Assessing the factors affecting China's economic interaction with selected trade blocs, Comparative study; Persian Gulf Cooperation Council and Eurasia
Subject Areas : Politicsmehrdad Alipour 1 , reza simbar 2
1 -
2 -
Keywords: Political Economy of Foreign PolicyPersian Gulf Cooperation CouncilChinaEconomic MercantilismEurasia,
Abstract :
Given China's urgent need for sustainable energy to reduce energy vulnerabilities and maximize its growing power in international politics and relations, the rising country has sought to build energy cooperation in recent years. A special political-economic relationship with the countries present in the GCC and the Eurasian Strategic Region will emerge. In this regard, the authors of the present study with a descriptive-analytical-comparative approach and based on library documents, have sought to answer the strategic question that the People's Republic of China in the light of deepening relations by analyzing and examining the growing presence of Beijing in these areas. What are its political and economic goals with the member states of the Persian Gulf Council and the actors in the Eurasian strategic sphere? The hypothesis raised by the above question is that Beijing, taking into account the economic weight of the countries present in the mentioned regions and given their special position in the belt-road initiative, has tried to pursue its new geopolitical strategies through effort. To ensure sustainable security of access to energy, maintain target markets based on the Belt-Road Initiative, as well as increase cooperation with regional partners, extend to the Persian Gulf and Eurasia.
فارسی
ارغوانی پیر سلامی، فریبرز و میر احمدی، سعید (1398). تبیین سیاست موازنهسازی منطقهای چین در خاورمیانه، فصلنامه سیاست جهانی، ۸ (28)، صص 176 - 139.
جمشیدی، محمد و خاتمی، حسام (1399). نقش ابتکار یک کمربند- یک راه در نظم نوین اقتصادی چین، فصلنامه سیاست، مجلۀ دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، 50 (1)، صص 20 - 1.
درج، حمید و فلاحت پیشه، حشمتالله (1398). صفآرایی ایران، روسیه و چین در مقابل آمریکا در صحنۀ ژئوپلیتیک اوراسیا، مجلّۀ پژوهشهای جغرافیای سیاسی، سال چهارم، 1 (13)، صص 62 - 23.
دهشیار، حسین و سینا نورانی، سید امیر (1399). ناسیونالیسم اقتصادی دونالد ترامپ و رهیافت شبکهای در سیاست خارجی آمریکا، فصلنامه مطالعات روابط بینالملل، 13(49)، صص 74 - 43.
رکابیان، رشید و علهپور، مهرداد (1399). آوردگاه راهبردی ایندوپاسیفیک و رویارویی پکن- واشنگتن در عصر پساجنگ سرد (2019- 2010)، پژوهشنامۀ ایرانی سیاست بینالملل، ۸ (2)، صص 138- 113.
شاهمنصوری، تاج احمد و شامیری، افشین (1389). اهداف و منافع چین در آسیای مرکزی پس از 11 سپتامبر از همکاری و همجواری تا دیپلماسی اقتصادی بینالمللی، فصلنامه مطالعات آسیای مرکزی و قفقاز، (68)، صص 88 - 75.
محمودیکیا، محمد (1398). سیاست خارجی خاورمیانهای چین در پرتوِ نظم نوین جهانی، فصلنامه سیاست خارجی، ۳۳ (3)، صص 28 - 1.
مدرس، محمدولی و صفینژاد، ابوالحسن (1398). نقش ناسیونالیسم اقتصادی در استمرار روند اصلاحات در اقتصاد سیاسی چین، فصلنامه سیاست جهانی، ۸ (4)، صص 30 - 7.
میرترابی، سید سعید. قربانی، ارسلان. منوّری، سید علی و کشوریان آزاد، محسن (1399). ابتکار چندجانبهگرایی مالی چین و چالش نظم مالی بینالمللی (2019 - 2008)، فصلنامه مطالعات اقتصاد سیاسی بینالملل، ۳ (۲)، صص 408 - 383.
وکیلی، بهنام. قربانی شیخنشین، ارسلان و میر ترابی، سید سعید (1398). ابتکار یک کمربند یکراه، نهادگرایی و دیپلماسی انرژی چین، فصلنامه تحقیقات سیاسی بینالمللی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرضا، (41)، صص 89 - 70.
English Source
Aeinvand, H. (2018). Explaining China's and Russia's Anti-Hegemonic Policies against the United States. International Journal of National Research, (3)32, 67-94
Ahmadipour, Z & Lashgari, E. (2012). Theoretical and Experimental Recognition of the Concept of a Strategic Zone in Eurasian Supercontinent. Central Eurasia Studies, 4 (9), 1-20.
Almujeem, N. S (2021). GCC countries geo economic significance China’s geopolitical ends. Review of Economics & Political Science. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-11-2019-0152.
Blank, S. J. (2007). U.S. Interest in Central Asia and Their Challenges, Strategic Studies Institute, Available at: http:// www. Strategic Studies Institute.army.mil/.
Cai, Peter (2017). Understanding China’s Belt and Road Initiative, The Lowy
Chen, Mo (2011), Exploring Economic Relations between China and the GCC States. Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), Vol. 5, No 4, pp. 88-105.
CIA-World Fact Book (2018). The World Fact Book". (Observed 2018, 12, 15) at:https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/theworldfactbook/rankorder/2001rank.html.
Cornet, Alexandre (2018). The Strategic Challenges of the Silk Roads", Asia Focus, No. 79, pp. 1-13.
Farjirad, A., & Shabani, M. (2013). Russian Politics in Central Asia and the Caucasus and its Challenges after the Cold War. Geographical Journal of the Land, 10 (39), 1-18.
Garlick, Jeremy and Havlova, Radka (2020). China’s “Belt and Road. Economic Diplomacy in the Persian Gulf: Strategic Hedging amidst Saudi – Iranian Regional Rivalry. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, Vol. 49, No. 1. Pp. 82 – 105. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/ doi/ full/10.1177/1868102619898706
Gertz, B. (2005). China builds up strategic sea lanes. Washington Times, USA, January 18.
Giacomo Zoppolati, David (2021). China’s Western horizon: Beijing and the new geopolitics of Eurasia. New York, Oxford University Press, pp. 336. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/ 10.1080/ 15387216. 2021.1918201?scroll=top&needAccess=true.
Girgin, D. (2016). Analyzing of the Geopolitical Energy confrontation in the caucuses: Role of Iran, after sanction were Lifted. International Journal of Humanities and social science, Vol. 6, No. (2).
Grubacic, S. and Schuster, J. (2018). Economic nationalism in the history of international economics. International Journal of Pluralism and Economics Education. Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 300-317.
https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=43216
Institute for International Policy, Available Online at: https://www. lowyinstitute. org/publications/understanding-belt-and-road-initiative
Kazantsev, Andrei and Medvedeva, Syetlana and Safranchuk, Ivan (2021). Between Russia and China: Central Asia in Greater Eurasia, Journal of Eurasian Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 57-71.
Lukin, Alexander (2020). Sino – Russian Cooperation as the basis for Greater Eurasia, Human Affairs, Vol. 30. No. 2. Pp. 174-188.
Lum, Thomas (2010), China and the U. S: Comparing Global Influence, New York: Nova Science Publisher.
Lupo-Pasini, F. (2019). The Rise of Nationalism in International Finance: The Perennial Lure of Populism in International Financial Relations. Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law. Vol. 30, No. 91, pp 93-141.
Mechstroth, D. (2015). China Solidifies Its Position as the World’s Largest Manufacturer.
Miller, Tom (2017). China's Asian Dream: Empire Building along the New Silk Road. Zed Books Ltd, London, Available at: www.Zedbooks.net
Monaghan, A. (2014). China Surpasses US as World's Largest Trading Nation. The Guardian, No. 10.
Nakano, T. (2004). Theorising economic nationalism. Nations and Nationalism. 10(3), pp 211-229.
Nazemroaya, M. D., & Halliday, D. J. (2012). The Globalization of NATO, London, England: Clarity Press, INC, September 15, 1- 412.
NDRC (National Development and Reform Commission), 2015, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, with State Council Authorization, at: http://en.ndrc.gov.cn
Olcott, Martha, B. (2004). Russia- Chinese Relations in a Changing Asia. Washington DC, USA: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Phil, H. (2018). Trump’s new militarism – “United States prepares wars against
Russia and China. Europe Solidaire Sans Frontières, March 26, Available at: http://www.europe solidaire.org/spip.php?article43811.
Shakhanova, Gaziza and Garlick, Jeremy (2020). The Belt and Road initiative and the Eurasian Economic Union: Exploring the Greater Eurasian Partnership, Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, Vol. 49. No. 1, pp. 33-57.
Swartz, Spencer and Shai Oster (2010), China Tops U.S. in Energy Use: Asian Giant Emerges as Theory, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, Vol. 10, No, 2.
Talmiz, Ahmad (2021). Russia and China Place Eurasia at the Heart of the Post-Pandemic World Order, Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 1 – 33. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/25765949.2021.1881325.
TradeMap (2018), Yearly Time Series. (Observed 2018, 11, 25) at: https://www.trademap.org/Index.aspx.
Turki Al-Sudairi, Mohammed (2012), Sino-Saudi Relations: An Economic History, Gulf Research Center, August, pp. 1-38. (Observed 2018, 11, 12) at: www.grc.net.
Weede, Erich (2010), the Capitalist Peace and the Rise of China: Establishing Global Harmony by Economic Interdependence. International Interactions: Empirical and Theoretical Research in International Relations. Vol. 36, No 2, pp. 206-213.