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Open Access Article
1 - Study of research cooperation between commission member institutions and the selected universities in the years 1389 and 1390 (Based on analysis of data recorded in the Research Information Management System (Semat))
mina noori حمیدرضا طهوری parastoo jaliliAbstract: Iran's national policy documents have focused on the knowledge based development, and effective steps have been taken by decision makers, policy makers, and executive departments in recent years. The most important measures in this regard include the establish MoreAbstract: Iran's national policy documents have focused on the knowledge based development, and effective steps have been taken by decision makers, policy makers, and executive departments in recent years. The most important measures in this regard include the establishment of the Supreme Council for Science, Research, and Technology and its commissions by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. One of the major goals of the council in the years 1389 to 1391 is the facilitation role of the public sector to create, facilitate and deepen the relationship between the country's industry and academic and research sectors. In the literature on technology and innovation, this relationship is known as one of the basic requirements for technology development in each country. In this study, the Commission on Industries, Mines and communication of the Supreme Council of Science, Research, and Technology examined and compared the research cooperation between the selected universities and the commission member institutions by analysis of data recorded in the Research Information Management System (Semat) in 1389 and 1390. In 1389, the study was based on the analysis of performance reports of the institutions and universities in the implementation of Iran's General Budget Law for 1389 (part D of section 2), and in 1390, the study was based on the analysis of performance reports of the institutions and universities in the implementation of Iran's General Budget Law for 1390 (part A of section 108) and Iran's Fifth Five-Year Development Plan (part M of section 224). In this regard, the information registered by the universities and the Commission member institutions, including information on research projects with academic executive, and information on funds allocated by the institutions to the universities for research projects, for two consecutive years 1389 and 1390 were analyzed and compared. The results are presented in this paper Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Categories of criteria and factors influencing the selection of appropriate methods of technology transfer
mahdi hamidi hojjatollah hajhosseini mehdi mohammadiNowadays, by developing and advancing sciences and becoming technology development processes more complicated, technical cooperation between companies is a substantial aspect of companies’ strategies and an important public policy for technology development across the MoreNowadays, by developing and advancing sciences and becoming technology development processes more complicated, technical cooperation between companies is a substantial aspect of companies’ strategies and an important public policy for technology development across the World. Technology transfer issue, as a concept of technical cooperation is considered by researchers and managers of agencies and organizations, as the most important approaches in this regards. In this research, after reviewing the literature by using library studies, introducing the concept and describes various methods of technology transfer. After describing the different models of technology transfer and comparing indices used in each model with others, we compare and eliminate the common indices and the last selected 28 of most important criteria have been identified to present appropriate methods of technology transfer. We also classified the criteria into four general groups as : capability and policies of technology receiver, capability and policies of technology owner, common policies between technology owner and receiver, and technology features. Finally, some recommendations and research directions are provided for future researches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Effect of Work Ethics on Job Stress (Academic Research, A Strategy for Industry)
Ahmad عربشاهی کریزی abolfazl erfanifarهدف این پژوهش بررسی رابطه اخلاق کاری و استرس شغلی در سازمان می‌باشد و نتایج این تحقیق می تواند راهبرد سازمانها و صنایع را در مواجهه با استرس شغلی تعیین نماید. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری این تحقیق معلمان و کارمندان Moreهدف این پژوهش بررسی رابطه اخلاق کاری و استرس شغلی در سازمان می‌باشد و نتایج این تحقیق می تواند راهبرد سازمانها و صنایع را در مواجهه با استرس شغلی تعیین نماید. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری این تحقیق معلمان و کارمندان مدارس ابتدایی می‌باشند که از بین آن‌ها 176نفر به دو پرسشنامه اخلاق کاری و استرس شغلی پاسخ داده‌اند. تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نشان می‌دهد که بین اخلاق کاری و استرس شغلی رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. با توجه به منفی بودن ضریب همبستگی پیرسون، مشخص می‌شود که اخلاق کاری و استرس شغلی رابطه معکوس دارند یعنی هر چه اخلاق کاری افزایش پیدا کند، استرس شغلی کمتر می‌شود. بین مشارکت در کار و استرس شغلی رابطه معناداری وجود ندارد. بین علاقه به کار و استرس شغلی رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. بین پشتکار در کار و استرس شغلی رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. بین روابط انسانی در کار و استرس شغلی رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Ranking of Iran’s universities and Industries based on the co-publication indicator in Persian journals of Islamic world Science Citation (ISC)
Mansoureh Serati ShiraziResearch collaboration between university and industry is so significant in knowledge flow from university to industry as well as makes it practical. One of the main channels for this purpose is university- industry co- publication. The aim of the research is to inves MoreResearch collaboration between university and industry is so significant in knowledge flow from university to industry as well as makes it practical. One of the main channels for this purpose is university- industry co- publication. The aim of the research is to investigate the university and industry collaboration based on the co-publication indicator in the Persian documents which are indexed in the Iran Science Citation Index (SCI) in 1994 and also to identify universities and industries that collaborate in these publications and finally to map the structure of co- publication network on the political map of Iran. In order to calculate the collaboration, the “total count” method of co-authored is applied and collaboration network is mapped by Excel and Ucinet and Pajek soft wares in the GPS environment. The results shows that in 1394, 270 co- publication articles were indexed in the SCI database by 94 universities and 150 industry unites. Adjusting geographical distribution of co-publications of university and industry on Iran’s political map revealed that 30 provinces involved in collaboration. Among them Tehran province has the most collaboration with others and Khoozestan and Esfahan provinces are in next ranks respectively. The results show that the number of co-publication of university and industry, is so low and is limited to the specified universities and industries. Because of the importance of co-publication as a tool to commercialize university knowledge and improving targets of knowledge- based economy, the research policies should be adopting in the way that increase the publication of university and industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The effect of work ethic and job identity on job involvement in staffs at University of Kashan (research in university: strategy for industry)
hamid rahimiThe purpose of this research was the effect of work ethic and job identity on job involvement in staffs at University of Kashan. Research type is descriptive correlative. The statistical population consisted all of staffs' in University of Kashan (N=547) that by Cochran MoreThe purpose of this research was the effect of work ethic and job identity on job involvement in staffs at University of Kashan. Research type is descriptive correlative. The statistical population consisted all of staffs' in University of Kashan (N=547) that by Cochran Formula and simple randomized sampling 242 ones were chosen as sample. To gathering data’s used from three questionnaire work ethic in four components with 23 items, job identity in five component with 15 items and job involvement with 10 items in terms. Questionnaires content & construction validity confirmed. Through Cronbach alpha coefficient, reliability coefficients were obtained equal to 0.73 for work ethic, 0.82 for job identity and 0.83 for job involvement. Data analyses done in two level descriptive & inferential statistics through Spss & Amos software’s. Finding showed mean of work ethic, job identity and job involvement were upper than average. Correlation coefficient showed work ethic components on job involvement have positive & significant effect but job identity components on job involvement have positive & no significant effect. Regression coefficient revealed only work ethic could predict job involvement in staffs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Identification and assessment of HPWS practices in the Iranian Banking Industry
mehrdad estiri mahdi sharifiThis paper aims to identify and assess HPWS practices in the Iranian banking industry. This study used a combination of quantitative and qualitative data of this approach in banking industry's efforts to review and evaluate. In order to answer the study questions, this MoreThis paper aims to identify and assess HPWS practices in the Iranian banking industry. This study used a combination of quantitative and qualitative data of this approach in banking industry's efforts to review and evaluate. In order to answer the study questions, this study was conducted in two stages. In the first phase, Using Banking Human resource management expert’s opinions, HPWS practices in Iranian banking industry recognized. In the second phase, based on a quantitative survey, the impact of high performance work systems in the research case study (Mellat Bank) has been asses. The results show that the high performance work systems, includes: training, recruitment selection, performance-based pay, career development, performance appraisal, teamwork and decentralized decision-making, quality jobs and effective supervision. Indeed, other results revealed that the impact of these practices are classified in three areas: Ability, Motivation, and Opportunity to participate of employees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Driving and restraining forces technological collaboration between large and small technology based firms
shaban elahi Arman khaledi mahdi majidpour reza asadifardWith regard to the competitive environment of the business over the past few decades, companies have been innovative to maintain their vitality and position in the business environment. However, since the innovation does not occur in isolation, companies are collaborati MoreWith regard to the competitive environment of the business over the past few decades, companies have been innovative to maintain their vitality and position in the business environment. However, since the innovation does not occur in isolation, companies are collaborating with each other to create innovation and technology. Meanwhile, the intensity of technological collaboration between large and small technology based firms is greater in term of their different characteristics, as well as their access to complementary resources. The technological collaboration between companies is a complex and challenging subject, which different factors influencing its formation and success. Therefore, identifying the factors (Driving and restraining forces) affecting technological collaboration and pay attention to them in the process of interaction between large and small technology based firms can help to succeed. for this purpose, using a systematic literature review and searching the "web of Knowledge" database, 1488 articles about technological collaboration were extracted which after evaluating them,57 of them were identified as valid and related articles. In the following, using meta-synthesis methods to analyze and coding the selected articles. The results of coding and their composition suggest that, in total, the factors (Driving and restraining forces) affecting the technological collaboration between large and small technology based firms can be categorized as six dimensions: strategic, organizational features, legal and institutional infrastructures, technology and industry, relational. It is worth noting that in the article, in addition to the fact that all the factors influencing technological collaboration are identified comprehensively, the type and condition of the influence of factors (Driving forces and Restraining forces) are also discussed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Effect of collaborative culture and knowledge sharing on the information systems ambidexterity and innovation ambidexterity in small and medium enterprises
Shahram Khalil NezhadToday, the success of many companies in a turbulent environment is an improvement in the access and processing of information to develop the capabilities of innovation. In the meantime, knowledge sharing activities and culture have a special and important role that can MoreToday, the success of many companies in a turbulent environment is an improvement in the access and processing of information to develop the capabilities of innovation. In the meantime, knowledge sharing activities and culture have a special and important role that can have an impact on innovation. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of collaborative culture and knowledge sharing on the information systems and innovation ambidexterity in small and medium enterprises. The philosophy of the research is positivism, the approach is deductive, and the strategy is surveying. Therefore, after reviewing the literature and designing the conceptual model, a questionnaire consisted of 29 questions presented to a sample of 322 SMEs staff and managers. Then, the data were gathered and analyzed by AMOS software through correlation matrix, structural equation model and fitness test. The results indicate the knowledge sharing and the collaborative culture impact on the information systems ambidexterity and innovation ambidexterity. On the other hand, it became clear that the collaborative culture also affects knowledge sharing behavior. In addition, the effect of information systems ambidexterity on the innovation ambidexterity was also confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Analysis of employment status of graduates of the social sciences: "Case study: graduates of Kashan University of Sciences
Fatemeh Mansourian RavandiThe issue of employment of graduates in recent years in Iran is considered as one of the economic, social and cultural challenges and is among the most important threats to security and national and human development. In the meantime, the social sciences, while expandin MoreThe issue of employment of graduates in recent years in Iran is considered as one of the economic, social and cultural challenges and is among the most important threats to security and national and human development. In the meantime, the social sciences, while expanding at night and night universities, have higher unemployment rates than other disciplines. Therefore, the present study aimed at identifying the fields of employment and unemployment of graduates of this field, studied 12 of these graduates using a deep interview and a thorough analysis of the findings of these interviews. The findings reveal the discovery of interpretive codes of educational, political, managerial, individual, and socio-cultural backgrounds, which, while creating the unemployment scene of the graduates of this field, were also related to the functioning of the educational system. Negative assessments of the employment status of higher education graduates indicate that there is a lack of appropriate structural planning for linking the economic situation and the courses offered at universities, and the graduates have emphasized the need for the establishment of regular communication methods between higher education and the labor market. . Also, the findings of a quantitative research project that is ongoing at the same time - this research has surveyed 335 graduates from the years of 2007-2013 in a stratified sampling method - these findings And finally, the attraction of graduates of universities and higher education institutions of the country in the labor market depends on the abilities and characteristics that part of them should be created during the period of studies, therefore, it is expected to review As well as reforms in various educational dimensions, including goals, educational programs, curriculum content and TED practices, linked to job needs to be done by the University. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - embedding a tree in a point set with minimum lenght
parya noorbakhshIn the geometric graph embedding problem, a graph with n vertices and a set of n points in the plane are given and we want to find a one to one mapping of f between vertices of the graph to these points. The embedding f assigns a length to each edge (u,v) of E, equal MoreIn the geometric graph embedding problem, a graph with n vertices and a set of n points in the plane are given and we want to find a one to one mapping of f between vertices of the graph to these points. The embedding f assigns a length to each edge (u,v) of E, equal to the )Euclidean( distance between f(u) and f(v) in the plane. We wish to find an embedding of minimum length, where the total length is some of the lengths of the edges of E. This is an NP-hard problem since the traveling salesman problem is one special case of it. In this paper, we present some greedy heuristics algorithm and some heuristics algorithm with respect to the Traveling salesman problem (TSP) for embedding a free tree onto a point set on the plane with minimum total edge length. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Training MLP Neural Network in Images Compression by GSA Method
maryam dehbashian hamid zahiriImage compression is one of the important research fields in image processing. Up to now, different methods are presented for image compression. Neural network is one of these methods that has represented its good performance in many applications. The usual method in tr MoreImage compression is one of the important research fields in image processing. Up to now, different methods are presented for image compression. Neural network is one of these methods that has represented its good performance in many applications. The usual method in training of neural networks is error back propagation method that its drawbacks are late convergence and stopping in points of local optimum. Lately, researchers apply heuristic algorithms in training of neural networks. This paper introduces a new training method based on the Gravitational Search Algorithm. Gravitational Search Algorithm is the latest and newest version of swarm intelligence optimization approaches. In this algorithm, the candidate answers in search space are masses that interact with each other by gravitational force and change their positions. Gently, the masses with better fitness obtain more mass and effect on other masses more. In this research, an MLP neural network by GSA method is trained for images compression. In order to efficiency evaluation of the presented compressor, we have compared its performance toward PSO and error back propagation methods in compression of four standard images. The final results show salient capability of the proposed method in training of MLP neural networks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Survey different aspects of the problem phishing website detection and Review to existing Methods
nafise langariOne of the latest security threats in cyberspace to steal personal and financial information is created by phisher. Due to there Are various methods to detect phishing and also there is not an up-date comprehensive study on the issue, the authors Motivated to review and MoreOne of the latest security threats in cyberspace to steal personal and financial information is created by phisher. Due to there Are various methods to detect phishing and also there is not an up-date comprehensive study on the issue, the authors Motivated to review and analysis the proposed phishing detection methods in five categories such as: anti-phishing tools Based, data mining based, heuristic based, meta-heuristic based and machine learning based methods. The advantages and Disadvantages of each method are extracted from the current review and comparison. The outlines of this study can be suitable to identify the probability gaps in phishing detection problems for feature researches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The prediction of marital satisfaction of men and women based on variables of approach motives, avoidance motives of sacrifice and sacrificing behaviors
Tofigh Alboghubish Reza KhojasteMehr Zabihollah AbasPourMarital satisfaction is one of the factors that result in satisfaction and happiness in life. Identifying variables that affect marital satisfaction is very helpful and necessary to maintain a marriage. Studies show that sacrificing motivation and behaviors can affect m MoreMarital satisfaction is one of the factors that result in satisfaction and happiness in life. Identifying variables that affect marital satisfaction is very helpful and necessary to maintain a marriage. Studies show that sacrificing motivation and behaviors can affect marital satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to predict the marital satisfaction of men and women based on the variables of approach motivates, avoidance motives of sacrifice and sacrificing behaviors of Ahwaz women and men. In order to achieve this goal, 300 couples were selected using the available non-random sampling method. The questionnaires included perception of sacrifice measure (PSM), Decent sacrificing motives (SM), and Relationship Scale (RAS) Completed. The design of this research was descriptive and correlational. In this research, the researcher seeks to study simple and step-by-step relationships between predictor variables with criterion variables. The results showed that in the male sample, among the predictor variables, the variables of sacrificing behaviors and avoidance motives of sacrifice can to predict marital satisfaction, and also in the female sample, among the predictor variables, the variables of sacrificing behaviors, and the approaches motivates can to predict marital satisfaction. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that a group of variables in men such as sacrificing behaviors and avoidance motives of sacrifice have a more decisive role in predicting marital satisfaction, and also in women, a range of variables such as sacrificing behaviors and approaches motives has a more decisive and important role in predicting marital satisfaction. Identifying and working on these variables will have an important role in marital satisfaction and family relationships. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Investigating the barriers perceived by small and medium industries (SMEs) in technological cooperation with universities
syamak nouri yazdan moradiThe development of the relationship between academia and small and medium-sized industries (SMEs) has recently attracted the attention of policymakers due to its positive consequences in the economic and social fields, and efforts have been made to establish an effectiv MoreThe development of the relationship between academia and small and medium-sized industries (SMEs) has recently attracted the attention of policymakers due to its positive consequences in the economic and social fields, and efforts have been made to establish an effective link between the two. Despite these efforts, the current state of this relationship does not seem to be favorable, so the present study examines the perceived barriers in this area. For this purpose, after reviewing the literature and identifying some of these obstacles, a questionnaire was designed and distributed among craftsmen / entrepreneurs participating in the "20th National Congress of Government, University and Industry Cooperation for National Development" to highlight the importance of each of these barriers in creating Identify effective collaboration between universities and SMEs from their perspective. Also, the research was completed by conducting in-depth interviews with 10 experts active in this field and analyzing the interviews while achieving theoretical saturation and stopping the interviews. Findings show that the lack of supportive structure and intermediary institutions, differences in views and cultural barriers, as well as barriers related to administrative processes and administrative and educational mechanisms in the university are the most important barriers to the development of technological cooperation between universities and SMEs, respectively. Also, SPSS software was used to analyze the data and Friedman analysis of variance was used to compare the barriers to cooperation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Measuring motivation and job satisfaction in industry and the role of government and university in their improvement
naser shams farnaz kazempourImproving staff motivation in any working area has direct effect on productivity improvement. To achieve this important goal, identification and measurement of factors in promoting motivation is highly important and can help managers in achieving the organization goals. MoreImproving staff motivation in any working area has direct effect on productivity improvement. To achieve this important goal, identification and measurement of factors in promoting motivation is highly important and can help managers in achieving the organization goals. Considering the importance of motivation and job satisfaction, this paper intends to design and develop the indicators to measure motivation and job satisfaction in a specific industry based on the Herzberg theory. By applying fuzzy method and calculating and analysing the indices, guidelines for staff improvement in the industry by Government and university will be provided. The results show that the application of designed indicators will enhance motivation and increase job satisfaction in the studied industry Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - بررسي موانع همكاري صنعت و دانشگاه و معرفي يك نمونه‌ی موفق در ايران
Mohammad kabiri karim miralikhani hooshang aliverdilou -
Open Access Article
17 - بررسی جامعه‌شناختی تأثيرات تكنولوژي بر نیروی كار
hedayatollah jamalipour gholamreza moghadam -
Open Access Article
18 - Training of MLP neural network in image compression using GSA method
maryam dehbashian hamid zahiriOne of the important research areas in image processing is image compression. Until now, various methods for image compression have been presented, among which neural networks have attracted many audiences. The most common training method of neural networks is the error MoreOne of the important research areas in image processing is image compression. Until now, various methods for image compression have been presented, among which neural networks have attracted many audiences. The most common training method of neural networks is the error backpropagation method, which converges and stops at local optima are considered one of its most important weaknesses. The researchers' new approach is to use innovative algorithms in the process of training neural networks. In this article, a new educational method based on gravity search method (GSA) is introduced. The gravity search method is the latest and newest version of all types of collective intelligence search and optimization methods. In this method, the candidate answers in the search space are objects that are affected by the force of gravity and their positions change. Gradually, objects with better fit have more mass and have a greater effect on other objects. In this research, an MLP neural network is trained for image compression using the GSA algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Evaluation of the Efficiency of Tallens, Polysaccharides and microbial Methods in Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
One of the important aspects of nanotechnology application is expanding sustainable and eco-friendly procedures for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Therefore, the green synthesis methods become customary for synthesis of nanoparticles. In this research, green polys MoreOne of the important aspects of nanotechnology application is expanding sustainable and eco-friendly procedures for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Therefore, the green synthesis methods become customary for synthesis of nanoparticles. In this research, green polysaccharide methods, modified polysaccharide, tollens and microbial methods were investigated. In polysaccharide and tollens methods, starch and β-D glucose were used as a satabilizer and reducer respectively. In biological method biomass and cell filtrate of the Fusarium oxysporum fungus were used for synthesis of nanoparticles. SEM images and UV-visible absorbtion spectra of these procedures showed that the polysaccharide method produced smaller silver nanoparticles (20 nm), more resistance (2 months) and higher efficiency. Also, TEM imageindicated that the shapes of these particles are spherical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Working Memory in Healthy Young Adults
Nima ganji Roza Rashedi نگار کریمی پروانه فرهاد بیگی Ali Akbar Soleimani Azam Noferesti Mohammad Hossein Abdollahi Fatemeh Moin Al-GhorabaeiIntroduction: Working memory is one of the fundamental cognitive ability that helps us perform complex mental processes but has limited capacity. Scientists are looking for ways to increase working memory capacity. Numerous studies have shown the effect of direct transc MoreIntroduction: Working memory is one of the fundamental cognitive ability that helps us perform complex mental processes but has limited capacity. Scientists are looking for ways to increase working memory capacity. Numerous studies have shown the effect of direct transcranial stimulation (tDCS) on various aspects of performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation on working memory function in healthy individuals. Methods: In this study, the effect of three-session of anodal tDCS stimulation period with an intensity of 2 mA in the lateral posterior anterior cortex on the working memory function of healthy individuals in two experimental and control random groups was investigated using N-Beck test. Results: The results showed that the subjects in the experimental group after three sessions of direct transcranial stimulation, presented a higher number of correct answers (p= 0.00) in less response time (p=0.00) in n-back task compare to their performance before the tDCS sessions. Subjects didn’t show significant difference through the same analysis which was performed in the control group. Conclusion: According to the n-back task results, before and after tDCS 3-session intervention, anodal transcranial stimulation on dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) improves the performance of healthy subjects in the experimental group and tDCS neuromodulation could be an alternative way to improve cognition abilities like working memory among of healthy people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Dust and Environmental Security Case Study: Southwest Asia
Ataollah Abdi hassan kamran Qiuomars Yazdanpanah Dero Farzad JokarAbstract Southwest Asia has witnessed widespread developments in recent years across the countries. These developments take place in a range of political, security, geopolitical, and social events. One of the most important events in this region is the dust phenomenon MoreAbstract Southwest Asia has witnessed widespread developments in recent years across the countries. These developments take place in a range of political, security, geopolitical, and social events. One of the most important events in this region is the dust phenomenon that has affected the lives of people in countries like Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait over the last few years. One of the characteristics of this natural phenomenon is its transboundary nature, and this feature has given it a geopolitical nature. Therefore, any action in this regard will depend on multilateral cooperation among the countries involved. Also, the reliance of some countries (the upper hand in its sources of water and its sources) has added to theories of commonly used forms related to how resources are accessed (water) and its management has added to the ambiguity of the case. But the other problem is that the countries involved in this issue are politically affected by ideological, religious, political and social conflicts, which have somewhat tense relations. Therefore, the present article seeks to investigate the fact that the natural phenomenon is round What will be the consequences of dust as a geopolitical issue for relations between the countries of the region. This article is descriptive-analytical and the tool for collecting information is a type of library study. The results of the surveys indicate that despite the domestic problems and issues concerning relations between the countries of the region, the pressure of public opinion and endangering the quality of life among affected peoples have led them to two or multilateral cooperation At least in this particular issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Persian Turquoise mining at Neyshabur mine in historical times
bahareh osanlou Zahra HashemiDehaghi Seyedeh Mahya SeyedanPersian turquoise is well known in the world from ancient times. At least from 7000 years ago, turquoise was extracted from Neyshabur mine in NE of Iran. Gradually, the turquoise mining at Neyshabur mine extended and by the use of some instruments suitable for breaking MorePersian turquoise is well known in the world from ancient times. At least from 7000 years ago, turquoise was extracted from Neyshabur mine in NE of Iran. Gradually, the turquoise mining at Neyshabur mine extended and by the use of some instruments suitable for breaking the rocks and making tunnels following the veins continued. In several references, picks and crowbars are mentioned for mining instruments. In 1850’s the gunpowder was used for the first time in the mines and increased the mining speed but in despite, by lessening the size of extracted Turquoises decreased its value, dramatically. Up to the end of Safavid dynasty, the mines were extracted under the supervision of the government and the mines were stable enough to extend the mining activity but by powering the Qajar dynasty, the mines were extracted by local governments as well as individual persons lacking the science of mining resulted in destroying the mines. As a consequence, at the end of the Qajar dynasty, almost all the mines were totally filled by water and rocks and Persian Turquoise lost its position in world markets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Obstacles to developing Iran’s Cultural strategy in geo-culture of the Islamic world (Case Study: Saudi Arabia)
MohammadIn the Contemporary era, world of Islam is faced with violence, instability and suppression of freedom. Saudi Arabia plays a very important role in maintaining these conditions. Saudi prevents the spread of Iranian cultural strategies in the Muslim world. Therefore, the MoreIn the Contemporary era, world of Islam is faced with violence, instability and suppression of freedom. Saudi Arabia plays a very important role in maintaining these conditions. Saudi prevents the spread of Iranian cultural strategies in the Muslim world. Therefore, the question arises why the Saudis are trying to prevent the spread of Iran cultural policies in geo-culture of the Islamic world? Many to answer the question highlight the differences between Shia and Sunni. But we will prove that Iran's cultural strategies arising from its role as Umm al-Qura and based on this role, Iran wants to change the status quo the Muslim world. So, one of the main duties of Iran is supporting of all the Muslims to create unity in geo-culture of the Islamic world. For this reason Saudi Arabia is trying to prevent the unity of the Islamic world through actions such as the spread of Wahhabism and Iran phobia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Performance Improvement of Hotel Industry through HPWS: Mediating Role of Learning Orientation, Employee Flexibility and Organizational Ambidexterity
iman hakimion organizational performance. Nevertheless, the neglect of the capacity of the mediating variables between this connection is still evident. So, the purpose of this study is to explore the mediating role of learning orientation, employee flexibility and organizational Moreon organizational performance. Nevertheless, the neglect of the capacity of the mediating variables between this connection is still evident. So, the purpose of this study is to explore the mediating role of learning orientation, employee flexibility and organizational ambidexterity capabilities in the above relationship. The data were analyzed using standard questionnaires using PLS software. The results of a survey of CEO and HR managers of 66 three star hotels and higher in Tehran showed that HPWS with impact on learning orientation, human resource flexibility and organizational ambidexterity development, play a significant role in improving the performance of the studied companies in the hotel industry. In fact, it can be argued that constructs of organizational learning, human resource flexibility and organizational ambidexterity play a complete mediating role between HPWS and performance of the studied hotels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Experience of university cooperation with industry in the USA
Mostafa AminiUniversity-industry cooperation is a global challenge and countries have tried to solve this challenge in various ways. Therefore, the study of global experiences can guide the country in choosing the right path of university cooperation with industry. The United States MoreUniversity-industry cooperation is a global challenge and countries have tried to solve this challenge in various ways. Therefore, the study of global experiences can guide the country in choosing the right path of university cooperation with industry. The United States is one of the countries that has tried to solve this challenge by advancing strategies and improving the university-industry relationship. Important steps by the United States to increase cooperation between academia and industry include the passage of the Bayh-Dole Act, the Technology Transfer Act, the allocation of tax exemptions for research and development at the university, the reduction of the federal budget and the establishment of intermediaries for its allocation and unlimited royalties. It is an invention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Thyroid glands: diseases and laboratory diagnosis in small animals
Maedeh Ghari Niloufar Abedi Mohammad HeidarpourThyroid diseases are among the most common endocrine disorders in small animals. Hypothyroidism is a common disease in dogs, but spontaneous hypothyroidism is very rare in adult cats. Hyperthyroidism is one of the most common diseases of cats and is uncommon in dogs. Hy MoreThyroid diseases are among the most common endocrine disorders in small animals. Hypothyroidism is a common disease in dogs, but spontaneous hypothyroidism is very rare in adult cats. Hyperthyroidism is one of the most common diseases of cats and is uncommon in dogs. Hypothyroidism is primarily a disease of middle aged to old dogs with clinical signs including weight gain to obesity, lethargy, dull haircoat, cold intolerance detected as heat-seeking behavior, decreased libido, reproductive failure, alopecia with no pruritus, and hyperpigmentation in areas of alopecia. Laboratory abnormalities may include mild anemia, increased liver enzymes and increases in muscle enzymes (CPK). Hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipidemia occurs in a majority of cases. Hypercholesterolemia is seen in approximately 80% of hypothyroid dogs and a serum cholesterol concentration greater than 500 mg/dL is very suggestive of hypothyroidism. Basal concentration of total T4 should be the initial endocrine diagnostic test utilized when hypothyroidism is suspected. However, approximately 20% of dogs without hypothyroidism may also have decreased TT4. In addition, total T4 may be in the normal range in about 10% of dogs with hypothyroidism. Therefore, it is important to measure other endocrine tests (free T4 and TSH concentrations). The challenging cases may require more intensive diagnostic procedures such as repeat testing in 4 weeks and/or stimulation tests (TSH or TRH). Hyperthyroidism is the most common endocrine disease of cats. Hyperactivity, weight loss, and polyphagia in a middle aged to old cat are the most frequent clinical problems. Increase in one or more liver enzymes, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia and erythrocytosis are the most consistent lab abnormalities of the hyperthyroid cats. If a cat has some of the physical and clinical laboratory abnormalities characteristic of hyperthyroidism, and an increased TT4 concentration, it is diagnostic of hyperthyroidism and fT4 or any additional tests are not needed. When faced with conflicting clinical signs and lab data while trying to confirm a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, other endocrine tests such as repeating total T4 in 1-2 weeks, free T4 concentration, T3 suppression test and/or stimulation tests (TSH or TRH) should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Reviewing and evaluating the resolutions of the 21st National Congress in the direction of tripartite cooperation between the government, academia and industry
mohammadreza salehi masoud shafieeThe National Congress of Government, University and Industry for National Development in recent years, with the cooperation of elites and experts from scientific, research and industrial centers, has been able to continuously provide useful solutions over time. Suggesti MoreThe National Congress of Government, University and Industry for National Development in recent years, with the cooperation of elites and experts from scientific, research and industrial centers, has been able to continuously provide useful solutions over time. Suggestions such as: "Creating an integrated industrial information and scientific system in the country's industry for access to timely information of industry and academia, creating and equipping laboratories Specialized national in order to provide optimal services to universities and industry, formulate a national research strategy and set priorities and improve the country's research management, modify and review the programs and educational chapters of universities, in accordance with modern technologies , Cooperation of government and executive organizations, universities and research institutes and industry to draw and formulate the national innovation system of the country, expansion of communication and scientific, technical and research cooperation with competent international institutions with systematic focus on efficient domestic forces and review Development of technology, homogeneous networking of industrial and research units, creation of software and brain infrastructure of government, university and industry communication in all provincial centers, using the experiences of other countries and university centers in the relationship between industry and university, especially Industrial and developed countries, setting up industry and business clinics in the provinces in cooperation with universities and industries to "One of the models of university-industry cooperation, strengthening the role of private sector institutions in the cycle of science and industry and research and technology activities", and many other things that could undoubtedly and can continue to be in the relationship between industry and academia Be path-breaking Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Perceived ethical climate in organization: the concepts and classifications
While there are numerous organizations including moral climate, important for most organizations was perceived ethical climate and ethical behavior is affected employees. Human resources in today's world, the best competitive advantage of the company and any man more th MoreWhile there are numerous organizations including moral climate, important for most organizations was perceived ethical climate and ethical behavior is affected employees. Human resources in today's world, the best competitive advantage of the company and any man more than any other time, the theory of organization and management has become important. Human resources as much as it can help organizations compete, can also be a major obstacle in the way of organization. The research method is analytical and data collection for the library. In this study attempted to perceived ethical climate models and concepts are examined from the perspective of different theorists. Among several categories about perceived ethical climate, Victor and Cullen ethical climate theory, Vidaver and Cohen ethical climate continuum theory, the Webber theory of ethical climate and Arnaud the theory of moral decision-making processes in this study were investigated Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Prediction of procrastination Based on patience Virtue with Meditating of Achievement Goals Components Among university Students
The goal of this study was to investigate relationship between patience components and procrastination with the mediating role of achievement goals components among university students. To this extent, 260 students (150 male and 110 female) were selected using random cl MoreThe goal of this study was to investigate relationship between patience components and procrastination with the mediating role of achievement goals components among university students. To this extent, 260 students (150 male and 110 female) were selected using random cluster sampling and patience components Questionnaire, goal orientation Questionnaire and procrastination scale responded. Structural equation modeling(SEM) was used evaluate path analysis of observable variables. The results of path analysis indicated that between patience components , patience, transcendence, consent and persistence components negatively have anticipate procrastination. Moreover learning played a mediating role in the relationship between procrastination and patience components. According to the present research's results, its offered to use patience workshops for reduced procrastination in learners Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Investigate the impact of Auditors ethical on the discovery of manipulated financial data
Flexibility in accounting an opportunity for the company that through the manipulation of financial information، have some abuses to cover their actual financial swing. Therefore، the aim of this study is investigate the impact of Auditors ethical on the discovery of ma MoreFlexibility in accounting an opportunity for the company that through the manipulation of financial information، have some abuses to cover their actual financial swing. Therefore، the aim of this study is investigate the impact of Auditors ethical on the discovery of manipulated financial data. For this purpose the indicators information of independence، integrity، impartiality and ethical rules on how the ethics of auditors، by means of questionnaires from the auditors and CPAs were collected and analyzed. Inferential tests results of mean and confirmatory factor analysis of structural equation showed that Auditor's ability to detect manipulated of financial information is impacted by Ethical rules of auditing، independence، impartiality and integrity and ethical aspects of the audit considerably. So that the integrity and impartiality of auditors were determined as the most important factor discovered by manipulating financial data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - United Nations Sanctions Against the International Criminal Court Cooperation: The Impact of Ethical Principles Caused by Human Rights
Mohammad seyed ghasem zamani hasan savari mahdi hadavandThe Security Council has, since 1966, exercised its authority to impose international sanctions and in response to the threat to international peace and security, has imposed 26 sanctions regimes against 21 countries, as well as organizations, terrorist organizations an MoreThe Security Council has, since 1966, exercised its authority to impose international sanctions and in response to the threat to international peace and security, has imposed 26 sanctions regimes against 21 countries, as well as organizations, terrorist organizations and groups. Currently, 13 regimes from the 26 regimes in the areas of hostilities, nuclear proliferation and terrorism are still active. Each regime is run by a sanctions committee headed by a non-permanent member of the Security Council. The author examines the regime of terrorist sanctions, which is generally linked to justice and ethical rules derived from human rights doctrines. The moral mechanisms behind international criminal justice and the United Nations terrorist sanctions regime are tightly intertwined, to a point where friction sometimes occurs. The coordinated relationship between them is in the interest of both institutions and is in line with their goals. According to the author, for this purpose, it is necessary to take several steps. The proposal to establish a Security Council subcommittee with a special mission "Review Mutual Reciprocal Institutions" along with observance of the ethical rules derived from human rights doctrines is in this regard Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Investigating the role of university-industry cooperation in the development of countries with a look at global policies and trade
masoud shafiee hajar safaheihScientific, industrial, economic and social growth and development has always been considered as the most important concern of policy makers in all societies and in the present era, achieving this development is one of the major goals of any country. One of the most wel MoreScientific, industrial, economic and social growth and development has always been considered as the most important concern of policy makers in all societies and in the present era, achieving this development is one of the major goals of any country. One of the most well-known factors influencing societies in achieving promotion and development is the bilateral cooperation between universities and industries, so that without a proper link between these institutions, the desired development of a society far from imaginable will be. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of this type of cooperation in the development of countries and also to identify and compare the policies, strategies and global experiences of a number of leading countries such as the United States, Britain, Japan and Turkey in this regard. This research was conducted using the library method and content analysis approach, and at the end, solutions for fruitful models to promote university-industry cooperation in the country are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Ranking Knowledge Based Companies in Incubators by EFQM Indicators
Meysam Jafari Eskandari Alireza Ali Ahmadi Gholamhosein Khaleghi Mohammad Hasan KamfirouzyToday performance evaluation is counted as one of the important and major process in organizations. Companies allocate some resources annually for this work. Performance evaluation in strategic planning process plays a key role, first: for environmental analysis and sec MoreToday performance evaluation is counted as one of the important and major process in organizations. Companies allocate some resources annually for this work. Performance evaluation in strategic planning process plays a key role, first: for environmental analysis and second: as feedback at the end of plan for correction. In this paper we decide to rank some knowledge based companies in one of the incubators based on EFQM indicators. This will be done by multi criteria decision making (MCDM) methods. The purposed method can deal with uncertainty well. Besides, using Game theory will make this model more flexible. Based on this, we try to control the environmental uncertainty with use of Grey time series and cooperative games and based on Frequentist school approach. Therefore we gathered expert's opinion at six time periods based on three parameter interval Grey numbers and we obtained the parameters of decision table within weighting to every time period by cooperative games. The used criteria are the criteria which are introduced in EFQM model. Then we rank companies with implementation of combination of Bulls-eye weighting method and Grey-numerical taxonomy method. In this ranking, companies, No. 1, 3 and 2 gained first, second and third rank by order which their Fi were 0.389, 0.463 and 0.523 by order. Also results of social and processes are known as the vital criteria by weights 0.161 and 0.153 orderly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Organizational Commitment in Knowledge base Startup Companies: the Team Coherence and Business Survival Factor in the Competitive Environment
Mehrdad ShafieiTurn of the third millennium, the role of human resources so highlighted that some referred to as the only source of sustainable competitive advantage. This is especially true as more and more in knowledge based businesses. For a start up company, human capital is the m MoreTurn of the third millennium, the role of human resources so highlighted that some referred to as the only source of sustainable competitive advantage. This is especially true as more and more in knowledge based businesses. For a start up company, human capital is the most important. The quality of this investment is more, probability of survival, success, and promotion of the business will more. In today's highly competitive and changing environment, creative and innovative human resource can help to achieve a competitive advantage. Organizations need to become learning and dynamic organizations. So their employees can develop the ability to adapt to changes in competition fields. Commitment, in brief is a person's inner feelings and attitudes towards the organization that influences on performance, judgment and loyalty towards the organization. As a result of continuous study and research on the factors of organizational commitment essential ingredients, managers can reconstruct, rehabilitate and restore of positive behaviors and organizational commitment or modify or eliminate damaging parts of this phenomenon.One of the concepts that can be used for analysis of entrepreneur team durability and the business survival is organizational commitment. In this article we attempt to discussed about the role of organizational commitment in possibility of work team integrity in the early stages of forming a business, based on a comparative study and by combining the concepts of organizational commitment and human resources in startup businesses.The purpose of this paper is to establish a correspondence between the importance of human resources in start-ups and their role in business survival and functions of organizational commitment in fulfilling these requirements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Technological Collaboration :Key Concepts and Success Factors
Reza AnsariIn today's world, especially after the development of open innovation paradigm, technological collaboration is the most important sources of innovation. Because, in the new competitive environment, organizations are in need sources of innovation and the current competi MoreIn today's world, especially after the development of open innovation paradigm, technological collaboration is the most important sources of innovation. Because, in the new competitive environment, organizations are in need sources of innovation and the current competitive advantages and internal resources are not sufficient for competitiveness. So technological collaboration is an effective tool for developing competitive advantage and eliminate the gap between current and desired capabilities. This makes the technological collaboration as an engine of growth and productivity in local and international markets and also as one of the most important management tools for improving the competitiveness of organizations and strategic maneuvers in complex and dynamic environments. In recent years, collaboration has been expanded so that five hundred first-class international business, has more than sixty percent of strategic alliances. These collaborations are not necessarily always successful and failure rate has been reported seventy to eighty percent. These failures led to the scientific experts efforts for finding solutions of increase the effectiveness of collaborations, Appropriate methods of collaboration, Reduce the risks of collaboration and identifying Success Factors. In this paper is attempted after literature review, success Factors of technological collaboration is introduced. Understanding these factors provide useful insight for managers and policy makers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - A Review Of "The Support Of SMEs Development Plan", And Some Defects Of the Execution
Davood Vahdat alireza dadashiA considerable percent of our population who can work, are obviously or hiddenly unemployed. What is the solution? Different countries have chosen different ways to solve this problem. Such as: the use of potential ability of society and economy, support of Small and Me MoreA considerable percent of our population who can work, are obviously or hiddenly unemployed. What is the solution? Different countries have chosen different ways to solve this problem. Such as: the use of potential ability of society and economy, support of Small and Medium size Enterprises (SMEs) , unemployment insurance, aid small producers by buying their products and help them to establish and launch services and manufacturing units that require less capital, and pay for new ideas to help those who have the ability to think, but are not able to produce or to do a service.What has been chosen as the solution by ninth government, In Iran since 2005, was development of SMEs and support them more, inorder to expand the dominance of their activities with the purpose of reducing unemployment. experts have presented several opposite and agree comments regarding the success or failure possible. Because this project is located in the beginning of path , these comments comes from the relative experts knowledge of the experiment of other countries. Our porpuse is to describe this type of firms and then we assess the results of this kind of supports and eventually the defects and weaknesses of performance. The relevant literature will review. Eventually, the future developments and strengthen the legal and financial infrastructure in Iran could lead to considerable Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Perspectives of Innovation Management In Networks
Fatemeh AbdiNetworks of collaborative relationships among firms are an important form of organization with innovative activities. Especially in innovative and technology intensive industries, firms increasingly realize that, in order to tap into new technologies and know- how, inte MoreNetworks of collaborative relationships among firms are an important form of organization with innovative activities. Especially in innovative and technology intensive industries, firms increasingly realize that, in order to tap into new technologies and know- how, internal development needs to be complemented with strategic collaborations. Strategic networks potentially: - Provide firms with (a) access to information, resources, markets, and technologies, and (b) advantages from learning, scale, and scope economies; - Allow firms to achieve strategic objectives such as sharing risks and outsourcing value-chain stages and organizational functions. On the other hand, innovation which is the corner stone for any company to be sustainable is often identified as a key to inter-companies competitiveness and is promoted through various policy initiatives in many countries. Today, innovation is no longer carried out within individual companies, but often crosses borders in the form of innovation networks. But according to Damanpour, current developed theories which have been studied and suggested during three last decades, dont sufficiently clear and explain the innovative processes and suitable and required conditions for them to become successful. The changed operation settings in companies require a rethinking of appropriate approaches, that is the scope of this paper. In spite of great efforts of companies in managing innovation and connecting and communicating with supplier, partners and research institutions to do this management more properly, information and statistic data show that suitable and coherent approaches have not yet been established. Hence this paper addresses the existing perspectives for managing innovations in networks and their value for practitioners. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Globalization of Higher Education; Various Dimensions
Ahmadreza Akhvan Sarraf Maryam Nilforosh zadehGlobalization trend makes a transnational nature for scientific and technical capacities in the world and recognized as one of the main challenges of higher education in developing countries. This phenomenon by introducing a wide area in front of overseas education serv MoreGlobalization trend makes a transnational nature for scientific and technical capacities in the world and recognized as one of the main challenges of higher education in developing countries. This phenomenon by introducing a wide area in front of overseas education services, lead some developed countries toward direct foreign investment in education with the aim of scientific cooperation with other countries, improvement of manpower quality, access to skills in new places, students selection for internal universities, reduce costs, using a more liberal transaction and new investment environments. There are numerous stimulating factors to promote higher education over the world. One of these factors can be cited as the emergence of information communications technology. Geographical boundaries are eliminated by this technology so that applicants can achieve required education services from universities in another corner of the world. Thus globalization will be an opportunity only if the higher education units overcome their inefficiencies, otherwise the flood of globalization will attracts the applicants (students) and training providers (teachers and elite staff). This article reviews dimensions of higher education globalization focuses on continuously developments and changes of the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - A Study about Registration Level of Patent Offices in European Union, U.S.A and Iran
Shima sadat HashemiPATENT - the inventor`s right to use and exploit out of his thought and invention - is an economic right; i.e. it can be bought and sold. Since it is an intangible right and we have no physical possession on it. Since the inventor is the only and the first person who mu MorePATENT - the inventor`s right to use and exploit out of his thought and invention - is an economic right; i.e. it can be bought and sold. Since it is an intangible right and we have no physical possession on it. Since the inventor is the only and the first person who must benefit from his invention and prevent others from copying, the best way for protecting the inventor against competitors who wants to imitate the inventor`s invention is to register the invention in a governmental organization and give the actual inventor a PATENT. So patenting an invention - and other intangible properties - has an important role to prove property rights on it. The aim of this paper is to affiliate the inventors with patent offices, the steps of patenting, and the necessity of patenting their invention for protecting against competitors. More over, this paper aims to have a study about some patent registration systems in some countries including Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Multi-period Multi-level Supply Chain Network Design in Agile Manufacturing with Tabu Search Algorithm
elahe salari mohammadreza shahraki abdollah sharifiSupply chain network design includes key decisions that have a major impact on the supply chain operational structure. Efficient supply chain design improves performance in organizations. This has led to the emergence of new concepts in the supply chain issue in the pas MoreSupply chain network design includes key decisions that have a major impact on the supply chain operational structure. Efficient supply chain design improves performance in organizations. This has led to the emergence of new concepts in the supply chain issue in the past decade. In this study, the supply chain network design problem in agile organizations has been taken into account with multi-level and multi-period. This problem is considered under conditions of having multiple customers with a high demand volume. The decisions include the selection of companies at each level, the amount of production, storage and transportation of each company. The problem has been modeled to integrate all decision variables with the goal of minimizing overall operating costs across the entire supply chain and Satisfaction of customers' complete demand and Satisfaction with them. Since multi-period multi-level supply chain design problem solving is one of the NP-Hard issues in uncertainty conditions, it is better to use innovative and meta-algorithms to reduce problem solving time. For this reason, the algorithm for banning search algorithms, which is one of the meta-algorithms, has been used to solve the model. The results of this research show that as the number of problem-solving repetitions increases, answers with less than 3% of the difference between the optimal answer are achieved. The search algorithm is forbidden to get the optimal response compared to the Lagrange algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Designing an Appropriate Collaboration for the Relationship Between Two Partner Organizations Using the Analysis Hierarchical Process (AHP) Based on the BOCR Model
morteza abasi simin mohebbi ashtiani mohammad hossein karimi fatemeh saberianToday, as global competition in the business world grows, companies need to have a close relationship with their suppliers in order to survive and achieve reasonable profits. Researchers have recently examined some models for supplier selection, with less attention to t MoreToday, as global competition in the business world grows, companies need to have a close relationship with their suppliers in order to survive and achieve reasonable profits. Researchers have recently examined some models for supplier selection, with less attention to the determination of collaboration pattern with selected partners. Despite much research on the types of collaboration models, their features, requirements and achievements, providing a comprehensive and uppropriate model for selecting the most appropriate type of relationship between the two partner organizations has not been sufficiently considered. Generally, supplier-buyer collaboration patterns include outsourcing, strategic alliance, joint investment and ownership. The purpose of this research is to design a model that determines the appropriate collaboration model according to the product characteristics, business conditions and goals of the organization. The model uses profit, opportunity, cost and risk structure, which is a comprehensive and useful model for strategic decisions. In this research, the choice of collaboration model between two partner organizations is investigated in order to design radar components. By library study and interviewing with the experts of the Iranian Defense Industry Organization, the factors influencing the selection of the appropriate cooperation model for the relationship between the two partner organizations were identified and prioritized. A Hierarchical Analysis Process Model (AHP) is designed to prioritize the relevant criteria and sub-criteria. Pairwise comparisons were made according to the experts' opinion and the results were analyzed using SuperDisign software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - A Framework for Evaluating and Selecting a Strategic Supplier (Case Study: Yazd Alloy Steel Corporation)
Mohammad Ali Sangbor Fatemeh Javidi Karim Golmohammadi Rasoul AbbasiToday, due to increasing competition and dynamism of economy and business activities, adopting a strategic approach to supply chain management and supplier selection is undeniable necessity. Suppliers are one of the most vital parts of supply chain and supplier selectio MoreToday, due to increasing competition and dynamism of economy and business activities, adopting a strategic approach to supply chain management and supplier selection is undeniable necessity. Suppliers are one of the most vital parts of supply chain and supplier selection issues are complex issues that may have many qualitative and quantitative concerns. The presented frameworks in the previous research are unable to response dynamism strategic and provide an appropriate framework, in this study, strategic cooperation approaches and supplier selection criteria have combined. For this purpose, components of cooperation strategies and supplier selection criteria have been counted and based on quality function deployment approach, the relationship between them has been specified. Finally, using fuzzy TODIM method, strategic weight of criteria has been obtained. in this study, because of expert oriented data, the non-sampling method is used for gathering data. The statistical population consist of supply chain experts and managers of Yazd Alloy Steel corporation. For analyzing data, a the oretical sampling was used and a non-statistical sample including ten experts was selected. As a result, a strategic supplier selection framework and strategic weight of every component, were determined. The results of data analysis show that among the 20 criteria, five criteria including "product quality", "strategic planning", "History of suppliers", "risk prediction" and "R & D Management" are in the first to fifth priorities in terms of importance respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Developing a Model Based on the Applications of Organizationl Informational Portal in E-Commerce Corporate Workspace
Leila Malekpour AmirReza Konjkav Monfared Saeed Saeida ArdekaniConcerning the expanding online communication bandwidth and the importance of using enterprise portals and the attention to information management in organizations based on E-Commerce, in the orded to increase productivity and competitive power, effective and efficient MoreConcerning the expanding online communication bandwidth and the importance of using enterprise portals and the attention to information management in organizations based on E-Commerce, in the orded to increase productivity and competitive power, effective and efficient use of organizational information portals is essential. To this end, the purpose of this research is to identify and build a relationship using structural-interpretive modeling between the functions of an organization’s information portal to increase productivity in the online business workspace. This research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive terms of nature. For this purpose, in the first step, the dimensions of the model, theoretical literature, and interviewing with experts including professors and related specialists (management and IT) were identified. In the next step, a structural-interpretive modeling method was used in order to build a relationship between the dimensions and the model presentation. In this method, the research model was presented based on expert’s opinions and analysis. The research results illustrate the process of acquiring knowledge management through other identified functions of organizational information portals in the workspace, showing that communication with professionals leads to three dimensions of faster and more structured access to information as well as collaboration that will create integrated information. Finally, this knowledge management is formed through integrated information. Overall, the research showed that using organizational information portals and optimizing its applications at the company level can be achieved one of the most important components in the management of online business companies that is knowledge management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - An Analytical Study on Alternative Punishment for Juvenile Delinquency
Mehrnoosh AbouzariJuvenile delinquency is a form of declaration of incompatibility with the community and a sign of danger in the possibility of their survival in a criminal abduction. The main purpose of applying the guarantees of execution and punishment in dealing with juvenile delinq MoreJuvenile delinquency is a form of declaration of incompatibility with the community and a sign of danger in the possibility of their survival in a criminal abduction. The main purpose of applying the guarantees of execution and punishment in dealing with juvenile delinquency is to reform, educate and reconcile them and, above all, seek criminal justice measures to rehabilitate and prepare the person for returning to society. Therefore, it seems that the imprisonment and punishment of liberation cannot be effective in achieving these goals and that violent and violent attacks can lead to a proper and incorrect bias in their behavioral system. As a result, alternative prison sentences for juvenile offenses, influenced by the teachings of restorative justice, will be more than anything else. Penalties that are imposed by the court, with the participation of the public and civil society in the community, with regard to the offense of commission, the personality and criminal record of the offender, the frequency of committing the crime, the situation of the victim and the effects of the commission of the crime. Measures such as periods of care, residence, maintenance at the end of the week, electronic surveillance, free public services and advocacy institutions such as postponement of the sentence, quash, suspension of prosecution, file archiving, exemption from punishment, criminal mediation, suspension Penalties, the semi-liberation system and probation freedoms allow the offender to compensate for the mistake of committing and harming the community and feeling responsible and efficient in society. Although it should be noted that excessive punishment for substitute imprisonment, regardless of the family context, environment of the life and economic conditions of an adolescent, is a kind of abandonment of his insecure circumstances in his life that led him to delinquency and now again It is in this environment that may result in serious and persistent criminal offenses; in such cases, the calm and discipline of keeping in the center of reform and education and training institutions are preferable to such actions. This paper examines the bases and types of alternatives to juvenile delinquency penalties and then explains the critical attitude of some enforcement instances and possible objections to the imposition of alternative prison sentences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - An Analytical Study on Alternative Punishment for Juvenile Delinquency
Mehrnoosh AbouzariJuvenile delinquency is a form of declaration of incompatibility with the community and a sign of danger in the possibility of their survival in a criminal abduction. The main purpose of applying the guarantees of execution and punishment in dealing with juvenile delinq MoreJuvenile delinquency is a form of declaration of incompatibility with the community and a sign of danger in the possibility of their survival in a criminal abduction. The main purpose of applying the guarantees of execution and punishment in dealing with juvenile delinquency is to reform, educate and reconcile them and, above all, seek criminal justice measures to rehabilitate and prepare the person for returning to society. Therefore, it seems that the imprisonment and punishment of liberation cannot be effective in achieving these goals and that violent and violent attacks can lead to a proper and incorrect bias in their behavioral system. As a result, alternative prison sentences for juvenile offenses, influenced by the teachings of restorative justice, will be more than anything else. Penalties that are imposed by the court, with the participation of the public and civil society in the community, with regard to the offense of commission, the personality and criminal record of the offender, the frequency of committing the crime, the situation of the victim and the effects of the commission of the crime. Measures such as periods of care, residence, maintenance at the end of the week, electronic surveillance, free public services and advocacy institutions such as postponement of the sentence, quash, suspension of prosecution, file archiving, exemption from punishment, criminal mediation, suspension Penalties, the semi-liberation system and probation freedoms allow the offender to compensate for the mistake of committing and harming the community and feeling responsible and efficient in society. Although it should be noted that excessive punishment for substitute imprisonment, regardless of the family context, environment of the life and economic conditions of an adolescent, is a kind of abandonment of his insecure circumstances in his life that led him to delinquency and now again It is in this environment that may result in serious and persistent criminal offenses; in such cases, the calm and discipline of keeping in the center of reform and education and training institutions are preferable to such actions. This paper examines the bases and types of alternatives to juvenile delinquency penalties and then explains the critical attitude of some enforcement instances and possible objections to the imposition of alternative prison sentences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Responsibility of Governments and Mechanisms for Protecting Children's Rights in Cyberspace
Mohammad Reza HosseiniThe increasing development of cyberspace and the use of ICTs have had an effective role in the production, dissemination and transmission of information and have provided the community with access to online content. As such, cyberspace is an enabling tool to promote fun MoreThe increasing development of cyberspace and the use of ICTs have had an effective role in the production, dissemination and transmission of information and have provided the community with access to online content. As such, cyberspace is an enabling tool to promote fundamental freedoms such as freedom of speech, freedom of access to information and an effective means of promoting human rights, however, at the same time it can provide the conditions for breach, violation or restriction of individual's rights. Amongst them, children's rights, as the most vulnerable segment of society, are often abused and invaded. In the contemporary world, children spend a great deal of time on educational, leisure and entertainment activities in cyberspace and online. In this space with the expanse of its domain, anonymity, the high speed, the lack of borders, the lack of mechanisms of government oversight, would have an intensive impact on the domain of users' cognition and perception and pose special risks to individuals, especially children and adolescents. Therefore, the rights of the child must be protected by governments, non-governmental organizations, civil institutions and other child affairs authorities. The main question of this study is what are the positive and negative obligations of governments to protect children in cyberspace under international customary law and internationally accredited documents? What technical, legal and structural mechanisms are available to protect children against online' damages? What has been the practice of governments and international institutions and civil society in protecting children's rights on the one hand and maintaining a free flow of information and freedom of expression on the other? To answer these questions, the researcher uses a descriptive method to provide a coherent legal framework for protecting children in cyberspace. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The Rights of Delinquent Children and Adolescents in Iran: An Analysis of Four Determining Areas
Maryam Sha’ban Seyed Mohammad HosseiniThis study seeks to investigate how four main areas of reference in Iran and the world are exposed to child delinquent. Therefore, four main areas of reference were identified that include Iranian legal regulations, Islamic religion, the Convention on the Rights of the MoreThis study seeks to investigate how four main areas of reference in Iran and the world are exposed to child delinquent. Therefore, four main areas of reference were identified that include Iranian legal regulations, Islamic religion, the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Islam and the Convention on the Rights of the Child; Then they were analyzed with a qualitative approach and documentary analysis method. The results show that exposure to delinquent children is approximately the same in all four domains. Although the three areas related to Iran and the Islamic world have been centered on Law of Religion, especially Shi'ism, their roots lie in Islamic religion, and against them the Convention on the Rights of the Child as an international matter has been drafted based on the Declaration of Human Rights and the belief in Humanism, but they work very closely on how to deal with child guilty and there are no significant differences between their procedures. Therefore, all four domains regard the child as having no precise decision-making power and consider his/her delinquency a common "mistake" in his/her development. The child should be forgiven as much as possible and his/her error should be ignored; this should also have a corrective and re-interactional aspect to be done within the child's family by the child's parents or legal guardians. Unless child guilty is limited, such as harm to others, which has resulted in violations of the rights of others, all three areas emphasize efforts to minimize penalties and impose penalties for reform and resocialization. the only point of difference is in the definition of the child and the age range that makes the subject different in applying the rules related to child delinquency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Underling Mechanism of Relationship between Working Memory and Fluid Intelligence
Rouhollah Shahabi Javad Ejei Parviz Azadfallah Vliyollah Farzad.The present study investigates how working memory and fluid intelligence are related in 8 - 12 years old children.The present study investigates how working memory and fluid intelligence are related in 8 - 12 years old children Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The Effect of Authentic Leadership on Burnout with Mediating Areas of Worklife and Occupational Coping Self-Efficacy
Reza Karimi Kiomars Beshlideh Esmaeil HashemiThe current study was aimed at investigating the effect of authentic leadership on burnout through mediation role of areas of worklife and occupational coping self- efficacy. The population of this research was all employees of a public company affiliated to the Ministr MoreThe current study was aimed at investigating the effect of authentic leadership on burnout through mediation role of areas of worklife and occupational coping self- efficacy. The population of this research was all employees of a public company affiliated to the Ministry of Power. To reach this aim, 325 employees were selected through stratified random sampling. The instruments being applied in the study consisted of Authentic Leadership Inventory (ALI) (Walumbwa et al 2008), Areas of Worklife Scale (Leiter and Maslach), Occupational Coping Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Peasanti et al), and Burnout Inventory (Maslach and Jackson). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with SPSS 21 and AMOS 21 softwares and Bootstrap method was utilized to test the mediation effects. Results indicated that the hypothesized model of research were fited to data. The results also supported the role of mediation of areas of work life and occupational coping self-efficacy between authentic leadership and burnout. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The Relation between Job Motivation Characteristics and Burnout with Nonlinear Structure Equation Modeling Applications
Hamid Reza Oreyzi parinaz kakoolakiIn the current paper, two independent studies have been reported. The purpose of first study was to investigate the relationship between job motivation and job burnout characteristics via structural equation modeling. To this purpose, 377 Personnels of the National Iran MoreIn the current paper, two independent studies have been reported. The purpose of first study was to investigate the relationship between job motivation and job burnout characteristics via structural equation modeling. To this purpose, 377 Personnels of the National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company in Isfahan selected via stratified random sampling method. Measures of the study were: Warr and Inseoglu Job Motivation Characteristics Inventory (2012) and Maslach and Jackson (1981) Maslach Job Burnout Inventory. The results of the research, while introducing a different non-linear relationship, AD and CE, showed that the nonlinear model was superior to the linear model. The aim of the second study was to investigate the order of the motivational characteristics of the job according to the underlying variables. To this end, 984 employees of the National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company in Isfahan who were selected via stratified random sampling method, responded to the Warr and Inseoglu (2012) questionnaire. The results of the study showed the importance of the nonlinear nature of the job motivation variables in terms of the latent variables in the Threston model. Based on two different categories of motivations (AD and CE), it is advisable to make interventions to reduce burnout and also to repeat the research with the job stress variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Effectiveness of Attentive Rehabilitation of Attention and Memory (ARAM) on Phonological Working Memory Span and Language Development of Children with Cochlear Implant
Hossein Zare Ali Akbar Sharifi Ashvagh NaamiThe purpose of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of attentive rehabilitation of attention and memory (ARAM) on phonological working memory span and expressive and receptive language development in cochlear implant deaf children. This study was a qua MoreThe purpose of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of attentive rehabilitation of attention and memory (ARAM) on phonological working memory span and expressive and receptive language development in cochlear implant deaf children. This study was a quasi -experimental design with a pretest- posttest design with a control group and one momnth follow-up. Participants were 16 cochlear implanted children aged 6 to 8/9 years in exceptional elementary schools of Ahwaz in 2018- 2019 school year that were been selected with an available sampling method and randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. Each group was include 8 person and both groups were evaluated by Wechsler Memory Scale subtest and Told-p: 3 (Persian version) in the same condition. The experimental group received 8 sessions and each session lasts for 45 minutes per a month of ARAM and the control group did not received any training. Both groups were evaluated again at the end of intervention and 1 month after that. Data analyzed with mixed analysis of variance (2×3). Phonological working memory span and expressive and receptive language development scores of children who received the ARAM was improved significantly rather than they who did not received that. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The Role of the Workplace Spirituality and Resilience in Prediction of Psychological Well-being of Employee
Tooraj SepahvandThe present research was performed with the purpose of examination the role of workplace spirituality and resilience in predicting the psychological wellbeing of employees. The research had a correlational design on the type of predictive study. The population was all o MoreThe present research was performed with the purpose of examination the role of workplace spirituality and resilience in predicting the psychological wellbeing of employees. The research had a correlational design on the type of predictive study. The population was all of the employees of Markazi Province Electeric Distribution Company in years of 2015-16, that 396 persons of them were selected by stratified random sampling based on their job conditions, and were examined. For collecting the data, the Workplace Spirituality Scale, Resilience Scale and Psychological Well-being Scale, were performed, and the acquired data were analyzed by pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression. The findings indicated that the workplace spirituality and resilience with a direct and significant relationship, explained about 14 percent of variance of psychological well-being of employees that in this context resilience had significant proportion in predicting of psychological wellbeing and its, factors, but the workplace spirituality had significant proportion only in predicting the factor of self-acceptance. As a result, it can be said that workplace spirituality and resilience have a significant role in psychological well-being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Effect of Computerized Cognitive Rehabilitation on Improvement of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Working Memory Capacity
Hossein Zare Ali Akbar Sharifi Sara HashamdarThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of computerized cognitive rehabilitation therapies (CCRT) on improvement of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and working memory capacity (WM) in elderly women. This study was a quasi experimental design with a prete MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of computerized cognitive rehabilitation therapies (CCRT) on improvement of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and working memory capacity (WM) in elderly women. This study was a quasi experimental design with a pretest-posttest design with a control group with a one month follow-up. Subjects included 16 elderly women 65 years and older with mild cognitive impairment and low capacity of working memory at the Mehrpouyan elderly home in Behbahan city in 2018-2019. They were selected with an available sampling method and randomly placed in the experimental and control groups. Each group included 8 persons. To evaluate the Main Mental Status Examination (MMSE) (Fulestine et, al., 1975) and the Working Memory Capacity Test (Daneman & Carpenter, 1980). The experimental group was trained for 8 session with a memory rehabilitation software and the control group did not received any training. Data was analyzed with mixed analysis of variance. The scores from the MMSE and the Working Memory Capacity of the experimental group increased dramatically. As a result, computerized cognitive rehabilitation had a significant effect on the improvement of cognitive impairment and the capacity of working memory in elderly women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Book Review
Javad EjeiBook ReviewBook Review Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - the effect of dramatic creativity training on working memory and schoolwork engagement of elementary school students
saeed toulabi narjes motevali zadehThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dramatic creativity training on working memory and schoolwork engagement of elementary school students. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and follow-up with control group. The sta MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dramatic creativity training on working memory and schoolwork engagement of elementary school students. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and follow-up with control group. The statistical population of the study was the students of primary girls' schools in district one of Saveh city. Among them, 50 second grade students were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned in experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in a 12-session course of dramatic creativity based on auditory and visual stimuli of working memory and creating positive emotions and motivation to do homework. Academic engagement scale and computer software "working memory information processing index" were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using multivariable variance analysis with repeated measures. Findings showed that teaching dramatic creativity led to a significant increase in working memory processing capacity and school-work engagement of students. These findings were also stable in the two-month follow-up. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of creativity dramatically plays in the educational process, increases the capacity of processing working memory and students motivate to engage more in school works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The relationship between organizational procrastination and components of psychological capital in employees: The mediating role of critical thinking
Leila Nikrad Ahmad Baseri Hossein BigdeliThe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of critical thinking in the relationship between procrastination and psychological capital in employees. The research method was descriptive and correlational and the method of structural equation modeling. The MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of critical thinking in the relationship between procrastination and psychological capital in employees. The research method was descriptive and correlational and the method of structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all employees of Parsian Bank of Tehran in 2020-2021 with a volume of 2600 people and 300 samples were selected by stratified sampling method. Measurement tools were Saffarinia et al. (2011) organizational procrastination questionnaire، Luthans et al. (2007) ، psychological capital scale and Ricketts critical thinking questionnaire (2003). Data were analyzed by SPSS25 and LISREL software. According to the results، the factor load of the direct path of the effect of psychological capital on procrastination was not significant، but with the mediation of critical thinking، this path became significant at the level of 0.05.Then، in order to modify the model، paths whose factor load was not significant were removed. Finally، the modified model had a good fit. According to the results، it can be said that the more psychological capital and critical thinking a person has، the less negligence he will have. Therefore، by using appropriate executive strategies to increase the psychological capital of employees، a step can be taken to reduce organizational procrastination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Deception and concealment in the story of Rostam and Sohrab of Shahnameh
Mohammad akbar sepahi Saeed DamaniAbstract Shahnameh is the most famous epic work in Iran. Works such as Shahnameh, along with the narration of heroic stories, by performing norms and anomalies in front of each other, also perform the task of teaching virtues. The story of the battle of Rostam and Sohr MoreAbstract Shahnameh is the most famous epic work in Iran. Works such as Shahnameh, along with the narration of heroic stories, by performing norms and anomalies in front of each other, also perform the task of teaching virtues. The story of the battle of Rostam and Sohrab, although a small part of the Shahnameh, is one of the most famous stories in this book. This article looks at the story of Rostam and Sohrab Shahnameh Ferdowsi from the perspective of educational literature and the topic of truthfulness. At a glance, To the story of Rostam and Sohrab, Appears from the beginning and end of the story, The reader thinks that Ferdowsi, like many people of that time, considers destiny without the active role of man as the most important cause of the tragedy of Sohrab's death, But with a closer look at the story, It seems that Ferdowsi, in arranging the conversations of the characters in this story, shows that everyone is involved in hiding the truth. And their work has gone hand in hand with concealing the truth, leading to disaster Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - توسعه، تحصیلات عالی و بیکاری
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Open Access Article
59 - Informal employment and its relationship with work life development indicators
Majid Mohammad shafiee Maryam Zamani SamaniOne of the key pillars in the development of any country is the employment issue and its related challenges that developing strategies in this field and its diagnosis is not hidden from anyone. The aim of this study was to explain informal employment in Iran according t MoreOne of the key pillars in the development of any country is the employment issue and its related challenges that developing strategies in this field and its diagnosis is not hidden from anyone. The aim of this study was to explain informal employment in Iran according to its increasing statistics and to examine its relationship with the most important indicators of work life development including job satisfaction/dissatisfaction, job attitude, and quality of work life. The statistical population of the study consists of formal and informal workers in small and medium workshops in selected cities of Iran. Due to the large size of the statistical population and the difficulty of access to all workers, 980 of them were sampled. Finally, 887 acceptable questionnaires were collected, of which 489 were related to informal workers and 398 were related to formal workers. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results show that the indicators of job satisfaction, job attitude, and quality of work life are significantly lower for employees who have informal employment. Moreover, informal employment statistics in the surveyed cities, on average, is about 55%, which due to its increase compared to previous years and its negative consequences, especially in business development, recommendations were provided to solve this problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Training of University’s Human Resources and its Impact on Quality of work life and performance of staff (case study: Iran university of science and Technology staffs)
علی بنیادی نایینی سید محسن اقبالیThis study has been implemented aimed to investigate the effect of training on quality of work life and work performance among employees Iran University of Science and Technology. In order to achieve this target statistical population (all employees Iran University of S MoreThis study has been implemented aimed to investigate the effect of training on quality of work life and work performance among employees Iran University of Science and Technology. In order to achieve this target statistical population (all employees Iran University of Science and Technology) which were 1180, have divided into 3 groups; service staff, administrative staff and professors. And of these, 500 employees that randomly selected from a list of employees, responded to the survey questionnaire. Research method is Correlation and questionnaires used in the survey includes: Quality of work life questionnaire (with 27 questions) components are designed based on the quality of work life, Casio Merton’s and Training questionnaire (with 19 questions) and performance assessment questionnaire (with 12 questions). To assess the reliability are used Cronbach's alpha and SPSS software, Where was obtained; reliability coefficient of performance assessment questionnaire 0/84, Reliability coefficients quality of work life questionnaire 0/88 and Reliability coefficient of training method 0/79. In order to analyze data and determine the relationship between the three variables, we used correlation test and to check whether or not a significant difference was used analysis of variance. This study indicates that "the relationship between quality of work life and performance of staff is significant in level of 0/014 with training staff. The main results of this study indicated an inverse relation between the level of education of employees and their willingness to learn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Effective organizational elements and the results of cross-functional coopetition in small and medium size industries
Hossein Rahmanseresht bahram jabarzadeh karbasiDue to changing conditions and unstable environment, Companies to survive and have a good competitive position always require proper utilization of the knowledge available in the organization. Without a proper structure and leadership style, using this source is not pos MoreDue to changing conditions and unstable environment, Companies to survive and have a good competitive position always require proper utilization of the knowledge available in the organization. Without a proper structure and leadership style, using this source is not possible. An appropriate leadership style and structure can not only create competition for the creation of new knowledge but also by providing suitable cooperation condition, can create conditions for sharing created knowledge. Therefore this study, investigates the effective organizational elements as well as the results of cross-functional coopetition, in small and medium size industries. The study was causal and statistical sample is 165 employees and managers working in companies located in the industrial areas of Kerman city and the tool for data collection is questionnaire. Reliability for Conservative leadership, participative leadership, formalization, centralization, cross-functional coopetition and knowledge integration mechanisms is obtained 0/81, 0/70, 0/72, 0/70, 0/91 and 0/84 respectively. The results indicate that the conservative leadership and formalization impact on cross-functional coopetition but participative leadership and centralization have no effect on cross-functional coopetition. Also the results indicate that the cross-functional coopetition has a significant and positive impact on knowledge integration mechanisms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - The business model designed for a network of partner organizations (collaborative network organization
Alireza AliahmadiAbstract The development of networked organizations usually done by a focal firm (the mother). For this purpose focal firm in addition to defining the strategy of the partner firms and the nature and mechanisms of the network must develop a business model strategy to b MoreAbstract The development of networked organizations usually done by a focal firm (the mother). For this purpose focal firm in addition to defining the strategy of the partner firms and the nature and mechanisms of the network must develop a business model strategy to be implemented at the network. Significance of business model in a network is important as many experts as Zott and Amit realize business model as an engine for network base strategy. In the present study, we look at the issue of collaboration networks business model designed , to reach the goal of this study we consider focal firm as a symbol of collaborative network then we design a business model for focal firm. In this regard, after the literature review, the model presented by Osterwalder (2004) (BMO) was chosen as the Meta model, after that we adding several factors extracted from the literature on design requirements and the formation of networks. Then the model in Delphi process was judged and developed by experts. After confirming the final model by experts to further validate we design questionnaires that given to Academic experts and managers who working in two network, the result of that questionnaires approved the applicability of the model Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Develop a business model with a focus on central enterprise in a collaboration network
The development of networked organizations usually done by a focal firm (the mother). For this purpose, the focal firm as the main center of network must implement her strategies with an action plan. Significance of business model in a network is important as many exper MoreThe development of networked organizations usually done by a focal firm (the mother). For this purpose, the focal firm as the main center of network must implement her strategies with an action plan. Significance of business model in a network is important as many experts realize business model as an engine for network base strategy. In the present study, we look at the subject of collaboration networks , to review, identify and prioritize the role of focal firm in the business model of collaboration networks. In this direction, by reviewing existing literature on maternal advantage we extract the key functions of focal firm in her mothering strategy and business model. Then the extracted factors in Delphi process was judged and developed by experts. After confirming the final factors by experts to further validation and extract the Priority of factors we design questionnaires that given to Academic experts and managers who working in two network, the result of that questionnaires approved the applicability of the model Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Relationship between quality of work life and organizational commitment:the role of moderators Employee empowerment
The aim of the present research, the role of employee empowerment in the relationship between quality of work life and their organizational commitment. The present research is of a descriptive- correlative type that is based on the Census; 80 questionnaires were distri MoreThe aim of the present research, the role of employee empowerment in the relationship between quality of work life and their organizational commitment. The present research is of a descriptive- correlative type that is based on the Census; 80 questionnaires were distributed among Staff Imam Hasan Mojtaba hospitals in Kalat. The data collection tools were 3 questionnaires: quality of work life questionnaire (1973), the organizational commitment questionnaire of Allen and Meyer (1990), the Spreitzer’s empowerment questionnaire (1996). To determine the reliability coefficient of the questionnaires , Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used . Cronbach's alpha coefficients obtained for the three questionnaires, 85%, 78% and 92% respectively. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling and multiple regression was used. The findings show that the quality of work life and organizational commitment have a significant relationship.There is also a relationship between the quality of working life and employee empowerment (with the possibility of 99% have been identified. The results also show that employee empowerment have significant relationship with organizational commitment((with the possibility of 99% . In addition, research findings suggest an indirect impact the quality of working life on Organizational commitment this effect with the number 0.45 and is marked with 99% probability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Relationship between quality of work life and organizational commitment:the role of moderators Employee empowerment
The aim of the present research, the role of employee empowerment in the relationship between quality of work life and their organizational commitment. The present research is of a descriptive- correlative type that is based on the Census; 80 questionnaires were distri MoreThe aim of the present research, the role of employee empowerment in the relationship between quality of work life and their organizational commitment. The present research is of a descriptive- correlative type that is based on the Census; 80 questionnaires were distributed among Staff Imam Hasan Mojtaba hospitals in Kalat. The data collection tools were 3 questionnaires: quality of work life questionnaire (1973), the organizational commitment questionnaire of Allen and Meyer (1990), the Spreitzer’s empowerment questionnaire (1996). To determine the reliability coefficient of the questionnaires , Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used . Cronbach's alpha coefficients obtained for the three questionnaires, 85%, 78% and 92% respectively. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling and multiple regression was used. The findings show that the quality of work life and organizational commitment have a significant relationship .There is also a relationship between the quality of working life and employee empowerment ( with the possibility of 99% have been identified. The results also show that employee empowerment have significant relationship with organizational commitment( (with the possibility of 99% . In addition, research findings suggest an indirect impact the quality of working life on Organizational commitment this effect with the number 0.45 and is marked with 99% probability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Identifying and ranking the effective factors on hospital teams' productivity using ANP-BWM approach (A case study: The Sadjad hospital in Tehran)
Abdolreza Karimi Marzieh Mozafari Rambod BarandoostHealth care services are of the most important operations which are usually done inside teams. This paper aims at identifying and ranking the hospital teams' productivity indices. For this purpose, the effective factors that influence hospital teams' productivity have b MoreHealth care services are of the most important operations which are usually done inside teams. This paper aims at identifying and ranking the hospital teams' productivity indices. For this purpose, the effective factors that influence hospital teams' productivity have been identified through literature study as well as experts survey. These factors then have been reduced to 34 criteria using a screening approach and then categorized into 9 main groups. Internal relations among the factors have been examined using statistical tests. We proposed a new ANP-BWM approach combining the analytical network process (ANP) and best-worst method (BWM) to rank the factors. The proposed ranking approach can significantly reduce the number of pairwise comparisons in ANP method. Finally, in the case of Sadjad hospital, 12 nursing teams have been selected and investigated. Results show that “the quality of services” has the most and “the permanent employment” has the least impact on nursing teams’ productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - ارائه مدل مناسب براي انتقال فناوری در صنایع برترICT مورد مطالعاتی : محصول فناورانه STM16
Fatemeh Saghafi mahdi hamidi بهروز محمودی -
Open Access Article
68 - A model to collaborate on R&D projects based on TRL
Hassan Torabi Hossein Dehghani poodeh Mohsen Cheshmberah Mohammad Hussein Karimi gavareshki Reza i HosnavRegarding the importance of CoPS in providing the organization with technological capability and the differences existing between these systems and mass products, it is essential to develop a model to collaborate on CoPS R&D. Exploitation of the capabilities of the netw MoreRegarding the importance of CoPS in providing the organization with technological capability and the differences existing between these systems and mass products, it is essential to develop a model to collaborate on CoPS R&D. Exploitation of the capabilities of the network of collaborators is a desirable option due to inability of the organization in providing the resources comprising finance, human, facilities and expertise. Reviewing the literature on CoPS and technological collaboration incorporating the kind and motivations of collaborators and organizational forms of collaboration and interviewing 18 experts of the organization, a model was developed based on TRL approach and fuzzy cognitive mapping tool. Considering the model developed, the steps of project is classified into 3 categories: Green(able to be collaborated in network), Yellow (able to be collaborated on condition) and red (unable to be collaborated). The role of the members of the network and the strategy of collaborating with them is specified as follows: R&D contract with universities and consulting agents, Educational acquisition with faculty members, outsourcing the projects intended as military service compensation, and R&D contract or research funding with knowledge-based institutions. On the other hand, the position of technology developing and designing centers is specified employing the national innovation system as an upper hand document. Validity of model is proven by checklist of good theories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - The evolution of incumbents’ role during new nanotechnology based firms’ collaboration within new product development
Mohammad Ali Bahreini Zarj Ali Mobini Dehkordi Nima Heirati Mohammad Reza MeigounpooryHow incumbents benefit from advanced technologies has played an important role in the management literature. Industrial companies, in spite of certain advantages in the resources, experience and market knowledge, need to use advanced technology to increase their competi MoreHow incumbents benefit from advanced technologies has played an important role in the management literature. Industrial companies, in spite of certain advantages in the resources, experience and market knowledge, need to use advanced technology to increase their competitive advantages. Yet very little research has explained how incumbents collaborate with new nanotechnology based firms in order to develop new nano products. The study focuses on longitudinal six-year case studies of five collaborations between incumbents and new nanotechnology based firms. The contribution of this research is available in three parts. First, the benefit of incumbents from the nanotechnology requires a long-term extensive and interactive process, based on the synergy of technological capabilities of the new nanotechnology firms and the incumbents’ resources and capabilities. Second, the incumbents must have flexibility in their structures and collaboration’s strategies. Third, the role of the incumbents changes from a "technology taker" at the start of the collaboration to "new product development mentor" and then becomes a high-tech product / service buyer after clarifying the dimensions of technology and product innovation. This study provides a worthy illustration of these collaborations for researchers, managers and policymakers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Exploring entrepreneurial marketing behavior with heuristic decision making approach (Case of study: nascent nanotech and biotech entrepreneurs in Tehran)
Pouria Nouri عبدالله احمدی کافشانیDecision making is one of the most important entrepreneurial tasks to identify opportunities so as to create enterprises. Entrepreneurs, intentionally or un-knowingly use heuristics in their decisions, which, though useful in some situations, could lead to decision maki MoreDecision making is one of the most important entrepreneurial tasks to identify opportunities so as to create enterprises. Entrepreneurs, intentionally or un-knowingly use heuristics in their decisions, which, though useful in some situations, could lead to decision making biases. Also, entrepreneurial marketing behavior is one of the most important entrepreneurial characteristics in small and medium businesses. This paper’s main goal is to explore nascent entrepreneurs’ marketing behavior with a heuristic approach. This paper’s data were gathered by conducting semi-structured interviews with 15 Iranian high-tech entrepreneurs located in Tehran and analyzed by grounded theory. Decision hastiness was identified as the core category. Furthermore, increase in profit, increase in market share, improvement in decision quality as well as losing market share and decision making biases are the main consequences of heuristic decision making in entrepreneurial marketing behavior. Also, experience, environmental factors, personal goals, business-related factors, needed time to make decisions, decision styles and decision topic are the most influential factors in heuristic decision making in marketing behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Prediction of Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises with the Combination of Artificial Neural Networks and Meta-Heuristic Algorithm
حامد ابراهیم خانی مصطفی کاظمی Alireza Pooya Amir Mohammad Fakoor SaghihThe growth of a company is considered to be an important economic goal. Given that many small and medium enterprises do not grow into growth and fail in the early years of their operations, a predictive system of corporate growth can be offset by the huge costs Starting MoreThe growth of a company is considered to be an important economic goal. Given that many small and medium enterprises do not grow into growth and fail in the early years of their operations, a predictive system of corporate growth can be offset by the huge costs Starting businesses, entrepreneurs and companies to pay. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to predict the growth of small and medium enterprises with the combination of neural network and meta-heuristic algorithms. The purpose of this research was applied and based on the method of doing descriptive-modeling work. Statistical population of this research was all small and medium enterprises of Zanjan province. Statistical sample size According to the growth of companies, 158 companies has been designated. In order to collect data in this study, interviews, questionnaires and documents of companies have been used. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were verified and and using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In order to analyze the research data using confirmatory factor analysis methods, the neural network of multilayer perceptron, neural network combined with genetic algorithm and neural network combined with particle swarm algorithm have been used. The results show that all three methods are able to predict the growth of the company. Among these three methods, the best predictive method for growth of the company is the neural network combined with the particle swarm algorithm with the least error rate compared to the other two methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - بررسی رابطه¬ی عوامل برون سازمانی(اقتصادی، اعتقادی، فرهنگی و سیاسی) موثر بر اهمال-کاری در مدیریت آموزش و پرورش با توجه به نقش واسطه گری رضایت شغلی و فرسودگی شغلی
bahram afshari Syed Ali Siadat -
Open Access Article
73 - Portfolio Selection under Trading Constraints and Data Uncertainty Using Robust Optimization Approach and NSGA-II Algorithm
Pejman Peykani Alireza JandaghianPortfolio is a collection or combination of investments in financial and non-financial assets that may be carried out by an individual or organization. How to select and optimize of portfolio is very important. One of the most important points that should be considered MorePortfolio is a collection or combination of investments in financial and non-financial assets that may be carried out by an individual or organization. How to select and optimize of portfolio is very important. One of the most important points that should be considered in the proposed approach for portfolio selection, is uncertainty. Because, one of the most important features of financial markets is their uncertainty. Thus, the purpose of this study is to present a bi-objective model for portfolio selection that is capable to be used under uncertainty of financial data and for this purpose, a robust optimization approach has been used. It should be noted that return and conditional value at risk (CVaR) are considered as model objectives, and the constraints of the number of shares and the purchasing volume of each share have been added to the model. Also, due to the complexity of the proposed model, a NSGA-II meta-heuristic algorithm has been used to solve the suggested model of research. Finally, the presented model was solved by using the actual data of 200 stocks of Tehran stock market for the period of 2017 and the results were analyzed. The results indicate the efficiency of the proposed approach portfolio selection according to the investor's preferences and constraints under uncertainty of financial data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Development of Multivariate Regression Relationship Between Factors Affecting Unemployment Rate
roya soltani mahnaz ebrahimi sadrabadi Ali Mohammad KimiagariIn this research, the multi-variable linear regression relationship has been developed among the important factors influencing unemployment rate. The seasonal data is from 1394 to 1394, which is compiled from reliable economic data bases of country. Independent variable MoreIn this research, the multi-variable linear regression relationship has been developed among the important factors influencing unemployment rate. The seasonal data is from 1394 to 1394, which is compiled from reliable economic data bases of country. Independent variables are: net foreign assets of the banking system (billion rials), net debt of the public sector to the banking system (billion rials), liquidity in terms of its constituent parts (billion rials), rate of dollar (rials), economic participation rate, average inflation rate, The average annual interest rate on state-owned banks, the percentage of jobseekers (65-15). The results indicate that there is a negative and significant relationship between unemployment rate and average inflation rate and economic participation rate, while the net debt of the public sector has had a positive and significant relationship with the banking system and unemployment rate. The greatest negative effects on unemployment rate are the rate of economic participation and the greatest positive impact on the unemployment rate is the net debt of the public sector to the banking system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Key Drivers affecting on international strategic cooperation in the automotive industry: A Systematic Literature Review
Farhad Toudehrousta ali heidary Ali Asghar Pourezzat Amir AlbadviThe automotive industry is known as one of the major industries in each country and has a significant role in its economic growth. Therefore, to compete globally, companies need to rethink their strategies based on understanding the environmental conditions and factors MoreThe automotive industry is known as one of the major industries in each country and has a significant role in its economic growth. Therefore, to compete globally, companies need to rethink their strategies based on understanding the environmental conditions and factors influencing their strategy, on which to base their strategy in the form of alliances, cooperation and partnerships. The purpose of this research is to identify key drivers affecting international strategic cooperation in the automotive industry. The methodology used in the present study is a systematic review of 49 articles on key drivers affecting international strategic cooperation of the automotive industry in international scientific databases such as Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar as well as in-house scientific databases that published since 2006 to 2019, extracted and after screening process, by coding method with MAXQDA software was analyzed. Based on result of the analysis of selected articles, a set of key environmental drivers were identified, categorized and described at industry, national and international levels. The results of this study show that a set of key drivers of automotive technology developments, automotive industry policy making, legal and institutional factors, global trends in automobile industry and international interactions of the country have had the most impact on the direction of international strategic cooperation in the automotive industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Compatibility of the network of credit supply network of the country's banking system using a super-interpretive approach (soft systems (SSM) and critical innovative systems (CSH)) (Study of financing technology companies through Bank Mellat)
Eissa Jabbarzadeh Ebrahim Teimoury Saeed ShavalpourIn recent years, "technology-based start-ups" have attracted the attention of many researchers and policymakers in various countries as the engine of rapid economic growth. The high growth rate of job creation, sales, exports and capital of these companies, and especial MoreIn recent years, "technology-based start-ups" have attracted the attention of many researchers and policymakers in various countries as the engine of rapid economic growth. The high growth rate of job creation, sales, exports and capital of these companies, and especially their role in creating high-quality job opportunities, has put these companies in the spotlight of policymakers in many countries around the world. Banks are recognized as an important institution in financing, which will help improve the financing and credit process of technology-based companies by providing banking facilities and will somehow survive them. However, in recent years, despite the economic problems of banks, financing companies has faced many challenges, so considering the importance of financing technology companies in the country, as well as the diversity and range of experts involved, in this article in order to deal with conflicting perspectives and achieve common vision to organize and manage more effectively and efficiently, a combination of soft systems (SSM) methodology and a critical innovation systems (CSH) approach has been used. After explaining the common points of the two approaches, we will reach a common and radical definition of the problems of the credit network in the country's banking system by conducting in-depth interviews with specialists and experts in this field. After reviewing the processes governing the credit system of technology companies in the banking industry using the approach of critical innovative systems and after criticizing the situation and the state of "is" and "should" and new requirements to improve the current situation, the criteria for improving the process should be extracted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - analysis of co-authorship network of Iranian regenerative medicine scholars;
Atieh bozorgipour Soroosh Ghazinoori Mohammad GhazinooriCo-authorship is one of the most common manifestations of scientific collaboration between researchers and scholars of scientific disciplines. The significant growth of this phenomenon in various scientific disciplines in the last two decades has made the study of diffe MoreCo-authorship is one of the most common manifestations of scientific collaboration between researchers and scholars of scientific disciplines. The significant growth of this phenomenon in various scientific disciplines in the last two decades has made the study of different features of co-authorship networks become an interesting issue for researchers. The study of these networks in various scientific disciplines such as mathematics, physics and information sciences using existing tools in the field of social network analysis has been considered. Due to the growing phenomenon of co-authorship in various fields of medical sciences, in this article, the co-authorship network of Iranian researchers in the field of reconstructive medicine has been analyzed. In addition, the network of scientific cooperation between Iranian institutions active in the field of reconstructive medicine has been analyzed and studied. Finally, based on the analysis, suggestions are made to improve the quantitative and qualitative level of research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Prioritizing obstacles of industry - university interaction in order to develop of intelligent urban transportation infrastructures using Fuzzy AHP
Hamzeh Amin-Tahmasbi aboozar ghorbaniAny society to achieve real and sustainable development goals requires continuous interaction between scientific and technical institutions, takes form in the template of university and industry. In fact, universities are generating knowledge and transferring it to scho MoreAny society to achieve real and sustainable development goals requires continuous interaction between scientific and technical institutions, takes form in the template of university and industry. In fact, universities are generating knowledge and transferring it to scholars, the industry also works to apply knowledge and shares its expectations to university research teams, and they present their ideas, findings and outcomes to the industry. Transportation science also is no exception, and in recent years, it has introduced and implemented new technologies called Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in universal level. Studies in Iran show that transferring knowledge between university and intelligent transportation industry face challenges and obstacles that have led industry owners to the direction of assembling imported components and escaping from universities. This study aims to explanation and interpretation of viewpoints of university and industry section experts about obstacles that affect transferring knowledge between these two institutions in line with implementation of intelligent urban transportation. In this research, firstgy determined effective indices of industry – university interaction obstacles by searching library and documentation resources. Fuzzy Delfi is used to sieve indices and identifying final submeasures. As 43 suggested obstacles were initially available to transportation science experts and by this technic, at first stage 27 obstacles and then, 15 obstacles were chosen for evaluation and ranking. Ranking was also done though fuzzy AHP. Results showed that lack of necessary infrastructures in ITS industry, and lack of applicability in science production areb the main obstacles of industry – university interaction in order to develop infrastructures of intelligent urban transportation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Training of MLP Neural Network for Data Classification by GSA Method
M. Dehbashian Seyed-Hamid ZahiriNowadays, several techniques have presented for data classification. One of these techniques is neural network that has attracted many interests. In this classifier, selection a suitable learning method is very important for training of the network. Error back propagati MoreNowadays, several techniques have presented for data classification. One of these techniques is neural network that has attracted many interests. In this classifier, selection a suitable learning method is very important for training of the network. Error back propagation is the most usual training method of neural networks that late convergence and stopping in local optimum points are its weakness. New approach in neural networks training is the usage of heuristic algorithms. This paper suggests a new learning method namely gravitational search algorithm (GSA) in training of neural network for data classification. GSA method is the latest and the most novel version of swarm intelligence optimization methods. This algorithm is inspired fby the law of Newtonian gravity and mass concept in nature. In this paper, a MLP neural network is trained for classification of five benchmark data set by GSA method. Also, the proposed method efficiency in training and testing of neural network compared with those of two training methods error back propagation and particle swarm optimization. Final results showed the GSA method extraordinary performance for data correct classification in most of cases. Also, in these experiments the GSA method produced stable results in all of cases. In addition, the run time of GSA method is shorter than that of the PSO. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Object Transportation by a Multi-Robot Distributed System Using a Compound Architecture
T. Hekmatfar T. HekmatfarThis paper addresses the cooperative object transportation by a multi robot distributed system, which is a difficult problem due to path planning and robot cooperation challenges. In this problem, a number of robots should transport an object to a goal point safely whil MoreThis paper addresses the cooperative object transportation by a multi robot distributed system, which is a difficult problem due to path planning and robot cooperation challenges. In this problem, a number of robots should transport an object to a goal point safely while avoiding obstacles and utilizing a proper coordination and cooperation mechanism. The proposed method has a two-layer structure which benefits from both centralized and decentralized architectures. The global level takes advantage of full knowledge of environment to plan an optimal path using the new Optimally-Connect Random Tree (ORT) method, and the local level performs some local processes to reduce the system’s overall processing load and cost and increase its robustness. The required coordination between the robots is realized via radio communication, and for local path planning of the robots a combination of potential fields and TangentBug algorithms has been used. The proposed method has been implemented on multiple KUKA youBot mobile manipulators in the Webots simulation software, and its performance has been evaluated through various experimentations and the results of implementing and comparing the ORT and Rapidly-exploring Random Trees (RRT) showed the advantage of the proposed method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - A Hybrid-Based Feature Selection Method for High-Dimensional Data Using Ensemble Methods
A. Rouhi H. Nezamabadi-pourNowadays, with the advent and proliferation of high-dimensional data, the process of feature selection plays an important role in the domain of machine learning and more specifically in the classification task. Dealing with high-dimensional data, e.g. microarrays, is as MoreNowadays, with the advent and proliferation of high-dimensional data, the process of feature selection plays an important role in the domain of machine learning and more specifically in the classification task. Dealing with high-dimensional data, e.g. microarrays, is associated with problems such as increased presence of redundant and irrelevant features, which leads to decreased classification accuracy, increased computational cost, and the curse of dimensionality. In this paper, a hybrid method using ensemble methods for feature selection of high dimensional data, is proposed. In the proposed method, in the first stage, a filter method reduces the dimensionality of features and then, in the second stage, two state-of-the-art wrapper methods run on the subset of reduced features using the ensemble technique. The proposed method is benchmarked using 8 microarray datasets. The comparison results with several state-of-the-art feature selection methods confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Hyper Spherical Search Optimization Algorithm Based on Chaos Theory
Mohammad Kalantari S. Sohrabi H. Rashidy Kanan H. KaramiA Hyper Spherical Search (HSS) optimization algorithm based on chaos theory is proposed that resolves the weakness of the standard HSS optimization algorithm including the speed of convergence and the sequential increment in the number of algorithm iterations to achieve MoreA Hyper Spherical Search (HSS) optimization algorithm based on chaos theory is proposed that resolves the weakness of the standard HSS optimization algorithm including the speed of convergence and the sequential increment in the number of algorithm iterations to achieve the optimal solution. For this, in the particle initiation and search steps of the proposed algorithm, random values used in the standard algorithm are replaced with the values of two mappings, Chebyshev and Liebovitch, that makes the results of the proposed algorithm definite and decreases their standard deviation. The simulation results on the standard benchmark functions show that the proposed algorithm not only has faster convergence, but also acts as a more accurate search algorithm to find the optimal solution in comparison to standard hyper spherical search algorithm and some other optimization algorithms such as genetic, particle swarm, and harmony search algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Sustainable Tree-Based Scheduling in Solar Powered Wireless Mesh Networks
H. Barghi S. V. AzhariIn many applications of wireless mesh networks, due to the lack of access to a permanent source of energy and the use of battery and energy harvesting equipment, energy sustainable design is very important. Duty-cycle adjustment, putting the node into sleep mode in some MoreIn many applications of wireless mesh networks, due to the lack of access to a permanent source of energy and the use of battery and energy harvesting equipment, energy sustainable design is very important. Duty-cycle adjustment, putting the node into sleep mode in some parts of the working period, is a method for energy saving and sustainability assurance. In this case, to exchange data between neighboring nodes, protocols for sleep scheduling are needed. In some applications of these networks, such as video surveillance applications, it is necessary to collect data from different parts of the network. Tree topology is a good option for these applications. A simple method for coordinating sleep in a tree topology is the TIME-SPLIT algorithm, at which the working time of each node is evenly divided among its children. The proposed TIME-SPLIT scheduling algorithm does not consider the node energy limitations. In this paper, we have added the nodes duty-cycle constraint in the TIME-SPLIT algorithm to guarantee energy sustainability in tree-based wireless mesh networks. In situations where the energy status of the children is different, equal division of time leads to network inefficiency. To improve network efficiency and throughput, we provide two scheduling algorithms that take into account the conditions of the children's energy and traffic. In the first proposed algorithm, the time division is performed in relation to the duty-cycle of the children of each node. In the second algorithm, the time division is dynamically and in proportion to the traffic of the children, and the connection acceptance is more precisely performed based on its energy consumption during its lifespan. The simulation results performed by the NS3 network simulator show that in energy and tree structure imbalance conditions, where children of a node have different energy or sub tree, the proposed methods significantly (more than about 60%) increase the network’s total delivered traffic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Scheduling of Scientific Workflow Applications in Multi-Cloud Environment Using Cuckoo Search Algorithm
S. Mohammad Latif PourKarimi Somayeh AbdiMulti-cloud environments consist of the considerable variety of resources where the cost of scheduling workflow applications can be significantly reduced in such environments and the resource limitationsimposed by commercial cloud providers can bealso overcome. Accordin MoreMulti-cloud environments consist of the considerable variety of resources where the cost of scheduling workflow applications can be significantly reduced in such environments and the resource limitationsimposed by commercial cloud providers can bealso overcome. Accordingly, this study addresses the scheduling of scientific workflowapplications in a multi-cloud environment under a deadline with the aim of minimizing costs. In this paper,an algorithm for scheduling of workflow applications in multi-cloud environment is presented using the cuckoo search algorithm which is one of the most popular meta-heuristic methods. The Cuckoo Search Algorithm is able to search the solution space in a short time and find solutions in the vicinity of the optimal global solution that is close to it. The results show that the proposed approach of this research has better performance in comparison with other meta- heuristic approach in terms of cost reduction. Moreover, the obtained solutions of the proposed meta- heuristic algorithm are in a desirable degree close to the global optimal solutions of mathematical model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Proposing an Intelligent Method for Design and Optimization of Double tail Comparator
Sadegh Mohammadi-Esfahrood Seyed-Hamid ZahiriThe performance of an Analog/Digital (A/D) converter, various aspects like general architecture of the converter, architecture of the building blocks or design of the blocks can be improved. The comparator block is a fundamental block in data converters. Due to contradi MoreThe performance of an Analog/Digital (A/D) converter, various aspects like general architecture of the converter, architecture of the building blocks or design of the blocks can be improved. The comparator block is a fundamental block in data converters. Due to contradicting design purposes, circuit constraints and necessities, design of comparators and obtaining best circuit performance are complicated and challenging. Such challenges in circuit design necessitate presenting approaches which not only satisfy all the objectives but also, they are cost effective in terms of time and cost. One of the approaches which has recently attracted attentions is the heuristic algorithms based intelligent Methods. Inclined Planes system Optimization algorithm (IPO) is a novel heuristic algorithm inspired by dynamic movement of the objects on frictionless inclined planes. But despite its remarkable ability for exploration and exploitation of the search space, its standard model has complex relationships with many structural parameters that often confuse the user in choosing the effective values for them. In this paper, IPO algorithm is simplified to present a heuristic algorithm (called SIPO) and its efficiency in optimization of 10 standard benchmarks has been evaluated. Then, a multi-objective version of the proposed algorithm (called MOSIPO) for design and optimization of double tail comparator is presented and its efficiency in optimization of double tail comparator has been evaluated and compared with popular multi-objective intelligent methods. The results clearly demonstrate the improved performance and superiority of SIPO and MOSIPO compared to the other methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Optimal Allocation of Battery Energy Storage in Distribution Network for Maximum Profitability
mohammad rasol jannesar mohsen kalantar A. R. SedighiIn this paper, the optimal allocation of battery energy storage in the distribution network is performed for peak shaving and maximizing profitability. To this end, indicator shave been introduced using hourly load information, feeder upgrade cost and electricity sales MoreIn this paper, the optimal allocation of battery energy storage in the distribution network is performed for peak shaving and maximizing profitability. To this end, indicator shave been introduced using hourly load information, feeder upgrade cost and electricity sales price to various tariffs. Then, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the indicators are weighted and a suitable feeder is indicated for installing energy storage. Then, to achieve the maximum possible peak shaving and maximize profit, an economic objective function is defined to determine the optimal sizing and charge-discharge of the energy storage. The objective function includes the investment and operating cost of battery energy storage and the profits of energy arbitrage, deferring facility investment, environmental issues, and reducing the upstream access cost. Appropriate constraints are considered according to the peak shaving, range of battery power and energy capacity as well as balance in the amount of charge and discharge. Due to the nonlinearity of the objective function, the components involved in the nonlinearity of the objective function are determined according to the heuristic algorithms (Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), and Tabu Search (TS)) and then the objective function is solved by the Interior-point linear programming. The results provide the most suitable battery type and optimization method among the introduced batteries and methods while fulfilling the objectives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - testDesign Decentralized Controller for a Group of Cooperative Robot to Pushing a Box in Presence of Network Constraints
میلاد مرادی سید محمد مهدی Seyyed M. Mehdi DehghanThe problem of pushing objects by a group of cooperative robots has many applications on land and sea level and due to its importance, it has become a standard problem for evaluating various theories of robot cooperation. In this case, each robot produces distributed co MoreThe problem of pushing objects by a group of cooperative robots has many applications on land and sea level and due to its importance, it has become a standard problem for evaluating various theories of robot cooperation. In this case, each robot produces distributed control force to push the object in the desired direction. The proposed methods for distributed control of an object on a time-varying path require information about the position of the robots relative to the object. The problem of the lack of sufficient knowledge of each robot of how the robots are positioned relative to the body can be solved by proposing a consensus issue on positional moments. In this case, the robots must reach a consensus on these moments by exchanging information through the communication network between them. The effect of communication network between robots on the process of reaching consensus and the effect of delay in consensus on the results of control of object on the desired path is the subject of this article. In this paper, the appropriate control law for achieving consensus in the absence of full connection between all bots, delay and the probability of data loss in the communication network is presented. The maximum allowable network delay is also specified to prevent the instability of object motion control. The simulation results show the capability of the proposed method for controlling the velocity of the object on the desired variable path and show the effect of network constraints on the performance of the controller. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - A New Data Clustering Method Using 4-Gray Wolf Algorithm
Laleh Ajami Bakhtiarvand Zahra BeheshtiNowadays, clustering methods have received much attention because the volume and variety of data are increasing considerably.The main problem of classical clustering methods is that they easily fall into local optima. Meta-heuristic algorithms have shown good results in MoreNowadays, clustering methods have received much attention because the volume and variety of data are increasing considerably.The main problem of classical clustering methods is that they easily fall into local optima. Meta-heuristic algorithms have shown good results in data clustering. They can search the problem space to find appropriate cluster centers. One of these algorithms is gray optimization wolf (GWO) algorithm. The GWO algorithm shows a good exploitation and obtains good solutions in some problems, but its disadvantage is poor exploration. As a result, the algorithm converges to local optima in some problems. In this study, an improved version of gray optimization wolf (GWO) algorithm called 4-gray wolf optimization (4GWO) algorithm is proposed for data clustering. In 4GWO, the exploration capability of GWO is improved, using the best position of the fourth group of wolves called scout omega wolves. The movement of each wolf is calculated based on its score. The better score is closer to the best solution and vice versa. The performance of 4GWO algorithm for the data clustering (4GWO-C) is compared with GWO, particle swarm optimization (PSO), artificial bee colony (ABC), symbiotic organisms search (SOS) and salp swarm algorithm (SSA) on fourteen datasets. Also, the efficiency of 4GWO-C is compared with several various GWO algorithms on these datasets. The results show a significant improvement of the proposed algorithm compared with other algorithms. Also, EGWO as an Improved GWO has the second rank among the different versions of GWO algorithms. The average of F-measure obtained by 4GWO-C is 82.172%; while, PSO-C as the second best algorithm provides 78.284% on all datasets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Stochastic Planning of Resilience Enhancement for Electric Power Distribution Systems against Extreme Dust Storms
M. Haghshenas R. Hooshmand M. GholipourResilience in power systems refers to the system's ability to withstand severe disturbances with a low probability of occurrence. Because in recent years extreme dust storms have caused severe damage to Iran's electricity industry, especially in the south and southwest, MoreResilience in power systems refers to the system's ability to withstand severe disturbances with a low probability of occurrence. Because in recent years extreme dust storms have caused severe damage to Iran's electricity industry, especially in the south and southwest, in this paper proposed a new scenario-based stochastic planning model for enhancement of power distribution systems resilience against extreme dust storms. In proposed model, in the first stage, the investment costs to improve the distribution system resilience against extreme dust storms are minimized due to the financial constraints, and in the second stage, the expected operating costs in dust storm conditions are minimized due to the operating constraints. Because network's insulation equipment are major cause of distribution system vulnerabilities in the dust storms, measures in the planning stage include replacement of porcelain insulators with silicon-rubber type, installation of automatic tie switches and installation of emergency generators. In the second stage, the measures are divided into preventive actions and corrective actions, and coordination between stages 1 and 2 is implemented in such a way that the results of each stage depend on the decision variables of the other stage. The simulation results for IEEE 33-bus test system and a 209 bus radial distribution network located in Khuzestan province, Iran, confirm the efficiency of the proposed model in different financial conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Detection and Recovery of Corrupted Images After High Rate of Tampering Attacks
Faranak Tohidi Mohammad Reza HooshmandaslIn recent years, illegally copying digital images and even manipulating them, without great loss of quality and at a low cost has been made possible. Watermarking has recently been developed as one of the methods to detect that tampering has occurred and even enable som MoreIn recent years, illegally copying digital images and even manipulating them, without great loss of quality and at a low cost has been made possible. Watermarking has recently been developed as one of the methods to detect that tampering has occurred and even enable some recovery of the original images. However, there are still many issues to resolve in providing an effective watermark that can detect and recover a wide range of manipulations. Furthermore, the accuracy of detecting and the capability of the recovery of the original images by existing methods are still not at an acceptable level. These problems are more critical when certain high-rate manipulation attacks occur. In this paper, a watermarking method will be introduced that not only is able to detect any tampering, but also can successfully recover the original images in high quality, even at high tampering rates. In this method, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is used to detect tampering and Optimal Iterative Block Truncation Coding (OIBTC) has also been applied to recover lost data. This paper proposes a powerful way to increase detection sensitivity while increasing watermark resistance for the effective recovery of corrupted images. The results prove the superiority of the proposed method over current methods.92% of tasks are executed successfully in the edge environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Novel AI-Based Metaheuristic Optimization Approaches for Designing INS Navigation Systems
علی محمدی Farid Sheikholeslam Mehdi EmamiSoft computing techniques in engineering sciences have covered a large amount of research. Among them is the design and optimization of navigation systems for use in land, sea, and air transportation systems. Therefore, in this paper, an attempt is made to take advantag MoreSoft computing techniques in engineering sciences have covered a large amount of research. Among them is the design and optimization of navigation systems for use in land, sea, and air transportation systems. Therefore, in this paper, an attempt is made to take advantage of novel approaches of intelligent metaheuristic optimization for designing integrated navigation systems. For this purpose, the inclined planes system optimization algorithm with several modified and new versions have been used along with two well-known methods of genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization. Considerations are made on an INS/GNSS problem with IMU MEMS inertia measurement modules. Process and measurement noise covariance matrices are considered as design variables and the sum of mean-squares-error as an objective function in the form of a single-objective minimization problem. Outputs are presented in terms of statistical and performance indicators such as runtime, fitness, convergences, angular-velocity accuracy, latitude, longitude, altitude, roll, pitch, yaw, and routing along with the ranking of algorithms. The overall assessment indicated the correctness of the performance and the relative superiority of the IPO and IIPO over the competitors and competitive performance of the assumed algorithms in comparison with the volume of considerations and calculations of the base problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Impact of Learner’s Characteristics, Training Design and Work Environment on the Transfer of Learning in Banking Industry
The aim of this study was conducted to determine the impact of trainee characteristics, training design and working environment on the transfer of learning in banking industry. The research method was descriptive, non-experimental causal study. The population was includ MoreThe aim of this study was conducted to determine the impact of trainee characteristics, training design and working environment on the transfer of learning in banking industry. The research method was descriptive, non-experimental causal study. The population was included 74 employees who have participated in the Banking 1 training courses for 80 hours in 1391 at Fereshtegan Finance & Credit Institute. To this aim, a random sample of 55 employees who participated in the course, were selected. To measure trainee characteristics, training design and work environment, a researcher-made questionnaire was applied. The Validity of the questionnaire was approved by scholars in the field of Management and also Educational Sciences. Its reliability was found to be 0.85. To measure the transfer of learning a researcher-made questionnaire used and its validity was verified by organization’s experts and was finally confirmed by academicians of educational sciences and its reliability was 0.75. Analyzing data was performed by using single-sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and simple and multiple regressions. Results showed that behavior change in Fereshtegan Finance & Credit Institute is undesirable and has a gap with the ideal mean. Main findings showed that there is not a significant relationship between the transfer of learning and trainee characteristics with components such as individual conditions, motivation, self-efficacy and the perception of training productivity and so cannot predict the transfer of learning. Regarding sub-hypotheses, there is a significant relationship between training design and the transfer of learning and as a result it can be predicted. No significant relationship was found between the transfer of learning and working environment with components of “supports for working environment” and “environmental incentives” and so cannot predict the transfer of learning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Providing a Model for Continuing the Use of E-learning in Work Environments (Case study: Headquarters of the State Tax Administration)
Hanieh Shami zanjani Mostafa Niknami Nadergholi Ghorchian Amir hosein Mohammad davoudiThis research aims to provide a model for the continued use of e-learning in work environments (Headquarters of the State Tax Administration). The present study is a descriptive survey type in terms of the applied purpose, in terms of the type of mixed data. For collect MoreThis research aims to provide a model for the continued use of e-learning in work environments (Headquarters of the State Tax Administration). The present study is a descriptive survey type in terms of the applied purpose, in terms of the type of mixed data. For collecting data, a library method, a semi-structured interview, a researcher-made questionnaire, and factors affecting continuity were used. The formal validity of the questionnaire was obtained through pilot implementation, content validity through comprehensive literature review and judgment of experts, and construct validity using a confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated to be 0.93 by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Qualitative data analysis was done through coding. Quantitative data analysis was performed using SPSS and LISREL software. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including exploratory factor analysis to determine the factors and components of the model and the confirmatory factor analysis using the structural equation modeling technique for presenting the model through LISREL software have been used. The findings showed that the quality of the system experts, organizational support and expected performance with frequency 12, have the first priority, respectively, in system factors, organizational factors and individual factors. Also, the age of 7 is among the demographic (demographic) factors of the first priority. The share of "system factors", "organizational factors", "human factors" and "demographic factors" was 48%, 36%, 28% and 19% respectively for continued use of e-learning. Finally, a model for continuing use of e-learning in the headquarters of the State Tax Administration was presented based on its effective factors and its components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Typology of Workplace Learning Cultures in Iranian Organizations
Saeid Safaei Movahhed Mohammad HajizadThis study aimed at identifying learning cultures in various workplaces through an emergent grounded theory study. To gather data, in-depth interviews were conducted on 98 employees of small to large companies to reach a vast breadth and depth of data. For purpose of in MoreThis study aimed at identifying learning cultures in various workplaces through an emergent grounded theory study. To gather data, in-depth interviews were conducted on 98 employees of small to large companies to reach a vast breadth and depth of data. For purpose of inclusiveness, a maximum variation strategy was adopted for sampling to select participants purposively from manufacturing, business and service companies. The data were thematically analyzed at two levels, namely initial and secondary coding. To establish credibility, two dominant strategies were continuously used as member check and peer debriefing and external auditing. Consequently, a tripartite typology emerged to represent learning culture in various enterprises based on three criteria: management approach, peers' reaction, promotion expectancy. To sum up, in a malignant learning culture, bad working habits are learned and shared by staff, and commitment to work is gradually minimized to its lowest possible point. In a deterministic learning culture, a neutral learning climate dominates the workplace as staffs perceive no link between self-development and job promotion. Finally, in a demanding learning culture, people may clearly view the sensible link between competency development and job promotion, so they try their utmost to keep up with the latest developments in their field to avert the risk of demotion or job loss. The study suggests that if enterprises plan to achieve and keep a competitive edge, they should focus firmly on creating a demanding workplace learning culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Metaheuristic Optimization of Competencies of Strategic Managers in State Organizations
Gholamreza Abbaspasha davood kia kojoree Mohammad javad Taghipourian GilaniThe aim of the present research was to optimize the competencies of strategic managers in state organizations. This applied research was conducted quantitatively to collect the data. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to determine the level of consensus among res MoreThe aim of the present research was to optimize the competencies of strategic managers in state organizations. This applied research was conducted quantitatively to collect the data. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to determine the level of consensus among respondents on the priority of the proposed indicators for the competency of strategic managers. The relationship between the components of the metaheuristic model was determined by 122 senior and middle managers who were selected by random stratified sampling from the studied organizations: Tehran Governor's Office, Administrative and Recruitment Affairs Organization, Supreme Audit Court, Welfare Organization, Iran Health Insurance Organization (IHIO). Data were analyzed using the metaheuristic approach method based on genetic algorithm and decision tree, using the WEKA and RAPIDMINER software programs. Based on the results of the Shannon’s method, ethics earned the highest priority. Furthermore, 11 out of the 16 extracted factors affecting competency were selected as the optimal characteristics of strategic managers in state organizations using metaheuristic algorithms. These were knowledge competencies, skill competencies, basic competencies, psychological competencies, ethics, general competencies, interactions and communications, resource management, strategic thinking, transformism, and leadership. The findings also show that the most effective factors must be examined to identify and evaluate the competencies of strategic managers in state organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - The Pattern of Causal Relation of Employees’ Cognitive Empowerment with Quality of Work Life and Organizational Socialization with the Mediating Role of Organizational Learning
akbar amrahi davod ghoronehThe present research was conducted aiming to investigate the causal relation of cognitive empowerment with quality of work life and organizational socialization considering the mediating role of organizational learning among the employees of Urmia University, Urmia, Ira MoreThe present research was conducted aiming to investigate the causal relation of cognitive empowerment with quality of work life and organizational socialization considering the mediating role of organizational learning among the employees of Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. With regard to the faculty of service, 123 employees were randomly selected via stratified sampling in proportion to the size of the faculty. To collect data, four standard questionnaires were used including Richard Walton's Quality of Work Life (QWL) scale (1973), The Organizational Socialization Inventory by Taormina (1997), Cognitive Elements of Empowerment by Thomas and Velthouse (1990), and Nief’s Organizational Learning (2001). Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via PLS software. Data analysis indicated that quality of work life and organizational socialization had no direct or significant effect on cognitive empowerment. On the other hand, the direct effect of quality of work life and organizational socialization on organizational learning was significant; also, the indirect effect of quality of work life and organizational socialization on cognitive empowerment was significant. According to the obtained results, it is essential and effective to highlight the mediating role of organizational learning in the explanation, prediction, and enhancement of cognitive empowerment of employees in organizations Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The Course of Juvenile Court Proceedings in Iranian Criminal Law
Esmaeil Kashkoulian Masoud HeydariBackground and Aim: Fair trial is one of the most important issues that have always been considered by the legislator in the case of juvenile delinquents. Therefore, in this regard, there have always been several developments that the study of the course of these develo MoreBackground and Aim: Fair trial is one of the most important issues that have always been considered by the legislator in the case of juvenile delinquents. Therefore, in this regard, there have always been several developments that the study of the course of these developments can help the legislator in advancing the lofty goals of children's rights. The purpose of this study is to identify and explain the legislative and judicial developments that have taken place over the years in the field of juvenile justice and has brought it closer to a fair trial. Method: The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. Results: The findings indicate that dramatic changes have taken place in the field of juvenile justice, such as the establishment of a juvenile police force, the non-openness of the trial, the specialization of juvenile courts, the need for expert juvenile court judges, the establishment of a juvenile court and possibility of appeal on all the decisions issued by the courts. Conclusion: During several decades of legislation on children, the Iranian legislature has always tried to take an effective step in the field of juvenile justice. In addition to criminal law dimensions, criminological developments have taken place in this field and the legislature has changed its approach from crime focusing to criminal, so that juvenile delinquency is more just and fair. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Comparative comparison of Ibn Khaldun's theory of nervousness, Weber's charisma and Pareto elites in the rise and fall of the Qajar dynasty
Qasem Gol Hosseini Monireh Kazemi Rashed Shahrzad sasanpur Davood EbrahimpourHistory is the science of analyzing past events. Based on this science, historical events are discussed and studied in a time and space sequence. The purpose of this study is a comparative comparison of the theories of Ibn Khaldun's nervousness, Weber's charisma and Par MoreHistory is the science of analyzing past events. Based on this science, historical events are discussed and studied in a time and space sequence. The purpose of this study is a comparative comparison of the theories of Ibn Khaldun's nervousness, Weber's charisma and Pareto elites in the rise and fall of the Qajar dynasty in order to fill the research gaps in this regard. The research method is comparative-historical comparison. Documents will also be used in this method. The findings of the research are that Ibn Khaldun in his introduction has used and generalized the concept of nervousness in explaining how and why the periodic evolution of history, emergence and fall of dynasties. According to Ibn Khaldun, nervousness is the unity and social solidarity between a group, tribe, people and nation. Max Weber also considers the three sources of legitimacy and political authority in social movements in three aspects (tradition, rationality and charisma). Charisma refers to the character of a person who, in person or in the eyes of others, has extraordinary leadership power. Also in Pareto's elite displacement theory, among the members of a group, the most deserving members of that group are called elites. The results of the study show that following the gradual decline of the Safavid dynasty and the invasion of the Afghans, the nervousness, charisma, elitism and, above all, the legitimacy of the Safavid rulers and rulers were questioned and Nader Shah replaced Karim Khan Zand after a while; But with the death of Karim Khan and during the rule of Lotfali Khan Zand, the leaders of Qajar people and especially Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar with the power of nervousness, charisma and elite among his people, in 1117 A.D. was able to subdue them and cause the emergence of Qajar dynasty. But again, during the inevitable tradition of the evolution of history, his untimely death left his heirs unable to expand their dominance alongside influential global factors such as the Iran-Russia wars, World War I, British intervention, and internal factors. And by reducing the force of nervousness, charisma and elite in Aqaba, the Qajar rulers, to prepare the ground for the removal of Ahmad Shah and the fall of the Qajar dynasty and the rise of Reza Khan and the emergence of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1304 AH. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Technological cooperation, university reproductive company, information and communication technology.
Fazel Hajizadeh Ebrahimi Abolfazl KazaziThe present study investigates the role of factors affecting the success of technological cooperation between academic and industrial reproductive companies in the field of information and communication technology with the mediating role of intermediary institutions. Th MoreThe present study investigates the role of factors affecting the success of technological cooperation between academic and industrial reproductive companies in the field of information and communication technology with the mediating role of intermediary institutions. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and quantitative in terms of type. Among parks and growth centers, 13 parks and growth centers were selected as a statistical sample; In addition, in each of the selected samples, the CEO or a knowledgeable person was selected as the respondent. Therefore, 341 questionnaires were distributed and 317 usable questionnaires were collected. After confirming the validity and reliability of the research, the data were analyzed by SPSS and LISREL software. The results indicate that factors related to industry and academia have a positive and significant effect on the success of technological cooperation. The mediating role of intermediary institutions on the success of technological cooperation was also acknowledged. The findings of this study provide practical and theoretical implications for improving technological cooperation between academia and industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Investigation of the Effect of Thermal Insulation of Walls in Rural Housing of Cold Climate (Case Study: Nazmabad Village, Arak City)
milad haddadi Yousef Nikzad Samarin Seyyed Amirhossein GarakaniRural housing under the livelihood influence has characteristics that distinguish it from urban housing. The most significant point in contemporary architecture is the excessive use of non-renewable energies. The main reason for this is the lack of desirable design rega MoreRural housing under the livelihood influence has characteristics that distinguish it from urban housing. The most significant point in contemporary architecture is the excessive use of non-renewable energies. The main reason for this is the lack of desirable design regardless of climatic conditions. Therefore, the correct utilization of local materials in rural areas such as renewable energy can improve thermal comfort conditions. One of the important issues in saving energy in rural areas is that rural settlements face additional problems, including lack of access to the gas network, fuel supply costs, fuel transportation maintenance risks, and electricity costs. In this study, the effectiveness of wall insulation in the cold climate of rural housing is investigated in Markazi province. In the meantime, according to the living conditions, the insulation of walls exposed to heat exchange should be considered a first step. Therefore, the purpose of this study, apart from optimizing external walls, is to consider thermal comfort. In this research, the principle is to examine the energy consumption of rural housing in the desired area without imposing excessive costs, with the most basic solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - The Role of Critical Success Factors in Empowering Managers (Case Study: Isfahan Municipality Contracting Companies)
reihanehalsadat hashemi ahmadreza shekarchizadeh Mohammad shekarchian khouzestaniCapable human source is one of the important components of organizations entering the complex areas.On the other hand, capable employees are the result of the presence of skilled management. Although several factors play role in managers' empowerment. Examining the comm MoreCapable human source is one of the important components of organizations entering the complex areas.On the other hand, capable employees are the result of the presence of skilled management. Although several factors play role in managers' empowerment. Examining the common ground of these factors identifies and reveals the vital factors of success in empowering managers. Empowerment is considered as one of the useful tools to improve the quality of employees and increase organizational effectiveness.Therefore, considering the importance of managers' empowerment, the present study was conducted to identify the critical success factors in empowering managers of Isfahan Municipality contracting companies. The present study is an applied research which has been done by descriptive (survey) method. Its statistical population included the managers of Isfahan Municipality contracting companies and the sample size was estimated to be 120 people using Cochran's formula. The data collection tool in this study was a researcher made Delphi questionnaire. To analyze the data, SPSS software and descriptive statistics indicators as well as one sample t-test were used. The critical success factors have an effect on empowering the managers of Isfahan Municipality contracting companies and play a role above the average (4.179). The results of this study showed that six factors: Motivation, education, managerial skills, focus on human resource development, awareness raising and analytical thinking, play a vital role in the success of empowering managers.The role of these factors was confirmed at a higher than average level in empowering the managers of these companies.the managers of these companies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - An Analysis of the Effectiveness of National Measures Taken in the Field of University-Industry Cooperation; Identify, Prioritize and Provide Solutions for Excellence
Seyed Maseood Ghoreishi mehdi majidpour babak negahdari morteza mousakhaniIn the upstream documents of the country, the issue of responding to scientific and research centers to the demand of industries and organizations has been emphasized; Therefore, the cooperation between the university and industry has become very important. Numerous nat MoreIn the upstream documents of the country, the issue of responding to scientific and research centers to the demand of industries and organizations has been emphasized; Therefore, the cooperation between the university and industry has become very important. Numerous national measures have been taken in cooperation with the university and industry, which need to be evaluated. Two main goals are pursued; One is to discover the extent to which the goals and functions of the actions taken in the field of university-industry relations have been achieved, and the other is to provide executive solutions to improve the current path and move towards the excellence of university-industry cooperation. In this research, using methods such as library studies, interviews with experts and the focus group, first the measures taken in the field of cooperation between the university and the statistics industry and then by surveying experts, the effectiveness of each measure in terms of each criterion and The rate of fulfillment of each criterion was calculated in terms of measures taken and analyzed using statistical mean method. It can be said that none of the measures that have been taken so far in the field of industry-university relationship have had the desired efficiency and also the efficiency criteria have not been met to an acceptable level in most of the executive measures. At the end, several proposals were presented, including the establishment of the executive headquarters of university-industry cooperation and the privatization of offices related to industry and university entrepreneurship Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Exploring the Relationship between the Culture of Cooperation and the Creative Performance of Tourism Hoteling Organizations Staff
majid sarani ali akbar amin bedokhti sakineh jafariIn today’s competitive world, the key to success of tourism and hoteling organizations lies in their provision of creative products and services with regard to the different needs of their customers. As the staff’s creativity could provide organizations with some compet MoreIn today’s competitive world, the key to success of tourism and hoteling organizations lies in their provision of creative products and services with regard to the different needs of their customers. As the staff’s creativity could provide organizations with some competitive advantages, they need to try more to increase their employees’ creativity so that they may enjoy such advantages. This applied descriptive-correlative study, therefore, set out to investigate the relationship between the culture of cooperation and the creative performance of those staff members working in tourism organizations and two, three and four-star hotels in Yazd, Iran. To this end, a population of 172 supervisors and employees from all two, three and four-star hotels of Yazd city were selected through stratified random sampling. Having administered the standard questionnaires on culture of cooperation, working environment, and creative performance, the collected data were analyzed through the path analysis model, using LISREL software. The findings of the study indicated a significant positive and direct correlation between the culture of cooperation and the employees’ creative performance, while the culture had no such effect on the creativity of the staff when enforced through the procedural justice as an intervening variable. It was also found that there was a significant indirect relationship between the culture and the employees’ creative performance when the sharing of knowledge acted as a mediator, and that the cooperative culture had an indirect effect on employees’ creativity with the motivation acting as a mediator. Moreover, the culture of cooperation proved to have a significant indirect influence on the employees’ creative performance with the promotion factor acting as an intervening variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Network Analysis of Organizational Cooperation in Tourism Destination Management
Asghar Tahmasebi mehri zavarniyaOrganizational cooperation is regarded as a key factor in the sustainability and competitiveness of tourist destinations. This study sought to investigate the organizational cooperation network and the position of different actors and organizations within the management MoreOrganizational cooperation is regarded as a key factor in the sustainability and competitiveness of tourist destinations. This study sought to investigate the organizational cooperation network and the position of different actors and organizations within the management of Mashhad tourist destinations, using Social Network Analysis. To this end, the data on the organizational interactions of 30 actors involved were collected through surveying and interviewing three key experts in each relevant organization. The data were then analyzed via Ucinet software, using the in-degree, out-degree, and betweenness centrality indicators. The findings of the study indicated that the governmental organizations such as the provincial governments, gubernatorial offices, and the Law Enforcement Forces mostly exercised control and power on Mashhad tourist destinations’ organizational cooperation network. Moreover, with the highest amount of betweenness centrality, the gubernatorial offices, and the Office of Tourism and Cultural Heritage enjoyed the greatest potentials for cooperation within the organizational cooperation network. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Bibliometric Analysis, Tourism Experience, Computational Literature Review, Co-occurrence Network, Co-authorship Network
leila ilchi mesbah seivandian amir salar vanakiThis study set out to investigate the trend of studies conducted on tourist experience using bibliometric analysis. To this end, the study analyzed 2683 articles published in the Web of Science database from 1980 to 2020 using the VOS Viewer software to visualize and an MoreThis study set out to investigate the trend of studies conducted on tourist experience using bibliometric analysis. To this end, the study analyzed 2683 articles published in the Web of Science database from 1980 to 2020 using the VOS Viewer software to visualize and analyze the results. In this regard, two analysis levels were considered. At the first level, the publication trend and the impact factor of authors, journals, and articles were examined. At the second level, the structure of the co-occurrence network of keywords and the co-authorship network of authors, institutions, and countries were analyzed. The findings of the study indicated a significantly growing trend of studies (most of which were published in 2019) conducted on tourism experience in recent years, which is expected to continue to grow in the future. On the other hand, hospitality and leisure, management, and environmental studies were found as the highly researched areas, with most articles being published on tourism experience. Moreover, social media, trust, user opinions, and competitiveness are among the emerging research areas in the relevant literature. In this regard, health tourism, culinary tourism, social experience, shared value creation, authenticity, cultural experience, destination experience, backpackers, information technology, cultural differences, cultural heritage, students’ experiences, sustainable management, and transportation are among the main topics addressed in the literature. On the other hand, the analysis of the authors' co-authorship network revealed that thirty-five research groups are currently working in this field worldwide, with the Hong Kong Polytechnic University exerting the highest influence on the international collaboration network. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Designing a model for intrapreneurship development in Sports Recreation Complexes
Taghi Ashouri hamidreza ghezelsefloo meysam asgarshamsi· ##اسکوئیان، سنجر و حسینی گوهری، مریم. (1391). «بررسی عوامل درون‌سازمانی مؤثر بر کارآفرینی سازمانی». کنفرانس ملی کارآفرینی و مدیریت کسب‌و‌کارهای دانش‌بنیان. بابلسر. آبان ماه.##اسمعیلی، محمد. (1397). «تبیین رابطه حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده و رفتار شهروندی سازمانی». More· ##اسکوئیان، سنجر و حسینی گوهری، مریم. (1391). «بررسی عوامل درون‌سازمانی مؤثر بر کارآفرینی سازمانی». کنفرانس ملی کارآفرینی و مدیریت کسب‌و‌کارهای دانش‌بنیان. بابلسر. آبان ماه.##اسمعیلی، محمد. (1397). «تبیین رابطه حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده و رفتار شهروندی سازمانی». مجله نخبگان علوم و مهندسی. 3 (1). 1-12.##اندام، رضا؛ منتظری، امیر و فیضی، سمیرا. (1393). «بررسی ابعاد کیفیت خدمات در گردشگری ورزشی». مطالعات مدیریت ورزشی. (26). 36-15.##ایمانی‌پور، نرگس و زیودار، مهدی. (1387). «بررسی رابطه‌ی گرایش به کارآفرینی شرکتی و عملکرد». توسعه کارآفرینی. 1 (2). 11-34.##آصفی، احمدعلی؛ خبیری، محمد؛ اسدی دستجردی، حسن و گودرزی، محمود. (1393). «بررسی عوامل سازمانی مؤثر در نهادینه کردن ورزش همگانی در ایران». پژوهش‌نامه مدیریت ورزشی و رفتار حرکتی. 10 (20). 63-76. ##بالوندی، علی حیدر و زردشتیان، شیرین. (1398). «اثر شیوه‌های مدیریت استراتژیک منابع انسانی بر عملکرد سازمانی با نقش میانجی نوآوری سازمانی در کارشناسان وزارت ورزش و جوانان». مدیریت منابع انسانی در ورزش. 6 (2). 221-239.##پورسلطانی زرندی، حسین و ایرجی نقندر، رامین. (1391). «ارتباط درک حمایت سازمانی با تعهد سازمانی و رضایت شغلی کارکنان اداره‌‌ی کل ورزش و جوانان استان مازندران در سال 1390». مجله مدیریت و رفتار سازمانی در ورزش. 1 (1). 2322-3103.##جابری، اکبر؛ سلیمی، مهدی و خزائی پول، جواد. (1392). «بررسی تأثير انگیزش‌های درونی و بیرونی بر تسهیم دانش کارکنان در سازمان‌های ورزشی (مطالعه‌ی موردی کارمندان ادارات تربیت بدنی استان اصفهان)». مدیریت ورزشی. (14). 55-75.##داوری، علی و رضازاده، آرش. (1393). «مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری با نرم افزار PLS». سازمان انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی. چاپ دوم. تهران.##زهره وندیان، کریم و ابراهیمی، فرشته. (1392). «ارائه مدل پیشنهادی برای مکان گزینی اماکن ورزشی با استفاده از تلفیق سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی ( (GISو روشهای تصمیمگیری چندمعیاره (MCDM)». مطالعات مدیریت ورزشی. (21). 111-126. ##علیمردانی، محمد؛ فراهانی، ابوالفضل و قاسمی، سیدحمید. (1394). «ارتباط بین فرهنگ سازمانی با کارآفرینی سازمانی در اداره کل ورزش و جوانان استان قم». پژوهشهای کاربردی در مدیریت ورزشی. 4 (1) شماره 13 پیاپی: 25-34.##غلامرضا تبار دیوکلائی، زهرا؛ فرزادفر، رامین و تورانی، نجمه. (1391). «مثلث تعامل مدیریت تکنولوژی، مدیریت دانش و مدیریت نوآوری». کنفرانس ملی کارآفرینی و مدیریت کسب و کارهای دانش بنیان. دانشگاه مازندران، مازندران.##فراهانی، حسین و منوچهری، سوران. (1394). «شناسایی موانع و مشکلات توسعه گردشگری در مناطق روستایی هدف گردشگری شرق مریوان». پژوهش و برنامهریزی روستایی. 4 (1). 174-161.##قربانی قهفرخی، لیلا؛ کلانی نسب، مرضیه؛ یاراحمدی، معصومه و فتحی، فریبرز. (1397). نقش ساختار سازمانی در بهکارگیری مدیریت مشارکتی در اداره کل ورزش و جوانان استان هرمزگان. فصلنامه علمی - پژوهشی مطالعات مدیریت رفتار سازمانی در ورزش5 .(1). 45-54.##کیاکجوری، داود و فاضلی ویسری، الهام. (1389). «شناسایی موانع داخلی، محیطی و برآیندی کارافرینی سازمانی مطالعه موردی: اداره کل بنادر و کشتیرانی استان مازندران- بندر نوشهر». فصلنامه پژوهشگر (مدیریت). 7 (20). 94-108.##لشکربلوکی، م. (1390). جاری سازی راهبرد (راهنمای گام به گام پیاده سازی در عمل). تهران .انتشارات آریانا قلم.##محبی‌فر، رفعت؛ بخشیان، محمود و رفیعی، سیما. (1395). «تأثير پاداش سازمانی بر عملکرد کارکنان با نقش میانجی انگیزش در بیمارستان‌های اموزشی شهر قزوین». فصلنامه علمی پژوهشهای سلامت محور. 2 (3). 223-232.##محمودی، احمد؛ کارگر، غلامعلی؛ متقی شهری، محمدحسن و اسلامی، ایوب. (1393). «بررسی نقش چابکی سازمانی در آمادگی برای تغییر در کارکنان اداره کل ورزش و جوانان استان البرز». پژوهشهای معاصر در مدیریت ورزشی. 4 (8). 15-28. ##مددی، حمید. (1392). «بررسی رابطه سرمایه اجتماعی با کارآفرینی درون‌سازمانی». فصلنامه مدیریت توسعه و تحول. 14. 39-49. ##موسوی‌راد، سیده‌طاهره و فراهانی، ابوالفضل. (1393). «طراحی و تدوین مدل کارآفرینی ورزشی مبتنی بر رابطه منابع کارآفرینی سازمانی با خروجیهای کارآفرینی سازمانی در وزارت ورزش و جوانان». رویکردهای نوین در مدیریت ورزشی. (4) 2. 77-85.##نوربخش، مهوش؛ محرم زاده، مهرداد و نجف زاده، فرخ لقا. (1390). «بررسی مهمترین عوامل جذبکننده و بازدارنده مؤثر بر توسعه گردشگری ورزشی بانوان استان آذربایجان غربی با تأكيد بر جاذبههای طبیعی- ورزشی». دومین همایش ملی تخصصی مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود.##وفایی، فاطمه و مقیمی، سید محمد. (1389). «ارتباط کارآمدی سامانه الکترونیکی فرآیندهای اداری و کارآفرینی درون‌سازمانی دانشگاه تهران» . فصلنامه اقتصاد و تجارت نوین. شماره 21 و 22. 99-122.##هنرور، افشار؛ قنبری فیروزآبادی، علیرضا و خطیبزاده، مهدی. (1392). «ویژگیهای جمعیتشناختی و اولویتهای گردشگران ورزشی در ایران». فصلنامه پژوهش در مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی. 2 (5). 1-24.##Alam, Muhammad Zubair; Kousar, Shazia & Kaleem, Muhammad Ali. (2020). Personality traits and intrapreneurial behavior Moderated role of knowledge sharing behavior in diverse group of employees in developing country. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 14 (1), 31-46. ##Aminuddin Yusof, Mohd Sofian Omar-Fauzee, Parilah Mohd Shah, Soh Kim Geok. (2009). Exploring Small-Scale Sport Event Tourism in Malaysia. Research Journal of Internatıonal Studıes , 9, 47-58.##Beugelsdijk S. .(2008). Strategic human resource practices and product innovation. Organization Stydies, 29 (06), 821–847.##Bouckenooghe, D. Devos, G. & Van Den Broeck, H. (2009). Organizational Changequestionnaire-Climate of Change, Processes and Readiness: Development of A Newinstrument. Journal of Psychology,143 (6), 559–599.##Buckens, Wim. (2014). Fostering Intrapreneurhip: The Challenge for a New Game Leadership. Economics and Finance,16, 580-586.##Churchill, N.C. (1992), Research issues in entrepreneurship, in Sexton, D.L. and Kasarda, J.D.(Eds),The State of the Art of Entrepreneurship, PWS-Kent Publishers, Boston, MA,pp, 579-96. ##Çingitaú, Yavuz and Ecevit SatÕ, Zümrüt. (2015). Economic and Social Benefits that can be obtained by a Combination of Innovation and Corporate Entrepreneurship Activities in Turkish Companies. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 1129 – 1137##Costa, Carla A. Chalip. (2006). Adventure sport tourism in rural revitalization – an ethnographic evaluation. European Sport Management Quarterly, vol 5(3), 257-279. ##Covin, J. G. , & Slevin, D. P. (1991). A Conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(1), 7-25. ##Damanpour, F. (1991). Organizational innovation: a meta- analysis of effects of determinants and moderators. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 555–590.##Dean, C. C. (1993). Corporate entrepreneurship: Strategicand Structural correlates and impact on the global presence of United States firms. Unpublished doctoral dissertation TX: University of North Texas. ##Holt , D. (2000). The Measurement of Readiness for Change: A Review of Instruments and Suggestions for Future Research. the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management,Toronto, August 5-9, 2000.##Jeffery S. Hornsby, Donald F. Kuratko, Shaker A. Zahra,. (2002). Middle Managers perception of the internal environment for corporate enrepreneurship: assessing a measurement scale. Journal of Business Venturing, 17, 253- 273.##Kim, H. L., Woo, E. J. and Uysal, M. (2015). Tourism Experience and Quality of Life among Elderrly Tourists. Tourism Management, 46, 465-476. ##Klodianan, Gorica .(2015). Albanian tourism management; the future path to sustainable development. Retrieved April 7, 2009.From http://www. 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International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20, 1191–1218.##Rietveld, Cornelins, A. ; Bailey, Henry; Hessels, Jolanda and Zwan, Peter Vander. (2016). Health and Entrepreneurship in Four Caribbean Basin Countries. Economics and Human Biology, 21, 84-89.##Sadler, R. J. (1999). Corporate Entrepreneurship in the public sector. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 16(5), 495-527.##Takeuchi R., Chen G., Lepak D.P. (2009). Through the looking glass of a social system: Cross-level effects of high performance work systems on employees' attitude. Personnel Psychology, 62, 1–29.##Tenenhaus, M., Amato, S., Esposito Vinzi, V. (2004). A global goodness-of-fit index for PLS structural equation modeling, Proceedings of the XLII SIS Scientific Meeting, Vol. Contributed Papers, CLEUP, Padova, pp. 739–742.##Uslu, T; Bülbül. I. A. Çubuk, D. (2015). An Investigation of the Effects of Open Leadership to Organizational Innovativeness and Corporate Entrepreneurship. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences ,195, 1166 – 1175.##Weiner, B, J., Amick, H. & Lee, S. D. (2008). Review conceptualization and Measurement of Organizational Readiness for Change: A Review of the Literature in Health service Research and other fields. Medical care Research and Review, 65 (4), 379-436. Manuscript profile -
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107 - Study of socio-economic factors affecting the work conscience of managers of government offices in Yasuj
SeyyedAilabbas Mohaddes asghar mohammadi Moslem mortezapourThe purpose of this study was to investigate the socio-economic factors affecting the work conscience of government managers in Yasuj. The method of this research is survey and descriptive and the data collection tool is a questionnaire, the statistical population is 65 MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the socio-economic factors affecting the work conscience of government managers in Yasuj. The method of this research is survey and descriptive and the data collection tool is a questionnaire, the statistical population is 6500 managers of government departments, the sample size is 400 managers of government departments in Yasuj, which is available by sampling method. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed using multiple correlation coefficient (regression). In this research, the following variables were studied and these results were obtained: Managers' ignorance of the organization's goals R = 764% and R2 = 584%, how to select managers R = 892% and R2 = 795%, involvement of political factions R = 8.899 and R2 = 808%, ethnic differences and Tribal R = 8.28% and R2 = 675., lack of scientific information of experts R = 909% and R2 = 826, expansion of organizational information R = 893% and R2 = 798% Manuscript profile -
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108 - Multilateral Export Control Regimes: a Legal Mechanism or Tool of Political Pressure?
غلامحسین دهقانی فاطمه هاشمیMultilateral export control regimes are among major tools used by developed Western countries during the past six decades to maintain their technological supremacy under the pretext of preventing proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. These regimes have grown and MoreMultilateral export control regimes are among major tools used by developed Western countries during the past six decades to maintain their technological supremacy under the pretext of preventing proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. These regimes have grown and developed unprecedentedly in both quantitative and qualitative terms especially in the past decade following 9/11 terrorist attacks. Opponents and proponents have offered various viewpoints on the legality or illegality of these regimes on the basis of the international law. This research first presents a theoretical framework for the assessment of those viewpoints. Since both opponents and proponents have emphasized on the relationship between these regimes and international nonproliferation regimes, their implications for availability of equipment and material related to weapons of mass destruction, conventional weapons, missiles, and dual-use goods and material are briefly discussed. Finally, developments of these regimes in addition to viewpoints of proponents and opponents about legality and illegality of export control regimes are explained using a comparative study of commitments of states members of these regimes and their commitments under international nonproliferation treaties. The conclusion is that such export control regimes, which have been developed by their members to create monopoly on technical know-how and technology, are incompatible with commitments of member states under international law Manuscript profile -
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109 - International Responsibility of OPCW to Foster Peaceful Cooperation
شاهرخ شاکریانThe Chemical Weapons Convention, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1992, constitutes the most important international legal instrument on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction. The present pa MoreThe Chemical Weapons Convention, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1992, constitutes the most important international legal instrument on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction. The present paper intends to explore the commitment of the Convention to fostering peaceful chemical cooperation as envisioned in Articles 8 and 11, and also to assess the international responsibility of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). Therefore, the main question of this paper is: “Under what conditions and according to what principles can this Organization be held responsible with regard to its commitment to fostering peaceful international cooperation in the field of chemical activities?” As discussed in this paper, according to the provisions of Article 11 of the Convention, the Organization is under definitive obligations to bolster international cooperation. The paper also shows that the measures taken by the Australia Group, whose members are also Member States of the OPCW, in expanding prohibitions and restrictions of the Convention are incompatible with the provisions of the Convention and, therefore, its members are in violation of the Convention. Manuscript profile -
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110 - Territory of Greater Iran, Good Ground for Regional Arrangement
علی زینی وندThe preset paper discusses major components of a new regional arrangement within the cultural territory of greater Iran. It represents an effort to explore both elements of convergence that make up a regional arrangement, and the elements of divergence that disturb it. MoreThe preset paper discusses major components of a new regional arrangement within the cultural territory of greater Iran. It represents an effort to explore both elements of convergence that make up a regional arrangement, and the elements of divergence that disturb it. Three common factors that have been identified and assessed include: a. territorial unity, b. common history and destiny, and c. common culture and cultural factors. It seems that if players in this region cooperated, unifying variables in the territory of greater Iran would be able to turn it into a prosperous and powerful region in all fields. Manuscript profile -
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111 - Revisiting SCO According to 3rd Generation of Regionalism Theories
محسن خلیلی معصومه زارعی‌هدکShanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is a regional organization established to build confidence among member states; fight terrorism, religious extremism and separatism; and to counteract the United States unilateralism in international system. China, Russia, and Cen MoreShanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is a regional organization established to build confidence among member states; fight terrorism, religious extremism and separatism; and to counteract the United States unilateralism in international system. China, Russia, and Central Asian countries (except Turkmenistan) are its members with Iran, India, Pakistan and Mongolia being observers. Shanghai Cooperation Organization is part of convergence process in Asia, but it was established under conditions different from regionalism in Asia. Regionalism in Asia can be explained within three generations of theories, including hegemonic regionalism, independent regionalism, and modern regionalism. This paper redefines SCO according to third-generation theories of regionalism. Manuscript profile -
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112 - Impact of Cooperation and Competition of Shanghai’s Members on its Goals and Performance: 2001- 2013
reza simbar مهدی هدایتی شهیدانیThe power vacuum within the Central Asia in the aftermath of the Cold War led the regional actors to create an integrative structure. Establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) signifies the sensitivity and determination of its founding members towards MoreThe power vacuum within the Central Asia in the aftermath of the Cold War led the regional actors to create an integrative structure. Establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) signifies the sensitivity and determination of its founding members towards international, regional and local issues. The inherent rivalry and conflict in facing security crisis within the cooperative framework of SCO was the natural result of the presence of two nuclear and economic power, Russia and China, alongside micro-actors. This paper explains the nature of the communication system governing the relations among SCO members through the regional security arrangements approach. The hypothesis that “gathering of various approaches within the SCO would lead to increased cooperative relations, but also competetive and interest-maximiser” will be tested against various historical, geopolitical and economic variables. Manuscript profile -
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113 - Opposition Groups and the Competency of International Organizations; The Case Study of Arab League and Organization for Islamic Cooperation’s action vis-a-vis Opposition to Libyan and Syrian Governments
Amir Hossein ranjbarian شهزاد رییسیWith the upsurge of conflicts between governments and oppositions and these conflicts escalating and reaching the border of non-international armed conflicts, we are witnessing the reaction of other governments and international organizations to what is happening in the MoreWith the upsurge of conflicts between governments and oppositions and these conflicts escalating and reaching the border of non-international armed conflicts, we are witnessing the reaction of other governments and international organizations to what is happening in these situations. Reactions that sometimes have lead to dominance of one party over another and sometimes have only flared up the flames of conflicts. However, what is important in addition to (above all of) these kinds of stances and the results of such stances, is the competence of these international organizations for their performance, which until recently could be considered as interference in one of the most sensitive and important internal affairs of governments- who are the most important members of the international community. In this paper, by studying on the competence of international organizations and case studying of two important international organizations which are the Arab League and Organization of Islamic Cooperation, during recent years’ conflicts in Libya and Syria, we will try to resolve as much ambiguities as possible in this regard. Manuscript profile -
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114 - The Role of Regional Organizations in Reducing Regional Challenges; The Case of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
hojat mahkooee hassan bavirAfter World War II, particularly since 1960s, international cooperation gained prominence within the framework of regional organizations by elevating regional cooperation. Expansion of cooperation through regional organizations are deemed as an approach to exit from int MoreAfter World War II, particularly since 1960s, international cooperation gained prominence within the framework of regional organizations by elevating regional cooperation. Expansion of cooperation through regional organizations are deemed as an approach to exit from international crisis, and to multiply power in facing new issues of today’s world. Regionalisation leads to development of economic cooperation, political and security harmonisation. It can reinforce regional peace and security by providing peaceful solutions for existing regional conflicts or potential ones. The Economic Cooperation Organisation (ECO) replaced the Regional Development Cooperation Organisation with aims of improving conditions for sustainable developments of members, expansion of regional and international trade, facilitating gradual integration with global economy, increased integration amongst public sector of member states and expanding tourism. This article highlights ECO’s role in reducing regional challenges and further integration between member states Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - The Status of OIC Member States in the Main Organs of the United Nations
ستار عزیزیThe study of the status of OIC member states in the main organs of the United Nations and their contribution in the budget of the UN is the main subject addressed by this article. The member states of OIC make up more than a quarter of UN members and they could potentia MoreThe study of the status of OIC member states in the main organs of the United Nations and their contribution in the budget of the UN is the main subject addressed by this article. The member states of OIC make up more than a quarter of UN members and they could potentially have an appropriate role and influence in this organization. The evaluation of the presence of Islamic countries during more than 70 years of United Nations activities show that their presence and role in some main organs such as the International Court of Justice, the UN Secretary General and the Security Council are not commensurate with the population and the size of these countries. On the other hand, however, 57 Islamic countries totally account for only about 6 percent of the budget of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation Organization 173 United Nations member states in 2016 provided 15 percent of the budget of this organization, this percentage is significant. The major weakness of Islamic countries is that they do not participate as a single whole in competition for positions or in other activities of the organization but they pursue their own particular interests within the OIC individual or group outside of the OIC to follow. Manuscript profile -
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116 - The position of Shanghai cooperation organization in Chinese regional and transregional balancing strategies (2010-2020)
Mostafa Pakdel Majd Asghar PirhadiAs an emerging power in the post-Soviet era, the People's Republic of China has experienced an unprecedented upward trend in international balance of power over the past decade, pursuing a strategic approach in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to expand MoreAs an emerging power in the post-Soviet era, the People's Republic of China has experienced an unprecedented upward trend in international balance of power over the past decade, pursuing a strategic approach in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to expand bilateral and multilateral relations with others. In this line, Regional and trans-regional organizations provided PRC with the Suitable foundation for achieving its security, military and economic goals and paved the way for the subsequent rearrangement of the international hierarchy of power. Given the circumstances, based on the theoretical assumptions of the balance of power theory, with a descriptive-analytical approach, the authors of the present essay have sought to answer this strategic question that "what are the main security goals that Beijing pursues in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization?" The hypothesis of this essay is that through the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, increasing cooperation with the Russian Federation and implementation of soft aspects of balancing strategy, China is both seeking to limit the presence of the United States in Central Asia, along with dominating this strategic region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Opposition Groups and the Competency of International Organizations; The Case Study of Arab League and Organization for Islamic Cooperation’s action vis-a-vis Opposition to Libyan and Syrian Governments
Amir Hossein ranjbarian شهزاد رییسیWith the upsurge of conflicts between governments and oppositions and these conflicts escalating and reaching the border of non-international armed conflicts, we are witnessing the reaction of other governments and international organizations to what is happening in the MoreWith the upsurge of conflicts between governments and oppositions and these conflicts escalating and reaching the border of non-international armed conflicts, we are witnessing the reaction of other governments and international organizations to what is happening in these situations. Reactions that sometimes have lead to dominance of one party over another and sometimes have only flared up the flames of conflicts. However, what is important in addition to (above all of) these kinds of stances and the results of such stances, is the competence of these international organizations for their performance, which until recently could be considered as interference in one of the most sensitive and important internal affairs of governments- who are the most important members of the international community. In this paper, by studying on the competence of international organizations and case studying of two important international organizations which are the Arab League and Organization of Islamic Cooperation, during recent years’ conflicts in Libya and Syria, we will try to resolve as much ambiguities as possible in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - The Role of Regional Organizations in Reducing Regional Challenges; The Case of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
hojat mahkooee hassan bavirAfter World War II, particularly since 1960s, international cooperation gained prominence within the framework of regional organizations by elevating regional cooperation. Expansion of cooperation through regional organizations are deemed as an approach to exit from int MoreAfter World War II, particularly since 1960s, international cooperation gained prominence within the framework of regional organizations by elevating regional cooperation. Expansion of cooperation through regional organizations are deemed as an approach to exit from international crisis, and to multiply power in facing new issues of today’s world. Regionalisation leads to development of economic cooperation, political and security harmonisation. It can reinforce regional peace and security by providing peaceful solutions for existing regional conflicts or potential ones. The Economic Cooperation Organisation (ECO) replaced the Regional Development Cooperation Organisation with aims of improving conditions for sustainable developments of members, expansion of regional and international trade, facilitating gradual integration with global economy, increased integration amongst public sector of member states and expanding tourism. This article highlights ECO’s role in reducing regional challenges and further integration between member states. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Prospects for Regional Integration Ideas in Central Asia and Eurasia
Ghodratollah Behboudi nejadRegional integration or convergence and cooperation, is one of the main topic of international discourse. Meanwhile, the progress of scientific research in Central Asia in this respect is not sufficient. In this article, an attempt into scientific understanding of the p MoreRegional integration or convergence and cooperation, is one of the main topic of international discourse. Meanwhile, the progress of scientific research in Central Asia in this respect is not sufficient. In this article, an attempt into scientific understanding of the processes taking place in Central Asia and, more broadly, Eurasia; an attempt to comprehend how do they correlate with the real course of regional integration are represented. The analysis of the gradual development of the post-Soviet area leads to the results that have ambiguous definitions. The questions are whether the integration phenomena that are still transforming and ot finalized yet can be defined as real integration? or whether or not Central Asia can be referred to as a true geopolitical region? The hypothesis is that the ideas of integration among Central Asian countries have not been successful due to the confusion of States and internal problems, and the integration ideas presented by trans-regional actors do not have a clear vision. Along with this, it is appropriate to to draw parallels and determine correlation bonds between the mechanisms and the institutes of the functioning regional association. of the integration type (the EAEU) with the Eurasian idea projects proposed by the the post-Soviet area countries. In this article, try to analyse in a bundle the selected issues of the political idea (projects) regarding regional integration and its prospects. Manuscript profile -
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120 - Assessing the factors affecting China's economic interaction with selected trade blocs, Comparative study; Persian Gulf Cooperation Council and Eurasia
mehrdad Alipour reza simbarGiven China's urgent need for sustainable energy to reduce energy vulnerabilities and maximize its growing power in international politics and relations, the rising country has sought to build energy cooperation in recent years. A special political-economic relationship MoreGiven China's urgent need for sustainable energy to reduce energy vulnerabilities and maximize its growing power in international politics and relations, the rising country has sought to build energy cooperation in recent years. A special political-economic relationship with the countries present in the GCC and the Eurasian Strategic Region will emerge. In this regard, the authors of the present study with a descriptive-analytical-comparative approach and based on library documents, have sought to answer the strategic question that the People's Republic of China in the light of deepening relations by analyzing and examining the growing presence of Beijing in these areas. What are its political and economic goals with the member states of the Persian Gulf Council and the actors in the Eurasian strategic sphere? The hypothesis raised by the above question is that Beijing, taking into account the economic weight of the countries present in the mentioned regions and given their special position in the belt-road initiative, has tried to pursue its new geopolitical strategies through effort. To ensure sustainable security of access to energy, maintain target markets based on the Belt-Road Initiative, as well as increase cooperation with regional partners, extend to the Persian Gulf and Eurasia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - China Regime-building in the Persian Gulf; China-Persian Gulf Cooperation Council Free Trade Area
بهاره سازمند Ahmad RamezaniRegime building is considered as one of China's tools to expand and deepen cooperation with the other parties, the use of which has been continuously increasing. The main question of the present study is why has China moved towards regime-building with Persian Gulf Coop MoreRegime building is considered as one of China's tools to expand and deepen cooperation with the other parties, the use of which has been continuously increasing. The main question of the present study is why has China moved towards regime-building with Persian Gulf Cooperation Council? The present article argues in an explanatory Method that China has turned to regime-building with Persian Gulf Cooperation Council in order to gain and maximize its economic interests. The findings show that China began talks to establish a China-Persian Gulf Cooperation Council Free Trade Area to boost economic trade ($ 25 billion in 2004). This increased trade volume to more than $ 90 billion in 2008 and to more than $ 180 billion in 2019. China is currently expanding its free trade area to other areas, especially trade in services and investments. The theoretical framework and the method of data collection of the present article are the theory of international interest-based regimes and documentary, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - جایگاه سازمان همکاری شانگهای در راهبردهای موازنه‌جویانۀ منطقه‌ای و فرامنطقه‌ای چین (2020-2010)
Mostafa Pakdel Majd Asghar PirhadiAs an emerging power in the post-Soviet era, the People's Republic of China has experienced an unprecedented upward trend in politics and international relations over the past decade, taking a strategic approach in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to ex MoreAs an emerging power in the post-Soviet era, the People's Republic of China has experienced an unprecedented upward trend in politics and international relations over the past decade, taking a strategic approach in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to expand bilateral and multilateral relations with others. In this line, Regional and trans-regional organizations and countries provided PRC with the Suitable foundation for achieving its security, military and economic goals and paved the way for the subsequent rearrangement of the international hierarchy of power. Given the circumstances, based on the theoretical assumptions of the theory of balance of power, with a descriptive-analytical approach, the authors of the present essay have sought to answer this strategic question that "what are the main security goals that Beijing pursues in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization?" The hypothesis of this essay is that through the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, increasing cooperation with the Russian Federation and implementation of Soft aspects of balancing strategy, China is both seeking to limit the active presence of the United States in Central Asia and also dominate this strategic region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - The Impact of Iran's Permanent Membership in the Shanghai Organization on Its Geopolitical Weight in the Central Asia
Hamid Hakim Mahboubeh Iran niaCapacities of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Considering the membership of two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council (Russia and China) in this organization, having more than a third of the world's population, considerable size, large capacitie MoreCapacities of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Considering the membership of two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council (Russia and China) in this organization, having more than a third of the world's population, considerable size, large capacities and abundant capabilities, promises a potentially strong coalition. Due to the permanent membership of the Islamic Republic of Iran in this organization, it seems that examining the consequences of Iran's membership in this organization in the form of explaining the opportunities and challenges of membership, can Facilitate policy making in foreign policy of Iran about this issue. This study suggests that Iran's permanent membership in this organization can increase Iran's geopolitical weight in the region and bring political, economic and security benefits to Iran. Based on this, first, we study the theoretical explanation of formation and continuation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and then while analyzing the reasons for non-membership of the Islamic Republic of Iran to now; the consequences of permanent membership in the current situation in this organization are examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Investigating the issue of delinquency among the youth population
Masoud Jahanbani Maryam Azizi Abdul Rasool Abbasi Nasrabad SoflaDelinquency is defined in different ways. It seems that the most complete definition given according to the opinions of experts in various fields is that a crime is an act that is contrary to the norms, rules and regulations of society, and causing it to be prosecuted. MoreDelinquency is defined in different ways. It seems that the most complete definition given according to the opinions of experts in various fields is that a crime is an act that is contrary to the norms, rules and regulations of society, and causing it to be prosecuted. And those who commit such acts are called criminals or delinquents. The increasing trend of delinquency in various dimensions among adolescents and young people has attracted the attention of humanities experts. In this article, the issue of delinquency among the youth population is examined. If the family is explored as the first environment in which a person develops, factors such as parental differences, discrimination between children, lack of love, absence of the father at home, delinquency of a family member Lack of proper behavior pattern, lack of understanding of children, etc. can play an effective role in children's delinquency. In addition, other factors such as economic issues, lack of proper education, employment and related factors, such as unemployment and job dissatisfaction and finally the weakness of religious beliefs in this area have been considered. Finally, suggestions are made for preventing juvenile delinquency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Unemployment, Uneven Regional Development And Spatial Patterns of Internal Migration in Iran
Rasoul SadeghiInternal migration and movement occur in response to a wide range of factors with different effectiveness. One of the important and key contexts for the formation of internal migration is spatial inequality in facilities, opportunities and development components. In thi MoreInternal migration and movement occur in response to a wide range of factors with different effectiveness. One of the important and key contexts for the formation of internal migration is spatial inequality in facilities, opportunities and development components. In this regard, the article uses the secondary analysis of the 2016 census data at the provincial and county levels to investigate the impact of youth unemployment and unequal regional development on internal migration in Iran. The results showed the spatial clusters of unemployment and underdevelopment in the country and inequality in access to economic and social resources and opportunities on the one hand, and regional differences in migration rates, on the other hand. The highest level of development and the lowest unemployment rate of young people, as well as high immigration in the central regions of the country, especially the capital. In contrast, the western, northwestern, eastern and southeastern border regions have the lowest level of development and the highest unemployment and emigration rates. Therefore, internal migration is a dynamic, multidimensional process that arises from structural conditions and regional inequalities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Presenting a Network-on-Chip Mapping Approach Based on Harmony Search Algorithm
Zahra Bagheri Fatemeh Vardi Alireza MahjoubIn network-on-chip implementation, mapping can be considered as an important step in application implementation. The tasks of an application are often represented in the form of a core graph. The cores establish a link between themselves using a communication platform a MoreIn network-on-chip implementation, mapping can be considered as an important step in application implementation. The tasks of an application are often represented in the form of a core graph. The cores establish a link between themselves using a communication platform and often the network on the chip. For finding proper mapping for an application, developers have proposed various algorithms. In most cases, due to the complexity, exact search methods are used to find the mapping. However, these methods are suitable for networks with small dimensions. As the size of the network increases, the search time also increases exponentially. This article, from the perspective of a heuristic approach, uses the harmony search method to decide when to connect cores to routers. Our approach uses an improved version of the harmony search algorithm with a focus on reducing power consumption and delay. Algorithm complexity analysis reveals a more appropriate solution compared to similar algorithms with respect to application traffic pattern. Compared to similar methods, the algorithm achieves 39.98% less delay and 61.11% saving in power consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Examining the Relationship between Academic Engagement with Academic Procrastination, School Absenteeism and Academic Performance with Mediating Role of Academic Buoyancy in Students
vali piri Manijhe Shehni Yailagh Askar atashafrouzThe objective of the current study is evaluating the precedent model (academic engagement) and the consequences (academic procrastination, absenteeism and academic performance) of academic buoyancy in high school students in Ilam province. This inquiry is a correlationa MoreThe objective of the current study is evaluating the precedent model (academic engagement) and the consequences (academic procrastination, absenteeism and academic performance) of academic buoyancy in high school students in Ilam province. This inquiry is a correlational study that with regards to the nature of the research and its objectives, the structural equation modeling method is used. The statistical population includes all 11th grade high school students in Ilam province and the research sample includes 625 subjects selected as cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Rio and Tseng (2011) Student Engagement Questionnaire, Martin & Marsh (2008) and Solomon & Roth Bloom (1984) academic procrastination questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was used to calculate the results. The model indices showed that the model is data fit. The results indicated that there is a direct positive and significant relationship between academic buoyancy and academic performance, academic engagement and academic buoyancy. There is also a direct negative and significant relationship between academic buoyancy and academic procrastination and students' absence from school, school absenteeism and academic performance. academic procrastination and academic performance. Other results of the study are that there is an indirect negative relationship between academic engagement and academic procrastination and absenteeism through academic mediation, and a positive and significant indirect relationship between academic achievement and academic performance through students' academic performance through academic procrastination. Also, absenteeism from school has a significant indirect relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 -
مجید محمدشفیعی Maryam Zamani Samani -
Open Access Article
129 - Psychometric Indices of Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale: A Factor for Predicting Students’ Academic Procrastination
hamidreza hassanabadi seyed saeed torabiIn the last few decades, sensation-seeking has been noticed as a complex, dynamic, and multidimensional personality trait that affects risky behaviors. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the psychometric properties of Zuckerman's sensation seekin MoreIn the last few decades, sensation-seeking has been noticed as a complex, dynamic, and multidimensional personality trait that affects risky behaviors. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the psychometric properties of Zuckerman's sensation seeking scale among undergraduate students. Among the undergraduate students of Damghan city 260 people were selected by following the inclusion and exclusion criteria using a multi-stage random cluster sampling method in May 2020. Then, they responded to Zuckerman's (1971) sensation seeking, Pintrich and DeGroot (1990) self-efficacy and McCloskey and Silzo (2015) academic procrastination scales in the same order. The results showed that the four-factor structure of sensitivity to monotony, experience-seeking, adventure, and disinhibition of Zuckerman's sensation-seeking scale had a favorable fit with the data and their internal consistency reliability ranged from 0.61 for adventure to 0.78 for sensitivity. Correlation coefficients of sensation seeking subscales with self-efficacy scale to estimate divergent validity indicated non-significant and negative values in line with hypothesis confirmation. The findings of the step-by-step multiple regression also showed that the components of sensitivity to monotony and adventure could explain 27% of the variance of academic procrastination. It seems that the results of the present study provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the sensation-seeking scale as a strong tool for measuring the risky and sensation-seeking behaviors of adolescents by researchers, therapists, and counselors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Relationship between quality of life and academic compatibility with academic procrastination in Yasouj schools
Gulnar Salehikhah Ata Allah nik goftar Farsheta TavousiThe purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between quality of life and academic compatibility with academic procrastination in Yasouj schools. For this purpose, a sample of 380 sixth grade female students of Yasouj schools was selected by multi-sta MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between quality of life and academic compatibility with academic procrastination in Yasouj schools. For this purpose, a sample of 380 sixth grade female students of Yasouj schools was selected by multi-stage sampling method. The procrastination questionnaires of Solomon and Rothblum (1984), the students' adjustment questionnaire (1993), and the quality of life in school questionnaire of Anderson and Brook (2000) were completed by the subjects. The analysis of the results from the implementation of Pearson correlation showed that academic procrastination with adjustment Education and quality of life in school and academic grade have a significant negative correlation. Also, academic adjustment has a significant positive correlation with the quality of life at school. Through multiple regression, it was found that academic adjustment and quality of life at school are suitable predictors for academic procrastination, and academic adjustment is the strongest predictor of academic procrastination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - A review of the application of meta-heuristic algorithms in load balancing in cloud computing
Mehdi Morsali Abolfazl Toroghi Haghighat Sasan Hosseinali-ZadeBy widespread use of cloud computing, the need to improve performance and reduce latency in the cloud increases. One of the problems of distributed environments, especially clouds, is unbalanced load which results in reducing speed and efficiency and increasing delay in MoreBy widespread use of cloud computing, the need to improve performance and reduce latency in the cloud increases. One of the problems of distributed environments, especially clouds, is unbalanced load which results in reducing speed and efficiency and increasing delay in data storage and retrieval time. Various methods for load balancing in the cloud environment have been proposed, each of which has addressed the issue from its own perspective and has its advantages and disadvantages. In this research, we first provide some criteria for measuring load balance in the cloud and then examine the use of Metaheuristic methods in load balancing in the cloud environment. After introducing Metaheuristic load balancing methods, we have compared them based on the aforementioned criteria and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each. Ant Colony Algorithms, Artificial Ant Colony, Bee Colony, Artificial Bee Colony, Bee Foraging Algorithm, Particle Swarm, Cat Swarm, Simulated Annealing, Genetic Algorithm, Tabu Search, Fish Swarm and Hybrid Algorithms and etc. examined in this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Examining the basics and theories of academic procrastination in students
Hasan Ali PourgharibCurrently, academic delay and prevention of academic procrastination among students is one of the important issues of attention in the education of every country, because student procrastination is one of the important factors in the progress of students at different le MoreCurrently, academic delay and prevention of academic procrastination among students is one of the important issues of attention in the education of every country, because student procrastination is one of the important factors in the progress of students at different levels of society, including academic and social. - It is them. Procrastination is derived from the meaning of tolerating, dodging, and interacting, which means postponing tasks to another day, and in other words, procrastination is a characteristic and a behavioral defect in the form of postponing a task or a decision. giri appears. Procrastination is a complex process that includes emotional, cognitive and behavioral dimensions. Various views have been examined in this field. Each of them has made different efforts to understand the causes of people's procrastination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Analysis of Ethical Principles of Disciplinary and Educational Responses to Juvenile Delinquency from the Perspective of Islamic Criminal Law
roh allah ebrahimi mohamad ali haji deh abadi ALIREZA HOSSINIEthical principles Disciplinary and educational responses to juvenile delinquency reflect the facts and rules that have a moral character and are used as a response to the crimes and violations of children and adolescents in order to maintain and promote their moral cha MoreEthical principles Disciplinary and educational responses to juvenile delinquency reflect the facts and rules that have a moral character and are used as a response to the crimes and violations of children and adolescents in order to maintain and promote their moral characteristics and legitimacy. The answers are in the light of observing these principles. The present article has examined the nature of these principles by descriptive-analytical method and based on reference to authoritative Islamic sources. The findings of the study indicate that in Islamic law, the ethical foundations of disciplinary and educational responses to juvenile delinquency are diverse in addition to persuasion. Engaging in the development of the child, correcting and rehabilitating, promoting and exalting the moral virtues of love-loving and justice-oriented are among the principles that are used to change the way of thinking and beliefs of children and adolescents and to reconstruct or create moral feelings and virtues. ¬ Restraint on moral behaviors based on religious and Islamic teachings are used and from this perspective help to restore public order and security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - A comparative study of the opinions of clients and managers of non-governmental employment agencies regarding the relationship between service marketing factors and customer attraction
Fereydon omidiOrganizations with whatever purpose they are formed, are required to satisfy their customers. This requirement comes from the divine commands to preserve the dignity of human beings, from the law and social motivations, as well as from the necessity of providing organiz MoreOrganizations with whatever purpose they are formed, are required to satisfy their customers. This requirement comes from the divine commands to preserve the dignity of human beings, from the law and social motivations, as well as from the necessity of providing organizational benefits to obtain appropriate profits. The purpose of this research is to compare the opinions of clients and non-governmental recruitment managers regarding the relationship between service factors and location in order to improve the performance of non-governmental recruitment to obtain more satisfaction from clients and attract more of them. The research sample includes managers and clients of non-governmental employment agencies in Khuzestan province (N=260), according to available sources and special questionnaires on the effect of mixed marketing factors. The service by attracting customers and the characteristics of non-governmental employment services, a researcher-made questionnaire has been used. In this research, two types of tests have been used, the sum of ranks test and the Faridman test, considering that there were two types of independent statistical population (statistical population of managers and statistical population of customers), these tests were used to test the hypotheses. . The obtained results show. There is a significant difference between the opinions of clients and non-government recruitment managers regarding the mixed factors of service marketing and location. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Investigating the impact of using interface management on reducing rework in construction projects
ali hashemi محمدحسین محمودی ساریDue to the increase in the complexity and size of construction projects, the significant increase in the stakeholders involved in the project, the increase in the speed of project implementation and the risk variables caused by these factors, the management of construct MoreDue to the increase in the complexity and size of construction projects, the significant increase in the stakeholders involved in the project, the increase in the speed of project implementation and the risk variables caused by these factors, the management of construction projects faces significant challenges. . Also, the characteristics of construction projects, poor supervision of the project workshop, construction complexities, the existence of temporary multi-organizational nature, sub-contracts and interdisciplinary contracts in a project cause various interface issues. Also, recent construction projects in Iran have experienced significant rework and unwanted changes during the implementation phase, which has a negative impact on the project's performance. The analysis of the classification of construction rework and the factors affecting them shows that a significant part of the unwanted changes and the resulting conflicts in the projects are due to the lack of proper coordination, inefficient or delayed communication. between the project parties and the failure to explain the delivery requirements and in general poor interface management and lack of coordination between the different participants of the project in the implementation phase, which directly or indirectly affect the performance of the project and rework They create The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of using common interface management in reducing rework in construction projects, which identifies the main causes of rework in construction projects so that with their help, the effect of using interface management on the reduction of redundancies and as a result the improvement of project performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Improvement of intrusion detection system on Industrial Internet of Things based on deep learning using metaheuristic algorithms
mohammadreza zeraatkarmoghaddam majid ghayoriDue to the increasing use of industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems, one of the most widely used security mechanisms is intrusion detection system (IDS) in the IIoT. In these systems, deep learning techniques are increasingly used to detect attacks, anomalies or i MoreDue to the increasing use of industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems, one of the most widely used security mechanisms is intrusion detection system (IDS) in the IIoT. In these systems, deep learning techniques are increasingly used to detect attacks, anomalies or intrusions. In deep learning, the most important challenge for training neural networks is determining the hyperparameters in these networks. To overcome this challenge, we have presented a hybrid approach to automate hyperparameter tuning in deep learning architecture by eliminating the human factor. In this article, an IDS in IIoT based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and recurrent neural network based on short-term memory (LSTM) using metaheuristic algorithms of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Whale (WOA) is used. This system uses a hybrid method based on neural networks and metaheuristic algorithms to improve neural network performance and increase detection rate and reduce neural network training time. In our method, considering the PSO-WOA algorithm, the hyperparameters of the neural network are determined automatically without the intervention of human agent. In this paper, UNSW-NB15 dataset is used for training and testing. In this research, the PSO-WOA algorithm has use optimized the hyperparameters of the neural network by limiting the search space, and the CNN-LSTM neural network has been trained with this the determined hyperparameters. The results of the implementation indicate that in addition to automating the determination of hyperparameters of the neural network, the detection rate of are method improve 98.5, which is a good improvement compared to other methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - The Systematically Reviewing Studies Related to Academic Procrastination to Identify a Model and Theoretical Framework
mojtaba beyrami parvin kadivar hadi keramati mehdi arabzadeh Javad KavousianAbstract: The aim of the present study was to systematically reviewing studies related to academic procrastination to identify a model and theoretical framework. This re-search was a secondary study and according to the implementation method was consi-dered as a systema MoreAbstract: The aim of the present study was to systematically reviewing studies related to academic procrastination to identify a model and theoretical framework. This re-search was a secondary study and according to the implementation method was consi-dered as a systematic review. By searching in valid data-bases and studies that have dealt with the issue of academic pro-crastination from various aspects in the period of 2001-2021 and based on the PRISMA method, after identifying 1645 ar-ticles and screening 154 articles, among them 43 articles were selected for review.The results showed that predictors and correlators of academic procrastination were classified in five psychological approaches including: personality, contextual-environmental, cogni-tive- neuro-logical, emotional, and motiva-tional-volitional and categorized by internal and external consequences. The results of this classification led to the presentation of a comprehensive theoretical framework entitled the "Pentagon model of academic procrastin-ation" in which the inter-action between approaches and outcomes were emphasised. Based on these results, practical and research suggestions were provided for further research in the field of academic procrastination (passive and active(. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Criminological Legal-Sociological Analysis of Street Children's Delinquency (From Family to Society and Industry)
zahra Aghababa fahim mostafa zade Alireza MOHAMMADBEYKIThe problem of delinquency and victimization of children and teenagers is one of the important social issues that has been very busy in today's world. Since then, the majority of researchers, sociologists, criminologists, psychologists, psychiatrists and education speci MoreThe problem of delinquency and victimization of children and teenagers is one of the important social issues that has been very busy in today's world. Since then, the majority of researchers, sociologists, criminologists, psychologists, psychiatrists and education specialists in the modern countries of the world have been trying to find a solution to prevent crime among children and teenagers. Various opinions have been expressed about the reason for the increase in crime and victimization in our time. Some of the researchers consider the increase in crime in today's world to be one of the specialties of the current civilized societies and they believe that in the same proportion as human beings advance with all their might towards industrial and material progress and development, in the same proportion, breaking the law, delinquency and committing anti-social acts in Industrial societies are expanding and spiritual peace and tranquility are decreasing in such societies. Accordingly, in this article, with the descriptive-analytical method and content analysis, he investigated this important issue in the collection of Islamic penal laws, labor, criminal procedure and protection of children and adolescents, and the most important result of this study is that the examination of the various articles of the above four laws There are complete and progressive rules and regulations in the field of children and adolescents in Iran's legal system, but the most important obstacle is in the implementation process and its guarantees. The most important suggestion is not to enter this group into criminal-punitive proceedings Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - The Efficacy of Compassion-Based Psychotherapy on Self-Awareness and Sexual Self-Esteem of Women with Sexual Dysfunction Symptoms
Siavash Lajevardi farshid khosropour hamid Mollayee ZarandiSexual dysfunction is often accompanied by emotional imbalance, diminished psychological and sexual self-esteem. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-based psychotherapy on self-awareness and sexual self-esteem of women with sexual dysfuncti MoreSexual dysfunction is often accompanied by emotional imbalance, diminished psychological and sexual self-esteem. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-based psychotherapy on self-awareness and sexual self-esteem of women with sexual dysfunction symptoms. A semi- experimental research design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up measurements was employed. The study population consisted of married women with sexual dysfunction who sought counseling in the family counselling centers in Tehran between January 2023 to April 2023. The research sample included 30 women with sexual dysfunction who were purposefully selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to two groups: experimental(15 participants) and control (15 participants). Data were collected using the Female Sexual Function Index, the short form of the Sexual Self-Esteem Scale, and the Self-Compassion Scale. The experimental group received 12 sessions of 90-minute compassion-based psychotherapy, while the control group did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24 software through repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post- hoc test. The results of repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant differences between post-test and follow-up measurements of the experimental and control groups in sexual self-esteem and self-awareness scores (p ≤ 0.001). The therapeutic effects were maintained during the 3-month follow- up. Based on the findings, compassion-based psychotherapy was found to be effective in enhancing self- awareness and sexual self-esteem of women with sexual dysfunction symptoms. Therefore, further research is recommended to explore the efficacy of this approach and compare it with other evidence- based treatments in larger samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Developing and validation of the procrastination in prayer scale (PPS)
Mohammad Reza Asadi Younesi morteza pordel Seyed Alireza Ghasemi<p>Establishing prayer,while communicating with God,creates positive psychological and physical effects in the praying person.Despite these valuable physical and psychological effects of prayer for humans,it is frequently observed that many people of different ages,from More<p>Establishing prayer,while communicating with God,creates positive psychological and physical effects in the praying person.Despite these valuable physical and psychological effects of prayer for humans,it is frequently observed that many people of different ages,from childhood to adulthood,neglect and lack the necessary seriousness in establishing and performing prayer.Due to the fact that the method of measuring a construct such as procrastination in prayer plays an important role in the results of researches surrounding it and consequently the intervention applications resulting from it, and so far,no scale for this construct has been constructed and validated,the present study aims to construct and validate a scale There was general negligence in prayer.The method of the current research was descriptive and tool construction and was done in four stages including gathering and determining issues or sources of procrastination,testing the questionnaire to determine the validity(CVI),checking and selecting the questions of the questionnaire and validating the final form of the questionnaire.Overall,the research results showed that the total score has a high internal consistency(0.89).Also,the results of the factor analysis showed that the constructed scale consists of 5factors that explain63.03%of the total variance. Among these, the first factor with a specific value of7.193, about29.97%of the total variance,the second factor with a specific value of3.116,about12.98% of the total variance and the fifth factor with a specific value of1.156,about4.81%of the total variance of the variables are justified.Therefore, according to the results of this research,the general scale of procrastination in prayer has good validity and can be used to conduct extensive related research.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - A Reflection on the Two Dimensions of Human Rights and the Rights of Pilgrim Tourists in the Mina Tragedy with an Emphasis on the Role of Relevant Organizations
Sommaye EshkevaryanThe violation of human rights, both as a customary rule and as rights enshrined in human rights documents, was evident in the Mina tragedy. More than ever, the intervention of the United Nations as an organization that safeguards peace and human rights was needed, using MoreThe violation of human rights, both as a customary rule and as rights enshrined in human rights documents, was evident in the Mina tragedy. More than ever, the intervention of the United Nations as an organization that safeguards peace and human rights was needed, using the capacities of the Security Council and the Human Rights Council to assist the victims' families. Additionally, peaceful resolution of this tragedy required the intervention of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, which, according to its goals, should have entered into negotiations and provided a platform for cooperation between two governments. But since then, these pilgrims are known as religious tourism, and tourism has been a natural human right, Any government that recognizes this right and allows entry into its territory, In return, he will be obliged to respect the rights of tourists While these rights have been violated by the Saudi government as the host government And this will be a proof of the responsibility of the Saudi government and it was deserved that the World Tourism Organization paid attention to these violated rights. Finally, it should be said that the right of these victims is largely due to the role of the Iranian diplomatic delegation in the upcoming negotiations, To follow up on this tragedy by insisting on the formation of a fact-finding committee and other political methods and predicting measures to prevent such tragedies from happening. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Exploring Architectural Ornamentation: A Focus on Tile Decorations in Painting Schools
Negar Hassani Fakhrabadi Mohammad Hossein Hassani Fakhrabadi<p>Visual documents, including paintings, are among the most important sources in researching the history of Iranian architecture. However, the capacities and special importance of these paintings have not been sufficiently emphasized and utilized in architectural resea More<p>Visual documents, including paintings, are among the most important sources in researching the history of Iranian architecture. However, the capacities and special importance of these paintings have not been sufficiently emphasized and utilized in architectural research. Therefore, there is a need for a deeper examination and analysis of these paintings and their effects on architecture. The Herat School stands as one of the significant schools in the history of Iranian architecture. This school is capable of realistically representing the architectural spaces of the Timurid period, which is particularly important because the architecture of this period exhibits realistic and reflective features of Islamic architectural elements. In this article, the level of realism of the tile decorations in Behzad's paintings has been investigated and analyzed. The current research method is non-experimental and based on an interpretive-historical approach. In fact, by prioritizing the logic of "the possibility of extracting documents in the field" and "the extraction of images used in the documents" as inferential and indicative conditions in the logic of research evidence, random sampling has been utilized. The research structure, relying on Behzad's images and architectural concepts depicted in his paintings, begins with an introduction from this artist and then proceeds to analyze the influential real buildings in those works.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Providing a model of organizational communication in the context of remote work
اکبر حسن¬پور سعید جعفری¬نیا Elham Heydari majid mohamadipourIn the recent years, the emergence and increase of interest in remote working has brought organizational communication into a new field. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to provide a model of organizational communication in the context of remote work. The meth MoreIn the recent years, the emergence and increase of interest in remote working has brought organizational communication into a new field. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to provide a model of organizational communication in the context of remote work. The method of this research is thematic analysis. At first, 90 scientific works were identified in reliable scientific databases, and after reviewing the content related to the research, finally 30 works were directly used to determine the primary codes. To measure the validity of the research, two methods of researcher self-review and transferability were used, and for reliability, two methods of retesting and between two coders were used. Based on the analysis, a complete set of final themes including 32 primary codes, 21 basic themes, and 9 organizing themes was provided. Therefore, the factors affecting organizational communication include internal states, communication skills and social intelligence of the individual along with the level of formality and organizational complexity. In the field of organizational communication methods in the context of remote working, working from home, hybrid work and selective methods were extracted as operational methods, and open communication and interaction were extracted as communication methods. Also, two groups of individual requirements including home communication atmosphere and remote work skills and organizational requirements including human resources, political and technical factors have been proposed. Its consequences include organizational citizenship behavior, employee support behaviors, organizational identity, organizational commitment, and employee job satisfaction. Also, its implementation faces two groups of cultural and infrastructural problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - The Relationship Between Academic Excitement and Academic Procrastination Among Female Teenagers of the Second Secondary Level in Gorgan City
Maryam sadat Moosavi akram sanagoo<p>The purpose of this research was to predict academic procrastination through the academic emotions of the second high school female students. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of correlational data collection. The statistical popu More<p>The purpose of this research was to predict academic procrastination through the academic emotions of the second high school female students. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of correlational data collection. The statistical population of the present study includes all female students of the second secondary level of Gorgan city in the academic year of 2011-2012, whose number was 4501. According to Morgan's table, the number of samples equal to 354 female students of the second secondary level were selected using available sampling. The research tool in this study was a standard questionnaire, which was used for procrastination from Sawari's academic procrastination questionnaire, and for measuring academic emotions, Pakran et al.'s questionnaire was used. After collecting and extracting the data, the scores of the participants were analyzed using Pearson's correlation method and then multivariate regression analysis using SPSS-27 software. The results of the correlation coefficient between the research variables were significant. The results show that the regression model using the simultaneous method (Enter) variables of positive emotions (β=0.463), negative emotions (β=0.131), and academic emotions (β=0.117) are significant predictors of procrastination. are academic work (P>0.001). The research showed that the variables of positive emotions, negative emotions, and academic emotions are significant predictors of academic procrastination.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - The effect of ethical characteristics of managers on the relationship between conservatism and cost of equity
Saied AhmadVand Azita Jahanshad<p>One of the tools and mechanisms of drafting accounting standards is conservatism. Conservatism has been proposed as a useful tool for the board of directors in order to fully implement key tasks such as determining strategies, comprehensive supervision of the company More<p>One of the tools and mechanisms of drafting accounting standards is conservatism. Conservatism has been proposed as a useful tool for the board of directors in order to fully implement key tasks such as determining strategies, comprehensive supervision of the company's executive directors, and ensuring accountability to shareholders and stakeholders in recent years. Conservatism is placed as a criterion of pessimism in front of the manager's optimism to increase the quality of profit. Studies show that managers do not always behave in a completely rational way, and under the influence of characteristics such as optimism, overconfidence, etc., they may make irrational decisions that have an important impact on the company's financial and operational activities. On the other hand, one of the basic elements in making investment decisions is the cost of equity, which decreases the economic added value of companies. In order to maintain the value of the economic unit, the management should try to bring the expected return to at least the level of the cost of equity. In this, the key to success is reducing the cost of equity. Therefore, this research seeks to answer the question of whether the moral characteristics of managers have an effect on the non-linear relationship between accounting conservatism and the cost of equity? This research has been carried out in the framework of inductive-inductive arguments. In this research, library and field methods were used to collect information. The theoretical bases and researches carried out were used as a library basis. The statistical population of this research includes all the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the financial periods of 1392-1401. According to Cochran's formula, the number of samples used in this research has been obtained for an error of 0.085 (about 8.5%). According to the findings of the research, with the increase of managers' overconfidence, the relationship between managers' conservatism and the cost of equity will weaken, and there is an inverse relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Also, with the increase in managers' optimism, the relationship between the conservatism of managers and the cost of equity is strengthened, and there is a direct relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Also, with the increase of overconfidence, the cost of equity will decrease and there is an inverse relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Also, with the increase of the company size variable, the relationship between managers' conservatism and the cost of equity weakens, and there is an inverse relationship between the independent and dependent variable. This variable supports the linear relationship between managers' conservatism and the cost of equity.</p> Manuscript profile
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