, unnecessary, unnecessary consequences. Therefore, the criminal justice system, by adopting an auspicious penal policy in light crimes, in addition to reducing the density of criminal cases, increasing the time of judges to handle more precise cases, reducing the number of criminal cases, reducing the burden on the government. And refusing to be labeled in the first place has been ethical and educational orientation and social reform. In this descriptive-analytic article, we discuss what constitutes impunity in Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic law and its relation to ethics and personal education and social reform Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

66 - Developing a Research ethic Guideline for Department of Curriculum Studies and Educational Innovations: A Qualitative Research
Seyed Ali Khaleghinezhad Mohammad Ahad Navidi Fereshteh Zeynivand Nezhad Heidar Toorani

In the recent years, while scientific production and the number of high educational institutes have been increased in Iran, the spreading of immoral behaviors in conducting research has been threatening all of the research-driven institutions, in particular, department More

In the recent years, while scientific production and the number of high educational institutes have been increased in Iran, the spreading of immoral behaviors in conducting research has been threatening all of the research-driven institutions, in particular, department for curriculum studies and educational innovations, as a part of the research institute for education. This study was conducted in order to formulate ethics in research of department for curriculum studies and educational innovations. This essay was done through a Qualitative approach by focused group discussions and face to face interviews. The collected date from focused group discussions sessions was analyzed by thematic content analysis method. The analysis led to two core categories including the researcher’s ethical personality and ethical principles of research. The former consists of humility, patience, cultural sensitivity, and collaboration. The latter has nine subcategories including the benefits of research, academic integrity, observing the colleague rights, observing the rights of participants, avoid of plagiarism, publication of obtained data, writing the report in a simple way, critic’s acceptance and scientific criticism. In conclusion, the obtained date by this research is able to play a role in making moral decisions regarding research and creating a confident and respectful atmosphere among the institution users. Furthermore, it has the capability to be used as a base for further discussions and also developing the culture of ethical personality s Manuscript profile

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67 - Ethical challenges of Application of Nanotechnology Technology in Crime Detection
Reza Soudi seyed ghasem zamani Abo-Mohammad Asgarkhani

The complexities of social relationships in today's world complicate the way crimes are committed, and the discovery of complex crimes requires sophisticated and technical tools, and the traditional, long-standing method can not answer all the needs of society to detect More

The complexities of social relationships in today's world complicate the way crimes are committed, and the discovery of complex crimes requires sophisticated and technical tools, and the traditional, long-standing method can not answer all the needs of society to detect crime. Nanotechnology, like other scientific fields, has also entered criminal science, and has been widely used to identify and assess the evidence and evidence gathered in the crime scene. Nanotechnology can be effective in preventing and detecting offenders due to its abundant capabilities in detecting and detecting the exact and rapid effects of crime. Using this technology in DNA detection and fingerprinting can provide new and scientific solutions for detecting and improving hidden effects containing DNA and fingers that will otherwise be unidentified. Today, the scope of criminal police activities is wider by utilizing the most advanced equipment and facilities for biotechnology and nano technology. Today, the use of electron microscopes, nano-sensors, biological sensors and various methods of nasal sputum has become commonplace in accredited police criminal laboratories, and the true discovery The crime remains the slightest ambiguity, with the advent of nanotechnology Manuscript profile

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68 - Identification and validation of ethical principles and professional conduct of lawyers according to client
vali shirpour

The present study aimed to Identification and validation of ethical principles and professional conduct of lawyers according to clients. In this investigation, two methods of documentary and survey analysis have been used. The research community consists of: (a) Books, More

The present study aimed to Identification and validation of ethical principles and professional conduct of lawyers according to clients. In this investigation, two methods of documentary and survey analysis have been used. The research community consists of: (a) Books, references, and written and electronic resources in the field of law and attorney, which were reviewed in order to achieve the ethics and ethical codes of conduct of the attorneys at law; b) The second group consists of clients (those who have selected at least one time an attorney at the law) in Ardebil province. The sample society was 50 persons who were randomly selected from among the individuals referred to the courts in Ardebil, Meshkinshahr and Parsabad cities, which had a judicial case and attorney case. Data collectio tools were a form of taking notes and a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability of the Cronbach's alpha formula was 0.83. To analyze the data obtained from the texts, qualitative and cognitive analysis was used to analyze the data from the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including one sample t-test were used. The results of the investigation showed that the most important ethics of attorneys include: observance of the limits of powers in the court, not disturb in the court session, pursuit the prosecution, honesty, protection of the clients' secrets, non-use of immoral ways, explicit declaration and clarity of the lawer' Honorarium Manuscript profile

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69 - The Role of Auditors' Social and Professional Responsibility Insurance on Audit Risk and Audit Quality Using the Delphi Approach and Structural Equations
Ali Khozain

This research investigates the role of auditors' social and professional liability insurance on the risk of reputation and quality of audit using the Delphi approach. One way to eliminate risk is to transfer risk, and since auditors may face some risks for various reaso More

This research investigates the role of auditors' social and professional liability insurance on the risk of reputation and quality of audit using the Delphi approach. One way to eliminate risk is to transfer risk, and since auditors may face some risks for various reasons, such as failures, professional liability insurance is at stake for them. This study was conducted using a Delphi approach based on 95 questionnaires completed by the auditors in 2018. Using by Structural Equations the results of the first hypothesis showed that independent auditors consider social and professional liability insurance to reduce the risk of their reputation and there is a negative and significant relationship between social insurance and professional liability insurance and the risk of auditors' reputation. The association with the second hypothesis of the results showed that social and professional liability insurance would reduce audit quality Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

70 - Ethical mechanisms to support from ‘suffering in silence’ by taking approach toward reducing black record of crimes against children
Mohammad

Writing of present research aims to investigate strategies in the course of reducing black record of crimes against children and to discover and reveal such offences in terms of their vulnerability. This study has been conducted using descriptive- analytical method and More

Writing of present research aims to investigate strategies in the course of reducing black record of crimes against children and to discover and reveal such offences in terms of their vulnerability. This study has been conducted using descriptive- analytical method and by means of librarian references. The conducted studies about this topic may interpret that due to some various reasons, the victimized children may not report the offences perpetrated against their own and as a consequence not only have not they been supported by what anticipated in law, but also they are undergone double injuries by secondary and repeated victimization. The child victims, who are called as ‘silent victims’ and or ‘suffering in silence’, should have potential to reflect the offences perpetrated on them and led to breach their rights in order to enjoy criminal supports and otherwise. Thus, it has been tried in this paper to display image of requisite for culture-building and public sensitivity to recognize basic rights for children and to report the infringement cases of such rights as well as their right of expression of victimization and right of hearing (in the court) in order to break silence in children and also to acquire trust from the victimized children in criminal justice system through providing some facilities in proceeding process. Such measures result in further discovery and revealing of crimes against children Manuscript profile

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71 - Sociological Explanation of the Relationship between Religious Capital and Moral Identity (Case Study of Isfahan City)
Sara Madanian Maghsoud Farasatkhah

One of the major concerns in human societies that has always been the focus of attention of humanities and social scientists, is the existence of a society with moral activists. According to the Stets' theory, moral identity guides behavior and therefor it is important More

One of the major concerns in human societies that has always been the focus of attention of humanities and social scientists, is the existence of a society with moral activists. According to the Stets' theory, moral identity guides behavior and therefor it is important to know the factors that affect it. Accordingly, the purpose of this article was to study the impact of the variable of religious capital on moral identity. To investigate this relationship, the required data were collected using a survey method and questionnaire and a sample of 546 citizens of Isfahan aged over 15 by Quota Sampling proportional to volume based on age, gender and region of residence. The findings of the study showed that the score of moral identity and its dimensions as well as religious capital is higher than the average. In addition, the variable of religious capital explains 29% of variance of moral identity variable. Therefore, it can be said that the variable of religious capital has a high level of explanation of variance of moral identity variable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

72 - Principles of Deterrence Ethical, Philosophical and Legal Interactions
Golnaz Moradipasand tahmoores bashiriye hosein gholami doon

Violating social rights and disrupting social order will make the community more responsive to a distracting person. This reaction has long been the practice of punishment in most criminal systems. As we know, pursuit of a specific purpose in the execution of punishment More

Violating social rights and disrupting social order will make the community more responsive to a distracting person. This reaction has long been the practice of punishment in most criminal systems. As we know, pursuit of a specific purpose in the execution of punishments is that of educating and reforming offenders and their socialization, and it has been proved on the basis of experience that the justice system Criminalization alone can not achieve this goal. As a result, criminal policymakers have recognized the range of criminal policy tools (from discounts to elimination or repeated punitive actions and criminal non-criminal actions) to enforce this goal, as denials. If so far the theories and foundations of criminal law have been attempting to justify criminal, criminal and retaliatory interventions, we now need some other theories and foundations to justify non-custodial intervention because the current evolution of criminal law is towards the elimination of criminality, mild The punishment and distribution of punishment among legal systems is aimed at protecting the basic rights and freedoms of citizens on the one hand and on the other hand, the ultimate goal of punishment is to be trained. In this article, it has been tried to provide justification for the necessity of extending this process by referring to the grounds for punishment, including the philosophical, criminological, and economic foundations Manuscript profile

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73 - The right and duty in the social security system are the law and moral duty of the state
mohammadreza najafabadipour Abolfazl Jafargholikhani tayebe balvardi

(Premium Unification of the employer's contribution rate guild in the social security organization to support Iranian production) There is a link between the right and the duty in the social security system, that is to say, every one has the right to be in charge of it More

(Premium Unification of the employer's contribution rate guild in the social security organization to support Iranian production) There is a link between the right and the duty in the social security system, that is to say, every one has the right to be in charge of it.. The right to social security has been recognized as a fundamental right in order to safeguard the interests of individuals in the individual and social spheres against governments, they are also responsible for implementing this right Islamic Republic of Iran has been formulated in three layers the the social security system in of Of insurance, support, and assistance The social security organization is one of the organizations that plays a fundamental role in the insurance strategy and in the part of the participatory system by paying the premium to the share of employers, workers, and the share of contributions by the government in implementing Article Principle 29 of the Constitution has a fundamental role. The Law on Employee Benefit Exemption has been approved by the employer for 5 people in 1362to support manufacturing, technical and industrial workshops in order to support domestic production, although the number of workshops is reduced every day The purpose of this paper is to express the right and duty for eliminating discrimination, protecting the domestic economy and Premium Unification the premium rate in all workshops. Manuscript profile

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74 - The ethical obligations of the parties in oil bunk contracts in Iran
Farzam Ardalan Nejat Ali Almasi mansour atashene

The article attempts to examine the contractual principles governing the Baikon contracts in Iran, which is frequently used by the National Iranian Oil Company, which serves as the Ministry of Oil. Iran, with its significant reserves of oil and natural gas, is ranked a More

The article attempts to examine the contractual principles governing the Baikon contracts in Iran, which is frequently used by the National Iranian Oil Company, which serves as the Ministry of Oil. Iran, with its significant reserves of oil and natural gas, is ranked as the world's second largest oil producer and exporter, as well as the world's second-largest gas reserves holder in the world, in terms of two highly desirable areas for investment. Investors (foreign) in Iran can mention the development of oil and natural gas, which still requires a drastic investment. Manuscript profile

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75 - Moral and jurisprudential analysis of the punishment of innate apostate
adel asghrpoortoloay rahim vakilzadh

Innate apostasy is one of the crimes that, if proven, is punishable by particular punishments in the criminal system of Islam. The question arises as to whether in the true sense of innate apostasy, being Muslim parents of an apostate is enough. Or, in addition to it, More

Innate apostasy is one of the crimes that, if proven, is punishable by particular punishments in the criminal system of Islam. The question arises as to whether in the true sense of innate apostasy, being Muslim parents of an apostate is enough. Or, in addition to it, is it necessary to fully describe Islam for the person after puberty and the revelation of disbelief later on? In this article, we describe the role of defining and describing Islam for an apostate and the role of repentance in it with a descriptive-analytical approach. The results show that in addition to being Muslim parents of an apostate, the continuity of their being Muslim and the description of Islam and its provisions for a person during puberty are among the conditions for the realization of innate apostasy. Also, with regard to the question of whether the punishment of an apostate is in conflict with freedom of thought and the freedom of accepting religion, we have come to the conclusion that what is described as an apostate’s punishment is in cases that the enemy and disagreeing apostate seeks to destroy society and its scientific environment and violate the rights of others, instead of using logical reasoning and scientific methods Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

76 - Protecting privacy in cyberspace by emphasizing ethical and legal principles
hasan badini qafour khoeini hamzeh karami

Educating privacy and adhering to code of ethics in cyberspace is an important and challenging issue because it is a global, high-speed, accessible, transcendent, transcendental, fluid, augmented and dense reality; Ethical rules and order become more important. At the l More

Educating privacy and adhering to code of ethics in cyberspace is an important and challenging issue because it is a global, high-speed, accessible, transcendent, transcendental, fluid, augmented and dense reality; Ethical rules and order become more important. At the lower level, at least in the national cyberspace, binding ethical codes need to be approved by the Majlis to become binding law. However, in the cyber space, the issue of disseminating information that is the nature of this environment seems to conflict with the right to privacy. The principles, rules and softwares of the cyber environment have been formulated primarily to facilitate and expedite communication. Whereas in the real environment, the core of morality is the provision of material and spiritual well-being. Thus, in cyber-space privacy violations, especially where the breach is merely cyber-infringement and not real-life cyberbullying, there appears to be an inherent philosophy of cyberspace that facilitates the enforcement of law, which facilitates Is the diffusion and exchange of information, Deterrence should be considered ethical as far as possible, but assumed that breach of privacy in cyberspace will result in material and intellectual damages to individuals; It used civil and criminal bail guarantees in response to them Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

77 - Moral advice and the need to prioritize public rights in the field of permissions and public mines
Seyed Hashem Bathaie Seyed Ali Akbar Taghavian

Morality is a category that has always been present and everywhere, and its flow is a non-mentioned condition in all human activities; Similarly, in the field of contracts and the right to property and the exercise of private rights, morality has a colorful presence and More

Morality is a category that has always been present and everywhere, and its flow is a non-mentioned condition in all human activities; Similarly, in the field of contracts and the right to property and the exercise of private rights, morality has a colorful presence and has serious advice. Therefore, in the field of legal behaviors that are related to the public sphere, law and the right of sovereignty and the general public. Naturally, ethics has presence and advice. The present study examines the exploitation of people's rights and privileges, as well as public mines, which naturally have a lot to do with public law, and moral advice will impose restrictions. It discusses the right of individuals to own property in the private sphere, describes it in a descriptive way, and discusses the library's methods and tools, and achieves innovative and good results in this regard, and answers several questions and ambiguities in this regard. It has been found that individuals are exploited in the realm of permissiveness and reed The public mines are not absolutely free and open, but have a number of limitations, including in the area of ethical advice. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

78 - Investigating the Position of Women's Rights in the Citizenship Bill with an Emphasis on Women's Political Rights
Arezoo Hosseinieh Ali Hajipour Kanderud

Citizenship Charter Reflects Government Concern Over Public Awareness on Citizenship and Proposes Respect for Human Rights. In this regard, one of the most important pillars of the civil rights charter is the issue of women's rights. The purpose of the present study is More

Citizenship Charter Reflects Government Concern Over Public Awareness on Citizenship and Proposes Respect for Human Rights. In this regard, one of the most important pillars of the civil rights charter is the issue of women's rights. The purpose of the present study is to investigate and analyze the level of attention to women's citizenship rights in the context of the Citizenship Charter. The above study shows that women's citizenship rights are accepted in the Charter of Citizenship to an acceptable extent, but there is no guarantee of proper implementation on the one hand and some practical challenges and on the other hand desirable and realistic research of women's rights in Iran with serious obstacles. Is facing Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

79 - An Analysis of the Ethical and Legal Nature of International Rules in International Commercial Arbitration
amin rostami Masoud zamani manochehr tavasoli naeini

International law books on arbitration have discussed, and in a brief and transient way, the nature and nature of the rules of international trade arbitration, and most of the books and articles on this subject have been published abroad. Since arbitration is one of the More

International law books on arbitration have discussed, and in a brief and transient way, the nature and nature of the rules of international trade arbitration, and most of the books and articles on this subject have been published abroad. Since arbitration is one of the most important and common ways of resolving disputes in international business litigation, this research can help to identify its substantive dimensions and thus be effective in responding to existing uncertainties. And in this research, the nature of the rules of ethics in international commercial arbitration has been examined ethically and legally. And the researcher concludes that although the rules of international commercial arbitration imply a modality of ethics, but because ethics is a matter of credit and ultimately abstraction, the rules of international law in international business arbitration cannot be ethically In the conventional sense, it is examined and made clear because the relation between ethics and interest in international relations is of the contradiction. And these rules should be seen as a purely legal tool, derived from the rules of public order whose ethics are one of the constituent elements of its legal approach Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

80 - Violation of author's rights in cyberspace and its moral implications
Mohammad shakori Nejad Ali Almasi

In Islamic mysticism, one of the most important rights of individuals is the trusteeship and protection of the rights of the parties. One of the most important rights of authors is their moral rights. Nonetheless, law-enforcement works worldwide have become increasingly More

In Islamic mysticism, one of the most important rights of individuals is the trusteeship and protection of the rights of the parties. One of the most important rights of authors is their moral rights. Nonetheless, law-enforcement works worldwide have become increasingly cyberspace. Works such as films, recording and display of music and scientific texts, can be sent to all over the world, and in today's world, more mystical study is required. Duplication of works in databases located in foreign countries and publicly available intellectual works by online service providers is one of the greatest legal challenges. The violations of moral rights of the author, regardless of their mystical levels, can be carried out continuously in different countries. Because digital access to the digital universe is possible and makes it possible for recipients and traffickers of intellectual works to do so, it is very difficult to locate the works of art and art there where they are produced, reproduced or violated. In international documents, the determination of the competent court has been made to determine where the violation of moral rights has been committed. But it seems that this criterion is ineffective due to the crampiness of the cyber space, and also needs to be further explored in Islamic mysticism. Therefore, in this paper, using a library research methodology based on the place of activity of Internet service providers, a new criterion for determining the competent court and its explanation in Islamic mysticism is presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

81 - Value–Legal Analysis of Iran’s Governance Approach to Privatization
Aminallah Samadi Abolfazl Jafargholikhani Mohammad Reza Yousefi

The term “privatization” has not been defined in our laws. Privatization is a complicated and vague concept featuring various political, social, economic and legal aspects and outcomes. Before and after the Islamic Revolution, our legislator’s approach has been towards More

The term “privatization” has not been defined in our laws. Privatization is a complicated and vague concept featuring various political, social, economic and legal aspects and outcomes. Before and after the Islamic Revolution, our legislator’s approach has been towards the domination of public and state ownership. But, a larger deal of attention was gradually paid to privatization due to numerous reasons such as domestic and foreign factors including the prevention of public and state sectors’ monopoly, stagnation of the society, downsizing of the government, valuing the private sector and entry to global trade and markets. The objective and distinct examples of such an approach is the Act 44 of the constitution and Islamic Republic of Iran’s first to sixth economic, social and cultural development plans. The most important objective of privatization has been enhancement of the entities’ efficiency and optimization of resource allocation in the majority of the countries. Valuing the privatization is in fact supplementing the state and public proprietorship. Such an overlap can remove the gaps and impediments and concomitantly put into effect all the national talents and competencies. The present study aims at elaboration of the adopted by value – legal analysis of Islamic Republic of Iran’s governance approach towards the process and concept of privatization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

82 - Strengthen lawyer intervention in the preliminary investigation phase From the point of view of subject matter rights and ethical requirements
amir vatani Hossein Aghaei Jannat Makan Mohammad Amin Darvish

In the criminal proceedings, the preliminary investigative phase, considering the features and features of this phase, is of particular importance in the subsequent proceedings, in particular the rights of the accused, and the legal influence of the lawyer in guaranteei More

In the criminal proceedings, the preliminary investigative phase, considering the features and features of this phase, is of particular importance in the subsequent proceedings, in particular the rights of the accused, and the legal influence of the lawyer in guaranteeing and protecting these rights. The presence of a lawyer in the preliminary investigation phase provides both legal and ethical requirements, respecting the rights of individuals, and equipping them with the opportunity to defend and to exercise their rights. The Criminal Procedure Code adopted in 2013 has effective innovations on the right of the accused to have a lawyer in the preliminary investigation stage, and the presence of a lawyer in the supervised phase, unlimited attendance, the right to study and access to the case, and the need to appoint a lawyer. , From the point of view of guaranteed subject matter rights, and obtaining the latest defense of the lawyer, admonition of the lawyer to the interrogator, maintaining the dignity and dignity of the individual, and segregation from the prosecution to facilitate the intervention of the lawyer in the light of ethical requirements, including the most obvious signs of strengthening the intervention of the lawyer. is considered. In this article, about the right of the accused to have a lawyer during the preliminary investigation phase, with emphasis on the drafting of this law, its specific rules and provisions are analyzed and described. Manuscript profile

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83 - The Effect of the organization's ethical care devices on alerting about financial corruption in audit Institutions
Naser Eghbalifar ghodartallah talebnia hamedreza vakili fard

The purpose of this research is to test the impact of organization's ethical tools on the prevention of financial corruption in the audit firms. The necessity of establishing ethical care tools in the organization is to a point where many large organizations responded t More

The purpose of this research is to test the impact of organization's ethical tools on the prevention of financial corruption in the audit firms. The necessity of establishing ethical care tools in the organization is to a point where many large organizations responded to the legal and environmental pressures by forming a moral culture in their organizations. The present study is descriptive-survey and in time domain of 1395. The studied sample consisted of 330 interviewees among auditors working at the Audit Institutions of the Member of the Public Accountants Association and the Audit Organization. To assess the research hypotheses, the value of probability (T-value) obtained from the fit of the model was statistically significant in terms of parameters and using SPSS and AMOS software. The findings of the research showed that the audit firm's ethical support instruments on professional audit warning, the understanding of professional Iranian auditors from individual responsibility and the consequences of the questioning operation had a significant effect. Also, the findings of the research indicate that the audit firms 'ethical environment is not meaningful on the Iranian professional auditors' perceived costs of reporting. In other words, the findings show that the perception of Iranian professional auditors of individual responsibility for reporting, the understanding of Iranian professional accountants from reporting costs, the perception of Iranian professional auditors from the consequences of the questionable actions on the warning of professional auditors have a meaningful effect in Iran. Also, the results of mediator variables showed that the audit ethical care tools of institutions have a significant effect on the warning of professional auditors through the "taking responsibility for reporting on the individual" in Iran. Besides, the findings of the research showed that the audit firm's ethical care tools did not significantly affect the warning of professional auditors in Iran through the "perception of reporting costs". Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

84 - Ethical Evaluation and Validation of the Congressional Budget Office's Legal Responsibilities in Defining Annual Budgeting in the United States
Abbas Emami askar jalaliyan hosseen sadeghi

The process of US government approval is affected by the conditions, and many specialized departments in Congress, the Presidential Palace, and the Senate are examining it. This study examines the legal and ethical responsibilities of the Congressional Budget Office in More

The process of US government approval is affected by the conditions, and many specialized departments in Congress, the Presidential Palace, and the Senate are examining it. This study examines the legal and ethical responsibilities of the Congressional Budget Office in determining annual budgets in the United States. The method used in this study is descriptive-analytical and documentary approach was used for data collection. An important issue to consider with regard to the annual budget of the United States is that the Congressional Budget Office has tight control over the amount and manner of annual budget allocation so that one of the most important causes of congressional oversight of the US budget can be the ability of the Congressional Office to review. He knew the exact conditions. Although in many cases the annual budget changes in addition to imposing the opinions of experts on the office of the President and the Senate as well, the most important part of its approval is in Congress and the Budget Office plays a key role in its approval and approval. This means that regardless of the key role of the entity, the US budgeting process cannot be examined, since the primary task of determining and estimating annual budget and overseeing its proper implementation is spent in the United States. Under the 1974 Act, it is in charge of the Budget Office. Legally and ethically approved budgeting in the United States involves careful scrutiny of the budget, its performance, and its subtraction so that its budget office is legally and morally obliged to do all of its steps accurately. It should be noted, however, that its oversight role is less than that of qualified bodies in the Senate, which some scholars regard as the most important functional task of the budget office to properly and appropriately allocate funds. The appropriation is made by the Congressional Bureau to facilitate the approval process, so that it can be dealt with more quickly and with greater transparency in the final form of a joint meeting of the Senate and Congress. This illustrates the strategic role of the budget office in the process of approval, communication and oversight of the US budget. Manuscript profile

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85 - A moral and legal look at the nuclear risks to global peace and security
Ali Bagheri Mahmud Abadi Amir Maghami Alireza Arashpour

The world today is much smaller than previously thought, given the size of extraterrestrial exploration. In the meantime, fast human communication in every part of the globe has made us aware of the smallest developments elsewhere. Things that may go against human value More

The world today is much smaller than previously thought, given the size of extraterrestrial exploration. In the meantime, fast human communication in every part of the globe has made us aware of the smallest developments elsewhere. Things that may go against human values and ethics. As such, issues such as human rights, human rights and peace are more or less addressed to the ethical and human value goals of human beings. Given this, the use or threat of using nuclear weapons for nearly 70 years, years after the first nuclear bomb was tested in the 1940s, is one of the major concerns of countries and the international community. Concerns are heightened when terrorist groups seek to use this destructive weapon and this is a threat that all countries and, above all, the international community must consider, and therefore the international community takes this threat seriously. , The major dangers of nuclear terrorism include attacking or sabotaging nuclear power plants, stealing nuclear material and using bombs. Is dirty. Therefore, events such as terrorism, the use of weapons of mass destruction caused by destructive nuclear power, have led to the use of these weapons and the use of nuclear materials both from the standpoint of international law and ethics and values. Declare human beings forbidden. However, the present study, developed using a qualitative research method based on a library-based descriptive-analytical approach, seeks to analyze and examine the legal, value and ethical approaches of the United Nations and the international community in the fight against nuclear terrorism. The result of the research is that the international community's joint approach and actions on nuclear hazards, the use of the aforementioned weapons, and humanitarian responses to UN principles and principles, are the most effective way to combat Terrorism is nuclear, and it concludes that it has an undeniable focal point in the fight against nuclear terrorism, through measures such as the formulation of important multilateral treaties aimed at preventing terrorist groups from operating. , Protecting Fissile Nuclear Material, Strengthening International Atomic Energy Agency Role, Increasing Commitments For the nuclear industry and increase the liability of the Security Council, can play an important role and Tasyrgzardrmbarz•h nuclear terrorism and maintaining peace and international security will be. Manuscript profile

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86 - Adherence to the ethics of the application of information technology in the prevention of the state of the fixed crimes
behroz saki Sayed Mahmood MirKhalili Syed Hosein hashemi

Criminal law prevention is one of the principles of criminal justice policy; the crime prevention process comprises a series of criminal and non-criminal actions in the legislative, judicial and administrative areas. Behaviors committed in the territory of a registrar i More

Criminal law prevention is one of the principles of criminal justice policy; the crime prevention process comprises a series of criminal and non-criminal actions in the legislative, judicial and administrative areas. Behaviors committed in the territory of a registrar in violation of the laws and regulations of this jurisdiction shall be considered as criminal offenses. Prevention measures, like any other crime, are also considered. In a penal system, how to prevent crime by its type and its proportion to the crime committed, as well as its efficiency and success, are issues that have always been addressed by those involved; using crime prevention strategies. The situation can provide the best, most effective and most comprehensive way of preventing criminal offenses, so we have attempted in this article to examine various methods of preventive and explain them in the realm of the criminal offenses specifically and objectively. Learn about the application of information technology in this field and its implementation process in Iran and on the other hand analyze and evaluate Quality creative and privacy of individuals in the use of information technology in situational prevention of crime, we will register. Manuscript profile

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87 - A philosophical approach to the intersection of ethics and emotion
Seyyed Ahmad Fazeli Mojtaba Jafari

Emotions are concerned about by philosophers because knowledge, happiness, and ethics that have been a longstanding concern of philosophy, have some intersects with emotions. They have, therefore, tried to show the value and place of emotions in the acquisition of knowl More

Emotions are concerned about by philosophers because knowledge, happiness, and ethics that have been a longstanding concern of philosophy, have some intersects with emotions. They have, therefore, tried to show the value and place of emotions in the acquisition of knowledge of happiness and moral life. Their focus, in comparison with scientists, is more on an abstract analysis of emotions. Exploring the nature of emotion leads to several philosophical issues, such as: What are the differences between emotions? Is it evaluating, that is, whether it has to be taken as evaluative judgments, or perceptions, or something else? What is the epistemological status of emotions and their relation to evaluative judgments? What is the relationship between motivation and emotion? And finally, what its role in the moral life, and what effect does it have on the development of virtues and moral character?. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

88 - Refreshing the dedication of the legal person To the development of ethical institutions
kian fulladi

One of the neglected capacities about the concept of "legal personality" in the legal system of Iran is its application for the development of the territory of the Devotion entity. In this approach, the Benefactor, by creating a legal person, devotes to this legal exist More

One of the neglected capacities about the concept of "legal personality" in the legal system of Iran is its application for the development of the territory of the Devotion entity. In this approach, the Benefactor, by creating a legal person, devotes to this legal existence, thus giving the person a legal status in the form of the endowment of property. By devoting a legal person, it is possible that every financial item to be deposited in the property of a legal person and that devotion to be developed. In this way, the constraints that limit the scope of the devotions, such as objectivity, will be deleted, without prejudice to the definitive foundations of the concept of devotion, and as a result, by extending the scope of this legal jurisprudential institution, more arenas and individuals will have the opportunity to enjoy the Devotion. The review of the concept of personality and legal personality, as well as legal jurisprudential principles of the Devotion, provides valid credentials for accepting this approach in the legal system of Iran, which have been discussed in this paper. Manuscript profile

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89 - Designing a Model of Managing organizational Polotical Behavior With Ethical Approach in Public Sector Banking industry
farzad ramezani rad Mahmood RezaeiZade Davood Kiakojouri Mehran Mokhtari Bayekolaei

the purpose of this study was to design a model of organizational political behavior management with an ethical approach in the public sector banking industry. For this purpose, after reviewing the literature and theoretical foundations of the research, it has been done More

the purpose of this study was to design a model of organizational political behavior management with an ethical approach in the public sector banking industry. For this purpose, after reviewing the literature and theoretical foundations of the research, it has been done using a mixed technique (content analysis and structural equations). In this research, in the qualitative section, using the content analysis technique to examine the opinions of 15 experts who are successful bosses and exemplary managers in the banking sector of the public sector at the level of the country's ranks and headquarters through open and in-depth interviews (semi-structured) Snowball sampling was performed. In order to obtain validity and evaluate the strength of the extracted data from the interview, transferability, reliability and verification criteria were used. Data extracted from interviews conducted by thematic analysis method, as 164 open codes (concepts) and 4 pivotal (category) in seven factors in two categories of organizational political behavior and management of organizational political behavior with the approach of ethical principles using MAXQDA software analysis and analysis Were And the research model was drawn from the software output. In a small section, using the questionnaire and after measuring the reliability and reliability and reliability, 365 employees of Bank Melli and Sepah employees based in Tehran province's branches and headquarters were examined by classification method and random sample. Then, using LIZREL software and confirmatory factor analysis technique (CFA), the effect of organizational political behavior management with the approach of ethical principles on the six identified factors of the occurrence of organizational political behavior was examined. And it has the greatest impact on personal factors (individual and moral). And to confirm the proposed model of the final model, structural equation modeling with PLS software was used. Manuscript profile

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90 - The Ethical Principles of Judicial Oversight in Criminal Proceedings
Abdulreza Mansouri Dehbid Ahmad Ramezani mansour atashene

The enactment of numerous laws and regulations in accordance with ethical standards all results from knowing and respecting the inherent dignity of individuals. The inherent dignity of the human being requires that due process be observed in the process of criminal proc More

The enactment of numerous laws and regulations in accordance with ethical standards all results from knowing and respecting the inherent dignity of individuals. The inherent dignity of the human being requires that due process be observed in the process of criminal proceedings in order to maintain and uphold this criterion to protect the rights of the parties, in particular the accused. The premise of innocence or the principle of absurdity, the principle of the rule of law, the principle of accountability and the avoidance of distortion of justice and judicial errors can be considered as one of the most important ethical principles of judicial supervision. In this regard, the observance of citizenship rights, in the domestic and international context as reflected in the Code of Criminal Procedure adopted in 2013, has led to judicial oversight of judicial authorities' conduct in the process of prosecution and investigation in relation to the fundamental rights of individuals. Special attention is given to the law. The basic principles of the law in criminal proceedings, and consequently the responsibility and accountability of the relevant judicial authorities, to prevent the abuses and violations of the rights of individuals, in particular the defendants; Descriptive analysis of the philosophy and ethical foundations of the legal establishment of judicial oversight in modern criminal justice systems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

91 - Investigating the Impact of Ethical Attitudes on Digital Marketing Strategies On the performance of the hotel industry
Ali Nakhchian Ali Hosseinzadeh Hossein momenimahmouei Mohammad Ghasemi Namaghi

Work ethic is the most important factor in the success of the hotel industry. The contemporary world is evolving at an Amazing speed Organizations, as one of the most prominent characteristics of today's societies, are rapidly changing and evolving, and in the current s More

Work ethic is the most important factor in the success of the hotel industry. The contemporary world is evolving at an Amazing speed Organizations, as one of the most prominent characteristics of today's societies, are rapidly changing and evolving, and in the current system, improving performance is one of the main goals of any living and active organization. So it is clear that examining the variables that affect it can be a guide for managers to improve the company. In this regard, in this study, we seek to investigate the effect of digital marketing strategies On the performance of the hotel industry. In terms of type and nature, this research is a descriptive-analytical research and in terms of purpose, it is a type of applied research. In this study, the introduced model was tested using 125 specimens and using paltial least squares (PLS) method. The findings show a positive and significant effect of email marketing and network marketing, content marketing on the dimensions of hotel performance (from all 4 financial perspectives, customer, internal and ethical processes). But the impact of viral marketing on performance was not confirmed. This research clarifies for managers the fact that by investing in digital marketing strategies, they not only do no harm, but also achieve a competitive advantage by improving performance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

92 - Provide a model for entrepreneurial marketing management in the microelectronics industry
Farshad Hekmatzadeh Hossein Vazifeh Dust Farideh Haghshenas Kashani

Entrepreneurship is an important and inexhaustible resource for all human societies. A resource that goes back to human creativity. It is cheap on the one hand and very valuable and endless on the other. Today, everyone has realized that societies that have relied on hu More

Entrepreneurship is an important and inexhaustible resource for all human societies. A resource that goes back to human creativity. It is cheap on the one hand and very valuable and endless on the other. Today, everyone has realized that societies that have relied on human resources to succeed on underground resources in the long run have considered underground resources in Third World countries to be barriers to development, despite its advantages. However, the lack of these resources in some countries has led them to become among the leading countries in the world today, using the power of thought, creativity and initiative, or in a word, entrepreneurship. Especially in the present age, which is the age of knowledge, creativity and the age of combining ideas and initiatives, it is very important to pay attention to entrepreneurship in the development and progress of countries In this research, the mixed method has been used, which includes two parts, qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative part of the research, interview tools were used. The necessary information and data have been obtained in the qualitative section from experts in the field of marketing and entrepreneurship. This research was collected and then analyzed using Grand Theory method. The categories obtained from the collected data are presented. Thus, in order to provide a model for entrepreneurial marketing in the microelectronics industry, a qualitative approach with exploratory design was used. To this end, a model for entrepreneurial marketing in the electronics industry was first developed using a qualitative approach and data coding. Therefore, first, the qualitative part is mentioned and then the quantitative part is explained and the research results are presented, then the results of the quantitative part are examined. Manuscript profile

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93 - moral challenge and responsibility of caspian"s oil and gas unilateral usage
Soheil Asgharzadeh Abdul Karim Shahidar

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Iran faced with new neighbors in this region; the neighbors who actually had no intention to adhere to their previous country’s commitments and this issue is important in ethic and international rules aspects. However, the exploit More

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Iran faced with new neighbors in this region; the neighbors who actually had no intention to adhere to their previous country’s commitments and this issue is important in ethic and international rules aspects. However, the exploitation of the seabed and under seabed reserves of the Caspian Sea has been among the unsolved problems yet. Furthermore, no agreement has been made about sharing such resources in the recent convention in Aktau. Despite considering Caspian as a sea or lake, the principles of international law like procedures of the countries and the principles of the international trials and doctrines do not confirm any unilateral use of gas and oil resources of this sea by the countries; on the other hand, the mentioned convention emphasizes the requirement of making a separate agreement about the seabed and under seabed resources of this sea which also suggests the requirement of making a comprehensive agreement among these countries. Nevertheless, what is actually observed is the exploitation of these resources by all countries bordering the Caspian Sea without considering the benefits of the other countries. In this regard, Iran has the most passive position. It is obvious that the countries in the Caspian border shall determine their objectives by applying the principles of international law and new geopolitical changes and make a comprehensive agreement about oil and gas resources. Before considering this significant affair, a comprehensive use of these resources is not allowed based on the international law and will arise international liability that is affected from universal ethics. Manuscript profile

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94 - Ethical Assessment of Internal Armed Conflicts with a focus on the Statute of the International Criminal Court and the procedure of the former Yugoslav Court
mohsen amari Mahdi Hatami

War crimes are one of the most important examples of international crimes and, as a moral anomaly, are within the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. As long as it has been criminalized in Article 8 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, it ha More

War crimes are one of the most important examples of international crimes and, as a moral anomaly, are within the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. As long as it has been criminalized in Article 8 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, it has undergone a long process. In general, the Statute of the Court exceeded the limits of the customary international law on war conflicts in significant and perceptible cases and imposes new obligations on States Parties. In addition to the criminalization of certain acts related to the war in international armed conflicts, the crimes committed in conflicts within the countries have also been sanctioned. By 1949, International humanitarian law has not considered to internal armed conflicts, and up to 1977, no independent treaties were drawn up in this regard. It can also be found in the absence of a comprehensive definition of non-international armed conflicts. However, in the 1990s, The International Criminal Court for the former Yugoslavia defined a definition, while reflecting the custom of its time, influenced the development of the future custom. In this paper, The formation of resources and bases governing internal armed conflicts and its gradual and moral development will be assessed on the basis of humanitarian criteria by the library method and using fishing tools, and will show that the procedure of the Court The former Yugoslav penal code, followed by the drafting of the 1998 Statute of the International Criminal Court. And the inclusion of these crimes in the scope of war crimes has created and developed a great moral transformation in relation to the development of rights related to these conflicts. Manuscript profile

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95 - Educational study of the issue of the strength of men over women in the light of the moral teachings of the Holy Quran
Reihaneh Emamjomeh Jafar nekoonam Mehrdad Abbasi

Surah An-Nisa 'is one of the civil surahs. In this surah, marital issues and rights are discussed. One of the issues raised in this surah is the "solidity" of men over women. Verse 34 of this surah states the strength of the men of woman based on the charity and detail More

Surah An-Nisa 'is one of the civil surahs. In this surah, marital issues and rights are discussed. One of the issues raised in this surah is the "solidity" of men over women. Verse 34 of this surah states the strength of the men of woman based on the charity and detail of the men. The issue of men's strength has been considered by commentators from the beginning until now, and each of them has had interpretations of this verse based on the prevailing culture in society. This verse, in the position of moral expression, is the subject of men's affairs over women, and the commentators have expressed the two titles of charity and detail as a factor of consistency, and have presented various views in determining the example of charity and detail. These views are full of extremism. In this study, based on the context of the verses of Surah An-Nisa 'and the verses before and after the verse of "Consistency" and other verses in the rest of the Surahs and accuracy in the meaning of charity, detail and consistency, it has been reached that consistency is close to educational and moral duties including behavior. The basis of justice is the observance of limits, the observance of the well-known principle, the denial of harm and transgression, forgiveness, etc. by men to women. It is also the "sphere of influence of men's solidarity related to family and marital issues" and does not cover other areas of women's lives, and women have full authority in other cases. Also, from the context of the verses related to marital rulings and the verses before and after verse 34 of Surah An-Nisa ', it can be seen that the authority of man over woman is only related to the field of marriage and woman has her own special and independent personality in other life situations. Is the only criterion of superiority of piety. Finally, it is inferred from all the moral teachings of Islam that the authority of a man over a woman is based on two principles, "infagh" which has been interpreted as paying dowry and "tafzil" which according to other verses of the Qur'an can be interpreted as provision. Islam has based the rules and rights of women on their nature, because social duties and responsibilities end with human nature. Manuscript profile

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96 - Moral conscience and its function on the behavior of judges in the Iranian judicial system
Yahya Jafari Ahmad Reza Khazaei Jamshid Masoumi

Judgment has a high status in the Islamic jurisprudential school and the judge, as an important pillar of this school, in addition to having a remarkable dignity, is also exposed to internal and external dangers. The spread of justice, as the final goal of the judicial More

Judgment has a high status in the Islamic jurisprudential school and the judge, as an important pillar of this school, in addition to having a remarkable dignity, is also exposed to internal and external dangers. The spread of justice, as the final goal of the judicial system, requires that worthy and pious people of will and faith in the position of this position, to issue a verdict and exercise the right, but given the existence of the essence in human existence, which He swears by the misguidance of man and in verse 82 of Surah Al-As, he says: In this research, it has been proved that although the health of the judiciary and the judge can be assured, but the role of supervision will not be negated and the supervisory body will create a map by explaining different indicators in this supervision. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

97 - Investigating the place of moral values in alimony and the feasibility of abolition of alimony in Iranian jurisprudence and law with a comparative study of American law
Fakhr Afagh Hamidi Seyed Ahmad Ali Hashemi Hossein Naseri Moghaddam

The wife's right to alimony in Islam and civil law, following Imami jurisprudence, is one of the inalienable rights of a permanent wife that a man is required to pay. Regarding the place of moral values in alimony, we came to the conclusion that the reason for the oblig More

The wife's right to alimony in Islam and civil law, following Imami jurisprudence, is one of the inalienable rights of a permanent wife that a man is required to pay. Regarding the place of moral values in alimony, we came to the conclusion that the reason for the obligation of men to pay alimony in Islamic law, given the different characteristics of men and women and the ability of each, is this obligation for men and not women and a moral value is the basis. It was a verdict. Regarding the necessity of the right to alimony, while examining the famous and unfamiliar opinions of the jurists, the lack of specification of the legislator and the unanimous decision of the Supreme Court, we came to the conclusion that as soon as the marriage is concluded, the wife is entitled to alimony and Muscat will not . Regarding the possibility of abrogation of alimony by the wife before concluding the marriage and its obligation, abrogation of this right from a legal point of view will be a valid and ineffective case; However, it seems that abortion after marriage is partially acceptable by the wife and does not interfere with the validity of the marriage and the legislative interests. In American law, although the issue of revocation of rights is not the same as in our law, alimony is a reciprocal obligation of the couple that not only does not expire during the cohabitation, but can also continue for each couple after the divorce. Unless the spouses agree or do not demand from each other, in such a case, according to the rule of the principle of will and the absence of the legislator in the personal relations of the spouses (except in cases of disagreement) the agreements of the parties will be valid. A comparative study of the differences in the field of alimony found positive cases in the American legal system and suggestions were made to amend the laws. Manuscript profile

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98 - The position of Islamic ethics standards in the field of negative consequences of quoting meaning and its reflection in prophetic narrations
Roohollah Samadi Ali Hossein Ehteshami Seyed Hamid Hosseini

Quotation of meaning means that the narrator expresses the meaning that the infallible (AS) has expressed in the form of words in other words and conveys the meaning. Undoubtedly, the approach of the phenomenon of quoting meaning to the hadiths has been accompanied by a More

Quotation of meaning means that the narrator expresses the meaning that the infallible (AS) has expressed in the form of words in other words and conveys the meaning. Undoubtedly, the approach of the phenomenon of quoting meaning to the hadiths has been accompanied by afflictions. The meaning of the word, which is based on certain words, may be lost due to the narration of the meaning, its charm and literary points, and sometimes lead to spiritual distortion or verbal stagnation. Shiite and Sunni scholars have been the ones who have caused damage to the credibility of the Prophetic narrations.Difference of hadiths, anxiety in the text, change and distortion, excess and deficiency in hadiths and similar conversion to firmness are among the negative consequences of narration. -An analysis with library technique. Manuscript profile

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99 - Alignment of jurisprudence and ethics with the assumption of observing the limits in corporal punishment of children
Sadegh Fani Maleki Ahmad mirkhalili

According to the jurisprudential sources, the principle of corporal punishment of children has been prescribed and according to this, the legislator of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in Article 1179 of the Civil Code, has accepted the corporal punishment of children by t More

According to the jurisprudential sources, the principle of corporal punishment of children has been prescribed and according to this, the legislator of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in Article 1179 of the Civil Code, has accepted the corporal punishment of children by their parents. At first glance, it is thought that corporal punishment of a child is a behavior contrary to moral standards, and this jurisprudential ruling is in conflict with moral principles. The purpose of this study is to correct this basic view and to prove the principle of permissibility of corporal punishment of children from two perspectives of jurisprudence and ethics and to determine its permissible scope, to prove the non-confrontation of jurisprudence and ethics in this field. That is, corporal punishment in jurisprudence on the one hand is limited to its amount, type and severity, and on the other hand, the age of the child, the position and motivation of the discipline are also considered as permissible limits, and by observing these restrictions, not the ruling It is not permissible in jurisprudence to oppose the principles of ethics, but it is completely in harmony with it. Manuscript profile

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100 - Moral approach to compensating for the spiritual damage caused by the decline of reason in jurisprudence and Iranian law
Mohammad Ferdosi Pour MOhammadReza Kazemi GolVerdi Hossein Ahmary

The development of moral principles has been one of the necessities of human society throughout history. Also, the most important point that should be addressed in the discussion of compensation for spiritual damage is the definition of moral damages. Jurists and jurist More

The development of moral principles has been one of the necessities of human society throughout history. Also, the most important point that should be addressed in the discussion of compensation for spiritual damage is the definition of moral damages. Jurists and jurists have tried to provide a logical definition of spiritual damage. Damage is not limited to financial losses, but spiritual damage damages and damages the most important dimension of human personality, which is its spiritual and spiritual dimension. However, in jurisprudence, compensation for material damages in both positive and negative types has been strongly and frequently considered and revised in Iranian jurisprudence and criminal law. However, the issue of "spiritual damage" still has much to do with the current laws and even jurisprudence. This article seeks to pay attention to the importance of reason in Islamic penal laws and criminal procedure and the methods of compensation for damages due to its loss or decline, using a descriptive-analytical method and considering jurisprudential and legal sources. Finally, with the aim of removing ambiguity from Qunin and emphasizing the spiritual rights of reason and by examining and analyzing the legitimacy of "spiritual damage" and how to compensate it by studying the current laws, especially the new criminal procedure and Islamic Penal Code, as well as civil liability and Its application to the rules of jurisprudence, such as the rule of no harm, the denial of hardship, pride and waste, as well as the examination of the rule of reason, we will conclude that spiritual damage can be claimed. Manuscript profile

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101 - Examining the moral responsibility and duties of the government towards responsibilities outside the will
Mohsen Lezgi Hossein Saberi Seyed Mohsen Jalali

The government's responsibilities towards involuntary civil responsibilities are important and fundamental issues that have not been addressed much. At the same time, the government's duties in this regard, given the growing importance of citizens' rights, are important More

The government's responsibilities towards involuntary civil responsibilities are important and fundamental issues that have not been addressed much. At the same time, the government's duties in this regard, given the growing importance of citizens' rights, are important and necessary issues for discussion. The main question that has been raised and examined in this article in the present article is what is the responsibility of the government from events from its moral and legal point of view? What are the jurisprudential principles, moral and legal principles, conditions and duties of the government towards responsibilities beyond its control? The present article is descriptive-analytical and examines the mentioned questions using the library method. The results of the article indicate that in Iranian law, the government is committed to responsibilities beyond its control. The theory of equality of citizens, the theory of distributive justice, the theory of guarantee of rights, the observance of the rule of justice and the theory of the insuring state are the moral and legal foundations of the government's responsibility for unintentional events. Lack of reason or his inability to pay the ransom, the judge's mistake in judging the government's duty in the event of an accident, and the government's obligation to pay the ransom for traffic accidents (bodily injury insurance fund). One of the most important examples is the responsibility of the government towards responsibilities beyond its control. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

102 - An analysis on the riddle of the number seventy-five moral propositions in the hadith of wisdom and ignorance
hadi vahdani far Mohammad Davoodi

The hadith of wisdom and ignorance is one of the important moral and educational hadiths which has expressed the armies of wisdom and ignorance under the title of virtues and vices. The important point of the hadith is that the number of soldiers of wisdom and ignorance More

The hadith of wisdom and ignorance is one of the important moral and educational hadiths which has expressed the armies of wisdom and ignorance under the title of virtues and vices. The important point of the hadith is that the number of soldiers of wisdom and ignorance stated in the text of the narration is more than seventy-five, which has been specified at the beginning of the narration; as in some narrations, the number of soldiers of wisdom and ignorance has been mentioned as 78, 80, 81, 82 or 83. Although great commentators such as Mirdamad have made a mistake in the number, and Mulla Sadra Shirazi has ignored on the number 75, but on the contrary, some great commentators of hadith, including Sheikh Baha'i, Feyz Kashani, Sharif Shirazi, have considered semantic synonymy by quoting some words in the text of the narration. They have attributed this to the mistake of narrators and amanuenses, or near and secret meanings. Some others, such as Mullah Saneh Mazandarani, Mullah Khalil Qazvini, Allameh Majlisi, have emphasized the lack of semantic synonymy. The present article, while expressing the different views of the commentators and aggregating the sources of hadith, has introduced and explicated the moral propositions and their critique, and believes that due to the differences between the sources and the manuscripts of hadith, the moral propositions are beyond the justification of semantic synonymy. Therefore, we consider the theory of lack of semantic synonymy acceptable and believe that no mistake has been made by the Imam (as), amanuenses and narrators of hadith. Rather, the narration of wisdom and ignorance seeks to express the concept of number and mention the abundance and principles of moral and educational propositions under the two general titles of wisdom and ignorance, and good and evil. Manuscript profile

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103 - Fakhr al-Din al-Razi on the Role of Satan in Occurrence of Moral Evil
Akram Salehi رضا اکبری

According to al-Razi, Satan contributes to the occurrence of moral evil by appealing to temptation (which is reified as void promises, magic, embellishment, etc.). He contends that at times, Satan represents himself as a human being, and at others communicates directly More

According to al-Razi, Satan contributes to the occurrence of moral evil by appealing to temptation (which is reified as void promises, magic, embellishment, etc.). He contends that at times, Satan represents himself as a human being, and at others communicates directly with intrinsic forces (especially estimation and imagination) and inspires satanic thoughts to individuals by temptation. Satanic thoughts result in individuals' heedlessness and by causing epistemic inversion, deviates the will from the right path. He believes that acquiescence in the Satanic thoughts results from damage to reason, poorness of memory, the appeal to lust and wrath forces, etc. and the appeal to God, wisdom, worship, angels’ help, etc. prevents people from acquiescence in such thoughts. In this article, we aim at finding a new solution to the contemporary problem of evil through the works of al-Razi. We have used the hermeneutical method for extraction of al-Razi’s ideas and the analytical method for the reconstruction of his solution to the problem of evil. Manuscript profile

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104 - Virtue ethics from the point of view of Imam Ali in Nahj al-Balaghah
Maryam Khatami

In contemporary times, one of the major branches in ethics and philosophy of ethics is “virtue ethics". In general, the ethical question is: “What is good?” So far, three fundamental answers have been given to this question that in the three schools of Consequentialism More

In contemporary times, one of the major branches in ethics and philosophy of ethics is “virtue ethics". In general, the ethical question is: “What is good?” So far, three fundamental answers have been given to this question that in the three schools of Consequentialism, Deontologism, and ethics of virtue is classified. Of these three, Virtue ethics in the contemporary era has attracted the attention of Islamic and non-Islamic scholars and thinkers. This study attempts to examine how this type of ethics is reflected in the teachings of Imam Ali Based on the findings of the research, it can be said that the ethics of virtue is the dominant theory in viewpoints of Imam Ali and mystics. For example, where Imam Ali in Nahj al-Balaghah, Wisdom 32 says: “A good person is better than a good deed, and a bad person is worse than a bad deed”. In the manifestations of the ethics of virtue in the teachings of Imam Ali, the "justice" as the main virtue is emphasized. This research has been done with interpretive analytical method. Manuscript profile

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105 - The Effect of Entrepreneurs’ Political Skills on the Performance of Companies in Food and Beverage Industry: The Mediating Role of Entrepreneurship Orientation and Ethical Leadership
Maryam Tehrani yusef vakili mostafa mousavi

The purpose of the current paper is explaining the effect of entrepreneurs’ political skills on the performance of companies in food and Beverage industry, with the mediating role of entrepreneurship orientation and ethical leadership. The current research is a descript More

The purpose of the current paper is explaining the effect of entrepreneurs’ political skills on the performance of companies in food and Beverage industry, with the mediating role of entrepreneurship orientation and ethical leadership. The current research is a descriptive-developmental study in terms of its purpose and descriptive-correlational type in terms of collecting data. The statistical society of the research consisted of 154 companies in food and Beverage industry in Shams Abad town. In order to collecting data 4 standardized questionnaires in entrepreneurs’ political skills, entrepreneurship orientation, ethical leadership and company performance were taken. Data analyzing was done base on the Structural Equation Modelling method. The result showed that entrepreneurs’ political skills has a positive meaningful effect on entrepreneurship orientation and ethical leadership, also entrepreneurship orientation has a meaningful effect on the company performance. In the current research the mediating role of ethical leadership in the relationship between entrepreneurs’ political skills and company performance wasn’t confirmed. Therefore, the entrepreneurship orientations can be increased through reinforcing entrepreneurs’ political skills and finally the higher level of company performance will be occurred Manuscript profile

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106 - A Study of Ethical Principles in Judicial Oversight in Iranian and British Law
Hashem Pouran Fard Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Ghamami Vali Rostami

Ethical principles are of particular importance in judicial oversight. The value and importance of ethics for the organization is very significant and this issue has a special place in judicial supervision. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the ethi More

Ethical principles are of particular importance in judicial oversight. The value and importance of ethics for the organization is very significant and this issue has a special place in judicial supervision. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the ethical principles in judicial supervision in Iranian and British law, which was addressed in this study. In this study, judicial supervision and its principles in Iranian and British law were examined Then, the moral principles in Iranian and British law were discussed. According to the findings, the moral principles in Iranian law are the principle of honesty, the principle of trustworthiness, the principle of openness, the principle of fairness, the principle of disregard for prohibition; But in English law, the ethical principles of judicial oversight include illegality and the issue of disqualification, the rationality of action, non-compliance with legal procedures, legal procedures and the principles of natural justice. Manuscript profile

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107 - Study and analysis of the moral miracle of the Holy Quran
Mahin SHahrivar

Ethics is one of the most important manifestations of the Holy Quran, which some believe in the miracle of the Holy Quran in this regard. Ethics are the practical do's and don'ts that God Almighty has determined for us to grow and perfect, such as prayer, fasting, Hajj, More

Ethics is one of the most important manifestations of the Holy Quran, which some believe in the miracle of the Holy Quran in this regard. Ethics are the practical do's and don'ts that God Almighty has determined for us to grow and perfect, such as prayer, fasting, Hajj, Zakat, etc. The moral issues of the Qur'an should be sought in three areas: Comprehensive moral propositions of the Qur'an , The moral system of the Qur'an, which is superior to other moral systems with the principles and principles of its special teachings, and the historical influence of the Qur'an in creating a moral revolution in the early Islamic society and its audience. This article seeks to examine and analyze the ethical approaches of the Qur'an by referring to the moral examples of the Qur'an such as desirable moral virtues, introducing superior moral models to the world, observing chastity about sexual issues, and so on. Manuscript profile

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108 - Research Ethics and Children's Rights
Shima Tabatabai

Background and aim: Despite the increasing global attention on the societal need to respect the principles of children's participatory rights in which children are involved, surprisingly, the relationship between children's rights and research ethics is not clear and re More

Background and aim: Despite the increasing global attention on the societal need to respect the principles of children's participatory rights in which children are involved, surprisingly, the relationship between children's rights and research ethics is not clear and research ethics for children’s rights have been neglected in the social sciences literature. The aim of this study is to determine the relation of the ethical guidelines with children’s right. Method: This analytic study conducted to analyze the ethical research considerations from human rights and child right perspective. Results: Our analysis revealed that although the human right principles referred to in the social research ethical guidelines, the definition of “right” and especially children rights are ignored. Within the social sciences research ethical guidelines, including those related to children, there is often a lack of direct referral to the human rights principles emphasized by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). Conclusion: Linking the human rights principles within research ethics guidelines will promote and encourage a rights-based approach to child research. These specific Research ethics guidelines need to be drawn upon the UNCRC. Manuscript profile

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109 - Child Great Interests in Iran's Judiciary and Convention on the Rights of the Child
Mohammad Roshan Hossein Hamdi

The interest of the child means managing his affairs in such a way as to ensure the accuracy of his physical development and his moral and intellectual civility. The interest of the child arises of the particular physical and psychological state of the child because the More

The interest of the child means managing his affairs in such a way as to ensure the accuracy of his physical development and his moral and intellectual civility. The interest of the child arises of the particular physical and psychological state of the child because the child is not an evolved person but is on the path to becoming an adult and wise person. Therefore, the interest of the child is different from the interest of the adult man. For this reason, in conflict between preserving the child's psyche and preserving his property priority is by preserving his soul and intellect. Iran law and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child have accepted this criterion. Because of the joinder of Iran to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention, based on Article 9 of the Civil Code, is governed by the domestic law of Iran, and it can be inferred from the interpretation of the existing laws and the completion of the reticence of the law, such as the time when the child withdraws from custody, to the present Convention, In this direction, it has been cited in some of the rulings issued to this Convention as one of the directions of the ruling. Manuscript profile

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110 - Research Ethics and Children's Rights
Shima Tabatabai

Background and aim: Despite the increasing global attention on the societal need to respect the principles of children's participatory rights in which children are involved, surprisingly, the relationship between children's rights and research ethics is not clear and re More

Background and aim: Despite the increasing global attention on the societal need to respect the principles of children's participatory rights in which children are involved, surprisingly, the relationship between children's rights and research ethics is not clear and research ethics for children’s rights have been neglected in the social sciences literature. The aim of this study is to determine the relation of the ethical guidelines with children’s right. Method: This analytic study conducted to analyze the ethical research considerations from human rights and child right perspective. Results: Our analysis revealed that although the human right principles referred to in the social research ethical guidelines, the definition of “right” and especially children rights are ignored. Within the social sciences research ethical guidelines, including those related to children, there is often a lack of direct referral to the human rights principles emphasized by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). Conclusion: Linking the human rights principles within research ethics guidelines will promote and encourage a rights-based approach to child research. These specific Research ethics guidelines need to be drawn upon the UNCRC. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

111 - Mediating Effect of Moral Disengagement on the Relationship between Dark Traits of Personality and Infidelity Tendency
Sajjad Basharpoor Mir Nader Miri

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dark traits of personality with infidelity tendency and role of moral disengagement as a mediator. Hence, 204 individuals, were selected by means of multistage cluster sampling from district 8 in Tehran and compl More

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dark traits of personality with infidelity tendency and role of moral disengagement as a mediator. Hence, 204 individuals, were selected by means of multistage cluster sampling from district 8 in Tehran and completed The Dark Triad Personality Questionnaire (Jonson and Webster, 2010), Moral Disengagement Questionnaire (Bandura, 1995), and Infidelity Tendency Questionnaire (Polat, 2006). Data were analyzed using the correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Findings from analysis showed that each of dark traits of personality had significant correlation with moral disengagement and infidelity tendency variables and also moral disengagement had a significant correlation with infidelity tendency. On the other hand, traits of Narcissism and Machiavellianism in addition to direct effect by moral disengagement have indirect effect over infidelity tendency. Finally, according to findings, it can be expressed that infidelity tendency the relation between traits of Narcissism and Machiavellianism with infidelity tendency plays a mediating role. Manuscript profile

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112 - Psychologists' Professional Codes of Ethics in Iran, America, Canada, England, and Australia
Behnaz Dowran Ali Fathi-Ashtiani

the present study compares psychologists' professional Codes of Ethics in Iran, America, Canada, England, and Australia. The study population consisted of all countries with professional Codes of Ethics, of which, America, Canada, Britain, Australia, and Iran were purpo More

the present study compares psychologists' professional Codes of Ethics in Iran, America, Canada, England, and Australia. The study population consisted of all countries with professional Codes of Ethics, of which, America, Canada, Britain, Australia, and Iran were purposively selected due to their progressiveness in the development of professional Codes of Ethics, and their ethical principles and standards were compared. The results obtained showed that with the exception of Iran and America, all codes studied had defined the basic concepts and terminologies after introduction. In addition, they all contained two main sections, namely, general principles and standards. The general principles were almost the same and common in these codes, and included respect for people's dignity, accountability, integrity, no discrimination or injustice, philanthropy, and avoidance of harm. The ethical standards in Iran’s and America's codes appear independently from the general principles. Meanwhile, the standards are presented under relevant ethical principles in the Australian, Canadian, and British codes. Iran's standards of ethical codes almost exactly match those of America's, and the only difference is in the order of presenting standards of "Accountability" and "Storing registered information and fees" and the extent of explanations and details. According to the present study, the following changes can contribute to a greater understanding and practicability of Iran's Code of Ethics: Providing definitions and explanations for specialized terminologies and general principles, adding more details to standards and considering local culture and religion. Manuscript profile

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113 - The Relationship between Personality Traits, Moral Behavior and the Feeling of Guilt with Compulsory Citizenship Behavior
Mohammad Ali Nadi Hajar Azizii Nafiseh Masjedi

The aim of the current study was to study the relationship between personality traits, moral behavior and the feeling of guilt with compulsory citizenship behavior. Thus, 320 teachers at Isfahan female high schools were chosen by stratified random sampling method and pr More

The aim of the current study was to study the relationship between personality traits, moral behavior and the feeling of guilt with compulsory citizenship behavior. Thus, 320 teachers at Isfahan female high schools were chosen by stratified random sampling method and proportional to demographic share of each region as a sample. The research method was casual-comparative-correlation method and the study tools included the measures of Vigoda-Gadot Compulsory Citizenship Behavior Scale, Costa & McCrae, Personality Traits Inventory, Lussier, Moral Behavior Inventory, The Feeling of Guilt Scale Marschall, Sanftner & Tangney. The data was analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and the structural equation modeling. Results revealed that, there was a negative relationship between personality traits (the extroversion characteristics, being pleasant, being conscientious) with compulsory citizenship behavior, and a negative relationship with flexibility, and a significant and positive relationship with psychotic characteristic. Results of the structural equation modeling showed that between personality traits, there is a direct and significant relationship between the dimensions of being conscientious and being pleasant with moral behavior. In addition there was a direct and significant relationship between the characteristics of being conscientious, flexibility, extroversion and psychotic with the feeling of guilt, and there was a direct and significant relationship between moral behavior variable and the feeling of guilt with compulsory citizenship behavior. Manuscript profile

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114 - the moderating role of empathy in the relationship between moral judgment and moral behavior
zeinab rezayi

Although many researchers study the students' moral judgments and behavior, but about the emotional dimension of morality, wich is considered as emotions related to the interests of others Instead of self-interest, literature is scant. The aim of this study is to inves More

Although many researchers study the students' moral judgments and behavior, but about the emotional dimension of morality, wich is considered as emotions related to the interests of others Instead of self-interest, literature is scant. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of moderating of empathy in the relationship between moral judgment and moral behavior of students. For this purpose, 336 students (176 girls and 160 boys) of high school students in eighth Grade in Mashhad were selected by Multistage cluster sampling. Tools used in this research include: 15 questions checklist moral behavior of Swanson and Hill (1993), the short form of moral stories of Rest and colleagues (1973), for moral judgment, and empathy questionnaire of Mark Davies (1994). Different analytical tests including Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression was used to examine the findings The results showed that there is a significant, direct but weak relationship between moral judgment and moral behavior. also there is positive and significant relation between empathy and moral behavior. Regression analysis showed empathy has the moderating effect on the relationship between moral judgment and moral behavior. as well as gender differences in two empathic concern and perspective-taking subscales was observed. According to the results, it can be said that not only students' moral behavior is directly predictable from moral judgment, but also this relationship moderated through empathy. Manuscript profile

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115 - Causal Explanation of Dimensions of academic dishonesty Base on Moral Character and Self- Deception
Dr Barani farhad khormaei

Introduction: Although, Investigating the separated dimensions of academic dishonesty is important to identify its causes and reduce this behavior, But researches have investigated this behavior by a general construct. The purpose of this study was Causal explanation of More

Introduction: Although, Investigating the separated dimensions of academic dishonesty is important to identify its causes and reduce this behavior, But researches have investigated this behavior by a general construct. The purpose of this study was Causal explanation of the dimensions of academic dishonesty among a group of undergraduate students at Shiraz University. Method: Participants were 303 (185 girls and 111 boys) undergraduates at Shiraz University (during 1397-98 academic year) who were selected using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. They completed the moral character scale of Khoramei & Ghaemi (2018), self- deception of Sirvent et al. (2019), and Academic Dishonesty scales of Bashir & Bala (2018). For analyzing the research model, structural equation modeling and Amos 24 software was used. Results: The results showed that the research model fits well with the data collected. Findings showed that moral character predicted Dimensions of academic dishonesty directly and indirectly (through self- deception). Also, the maximum variance was explained by lying about academic assignments and the minimum variance by Cheating in Examination in the model. Conclusion: In general, the findings of the present study illustrate the role of moral character and self-deception in explaining the dimensions of academic dishonesty, and especially the dimension of lying about academic assignments. Manuscript profile

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116 - The Relationship between Attachment Style and Moral Identity: The Mediating Role of Empathy
Ghasideh Hojjati zahra naghsh Mohammad Khodayarifard

The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and moral identity, mediated by role of empathy. This research was a correlational study. A total 350 participants were selected by means of multistage cluster sampling among all the girl More

The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and moral identity, mediated by role of empathy. This research was a correlational study. A total 350 participants were selected by means of multistage cluster sampling among all the girl students of tenth grade of Hamedan city’s public schools. The data were gathered by using 3 measures: Moral Identity Scale (Aquino & Reed, 2002), The Basic Empathy Scale (Joliffe & Farrington, 2006) and Adult Attachment Questionnaire (Collins & Reed, 1996). Using software Spss and Lisrel, the data were analyzed. The results indicate that the model had a good fit to the research’s data. The secure attachment style was a significant positive predictor of moral identity and avoidant attachment style and ambivalent attachment style, were both negative predictors of moral identity. Also secure attachment was a positive predictor of empathy and avoidant attachment was a negative predictor of empathy. And in the meantime the relationship among ambivalent attachment style and empathy was not significant. Manuscript profile

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117 - Relationship between Moral Identity and Emotional Well- Being: Mediating Role of Self-Deception
Dr Barani Farideh Yousefi

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-deception in the relationship between moral identity and emotional well-being. The participants were 320 (170 women and 150 Men) undergraduate students from Shiraz University which were selected via ran More

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-deception in the relationship between moral identity and emotional well-being. The participants were 320 (170 women and 150 Men) undergraduate students from Shiraz University which were selected via random cluster sampling method, and completed the self- deception questionnaire of Sirvent et al. (2019), moral identity scale of Aquino & Reed (2002), and emotional well- being scale of Keyes & Magyar-Moe (2003). The validity and reliability of the research scales were also verified by confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. To test the research hypothesis, path analysis were used. The findings showed that the research model fited well with the data collected. Also, the results showed a negative and statistically significant relationship between the dimensions of moral identity and self-deception, a negative and statistically significant relationship between self-deception and emotional well-being, a positive and statistically significant relationship between internalization and emotional well-being. There was no statistically significant relationship between symbolization and emotional well-being. The mediating role of self-deception was also confirmed. In general, the findings of the present study indicated the importance of paying attention to the self-deception influence of moral identity and affecting students' emotional well-being. The results are discussed based on research and theoretical evidence. Manuscript profile

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118 - Identifying role of school in constructing the student’s moral identity
hamideh poorteimoori Mansoureh Haj Hosseini Mohammad Khodayarifard

The present study has been carried out at the aim of investigation of the share of education and school in constructing the student’s moral identity. The qualitative method with a phenomenological approach was utilized to perform the research. The participants were 15 f More

The present study has been carried out at the aim of investigation of the share of education and school in constructing the student’s moral identity. The qualitative method with a phenomenological approach was utilized to perform the research. The participants were 15 female students with the age of 15 to 17 years that were selected with a targeted method based on the principle of saturation or repetition of answers. The tool for data gathering in the present research was the semi-structured qualitative interview with open-ended and standardized questions and the data were analyzed and classified according to Strauss and Glaser's approach. Due to the results, in the family aspect, the parents’ characteristics and their educative methods are effective factors on constructing the moral identity, interplays, and influence of students from the school. In school aspect, the awareness and obligation of laws, the amount and how to encouragement and punishment, the interplay with classmates, the teaching method and personality of teachers, the interplay with school staff, the amount and type of the extracurricular activities, school environment, and also the content of educational books exhibits a significant effect on the constructing the moral identity of the students. Likewise, it can be obtained from the results that in the school aspect, the personality and behavior of teachers, their moral identity, and their obligation to the moral teaching have an indelible effect on the moral identity of the students. Manuscript profile

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119 - Studying the moral concepts in Seyed Ali Jebelamoli(Mehri Arab)'s poetrical works
bahman allami

In this study the reflection of moral elements in the poem of a poet from the Safavi age will be discussed. Mehri Arab is an emigrant who migrated to Isfahan from Lobnan in 11 century. There is a manuscript of his poetrical works in the Tehran university library with th More

In this study the reflection of moral elements in the poem of a poet from the Safavi age will be discussed. Mehri Arab is an emigrant who migrated to Isfahan from Lobnan in 11 century. There is a manuscript of his poetrical works in the Tehran university library with the number of 3217. One of the topics that can be discussed in Mehri's works is the ethics. Subjects are in two parts:1. moral virtues included: beneficence, humility, goodnature, silence, sitting in privatep place to think about God, repetance, generosity, contentment, and 2. devilish morals included: stinginess, illnature, blasphemy, greed, revenge, hypocrisy.in every part these attributes will be analized adducing riligious, moral and mystical teachings as well as examples of the poet / / / / / / / / / // / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / // / / / // / / // / / // / / / / / // // / / // // / / / / / / / / / / // / / / / / / / / / / / / / Manuscript profile

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120 - بررسی درون¬مایه¬های آموزشی- مهارتی و تربیتی- اخلاقی داستان¬های منتخب کودک ایران و جهان
sajad najafi behzadi fateme salehi

انتخاب نوع درون¬مایه داستان¬های کودک و نوجوان از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. آنچه از روزگار گذشته تا اکنون در داستان¬های کودکان دیده می¬شود، درون¬مایه¬های اخلاقی و تربیتی است. این نوع درون¬مایه¬ها دارای پیام¬های ارزشمندی هستند که کودک را در رشد و تعالی اخلاقی یاری می¬دهند More

انتخاب نوع درون¬مایه داستان¬های کودک و نوجوان از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. آنچه از روزگار گذشته تا اکنون در داستان¬های کودکان دیده می¬شود، درون¬مایه¬های اخلاقی و تربیتی است. این نوع درون¬مایه¬ها دارای پیام¬های ارزشمندی هستند که کودک را در رشد و تعالی اخلاقی یاری می¬دهند. کودک امروز علاوه بر مسایل اخلاقی و تربیتی، به آموزش مهارت¬های زندگی نیز نیاز دارد. هدف این جستار بررسی و تحلیل درون¬مایه¬های تربیتی، اخلاقی و مهارتی داستان¬های منتخب کودک ایران و جهان است. روش تحقیق به صورت تحلیل محتوا و شیوه گردآوری اطلاعات نیز اسنادی و کتابخانه¬ای است. آثار بررسی شده از داستان¬های منتخب کودکان و از انتشارات کانون پرورش فکری کودک و نوجوان هستند. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که با بررسی درون¬مایه 45 داستان منتخب از 30 نویسنده کودک ایران و جهان، درون¬مایه¬های تربیتی و اخلاقی و مهارتی به ترتیب بیشترین کاربرد را داشته¬اند. شیوه ارائه درون¬مایه در اغلب اثار بررسی شده به شکل غیر مستقیم بوده که از ویژگی¬های مثبت داستان¬ها به شمار می¬رود. Manuscript profile

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121 - آینده‌نگاری نقش انتقاد و اخلاق در آموزش عالی با رویکرد دلفی
e n

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122 - هویت اخلاقی و عملکرد در سازمانها و ادارات کل استان آذربایجان شرقی

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123 - The Relationship between Weakness of Will and Ethical Life in Aristotle: A Glance at Socrates’ View and Aristotle’s Critique of Weakness of Will
Simin Kheirabadi Ali Akbar Abdol Abadi

“Weakness of will” is one of the fundamental concepts in Aristotle’s ethics, a thorough understanding of which requires an understanding of its meaning and use in his views. In this paper, following a descriptive-analytic method, the authors initially refer to the lexic More

“Weakness of will” is one of the fundamental concepts in Aristotle’s ethics, a thorough understanding of which requires an understanding of its meaning and use in his views. In this paper, following a descriptive-analytic method, the authors initially refer to the lexical roots of the expression of “weakness of will” in Greek and, then, try to explain Socrates’ idea of weakness of will and Aristotle’s critique of this view. Next, given some of the referents of the concept of weakness of will in Aristotle’s Nichomachean Ethics, they seek to demonstrate why human beings sometimes act against their ethical knowledge. Later they provide Aristotle’s analysis of the phenomenon of weakness of will as one of the obstacles to living an ethical life and argue that sometimes it stands in contrast to rationality. As a result, while being aware that something is ethically wrong or right, an individual, under the influence of their misplaced desires, might act unethically or cease to act ethically. In Aristotle’s view, a necessary condition for the rationality of ethical necessity is for human beings to benefit from “practical wisdom”. He also believes that if the intellect leads the other human faculties at the level of act, individuals will certainly choose and do the right thing. Manuscript profile

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124 - Epistemological Place of Phronesis and its Importance in Aristotle’s Philosophy of Ethics
Ali Nazemi Ardakani Reza Davari Ardakani Malek Hosseini

Phronesis or practical wisdom is one of the intellectual virtues which Aristotle has defined as a predisposition for continuously becoming involved in practice while thinking wisely about good and evil affairs. The outcome of this predisposition or phronetic act is the More

Phronesis or practical wisdom is one of the intellectual virtues which Aristotle has defined as a predisposition for continuously becoming involved in practice while thinking wisely about good and evil affairs. The outcome of this predisposition or phronetic act is the product of a kind of philosophical thinking which, in addition to viewing certain established principles, attends to madīna (polis) as a cradle for the development of acts; to finite, particular, and changing affairs as the subject of knowledge, and to Man as a free agent. The irregularity and, at the same time, legitimacy of phronesis provides individuals with a strategy not to surrender to fixed and strict scientific laws as the only legitimate tools of knowledge acquisition. Through making a methodological distinction between sophia or theoretical wisdom and phronesis, Aristotle has in fact founded the independence and irreducibility of practico-ethical knowledge about what is correct; practical deliberation cannot be reduced to logical arguments. In Aristotle’s ethical philosophy, accidental knowledge, as the knowledge of finite, particular, possible, and changing affairs, is a complement to essential knowledge, which pertains to pre-eternal and universal affairs and primal and fixed basic principles. Sophia and phronesis can lead to happiness only in case they function as the two sides of the same coin. Manuscript profile

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125 - The Relationship of Theory and Practice with Moral Habits and Man’s Essential Change in the Transcendent Philosophy
Esma’il S’aadati Khamseh

There is an accurate ontological relationship between theoretical and practical wisdom in the Transcendent Philosophy. Based on the principiality of existence and gradation of being, the trans-substantial motion, and the corporeal createdness and spiritual subsistence o More

There is an accurate ontological relationship between theoretical and practical wisdom in the Transcendent Philosophy. Based on the principiality of existence and gradation of being, the trans-substantial motion, and the corporeal createdness and spiritual subsistence of the soul, Mulla Sadra explains this relationship and the soulish change which results from it. The mutual influence of the thoughts, acts, intentions, and behaviors of an individual on each other in the course of the trans-substantial motion of the soul form the inner and real form of human beings. At the beginning of their creation, all individuals are from the same species; however, in their innermost and in the Hereafter, because of the domination of various habits over their souls, they turn into angelic, beastly, savage, or devilish human beings. The embodiment of Man’s otherworldly form and Ideal body are also proportionate to their soulish and moral habits. It is because in the Hereafter bodies are the shadows of souls. This is the same inner transformation or moral incarnation which has been mentioned in religious texts. Moreover, the soul’s trans-substantial motion, whether in the angelic path or in the, beastly, savage, or devilish path, is of the types of dressing after dressing. This is because the origin of inner and otherworldly wickedness is also a kind of gradedness in actuality. Therefore, it can be concluded that, based on the principles of Sadrian philosophy, Man’s inner and otherworldly transformation, is not of the type of impossible essential transformation. Manuscript profile

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126 - The Reasons Behind Lack of Moral Commitment in Mullā Ṣadrā’s View:Weakness of Belief, Desire, and Will Power
Mehdi Zamani

In the view of the Transcendent Philosophy, knowledge, love, kindness, desire, and free will, similar to existence, exist at various levels in all existents, including in Man’s voluntary acts. Lack of moral commitment results from one of the following three factors: 1) More

In the view of the Transcendent Philosophy, knowledge, love, kindness, desire, and free will, similar to existence, exist at various levels in all existents, including in Man’s voluntary acts. Lack of moral commitment results from one of the following three factors: 1) weakness of moral beliefs (lack of perfect certainty and being heedless of existing beliefs); 2) weakness of desire (dominance of whimsical desires and forces and wrath over rational and moral enthusiasm), and 3) weakness of will power (weakness in making decisions and removing obstacles to the desired aim). Accordingly, moral commitment is realized through: 1) attaining the level of certainly and notifying others; 2) intensifying enthusiasm to the level of intellectual desire and delight, and 3) strengthening will power to make the right decision. Given the graded structure of the principles of voluntary act and the promotion and strengthening of the three levels of belief, desire, and will can consolidate the relationship among them and the realization of act will bring them closer to necessity. Manuscript profile

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127 - بررسی تاثیر جو اخلاقی سازمان بر عملکرد سازمانی و تمایل به ترک خدمت
فریبرز رحیم¬نیا زهرا نيکخواه فرخاني

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128 - Explaining the Patterns of Excellence in Excellence for Activist Organizations
Maryam Gholizadeh

Despite the vast application of excellence models in modern organizations, it is not clear that which one is more appropriate. This paper is aimed to choose the most proper Excellence patterns to be employed to realize the excellence goals in progressive organizations. More

Despite the vast application of excellence models in modern organizations, it is not clear that which one is more appropriate. This paper is aimed to choose the most proper Excellence patterns to be employed to realize the excellence goals in progressive organizations. For this study, not only we studied the literature of research, but also we employed Fuzzy Delphi technique to filter and select superior excellence patterns. The conducted idea analysis was filtered during two steps using Cheng & Lin approach. The study population was comprised of 30 industry experts and university faculties. In order to study and analyze, 12 excellence patterns were selected from different fields including human resources, training, ethics, and knowledge management from which 5 excellence models were chosen after filtering experts' opinions. It is considered that through this process, the excellence path for organizations will be defined and will make them capable to take actions in order to realize the excellence goals in much shorter period of time Manuscript profile

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129 - Exploring to Moderating Role of Ethical trait On Model of Brand Affect in Banking Services
Mohammad Reza Karimi Alavijeh Amir Aslani Aslani Afrashteh

Research has shown that in the services industry, such as banking, in addition to the Perceived Quality of Service and brand trust, ethical behaviors of businesses plays a substantial role in shaping and maintaining long-term relationships between organizations and thei More

Research has shown that in the services industry, such as banking, in addition to the Perceived Quality of Service and brand trust, ethical behaviors of businesses plays a substantial role in shaping and maintaining long-term relationships between organizations and their customers. So, in addition to the perceived quality of service, business ethics in services can also have a positive effect on the trust and loyalty of customers. Therefore, this study first examines the relationship between the perceived quality of service, the trust and the brand's Affect, and then examines the effect of ethical traits as a moderating variable on the relationship between perceived quality of service and the trust that leads to the brand's affect. This research in terms of purpose is considered as an applied research; in terms of data collection, it is considered as a descriptive-survey research and To analyze the data and to test the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling using Smart PLS software is used. The statistical population is the Students of the Faculty of Management and Accounting of Shahid Beheshti University. 180 Structured questionnaire based on literature was administered to the target statistical sample. Simple non-probability sampling method is used. The results indicate that perceived quality of service has a significant positive impact on Brand Trust and Brand Trust is also found a predictor variable having a significantly positive impact on brand's affect. Also, the role of moderating variable of ethical traits was confirmed and it is significant. Finally the results of the modeling tests show that ethical traits also enhance trust. Manuscript profile

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130 - The Relationship between Attachment Style and Moral Identity: The Mediating Role of Empathy
Ghasideh Hojjati zahra naghsh Mohammad Khodayarifard

The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and moral identity, mediated by role of empathy. This research was a correlational study. A total 350 participants were selected by means of multistage cluster sampling among all the girl More

The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and moral identity, mediated by role of empathy. This research was a correlational study. A total 350 participants were selected by means of multistage cluster sampling among all the girl students of tenth grade of Hamedan city’s public schools. The data were gathered by using 3 measures: Moral Identity Scale (Aquino & Reed, 2002), The Basic Empathy Scale (Joliffe & Farrington, 2006) and Adult Attachment Questionnaire (Collins & Reed, 1996). Using correlation and path analysis with software Spss and Lisrel, the data were analyzed. The results indicate that the model had a good fit to the research’s data. The secure attachment style was a significant positive predictor of moral identity and avoidant attachment style and ambivalent attachment style, were both negative predictors of moral identity. Also secure attachment was a positive predictor of empathy and avoidant attachment was a negative predictor of empathy. And in the meantime the relationship among ambivalent attachment style and empathy was not significant. Therefore, parents will be able to create a moral identity in their children by having a secure attachment style and through empathy. Manuscript profile

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131 - The role and stance of bees in the illustrations of Masnavi M'anavi
Ruhollah Karimi Noureddinvand Amirhossein saeedipour

10.52547/qap.32283.4.3.109

Abstract In the worldview of mystical and ethical poets, image is one of the most effective strategies to express the transcendent mystical and moral concepts. Rumi, one of the most famous illustrators in the realm of mystical literature, while telling his stories and More

Abstract In the worldview of mystical and ethical poets, image is one of the most effective strategies to express the transcendent mystical and moral concepts. Rumi, one of the most famous illustrators in the realm of mystical literature, while telling his stories and mystical and instructive and teachings in Masnavi M'anavi, has made the concepts tangible for his audience with his intelligent and artistic performance in using images. Amongst most of his poems, especially in Masnavi, nature and its phenomena have a special stance. One of the creatures that Rumi specifically illustrates and mentions in Masnavi is bee and its belongings (nectar, honey, wax and sting).Being aware of the importance of this insect in the Holy Qur'an and emphasizing on some of the most important aspects of its life, Rumi has established a link between this creature and some aspects of human life and used this insect to create real and virtual images of Masnavi to express mystical and moral concepts.Referring to Rumi's illustrations of bees in Masnavi by analyzing its imagery, this study tried to analyze the profound mystical and moral meanings and concepts hidden in these images and achieve knowledge and awareness of this creature and its images in Masnavi through their investigation and expansion. Manuscript profile

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132 - Study of selected macroeconomic variables from the perspective of moral hazard and financial constraints on return and capital structure in listed companies
Masoumeh Ebrahimi hosein panahian Hassan Ghodrati mohsen rasolian

The purpose of this paper is to examine the selected macroeconomic variables from the perspective of moral hazard and financial constraints on the return and capital structure in listed companies in addition to macroeconomic variables, the present study seeks to investi More

The purpose of this paper is to examine the selected macroeconomic variables from the perspective of moral hazard and financial constraints on the return and capital structure in listed companies in addition to macroeconomic variables, the present study seeks to investigate and explain ethical risks and inappropriate choices in the capital market and the role of ethics in reducing it. This research is qualitative / quantitative. A number of stock exchange experts have been selected as sample respondents to the interview questions, and among the issues that determine the direction of this research and interview questions, the literature on selected macroeconomic variables, financial constraints and its effect on returns and capital structure and actors. Companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. To analyze the opinions of experts, first from the grounded theory method to identify indicators, from the fuzzy Delphi method and structural equations to evaluate selected macroeconomic variables, financial constraints and its effect on return and capital structure and capital companies and activists listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange The fuzzy dimtel method was used to prioritize the indicators and monitor the factors, and the structural equations were used to examine the relationships between the variables. In the research, we also intend to show that following ethical principles and developing ethical guidelines and creating a culture for the governance of ethical values can be very effective in reducing the risks of financial markets and creating transparency, reducing the cost of supervision and enforcing laws. Also guarantee. Findings showed that financial constraints affect the severity of the impact of economic output gap on capital structure, stock returns, company size and moral hazard on stock returns. Manuscript profile

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133 - Application of Allameh Tabatabai and Allameh Mesbah Yazdi's views on the origin of obligation and moral value
seyed morteza hoseini motlagh Mehdi Imani Moghaddam

The general philosophers of Muslim ethics, in accordance with the application and permanence of Islamic law and the eternal authority of the tradition of the Infallibles (pbuh) and also in accordance with rational reasoning and stability of human nature and despite the More

The general philosophers of Muslim ethics, in accordance with the application and permanence of Islamic law and the eternal authority of the tradition of the Infallibles (pbuh) and also in accordance with rational reasoning and stability of human nature and despite the difference in the method of explanation, consider the criteria for values and They have become moral norms. Two great philosophers of Shiite ethics in the contemporary period, namely Allameh Tabatabai and Allameh Mesbah Yazdi, have theorized in their seemingly different explanation of moral realism and the application of moral criteria; The present article seeks to prove that these two explanations can be referred to a single explanation.Allameh Tabatabai (in the common interpretation of his theory) considers moral necessity as a matter of credit and considers the real and developmental necessity between the action of the active force and its objective effect, figuratively (meaning unity in meaning and difference in instance) to the resulting mental and sensual necessity. It has spread from the idea of a mental end, but Allameh Mesbah has reached the necessity of moral requirements due to the necessity of comparison to others. By considering the necessity of comparative necessity and referring it to the necessity of others, these two theories can be considered as different interpretations of a truth. The present research has explained this important point. Manuscript profile

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134 - Pathology of uplifting moral education in the first grade of high school and providing a favorable model
Mahnar Asadi Khanouki Ali mohebbi Najmeh Vakili

The purpose of this study is the pathology of uplifting moral education in the first year of high school and to provide a favorable model. The function of these crises is such that it has penetrated even into the dimensions of human existence and has transformed and tra More

The purpose of this study is the pathology of uplifting moral education in the first year of high school and to provide a favorable model. The function of these crises is such that it has penetrated even into the dimensions of human existence and has transformed and transformed him more and more every day. These crises and challenges have turned yesterday's values against today's values and yesterday's anomalies into today's norms. The purpose of the present study is basic theoretical research. The method of data analysis is such that using the available resources to take notes and by arranging the related sheets to each other in order of priority to the objectives of the research and analysis and study to provide a model of uplifting religious education has been. The results showed that the ultimate goal of uplifting moral education is to bring adolescents to a happy and lively life. Manuscript profile

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135 - Presenting of a Pattern of environmental citizenship behavior with an emphasis on moral sentiment in Manufacturing Industries of Mazandaran province
Javad Javad Amoozad Khalili Samereh Shojaei Mohammad Bagher Gorji

Increasing environmental problems and crises in the world on the one hand and understanding the long-term consequences of environmental issues in human life on the other hand, has led researchers to understand ways to avoid harming the environment and prevent from its d More

Increasing environmental problems and crises in the world on the one hand and understanding the long-term consequences of environmental issues in human life on the other hand, has led researchers to understand ways to avoid harming the environment and prevent from its destruction, be. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a model of environmental citizenship behavior with emphasis on moral emotions in the manufacturing industries of Mazandaran province. The research method was mixed and based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all administrative staff and managers of manufacturing industries in Mazandaran province, the number of which was equal to 10962 people, the sample size was estimated to be 371 people using Krejcie and Morgan table. After designing the researcher-made questionnaire, a total of 500 questionnaires were distributed electronically and in person among the statistical sample, which according to the number of completed questionnaires, the number of statistical samples of the research in the present study reached 371 people. Data analysis was performed using smart pls3 and spss 20 software. The results showed that the effect of moral emotions and its sub-dimensions (moral education and growth, moral qualities, moral self-awareness) on environmental citizenship behavior was confirmed. It seems that the relationship between moral emotions and their impact on environmental citizenship behavior is important and there is a significant relationship between them and the results of this study improve the perception of factors that create employee involvement in environmental citizenship behaviors. Manuscript profile

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136 - Concept of Ethos in Aristotle’s Theory of Tragedy and its Historical Reflection
Mohammad Hashemi Amir Maziyar

In Aristotle’s view, an ideal tragic hero must be neither a villain nor a virtuous man but a character who stands between these two extremes based on a conscious process of choice. In order to explain ethos, the study inquires about the roles of conscious ethical choice More

In Aristotle’s view, an ideal tragic hero must be neither a villain nor a virtuous man but a character who stands between these two extremes based on a conscious process of choice. In order to explain ethos, the study inquires about the roles of conscious ethical choice, external virtues, and the similarities between the hero and the addressee in the unity of action and hero in Aristotle’s view. Moreover, it asks about the basis upon which the historical reflection of this unity can be studied. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between Aristotle’s theory of tragedy and philosophy of ethics and its historical reflection relying on the relationship between act and moral character in his Poetics and the related sections in his other treatises. Here, the author demonstrates that action and hero in a tragedy together present some imitations of the essence and ethical nature of the world. The historical reflection of Aristotle’s ethical approach to tragedy can be studied based on the theories related to the principiality of ethics and the relationship between art and ethics. This qualitative study has been conducted following a descriptive-analytic method. Manuscript profile

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137 - Graded Introversion and Moral Motivation in the Philosophy of Action in Mullā Ṣadrā
Mehdi Zamani

Following a descriptive-analytic approach, the present study investigates Mullā Ṣadrā’s view of moral motivation. He has provided two types of explanation, quiddative and graded, for man’s source of motivation for doing acts in his works. In his quiddative explanation, More

Following a descriptive-analytic approach, the present study investigates Mullā Ṣadrā’s view of moral motivation. He has provided two types of explanation, quiddative and graded, for man’s source of motivation for doing acts in his works. In his quiddative explanation, in line with his preceding philosophers, he attributes motivation to the first loop of the origins of emanation of act, that is, cognition and imagination. However, in most cases, he believes that the main source of motivation is related to the second loop or desire. The desire emerging after perception (concept and judgement) and before free will (consensus and resolution) motivates the doer. Accordingly, the doer might perceive and affirm the goodness of the act but not feel enthusiastic about it. However, it is also possible that they do not put their mind to doing the act they feel enthusiastic about. Hence, a contingent relation develops among the three stages. Based on the ontological and graded explanation, there is a profoundly essential unity among perception, desire, and free will, which can be interpreted as “graded introversion”. Mullā Ṣadrā’s belief in three factors, including the flow of knowledge, desire, and free will all through existence; the single identity of the soul and the unity of potentials and acts, and the dual cognitive-motivational role of practical reason, are the reasons that can contribute to explaining this type of introversion in his approach. Manuscript profile

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138 - The Impact of Organizational Moral Values on Tax Obedience with Emphasis on the Mediating Role of Social Capital
jafar beikzad seyedhamed amiri

Taxation is important for governments in all countries to fund. But this should be done in a context that the role of components that are necessary for the consistency and sustainability of society, including respect for high human and moral values. In the meantime, the More

Taxation is important for governments in all countries to fund. But this should be done in a context that the role of components that are necessary for the consistency and sustainability of society, including respect for high human and moral values. In the meantime, the impact of moral values and social capital on the variable Is an interesting topic that has recently been explored in the field of behavioral finance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of moral values on tax compliance with the mediating role of social capital in the General Department of Taxation of Zanjan Province. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of method. The statistical population of this study is the staff of the General Department of Tax Affairs of Zanjan Province, whose number is 457 people. The statistical sample size was estimated to be 209 using the Cochran relation and was selected by stratified random sampling. Required data with 3 standard questionnaires; The Questionnaire of Ethical Values of the Organization (Namkung, 2010), the Questionnaire of Tax Obedience (Nia Research 1392-93) and the Questionnaire of Social Capital (Nahapit and Gushkal, 1998) were collected and based on structural equation modeling using SPss and PLS software The findings of the study showed a positive and significant effect of the moral values of the organization and social capital on tax compliance; At the same time, the mediating role of social capital in influencing moral values on tax compliance was confirmed. Manuscript profile

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139 - Ethical teachings in the poetry of the Samanid era
fariba arasteh Mohammad Saleh Amiri Maryam jafari

Samanids are the first Iranian dynasty after Islam that seriously tried to cultivate Persian poetry and literature. The most famous poets of this period are Rudaki, Shahid Balkhi, Daqiqi, Abu Shakur and Kasaei, Rabia, and Rabnjani. One of the most widely used themes in More

Samanids are the first Iranian dynasty after Islam that seriously tried to cultivate Persian poetry and literature. The most famous poets of this period are Rudaki, Shahid Balkhi, Daqiqi, Abu Shakur and Kasaei, Rabia, and Rabnjani. One of the most widely used themes in the literary works of the Samanid era is ethics and thematic topics that have received much attention in this period. Addressing the moral teachings in the poetry of this period can inform the audience about the people and their ethics in the Samanid period. Since no serious work has been done so far on the moral teachings of the poets of this age, most of whom are insane poets, this research seems necessary. From the present article, he has studied some topics such as justice, scholarship, wisdom, patience, forgiveness and forgiveness, liberalism and nature, etc. with a descriptive-analytical approach and has come to the conclusion that the poets of this era try to express the moral themes of the effort. They have considered this period of poverty as disgraceful. Instead of receiving gifts, loans are paid to the person in charge. Can be seen. Manuscript profile

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140 - The place of ethics in non-proliferation
goudarz beyrami Atefeh Amininia soudeh shamlou

Ensuring peace requires changing the way people view themselves and others. Based on this, we can assume that a world without nuclear weapons is exactly like the world in which man aspires to live. Many of us are convinced that the use of nuclear bombs. In Hiroshima and More

Ensuring peace requires changing the way people view themselves and others. Based on this, we can assume that a world without nuclear weapons is exactly like the world in which man aspires to live. Many of us are convinced that the use of nuclear bombs. In Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, there was a human catastrophe that will not be erased from the memory of history. The world today is a world of free nuclear weapons. In fact, the whole world has become a huge laboratory, and we have forgotten that we belong to a common human family, and how is it that despite the fact that 90% of the world's population is in favor of the complete elimination of weapons? There are still 13 nuclear weapons industries still operating. This article seeks to answer this question with a descriptive-analytical method. Does ethics have an effect on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons or not? The results of this study show that ethics along with contractual obligations can play an effective role in controlling nuclear disarmament. Manuscript profile

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141 - Presenting of a Pattern of environmental citizenship behavior with an emphasis on moral sentiment in Manufacturing Industries of Mazandaran province
Javad Javad Amoozad Khalili Samereh Shojaei Mohammad Bagher Gorji

Increasing environmental problems and crises in the world on the one hand and understanding the long-term consequences of environmental issues in human life on the other hand, has led researchers to understand ways to avoid harming the environment and prevent from its d More

Increasing environmental problems and crises in the world on the one hand and understanding the long-term consequences of environmental issues in human life on the other hand, has led researchers to understand ways to avoid harming the environment and prevent from its destruction, be. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a model of environmental citizenship behavior with emphasis on moral emotions in the manufacturing industries of Mazandaran province. The research method was mixed and based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all administrative staff and managers of manufacturing industries in Mazandaran province, the number of which was equal to 10962 people, the sample size was estimated to be 371 people using Krejcie and Morgan table. After designing the researcher-made questionnaire, a total of 500 questionnaires were distributed electronically and in person among the statistical sample, which according to the number of completed questionnaires, the number of statistical samples of the research in the present study reached 371 people. Data analysis was performed using smart pls3 and spss 20 software. The results showed that the effect of moral emotions and its sub-dimensions (moral education and growth, moral qualities, moral self-awareness) on environmental citizenship behavior was confirmed. It seems that the relationship between moral emotions and their impact on environmental citizenship behavior is important and there is a significant relationship between them and the results of this study improve the perception of factors that create employee involvement in environmental citizenship behaviors. Manuscript profile

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142 - The effect of moral fields on knowledge from the perspective of the Qur'an Emphasizing Allameh Tabatabai's point of view
Abouzar Rajabi Ali Karbalaie Pazouki

What is the relationship between the cognitive field and the moral field? Some philosophers believe that morality and moral values should not be involved in the acquisition of knowledge and belief. Feelings and emotions, morality and ethics should be dominated by reason More

What is the relationship between the cognitive field and the moral field? Some philosophers believe that morality and moral values should not be involved in the acquisition of knowledge and belief. Feelings and emotions, morality and ethics should be dominated by reason, not they interfere in the realm of beliefs (separation of knowledge from value). In contrast, another spectrum of philosophers emphasizes the influence of ethics on knowledge and rational belief. Due to the differences of views on the impact of moral behavior on cognitive and non-cognitive origins such as emotions and factors such as heredity, social environment, etc., as well as human cognitions of moral virtues and vices, this study is descriptive And the analysis of the text seeks to examine the relationship and effect of sensual and moral attributes on epistemological issues from the Qur'anic point of view of Allameh Tabatabai. According to him, by acquiring moral virtues, the ground for the formation of true belief can be provided. Moral vices can interfere with preventing the attainment of true knowledge or belief. Manuscript profile

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143 - Ethical examples of socializing the famous in the relationship between spouses and their role in strengthening the family from the perspective of the Holy Quran
Enayat sharifi

In the Holy Qur'an, the most basic principle in behaviour and interaction between couples is mentioned as " Consorting with them in an honourable and right manner". In other words, the Holy Qur'an mentions the criterion of association with one's spouse as the " Maruf" p More

In the Holy Qur'an, the most basic principle in behaviour and interaction between couples is mentioned as " Consorting with them in an honourable and right manner". In other words, the Holy Qur'an mentions the criterion of association with one's spouse as the " Maruf" principle. The Qur'anic phrase , in the relations between couples has a wide meaning and many examples, which in a general division is divided into two parts, examples with a jurisprudential nature and examples with a moral nature. The present study intends to examine the functions and role of this Quartic phrase according to its moral nature in the relationship between couples. The moral instances of " Consorting with them in an honourable and right manner " are generally divided into common instances between the couple and specific instances of each. Love, patience and mutual support of couples to each other are the most important moral examples of this rule. Love is a factor that prevents the collapse of the family and the tolerance and mutual support of couples to each other is a factor to create intimacy and peace between couples, which therefore play a key role in family stability. In this regard, benevolence, counselling and caring for the wife are considered moral examples specific to the man, and obedience, humility and protection of the husband's secrets and property in his absence are specific examples for the woman under this rule. Manuscript profile

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144 - Patterns and methods of moral development in childhood from the perspective of Nahj al-Balaghah
Jafar Shahbazi Seyed Nader Mohammadzadeh Gholam Hossein Entesar Foumani

The extent of morality and the expression of rational behavior in the teachings of Nahj al-Balaghah is undeniable. This article has an analytical and descriptive approach with the aim of examining the pattern of moral development in childhood among the teachings of Nahj More

The extent of morality and the expression of rational behavior in the teachings of Nahj al-Balaghah is undeniable. This article has an analytical and descriptive approach with the aim of examining the pattern of moral development in childhood among the teachings of Nahj al-Balaghah. Morality is the most basic and important thing that happens in individual and social life, and it undoubtedly colors and gives direction to everything in life. Imam Ali (AS) The only thing he believes in is to stand on it and be prejudiced and not deviate from it is morality. For creatures that are in the process of change, evolution, growth and evolution, there is usually a good season in which they reach their best and most suitable growth and the expected effects of them are manifested. Childhood, when the child still has a pure heavenly heart. The principle of "love and respect" as a basis for communication with children, just as the principle of "model method" along with love has never been neglected. The principles of "reminder", "moderation" and "encouragement", "learning lessons" and "practical training" are other principles of methods of moral development in the life of Imam Ali (as). Manuscript profile

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145 - The key components of Islamic branding for entry in to international markets in small and medium business enterprises food indust
Seyedeh Fattaneh Moghimi seyyed mahmoud shabgoo monsef kambiz shahroodi narges delafrooz

The purpose of this research is Identify and explain the key components Islamic branding model for entering international markets in small and medium businesses the Food industry.In terms of the purpose of the research ,it is of the applied type and in terms of the meth More

The purpose of this research is Identify and explain the key components Islamic branding model for entering international markets in small and medium businesses the Food industry.In terms of the purpose of the research ,it is of the applied type and in terms of the method of conducting the research , it is a combination that has been done successively in two parts, qualitative and quantitative.First, in the qualitative section , in order to achive the objectives of the research, using semi-structured indepth interviews with 14 experts, specialists and professors in the fild of branding, Islamic branding and marketing, who have been selected by the snow ball method and with using open and central coding of Islamic branding components, including three main components(views and approaches, weaknesses and threat,strengths and opportunities),fifteen sub-components and fifty-one indicators of Islamic were identifie and classified.Then, in a quantitative step, the survey questionnairc was descriptive research method and using cluster sampling method and through the researcher-made questionnaire tool, the opinion of managers and marketing experts in small and medium businesses the Food industry in the country which according to the information obtained from the Ministry of Mining Industry and Trade, 8618 companies are operating, has been collected. The sample size was 364 using cochran’s formula, which was selected by cluster sampling from the statistical population. For quantitative data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and sample T-test Amos software were used.The research findings of the quantitative section indicate that the component of views and approaches had the highest rank among the main components, the conceptual approach is the most important among the views and approaches, the most important strength and apportunity of Islamic teachings, the most important weakness and threat of investment risk. Manuscript profile

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146 - Study procedure Tolerance of thoughts and behavior Based on Islamic teachings
mohammad saeeid shafiei shirin shafiei

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147 - رویکرد شخص‌گرا به تربیت اخلاقی و اهداف آن
nasrin chire

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148 - بررسی انتقادی مدل تربیت اخلاقی تلفیقی مبتنی بر ایده «خبرگی اخلاقی»
Fatemeh Vojdani

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149 - A Preventive Model of Utilitarian Moral Education with Emphasis on Undesirable Conducts in Mill’s viewpoint
shahnaz shahriari neisiani Reza Ali Nowrozi Mohammad Meshkat

The purpose of this research is to formulate a preventive model of the utilitarian moral education with emphasis on undesirable conducts in Mill’s viewpoint. The method used is the “descriptive-analytical” method. Undesirable conducts include wrong conducts (violating More

The purpose of this research is to formulate a preventive model of the utilitarian moral education with emphasis on undesirable conducts in Mill’s viewpoint. The method used is the “descriptive-analytical” method. Undesirable conducts include wrong conducts (violating rights and comfort of others), and unpleasant conducts, the existence of which can be explained with fails in duties. The goal of moral education is happiness, and moral education includes dimensions of prevention and punishment. Punishments appear in the following forms: reprobation for violating the rights and disturbing the comfort, and losing the positive attention of others because of the behaviors lacking personal dignity. By prevention, we mean primary prevention that is governed by the principles of justice and contemplation. The governance of justice is related to the conducts violating the rights, but governance of the principle of contemplation is in preventing wrong conducts, and in meanings of “care of soul” and care of reasons. In unpleasant conducts, the ruling principle is the contemplation with aforementioned meanings. These findings support Mill’s belief that "the main foundations of moral life in the new age are justice and contemplation." Prevention strategies referring to the two types of undesirable conducts are strengthening conscience and giving insights. The linkage of strategies to principles is presented in the preventive model. According to the findings on prevention, considering reasonable punishment for wrong conducts and paying attention to justice and contemplation in explaining undesirable conducts is a positive aspect of Mill's perspectiv. However, his views on unpleasant conducts have been criticized, because interventions and punishments considered for these conducts lack the necessary performance for guaranteeing the prevention of self-harm and reforming the holders of unpleasant conducts. Also his opinion about people's owing to one another lacks the strong executive support for action in relation to the holders of these conducts. Removing these weaknesses requires a revision of Mill's harm principle and correcting and reconsructing some of his beliefs. Manuscript profile

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150 - The status of massive open online courses (MOOCs) in breeding students' moral responsibility with an emphasis on actor- network philosophical theory
saeed zarghami hamrah

The goal of this research is investigate the position of MOOCs in breeding students' moral responsibility with an emphasis on actor- network theory. The present research is philosophical and conceptual and linguistic analysis and transgressive logical analysis. Document More

The goal of this research is investigate the position of MOOCs in breeding students' moral responsibility with an emphasis on actor- network theory. The present research is philosophical and conceptual and linguistic analysis and transgressive logical analysis. Documents analyzed included views of experts, books, background studies and related research in the field. Findings of the research showed; based on the theory of actor- network and the simultaneous function of man and technology and their interactions between each other, MOOCs is not a neutral tool and can has a dual position is constructive and unconstructive in breeding students' moral responsibility. On the one hand, through changing the role of the teacher and the student, the application of interactive approaches in teaching, the development of specific competencies and the development of educational justice have provided a basis for breeding responsibility. On the contrary, due to the non-presence, unconditional acceptance of all applicants, crowded classrooms, the existence of false identities and the possibility of unknowing learners have reduced student responsibility. Based on the theory of actor network and the intermediate, symmetric and network look at humans and artifacts, it can be concluded the technology of MOOCs through changing the nature, interests and intentions of the actors provides background for training their moral responsibility or irresponsible. But this lackage can be filled by interacting with the learning environment and using more than multimedia technologies. Manuscript profile

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151 - The methodological critique of Narvaez's integrated approach to moral education
abolfazl ghaffari Bakhtiar Shabani Varaki

The main purpose of this research is to explore the methodological critique of Narvaez's integrated approach to moral education. For this purpose, First, based on a certain pattern of methodological requirements, the integration of strategies was considered. Then base More

The main purpose of this research is to explore the methodological critique of Narvaez's integrated approach to moral education. For this purpose, First, based on a certain pattern of methodological requirements, the integration of strategies was considered. Then based on this pattern, goal, the process of choosing the approaches to the origin, the level and type of integration, structure and meanings of the terms used in the Narvaez approach and the approaches of the source; and the existence Or the lack of meta-language in the Narvaez approach has been evaluated and criticized. The results indicate that, since the structure of the source approaches is intrinsically contradictory, and Narvaez did not attempt to discover or fabricate a meta-language or a common language, only the terms of the two approaches are placed horizontally or horizontally. it seems that, unlike his pleadings, In practice, the combination has not been made. In addition, the study of the content and meanings of the terms used in Narvaez's perspective and the approaches to the source show that these terms actually provided the same approach of character education or, At least, presented another version of the approach of character education. Thus, in terms of structure, the combination provided by Narvaez is challenged with serious challenge and is eclecticism. Manuscript profile

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152 - The Model of Deontological Moral Education with Emphasis on Undesirable Behaviors in Kant's View (the Preventive Model)
shahnaz shahriari neisiani Reza Ali Nowrozi

This study aims to develop a preventive model of deontological moral education with an emphasis on undesirable behaviors in Kant's view. The methods used are descriptive-analytical and inferential methods based on Frankena's reconstructed model. According to the results More

This study aims to develop a preventive model of deontological moral education with an emphasis on undesirable behaviors in Kant's view. The methods used are descriptive-analytical and inferential methods based on Frankena's reconstructed model. According to the results, regarding the two categories of virtue tasks in Kant's view, namely, one's perfect duties towards himself/herself and imperfect duties (one's imperfect duties towards oneself and duties of virtue towards others), three types of undesirable behavior were identified in this view: behaviors violating one's perfect duties towards oneself, behaviors violating one's imperfect duties towards others, and abandonment of virtue that would lead to vice. Prevention as a dimension of moral education in the expanse of undesirable behaviors in Kant's system of moral education also has its principles and particular strategies. In such a manner that the two principles of respect for one's dignity and respect for the dignity of others, which are derived from the principles of rationality and the end of being human in one's self, constitute the principles governing strategies to prevent the initial emergence of undesirable behaviors. These strategies, which are educational strategies, for all three types of undesirable behavior, consisting of the two main strategies of forming a good character and caring for and reinforcing the character, which plays an important role in achieving Kant's goal of moral education, which is to have maximum moral virtue. Also, the connection of these strategies with the fundamentals and principles in the preventive model are specified. Manuscript profile

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153 - A Critique of the Goals of the Domain of Religious and Moral Education Approved by the Supreme Council of Education
Mohammad hassani

The purpose of this study is to critique the goals of the domain of religious and moral education approved by the Supreme Council of Education. The criticism has been launched in the dimensions of the foundations and the methods for reaching the goals. The findings of t More

The purpose of this study is to critique the goals of the domain of religious and moral education approved by the Supreme Council of Education. The criticism has been launched in the dimensions of the foundations and the methods for reaching the goals. The findings of this study show that the philosophical foundations of these goals are the theory of religious good and evil or the theory of divine command which is in conflict with the pre-religious ethics, the signs and evidence of which exist in the Islamic religious sources, and the relevant theoretical views are contained in the theoretical foundations of the document of The Fundamental Change. Also, these goals lead to a moral education emcompassed in the religious education while this type of moral education will not be effective in today's conditions. Manuscript profile

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154 - بررسی احساس امنیت گردشگران مذهبی در اماکن فراغتی (مورد مطالعه : شهر مشهد)

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155 - Civil liability and moral responsibility of governments in proportion to the exercise of their executive role
SEYEDAMIR ALEMOHAMMAD ali akbar gorji

The role of the state in political society is the most important discussion of political philosophy about the state. However, whether we consider the origin of the state as a contract or the state as a natural phenomenon, the mission we ascribe to it can be raised to so More

The role of the state in political society is the most important discussion of political philosophy about the state. However, whether we consider the origin of the state as a contract or the state as a natural phenomenon, the mission we ascribe to it can be raised to some extent independently of the discussion of its origin. Theories related to the role of government can be divided into two main groups. The first group, which considers the limited intervention of the government in society, includes the school of liberalism and its different tendencies and perceptions. In this group, the role of the government is basically negative and deterrent, and government intervention in citizens' rights has an exceptional aspect that must be justified based on the basic concepts of freedom, justice and equality. It is the government. In these theories, the starting point of the discussion is society and the individual is considered a subject of society. However, in this group, too, there is a lot of respect for freedom. However, the provision of freedom is not possible except in the shadow of justice (especially distributive justice) and equality. The most prominent representative of this group is the school of socialism, which is very common in the political systems of Europe today. These roles of governments from a moral point of view have significantly affected the fate of individuals and economic actors and have sometimes caused great damage to them. Accordingly, it is necessary to examine the nature of the policies of these two groups in terms of being in the category of governance or enterprise, from a moral perspective, to examine the possibility of compensation and the basis of this compensation. Manuscript profile

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156 - Designing a model for creating a company's value set, taking into account the customer's ethical value and social ethical value
Keyvan Mohbed Hashem NikouMaram Karim Hamdi

The overall purpose of this study is to provide a model for creating a set of company value, customer ethical value and social ethical value with a positive marketing approach. Data is in the category of exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) research and is done in two More

The overall purpose of this study is to provide a model for creating a set of company value, customer ethical value and social ethical value with a positive marketing approach. Data is in the category of exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) research and is done in two phases. In the first phase, using the opinion of 15 experts and relying on study sources, the model framework was presented and validated. The statistical community in the second phase is the group of customers of entrepreneurial insurance services. In order to collect information and analyze the data, in the qualitative phase, the method based on data theory was used and in the quantitative phase, the method of structural equation modeling was used. Likert spectra were used. According to the results in the first and second part, social marketing has the greatest impact and role on positive marketing and positive marketing has the greatest impact and role on the value of the company. Manuscript profile

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157 - Ethical components of providing a model to motivate and increase the culture of buying domestic products (Case Study: Electrical Appliances)
Saloumeh Nouri seyed mahdi moafi madani Yadollah khodaverdi

Today, creating an ethical environment and promoting human values is one of the most important tasks of organizations, and observing ethics in the business world reduces tensions, increases productivity and creates competitive advantages for the organization.The main pu More

Today, creating an ethical environment and promoting human values is one of the most important tasks of organizations, and observing ethics in the business world reduces tensions, increases productivity and creates competitive advantages for the organization.The main purpose of this study is to present a model for encouraging fellow countrymen to buy domestically made goods by considering ethical components.In the first stage, through the snowball technique, 10 experts were identified for interview. After conducting the interview and coding, the main components along with the subsets were identified, and finally, after Screening was performed and reuse of experts. The main variables of the model were identified. 2 main subsets were obtained for the model, including 1- Advantages and positive factors 2. Obstacles and limitations, d for the first factor 10 variables including promotion and distribution - Perceived value of the product Strategies - Platform - Cost of the product for the customer - Familiarity and trust in the product - Support and after-sales service - Patriotism - Appropriate quality - Product diversity and for the second factor 6 variables including consequences - Brand Absence of goods - Interfering conditions - Axis phenomenon - Perceived risk of the product - Causal conditions were identified, finally the conceptual model of the research was presented using grounded theory method and Max QDE software. Manuscript profile

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158 - Investigating the impact of ethical leadership dimensions on organizational commitment in the General Post Office of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces
Mohsen Abcher Mahmoud Abidpour

This research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of ethical leadership dimensions on the organizational commitment of employees in the General Post Office of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces and the post office of Yasuj city. The research me More

This research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of ethical leadership dimensions on the organizational commitment of employees in the General Post Office of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces and the post office of Yasuj city. The research method is descriptive and correlational, and the library method was used to develop the theoretical framework of the research. The statistical population of this research is the employees of the General Post Office of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces and the postal districts of Yasuja, which number 430 people. The sample size of 203 people was determined, and 191 questionnaires were analyzed among the distributed questionnaires. In this research, Allen and Mayer's standard organizational commitment questionnaire and researcher-made moral leadership questionnaire were used. The reliability of the ethical leadership questionnaire was calculated as 0.811 and its content validity was also confirmed. The results of the descriptive analysis of the data state that the organizational commitment index and its dimensions, as well as the ethical leadership index and its dimensions among the employees of the General Post Office of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces and the 4 post districts of Yasuj city are above average. The results of the inferential analysis and the test of research hypotheses state that there is a direct and meaningful relationship between ethical leadership (ethical person dimension, ethical manager dimension) and organizational commitment (emotional and normative). Although the mentioned correlations are not strong, the results of the regression models predict well the amount of organizational commitment changes (emotional and normative) by the ethical leadership variable (ethical person dimension, ethical manager dimension). Although there was no relationship between ethical leadership (the ethical person dimension, the ethical manager dimension) and organizational commitment (continuous), the results of the present research have a good overlap with the results of other researches in the field of ethical leadership and the effectiveness of organizational commitment. The effect of contextual variables including gender, education, age, history of activity and field of activity on the attitude towards ethical leadership and organizational commitment indicators was not confirmed. Manuscript profile

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159 - An explanation of validation in Islamic thought: ethical jurisprudence
tahereh pournemati shams abad Maryam shahrivar

With the advancement of technology and the need for new systems and institutions, legislators need to legislate in accordance with the needs of the day, to legislate on the use of these technologies to reduce the abuse of this technology as much as possible. One of the More

With the advancement of technology and the need for new systems and institutions, legislators need to legislate in accordance with the needs of the day, to legislate on the use of these technologies to reduce the abuse of this technology as much as possible. One of the issues facing the world is economic corruption. Corruption such as money laundering, which requires legal action and solutions. Countries have resorted to civic accreditation to combat moral corruption and reduce legal conflicts. In Iran, the scheme is still not legal, and financial and credit institutions and banks are required to provide credit to their customers, which is not limited to finance and has a wide range of issues. The subject of this research is the place and role of civic validation in ethical rules. Ethics provides us with guidelines for a valuable and transcendent life. It lies in human beings and in order for human beings to reach their worthy perfection, they must also flourish this aspect of existence; And this perfection is possible by practicing a set of moral rules; In all societies and eras, individuals have regulated their relationships within the framework of rules and regulations that have been the basis of these ethical rules. Morality speaks of goodness and ugliness or merit and indecency. The present study will examine the place of validation in ethical rules and what effect they will have on each other. Manuscript profile

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160 - Ethical Approaches in Determining Blood Money and Arsh based on Medical Priorities
Narges Dehghani Mohammad Rasoul Ahangaran Maryam Naghdi Dorobati Karim Salehi

Determining the blood money and Arsh in terms of the type and rate of crimes and their complications is one of the common duties of forensic medicine and the judicial system. Therefore, the forensic physicians’ opinions by observing the principles of medical science an More

Determining the blood money and Arsh in terms of the type and rate of crimes and their complications is one of the common duties of forensic medicine and the judicial system. Therefore, the forensic physicians’ opinions by observing the principles of medical science and adhering to the ethical approaches related to medicine and law fields can be an opening way to better implement of justice and realize the material, spiritual and moral rights of the victim . The present study, with a descriptive-analytical method and with the aim of investigating the contradictory cases of determining blood money based on medical science and observing ethical standards, first expressed the relationship between ethics and jurisprudence, law and forensic medicine and then analyzed the examples of these contradictory cases. As a result, it is necessary to revise the laws related to blood money by crossing the channel of the requirements of the time and taking into account the approaches of modern science and observing spiritual and moral principles in order to compensate material and spiritual damages caused by physical and mental injuries. Manuscript profile

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161 - Master Sobhani and the Ash'arites' views on normative ethics and its limits
Maryam Hatami Hossein Abadi noushin abdi savojiyan Enshaallah Rahmati

Ethics discusses the great importance of man and proving the continuity of its principles is one of the branches of the issue of admiration and denunciation. The totality and continuity of the principles of ethics does not change with the change of requirements, habits, More

Ethics discusses the great importance of man and proving the continuity of its principles is one of the branches of the issue of admiration and denunciation. The totality and continuity of the principles of ethics does not change with the change of requirements, habits, imitation. The issues of admiration and denunciation are also practical and fundamental issues of ethics, and the differences between the readings and perceptions of good and evil in ethics have created conflicting views. This article uses descriptive-analytical method and using library sources while considering the theoretical foundations of Ash'arites and Master Sobhani about good and bad and its effectiveness to the schools of normative ethics. Ash'arite epistemology regarding the goodness and ugliness of the Shari'a has had several consequences, such as belief in acquisition and obedience instead of creation and production, Ilam, permission to change and not to do it, permission to do so and not to do it, discrimination between human beings in this world and the hereafter, prophecy And infallibility, sending the messenger and its absence, conquest, divine favor to all or some of the servants, even immorality and infidels.On the other hand, Master Sobhani, by pursuing the theory of moral nature and relying on its inherent goodness and ugliness, begins his moral theory with a discussion of normative ethics and generally seeks a military explanation of the rules and principles governing moral actions. Manuscript profile

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162 - The effect of ethical leadership on organizational commitment in the General Department of Education of Kurdistan Province
Mahnaz Golbaghian Zainab i Karim Hajipour Amina

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of ethical leadership dimensions on the organizational commitment of employees in the General Department of Education of Kurdistan province. The research method is descriptive and correlational, and th More

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of ethical leadership dimensions on the organizational commitment of employees in the General Department of Education of Kurdistan province. The research method is descriptive and correlational, and the library method was used to develop the theoretical framework of the research. The statistical population of this research is the employees of the General Department of Education of Kurdistan province and the education districts of Sanandaj city, whose number is 430 people. The sample size of 203 people was determined, and 191 questionnaires were analyzed among the distributed questionnaires. In this research, Allen and Mayer's standard organizational commitment questionnaire and researcher-made ethical leadership questionnaire were used. The reliability of the ethical leadership questionnaire was calculated as 0.811 and its content validity was also confirmed. The results of the descriptive analysis of the data state that the organizational commitment index and its dimensions, as well as the moral leadership index and its dimensions among the employees of the General Department of Education of Kurdistan province and the education districts of Sanandaj city are at the upper average level. The results of the inferential analysis and the test of research hypotheses state that there is a direct and meaningful relationship between ethical leadership (ethical person dimension, ethical manager dimension) and organizational commitment (emotional and normative). Although the mentioned correlations are not strong, the results of the regression models predict well the amount of changes in organizational commitment (emotional and normative) by the ethical leadership variable (ethical person dimension, ethical manager dimension). Manuscript profile

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163 - Investigating and identifying the organizational commitment to ethical leadership in the General Department of Education of Dana region
Behnam Azadeh

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating and identifying the organizational commitment to ethical leadership in the General Department of Education of Dana region. The research method is descriptive and correlational, and the library method was used to More

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating and identifying the organizational commitment to ethical leadership in the General Department of Education of Dana region. The research method is descriptive and correlational, and the library method was used to develop the theoretical framework of the research. The statistical population of this research is the employees of the General Department of Education of Dana region, whose number is 430. The sample size of 203 people was determined, and 191 questionnaires were analyzed among the distributed questionnaires. In this research, Allen and Mayer's standard organizational commitment questionnaire and researcher-made ethical leadership questionnaire were used. The reliability of the ethical leadership questionnaire was calculated as 0.811 and its content validity was also confirmed. The results of the descriptive analysis of the data state that the organizational commitment index and its dimensions, as well as the moral leadership index and its dimensions among the employees of the General Department of Education of Dana region are above average. The results of the inferential analysis and the test of research hypotheses state that there is a direct and meaningful relationship between organizational commitment (emotional and normative) and ethical leadership (ethical person dimension, ethical manager dimension). Although the mentioned correlations are not strong, the results of the regression models predict well the amount of changes in organizational commitment (emotional and normative) by the ethical leadership variable (ethical person dimension, ethical manager dimension). Manuscript profile

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164 - Investigation and Critique of the Anthropological Foundations and Principles of Personalistic moral Education
Edris Eslami

The purpose of this article is to investigate and criticize the anthropological foundations and principles of personalistic moral education. To this end, methods of practical analogy and internal criticism have been used; using the first method, the anthropological prin More

The purpose of this article is to investigate and criticize the anthropological foundations and principles of personalistic moral education. To this end, methods of practical analogy and internal criticism have been used; using the first method, the anthropological principles of personalistic moral education and relying on the second method, the serious challenges of the anthropological foundations of personalism and principles of moral education based on it have been discovered. The findings suggest that based on the anthropological foundations of personalism, principles of moral education such as doing moral activity, encouraging decision making, community formation and personhood education can be achieved. In addition, serious challenges of this approach to moral education are internal inconsistency in the concept of freedom, idealism and incompatibility with contemporary world conditions in the concept of community and extreme privatization and not paying attention to the moral pattern. Manuscript profile

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165 - Examining the moral and intellectual characteristics of the perfect man in the works of certain Attar
Shahrokh Hekmat

The search for the perfect man and following him has always been the human aspiration throughout history. Attar always thinks of human perfection by establishing divine prophets and believes that access to the world of science, knowledge and truth is possible only by ar More

The search for the perfect man and following him has always been the human aspiration throughout history. Attar always thinks of human perfection by establishing divine prophets and believes that access to the world of science, knowledge and truth is possible only by arresting a perfect human being. Attar, a famous poet of the seventh century, is a heartbroken old man who, with divine loves to walk the path of truth, has lit the light of the Shari'a and placed it in the way of the Taliban of truth, to seek the seven valleys of mysticism from desire to poverty and destruction. Go home. He always thinks of human perfection and in all his works he raises the issue of a perfect human being. Sheikh Attar is a great poet and mystic who has both theoretical and practical mysticism and has established a connection between them and has expressed many moral points carefully, which may have acted as a moral teacher in his works in this regard. Is. Using the method of allegory, he has been able to reveal both mystical issues and moral points derived from Quranic culture and religious orders. This article intends to express Attar Neyshabouri's attitude and thought about the moral and intellectual characteristics of a perfect human being and how to go through the stages of perfection in Attar's certain works through a descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile

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166 - Functions of practical reason and explaining the principles of moral practice from the perspective of Allameh Tabatabai
Nasibeh Nikpoor Narges Keshti Arai Seyed Hossein vaezi

The aim of this study was to investigate the function of practical reason from the perspective of Allameh Tabatabai and to formulate the principles of moral practice based on it, using a descriptive-analytical method of qualitative content analysis. He considers theoret More

The aim of this study was to investigate the function of practical reason from the perspective of Allameh Tabatabai and to formulate the principles of moral practice based on it, using a descriptive-analytical method of qualitative content analysis. He considers theoretical intellect as having the function of true perception, distinguishing right from wrong, and the function of practical intellect as credit perception and distinguishing good from evil, and issues rulings related to voluntary actions. In this regard, the research findings indicate that practical intellect has three functions of perception (science), recognition of should and should not, is the ruling to perform action. In the field of perception (science), practical intellect operates with divine inspiration and the construction of credit perception. In the part of discernment, in order to achieve moral goodness, one should use the healthy nature and the divine law, which is the guardian religion, and in the function of the ruling to perform an action, practical intellect with the help of active force and during the stages of need, create inner feeling. Credit perception, giving the relation must (necessity), enthusiasm, will, command to do the action, and finally, by doing the action, pleasure is achieved for human beings. It is a moral act that seeks the pleasure of the hereafter, not the worldly. Manuscript profile

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167 - The Impact of Organizational Moral Values on Tax Obedience with Emphasis on the Mediating Role of Social Capital
جعفر بیک زاد سیدحامد امیری

Tax taking is important for governments in all countries for funding. But this issue should be done in a context that the role of components that are necessary for the consistency and sustainability of society, including respect for high human and moral values. In the m More

Tax taking is important for governments in all countries for funding. But this issue should be done in a context that the role of components that are necessary for the consistency and sustainability of society, including respect for high human and moral values. In the meantime, the impact of moral values and social capital on the variable is an interesting issue that has recently been investigated in the field of behavioral finance. This paper investigated the effect of moral values on tax compliance with the mediating role of social capital in the General Department of Taxation of Zanjan Province. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of method. The statistical population of this study is the staff of the General Department of Tax Affairs of Zanjan Province, whose number is 457 people. The statistical sample size was estimated to be 209 using the Cochran relation and was selected by stratified random sampling. Required data with 3 standard questionnaires; The Questionnaire of Ethical Values of the Organization (Namkung, 2010), the Questionnaire of Tax Obedience (Pazhuhesh Nia1392-93) and the Questionnaire of Social Capital (Nahapit and Gushkal, 1998) were collected and based on structural equation modeling using SPss and PLS software. The findings showed a positive and significant effect of the organization's moral values and social capital on tax compliance; in addition, the mediating role of social capital in influencing moral values on tax compliance was confirmed. Manuscript profile

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168 - پدیده دوستی در محل کار و شدت اخلاقی کارکنان در شرکت های داروسازی
mojtaba farrokhi

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of friendship in the workplace on moral intensity. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of month. The statistical population of these researchers and More

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of friendship in the workplace on moral intensity. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of month. The statistical population of these researchers and pharmaceutical companies in the city of Isfahan were 1850 people in 1401, of which 322 people were selected as a sample using the available sampling method. This research includes 7 hypotheses, for which a 24-question standard questionnaire was used. In this research, construct validity and validity were used to check the validity of the questionnaire, and Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. SPSS 22 and AMOS 22 software were used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The results of the hypotheses test showed that friendship at work has a significant effect on moral intensity with a value of 0.64. Friendship at work has a significant effect on importance with a value of 0.41. Friendship in the workplace with a value of 0.49 is on the agreement of social influence. friendship at work with a value of 0.41 over proximity; friendship at work with a value of 0.37 on the effect; Friendship at work with a value of 0.46 has a significant effect on time urgency and friendship at work with a value . Manuscript profile

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169 - Explaining the moral value view of complementary and secondary punishments
Zakiye Ebrahimzadeh Ahmad Bagheri Esmaiel Rahimi Nejad

Moral values are those behaviors that play a role in the development of pure human nature. It is clear that the constitution of Islam, which is derived from the revelation, has the best position to achieve this goal. Matching moral values with inappropriate human behavi More

Moral values are those behaviors that play a role in the development of pure human nature. It is clear that the constitution of Islam, which is derived from the revelation, has the best position to achieve this goal. Matching moral values with inappropriate human behaviors; That is, crime and punishment is the subject of this article, which the author tried to present the solutions for the realization of moral values in secondary and supplementary punishment by examining the goals of punishment and the principles governing punishment. The result of this article is that in Islam, according to the expedients it considers, in addition to the main punishment, supplementary and secondary punishments are considered to punish the criminal, and these punishments are subordinate to the main punishments. are considered The difference between these two types of punishment is that in supplementary punishment, the judge is free to apply them, while in secondary punishment, he has no authority and the punishment is specified in the court order. This article seeks to answer the question of what is the basis of moral values in supplementary and consequential punishments with analytical-ijtihad method and using library sources. Considering the goals of punishment in Islam and Quranic documents, Sunnah, the general evidence of punishment and the general principles governing punishment, it can be said that the realization of moral values in supplementary and secondary punishments is achieved when these general conditions such as "proportion of crime and punishment" , deterrence of punishment, compensation of loss, implementation of justice and human dignity" should be considered in the secondary and supplementary punishments. Manuscript profile

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170 - Examining the frequency of some ethical and legal challenges in the pharmacies of Rasht in 1400
seyyedeh kausar Mousavi Nesab Mohammad Taghi Ashubi Sohail Soltanipur zahra hesary Kourosh delpasand

The word ethics can be defined as the knowledge of good and evil. A person knows good and evil and, in simpler terms, good and bad .This is why ethics and moral dilemmas have always been one of the concerns of human societies. Pharmacists are one of the important and co More

The word ethics can be defined as the knowledge of good and evil. A person knows good and evil and, in simpler terms, good and bad .This is why ethics and moral dilemmas have always been one of the concerns of human societies. Pharmacists are one of the important and complementary links in the health system in the treatment of patients and they play an important and undeniable role in improving the health status of people in the society. Pharmacists working in pharmacies due to the commercial nature of pharmacies, having health resources and their distribution and because they are always available to patients, they experience many challenges and moral dilemmas daily, in this research, we have examined some of these challenges. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the spring of 1400 on 151 pharmacists working in Rasht pharmacies. The data collection tool is a two-part questionnaire including the first part: Collect demographic information of participants, And the second part: There were 13 ethical challenges. After collecting the information contained in the questionnaires, the data was analyzed using SPSS 22 software. The results of this research show that some ethical and legal challenges, including the financial inability of patients to pay for vital drugs, request for drugs outside the pharmacopoeia, Prescriptions containing drugs outside the pharmacopoeia, Allocation of essential drugs to a specific pharmacy, returning unused non-refrigerated medicine to the pharmacy, Prescribing a supplement by a doctor for a patient whose disease is not related to this product. Forced to cooperate with a non-pharmacist to establish a pharmacy. The request for abortion medicine and changing the brand of the prescribed medicine by the pharmacist was reported with a percentage of over 60% among the pharmacists working in Rasht pharmacies. In the last century, we have seen a significant growth of ethical issues in measuring health care. Therefore, pharmacists need to be more familiar with ethical issues, implement the best solutions and make ethical decisions in critical and necessary situations. Pharmacists' awareness of their moral and legal responsibilities will empower these health professionals and improve the services provided to patients and other service recipients in the pharmacy. Manuscript profile

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171 - Analysis of Ethical Principles of Disciplinary and Educational Responses to Juvenile Delinquency from the Perspective of Islamic Criminal Law
roh allah ebrahimi mohamad ali haji deh abadi ALIREZA HOSSINI

Ethical principles Disciplinary and educational responses to juvenile delinquency reflect the facts and rules that have a moral character and are used as a response to the crimes and violations of children and adolescents in order to maintain and promote their moral cha More

Ethical principles Disciplinary and educational responses to juvenile delinquency reflect the facts and rules that have a moral character and are used as a response to the crimes and violations of children and adolescents in order to maintain and promote their moral characteristics and legitimacy. The answers are in the light of observing these principles. The present article has examined the nature of these principles by descriptive-analytical method and based on reference to authoritative Islamic sources. The findings of the study indicate that in Islamic law, the ethical foundations of disciplinary and educational responses to juvenile delinquency are diverse in addition to persuasion. Engaging in the development of the child, correcting and rehabilitating, promoting and exalting the moral virtues of love-loving and justice-oriented are among the principles that are used to change the way of thinking and beliefs of children and adolescents and to reconstruct or create moral feelings and virtues. ¬ Restraint on moral behaviors based on religious and Islamic teachings are used and from this perspective help to restore public order and security. Manuscript profile

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172 - The role of moral principles in climate obligations from the perspective of international law
Reza Maleki Masoud Raee Dehghi

Despite the existence of a legal regime to deal with climate change in the current era, the various consequences of climate change are increasing rapidly and the most negative effects are on the poor and marginalized people around the world. Considering the ineffectiven More

Despite the existence of a legal regime to deal with climate change in the current era, the various consequences of climate change are increasing rapidly and the most negative effects are on the poor and marginalized people around the world. Considering the ineffectiveness of the government's legal responsibility institution in meeting climate commitments, what practical solutions can be considered to deal with this challenge? It seems that considering the uneven path of the legal system of international responsibility to deal with climate change, from the Structural Convention to Paris, it is possible to resort to the moral responsibility of governments by validating moral principles. In this article, with a descriptive and analytical method, after examining the legal regime of climate change and its challenges, ethical principles and its relationship with obligations related to climate change are discussed as a practical solution to deal with climate change. Manuscript profile

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173 - Investigating the impact of internet and satellite on the cultural and moral identity of students (case study: Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch, Noor Alibek Village)
Azam Nikokar Mozhgan Farzami Sepehr

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of internet and satellite on the cultural and moral identity of students living in Nur Ali Bey village, Saveh city, Central province. The research method was applied in terms of the goal and causal-com More

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of internet and satellite on the cultural and moral identity of students living in Nur Ali Bey village, Saveh city, Central province. The research method was applied in terms of the goal and causal-comparative in terms of the data collection method. The statistical population of the research consists of all the students of the Islamic Azad University of Saveh branch (N = 4000). This selection is for two reasons, firstly, the proximity of the Azad University of Saveh branch with Noor Ali Bey village, and on the other hand, a large number of students living in this village and There are neighboring villages. The sample size was estimated to be 380 people according to Cochran's formula, and stratified random sampling was used to select the sample. The data collection tool was Taheri's cultural identity questionnaire (2012) in the form of 30 items and alpha coefficient of 0.91 and Aquino and Reed's moral identity questionnaire (2002) in the form of 10 items and alpha coefficient of 0.75. K-S test and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the cultural and moral identity of students based on their use of internet and satellite. Manuscript profile

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174 - Freedom of will from view of Immanuel Kant and Mulla Sadra
Batoul Yarali Mohsenn Fahim mojtaba jafari

This essay in the field of philosofy of athics is a comparative research about freedom of will. According to Mullah Sadra, human actions are both voluntary and coercive. In his philosophy, the opposition of causal necessity to free will is one of the most important an More

This essay in the field of philosofy of athics is a comparative research about freedom of will. According to Mullah Sadra, human actions are both voluntary and coercive. In his philosophy, the opposition of causal necessity to free will is one of the most important and ambiguous issues. He proves the freedom of will through practical reason .He accepts a middle way in this case and calls his theory a theory of who are firmly grounded in knowledge. From this point of view, human actions are attributed to themselves on the one hand, and on the other hand, according to monotheism, actions are attributed to God. From Kant's point of view that free will is one of the fundamental foundations of his athics philosophy. He considers the desire for freedom to be inherent in human beings and man, as a rational being, has free will. According to Kant, the human will is a dependent will, but the will of God is a completely independent will. He considers theoretical reason incapable of proving the free will of man, but presupposes it in practical reason. Manuscript profile

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175 - Role of Moral Character in Responsibility in Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas
Rahim Nobahar Mansooreh Ghanbarian Banooee

Aristotle’s theory of moral responsibility, as a pioneer theory of ethics of virtue, presents a new approach to responsibility because of its particular attention to moral conduct. Aquinas, a follower of Aristotle, has provided a new interpretation of moral responsibili More

Aristotle’s theory of moral responsibility, as a pioneer theory of ethics of virtue, presents a new approach to responsibility because of its particular attention to moral conduct. Aquinas, a follower of Aristotle, has provided a new interpretation of moral responsibility with an emphasis on character and a focus on completely voluntary human acts and the role of apriori reflection on act. In the views of these two philosophers, moral agent is an agent who possesses knowledge, personality vice, and the ability to perform completely voluntary acts. Accordingly, children and animals are never subjected to moral evaluations because they lack such moral capacities and characters. Aristotle and Aquinas believe that the realm of moral agents, in addition to evil and virtuous people, includes restrained and non-restrained ones. Following a descriptive-analytic method, the present paper investigates the conditions under which the acts of moral agents are subjected to ethical evaluations in the views of Aristotle and Aquinas. Based on the findings of this study, those acts that become the subjects of moral responsibility must be done voluntarily based on the moral character of the agent as a non-accidental stimulus for act, even if they do not originate in deliberation and are not based on prior decision making. This is because sudden acts also originate in certain sources and function as clear references for moral evaluations. Manuscript profile

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176 - Explaining the moral atmosphere of academic activists with emphasis on Giddens' theory of construction
Ehsan Rahmani khalili

The moral atmosphere of the university in institutions and organizations originates from two important sources, which include the agents of organizations and organizational construction. Giddens believes that structures are created both by the hands of human actors and More

The moral atmosphere of the university in institutions and organizations originates from two important sources, which include the agents of organizations and organizational construction. Giddens believes that structures are created both by the hands of human actors and are the means by which such action takes place. Structures are created by humans. But they also limit and make human action possible. In this article, with the theoretical approach of Giddens, the explanation of the attitude of students in creating an academic moral environment was discussed, and to what extent the evaluation of the structure of the university and academic agents in explaining the attitude of students to create Moral atmosphere is effective. The present research is of explanatory type and in terms of method, it is considered as a survey research. The statistical population of the present study includes students of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch in 2019. The data collection tool in this research is a researcher-made questionnaire which after examining its validity and reliability by combining cluster sampling and disproportionate classification and determining the sample size using Cochran's formula, was administered to 381 B.S, M.A and M.S students are implemented. Findings indicate that the variable of evaluation of the university structure directly affects the creation of ethical atmosphere and evaluation of academic actors indirectly affects the creation of academic ethical atmosphere among students through the evaluation of the structure of the university Manuscript profile

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177 - Examining the corresponding moral values on the observance of the rights of the victim and the criminal in Iran's criminal law
Amir Feizi Ghobad Kazemi Masoud Ghasemi

Criminal procedure is the manifestation of human rights and its guarantor, criminal procedure regulations express the position of rights and their preservation and human dignity in that society. The law has value and credibility and reaches its lofty position when the r More

Criminal procedure is the manifestation of human rights and its guarantor, criminal procedure regulations express the position of rights and their preservation and human dignity in that society. The law has value and credibility and reaches its lofty position when the rights and moral value of people, both the victim and the offender, are respected. Failure to provide guarantees for balancing the rights of the victim and the criminal leads to the violation of the rights of the parties and the disintegration of the judicial process and the weakening of moral values in the society. The balance between the rights of the victim and the criminal does not mean that the same rights and protections It is foreseen for each of the parties to be used for the other party as well, because depending on the case and the path of the criminal proceedings, each of the victims or criminals needs their own services and support. The proposed strategy of this article to get out of these conflicts is to establish common and specific rights and guarantees for each of them in order to identify the needs of each victim and the offender so that their concerns in the field of establishing justice and fairness are resolved. This research shows that Iran's legislator has determined to balance the rights and moral values of the victim and the criminal, but the legislator has not been able to meet the expectations of the victim and the criminal. Manuscript profile

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178 - Investigating the extent of utilization of the educational and moral orientations of Nahj al-Balagha in the field of devotional and moral education of the fundamental transformation document
Mohammad Sadeghzadeh Farhad Edrisi Mohammad hosein Saeini Hossein Moradi Zanjani

Nahj al-Balagha is the best and most expressive language of the Qur'an and explains Islamic educational and moral issues. Acquaintance and examination of the general educational and moral orientations of Imam Ali (a.s.) in Nahj al-Balagheh, and its adaptation to the fie More

Nahj al-Balagha is the best and most expressive language of the Qur'an and explains Islamic educational and moral issues. Acquaintance and examination of the general educational and moral orientations of Imam Ali (a.s.) in Nahj al-Balagheh, and its adaptation to the field of religious, devotional, and moral education of the fundamental transformation document as a mother document in the field of education and training and generalization of these orientations in The society can solve many educational and moral problems and damages in the society. In this research, a comparative study of the educational and moral orientations of Nahj al-Balagha and the field of religious and religious moral education of the fundamental transformation document has been carried out using the descriptive method and the type of content analysis of the full text of the valuable book Nahj al-Balagha and also the document of fundamental transformation of education. and breeding has been analyzed. A comparative study of the principles and approaches governing this educational field in the fundamental transformation document with the educational and moral orientations of Nahj al-Balagheh indicates a meaningful connection and effective use of the texts and teachings of Nahj al-Balagheh in the compilation of this educational field and indicates the full use of the authors of the document. It is one of the educational and moral orientations of Nahj al-Balagheh, as well as the valuable teachings of this honorable book. Manuscript profile

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179 - Explaining the principles of "social security" in Nahj al-Balaghah and its realization in society with a neglect approach
alinaghi lezgi alireza akbar zadeh Mohammad karaminia reza ojagh

Security is one of the most important human needs and motivations. For a country, ensuring the security of society and its individuals has a fundamental and important role. In today's advanced societies, governments are responsible for pursuing and securing it. Today, g More

Security is one of the most important human needs and motivations. For a country, ensuring the security of society and its individuals has a fundamental and important role. In today's advanced societies, governments are responsible for pursuing and securing it. Today, governments have become the most important political unit in the field of domestic and foreign relations, and their most important goal is to try to provide comprehensive security and expand its scope. On the other hand, people expect the most from the political institutions of society in terms of providing physical security along with economic well-being and social identity. Social security in the present age is one of the necessities of social life according to Islamic teachings and based on moral concepts in Islamic society. The present article examines the principles of social security in Nahj al-Balaghah and then proposes solutions to achieve this in society with a "neglect" approach. This article has been done in a library method with a descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile

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180 - A Comparative Study on the Concept of Other’s Subjectivity from the Perspective of Lacan and Levinas Focusing on the Educational Implications
Ali sattri Batoul Shahi Maryam Esfahani

The present study aims to investigate the concept of the other’s subjectivity from the perspective of Lacan and Levinas with emphasis on the moral subject and their educational implications. In order to achieve this goal, the analytical-comparative method has been used More

The present study aims to investigate the concept of the other’s subjectivity from the perspective of Lacan and Levinas with emphasis on the moral subject and their educational implications. In order to achieve this goal, the analytical-comparative method has been used and the results of the research indicate that in Lacan's belief, the innate human tendency to dialogue and recreation of discourse forms in linguistic structures, paves the ground for the acceptance of the other. Criticizing the sameness view in the traditional ethics that emphasizes absolute good and the great other, he points out the symptom of reduced others in the moral system and mentions the superiority of other-oriented ethics. Levinas also condemns the reduction of otherness to the "same" matter and in the priority of ethics over philosophy, he talks of an other-oriented and responsible ethics. Some implications can be obtained from the other’s subjectivity for the educational system, in the realms of curriculum, teaching method, and teacher-student relationship. The ideal educational system from Lacan's point of view, based on the two concepts of the Ego-ideal and the Super- ego, arises from a social and moral subject according to which moral subjectivity requires interaction and social action between teachers and students particularly in the realm of curriculum. According to Levinas, the ideal educational system is achieved in the face-to-face relationship between the student and the teacher, and having the focus on the otherness of the student, it requires a curriculum focusing on the marginalized persons. A combination of Lacan's and Levinas's approach in highlighting the relationship between "I" and "the other" leads to the notion of "moral subjectivity". Manuscript profile

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181 - Investigating the effect of analyzing the mediating role of ethical marketing on the effect of human resource management performance on internal marketing in Sepeh Bank employees in the northwest of the country
Taghi mohamadi Reza abdollahzade صابر قرباني siamak kazemzadeh

Purpose :. The purpose of this research is to analyze the mediating role of ethical marketing on the effect of human resource management on internal marketing among the employees of Sepeh Bank in the northwest of the country. Methodology: This research was applied in t More

Purpose :. The purpose of this research is to analyze the mediating role of ethical marketing on the effect of human resource management on internal marketing among the employees of Sepeh Bank in the northwest of the country. Methodology: This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the research was 160 employees of Sepeh Bank branches in Selmas and Khoi. The sample size is 113 people using Morgan table and simple random sampling method. The research tools are internal marketing standard questionnaires (Mooney and Forman; 1995), Safari et al.'s ethical marketing questionnaire (2016) and Andrey's standard human resource management performance questionnaire. Oh you. It was Deval (2004). Structural equation method and PLS and SPSS19 software were used to test the research hypotheses Findings: Data analysis showed that the performance of human resources management has an effect on internal marketing with the mediating role of ethical marketing. The performance of human resources management has a positive and meaningful effect on ethical marketing. Ethical marketing has a positive and significant effect on internal marketing. The performance of human resources management has a positive and significant effect on internal marketing. Conclusion: Improving the quality of the organization's human resources performance can lead to gaining a competitive advantage and improving the organization's performance. Improving the performance quality of human resources and bank employees is dependent on their satisfaction as internal customers of the organization, and bank management can direct the skills, attitudes and behavior of employees towards the bank's goals through internal marketing. Manuscript profile

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182 - Ominous Nine: Cross-Validation of the Nine Dark Personality Trait Model
Rahim Yousefi elham farzaneh Behzad Shalchi

Introduction: The Nine Dark Model is an expanded model of the Dark pentad Traits, which has added egoism, self-interest, moral disengagement, and psychological entitlement to this set. The aim of study was to Cross-Validation of the nine dark personality traits model. M More

Introduction: The Nine Dark Model is an expanded model of the Dark pentad Traits, which has added egoism, self-interest, moral disengagement, and psychological entitlement to this set. The aim of study was to Cross-Validation of the nine dark personality traits model. Method: The research was descriptive-correlation. The research community was the students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University (6761 people including 4141 women and 2620 men) and the sample was 400 people (women=229 & men=171) who were selected voluntarily. The instruments included Dark Pentad Scale, Egoism Scale, Self-Interest Inventory, Moral Disengage Scale and Psychological Entitlement Scale. The data was analyzed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using spss22 and LISREL8. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed spitfullness, self-interest, sadism, narcissism, psychological entitlement, egoism, moral disengagement, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism, which explained 58% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the confirmation of the nine-factor structure of the model; the fitness indices were h igher than 0.9. Internal consistency through Cronbach's alpha for components between 0.68 and 0.81 and the whole scale is 0.88 and through spilit-half for components between 0.64 and 0.79 and the whole scale is 0.81. Conclusion: The scale of nine dark personality traits is a valid and reliable instrument for clinical and research situations. Manuscript profile

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183 - Moral autonomy in the Holy Qur'an
mohsen bagheri seyed ahmad fazeli

autonomy is a concept that has been in the field of politics since ancient Greece, but Kant assigned a fundamental role to it in ethics. He believes that the moral subject, in addition to being subordinate to the absolute, as the moral law, is also its creator. After Ka More

autonomy is a concept that has been in the field of politics since ancient Greece, but Kant assigned a fundamental role to it in ethics. He believes that the moral subject, in addition to being subordinate to the absolute, as the moral law, is also its creator. After Kant, this concept found other definitions and positions such as personal autonomy and rational autonomy. In his book about autonomy, Dworkin gave a general formulation of moral autonomy, in which the axis is " owner to moral principles" with various meanings. In this article, the concept of autonomy and its components such as self- constitution, self-control, rationality, and independence have been explained from the perspective of philosophers, and then through these components, a reading of this concept in the Holy Quran has been followed. It can be said that autonomy is mentioned in some of its meanings in the Holy Qur'an and is considered one of the components of the moral agent. Manuscript profile

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184 - The moral principles of the Prophet (PBUH) in wars based on the history of the Prophet (PBUH) and the Qur'an
mahdi abedi Mohamadreza Hosseni Mohammad taher yaghoub

Ethics and moral principles are one of the important aspects of Islam and are of great importance. Therefore, in the Holy Qur'an, one of the goals of the mission of the Prophet (PBUH) is to educate and teach wisdom, and since the Prophet (PBUH) was in charge of the sove More

Ethics and moral principles are one of the important aspects of Islam and are of great importance. Therefore, in the Holy Qur'an, one of the goals of the mission of the Prophet (PBUH) is to educate and teach wisdom, and since the Prophet (PBUH) was in charge of the sovereignty of the Islamic religion, he behaved ethically and adhered to moral principles at various times. Among the scenes in which the Prophet was placed were times of war when they tried to observe moral principles What is considered in this article is what kind of behavior the Prophet (pbuh) had when he was in different scenes of war, and in fact, this issue is examined through the Qur'an and the historical biography of the Prophet (pbuh). What is obtained from this research is that, contrary to the opinion of the Orientalists who interpreted the Prophet's campaigns based on violence and gaining booty, the Prophet adhered to moral principles in his wars and tried his best to perform moral actions such as They should teach Muslims compassion and kindness, keeping promises, patience and perseverance, etc. Manuscript profile

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185 - The position of ethics in jurisprudential issues: a case study of Khums traditions
somayeh kalhor mahdi mehrizitoroghi mojgan sarshar

Ethics, in addition to creating culture and creating identity for the society and the individual, provides the basis for the implementation of religious and legal duties, including acts of worship, transactions, rulings, civil and social laws. Since jurisprudence and mo More

Ethics, in addition to creating culture and creating identity for the society and the individual, provides the basis for the implementation of religious and legal duties, including acts of worship, transactions, rulings, civil and social laws. Since jurisprudence and moral issues are not discussed separately in the Qur'an, it is therefore necessary to search for the relationship between the two in the hadiths; Therefore, the main issue of this article is to pay attention to the ethical points raised in the traditions of Khums. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical. The place of morality in the traditions related to Khums is discussed in two general areas. One is the position of moral propositions in the principle of Khums legislation, and the other is the position of moral propositions in the reason for the legislation of some Khums rulings. For example, the discussion of justice and fairness is one of the moral propositions that are the basis of the legalization of Khums jurisprudence in the field of forgiveness or the manner and time of Khums payment. Negligence is one of the moral propositions that was the basis of the legislation of some Khums rules. Respecting and preserving the dignity and status of leaders is also among the moral principles that have become the basis of Khums legislation. Regarding the reason for the legalization of some jurisprudential rules of Khums, moral propositions have been considered as Shariah. Forgiveness of Khums is one of the issues raised by Ahl al-Bayt (AS) in hadiths; In these hadiths, the reason for legislating such a ruling is the purity of the birth of the Shiites. Among the other reasons for the law of Khums is cleansing from sins and preventing avarice. Manuscript profile

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186 - The place of the right to entertainment in the system of human moral rights from the point of view of Islam
seyyedabdollah Mirkhandan

With the advancement of technology and the emergence of new entertainment and the importance of entertainment in today's human lifestyle, entertainment has been proposed as a human right and not just an optional activity. Whether or not entertainment is considered a hum More

With the advancement of technology and the emergence of new entertainment and the importance of entertainment in today's human lifestyle, entertainment has been proposed as a human right and not just an optional activity. Whether or not entertainment is considered a human right from an Islamic point of view, and if this right exists, what is its position in the system of human moral rights, is of great importance. The leading research with descriptive analytical method seeks to clarify this position. In this research, we came to the conclusion that from the Islamic point of view, entertainment is considered a right in the system of human moral rights, and this right is an innate right and one of the natural rights of man. Therefore, the need for entertainment is not an illusory and induced need and it is rooted in human nature and its place is to the extent that it does not harm the basic human responsibilities, including work, social, family, political responsibilities, and above all religious responsibilities, and causes rejuvenation for be these responsibilities. Manuscript profile

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187 - Analyzing Ethic Values in Samak-e-Ayyar: a Semiotic Approach
Effat Sarlak Fatemeh Seyed Ebrahimi Nejad HamidReza Shairi Ali Karimi firoozjaee

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The present research has investigated the value system of Ethics in Samak-e-Ayyar using the analytical descriptive method and relying on the semiotics approach.The main problem of the research is: what mechanisms are used for the production of EthicValues in Ayyari discourse? How Ayyari has changed the boundaries between reality and idealism that leading to changing the normal and common values to idealistic and even mythical ones? The data have been selected purposefully and based on action discourses from Samak-e-Ayyar.The results indicated that Ayyari divides the social and cultural functions and even the usual value system into extra-value types such as collectivism, myth-centric, risk acceptability, adaptability, renewability, and other pioneering values in the lifestyle of actors.   Keywords: semiotic, value system, Ethic, action discourse, ayyari.       Introduction   The oldest and most valuable book in which the value system of Ayyari discourse can be searched is the story of Samak-e-Ayyar which has been written by Faramarz Ebn Arrajani. The word “Ayyari” is derived from the Persian word “yar” (korban, 2004: 170). Semantically, Ayyari refers to the brotherhood and friendship among them (means the Ayyar). Samak-e-Ayyar forms value spaces where values enter into challenges with each other, compete, prove, or disapprove of each other, and at the end, a more valuable space is formed. This new value space or value system belongs to the Ayyari discourse. The present research seeks to find the answer to this main question: How do Ayyari action discourses produce Ethic values through which they will be able to achieve their goals? finding an answer to this question, and the mechanisms used to form the Ethic value system by the Ayyar is the goal of the present research. The hypothesis of the present research is that the Ethic value system in Ayyari produces an ideal transactional morality system which is very important in this discourse.       Research Background   Ghobadi and Nouri (2007) believed that works such as Samak-e-Ayyar and Hossein Kurd Shabestari have been influenced by Shahnameh. Qanadzadeh (2007) believed that Heroic and Ayyari discourses can be found in the culture of Iranian even before Islam and up to now, they remained a social value in different periods in different forms. Panahi (2009) has concluded that the term chivalry is rooted in the Quran and Hadith and its most important components are not seeing fairness and forgiveness. Pushneh (2012) examines the value system in ethical discourse with a semiotic approach and in a descriptive-analytical way. This study shows that the flow of meaning-making or the formation of values is dynamic and in this way, the subject passes over ordinary human beings. Alavimoghadam and Jafarpour (2013) investigated the epic narratives of Ayyarin. They also studied the historical background of chivalry and Ayyari in Samak-e-Ayyar and Darabnameh and they concluded that Ayyari is a social and moral movement whose formation dates back to the pre-Islamic Period. After Islam, it took an Islamic color. Ayyari has transformed over time and has been supported by the people of Iran and the West. Bahamani (2017) investigated the narrative and semantic features of Ayyari in AbuMuslimname based on the semiotic approach. The results showed that Ayyar changes their actions for the benefit of another one based on his logical calculation. It should be noted that these actions are done voluntarily.       Theoretical Framework    The theoretical framework of the current study is semiotics, especially the value system from the semiotic point of view. Semiotics is a combination of semantics and semiology that integrates meaning and perception to produce meaning in different formats. In the semiology tradition of structuralism, the relationship between the signifier and the signified is studied without the presence of a human agent (Shairi and Vafai 2018).   Shairi and Seyedebrahimi (2021) believed that we should tend the title of the semiotics of value so that based on it, we would be able to explain the value-oriented aspects of the actions of the actors as well as their presences. Semiotics of the value teaches us that the universe needs care, therefore to realize such care it is necessary to be an interpreter and to participate in the creation of situations that open the way to interpret the world (Shairi and Seyedebrahimi2021: 194). They also believed that three kinds of value can be found in the discourse: Linguistic, Ethical, and Aesthetic.   From Saussure's point of view value is obtained by differentiation and meaning is a product that exists between words. Saussure divides the relationships and differences between the elements of a language into two areas: syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations. Each of them creates a certain category of values based on Saussure (2001: 176-177).   Shairi (2011) believes that value can be considered as the smallest unit of meaning which is the product of the system of opposition. He considers effective factors such as dissymmetry, orientation, reversibility, and supplementary conditions for the formation of values.       Data Analysis   After analyzing the data, the following values were found in the Ayyari discourse. These features are shown in the table 1 below:   Table 1: Structural and semantic forms of Ethic values in Ayyari discourse   <div align="center"> <table class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 347.3pt; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext;" border="1" width="463" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; height: 17.5pt;"> <td style="width: 131.2pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.5pt;" width="175"> Semantic form </td> <td style="width: 106.3pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.5pt;" width="142"> Structural form </td> <td style="width: 109.8pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.5pt;" width="146"> The values produced by Samak </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; height: 24.1pt;"> <td style="width: 131.2pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 24.1pt;" width="175"> Collectivism- respect for the others </td> <td style="width: 106.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 24.1pt;" width="142"> Partnership Additive </td> <td style="width: 109.8pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 24.1pt;" width="146"> we-centered instead of I-centered/ Reversibility </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; height: 58.85pt;"> <td style="width: 131.2pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 58.85pt;" width="175"> Creating a new perspective-collective wisdom, Dedication, self-sacrifice for serving the society, and collectivism </td> <td style="width: 106.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 58.85pt;" width="142"> Inaugural Multifaceted (Chivalry such as-other courage, thought, empowerment) </td> <td style="width: 109.8pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 58.85pt;" width="146"> Generalizability value permeability value/ Risk-taking value/ pioneer value </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; height: 17.85pt;"> <td style="width: 131.2pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.85pt;" width="175"> Expansion-supra ideational </td> <td style="width: 106.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.85pt;" width="142"> Multifaceted (Respect, greatness, thought) </td> <td style="width: 109.8pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.85pt;" width="146"> Myth-centered value </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; height: 24.15pt;"> <td style="width: 131.2pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 24.15pt;" width="175"> Guarantee of action- Continuation of action </td> <td style="width: 106.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 24.15pt;" width="142"> Belief certainty birth </td> <td style="width: 109.8pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 24.15pt;" width="146"> Elevation- oriented/ oath to Superior force- centered (God)/ renewable value </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; height: 23.25pt;"> <td style="width: 131.2pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 23.25pt;" width="175"> Achieving the goal and fixing the defect </td> <td style="width: 106.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 23.25pt;" width="142"> Thought-oriented </td> <td style="width: 109.8pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 23.25pt;" width="146"> Value of wisdom and prudence </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; height: 30.85pt;"> <td style="width: 131.2pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 30.85pt;" width="175"> Righteousness- Alignment with thought and honesty </td> <td style="width: 106.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 30.85pt;" width="142"> The sameness of the power relationship/ Conformity of words and actions </td> <td style="width: 109.8pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 30.85pt;" width="146"> The value of justice, chivalry, honesty, and trustworthiness </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div>       Conclusion   This research was looking for an answer to the question of which mechanisms are used to produce the Ethic value system in Ayyari discourse. For this purpose, after examining the active discourses of Samak-e-Ayyar it was shown that the value system in Ayyari first of all is something cultural that can be spread in society. Meta-values are formed by Ayyari discourse such as chivalry and gallantry. Ethics does not forget the cultural perspective and draws a vision for itself according to the cultural accumulations to lead to idealization. Risk-taking is among the value criteria in the discourse that Ethics produces in Ayyari. In the inner layers of the discourse, there are many social and cultural themes such as pioneering, risk-taking, trustworthiness, myth-centered, penetration and wisdom, merit of justice, and truthfulness.       Keywords: semantic sign, value system, Ethique, action discourse, ayyari.       References   Afshari, Mehran (2015) Obituaries and Khaksarieh’s treatise (30 years), Tehran Cheshmeh publishing.   Alavimoghadam, Mahyar, and Milad Jafarpour (2013) the theme of ayari and chivalry and its inductive educational teaching in the textual epics of Persian literature, fifth volume, number 3, PP. 13-36 University of Esfahan.   Al-rrajani faramarz ebn Abdullah al-katib (1984) Samak-e-Ayyar, volume (1-5) Introduction and Correction: Parviz Natel Khanlari, Tehran, publications of Iran culture foundation.   Babak, Moein, Morteza (2014) meaning as a lived experience Tehran Sokhan.   Bahar, Mehrdad (2014) Ancient sports of Iran and its roots, year 1, number 2, p 140.   Bahmani, Kobra (2016) Narrative analysis of ayyaran and presentation of its semantic model based on abu Muslim nameh” two. Narratology Quarterly, year 1, number 1, PP. 27-50.   Ferdinand, de Sussour (2001) Basics of constructivism in linguistics translated by Koresh Safavi in constructivism, post-structuralism and literary studies by Farzansojodi, Tehran, art department.   Fontanille, J (2008) Pratique et éthique: la théorie du lien, Protée, 36(2), 11- 26.&rlm;   Fontanille, J & Zilberberg, C (1998) Tension and signification, Sprimont- Belgique, Pierre Mardaga.&rlm;   Greimas, A, J (1987) De l’imperfection (Périgueux: PierreFanlac) Trad: Raúl Dorra, De la imperfección.&rlm;   Landowski, E (2004) Passions sans nom: essais de socio- semiotique III, Presses universitaires de France   Levinas, S, E (1994) Theorie de L'Intuition Dans La Phenomenologie de Husserl, paris, Librarie Philosophique.   Panahi, Mahin, (2008)” Chivalry, synonyms and its components in mystical texts” Literature research journal, number 4, pp21-220.   Pushneh, Athena (2012) Value system in ethic discourse based on the story of “dar khame rah”. the second. conference national literary criticism with the semiotic approach, Tarbiat Modares.   Qanadzadeh, Siddique (2007) investigation of ayari ritual in the history of Iran, teaching and learning researches. 2, number 7, consecutive 7, PP. 1-16.   Qobadi, Hosseinali and Ali Nouri (2007) “The effect of ferdowsi’s shahnameh on ayyari literature”. Persian language and literature quarterly of the former publication of Tabriz University faculty of literature in 1971 spring and summer 2007, no, 201, PP. 63-96.   Saki, mohammadreza and Reza Komasi (2014) comparative study of ayyari religion in Iran and chivalry in the West. Comparative literature studies. number 32, year 8, PP. 79-96.    Shairi, Hamidreza (2006) Semantic analysis of discourse, Tehran, samt publication.   Shairi, Hamidreza & Taraneh Vafaei (2009) Phoenix, a way to the sign of fluid semantics, Tehran company scientific and cultural publication.   Shairi, Hamidreza & Fatemeh Seyed Ebrahimi (2021) criticism of the translation of the semiotics book, from Hard Semiotics to soft anthropological signs, a critical research paper on humanities texts and programs of the year 21st number one. PP. 177-199.   Manuscript profile

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190 - The Scope and basics of humility in the New Testament
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Elham Ahmadi kobra nodehi arastoo mirani

Women are among the vulnerable groups in society who have historically faced widespread violations of rights and extensive violence. An important issue in this context is the various perspectives and theories that organizations, institutions, real and legal personalitie More

Women are among the vulnerable groups in society who have historically faced widespread violations of rights and extensive violence. An important issue in this context is the various perspectives and theories that organizations, institutions, real and legal personalities, and writers have each attempted to portray the nature of violence against women and combat it. Writers have typically used the format of social novels to describe the situation of women and the violence exerted upon them. This article explores Moshfeq Kazemi's "The Terrible Tehran," which is considered the first social novel in Iran. The main question of this paper is: "What are the main ethical misconducts focused on covert violence against women in 'The Terrible Tehran'?" The central hypothesis of the current article emphasizes that Moshfeq Kazemi depicts a frightening Tehran after the Constitutional Revolution and the early Pahlavi era, essentially mourning the plight of Iranian women and a patriarchal society through two major indicators: covert verbal and non-verbal violence. The findings of the article using a descriptive-analytical method and utilizing written and digital sources indicate that ethical misconduct against women in the novel "The Terrible Tehran" includes major indicators of covert verbal and non-verbal violence. Based on this, humiliation, slander, insult, threat, lying, taunting, and mockery fall under covert verbal violence, and ignoring women's personhood, supporting erroneous marriage customs, endorsement of polygamy, sexual violence, and hypocrisy are forms of covert non-verbal violence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

196 - A survey of ethical attitudes towards collaborative criminal justice
Mohammad Jamadi Ali Janipour Karam Janipour Dariush Babaie

Justice is one of the oldest concepts that mankind has known since the beginning of its civilization and has tried to establish it. Justice has different forms, which can be referred to as social, political, economic, etc. In this, criminal justice is of special importa More

Justice is one of the oldest concepts that mankind has known since the beginning of its civilization and has tried to establish it. Justice has different forms, which can be referred to as social, political, economic, etc. In this, criminal justice is of special importance. Scientists and experts in social sciences have considered several factors effective on criminal justice, among which principles such as the principle of acquittal and the principle of legality of crimes and punishments, as well as the personal nature of criminal responsibility, are important, but criminal responsibility is of particular importance among them. It is necessary to carry out serious scrutiny in this regard and conduct ethical attitudes towards criminal justice, especially collaborative criminal justice, in a scientific manner. Ignoring the areas of moral responsibility in the field of criminal justice violates the right of those referring to the judicial system and causes injustice. Therefore, paying attention to the character and human dignity of people is a necessity of collaborative criminal justice. The present article deals with the ethical attitudes in the field of collaborative criminal justice with a library method and has answered many unknowns in this regard. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

197 - Investigating the moderating effect of managers' ethical characteristics on the relationship between debt volume and profit quality
seyyed javad mirabbasi Azita Jahanshad

The primary goal of financial reporting in capital markets is to support certain judgments and decisions, so the quality of profit is primarily concerned because of the view that high quality information leads to better judgments and decisions. Meanwhile, the ethical More

The primary goal of financial reporting in capital markets is to support certain judgments and decisions, so the quality of profit is primarily concerned because of the view that high quality information leads to better judgments and decisions. Meanwhile, the ethical characteristics of managers are effective and neglected factors in this field, therefore, the present study examines the moderating effect of ethical characteristics of managers on the relationship between the amount of debts and the quality of profits. This research has been carried out in the framework of inductive-inductive arguments. In this research, library and field methods were used to collect information. The theoretical foundations and researches carried out were used as a library basis. The statistical population of this research includes all the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the financial periods of 1392-1401. According to the systematic elimination method, 217 final samples were selected. According to the findings of the research, the ability of managers has a moderating effect on the non-linear relationship between debt volume and profit quality. Also, managers' short-sightedness has a moderating effect on the non-linear relationship between debt volume and profit quality, which research literature predicts a positive relationship between debt and profit management through accruals, and finally, managers' representative behavior has a moderating effect on the non-linear relationship between debt volume and profit quality. has it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

198 - Philosophical and educational thoughts of Mulla Sadra and Allameh Tabatabai in order to provide a model of moral education
Seyed Nuraddin Hosseini Ali Asghar mashinchi Mokhtar ranjbar

The purpose of this research is to study the philosophical and educational thoughts of Mulla Sadra and Allameh Tabatabai in order to provide a model of moral education. In terms of goals, this research is practical and in terms of the method of data collection, it is More

The purpose of this research is to study the philosophical and educational thoughts of Mulla Sadra and Allameh Tabatabai in order to provide a model of moral education. In terms of goals, this research is practical and in terms of the method of data collection, it is a comparative content analysis, and for this purpose, data was first collected based on data sheets and information records. and education by Mulla Sadra and Allameh Tabatabai, their number was 80 volumes, and the ones that had the most relevance to the topic were selected with a purposeful and criteria-based sampling method. And it was done in a coding way. The tool used is in the form of recording information and extracting fiche from authentic sources, articles and documents, which is done in a library or documentary way. The method of data analysis was the method of coding (open coding, axial coding and selective coding). The findings showed that the previous research by other researchers was somewhat consistent with the results obtained in this research and some indicators and the component obtained in the present research is confirmed by the previous findings. After examining and studying the theoretical foundations and research background and documents with articles and researchers, 7 dimensions, 28 components and 72 indicators were identified in the form of the department's findings, that philosophical thought has4components and 12 indicators, educational thought has 4 components and 10 indicators, and Political4components and 9 indicators, optimal education 4components and 11 indicators, unification of attributes4 components and 9 indicators,happiness 4 components and 11 indicators and sublime wisdom 4 components and 10 indicators were identified. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

199 - Application of moral values in kindergarten architecture based on Islamic teachings
abdulrazzagh abdolhamidahmad reza nik khah siamak jafarzadeh

Ethics is the knowledge of how to live. Moral values are one of the most important factors in the formation process of Islamic architecture. Architecture is an arena for the emergence of individual and social life and the expression of moral values. Paying attention More

Ethics is the knowledge of how to live. Moral values are one of the most important factors in the formation process of Islamic architecture. Architecture is an arena for the emergence of individual and social life and the expression of moral values. Paying attention to the existential moral values of man and society is one of the basic needs of the formation of the environment and human life. Considering the effects of the environment as one of the effective factors on the moral education of the child, we need a detailed understanding of the characteristics that affect the moral education of the child so that we can design an environment that helps the moral development of the child and actually education Follow the child's morals. Here, the question is raised, what strategies and solutions have Islamic teachings provided regarding a suitable environment for the moral education of children? And what are the characteristics of a suitable kindergarten for the moral education of a child based on Islamic teachings? Accordingly, the aim of this research is to provide principles and a model for kindergarten design based on moral teachings. In this research, it has been tried by referring to Islamic teachings and with the method of logical reasoning and their interpretation and analysis, the environmental components and architecture of a suitable place for the moral education of children have been deduced and presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

200 - The effect of ethical characteristics of managers on the relationship between conservatism and cost of equity
Saied AhmadVand Azita Jahanshad

One of the tools and mechanisms of drafting accounting standards is conservatism. Conservatism has been proposed as a useful tool for the board of directors in order to fully implement key tasks such as determining strategies, comprehensive supervision of the company More

One of the tools and mechanisms of drafting accounting standards is conservatism. Conservatism has been proposed as a useful tool for the board of directors in order to fully implement key tasks such as determining strategies, comprehensive supervision of the company's executive directors, and ensuring accountability to shareholders and stakeholders in recent years. Conservatism is placed as a criterion of pessimism in front of the manager's optimism to increase the quality of profit. Studies show that managers do not always behave in a completely rational way, and under the influence of characteristics such as optimism, overconfidence, etc., they may make irrational decisions that have an important impact on the company's financial and operational activities. On the other hand, one of the basic elements in making investment decisions is the cost of equity, which decreases the economic added value of companies. In order to maintain the value of the economic unit, the management should try to bring the expected return to at least the level of the cost of equity. In this, the key to success is reducing the cost of equity. Therefore, this research seeks to answer the question of whether the moral characteristics of managers have an effect on the non-linear relationship between accounting conservatism and the cost of equity? This research has been carried out in the framework of inductive-inductive arguments. In this research, library and field methods were used to collect information. The theoretical bases and researches carried out were used as a library basis. The statistical population of this research includes all the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the financial periods of 1392-1401. According to Cochran's formula, the number of samples used in this research has been obtained for an error of 0.085 (about 8.5%). According to the findings of the research, with the increase of managers' overconfidence, the relationship between managers' conservatism and the cost of equity will weaken, and there is an inverse relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Also, with the increase in managers' optimism, the relationship between the conservatism of managers and the cost of equity is strengthened, and there is a direct relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Also, with the increase of overconfidence, the cost of equity will decrease and there is an inverse relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Also, with the increase of the company size variable, the relationship between managers' conservatism and the cost of equity weakens, and there is an inverse relationship between the independent and dependent variable. This variable supports the linear relationship between managers' conservatism and the cost of equity. Manuscript profile

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