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Open Access Article
1 - ivvestigation of human resource productivity fot research center(case study:research institute of petrolume industry)
rohollah ghabeziInvestigation of human capital productivity for research centers (Case study: Research Institute of Petroleum Industry) Abstract Productivity improvement in organizations is one of the features of today’s developed societies. Given the strategic importance of educated h MoreInvestigation of human capital productivity for research centers (Case study: Research Institute of Petroleum Industry) Abstract Productivity improvement in organizations is one of the features of today’s developed societies. Given the strategic importance of educated human capital for research organizations, this study has been done for investigating factors affecting the productivity of human capital in the Research institute of Petroleum Industry. Statistical population of this study consist of employees are working in Research institute of Petroleum Industry. For data collection, the methods such as library research, interviews and questionnaires have been used. Collected Information was analyzed by use of SPSS statistical software. After statistical analysis, the results show that these factors affect the productivity of human resources at the Research Institute of Petroleum Industry. Finally, in order to improve the productivity of this Research Center many suggestions are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - developing a model to analyze the level of university – industry cooperation with used Interpretive Structural modeling
aliakbar aminbidokhti drnemati drnemati alimohammad rezaei ahmad mohammadiABSTRACT Cooperation between university and industry is not a new topic. Although there are some tested and used models for characterizing and analyzing this cooperation, these models have proven to be inefficient and unsuccessful in some countries. Therefore in this st MoreABSTRACT Cooperation between university and industry is not a new topic. Although there are some tested and used models for characterizing and analyzing this cooperation, these models have proven to be inefficient and unsuccessful in some countries. Therefore in this study we developed a model to analyze the level of university – industry cooperation in Iran. Furthermore we identified and ranked the barriers hampering and blocking this cooperation. In order to do so we used Interpretive Structural modeling (ISM) and Friedman test. Since ISM is based on the views of scholars we asked 33 experts both from university and industry to provide their views and comments about the present condition of university – industry cooperation. Using research findings we ranked barriers that hamper university – industry cooperation respectively as: 1- lack of trust between industry sector and academia; 2- lack of demand – centered research and dissertations; and 3-motivational issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Total Rewards for Knowledge Workers: Developing a Model in Small and Medium Enterprises
hadise khorramiRecent study aims to provide a model for Total Rewards for knowledge workers of small and medium enterprises. Compensation in this research is explained based on the human capital approach and the synthesis of research literature in four dimensions: pay, benefits, work MoreRecent study aims to provide a model for Total Rewards for knowledge workers of small and medium enterprises. Compensation in this research is explained based on the human capital approach and the synthesis of research literature in four dimensions: pay, benefits, work environment and Learning and development. The present study was carried out with a mixed approach. An interview method used to develop the model in the qualitative study. Then a structural equation modeling approach is used to verify the model. Qualitative data analyzed using content analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis technique utilized in quantitative verification study. Findings showed that pay, development and growth, work environment and benefits are respectively have the most explanation in the model. Based on the findings of the research, we presented executive implications and further research topics for small and medium business environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Identifying and Ranking Innovative Capabilities in SME of IRAN
emad shiehSuccess of organizations is mainly rooted in innovation. Nowadays innovation in the current theological place plays significant and crucial role for the organizations and most organizations seek for creation of new ideas so that utilize the knowledge for supplying new p MoreSuccess of organizations is mainly rooted in innovation. Nowadays innovation in the current theological place plays significant and crucial role for the organizations and most organizations seek for creation of new ideas so that utilize the knowledge for supplying new products and services for the customers and stakeholders, and accordingly they can develop necessary infrastructures for innovation. This research was conducted in order to identify factors and indexes affecting innovative capabilities in small and medium-sized enterprises with five main factors and 20 dimensions. These factors and dimensions included: Individual factor (knowledge, skill, personality characteristics, and motivation), team factor (combination, solidarity, relationship, size), organizational factor (culture, systems and processes, strategies, leadership and organization, learning), industrial factor (networking, suppliers, customers, and competition), national factor (governmental incentives, regulations, environmental conditions), and 86 indexes. Effectiveness level of these indexes on innovative capabilities was evaluated following designing the questionnaire and distributing it among 306 experts and staff of small and medium-sized enterprises of Markazi province, and research model was fitted using structural equations and IMOS software. Finally 80 indexes with 5 main factors and 20 dimensions were accepted for the designed model. According to the research, successful innovative capabilities in small and medium-sized enterprises of Markazi province require attention to all above factors, dimensions, and indexes. Also results suggested that national factor gained first rank, industry factor gained second rank, organizational factor ranked as third, group factor ranked fourth, and individual factor ranked fifth. National dimension had the strongest relationship with innovative capabilities (R2 = 0.65), and individual dimension had weakest relationship with innovative capabilities (R2= 0.15). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigating the Mediating Effect of Organizational Learning Orientation-Performance Relationship under Moderating Market Turbulence (Case Study: Birjand Industrial Park SMEs)
Morteza MalekiAccording to single-dimensional researches in entrepreneurial orientation-business performance literature and lack of existence for variables contributing more clarity and progress in our understanding, more study is required to be done. The main purpose of this article MoreAccording to single-dimensional researches in entrepreneurial orientation-business performance literature and lack of existence for variables contributing more clarity and progress in our understanding, more study is required to be done. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance with regard to organizational learning orientation, as a mediator, and market turbulence, as a moderator. To assess the claim, we collected data by census method from senior managers or/and executives of all 55 active and semi-active SMEs in the Birjand Industrial Park. Findings showed that small firms having high entrepreneurial orientation show more inclination to organizational learning in the turbulent markets, but organizational learning tendency does not necessarily affect positively the performance of small firms even in changing markets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Semiautomatic Creation of Enterprise Mashups Using Semantic Descriptions
Hooman TahayoriMashups are next generation of web applications. A mashup is a lightweight web application that is created by combining information or capabilities from more than one existing resources to deliver a new and integrated experience to the user. Mashups introduce a new clas MoreMashups are next generation of web applications. A mashup is a lightweight web application that is created by combining information or capabilities from more than one existing resources to deliver a new and integrated experience to the user. Mashups introduce a new class of integration techniques in enterprises for implementing situational applications (i.e. applications that come together to solve an immediate, transient and specific business problem). In a dynamic, complex and competitive enterprise environment, it is impossible to predict and create all the future integrated applications. Enterprise mashups as a simple and quick solution helps small teams and individuals in an organization with limited knowledge in programming to create their desired integrated applications by combining and reusing internal resources of organization with resources published on the Internet. Currently there are many tools proposed by different software vendors to facilitate creating enterprise mashups. Although these tools facilitate creating enterprise mashups to some extent but still needs the mashup end-user to have some experiences in web technologies, information security and data structures of mashup components. Furthermore, the generated mashup is dependent on its components, so change or replacing a component is a complex and time-consuming task. This issue will be exacerbated in enterprise mashups that are created by knowledge workers. In this research, we aim to make creation of enterprise mashups semi-automatically by combining SOA (Service- Oriented Architecture), Semantic Web and Web 2.0 technologies. In addition, we propose a novel annotation mechanism to apply semantic descriptions and enterprise policies to the generated mashup. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Semiautomatic Creation of Enterprise Mashups Using Semantic Descriptions
shahriyar mohammadi ali khaliliMashups are next generation of web applications. A mashup is a lightweight web application that is created by combining information or capabilities from more than one existing resources to deliver a new and integrated experience to the user. Mashups introduce a new clas MoreMashups are next generation of web applications. A mashup is a lightweight web application that is created by combining information or capabilities from more than one existing resources to deliver a new and integrated experience to the user. Mashups introduce a new class of integration techniques in enterprises for implementing situational applications (i.e. applications that come together to solve an immediate, transient and specific business problem). In a dynamic, complex and competitive enterprise environment, it is impossible to predict and create all the future integrated applications. Enterprise mashups as a simple and quick solution helps small teams and individuals in an organization with limited knowledge in programming to create their desired integrated applications by combining and reusing internal resources of organization with resources published on the Internet. Currently there are many tools proposed by different software vendors to facilitate creating enterprise mashups. Although these tools facilitate creating enterprise mashups to some extent but still needs the mashup end-user to have some experiences in web technologies, information security and data structures of mashup components. Furthermore, the generated mashup is dependent on its components, so change or replacing a component is a complex and time-consuming task. This issue will be exacerbated in enterprise mashups that are created by knowledge workers. In this research, we aim to make creation of enterprise mashups semi-automatically by combining SOA (Service- Oriented Architecture), Semantic Web and Web 2.0 technologies. In addition, we propose a novel annotation mechanism to apply semantic descriptions and enterprise policies to the generated mashup. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The interaction of academic and industrial institutions based On the National Innovation System
hojjatollah hajhosseini mehdi mohammadi farhad abbasiEstablishing and strengthening the relation between academic institutions and industrial enterprises has become the most important challenge for innovation policy in different countries. From the national innovation system perspective, establishing and enhancing the m MoreEstablishing and strengthening the relation between academic institutions and industrial enterprises has become the most important challenge for innovation policy in different countries. From the national innovation system perspective, establishing and enhancing the mentioned relations will contribute for creation, transfer, diffusion and utilization of knowledge resources. In different countries, formal and informal mechanisms are used to establish the relationship among the different scientific and industrial sectors which these experiences can be advantaged for our country. In this paper, the experiences of some other countries are analyzed regarding to promote the relations between the scientific institutions comprise the universities and research centers and the industrial sector Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Modeling obstacles to the realization of plans for land use in Tehran province with a futuristic approach
Babak Jafarian Farzaneh Salami Reza برناThis paper is intended to provide an understanding and practical knowledge for officials of Tehran province in identifying and leveling out the key barriers to the implementation of land design plans in Tehran province from the point of view of applied targeting. From t MoreThis paper is intended to provide an understanding and practical knowledge for officials of Tehran province in identifying and leveling out the key barriers to the implementation of land design plans in Tehran province from the point of view of applied targeting. From the perspective of data collection method, descriptive Survey type. To conduct this research by comprehensive review and also by experts and experts, 22 effective factors were identified using a structural analysis of futures studies from 64 variables to model effective barriers to the feasibility of land allocation plans. Then, using a combined interpretation technique, interpretive structural modeling and using the questionnaire tool, the factors were ranked in eight groups. Then, after determining the levels of each of the factors and also considering the final availability matrix, the final structural-interpretative model is drawn. Based on the results, factors such as the multiplicity of rules and regulations related to the alignment of the land, the lack of institutional strategic planning In connection with the management of the province's land, the weakness of the plans and plans prepared to provide an effective model for the sustainable development of the various regions of the province, the absence of stakeholders and stakeholders in the decision-making and decision-making process in the area of land administration, the lack of appropriate rules and regulations, and Intelligent and systematic thinking for land management and clarity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Food tourism development model in Iran interpretive structural modeling approach
Farzaneh Salami majid شنذشقه BEHROUZ DarvishWith the start of the twenty-first century because of economic infrastructure, health, security, communication, tourism has become one of the world's top three industries. In recent years, tourism has grown considerably meal in one of the most dynamic and most innovativ MoreWith the start of the twenty-first century because of economic infrastructure, health, security, communication, tourism has become one of the world's top three industries. In recent years, tourism has grown considerably meal in one of the most dynamic and most innovative tourism sector has become. Gastrvnvmy the purposes and tourism companies of the importance of tourism and economic development in order to diversify the national, regional and local awareness. The aim of the present study, functional, and in terms of data collection is descriptive. And data collected through questionnaires. tourism development and integrated set of food analyzed and finally using MICMAC analysis of variables and their effects on other variables were determined according to. Underlying operating model and to start and improve our position in the industry should be emphasized in the first place. As well as encouraging the development and promotion and consumption of local foods with the four lowest leverage effect. These variables have low leverage and dependence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Climatic damages of pedestrian bridges over Tehran Metro-police
Gholamreza Barati محمود احمدی Faezeh RahmatiPedestrian bridges are among the factors that contribute to the soft traffic on the streets and express-ways of big cities. The purpose of this study was the monitoring and review of damages in foot-bridges and their vulnerabilities for pedestrians over the throughput o MorePedestrian bridges are among the factors that contribute to the soft traffic on the streets and express-ways of big cities. The purpose of this study was the monitoring and review of damages in foot-bridges and their vulnerabilities for pedestrians over the throughput of Tehran as a vast city. It was determined 710 pedestrian bridges over Tehran metro-police based on google-earth images. When this area was divided equal units based a geographical grid, the frequency of bridges decreased to 62 ones as the frequency of selected bridges (SB). It means one SB from every unit. The information of SBs was gathered by designed and verified questionnaires through several field visits. We designed final patterns based on combine of SB information and the atmospheric data of weather stations including monthly temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity over Tehran and its suburb. The patterns revealed that the slipperiness of the bridge for the pedestrians, trunk oxidation, and bridge connection oxidation increase from the south to the north of Tehran. Similarly, relative humidity increases from the south to the northwest of Tehran. Meanwhile, damages to electricity wires and cables and damages to the floor asphalt, which are observed more in the center and northeast of Tehran, have been less consistent. The pattern of "synergy of all damages to Tehran pedestrian bridges" indicated that most of the damages have occurred in the urban districts 1, 2, and 4 of Tehran. All in all, the findings of this study and other related national and international research projects showed that pedestrian bridge structure is not congruent with the hot and dry climate in the south and the temperate and semi-arid one in the north of Tehran, but the underpass structure is more congruent, less costly, and socially and culturally more flexible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Cenozoic superposed deformation in the south of Central Iran: Implication for folding and tectonic stress field in Rafsanjan structural belt
لیلا عبادی Seyd Ahmad Alavi Mohamad Reaz GhasemiThe South Central Iran Block has experienced polyphase intensive deformation in the Cenozoic time. Large-scale superposed folds in South Rafsanjan document the Cenozoic tectonic events within the South Central Iran Block. In this study, a case study of this deformation MoreThe South Central Iran Block has experienced polyphase intensive deformation in the Cenozoic time. Large-scale superposed folds in South Rafsanjan document the Cenozoic tectonic events within the South Central Iran Block. In this study, a case study of this deformation inferred from regional-scale Rafsanjan superposed folds in the south of Central Iran is presented to reconstruct the deformation sequence and tectonic regime during crustal shortening. These data indicate that the superposed folds, dominated by a two-stage tectonic transpression regime which experienced two phases of superposed folding, leading to the orthogonal superposition of WNW–ESE-trending folds onto NE–SW trending folds. Structural analyses and fault kinematic analyses in the Rafsanjan Structural Belt indicate a two-stage syn-folding paleo-stress field during the Cenozoic. The early phase of tectonism is characterized by late Miocene NW-SE transpression, which led to the development of NE-trending fold structures and causing the occurrence of an orogeny perpendicular shortening. This tectonic event was most likely associated with progressive anticlockwise rotation of the Central Iran Block. Subsequent tectonic event from Late Miocene until Quaternary contributed to a phase of contraction that overprinted the early NNE–SSW shortening in the interior parts of the studied area and generated a large-scale NE-convex fold belt and the typical large-scale superposed folds within the South of Central Iran Block. In terms of geodynamics, the later tectonism is likely to have been related to the NE-directed convergence between the Arabian and the Eurasian Plates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Investigating of seasonal change effects on suspended sediment yield using geochemical tracers
Kazem Nosrati فروزان احمدیThe objective of this study is to investigate the effect of seasonal changes on erosion and sediment yield in land-use types in Taleghani catchment, using the fingerprinting technique. In view of this, 39 soil samples including 17, 12, and 10 samples were collected from MoreThe objective of this study is to investigate the effect of seasonal changes on erosion and sediment yield in land-use types in Taleghani catchment, using the fingerprinting technique. In view of this, 39 soil samples including 17, 12, and 10 samples were collected from different sources: agriculture, rangeland, and forest, respectively. 7 samples also were collected from suspended sediments in two different seasons (3 samples in autumn and 4 samples in spring) from 2012 until 2013. After preparing the samples, 11 tracers including C, N, P, Na, K, Cu, Zn, Mg, Mn, Fe and Ca were measured as the primary tracers in sediment sources and sediment samples. Based on Kruskal-Wallis test and discriminant function analysis, four tracers including Mg, C, Zn and Ca were selected as the optimum set of tracers that can discriminate 3 sediment sources. Then sediment source samples were compared with suspended sediment samples. The results showed that the contribution of sediment sources is 67.9%, 32.1%, and 0 percent for agriculture, rangeland and forest, respectively in autumn season and the contribution of sediment sources is 44.3%, 44.3% and 11.4% for agriculture, rangeland, and forest, respectively in spring season. These results indicate the role of human activity on the erosion rate and land-use types as a very important factor in accelerating the erosion and sedimentation process in Iranian basins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - A Study of the Status of Shams-i-Tabrizi's Qur’anic Gnostic Interpretations
محمّد خدادادي مهدی ملکثابت يدالله جلالي پندريUndoubtedly, one of the greatest theosophists in the arena of Islamic theosophy is Shams al –Din Muhammad, known as "Shams Tabrizi" the well-known Sufi mystic of the seventh century AH. Who caused a great spiritual change in Jalaluddin Mawlavi. His views on variety of MoreUndoubtedly, one of the greatest theosophists in the arena of Islamic theosophy is Shams al –Din Muhammad, known as "Shams Tabrizi" the well-known Sufi mystic of the seventh century AH. Who caused a great spiritual change in Jalaluddin Mawlavi. His views on variety of mystical topics available in the only text ascribed to him, "Maqalaat-e Shams" compiled by others, are highly remarkable. He has innovative, unique views on Qur’an hermeneutics and interpretation that have not been discussed yet. Interpreting Qur’an, he reveals new layers of its which astonishes every learned researcher of Islamic mysticism. In this research we first introduce Shams’s views on interpretation in general, and the necessity of considering them, then study his views on the Qur’an hermeneutics in particular, in a systematic way. He believes that the perfect man of his time is the manifest of the Qur’an. He believes that there is no end for the layers of the Qur’an, and it is superficial to claim it has seven or seventy layers. He knows the Prophet Mohammad as the first person to interpret the Qur’an. In a general classification, we can see that Shams has used four ways to interpret Quran: 1) to interpret a word as it is used for another word or concept, 2) to interpret a verse by adding a word 3) to interpret a verse through providing the certain reason for its firs revelation, and 4) to justify some terms and expressions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - A Study of Humanities Textbooks within the Framework of Halliday's Systemic Functional Grammar from the Viewpoint of Interpersonal Metafunction
مریم اعلايی فردوس آقاگلزاده Mohammad دبیرمقدم ارسلان گلفامIn his systemic-functional grammar, Halliday believes that language is primarily aimed at conveying meaning; so speakers form the text in order to communicate what they mean. This implies that in interaction, exchanging of sounds, words or sentences is not intended; wha MoreIn his systemic-functional grammar, Halliday believes that language is primarily aimed at conveying meaning; so speakers form the text in order to communicate what they mean. This implies that in interaction, exchanging of sounds, words or sentences is not intended; what matters is the exchange of meaning. The present article investigates the humanities textbooks published by SAMT within the framework of Halliday’s functional grammar, particularly. The method adopted here is descriptive–analytic. The result obtained from the interpersonal perspective suggests that writers, making frequent use of positive predicative sentences, merely present and bombard information in the form of monologues; the relationship between the reader and the writer consequently breaks off, and writers fails to achieve their end, to wit, communicating concepts to the reader, and reach a dead-end point. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - A Research on Hayati Gilani's "Mathnavi-e Soleiman va Belqeis" and Contrasting it with some Books on History, (Quran) Interpretation and the Stories about the Prophets, accompanied by the poet's biography
یوسف اسماعیلزاده سیّد مهدی نوریان علی اصغر بابا صفریThe age of Gourkanian state is considered as a fruitful era for Persian language and literature. The care for the poets and writers from the literary kings and princes caused the promotion of Persian Language in the territory. Abolfazl Kamal al-Din Hayati Gilani was one MoreThe age of Gourkanian state is considered as a fruitful era for Persian language and literature. The care for the poets and writers from the literary kings and princes caused the promotion of Persian Language in the territory. Abolfazl Kamal al-Din Hayati Gilani was one of the famous poets of the late 10th and the early 11th centuries. He was introduced to the Gourkanian court by Abolfath Gilani. There, he acquired a lot of respect. His Mathnavi-e Soleiman va Belqeis which is a meritorious work in lyric literature, has already been ignored. In this work, Hayati focuses on Quran's abbreviation in telling the prophets' stories. This lyric- religious Mathnavi is of high value due to the poet's focus on the prophets' chastity, not including Israiiliat, referring to the resources unavailable today, and the linguistic properties, as well. The present article reviews the poet's works first, and then his Mathnavi-e Soleiman va Belqeis , contrasting it with some of the books on history, (Quran) interpretation and the prophets' stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Survey of Word Functions Contributing to the Comprehension of Sacred Texts (Study Case: Segil)
سيده زهرا مبلغIn the domain of studies related to the Holy Quran, a survey of the intermingled words usually faces two major difficulties. First; researchers face cases where the derivation and precise meaning of the words in their prior used cases is not clearly known. Therefore, th MoreIn the domain of studies related to the Holy Quran, a survey of the intermingled words usually faces two major difficulties. First; researchers face cases where the derivation and precise meaning of the words in their prior used cases is not clearly known. Therefore, the comprehension of verses including such words faces ambiguities and finding the actual root of these words becomes more difficult. And second; in the explanation of such words there are generally lots of interpretative narrations leading to referential, paraphrased, and in some rare instances, literal explanations. These group of narratives and versions do not contribute to the semantics of these words due to their non-linguistic features, but also understanding them and discovering their relation to the mentioned interpretative and paraphrased instances demands knowing the precise and actual meaning of the regarding word. In this situation, if we regard these narratives alongside the verses of Quran, including the contributing words as part of the sacred texts, the actual comprehension of them within the field of linguistics becomes related to the root and the meaning of the contributing words. Such studies on the root and meaning of the contributing words can take place following two processes: 1. the correspondence of root and the meaning of the word according to the text and textual implications in the Quran. 2. The justification and expression of the words’ linguistic courses from the origin language to Arabic. This essay intends to survey one of such words as a sample. The word “segil” is one of these contributing and key words which has faced many derivations and a variety of interpretative narrations are provided for it. A precise comprehension of this word initially demands the analysis and criticism of linguistics regarding the root; especially in the two mentioned criteria. Through an analysis of these derivations, it initially becomes clear that the most suitable suggested root is a Persian root. At the same time it is revealed that in what manners the acceptance of any root and its related suitable meaning influences our understanding of the interpretative narratives and whether we accept or reject them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Analysis of Prophet Mohammad's Ascension Position in Meiybodi's Kashf-Al-Asrar Interpretation
مجيد سرمدي محمود شيخProphet Mohammad and the events of his life enjoys a particular position befor the Muslims. The Islamic scholars- whether mystic, theologist, or philosopher- have constantly made an attempt to express and reveal his character and they have spoke of his position within t MoreProphet Mohammad and the events of his life enjoys a particular position befor the Muslims. The Islamic scholars- whether mystic, theologist, or philosopher- have constantly made an attempt to express and reveal his character and they have spoke of his position within the universe and his stand compared to the other prophets. There is no doubt that initially, this attempt had affectionate roots; but then later on its theoretical aspects and dimensions overcame its passionate aspects. The purpose of this research is to identify two significant incidents in Prophets' life that express his character better considering how they are revealed in Kashf-Al-Asrar and then show the role of the Ascent in this relation as mentioned in this book. As Meiybodi had mystical tendencies himself in the interpretation and paraphrase of the Quran and in quoting the Ascent, he is more concerned about the mystical and passionate aspects. So he merely focuses on the knowledge and superiority of Prophet in the spiritual statue. Meanwhile he does not mention the borders on the theory of "perfect human" while the central issue is "the truth about Mohammad"; a discussion which later on became one of the most basic discussions for the mystics and the theoretical sophists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Four Birds of Prophet Ibraham in Interpretative and Gnostic Texts
faride davoudi moghadamInterpreters and gnosticists said much about implications of Ayeh 260, soureh Baghareh, Accordingly, God indicates to prophet of Ibraham raising from the dead, through killing and raising from the dead of four birds. From this story which apply to prove physical resurre MoreInterpreters and gnosticists said much about implications of Ayeh 260, soureh Baghareh, Accordingly, God indicates to prophet of Ibraham raising from the dead, through killing and raising from the dead of four birds. From this story which apply to prove physical resurrection and raise from the dead, gnosticists interpret spiritually and some times give it a completely symbolic and allegory. Like these understandings can be seen in non mystic interpretive texts. In this research, this story extracted from various interpretive and mystic texts and their similarities and difference and different view points (gnostic and non gnostic interpreters) analyzed. According to this research, some Quran’s interpreter affected by prose text of sufia. Also, this project indicates mystics’ interpreter and poems ability, creativity and attempts in the way of fostering (nurturing) different meanings inspired by common Quran stories and adding excellent notes and beautiful accounts to these stories and signe. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Analyzing the Iranian, Islamic and Creek reflection components in Souhravardi’s interpretation upon the Rustam and Esfandiar Story
حسن شاهیپورAlthough, interpretation of the anecdotes has thousands – year history in the west and it is now considerable in the west literature, it has not been paid so much attention in Iran classic literature due to some reasons including their being profane. Along with the scat MoreAlthough, interpretation of the anecdotes has thousands – year history in the west and it is now considerable in the west literature, it has not been paid so much attention in Iran classic literature due to some reasons including their being profane. Along with the scattered and little interpretation by Sanaie, the poet of the 5th century, Sheikh Eshragh, the mystic and philosopher of the 6th century is the last person interpreted and reflected upon the Iran ancient myths. He wants to make a concrete link between three separate dimensions of Islamic culture, Iranian ancient wisdom and Creek philosophy. For he, as a believer Muslim, is familiar with Islamic culture and its components including mysticism in one hand and he is the heritance to the pre-Islamic period as Iranian generated one on the other hand and so can not ignore the Creek philosophy as the result of human valuable reason and wisdom. Souhravardi, with his especial perceptivity, has found that the three mentioned apparently opposing cultures essence is the same and in case of their unification and harmony, Men can have a great experience in Human development and leadership. This article tries to show this great genius attempts for linking the Human thinking follows reflected in his interpretation from the Rustam and Esfandiar Story, revealing and the reasons for such interpretation while showing the elements of the cultures said above. It is clear that during Souhravardi day, this story and Shahname stories were famous in such a way that,deconstructing them was not an easy task except for some specified reasons but, Sheikh Eshragh could do so by his special thought background and broke the structure of this story aimed at finding his views within the layers of it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Revelation Magic
حسن شاهیپورThe mystical texts while including some secrets, mystery, conceptual and meaning complications and also using the symbolic, impressive, magic and tuneful language, differ from the others literary and non-literary texts considerably. These differences are only considered MoreThe mystical texts while including some secrets, mystery, conceptual and meaning complications and also using the symbolic, impressive, magic and tuneful language, differ from the others literary and non-literary texts considerably. These differences are only considered by some of the intellectuals as the differences in language structure and know the meaning related complexity originated in the especial features of that language. Opposed to the mentioned viewpoints, this essay brings the priority of the concept and meaning over the language in mystical texts into sharp focus and reveals that revelation, understanding, interpretation and explanation of the meaning have priority over the terms and appropriateness of the language. Although the new findings based on revelation of meaning and concept creates a new language, it will be different from the other languages. In this regard, the understanding and interpretation by the general interpreters upon a the Holy Quran verses as well as the Khorasan mystics and Ibne Arabi’s ones in Fososelhekam, have been studied. The result of this essay and study have shown that meaning has priority over the terms and thought, in mystical texts. It also shows that the complementary development of the mystics’ understanding of the Holy Quran till the period of Ibne Arabi and their effects and interplay on each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - A study of the content and structure of interpretation in the spiritual Masnavi
Maryam Nafeli Shahrestani hosein aghahoseiniInterpretation means returning something to its original state, the background of which is to be found in Greek hermeneutics. Hermeneutics is the theory of the act of understanding in its relation to the interpretation of texts. Mystics have paid much attention to the MoreInterpretation means returning something to its original state, the background of which is to be found in Greek hermeneutics. Hermeneutics is the theory of the act of understanding in its relation to the interpretation of texts. Mystics have paid much attention to the interpretation and content of the Qur'an. Rumi has also used interpretation in Masnavi.He looked at interpretation very broadly and did not consider interpretation specific to the Qur'an; For this reason, he has used interpretation on various topics. The research method in this article is descriptive and its purpose is to study the types of interpretations in the three books of Masnavi in terms of content and structure. The interpretations used in the three books of Masnavi based on the subject are: interpretation of Quranic verses and hadiths, interpretation of the stories of the prophets, interpretation of mystical, religious and jurisprudential, moral and philosophical issues.By examining the three books of Masnavi Manavi, 136 interpretations were extracted on these subjects, most of which consistes of interpretations of Quranic verses. Rumi has used various tricks to express interpretation; Interpretation from the language of the characters of the story, interpretation in the form of similes and metaphors, allegorical interpretation and causal interpretation are among them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - "Islam and Modernity" in the Thoughts of Seyyed Jamaleddin Asad Abadi
mohamad ali tavanaThe confrontation of Islam and modernity have taken different forms in the thoughts of Islamic thinkers. Among those, the perception of Seyyed Jamaleddin Asad Abadi from Islam and modernity can be the outset of a new view that considers the adaptation and unification of MoreThe confrontation of Islam and modernity have taken different forms in the thoughts of Islamic thinkers. Among those, the perception of Seyyed Jamaleddin Asad Abadi from Islam and modernity can be the outset of a new view that considers the adaptation and unification of these two discourses as the solution to retardation and imperialism in Islamic countries. Seyyed Jamaleddin Asad Abadi believed that the key to breaking free from Imperialism and retardation lies in re-interpretation of Islam, but this re-interpretation should be realized within the modernity discourse. In fact Seyyed Jamaleddin Asad Abadi first makes a distinction between modernity and the West, and then seeks the non-Western modernity. Therefore, the re-interpretation of Islam in the thoughts of Seyyed Jamaleddin Asad Abadi leads to the re-construction of a modern but non-Western identity. That is why the answer of Seyyed Jamaleddin Asad Abadi to the crisis of Islamic societies in 19th century- retardation and Imperialism- is Islamic modernism as a distinguished and different identiy from the Western one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Interpretation of Religion (Din) and its Influence on the concept of Freedom in the Political Thoughts of Mohammad Mojtehed Shabestari and Mohammad Taqi Mesbah Yazdi
amir roshan محسن شفیعی سیف آبادیAfter the triumph of Islamic Revolution in Iran, scholars in the fields of religion and politics faced many new issues in the areas of politics and interpreting religious texts. Among them Mohammad Mojtehed Shabestari and Mohammad Taqi Mesbah Yazdi dealt with religious MoreAfter the triumph of Islamic Revolution in Iran, scholars in the fields of religion and politics faced many new issues in the areas of politics and interpreting religious texts. Among them Mohammad Mojtehed Shabestari and Mohammad Taqi Mesbah Yazdi dealt with religious texts either using traditional ways or hermeneutical ones. Having different methods, tendencies and intensions, they offered to interpretations of religious texts and issues like freedom. Using Quitin Skiner’s methodology of intentional hermeneutics, the authors of the present article try to clarify the main cause of the difference in their political views and its effect on their political views on issues like freedom. Shabestari, taking interpretative and hermeneutical method, with the purpose of preserving fate and human aspect of the believers, interprets religion in a way that can accept freedom and open socio-political conditions with tolerance. Mesbah, focusing on traditional jurisprudential ways, with the purpose of preserving the status of religion in political and social affairs as he believes that religion has perfect and comprehensive teachings and instructions for humans in achieving transcendental goals, limits human freedom and denies liberal social and political conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Sovereignty meaning in Hobbes thought according to Hobbes's Interpretation of the Scripture
Hassan Ghasemi Aboulfazl ShakouriSovereignty issue has been the topic of long debates where the follow-up of interpretations of this concept in scripture has led to a variety of votes. Thomas Hobbes, the sovereignty theorist, has had a pivotal role in clarifying the relationship between Sovereignty and MoreSovereignty issue has been the topic of long debates where the follow-up of interpretations of this concept in scripture has led to a variety of votes. Thomas Hobbes, the sovereignty theorist, has had a pivotal role in clarifying the relationship between Sovereignty and religion in the early era of modernism by interpreting Scripture based on his scientific method. This article highlights the transformation in the concept of natural rights as a bridge between sovereignty and religion in Hobbes's theory. In addition, this study corresponds to this concept with Hobbes's interpretation of Scripture and, thereby, it is claimed that Hobbes has embedded the main component of his theory, which is social contract, in reading the Scripture. Then, Hobbes interprets it in favor of a powerful ruling authority who is seeking for individuals' peace and security and also the maintaining the individuals' natural rights at large. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Dialogue with the Text Skinner and Gadamer Hermenutic Cross
The challenge of methods of proper understanding of thought, in general, and that of political thought, in particular, is a challenge that the thinkers of this field have been facing for the past several centuries. One of these methods is hermeneutics. But hermeneutics, MoreThe challenge of methods of proper understanding of thought, in general, and that of political thought, in particular, is a challenge that the thinkers of this field have been facing for the past several centuries. One of these methods is hermeneutics. But hermeneutics, as a method, has at times been criticized for not enjoying the necessary objectivism. The subjective approach and individualistic method latent in it has been challenged by some rival methods. In this article, it has been attempted to attain a synthetic method in a revised form through employing comparative philosophical method and using analytical tools and concepts of Skinner and Gadamer’s hermeneutics in reading the text. The teachings of Skinner and Gadamer have been used in a comparative form so that by transition from them to a synthetic method is attained for understanding thought. In this method, while using the technique of speech act used by Skinner’s hermeneutics, the role of audience in finding the final meaning through Gadamer’s method is considered. This synthetic method of reading the text is not free from influence of revised and constructionist methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Henry Corbin, Philosophical Hermeneutics, and the Cosmic Political Thought: A Critical Appraisal
Ahmad bostaniHenry Corbin was the first thinker who attempted to apply philosophical hermeneutics as an analytical tool for understanding the Shiite texts in particular, and Iranian intellectual history in general. Making use of various intellectual traditions, including phenomenolo MoreHenry Corbin was the first thinker who attempted to apply philosophical hermeneutics as an analytical tool for understanding the Shiite texts in particular, and Iranian intellectual history in general. Making use of various intellectual traditions, including phenomenology, hermeneutics, Christian theology, and Platonic tradition, he provided a methodological and hermeneutical approach to the Iranian intellectual heritage. Although there are a literature body regarding his significance in the Islamic and Shiite scholarship, a critical evaluation of his works, and especially his own hermeneutical approach, has not been done yet. This paper aims to discuss Corbin’s hermeneutical approach from a critical and philosophical-political perspective. Thus, it will be demonstrated that his hermeneutics suffers from three main deficits: the lack of critical dimension, over-interpretation, and finally de-politicization of Islamic and Iranian intellectual and religious tradition. All of these three issues are rooted in a “cosmic” ontology in his philosophical system that makes no room for an intersubjective and social realm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The relationship between the Lacanian subject and the formation of theories of the failure of the constitutional movement
Mohammad Bagheri ali mokhtari Hamdallah akvani Sadegh HaghighatThroughout history, numerous movements have been formed in various societies, and after almost all of them, thinkers have emerged who have judged the failure of that movement and theorized it. Therefore, this question arises as to why, despite the influence of movements MoreThroughout history, numerous movements have been formed in various societies, and after almost all of them, thinkers have emerged who have judged the failure of that movement and theorized it. Therefore, this question arises as to why, despite the influence of movements, the subject is persuaded to its failure? To find the answer, Jacques Lacan's psycho-socio-political theories, which have a post-structural background, have been used as a method. Also, the constitutional movement, as an example, has been chosen as a case study for applying Lacan theories. The possible answer to this question, based on Lacan theories, refers to the importance of the subject's desire and fantasy in human dynamism and movement. The research findings show that the subject's belief in failure is inevitable. But this belief is not related to reality but is rooted in the perpetual and ontological gap between the subject and the other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - A Combination Method of DEA, DEMATEL and ANP for Evaluation of ERP Systems
amir amini alireza alinezhadIn this study Data envelopment analysis is used for the assessment of enterprise resources planning systems of 18 manufacturing companies, to determine whether the defined goals for ERP systems have been able to affect the performance after the implementation of the sys MoreIn this study Data envelopment analysis is used for the assessment of enterprise resources planning systems of 18 manufacturing companies, to determine whether the defined goals for ERP systems have been able to affect the performance after the implementation of the system. Considering the identification of effective factors in implementing ERP systems and using the previous researches, the performance evaluation criteria of this system were identified. Then, using experts’ views the most important input indicators were ranked by fuzzy DEMATEL and output indicators by ANP. In this ranking, time spent on implementation, the implementation infrastructure, training and user support were identified as top input indicators, and three indicators of productivity increase, proper resource management and user satisfaction were selected as top output indicators. Using selected indicators, the performance of ERP systems of selected companies was evaluated. The results of this research will be useful in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of companies compared to top ones and making their ERP system even better. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - A Robust Data Envelopment Analysis Method for Business and IT Alignment of Enterprise Architecture Scenarios
Mehdi Fasanghari Mohsen Sadegh Amalnick Reza Taghipour Anvari Jafar RazmiInformation Technology is recognized as a competitive enabler in today’s dynamic business environment. Therefore, alliance of business and Information Technology process is critical, which is mostly emphasized in Information Technology governance frameworks. On the othe MoreInformation Technology is recognized as a competitive enabler in today’s dynamic business environment. Therefore, alliance of business and Information Technology process is critical, which is mostly emphasized in Information Technology governance frameworks. On the other hand, Enterprise Architectures are deployed to steer organizations for achieving their objectives while being responsive to changes. Thus, it is proposed to align the business and Information Technology through investigating the suitability of Enterprise Architecture scenarios. In view of this fact, investigating a flexible decision making method for business and information technology alignment analysis is necessary, but it is not sufficient since the subjective analysis is always perturbed by some degree of uncertainty. Therefore, we have developed a new robust Data Envelopment Analysis technique designed for Enterprise Architecture scenario analysis. Several numerical experiments and a sensitivity analysis are designed to show the performance, significance, and flexibility of the proposed method in a real case. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Language Model Adaptation Using Dirichlet Class Language Model Based on Part-of-Speech
Ali Hatami Ahmad akbari Babak NasersharifLanguage modeling has many applications in a large variety of domains. Performance of this model depends on its adaptation to a particular style of data. Accordingly, adaptation methods endeavour to apply syntactic and semantic characteristics of the language for langua MoreLanguage modeling has many applications in a large variety of domains. Performance of this model depends on its adaptation to a particular style of data. Accordingly, adaptation methods endeavour to apply syntactic and semantic characteristics of the language for language modeling. The previous adaptation methods such as family of Dirichlet class language model (DCLM) extract class of history words. These methods due to lake of syntactic information are not suitable for high morphology languages such as Farsi. In this paper, we present an idea for using syntactic information such as part-of-speech (POS) in DCLM for combining with one of the language models of n-gram family. In our work, word clustering is based on POS of previous words and history words in DCLM. The performance of language models are evaluated on BijanKhan corpus using a hidden Markov model based ASR system. The results show that use of POS information along with history words and class of history words improves performance of language model, and decreases the perplexity on our corpus. Exploiting POS information along with DCLM, the word error rate of the ASR system decreases by 1.2% compared to DCLM. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Selecting Enterprise Resource Planning System Using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach
hojatallah hamidiTo select an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is time consuming due to the resource constraints, the software complexity, and the different of alternatives. A comprehensively systematic selection policy for ERP system is very important to the success of ERP pro MoreTo select an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is time consuming due to the resource constraints, the software complexity, and the different of alternatives. A comprehensively systematic selection policy for ERP system is very important to the success of ERP project. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) method to evaluate the alternatives of ERP system. The selection criteria of ERP system are numerous and fuzzy, so how to select an adequate ERP system is crucial in the early phase of an ERP project. The framework decomposes ERP system selection into four main factors. The goal of this paper is to select the best alternative that meets the requirements with respect to product factors, system factors, management factors and vendor factors. The sub-attributes (sub-factors) related to ERP selection have been classified into thirteen main categories of Functionality, Reliability¬, Usability¬, Efficiency¬, Maintainability¬, Portability¬, Cost, Implementation time, User friendliness¬, Flexibility¬, Vendor Reputation¬, Consultancy Services, and R&D Capability¬ and arranged in a hierarchy structure. These criteria and factors are weighted and prioritized and finally a framework is provided for ERP selection with the fuzzy AHP method. Also, a real case study from Iran (PARDIS-LO Company) is also presented to demonstrate efficiency of this method in practice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Representing a Model to Measure Absorbency Of Information Technology in Small And Medium Sized Enterprises
Mohammad Taghi Sadeghi Farzad Movahedi Sobhani Ali Rajabzade GhatariWith rapid development of information technology (IT) and further deepening of informationization construction, more and more enterprises have realized the strategic value of IT and made great investments in it. However, during the IT implementation process, decision-ma MoreWith rapid development of information technology (IT) and further deepening of informationization construction, more and more enterprises have realized the strategic value of IT and made great investments in it. However, during the IT implementation process, decision-making, adaptation degree, and IT performance are often inferior to the anticipation. The assimilation of technology can be defined by the extent to which the use of Information technology spreads across organizational processes and becomes routinized in activities. Capabilities of information technology play crucial role in an ever-changing environment and are considered as one of the most important sources for enterprises while enterprises should acquire some effective capabilities so that they can effectively deploy and utilize information technology. The purpose of this investigation is to represent a model to measure absorbency of information technology in small and medium-sized enterprises. To do so, dimensions of the "absorbency of information technology" was determined through exploratory factor analysis in a survey research and confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm model validity. Findings show that three dimensions are related to absorbency of information technology including the capability for innovative technology, Inside-Out IT capability and IT management capability, among which the capability for innovative technology has the highest correlation with the concept of absorbency of information technology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Influence of ERP Usage on Organizational Learning: An Empirical Investigation
Faisal AburubA number of different hotels have been seen to direct significant investment towards Enterprise Recourse Planning (ERP) systems with the aim of securing sound levels of organizational learning. As a strategic instrument, organizational learning has been recommended in t MoreA number of different hotels have been seen to direct significant investment towards Enterprise Recourse Planning (ERP) systems with the aim of securing sound levels of organizational learning. As a strategic instrument, organizational learning has been recommended in the modern management arena as potentially able to achieve a competitive edge and as stabilizing the success of businesses. Learning, as an aim, is not only able to improve the skillset and knowledge of employees, but also achieving organizational growth and development, whilst also helping to build a dynamic learning organization. Organizational learning is especially important in modern-day firms, when staff might choose to leave or change their role owing to the view that knowledge-sharing could be detrimental to their own success. The present work seeks to examine the impact of ERP usage on organizational learning. A new research model has been presented, this model has been empirically investigated in the Jordanian hotel industry. 350 questionnaires were distributed across a total of 350 hotels. 317 questionnaires were returned. Structural equation modeling (AMOS 18) was used to analyze the data. The findings from the empirical findings emphasize that ERP usage has significant impact on organizational learning. In line with the study findings, various aspects of organizational learning, such as continuous learning, system perspective, openness and experimentation and transfer and integration are recognized as able to best encourage the use of ERP. Suggestions for future work and discussion on research limitations are also discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Improvement in Accuracy and Speed of Image Semantic Segmentation via Convolution Neural Network Encoder-Decoder
Hanieh Zamanian Hassan Farsi Sajad MohammadzadehRecent researches on pixel-wise semantic segmentation use deep neural networks to improve accuracy and speed of these networks in order to increase the efficiency in practical applications such as automatic driving. These approaches have used deep architecture to predic MoreRecent researches on pixel-wise semantic segmentation use deep neural networks to improve accuracy and speed of these networks in order to increase the efficiency in practical applications such as automatic driving. These approaches have used deep architecture to predict pixel tags, but the obtained results seem to be undesirable. The reason for these unacceptable results is mainly due to the existence of max pooling operators, which reduces the resolution of the feature maps. In this paper, we present a convolutional neural network composed of encoder-decoder segments based on successful SegNet network. The encoder section has a depth of 2, which in the first part has 5 convolutional layers, in which each layer has 64 filters with dimensions of 3×3. In the decoding section, the dimensions of the decoding filters are adjusted according to the convolutions used at each step of the encoding. So, at each step, 64 filters with the size of 3×3 are used for coding where the weights of these filters are adjusted by network training and adapted to the educational data. Due to having the low depth of 2, and the low number of parameters in proposed network, the speed and the accuracy improve compared to the popular networks such as SegNet and DeepLab. For the CamVid dataset, after a total of 60,000 iterations, we obtain the 91% for global accuracy, which indicates improvements in the efficiency of proposed method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - A way to improve Adaptive Maintenance in Enterprise Architecture
feridon Shams safura oviesiLately, one of the biggest challenges in enterprise is the strategic alignment of information technology with business. Enterprises use various methods to achieve this strategic alignment. Enterprise architecture is an effective approach that allows optimal management o MoreLately, one of the biggest challenges in enterprise is the strategic alignment of information technology with business. Enterprises use various methods to achieve this strategic alignment. Enterprise architecture is an effective approach that allows optimal management of Enterprise’s information technology and strategic alignment of IT functionalities and business requirements. These days, considering dynamic environments, there is the possibility of any kind of change in enterprise’s conditions, especially after implementation of Enterprise architecture. This change of conditions demonstrates itself in a variety of forms. In these cases, decision making should be done as an appropriate response to these changes which should be predictable. Otherwise it would lead to lack of proper response and consequently, readjustment of Enterprise architecture document, which imposes many human and financial costs on the enterprise. In addition, the enterprise’s progress toward competitive advantages will be stopped. The appropriate response and adaptability to these changes is a concept represented under the title of adaptive maintenance of Enterprise architecture. In the following article with the help of a software maintenance method and examining the possibility of extending into the Enterprise architecture maintenance, through a case study on Power Distribution Company of Golestan province, it is shown how the improvement of adaptive maintenance of Enterprise architecture can be assisted and the possibility of implementation of various types of changes in business and information technology without disturbing the Enterprise is provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - An Agent Based Model for Developing Air Traffic Management Software
Mahdi Yosefzadeh Seyed Reza Kamel Tabbakh Seyed Javad Mahdavi Chabok Maryam khairabadiThe Air Traffic Management system is a complex issue that faces factors such as Aircraft Crash Prevention, air traffic controllers pressure, unpredictable weather conditions, flight emergency situations, airplane hijacking, and the need for autonomy on the fly. agent-ba MoreThe Air Traffic Management system is a complex issue that faces factors such as Aircraft Crash Prevention, air traffic controllers pressure, unpredictable weather conditions, flight emergency situations, airplane hijacking, and the need for autonomy on the fly. agent-based software engineering is a new aspect in software engineering that can provide autonomy. agent-based systems have some properties such: cooperation of agents with each other in order to meet their goals, autonomy in function, learning and Reliability that can be used for air traffic management systems. In this paper, we first study the agent-based software engineering and its methodologies, and then design a agent-based software model for air traffic management. The proposed model has five modules .this model is designed for aircraft ,air traffic control and navigations aids factors based on the Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) architecture. The agent-based system was designed using the agent-tool under the multi-agent system engineering (MaSE) methodology, which was eventually developed by the agent-ATC toolkit. In this model, we consider agents for special occasions such as emergency flights’ and hijacking airplanes in airport air traffic management areas which is why the accuracy of the work increased. It also made the flight’s sequence arrangement in take-off and landing faster, which indicates a relative improvement in the parameters of the air traffic management Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Designing a conceptual model of innovation ecosystem in small and medium enterprises using ISM-SEM
adel ساجدی Houshang Taghizadeh ghaffar tari mojtaba ramazaniA review of the research literature shows that a similar structure can not be observed for the models presented in the field of innovation ecosystem in the conducted researches; Therefore, in order to increase innovation in companies, an appropriate model of innovation MoreA review of the research literature shows that a similar structure can not be observed for the models presented in the field of innovation ecosystem in the conducted researches; Therefore, in order to increase innovation in companies, an appropriate model of innovation ecosystem should be designed based on local characteristics and constraints. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design a conceptual model of innovation ecosystem in small and medium enterprises using ISM-SEM. The method of work was descriptive-causal. The statistical population of this study included two sections of experts and managers of small and medium companies in East Azerbaijan province. In this research, 11 experts participated in the first part and 335 managers of small and medium companies in the second part of the research answered the questionnaires. Two questionnaires were used to collect data, which were distributed among the members of the statistical sample after determining their validity and reliability. For data analysis, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and structural path modeling (SEM) have been used. The findings of the structural-interpretive modeling section show that the dimensions of the innovation ecosystem in small and medium industries are in five levels, each of which has direct and indirect relations with other levels. Also, the test of the developed model among companies has shown the appropriate validity and reliability of the developed model and the confirmation of direct and indirect relationships between the dimensions of the innovation ecosystem in small and medium enterprises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - A Decision Support System based on Rough sets for Enterprise Planning under uncertainty
سید امیرهادی مینوفام Hassan RashidiIncreasing rate of novice technology in global marketing arises some challenges in the economic enterprise planning. One of the appropriate approaches to resolve these challenges is using rough set theory along with decision making. In this paper, a decision support sys MoreIncreasing rate of novice technology in global marketing arises some challenges in the economic enterprise planning. One of the appropriate approaches to resolve these challenges is using rough set theory along with decision making. In this paper, a decision support system with an algorithm based on rough set theory is provided. The proposed algorithm is implemented for a product line in one of the organizations under supervision of mining, industry and trade ministry. The variable effects on the enterpise aims are evaluated by analysing the strength and support criteria of rough sets. The rules are classeified as three different classes and 3 out of 12 have high reasonable averagewhie the last 3 have a relatively high violation probability. The other rules have heterogenious distribution and are not certain. The advantages of the proposed system are avoidance of enterprse capital wasting, prevention of errors due to data uncertainty, and high precision of decitions. The decision makers in the enterprise validated the increasment of simplicity and speeds of vital decision making by using the proposed system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Agile Enterprise Architecture Modeling: Evaluating the Applicability of Six Modeling Standards based on Iran’s National EA Framework
Ali Razi reza rezaei ahmadali یزدان پناهThe Iran’s national enterprise architecture framework (INEAF) has been adapted from the TOGAF framework and its architectural development method. In this framework, the use of agility paradigm is emphasized, but there is no basis for using agile methods and techniques. MoreThe Iran’s national enterprise architecture framework (INEAF) has been adapted from the TOGAF framework and its architectural development method. In this framework, the use of agility paradigm is emphasized, but there is no basis for using agile methods and techniques. Based on the results obtained for the researcher, the studied sources did not indicate all the necessary solutions and features to develop an agile methodology based on the Iran’s national EA framework. According to Mr. Gill research, each modeling standard is different in scope and function, and since a modeling standard alone cannot support all the requirements of agile enterprise architecture, combining modeling standards is a suitable solution. In this paper, an agile enterprise architecture modeling methodology including ten solutions with a combination of six modeling standards ArchiMate, UML, BPMN, FAML, SoaML and BMM based on the Iran’s national EA framework is presented. The evaluation of the applicability of the proposed methodology is performed by the combined method (qualitative + quantitative). Qualitative evaluation is performed through a case study and quantitative evaluation is performed using multi-criteria decision making methods including ANP and DEMATEL. Data collection and information gathering and determining options and criteria, is performed through library studies and field methods, and using questionnaire, interview and observation tools. Based on the case study, combination of six standards by agile enterprise architecture modeling method based on the Iran’s national enterprise architecture framework is applicable. For quantitative evaluation of applicability in this paper, according to experts, four options have been proposed, which are based on the final weight: support by known tools, the ability to cover the artifacts of the Iran’s national enterprise architecture framework, efficiency or effectiveness, ease of learning or teachability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Murder and Typification of the forgiveness (A Case Study of Guilan)
Main purpose this research is “Typification of the forgiveness based on inductive strategy”. In this strategy, the interviewees perception about the forgivness by interpretivism approach have been investigated. This research has been with qualitative method and purp MoreMain purpose this research is “Typification of the forgiveness based on inductive strategy”. In this strategy, the interviewees perception about the forgivness by interpretivism approach have been investigated. This research has been with qualitative method and purposive sampling, and individual and group (Focus group) interviews. According to the logic of theoretical saturation, twenty seven individually and three group were interviewed. Then researcher analyzed interviews with method thematic analyze. Overall,the findings indicates that there are two general type of forgiveness.The first is self- oriented forgiveness and the second is other- oriented forgiveness . In the first part exist various species such as: Forgiveness oppositions, forgiveness supporters, replaced forgiveness and intent - oriented forgiveness. Other-oriented forgiveness can observe types three: forgivenes oppositions, reluctantly Forgiveness and intent-oriented forgiveness. People reacted to the murder of their close relatives to criminal calculate and assess the benefits of forgiveness and revenge, and then act.Based on the research findings the forgivness is time and space, because it depend to the position of the offender or the victim and the time between the crime and punishment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The preference of inner will for the apparent will in interpreting business contracts based on moral justification
hossein moridifar Reza Sokooty nasimi Naser MasoudiContract interpretation is one of the problem areas in the contracts. There are many basics for interpreting the contract. Approximately the principles of interpretation have been considered in various legal systems. One of the principles presented for interpreting the MoreContract interpretation is one of the problem areas in the contracts. There are many basics for interpreting the contract. Approximately the principles of interpretation have been considered in various legal systems. One of the principles presented for interpreting the contract is the discovery of the truth based on the will of the parties. It is customary to create conflict between the will of the individuals (dominant and externally) in the field of contracts. Conflict arises from the real and declared will of individuals. In most legal systems, contract interpretation and conflict resolution are preferable to real and inner will, in such a way that if true, the true intention of the parties is other than that which has been expressed, the real will will be preferred, which ethics also accepts. And this issue has been accepted in jurisprudence, Iranian law and EU law. On the other hand, English law has a different approach to these systems, although it is possible that ethics will not accept this interpretation in some cases. In the current research, regardless of the views of researchers in this field, the actual and internal will, with moral justification, is preferred to the will expressed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - comparative research taught adam the names in interpretation of Allameh Jafari and allameh tabatabai
Based on interpretations, something that leds the human to the highest position between creations, and puts him in the position of Caliph of Allah and the prostration of angles, depends on the same teaching of names. So, meditation and contemplation in this issue, is a MoreBased on interpretations, something that leds the human to the highest position between creations, and puts him in the position of Caliph of Allah and the prostration of angles, depends on the same teaching of names. So, meditation and contemplation in this issue, is a big step in the formation of personality and cultural infrastructure of human. This study, known as comparative research taught adam the names in interpretation of Quran of Allama Tabatabai and interpretation of Masnavi of Allameh Jafari, tried to fill the common and specific to each of the scholars Rabbani in this matter. Apart from common methods of scientific, intellectual, religious and knowledge, something that be considered as specific approach to each of these scholars Rabbani In interpreting the Quranic themes, is the interpretation of Quran to Quran commentary of Allameh Tabatabai and enter the field of psychological, anthropological and sociological, of Allameh Jafari. Including common views on the subject of these interpretations is the purpose of names here is the objective facts of the universe and the objects outside that included the intelligent creatures and purpose of the issue of teaching names is that God discovered and revealed the truth to people. Special comments of Allameh Tabatabai on this issue is that the names mentioned, and with their squash were organisms with life, science and unobtrusive behind a veil and God taught the people (Part of) the unseen of the heavens and the earth and Allameh Jafari also believes that the science of human has all the facts of the created world not the world that spirit is documented in it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The investigation of Nasser Khusrow's interpretationand scholastic theology reviews based on Qur'an Verses in the Poems
Shahrokh Hekmat Abolfazl Nick AhdNaser khusrow is a unigue poet; one of the reasons is that he hs among few poets who found his way by searching and exploring- apart from any bias or special attitude – and to prove the veracity of his own way from a logical point of view, especially by resorting to the MoreNaser khusrow is a unigue poet; one of the reasons is that he hs among few poets who found his way by searching and exploring- apart from any bias or special attitude – and to prove the veracity of his own way from a logical point of view, especially by resorting to the word of revelation putting most effort in this direction has not deserted any ate mpt.He regards more attention to hermeneutice that finally this hemeneutice referring back to the origin and to the family of infallibility and purity. And by this view that he is also the advertiser agent, all of logical issues for following and getting results.He has enjoyed his Divan (poems collection) all interpretation,s and all Quranic words and word combinations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The Position of Interpretative Narratives in Al-tafser al-waset by Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy
Mohammad moghadam mortaza irvani Abbas Ismaili zadehThe current paper examines the position of interpretative narratives by descriptive-analytic method in the newest contemporary interpretation of Sunni tradition, i.e., " Al-tafser al-waset " by Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy. Although his interpretation method is "ijtihadi", t MoreThe current paper examines the position of interpretative narratives by descriptive-analytic method in the newest contemporary interpretation of Sunni tradition, i.e., " Al-tafser al-waset " by Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy. Although his interpretation method is "ijtihadi", this method had not prevented his use of narratives in better understanding of verses. The current paper is organized in three sections. The first section addresses the interpretative narratives source in which the reviews indicate that the interpreter has a particular tendency to use Sunni sources with the least reference to Ahl al-Bayt (PBUH). He has used main commentaries in addition to “The Kutub al-Sittah”, that is, the narrations are indirectly reported. The second section reviews the types of interpretive narratives which are explained in ten categories. The third section includes the critique of interpretive narratives that indicates the presence of both documentary and textual critiques. The documentary critique is not based on the Biographical evaluation information of the commentator, but expresses the view of others and the narratives are without citing the source and often mention the last narratorhere. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Provide a talent management framework with an emphasis on the expansion of succession in knowledge enterprises
asef sanjideh Samad jabbariasl Musa Rezvani ChamanzaminThe aim of this study is to provide a framework of talent management based on the current situation in Iran, considering the importance of the discussion of attracting, cultivating, and retaining talents in the field of knowledge enterprises and also the theoretical pov MoreThe aim of this study is to provide a framework of talent management based on the current situation in Iran, considering the importance of the discussion of attracting, cultivating, and retaining talents in the field of knowledge enterprises and also the theoretical poverty in the field of talent management. For this study, several knowledge enterprises in the country have been selected as the case study and due to the lack of qualitative research in the field of talent management using the method of "Grounded theory" version 2015 Corbin and Strauss, in the first step, the current framework Talent management in these companies is based on interviews with 30 people (sampling to theoretical saturation) of the stakeholders of the talent management system (talents, managers and human resources experts). The method of data collection from research participants according to Bernard's (2006) typology in structured and semi-structured interviews was appropriate to the type of participant (human resources specialist, elite, manager, or policymaker). In the first step, the most important finding is the dynamics of the various talent management processes and their placement on a spectrum, from the most undesirable to the most desirable. In the next step, according to the existing superior experiences and the identified injuries in the previous step, the optimal framework for this space was designed and by presenting the framework to managers and experts in the field, was evaluated qualitatively. The design of this framework can pave the way for moving towards the desired situation of talent management and in addition, according to the individual, organizational and cultural dimensions of talent management, enrich the literature in this field Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Model of entrepreneurial marketing components relations using interpretive structural modeling(ISM) approach (Case study: Semnan Knowledge-based companies)
Azim zarei maryam hemmatiEntrepreneurial marketing has emerged as a new approach in marketing of SMEs, in which main processes of marketing in creating and delivering value is strengthened through entrepreneurial, innovative and opportunity-driven approaches. The main purpose of this paper is t MoreEntrepreneurial marketing has emerged as a new approach in marketing of SMEs, in which main processes of marketing in creating and delivering value is strengthened through entrepreneurial, innovative and opportunity-driven approaches. The main purpose of this paper is to propose a model of interrelations among entrepreneurial marketing components in the knowledge-based companies. For this purpose, entrepreneurial marketing components were first identified by reviewing the literature. In the next step, using the Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM), the relationships among the entrepreneurial marketing components were determined and analyzed. The research is practical concerning it’s purpose and descriptive-survey considering it’s data collection procedure. Managers of knowledge-based companies in Semnan and academic experts in the field of management and marketing make up the statistical population of the study. Five of the managers of knowledge based companies actived in Semnan and three professors of Semnan University in the field of marketing were studied as research sample using purposive sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. According to the ISM, integrated entrepreneurial marketing model presented in this study includes seven components that interact with each other at three levels. After the MICMAC analysis was done, entrepreneurial marketing components were classified to relay and dependent variable and no components was identified as independent or autonomous variables. The results show that value creation has the greatest dependence among entrepreneurial marketing components. Proactiveness, innovation-focused, opportunity-driven, customer intensity and resource leveraging have high driving power and dependence, and hold highest priority in relation to other components in model.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - A dairy Products Green Supply Chain model with Emphasis on Customer Satisfaction: Combining Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach and Analytical Network Process
Ali Yousef Mahdi Homayounfar abdolaziz pagheh amir akhavanfarThe purpose of this study is to present a green supply chain model for dairy products with emphasis on customer satisfaction. The statistical population of the study consists of university professors and experts in the field of marketing and food and dairy industries of MoreThe purpose of this study is to present a green supply chain model for dairy products with emphasis on customer satisfaction. The statistical population of the study consists of university professors and experts in the field of marketing and food and dairy industries of Iran who have been selected by purposive sampling. Sampling continued until the theoretical saturation stage. The value of ICC coefficient was also approved to determine the reliability of the measuring instrument. Finally, 10 questionnaires and interviews with experts were used. The interpretive structural modeling approach is used to present the model and the network analysis process is used to prioritize the criteria. Findings showed that the factor of customer satisfaction in relation to the research topic and the presentation of the green supply chain model of dairy products is more effective In contrast, the factors of green innovation have the most, green entrepreneurship, green performance, internal green actions and external green participation have the most impact and the least impact. Also, the results of Mick Mac analysis showed that 7 factors related to the presentation of the green supply chain pattern of dairy products in terms of permeability and dependence are divided into three categories of infiltrators, dependent and autonomous. Finally, the prioritization of criteria showed that customer satisfaction has the highest weight among the criteria of the green supply chain of dairy products Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Business Intelligence Systems and Transformational Leadership in SMEs
Fereshte SoltaniIn order to survive in active and changing business environment, organizations should provide vital information for the managers by using new methods in a very short time. As Small and Medium Enterprises are the heart of economy; there’s no doubt in the importance of sm MoreIn order to survive in active and changing business environment, organizations should provide vital information for the managers by using new methods in a very short time. As Small and Medium Enterprises are the heart of economy; there’s no doubt in the importance of small and medium industries’ role in countries’ economic development so they need to use this new methods and systems. By using new technologies, SMEs are able to apply new processes like supply chain management, customer relationship management, and knowledge management. Business intelligence as a new concept could integrate the scattered and heterogeneous organizational data and by using business intelligence systems, SME's would be able to provide multi-dimensional analytical reports for their managers to make correct decisions. In addition to above systems, a powerful, committed and adaptive leadership method could provide the basis for effective utilization of the business intelligence systems. In this article, first we introduce Business Intelligence and Transformational leadership, and then we will investigate the importance of business intelligence systems usage and the role of transformational management in SMEs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The Role of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in the Development of Economic Activities in Malaysia
Saeed KiyanPour Roya TolaeiIn The world's most developed countries, policies to support small and medium enterprises in order to increase growth, income generating employment and reducing poverty in the forefront of economic or social - are governments’ important priorities. Essential characteris MoreIn The world's most developed countries, policies to support small and medium enterprises in order to increase growth, income generating employment and reducing poverty in the forefront of economic or social - are governments’ important priorities. Essential characteristics of small and medium enterprises, including flexibility in face with market changes, rapid attainment of the activities, initiatives and high motivation of staffs and limited initial capital requirements, have caused growth, innovation and economic dynamism in transition economies of the firms. This study aimed to identify small and medium sized manufacturing firms with rapid growth, and determine their contribution to the Malaysian economy. Malaysia's Vision 2020 has planned development policies through enterprise and small business enhancement. These companies play a significant role in the economic breakthrough of Malaysia. These companies have allocated 93.8% of the operating companies in the industrial sector, 27.3% of total manufacturing production, 25.8% of value-added in production, 27.6% of the fixed assets and 38.9% of the employees of the country. Evidences suggest that these companies have major contribution in national economic development in Malaysia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Science and Technology Parks and Incubators with a Global Perspective
Majid SoleymaniScientific researches considered as one of the main and the most important ways in finding the obscure and hidden facts about the universe as well as discovering new resources and strategies for problems and necessities of human being and the society. in line with reach MoreScientific researches considered as one of the main and the most important ways in finding the obscure and hidden facts about the universe as well as discovering new resources and strategies for problems and necessities of human being and the society. in line with reaching the country's development objectives, the role of universities and research centers in establishing social institutions and foundations which are in deal with such centers, is highly effective. Comprehensive and expanded protection of policymakers and officials from science and technology development centers and parks in addition to adopting new managing methods, would lay the necessary grounds for achieving the associated objectives. It is obvious that filling the existing gap between universities and other sectors such as industry, agriculture, health, etc, As well as transfer of knowledge and technology through such centers would be facilitated. That is, the science and technology parks accelerate the economic knowledge-based growth and development. Science and technology parks as research and development units can solve lots of existing problems and improve the situation and condition. With a glance to some of the units' activities it can be grasped that they have not been fully utilized yet. From many important factors, the lack of sound resource and facilitates distribution based on priorities, and lack of required decision adoption by innovation and technology policy makers and planners, different communication, law, and regulation problems lead to lack of suitable utilization. One of the patterns which presented for solving such a problem is the utilization of intermediary organizations and institutions in the cycle of the research to the market which could be realigned through establishing science and technology parks. Science and technology parks play essential role in creating and developing technology institution and professional research centers. Farther more, such R&D units would facilitate the aggregation and technical cooperation with its complimentary units such as engineering services companies, engineering and designing institutes, and professional research centers. Also, it provides suitable connection for funding and addressing the groups adjusted with R&D activities. This article by mentioning the establishment and characteristics of Iranian science and technology parks, explains the general situation of such centers are explained based on geographical conditions and establishing bodies as well as the numerous of center categorized based on dependence type and their different activities and international organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Investigating and Prioritizing Factors Affecting Successful Transfer of Information System Technologies in Auto and Parts Factories in Iran
Mansoor Sabeti Seyed mohammadreza RazaviInformation is the driving force for today's knowledge economy and information systems are tools for information application. While numerous benefits of information systems are proven, substantial risk of failure is still burdening implementation of such projects. To re MoreInformation is the driving force for today's knowledge economy and information systems are tools for information application. While numerous benefits of information systems are proven, substantial risk of failure is still burdening implementation of such projects. To reduce the risk, attention must be paid to critical success factors. After reviewing the relevant literature, success factors for the transfer of information system technologies are identified. Using such factors, this research evaluates and prioritizes them in the context of Pars Khodro and Saipa Auto Companies, as well as Sazeh Gostar Parts Co. in Iran. A questionnaire was administered among 32 IS/IT experts and consultants in those firms. The chosen firms have had experience with the transfer of information system technologies like MES and ERP. The proposed classification in this research divides critical success factors into three broad categories: organizational factors, tactical factors, and technical factors. Consistent with others' findings in the area of information systems, this research finds that the managerial, organizational and tactical factors dominate the technical aspect, and special attention to the former reduces the risk of failure associated with the implementation of information systems. As one of the primary objectives of this research, it has been found that the most important critical success factors in each category are: 1) Among organizational factors, the support and commitment of top management, and clear understanding of business objectives and organizational requirements are the most important; 2) Within tactical factors, effective project management and competent teams are critical; and 3) Among technical factors, adequate training, extensive organizational participation, and retention of skilled employees are important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - A Review Of "The Support Of SMEs Development Plan", And Some Defects Of the Execution
Davood Vahdat alireza dadashiA considerable percent of our population who can work, are obviously or hiddenly unemployed. What is the solution? Different countries have chosen different ways to solve this problem. Such as: the use of potential ability of society and economy, support of Small and Me MoreA considerable percent of our population who can work, are obviously or hiddenly unemployed. What is the solution? Different countries have chosen different ways to solve this problem. Such as: the use of potential ability of society and economy, support of Small and Medium size Enterprises (SMEs) , unemployment insurance, aid small producers by buying their products and help them to establish and launch services and manufacturing units that require less capital, and pay for new ideas to help those who have the ability to think, but are not able to produce or to do a service.What has been chosen as the solution by ninth government, In Iran since 2005, was development of SMEs and support them more, inorder to expand the dominance of their activities with the purpose of reducing unemployment. experts have presented several opposite and agree comments regarding the success or failure possible. Because this project is located in the beginning of path , these comments comes from the relative experts knowledge of the experiment of other countries. Our porpuse is to describe this type of firms and then we assess the results of this kind of supports and eventually the defects and weaknesses of performance. The relevant literature will review. Eventually, the future developments and strengthen the legal and financial infrastructure in Iran could lead to considerable Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Components affecting the adoption of electronic commerce by the small and medium enterprises in the agricultural sector
Maryam Yazdani Zanganeh Bahman Khosro pourThrough deep study of library, the factors affecting adoption of electronic commerce by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the agricultural sector with the objective importance of these factors is assessed. Achievement of objectives such as equitable distribution of MoreThrough deep study of library, the factors affecting adoption of electronic commerce by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the agricultural sector with the objective importance of these factors is assessed. Achievement of objectives such as equitable distribution of resources in disadvantaged areas, increasing production and exports, strengthening of economic mobility, enhance entrepreneurship, employment and increased job opportunities demonstrates is role of small enterprises in the agricultural sector development. Now, small enterprises play an important role in the development economic indicators and So take advantage of new methods of doing business such as e-commerce process will be very effective role in the development and success of these enterprises in the agricultural sector. In this regard, e-commerce will be able to trade agricultural products and e and more than any other technology will find its match. This study shows that many benefits of e-commerce for the businesses and in variety of ways such as providing better services for consumers, suppliers and consumers find new and improved business process efficiency there. Factors such as compatibility, relative advantage and perceived increased in profit has positive affect than on electronic commerce are accepted. Small-scale enterprises should pay more attention to application technologies such as electronic commerce and communications networks to ensure their methods of work and organizational culture is compatible with e-commerce. Interest should promote awareness of the benefits of using e-commerce by the SMEs in agriculture sector and give increased awareness can be through workshops, seminars and training courses , extension about the e-commerce achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Organizational Intelligence as a strong device in the management of Knowledge based firms
Gholamreza MalekzadehKnowledge based enterprises are faced with the rapidly changing events in economical, technological, social, cultural, and political environment. Successful reaction to these organizations in a very dynamic and inimical trade ambiance depends on their ability to provide MoreKnowledge based enterprises are faced with the rapidly changing events in economical, technological, social, cultural, and political environment. Successful reaction to these organizations in a very dynamic and inimical trade ambiance depends on their ability to provide relevant information and find adequate solutions to the problems that they are faced with. The attention of managers must be focused on designing of the so called “Organizational intelligence” and intellectual abilities of an organization (organizational learning, communication and memory). As a result of these trends, a relatively new concept in organizational theory has developed – Organizational Intelligence. The aim of this paper, after determining the concept of organizational intelligence, is to identify organizational intelligence and learning as one of the most powerful tools in managing knowledge based organizations and enterprises Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Identification of Traditional Tools & Solutions of Knowledge Management in Low-Tech Enterprises
Saeed hosein RafuatiManagement experts have considered knowledge management, in the course of the past several years, as a managerial solution and have recommended, to the managers, the application of its tools for increasing the enterprise efficiency. This point should be also mentioned MoreManagement experts have considered knowledge management, in the course of the past several years, as a managerial solution and have recommended, to the managers, the application of its tools for increasing the enterprise efficiency. This point should be also mentioned that prior to the current development of knowledge management literature, knowledge management existed in enterprises in traditional ways. Definitely the effective development of new knowledge management tools in these enterprises must be firstly based on the same traditional tools, in order to improve them, and secondly these tools must conform to the enterprises' structure- and also the elements of this structure. One of the most crucial elements of this structure is technology level; however, it is needless to mention that knowledge management tools for low-tech enterprises are different from those for high-tech enterprises. Throughout the article, based on a statistical research carried out in small and medium enterprises in the area of metal industry- with low technology level- traditional knowledge management tools in-use are determined and defined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Implementing the scenario of revelotionary innovation in the SMEs
peyman hajizadeh Seyed reza SalamiOne of the fundamental problems in developing countries is low work fortunes. One of the ways for sustainable employment is to establish and develop innovative SMEs in order to attract graduated work force. So, nowadays the roles of SMEs become more and more important. MoreOne of the fundamental problems in developing countries is low work fortunes. One of the ways for sustainable employment is to establish and develop innovative SMEs in order to attract graduated work force. So, nowadays the roles of SMEs become more and more important. On the other hand, increase in marke change has made them to need more innovation. So for developing the innovation in the SMEs we need a precise planning. For this purpose, at first in this paper the innovation, it̉s types and also a model for innovation development will be described. Then the model of strategic planning for SMEs will be presented, and at the end; we will describe a seven step scenario planning model for developing a revelotionary innovation in SMEs. The different stages of this planning model includes Define scope of planning, Identifying focal issue(s), Identifying key driving forces, Classify/rank uncertainties, Develop scenario framework, Test for consistency/plausibility, and Capability/option planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Various methods of Small and Medium Enterprise's (SME) finance in various stage of lifecycle
Mohammadreza sadrinia Samaneh Mirasadi Mohsen VarvaniToday the small and medium enterprises have irrefutable role in the progress and prosperity countries. Thus, they are attended for politicians and officials. One of the basic necessities of retains and establishment of small and medium enterprise is the issue of financi MoreToday the small and medium enterprises have irrefutable role in the progress and prosperity countries. Thus, they are attended for politicians and officials. One of the basic necessities of retains and establishment of small and medium enterprise is the issue of financial needs. The study of various methods of financing small and medium enterprises can help entrepreneurs to ensure their companies survival. The studies show that small and medium enterprises are using different methods for providing required capital in various stages of their life cycle. Resources such as internal resources, and debt and loan are used in various stages in SME s life cycle. In this article we are trying to introduce small and medium enterprise and their requirements at a glance. The the different methods that owners of these agencies could used for their financial institution, are studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - The Role of Processes Integration in Selecting E-business Model in Automobile Industry: A Case Study in Iran Khodro Company
Mohsen Shafiei Nik Abadi Ali Khatami firozabadiUse of E-businesses is considered as a necessity for getting Competitive Advantage. Selecting and Implementing E-business Models needs different inter-organization and intra-organization Backgrounds. One of the most important Backgrounds is integration in internal and e MoreUse of E-businesses is considered as a necessity for getting Competitive Advantage. Selecting and Implementing E-business Models needs different inter-organization and intra-organization Backgrounds. One of the most important Backgrounds is integration in internal and external processes in a company. In this article at first, different processes in Enterprise Resource Planning system is identified. Then, Importance of Integration for selecting and Implementing E-business in Automobile Industry is surveyed. At last, as a case study, the Integration in Internal and External Processes in Iran Khodro Company is measured. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - The Role of Internet in SME Growth Strategies
Saeed Sehat Mona AbdollahpourTitle: The Role of Internet in SME Growth Strategies Author/Authors Email/Emails Saeed Sehat sehhat@yahoo.com Mona Abdollahpour abdolahpour@gmail.com Abstract: Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs) have been recognized as important contributors in the economy MoreTitle: The Role of Internet in SME Growth Strategies Author/Authors Email/Emails Saeed Sehat sehhat@yahoo.com Mona Abdollahpour abdolahpour@gmail.com Abstract: Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs) have been recognized as important contributors in the economy of many countries and new opportunities are opening for them in domestic and international market. It is vital for an SME to grow in order to remain competitive in these markets. According to researchers studies, there are no single theories which can sufficiently explain the growth of an SME, but the importance and use of the internet is becoming increasingly visible among small and medium enterprises. However, in spite of the potential of the Internet, most of the firms do not view it as a key to their strategies for growth. The aim of this article is to investigate how SMEs are using the Internet in strategies they adopt for growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - knowledge capital reporting in knowledge based enterprises using the ARC model
Mausome Madah Bahram Salavati SarCheshmehIn knowledge based economy, the most successful enterprises are the ones who efficiently utilize their intangible knowledge capital. It is also considering that the term "Knowledge based enterprises" refers to enterprises that use their knowledge capital in order to com MoreIn knowledge based economy, the most successful enterprises are the ones who efficiently utilize their intangible knowledge capital. It is also considering that the term "Knowledge based enterprises" refers to enterprises that use their knowledge capital in order to compete against one another. In knowledge based view, profit is the result of commercialization of new ideas and innovations. In this respect, managers of knowledge based enterprises realize that their knowledge capital extent of their enterprises play a vital role in their business continuance. However, in practice managers usually are not aware of the value of knowledge capital or do not know how to measure it. Moreover, Knowledge capital analysis is not considered in the annual reports and balance sheets, leading complications for the managers to estimate its quantity and quality. It is also considering that the issue has also international importance in addition to its obvious internal significance. According to the latest studies, the major challenge that knowledge based enterprises (especially new born enterprises) face in the resent years has been the requirement to attract financial resources. Moreover, since most of the results and consequences of knowledge based enterprises are intangible knowledge outcomes, the requirement of communication with stakeholders and investors emphasizes the need of external knowledge capital reporting. In this respect, modeling and involving a good arrangement for reporting knowledge capital seems to be essential. The current paper includes a practical structure for reporting knowledge capital in knowledge based enterprises, using the ARC model Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Explanation of Research and Developments Networking Effect in the Valus Improvement of SMEs
Abass Khamse Reza RadfarIn the recent years, importance and the role of small and medium enterprises was on the increase in industrial and developing countries. With the appearance of modern technology in the production and communications, some transitions have been created in the ways of prod MoreIn the recent years, importance and the role of small and medium enterprises was on the increase in industrial and developing countries. With the appearance of modern technology in the production and communications, some transitions have been created in the ways of production, distribution and organizational structure of agencies, and in this regard the importance of small and medium units has been found an upward movement. Developed countries and recently developed ones, have always applied special policies and strategies for improvement of small and medium industries and facilitating of enterprises entrance in the economical arena. They have applied those strategies for the competitions guarantee in the free market and restraint of big companies monopolization. Networking is referred to groups of enterprises which have cooperation in the special project with each other, and are using their own specialties for overcoming the usual and common difficulties, and gaining access to better efficiency. Networks are propounded in the universal trading subjects as a strong situation and condition, and have considered in the modern trading realm since 90s. Its importance as assistance in the creation of innovations in small and medium enterprises has been considered increasingly. Because small and medium enterprises have similar bonds, difficulties and opportunities, so they are providing the same networking policy strategy, the suitable networking facilities that are proportional with necessities and requirements of small and medium enterprises. Furthermore, clustering and networking of small and medium enterprises are considered as an important informational source and ideas creation for the process and productions innovations. On the other hand, the related small and medium enterprises can have the continual research and development, in which total sum of expenses is less than the research and developments expenses of each one solitarily and separately. In addition, products development, processs recovery, common consultation and coordination in the processs recovery of small and medium enterprises, which have been located in the networking discipline, are more fruitful than the processing and consultation of the distinct small and medium enterprises.Adoption of standard certificates and their related codes for the networking organizations is more accessible and cheaper. Also the instructional networks are providing this possibility, for accessing to the continual educational sources, for all small and medium enterprises in the networks. And finally advantages which obtained from the formation of small and medium enterprises networks can fulfill their needs in relation to their entrance to the universal competition arena. In this essay it was tried to consider the role of research and development networking among the small and medium enterprises and study the opportunities and problems which obtained from that. Furthermore, we will discuss the advantages and benefits of clustering and networking among the small and medium enterprises. The creation of values which obtained from research and development networking in the success and development of small and medium enterprises in the competition market will be analyzed too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - The Role of R&D on Job Creation and Value Added of Small and Medium Enterprises
Bita Faramarzpour Darzini Nasrin KhandanThe organization economic co-operation and development (O.E.C.D) gives the definition of R&D as a creative work which is done based on systematic structure in order to find new usage out of technical and scientific resulted knowledge. Before the second world war, only a MoreThe organization economic co-operation and development (O.E.C.D) gives the definition of R&D as a creative work which is done based on systematic structure in order to find new usage out of technical and scientific resulted knowledge. Before the second world war, only a few non-governmental institutions did research about industries. But at the time of the war, the R&D works developed quickly and the complexity of R&D works increased, so that resulted in improvement of new products. R&D importance and governments support and R&D proportion of GDP shows countries development ratio. In the present article, in order to have a better survey of R&Ds position and its network coincreasing ratio in Iran; at first librarian studies were done and some developed countries supporting samples were reviewed. All of them showed that relationship and network creation between R&D units in governmental and nongovernmental sectors in our country, accompanied with the relationship between industry and university. This, can be practical in the best way in form of reinforcing of technology and science parks model. Then the R&D position is studied in Kerman industries. According to managers opinions, many of them emphasized R&D and started to build R&D units and they believed, it is so effective in profitability and value creation. But the important point is the supporting role of the government and the better effort to make the result of the researches applicable and the works of R&D in form of network. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - A Development Bank for Small and Medium Enterprises in Iran (SME bank of IRAN)
Mohammad reza EdrakiFinancial supports just include a part of SMEs essential needs which will be performed through Banking institutions, Development Financial Institutions (DFIs), Leasing and Factoring Companies, Venture Capital Companies (VCs) to support and assist these Enterprises. But MoreFinancial supports just include a part of SMEs essential needs which will be performed through Banking institutions, Development Financial Institutions (DFIs), Leasing and Factoring Companies, Venture Capital Companies (VCs) to support and assist these Enterprises. But development and formation new technical institutions in financial and advisory services lines from SMEs still seems to be necessary. SME Bank of Iran is one of these new and necessary institutes which can be effective as a Development Financial Institution to initiate SMEs businesses, and responding to their special necessity. This Bank as a financial institute and through related financial and advisory proceses can help for financial supports and necessary supplement helps of SMEs. Advisory services in SME Bank of Iran, absolutely, must be presented in an integrated form for financial supports and venture creation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - The Role of Government and Public Sector on Local Development of Innovation
Feredric Bogren Alireza AyatollahiIn scientific environment, technology is the primover of local development, and innovation is the essence of economic growth. Technological development in regions, cities and rural regions is as total and integrated development. This paper, first discusses about technol MoreIn scientific environment, technology is the primover of local development, and innovation is the essence of economic growth. Technological development in regions, cities and rural regions is as total and integrated development. This paper, first discusses about technological innovation and effect of geographic proximity of industries and research centers at national, regional and urban levels. In other words this paper focuses on this question that “Does this proximity helps the growth of innovation and technology. There are many questions about national development. For example Does geographic proximity of industries help innovation and technology growth?, Does this matter accelerate national development or vice versa? will ICT, telecommunication and transportation decrease the cost and problem of industries and their expertise? Or is it cause of centralization in policy and reduction of country and urban logistic effects? This paper also discusses about technology incubators in central region of France and technology transfer between them and a science and research network in order to facilitate technology transfer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Assess an Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP) Applying by the Success of DeLone & McLean’s Model; Case Study: id IKCO
Anahita Safajoo Mahdi Rezaei Khatir Sajjad ShokohyarIn today’s dynamic and competitive business environment which is rapidly changing, the development and deployment of modern information systems have received much attention by managers. The use of such systems has left a significant impact on facilitating the management MoreIn today’s dynamic and competitive business environment which is rapidly changing, the development and deployment of modern information systems have received much attention by managers. The use of such systems has left a significant impact on facilitating the management process. Thus, by providing the means of information production, process and distribution among different levels of management, managers have been enabled to monitor the flow of information in their organizations, relying on more knowledge to apply more determined and technical management. To achieve this goal, information systems have been paid due attention while organizations invest heavily in developing information systems. Therefore, it is vital to evaluate the success of information systems in order to understand their value and efficiency and justify the huge amount of investment made in the development of such systems. The present study was aimed at evaluating the success of information systems (Enterprise Resource Planning) in Iran Khodro Company using Delone and MacLean model. A questionnaire was designed based on six criteria including the quality of information, the quality of system, the quality of service, user satisfaction, the use of system and individual impact. The statistical society of research of 25000 people including managers, experts and employees in Iran Khodro car manufacturing company.379 samples were the required sample size, determined from the formula .The research in terms of objective is an applied research and in terms of methodology and implementation is the kind of descriptive analytic research with an emphasis on the correlation branch. First, the variables were described by statistical tables and indices using SPSS. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze data, test hypotheses and generalize the results to population using LISREL. The results of this research show that the acceptance of a system of information, especially from prospective of end users, arising from the ratio between the person and information systems. Finally, solutions have been provided to improve the refuted hypotheses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Identify and Prioritize Science Parks and Technology Services Offered to Companies Active in the Field of Software Technologies
Saeed Shavalpour Sadegh HosseinZadeh Maleki Mehdi Ghafori Fard Mir Saman PishvaeeFormation of science and technology parks in Iran dates back to more than two decades. However, there are numerous challenges for the mission defined for them; parks cannot significantly give services to companies operating in the country's soft-technology. One of the c MoreFormation of science and technology parks in Iran dates back to more than two decades. However, there are numerous challenges for the mission defined for them; parks cannot significantly give services to companies operating in the country's soft-technology. One of the challenges that science and technology parks in the country are facing is a certain criteria to determine optimum services provided for development of companies operating in the field of software technology. Hence, this research has been trying to examine the various models of science and technology parks global software as well as field study, the opinions of some activists inside the arena, proposals for boosting and developing science and technology and services parks aimed at expanding and upgrading small and medium-sized interpreneurship in the field of software technologies. The process of this study includes reviewing the resources as well as qualitative non-constructive interviews to collect information and also to wrap up the research method of fuzzy decision-making. The results of the present study suggests that basic services, such as low-interest loans, endangers promoting and developing companies, transfer of experience required for companies, including a market analysis and demographic characteristics of their needs for development and success of these companies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Identification and Priorities KBEs Challenges using ANN Method (Case study: Yazds KBEs)
Mojtaba GholiPour Mohammad Ali Vahdat Zad Mohammad Saleh Oliua Hasan Khademi ZareuThe role of knowledge and science are paid attention in national development because creating expertise and improving the Total factor productivity of production. Furthermore, the position of technology and knowledge is considered vital as endogenous factors in this dev MoreThe role of knowledge and science are paid attention in national development because creating expertise and improving the Total factor productivity of production. Furthermore, the position of technology and knowledge is considered vital as endogenous factors in this development process. On the other hand, the conversion of knowledge into product and service will meet the needs of different communities. Knowledge-based companies are included as institutions that work as factories converting knowledge into product and service. Although, knowledge-based companies create sustainable knowledge-based economy and development of indigenous knowledge in many countries, but in accordance with the country's 20-year outlook and in terms of quality and quantity, they are not in ideal situation and are faced with challenges in their own development process. This research aims at identifying challenges facing knowledge-based companies located in Yazd's Science and Technology Park of Eghbal and prioritizing these challenges using Artificial Neural Network. The case study includes 137 managers and senior staff of these companies. Fifty nine challenges obtained from related literatures and experts’ opinions have been compiled in a questionnare and distributed among target population. One hundred and twenty eight collected questionnairs were validated by BP Artificial Neural Network and confirmed with MSE=2.0332 and challenges were prioritized with Artificial Neural Networks Radial Basis Function. The research proved that 19 of 59 challenges were priority among which economic problems of the country, industry and domestic markets recession and government’s unbalanced support policies can be pointed out. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Selecting Enterprise Resource Planning System Using of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach
Hojatollah HamidiSelecting an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is time consuming due to the resource constraints, the software complexity, and the different of alternatives. A comprehensively systematic selection policy for ERP system is very important to the success of ERP pro MoreSelecting an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is time consuming due to the resource constraints, the software complexity, and the different of alternatives. A comprehensively systematic selection policy for ERP system is very important to the success of ERP project. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) method to evaluate the alternatives of ERP system. The selection criteria of ERP system are numerous and fuzzy, so how to select an adequate ERP system is crucial in the early phase of an ERP project. The framework decomposes ERP system selection into four main factors. The goal of this paper is to select the best alternative that meets the requirements with respect to “product factors”, “system factors”, “management factors” and “vendor factors”. The sub-attributes (sub-factors) related to ERP selection have been classified into thirteen main categories. These criteria and factors are weighed and prioritized and finally a framework is provided for ERP selection with the fuzzy AHP method. Also, a real case study from PARDIS-LO Company is presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Suggest a Model for the Academic Humanities Spin off Incubators, Move to the Fourth Generation University
Taraneh Enayati Alireza AulipourExperts believe the academic humanities is the platform of all sciences in any countries. Therefore, the academic humanities should provide development platforms before experiential and technical sciences. The movement from training-based universities to entrepreneur-ba MoreExperts believe the academic humanities is the platform of all sciences in any countries. Therefore, the academic humanities should provide development platforms before experiential and technical sciences. The movement from training-based universities to entrepreneur-based universities was based on turning theory to practice and knowledge commercialization, which led to the creation of incubators and university spin off enterprises. But something which was neglected was the status of the humanities in the incubators and university spin off enterprises. This paper is a qualitative study which the researchers studied the records, information on the database and interviewed with the experts from the Science and Technology Parks and Incubators. Open and in-depth interviewing method was applied to describe challenges and problems for knowledge commercialization in the field of the academic humanities. In the end, The researchers suggest a model for humanities’ spin off enterprises by considering software technology, in order to move in the post post-modern world and localization of humanities and move towards the creation of a fourth generation university. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Identifying Effective Critical Success Factors in Electronic Supply Chain Management (Case study: Small and Medium-sized Enterprises)
morteza jabale Sajad Ranjkesh Mohammad Reza Ghiasy Hossein Ali Hassan pourElectronic supply chain management (e-SCM) is one of the competitive industrial fields of the country. Availability of Internet network and information in supply chain management, gives the capability and competitiveness to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and MoreElectronic supply chain management (e-SCM) is one of the competitive industrial fields of the country. Availability of Internet network and information in supply chain management, gives the capability and competitiveness to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and also helps them for resilience in today`s competitions. Electronic supply chain management plays an important role in improving supply chain factors, information authenticity, reducing bullwhip effect and delivering products to the customers in right time and right place with high speed and accuracy. Attending to these factors can be helpful in making suitable decisions to promote enterprise by managers. The goals of this paper is to identifying effective critical success factors in electronic supply chain management and survey their effects on e-SCM implementation in small and medium-sized enterprises. To achieve this goal, thirteen questions has been developed and a multi-variable linear regression technique in SPSS used for analyzing questionnaire. A Multi regression analyses a dependent variable, which linearly relates to some independent controlled variables. Independent variables Xk are critical sub-factors for main factors and dependent variable Y indicate implementation of electronic supply chain management. Result analysis shows that four critical success factors are the most important factors playing role in e-SCM implementation in small and medium-sized enterprises, which are supporting of capacity of supplier, organizational scale, compatibility of e-SCM and CEO’s creative level. Management by focusing on four factors will make to improvement and forward upgrades in future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The Effect of Environmental Pressure on the Firm Performance With an Emphasis on Green Technology Selection (Case Study: Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises of Chemical Paint Production)
hamid azizmohamadlou sepide mohamadnejad madardiFirm performance is one of the most important criteria for evaluating their success . Given the fact that in recent decades concerns about the environment have increased , small and medium - sized enterprises should implement methods to improve their performance in this MoreFirm performance is one of the most important criteria for evaluating their success . Given the fact that in recent decades concerns about the environment have increased , small and medium - sized enterprises should implement methods to improve their performance in this area. One of the methods is selection and deployment of green technologies . his concept has grown in recent years and many organizations have used it as an environmental strategy. Considering the fact that the most important issue for any organization is to improve revenue and profitability , green technology can take an important step in this direction by reducing energy consumption, waste reduction and increase in efficiency. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of environmental pressure on the firm performance with an emphasis on selection of green technology. Data are collected through the questionnaire and 75 samples from managers of small and medium-sized enterprises of chemical paint production . For testing the conceptual model , structural equation modeling based on partial least squares method is used . The results of this research show that pressure of macroeconomic circumstances has the most influence on the selection of the green technology , hence improving the environmental performance leads to growth in firm performance. It is anticipated with increasing the pressure of macroeconomic circumstance and government support , industries have tendency to selection of green technology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The future Prospects for the Role of Networking in SME to increased Competitive Advantage through Open Innovation
Atefeh Zolfaghari Hesam Zand HesamiNetworking technology and innovation is the most important development strategies to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises in an increasingly competitive environment of today's world. Firms will be able to Identifying new technologies, customer needs through foresi MoreNetworking technology and innovation is the most important development strategies to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises in an increasingly competitive environment of today's world. Firms will be able to Identifying new technologies, customer needs through foresight, capture ideas and thereby contribute to the implementation and strengthening of open innovation. This article is a qualitative study that by studying the documents, databases and articles foresight, competitive advantage, and networking is formed and is integrated with content analysis and scenario. The network of small and medium-sized enterprises, open innovation process data play an important role. According to data collected in the process of networking in open innovation of small and medium, enterprises are playing an important role. This article examines the future prospects with Back casting to design a scenario has been discussed and the important role of small and medium enterprises contained within the networking. In this type of business due to the use of open innovation process, companies in the course of an idea to getting products to market, from other companies or organizations in the network will receive assistance and business ideas, technical knowledge, technology, and services, production and distribution of new methods to get new markets in the emerging network, in this way company will increase revenue and reduce costs. In the process of open innovation companies regularly selling ideas, knowledge, technology and services are networking with other companies, thereby increasing revenue and reducing company costs and ultimately achieve a competitive advantage for the firms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Identifying and Ranking the Factors of E-Readiness Assessment for SMEs to Enter the E-Commerce Market
Abbas Toloie Eshlaghy Farshid Farokhizadeh Reza Radfar Naghi ShojaDuring the last decade, the key role of information and communication technology has proven to facilitate the process of transition and change of organizations; The e-readiness is the platform for entering into the modern time and activities in the networked world ad we MoreDuring the last decade, the key role of information and communication technology has proven to facilitate the process of transition and change of organizations; The e-readiness is the platform for entering into the modern time and activities in the networked world ad well as competition in the market. Thus, the design of e-readiness evaluation models, regarding the internal and environmental conditions of organizations and communities with the purpose of assessing their e-readiness level is necessary. However, without the evaluation of e-readiness of the organization, activity in the networked world will be impossible and have very high obstacles. In this paper, a brief introduction of the proposed models for the evaluation of the e-readiness and their classification have been discussed. Moreover, the factors influencing the e-readiness of the small and medium-sized enterprises to enter the e-commerce market have been investigated and detected through a combination approach of Shannon entropy. In this paper, after identifying and introducting existing models; the concepts, dimensions, and indices of the research were extracted and ranked by the Shannon entropy method. The results of this study show that the first ranked factors were organizational factors. Then environmental and man power factors were ranked second and third, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Identification and Analysis of the Main Strategic Components Affecting the Failure of Knowledge-Based Companies in Iran (The Case Study: Technology and Science Park of Kermanshah City)
Donya Gholami Ali RamezaniIt is more than one decade that Iran is trying to get away from Oil economy and approaching to the knowledge-based economy. The government tries to close the university to industry by setting up the technology and science parks. It tries to promote the new technologies MoreIt is more than one decade that Iran is trying to get away from Oil economy and approaching to the knowledge-based economy. The government tries to close the university to industry by setting up the technology and science parks. It tries to promote the new technologies by supporting start-ups. Now, we are in a time that many of the start-up companies can grow and produce the Advanced Services and productions. But they have faced with a strategic challenge. This challenge is their problem about selling the products and Knowledge-based services. Indeed, the products and Knowledge-based services are faced with the problem of entry into the business. This research, tries to study the four factors that have the most influence in the failure of companies in sailing, exchanging, and Commercialization of their technologies. We discuss about these challenges and test them in a fieldwork. The results of our research show the reasons of their failure in business are the lack of government interference in facilitating the process of technology exchange, the lack of brand, distrust of industry and State organs and business to Knowledge-based products. Statistical Society is the active technology and science parks in Iran. This model was tested by the trivial squares minimum technique and Smart Plus software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Determine Eligibility Criteria and Evaluate the Qualitative Dimension of Mentors in Knowledge Enterprises in Isfahan Province's Scientific and Research Community
Mahdieh mahdikhani Morteza rasti bozorkiToday's organizations operate in a completely challengeable and complex environment. Moreover, they are constantly trying to adopt new approaches to the development, preservation and maintenance of human resources as the most important organizational capital in order to MoreToday's organizations operate in a completely challengeable and complex environment. Moreover, they are constantly trying to adopt new approaches to the development, preservation and maintenance of human resources as the most important organizational capital in order to remain competitive. Mentoring is the art of facilitating the implementation of activities, the process of learning and personal development. In other words, mentoring can be defined as a technique which provides a new approach for organizations in order to conduct human resource in a conventional manner to attain the organization’s goal. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mentoring approach and to evaluate the qualitative dimension of mentors in Isfahan Province's scientific and research community. For evaluating the mentors, at first, the protocols related to the assessment and prioritization of values were given to the mentors in order to define the most important factors based on their responses. Based on their opinions and the most significant factors, a questionnaire was developed and the approach was conducted in a sample of 20 manufacturing-service companies in Isfahan. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were verified. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, and also the SPSS was used to perform statistical tests. The obtained results prove that the mentors have generally performed at a moderate and good level in the framework of the mentoring approach. According to the single-group t-test, most of the defined factors are convenient in mentors’ performance evaluation in a negligible difference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Cloud Computing Technology in the Management of Human Resources for Small and Medium Enterprises - Applications, Advantages and Challenges
Mona Kardani malekinezhad Mohammad Mahdi FarahiIn recent years, the advent of cloud computing has brought significant advances in the IT industry, and business management. One of the most important advantages of this technology is its reduced cost and the ability to seamlessly manage resources without the need for c MoreIn recent years, the advent of cloud computing has brought significant advances in the IT industry, and business management. One of the most important advantages of this technology is its reduced cost and the ability to seamlessly manage resources without the need for costly deployment of multiple infrastructures and software, and is thus widely used in the deployment of management systems and systems in organizations. Cloud computing technology has also been widely used in human resource management systems. In many cases the implementation and deployment of multiple HRM systems and software, especially for small and medium-sized organizations, entails numerous costs. Cloud computing technology is a tool that allows organizations to form and manage management systems, including their own human resource management systems, in a seamless, low-cost cloud environment. The purpose of this study is to explore the applications, advantages and challenges of cloud computing technology in human resource management, and its implementation requirements especially in small and medium enterprises. The study was carried out through library method and literature review. And it has attempted to review how literature and the requirements of cloud computing are applied in human resource management by reviewing literature and research in this area. Based on the findings of this study, the applications of cloud computing in human resource management systems in SMEs are widespread. This technology can be used in talent recruitment, training and development of human resources, compensation management systems, and human resource management and evaluation. Also, the advantages and challenges of this technology in human resource management of small and medium-sized enterprises can be categorized into two general categories, including internal and external factors. Internal advantages and challenges include technical, security, human, and financial factors, and external factors include environmental and legal factors. The applications and advantages and challenges of this technology are described in detail in the HRM systems of SMEs. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for companies and organizations to manage small organizations using and utilizing cloud computing technology in human resource management systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The Impact of Essential Capabilities of Marketing on the Performance of Knowledge-Based Enterprises
majid namakian omid ali kahriziAbstract Today, leading companies try to maximize their profitability by paying attention to important factors for their customers. This is the most important reason of their success and it is base on marketing. Therefore, the present research seeks to identify and prio MoreAbstract Today, leading companies try to maximize their profitability by paying attention to important factors for their customers. This is the most important reason of their success and it is base on marketing. Therefore, the present research seeks to identify and prioritize the essential marketing capabilities on the performance of knowledge-based companies in a science and technology park. The current research is one of the descriptive-survey research in terms of implementations and data collection method. The statistical population of this study is 750 people and the sample is 254 employees and managers of knowledge-based companies in Kermanshah science and Technology Park. A researcher-made questionnaire was developed. Whose validity was confirmed by the professors and experts of the university and experts in the Science and Technology Park. The Cronbach Alpha value of the knowledge-based companies of 906/0 and the essential capabilities of marketing were all above 0.70, which indicates acceptable reliability. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between marketing capabilities and performance of knowledge-based companies, and research variables with a 99% confidence level have a meaningful relationship and all relationships at error level 1 / 0 were verified. Further more, the results of regression showed that "services marketing", "Internet marketing" and "marketing of new products" affect the performance of knowledge-based companies. Finally, based on the results of Friedman test, the international marketing and export dimensions with the score of 7.61 have the highest impact and services and Internet marketing are in the next categories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Evaluating the performance of the garment industry with an export approach with Interpretive Structural modelling (ISM)
Hamzeh Amin-Tahmasbi Yasaman ZahedanThe garment industry is one of the important and flourishing industries in the country that seems to grow in the export market besides the internal market. It’s considerable that performance measurement is a vital tool for access to basic improvements and it’s important MoreThe garment industry is one of the important and flourishing industries in the country that seems to grow in the export market besides the internal market. It’s considerable that performance measurement is a vital tool for access to basic improvements and it’s important in management. Therefore this research sought to found important and influencer indicators in the garment industry and determine the relationship between these indicators and their preference for each other. For perform this investigation, 35 indicators, obtained from literature review, filtered using questionnaires and experts opinion and then 16 indicators were selected as basic indicators based on Fridman’s method. Using ISM, a meaningful relationship and the importance of indicators were extracted. Penetration power and dependence of indicators determined with the MICMAC analysis. The ISM model showed that the “quality of design”, “planning”, and “applied education with the aim of export increase” indicators have the most impact and they act such as the infrastructure for the model. Also “new product introduction”, “brand promotion”, “increase ordering level”, “marketing”, “effective presence in international markets” and “financial” indicators stand at the top level of the model and are influenced by other indicators. MICMAC analysis showed that “quality of design”,” quality of adaptation”,” planning”, and “applied education with the aim of export increase” have strong driving power but weak dependence power; As a result, these factors are driving in the garment industry and should be a priority for the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Entrepreneurial University; Higher Education Sustainable and Consistent, Leverage on the Path to Sustainable Development
HOSSEIN Samadi-Miarkolaei hamzeh Samadi-MiarkolaeiNowadays, the sustainable development has become an ideal and great challenge. The universities are obligated to realize this ideal in higher education, and undoubtedly, the role of universities in sustainable development is undeniable. In the meantime, the appearance o MoreNowadays, the sustainable development has become an ideal and great challenge. The universities are obligated to realize this ideal in higher education, and undoubtedly, the role of universities in sustainable development is undeniable. In the meantime, the appearance of entrepreneurial university is a response to increasingly importance of knowledge in the national and regional innovation system and new understanding of university; i.e. the institution which is counted as a factor for development, knowledge and technology transfer, and the source of creative inventions, and is good and thrifty economically. Therefore, present research is conducted to explain and investigate the entrepreneurial university model toward achievement of sustainable development in Mazandaran universities. This research, in terms of purpose, is an applied research, and in terms of data gathering, is a descriptive research. First, by means of literature review and interview with experts, the primiarly questionnaire is designed and the principal indices of entrepreneurial university model are extracted. Then, the FDEMATEL is used to explore the causal relations between variables, and finally, the (FDISM) is used to design the structural model. Results showed, among explored indices, five variables play a causal role and five variables play an effectual role. Results of fuzzy weighting technique showed, among explored indices, the indices of vision, mission, and strategy in university possess the most weight and importance. Also, FDISM approach showed the variables have been categorized into seven levels, and the variables of vision, mission, and strategy in university, leadership in university, and organizational structure and design in university are more influential as infrastructural factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Developing a Model Based on the Applications of Organizationl Informational Portal in E-Commerce Corporate Workspace
Leila Malekpour AmirReza Konjkav Monfared Saeed Saeida ArdekaniConcerning the expanding online communication bandwidth and the importance of using enterprise portals and the attention to information management in organizations based on E-Commerce, in the orded to increase productivity and competitive power, effective and efficient MoreConcerning the expanding online communication bandwidth and the importance of using enterprise portals and the attention to information management in organizations based on E-Commerce, in the orded to increase productivity and competitive power, effective and efficient use of organizational information portals is essential. To this end, the purpose of this research is to identify and build a relationship using structural-interpretive modeling between the functions of an organization’s information portal to increase productivity in the online business workspace. This research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive terms of nature. For this purpose, in the first step, the dimensions of the model, theoretical literature, and interviewing with experts including professors and related specialists (management and IT) were identified. In the next step, a structural-interpretive modeling method was used in order to build a relationship between the dimensions and the model presentation. In this method, the research model was presented based on expert’s opinions and analysis. The research results illustrate the process of acquiring knowledge management through other identified functions of organizational information portals in the workspace, showing that communication with professionals leads to three dimensions of faster and more structured access to information as well as collaboration that will create integrated information. Finally, this knowledge management is formed through integrated information. Overall, the research showed that using organizational information portals and optimizing its applications at the company level can be achieved one of the most important components in the management of online business companies that is knowledge management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Designing a Technology Innovation Hub Pattern Using Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) Approach
Ramazan Mahdizadeh parviz saeedi Babak Ziyae Ahmad MehrabianThe Innovation Hub is a unique research and innovation ecosystem. It is a global environment that attracts high quality academic members, researchers, students, innovators and entrepreneurs. Innovation Hub as essential components of knowledge-based economic and social d MoreThe Innovation Hub is a unique research and innovation ecosystem. It is a global environment that attracts high quality academic members, researchers, students, innovators and entrepreneurs. Innovation Hub as essential components of knowledge-based economic and social development in the innovation ecosystem have been expanding in recent years and have been considered by science and technology policymakers in countries during the growth mechanisms of technology businesses. For the growth of technological innovations in developing countries, it is necessary to have a deeper knowledge and understanding of the processes of innovation development structures in order to achieve the desired effectiveness in implementation and modeling, so the present study seeks to aim at how the Technology Innovation Hub modelis. In this study, a qualitative and quantitative mixed method was used. Researchers identified key factors in creating the innovation hub by library studies and interviews with experts. These factors included six dimensions of network and social interaction, infrastructure and resources, the existence of innovative and knowledge-based companies, institutional factors, team and structure. In this study, using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method, the factors affecting the creation of the Technology Innovation Hub were superficially prioritized and the relationships between the factors were calculated. The results showed that the management team factor and the structure with high degree of permeability and low dependence have had the greatest impact on the relationships between the factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Analysis of the Effect of Brand Promotion on Human Resource Performance in Science and Technology Parks
Dariush Poursarrajian Mohammad Saeed Taslimi Alinaghi Mashayekhi Ali Haji Gholam Saryazdi Mojgan SoltaniIn the present age, intangible assets such as branding, quality, technology, innovation, creativity, and knowledge capital are the source of organizations' competitive advantage. Organizations need to be able to create the right mental image of themselves in the minds o MoreIn the present age, intangible assets such as branding, quality, technology, innovation, creativity, and knowledge capital are the source of organizations' competitive advantage. Organizations need to be able to create the right mental image of themselves in the minds of their community, customers, and employees to attract and retain motivated, committed, and talented human resources. Given the importance of this issue in science and technology parks as technology and knowledge-based institution, whose most important assets are knowledgeable people, this article seeks to use the system dynamics approach of dynamic relationships of brand promotion policy on human resource performance in the park. Examine science and technology and provide appropriate solutions to improve the structure, quality, and quantity at the level of parks and ultimately improve the performance of science and technology parks. In this regard, using the opinions of experts in in-depth interviews in group model building (GMB) sessions, the problem was explained and a dynamic hypothesis was developed and a qualitative model (cause and effect diagrams - CLDs) and a quantitative model (stock and flow diagram - SFD) were developed. The results of group modeling in this paper lead to the identification of three strategies to increase agility and performance flexibility through the development of revenue sources, development of national and international science and technology parks, development of communications, and the scope of influence and development of specialized institutions, Technology, and communication with industry/market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Designing a digital entrepreneurship model with an interpretive structural modeling approach
hossein alikhani alireza isfandyari parviz saeediEntering the age that is common in the information society, entrepreneurship in the digital space as a new approach to starting businesses based on a new thinking and idea has found a prominent place among service and production activists. He was the founder of Mazandar MoreEntering the age that is common in the information society, entrepreneurship in the digital space as a new approach to starting businesses based on a new thinking and idea has found a prominent place among service and production activists. He was the founder of Mazandaran province that structural and interpretive modeling method was used in designing this model. The research method was descriptive-correlational. According to the research background,39components were selected in the form of seven dimensions (structural-strategy-management-people-technology-content-environment).Then,the opinions of 20 university professors and managers of knowledge-based companies who were experts in the field of digital entrepreneurship were used. Interpretive structural modeling and MICMAC analysis were used to cluster the dimensions of digital entrepreneurship. ISM results showed that the foundation of digital entrepreneurship is first (structural-technological), second (managerial), third (strategy) and fourth (people-content-environmental). Also, after MICMAC analysis, the dimensions (structural-technology) in the independent cluster and the dimensions (individuals-content-environment) in the dependent cluster and the dimensions (strategy-management) in the autonomous cluster were included. Finally, it can be said that digital entrepreneurship is important not only for technology companies and IT sectors, but also for all industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Identifying the effective factors on aging entrepreneurship and providing an interpretive structural model
ali poormandi Mohammad Bagher Gorji Ibrahim Abbasi majid ashrafiGiven that Iran is on the path of development and older entrepreneurs have an increasing share in economic activities in developed countries, the category of elderly entrepreneurship can help accelerate the country's development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to MoreGiven that Iran is on the path of development and older entrepreneurs have an increasing share in economic activities in developed countries, the category of elderly entrepreneurship can help accelerate the country's development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting aging entrepreneurship and model design with an interpretive structural approach. The present research is applied and based on the method, descriptive-correlation. The decision team consisted of 11 senior entrepreneurs and university professors. In the first step, the factors affecting elderly entrepreneurship were identified using in-depth interviews using data-based method, which includes 24 components in eight dimensions (personality traits, entrepreneurial skills, entrepreneurial competence, entrepreneurial motivation, entrepreneurial attitude, cognitive factors, human networks and behavioral characteristics. Are entrepreneurs). In the second step, interpretive structural modeling with Excel software was used to present the model. The results showed that the elderly entrepreneurship model has four levels: human networks in the first level, dimensions (entrepreneurial skills, entrepreneurial competence, entrepreneurial motivation, entrepreneurial attitude and cognitive factors) in the second level, entrepreneurial behavioral characteristics in the third level and personality traits in the fourth level. Are located. Therefore, it can be said that the foundation of aging entrepreneurship is personality traits. Also, MICMAC analysis showed that the dimensions (1-8) are in the independent cluster and the dimension (7) is in the dependent cluster and the dimensions (2-3-4-5-6) are in the link cluster. Findings Research reflects aging entrepreneurship as a process of seizing opportunities by combining resources by human factors in order to create new values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - model of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder
masumeh shafiei فاطمه رضایی Massoud SadeghiThe aim of this study was to develop a model of of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder. .The present study is a correlation of structural equation modeling, The statistical population included 415 in MoreThe aim of this study was to develop a model of of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder. .The present study is a correlation of structural equation modeling, The statistical population included 415 individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder The statistical population of the study included 415 individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. And questionnaires Neuroticism, interpersonal problems, Contrast Avoidance of Worry and generalized anxiety were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation and structural equation And wereanalyzed using AMOS and SPSS software. the results showed that The proposed model fits well. In this model, neuroticism, interpersonal problems, and Contrast Avoidance of Worry had a direct and significant effect on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. But Childhood Trauma and Emotional Contrast Avoidance did not have a direct and significant effect on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Interpersonal problems and Contrast Avoidance of Worry also significantly mediated between neuroticism and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and Interpersonal problems and Contrast Avoidance of Worry significantly mediated between childhood trauma and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. According to the research findings, the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder are affected by childhood trauma, neuroticism, interpersonal problems, and Contrast Avoidance of Worry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - The efficacy of trauma focused-cognitive behavioral therapy on mood and somatic symptoms of children with interpersonal trauma
somaye Shahabi Vand Afrooz Afshari leila Cheragh MolaeiThe aim of present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy on mood and somatic symptoms reduction of children with history of interpersonal trauma. This was a single subject experimental study with Multiple baseline design and t MoreThe aim of present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy on mood and somatic symptoms reduction of children with history of interpersonal trauma. This was a single subject experimental study with Multiple baseline design and the population consist of all primary school children (boys and girls) in 2019-2020 academic year in Saghez city. 4 (9-12 years old) students with interpersonal trauma history were recruited by convenient sampling method. Child and parent forms of life incidence of traumatic events questionnaire (LITE-C & LITE-P), child and parent reports of post traumatic symptoms (CROPS, PROPS) and Takata & Sakata psychosomatic complaints scale were administered to them at baseline (A), two first, two middle and two last sessions and after completion of treatment in follow up sessions. In B experimental phase each of these 4 student, receive 14 individual treatment sessions of TF-CBT on average. Spss-25 software was used. To analyze data with graphic analysis and improvement percentage as well as descriptive statistics, repeated measure variance analysis and dependent T test. Results indicated that clinical and statistical improvements were occurring in reduction of children’s mood and somatic symptoms and post-traumatic stress symptoms, which was, remain constantly in 3 weeks follow up. Hence, this treatment could reduce the mood and somatic symptoms of children with interpersonal trauma. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - The mediating role of academic self-concept in the relationship between academic hope and counterproductive academic behavior
Ehsan keshtvarz kondazi Akbar Rezaeifard Abdoljalal ToomajThe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of academic self-concept in the relationship between academic hope and counterproductive academic behavior. The present study was a correlational study using structural equation modeling. The statistical popula MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of academic self-concept in the relationship between academic hope and counterproductive academic behavior. The present study was a correlational study using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study was all high school students in Dorodzan region in the academic year 1398-99. Participants were 299 students (167 girls and 132 boys) who were selected by cluster random sampling method and They completed the scales of academic hope (Khormaei & Kamari, 2017), counterproductive academic behavior (Rimkus, 2012) and academic self-concept checklist (Chen and Thompson, 2004). Structural equation modeling was used to answer the research hypotheses. The results showed that academic hope, both directly and indirectly and through academic self-concept, had a negative effect on counterproductive academic behavior. Overall, the findings of this study indicate the importance of paying attention to the role of academic hope and academic self-concept in reducing students' counterproductive academic behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Prevalence of Premenstrual Dysphoric Symptoms in Iranian Women and its Relationship with Difficulty in Emotional Regulation and Change in the Symptoms during COVID-19 Pandemic
Seyedeh Zahra Mousavi Razieh KhorramabadiThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in Iranian women, its relationship with difficulty in emotional regulation as well as women's attitudes toward menstruation and the change in the severity of premenstrual dysphori MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in Iranian women, its relationship with difficulty in emotional regulation as well as women's attitudes toward menstruation and the change in the severity of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and difficulty in emotion regulation during Covid 19 pandemic. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population was Iranian women of menstrual age in 2021, from which 287 people were selected. The research tools were demographic information form, difficulty in emotion regulation scale and premenstrual symptoms screening tool. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder were found to be higher than premenstrual syndrome, and most women considered menstruation to be normal for normal health. Symptoms were also unchanged during the Covid 19 Pandemic in most women. The highest frequency of severe premenstrual symptoms was related to fatigue/ lack of energy and the lowest frequency was related to insomnia. Based on regression analysis, difficulty in emotion regulation explained 16% of the changes in premenstrual symptoms and dimensions of difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors and lack of emotional clarity together explained 18% of the changes. Therefore, considering the predictive role of emotion regulation, designing interventions to regulate women's emotion may be able to reduce premenstrual symptoms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Academic Entitlement in the Relationship between Parental Over-involvement and Counterproductive Academic Child
Mina Mahbod Mahboubeh FouladchangThe aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationship between parental over-involvement and counterproductive academic behavior through academic entitlement. The participants were 451 university students from Shiraz University selected by multistage rando MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationship between parental over-involvement and counterproductive academic behavior through academic entitlement. The participants were 451 university students from Shiraz University selected by multistage random cluster sampling method. The participants completed three measures: Parental Over-Involvement Scale/ Helicopter Parenting (LeMoyne, & Buchanan, 2011), Academic Entitlement Scale (Chowning & Campbell, 2009), and Counterproductive Student Behavior Scale (Rimkus, 2012). The results indicated that the model had a good fitness with the data. There was a direct effect of parental over-involvement on academic entitlement. Academic entitlement also had a positive direct effect on counterproductive academic behavior. The parental over-involvement had an indirect effect on counterproductive academic behavior through academic entitlement. The results showed that parental over involvement predict academic entitlement and consequently perception of entitlement determine level of counterproductive academic behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Model of Contrast Avoidance of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in People with Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Masumeh Shafiei فاطمه رضایی Masoud SadeghiThe aim of this study was to develop a model of of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder. .The present study is a correlation of structural equation modeling, The statistical population included 457 in MoreThe aim of this study was to develop a model of of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder. .The present study is a correlation of structural equation modeling, The statistical population included 457 individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. And questionnaires Neuroticism, interpersonal problems, Contrast Avoidance of Worry and generalized anxiety were used. Data were analyzed using structural equation And were analyzed using AMOS and SPSS software. the results showed that The proposed model fits well. In this model, neuroticism, interpersonal problems, and Contrast Avoidance of Worry had a direct and significant effect on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. But Childhood Trauma and Emotional Contrast Avoidance did not have a direct and significant effect on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Interpersonal problems and Contrast Avoidance of Worry also significantly mediated between neuroticism and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and Interpersonal problems and Contrast Avoidance of Worry significantly mediated between childhood trauma and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. According to the research findings, the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder are affected by childhood trauma, neuroticism, interpersonal problems, and Contrast Avoidance of Worry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - A comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Pre-Marriage Education by the Method of Awareness Program on Dysfunctional Marital Beliefs in People Applying for Marriage
محمدمهدی کریمی نیا Saeed Balochzadeh-KhorshanehThe current research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of pre-marriage trainings using the method of interpersonal awareness and choice program and the multi-dimensional local-oriented approach on couples' dysfunctional beliefs in people applying MoreThe current research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of pre-marriage trainings using the method of interpersonal awareness and choice program and the multi-dimensional local-oriented approach on couples' dysfunctional beliefs in people applying for marriage. The method of the present research is a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all the people who applied for marriage in Arak city, and among them, 60 people were randomly selected in three experimental groups of the awareness and selection program. Interpersonal, indigenous education group and control group were included. In this study, the content of the pre-marriage training sessions based on the principles and techniques of the interpersonal awareness and choice program (PICK) in two 90-minute sessions per week and multi-dimensional indigenous education in ten 40-minute sessions Done. The data collection tool was communication beliefs inventory and analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Based on the results, there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of pre-marriage education by the method of interpersonal awareness and selection program and the multidimensional local-oriented approach on communication beliefs in two beliefs related to the belief of expectation of mind reading and the belief that the spouse will not change. Another result is that in the program of pre-marriage education by the method of awareness and interpersonal choices program, people learned that communication and compatibility with the future spouse is much more complicated than matching or having no dissimilarity with him and it is necessary to behave with including self-sacrifice in improving relationships and increasing satisfaction, play their role. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Intertextual elements and the flood of mind in the works of Mahmoud Akbarzadeh and Mohammad Reza Shams
maryam ghaffari jahedThe current trend of modernism in Iran is a new phenomenon that has attracted the attention of some writers and has produced works that have been successful in some cases with the pattern of western literature. Given that modernism still has its place in the fictional MoreThe current trend of modernism in Iran is a new phenomenon that has attracted the attention of some writers and has produced works that have been successful in some cases with the pattern of western literature. Given that modernism still has its place in the fictional literature of Iran as it should be, its entry into the child's literature can hardly be accepted. On the one hand, the authors' lack of attention to the childhood and adolescent age and the tendency to ambiguity make it impossible to understand the concept of the text for this group. In this study, with the aim of understanding the modernist features of child literature in recent decades and aspects of the authors' innovation, Mahmoud Akbarzadeh and Mohammadreza Shams have been focusing on the use of modern elements with an emphasis on the intertextuality and fluidity of the mind, and we conclude that Mahmoud Akbarzadeh in the field of modern scriptwriting , Has innovations, and most of the intertextual elements in his work are Faradastan and folklore, and in some cases, the fluid flow of mind is used to narrate the story. Mohammad Reza Shams' intertextual elements also include folk beliefs, folklore and myths, and have abundantly flowed from the fluid flow of mind. Therefore, his works are more complex than those of Mahmoud Akbarzadeh. : Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Historical analysis of Hafez's sonnets, during the reign of Shah Sheikh Abu Ishaq Inju
Ali mohammadi amirafshin farhadiyanNo text, as a phenomenon, is free from the influence of external elements, and without a doubt, social and political events are among the most important and effective external factors. The historical approach to Hafiz's poetry, although less well known, can help to unde MoreNo text, as a phenomenon, is free from the influence of external elements, and without a doubt, social and political events are among the most important and effective external factors. The historical approach to Hafiz's poetry, although less well known, can help to understand many of the difficult, ambiguous, and seemingly scattered aspects of his poetry, relying on recorded historical facts. Among the important historical events of Hafiz's era, the events of the end of the reign of Shah Sheikh Abu Ishaq Inju, due to its profound impact on Hafiz and the change in his life path, have a special place. There was a deep friendship between Hafez and Shah Abu Ishaq, who was a chivalrous and lavish and who respected the people of grace and art, and his reign over Shiraz was one of the best days of Hafez's life. After the defeat of Shah Inju by Amir Mobarez al-Din Mohammad Mozaffari, the page of the time suddenly returned and the poet's dark days came. Undoubtedly, this change and the revolution of the time had a strong reflection in Hafez's poems, which used poetry as a tool to express ideas, positions, and even struggles. Hafez scholars who have reflected the political and historical events of HafIz's time in his works have considered a total of 50 lyric poems to be related to the end of Abu Ishaq's work. We have arranged these poems in order of utilization of the consensus of researchers, from the highest to the lowest, and after confronting each other, we have analyzed the opinions of each and its correspondence with the recorded historical events of that time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - A Study of the Augmentation of Effectiveness of Teaching Philosophy for Children and Youth on the Happiness of First Grade Middle Girl Students in Tehran
Ma’ideh YusufiThe objective of the present work is tostudy the impact of implementing programof thinking skills upon augmentation ofhappiness of first grade middle girl studentsin Tehran. This research work includes sixtyfirst grade middle girl students in Tehranand are divided casua MoreThe objective of the present work is tostudy the impact of implementing programof thinking skills upon augmentation ofhappiness of first grade middle girl studentsin Tehran. This research work includes sixtyfirst grade middle girl students in Tehranand are divided casually into experimentaland control groups. The instrument forcollecting data is Oxford test of happiness.Meanwhile, pre-test and post-test withcontrol group are used for studying thehypothesis of research work. For theanalysis of data the comparison of marksbefore and after tests have been made,employing the test T Student forindependent groups.A workshop consists of twenty sessions,one session (45 minutes) in a week washeld, using the method of Sharp-Lipman’scommunity of inquiry with reference toPhilip Kamp and Robert Fisher’s intellectualstories. The conclusion of the researchindicates that the implementation ofteaching philosophy for children withcommunity of inquiry is effective in thedevelopment of happiness of children andhas positive impact in its wake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Researching into Equity Based Crowdfunding model for start-ups and micro-enterprises in Iranian economy
Hossein Hasanzadeh sarvestani vahid nekouei Mohammad soleimaniOne of the main challenges for start-ups and micro-enterprises in the Iranian economy is how to finance; Therefore, several attempts have been made to introduce financial tools and institutions to address this challenge. The expansion of electronic and social networks, MoreOne of the main challenges for start-ups and micro-enterprises in the Iranian economy is how to finance; Therefore, several attempts have been made to introduce financial tools and institutions to address this challenge. The expansion of electronic and social networks, as well as the development of the Web2, has facilitated the attraction of micro-capital through public; One of the financing solutions for start-ups and micro-enterprises is to use the equity based crowdfunding model. The present article uses a descriptive-analytical method to investigate the model of equity based crowdfunding to solve the problem of initial financing of start-ups and micro enterprises in the Iranian economy. The purpose of this article is to extract the operational model of equity based crowdfunding and to review the necessary measures to promote this model in the Iranian economy; The results of this study show that the equity based crowdfunding model is more complex than other methods of crowdfunding and due to its important application in supporting start-up businesses as well as the growth and importance of this model to attract public capital, a set of advance Structural needs such as credit rating working group, comprehensive information system and monitoring and evaluation working group should be provided and necessary measures such as formulating appropriate laws and regulations and designing a precise operational process to promote the equity based crowdfunding model in the country should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Designing An Interpretive Structural Model for Sustainable Development of Rural Entrepreneurship (Case study: Golestan Province)
hamid rezaei seyed mehdi khakzadian mahsa zamaniThe aim of this study was to design an interpretive structural model for the sustainable development of rural entrepreneurship in Golestan province. Therefore, this research is based on the purpose of development-applied type and based on the method, descriptive-correla MoreThe aim of this study was to design an interpretive structural model for the sustainable development of rural entrepreneurship in Golestan province. Therefore, this research is based on the purpose of development-applied type and based on the method, descriptive-correlation. For this purpose, in the first step, the elements of the model of sustainable development of rural entrepreneurship were identified from the theoretical literature (by systematic review method) and interviews with experts (content analysis). The output of this step was to identify 29 components in the form of four main dimensions. In the next step, in order to establish the relationship and sequence between the dimensions and present their structural model, the interpretive structural modeling method was used. In this method, based on the opinions of experts and analyzes, the model of sustainable rural entrepreneurship development was calculated. The results indicate that social and environmental dimensions were in the first level and economic and institutional in the second level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Designing a model for promoting tax culture with a combined Delphi and structural-interpretive approach
azam zanganeh roohalla samiee mahmoodreza mostaghimiOne of the most important concerns of the country's tax system is the promotion of tax culture. used. Delphi method was used to screen the components and 26 components were identified in 6 dimensions. Structural-interpretive modeling was used to level the dimensions. Af MoreOne of the most important concerns of the country's tax system is the promotion of tax culture. used. Delphi method was used to screen the components and 26 components were identified in 6 dimensions. Structural-interpretive modeling was used to level the dimensions. After analyzing the data, the dimensions were categorized into four levels and the results showed that the infrastructure for the development of tax culture, firstly (media culture building) and second (taxpayer education) and third (taxpayer awareness - taxpayer confidence building - taxpayer legalism) fourth (Attitudes of taxpayers) are. MICMAC analysis was used for dimension clustering, in which the dimensions (taxpayer education-media culture) are in the independent cluster and the dimensions (taxpayer awareness-taxpayer confidence-taxpayer legalism-taxpayer attitude) are in the dependent cluster. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - A Study of the Idea of Crisis in Husserl’s View and its Background in the 19th Century European Philosophy
Seyyed mas‘ud Seyf Afshin Mo’azzenAt the beginning of the 20th century a vast trend which was unanimously called “the crisis of European science and culture” by its advocates emerged in Europe. Following the same trend, Husserl, one of the distinguished European thinkers of the early 20th century, intro MoreAt the beginning of the 20th century a vast trend which was unanimously called “the crisis of European science and culture” by its advocates emerged in Europe. Following the same trend, Husserl, one of the distinguished European thinkers of the early 20th century, introduced phenomenology as a solution to overcome this full-scale crisis, which, in his view, dominated Europe during the second half of the 19th century. He maintained that this crisis manifested itself in the form of absence of unity and coherence in philosophy and sciences (both natural and human sciences), as well as in the alienation of sciences from people’s everyday life. Husserl argued that the roots and causes of this crisis must be sought in the scientific and philosophical approaches of the 19th century Europe. During this period and after the demise of Hegel, certain schools such as Marxism, biologism, and historical hermeneutics appeared under the influence of Hegelian schools and the idea of historical relativism that they advocated. A common feature of all of them was their interest in relativism. Each of these schools, through negating the possibility of achieving a single and certain truth and also relativising it based on its own principles provided the context for the development of the above-mentioned crisis. After disclosing the nature of crisis in the philosophical principles of the West and through presenting a critical interpretation of Cartesian fundamentalism. Husserl suggested a method called “phenomenological interpretation” in order to have access to a solid and unifying basis for sciences. In spite of the several criticisms targeting this method, it has turned into one of the most fundamental phenomenological elements which has influenced a11 the philosophical schools which were developed after this prominent philosopher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Functions of Reason in the Field of Religion in the Views of Qadi Abd al-Jabbar Mu‘tazili and Abubakr Baqillani
Farzaneh MustafapourThe present paper investigates the functions of reason in the realm of religion in the kalami thoughts of Qadi Abd al-Jabbar Mu‘tazili and Qadi Abubakr Baqillani following a descriptive-analytic method. In doing so, it compares and examines the rational approaches of bo MoreThe present paper investigates the functions of reason in the realm of religion in the kalami thoughts of Qadi Abd al-Jabbar Mu‘tazili and Qadi Abubakr Baqillani following a descriptive-analytic method. In doing so, it compares and examines the rational approaches of both thinkers to the interpretation of the Qur’an and applications of reason in inferring religious principles. The results of this study indicate that what distinguishes these two great figures from each other more than anything else is their approach to reason and the quality of its relationship with revelation. Qadi Abd al-Jabbar believes in the priority of reason and rational arguments and always resorts to reason as a tool for gaining knowledge in his kalami perception of religion. Sometimes, in cases where rational judgment is in contrast to the exoteric meaning of Qur’anic verses and traditions, he even gives the priority to reason with no reservation and firmly interprets or negates the validity of propositions which stand against reason. However, preferring tradition to the intellect and granting priority to the descended texts, including the Qur’an, traditions, and those on the acts of the Prophet’s companions are the most important epistemological principles of Baqillani. However, his philosophical system, in fact, marked the beginning of Ash‘arite kalam’s treatment of rational premises. The Ash‘arite considered rational principles to depend on beliefs and, thus, believed that it was first necessary to have faith in their content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Function of the Intellect in the Realms of Religion and Ethics in Qadi Abduljabbar Mu‘tazili
Farzaneh Mustafapour Hossein Hooshanghi Seyyed Abbas ZahabiThis paper examines the functions of theoretical and practical intellects in the fields of religion and ethics in the view of Qadi Abduljabbar Mu‘tazili. Based on what appears from his views regarding the explanation of ethical propositions, we can refer to three episte MoreThis paper examines the functions of theoretical and practical intellects in the fields of religion and ethics in the view of Qadi Abduljabbar Mu‘tazili. Based on what appears from his views regarding the explanation of ethical propositions, we can refer to three epistemological, motivational, and ontological approaches. The writers have investigated three categories in the field of epistemology: knowledge of fundamental values, goodness and ugliness of acts, and unveiling of ethical principles based on basic propositions; two functions of the intellect in the field of motivation: the origin of human ethical implications and the basis of Man’s responsibility, and the human voluntary and rational choice in the field of ontology. He maintains that the intellect plays an essential and fundamental role in each of them, and that moral principles have been explained based on rational reasoning. Regarding the functions of the intellect in the domain of understanding religion, the writers initially deal with God’s Oneness and Justice in the light of rational reason and, then, relying on religious principles and through granting a central role to the intellect, they interpret some Qur’anic verses. Finally, they try to interpret some cases which are in contrast to the intellect with reference to certain examples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Muslim Philosophers’ Reading of Milesian Pre-Socratic Philosophers
Mansour Nasiri Mahdi AskariEarly philosophers are of particular importance in the history of philosophy. This is because they led the first stages of the development of philosophical concepts and thoughts. Among them, three Milesian philosophers enjoy great significance. The question that they po MoreEarly philosophers are of particular importance in the history of philosophy. This is because they led the first stages of the development of philosophical concepts and thoughts. Among them, three Milesian philosophers enjoy great significance. The question that they posed prompted later philosophers to try hard to provide a worthy response for it. They posed the question of: “What is the origin of the world?” During the period of the translation of philosophical texts into Arabic, Muslim philosophers became familiar with these three thinkers to some extent and quoted and, in some cases, interpreted their ideas. The present paper is intended to introduce Muslim philosophers’ interpretation of the views of Milesian pre-Socratic philosophers and demonstrate how justified they were in their interpretation. A short response to this question is that Muslim philosophers provided a completely non-historical interpretation, which is open to historical criticism. Manuscript profile -
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103 - Philosophers and the Esoteric Interpretation of the Qur’an in Ibn Rushd
Roohallah ‘AlizadehLike other Islamic philosophers, Abulwalid Muhammed Ibn Rushd, the most prominent philosopher of the West of the Islamic world thought about the relationship between religion and philosophy and created some important works in this regard. From among them, we can refer t MoreLike other Islamic philosophers, Abulwalid Muhammed Ibn Rushd, the most prominent philosopher of the West of the Islamic world thought about the relationship between religion and philosophy and created some important works in this regard. From among them, we can refer to Fasl al-maqal, al-kashf ‘an manahij al-adillah fi ‘aqa’id al-malah and Tahafut al-tahafat. In Ibn Rushd’s view, religion and philosophy are in harmony and bear no opposition against each other. In this regard, he argues, “Since Shari‘ah is the truth and invites people to a kind of rational reasoning which is fulfilled by the truth, both are the truth, and the truth is not in contrast to the truth. Rather, both agree with each other and acknowledge each other.” However, saying that philosophy is not in opposition to religion pertains to the innermost of religion and Qur’anic verses because philosophy and rational thinking are sometimes in contrast to the external meaning of religious ideas and verses. Ibn Rushd’s solution for removing such contrasts is to attain the inner meaning of the verses through interpretation. Of course, like Farabi, Ibn Rushd does not believe in the unity of religion and philosophy and merely thinks about their consistency with each other and lack of opposition between them. This is because philosophy and religion have to be independent from each other for the sake of their own safety. Thus we must not mix their related discussions with each other. In the present article, the writers have tackled the problem of the harmony between philosophy and religion from Ibn Rushd’s view in general, and explored his theory of interpretation, in particular. Finally, they argue that one of the most important goals of Ibn Rushd in propounding the discussion of the lack of opposition among religion, philosophy, and interpretation was defending philosophy and giving the right of interpretation to the people of reasoning, who are the same philosophers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - A Study of the Methodological Development of Interpretive Philosophy in Islam from Kindī to Mīr Dāmād
Seyed Mohammad Hosain MirdamadiThis study examines the background of pre-Sadrian Islamic philosophers’ method of interpretive or t’awīlī thinking following a descriptive-analytic method. Interpretive philosophy has been defined in different ways; however, its general feature is going beyond the surfa MoreThis study examines the background of pre-Sadrian Islamic philosophers’ method of interpretive or t’awīlī thinking following a descriptive-analytic method. Interpretive philosophy has been defined in different ways; however, its general feature is going beyond the surface meaning of concepts and employing both reason and revelation in interpreting a text. A glance at the historical development of this method demonstrates its general growth, although with some fluctuations, in the Islamic philosophical tradition. This is because the process of t’awīl is rooted in the move from the separation of religion and philosophy towards their graded unity. A method of thinking that leads to unity indicates intellectual growth in case it is based on sound reasoning because the intellect advocates unity while imagination is pluralist. From a historical perspective, it can be said that philosophers’ interpretive thoughts have gradually moved away from defending the opposition of religion and philosophy to accepting that their truths are inseparable. In the case of the former standpoint, philosophers sometimes followed the exoteric meanings of religion and sometimes took side with the intellect and philosophy. However, later they unanimously concluded that religion and philosophy share the same truth that has been expressed in different languages. Therefore, the important point is to perceive their methods and languages and explain the related constraints. Hence, we are witnessing a process of monopoly and partiality instead of universality and holism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - An Introspective Analysis of Faith in Mulla Sadra’s Interpretation of the Qur’an
Seyyed Muhammed Kazem ‘AlaviAlthough faith constitutes the core of religious discussions, it holds its specific place in interpretive and kalami-philosophical discussions, and different scholars have dealt with it from different perspectives. Mulla Sadra also tackled the central problem of faith i MoreAlthough faith constitutes the core of religious discussions, it holds its specific place in interpretive and kalami-philosophical discussions, and different scholars have dealt with it from different perspectives. Mulla Sadra also tackled the central problem of faith in his interpretation. He founded his philosophical system, the Transcendent Philosophy, based on a thorough examination of various Islamic philosophical trends. However, in his interpretation, he was in a better position to provide a comprehensive view of this topic. The analysis of faith in Mulla Sadra’s interpretation manifests his transcendent approach. Here, the writer explores Mulla Sadra’s methodology in this regard. Given the kalami origin of the problem of faith, Mulla Sadra initially examines various kalami and religious views of this issue based on three kalami features: assent by heart, verbal affirmation, and practical action. From among them, he only sees assent by heart as a factor involved in the nature of faith. At the final stage, he presents a fundamental and transcendent analysis of faith in which he considers it an introspective truth and treats it like other inner affairs. This analysis consists of four parts: In the first one, faith is examined with respect to three areas of knowledge, state, and practice. In the second and third parts, by separating the two “initiation” and “return” processes, he explores the quality of the successive order of these two processes with regard to each other and acknowledges the superiority of the process of return and, as a result, knowledge. At the final stage, he distinguishes “transactive knowledge” from “unveiled knowledge” and considers the acquisition of unveiled knowledge as the main purpose of knowledge seekers. Manuscript profile -
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106 - A Comparison of the Views of ‘Allamah Tabataba’i and Mulla Sadra about Corporeal Resurrection
Mohsen IzadiIn the Islamic philosophical-kalami tradition, corporeal resurrection has always been one of the most complicated problems. In fact, the philosophers and mutikallimun before Mulla Sadra either failed to explain it or provided an irrational explanation for it. Following MoreIn the Islamic philosophical-kalami tradition, corporeal resurrection has always been one of the most complicated problems. In fact, the philosophers and mutikallimun before Mulla Sadra either failed to explain it or provided an irrational explanation for it. Following Mulla Sadra’s presentation of a rational account of corporeal resurrection, which was in conformity with Shar‘ (religious law), most of the philosophers after him agreed with his theory. Nevertheless, some scholars who did not find his interpretation in conformity with Shar‘ expressed their disagreement with his view. Here, ‘Allamah Tabataba’i, as an advocate of the Transcendent Philosophy, has said nothing about the quality of corporeal resurrection explicitly. Accordingly, some consider him an opponent of Sadrian corporeal resurrection, while some others consider him a follower of Mulla Sadra in this regard. A study of ‘Allamah Tabataba’i’s epistemological geometry manifests the truth that he believed in the notion of corporeal resurrection as intended by Mulla Sadra. This is because, firstly, the philosophical, interpretive, and gnostic principles of ‘Allamah Tabataba’i and Mulla Sadra are in agreement with each other. Secondly, ‘Allamah has expressed neither any disagreement with Mulla Sadra’s theory of corporeal resurrection nor any agreement with that of others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Time in the View of Islamic Philosophers and Theologians
Maqsud MohammadiOne of the most important philosophical problems which has been discussed and explored in both physics and theology is time. A few theologians have considered time to be a non-existent entity and an illusion. However, those theologians and philosophers who view time as MoreOne of the most important philosophical problems which has been discussed and explored in both physics and theology is time. A few theologians have considered time to be a non-existent entity and an illusion. However, those theologians and philosophers who view time as an existential entity have presented various theories regarding the way of its existence and its truth. A group of theologians believe that time is an illusory thing, that is, it lacks an objective referent in the outside but has an origin of abstraction. Nevertheless, those who attribute an objective existence to time can be divided into two groups: some consider it to be an immaterial substance, and some others believe that it is a material and corporeal substance. However, the dominant theory holds that time enjoys an objective existence under the category of “quantity”; in other words, it is a “non-static continuous quantity” which is equal to the amount of motion in a sense, and the number of motion in another sense. Time measures the amount of motion over a specific distance. In fact, the relation of time to motion is similar to the relation of mathematical body to physical body. As a mathematical body grants determination to the ambiguous dimensions of a physical body, time also determines the amount of motion. Among all thinkers, Mulla Sadra treats this issue more meticulously and introduces time as the fourth dimension of material existents. This paper analyzes the various views of Muslim philosophers and theologians regarding time. Manuscript profile -
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108 - Impact of Qur’anic Teachings on Suhrawardi’s Illuminationist Philosophy
Qasim Pourhassan Seyyed Mostafa BabaeiObviously, all Islamic philosophers, affiliated with any of the three well-known philosophical schools, have been greatly influenced by Qur’anic teachings in the development of their philosophical thoughts. However, among them, Suhrawardi was the first Islamic philosoph MoreObviously, all Islamic philosophers, affiliated with any of the three well-known philosophical schools, have been greatly influenced by Qur’anic teachings in the development of their philosophical thoughts. However, among them, Suhrawardi was the first Islamic philosopher who benefitted extensively from the Holy Qur’an in the development of his Illuminationist philosophy. His use of this heavenly Book is different from that of others both quantitatively and qualitatively (in terms of interpretation). He based many of his ideas, arguments, and judgments on the teachings of the Qur’an. Here, the authors have tried to briefly explain the impact of Qur’anic teachings on Suhrawardi’s Illuminationist philosophy with regard to the four categories of luminous wisdom, light of all lights, intellects, and the soul. This is because a detailed discussion of this topic demands sufficient time and extensive knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Mullā Ṣadrā and the Critical Methodology of the Exoteric Understanding of Religion
Somayeh Malleki Mahdi Emami Jomee Nafiseh Ahl SarmadiExoteric and superficial interpretations of religion have always existed in the social history of religions, and some of them have given rise to a number of uncompromising and takfīrī trends. This has resulted in the portrayal of a coarse, cruel, and dogmatic face for r MoreExoteric and superficial interpretations of religion have always existed in the social history of religions, and some of them have given rise to a number of uncompromising and takfīrī trends. This has resulted in the portrayal of a coarse, cruel, and dogmatic face for religion. The criticism of such exoteric interpretations was one of the essential components of Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophy. He devoted at least two of his works, Kasr al-aṣnām al-jāhiliyyah and Sih asl treatise, completely to this theme. This critical approach in Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophy has various dimensions, which have not received the attention that they truly deserve. Therefore, following descriptive and content/document analysis methods, this study aims to present and examine such dimensions. These dimensions include linguistic, rational, and psychological elements in understanding religion. An overall study of the mentioned elements indicates that exoterism may result in the rise of religious dogmatism, flaring up of raging arguments, emergence of mundane and pseudo-scholars instead of true scholars, and development of the culture of hypocrisy and discord. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - A Study of the Attribution of the Theory of Perpetual Createdness to Jalāl al-Dīn Dawānī
Hossein Najafi Hamed Naji EsfahaniThe belief in the createdness of the world is the essence of a proposition which, after believing in the One God, is the most significant of all divine beliefs. Mīr Dāmād’s particular view in this regard entails the demonstration of a real commencement and trans-tempora MoreThe belief in the createdness of the world is the essence of a proposition which, after believing in the One God, is the most significant of all divine beliefs. Mīr Dāmād’s particular view in this regard entails the demonstration of a real commencement and trans-temporal origination for the world of being. Through referring to the failure of his preceding philosophers regarding the rational explanation of the problem of the appearance of the world, Mīr Dāmād maintains that the content of the modified version of the theory of “perpetual createdness” (ḥudūth dahrī) is among his innovations and the most important fruit of Yamani wisdom. On the other hand, Mullā Moḥammad Ismā‘īl Khwajūī in his treatise of Ibṭāl al-zamān al-mawhūm attributes this theory to Jalāl al-Dīn Dawānī, matches his view with the theory of perpetual createdness and, in this way, implies that Mīr Dāmād adopted this theory from Dawānī’s works. The present study examines Khwajūī’s claim through investigating a number of metaphysical analyses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - The Role of Mullā Ṣadrā’s Philosophical Thought in Understanding Religious Texts
Seyyed Hossein AzimidokhtThis study aims to explore Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophical thoughts, portray the salient features of his philosophy, and demonstrate the influence of philosophical thought on his understanding and interpretation of religious texts. Using a descriptive-analytic method, the a MoreThis study aims to explore Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophical thoughts, portray the salient features of his philosophy, and demonstrate the influence of philosophical thought on his understanding and interpretation of religious texts. Using a descriptive-analytic method, the author describes some of the elements of Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophy in the fields of theology, cosmology, and anthropology and, in this way, tries to explain his hermeneutic principles in the perception of religious texts. Next, he presents some of his interpretations of such texts in order to reveal the influence of Sadrian philosophical trend and hermeneutic principles in understanding religious texts. Given his prominent role in the development of Shī‘ī philosophy and wisdom, it seems necessary to deliberate over his philosophical theories and works and examine his methods and principles of interpretation in the field of Sadrian studies. The findings of this study indicate that Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophical thought, in general, and his philosophical views, in particular, as well as his hermeneutic principles, which originate in the Transcendent Philosophy, and utilizing certain concepts in explaining philosophical problems distinguish him from other thinkers in the presentation and analysis of religious categories. Finally, the author concludes that benefitting from philosophical and metaphysical categories and theories, while being harmful in certain respects, could result in having a different understanding of religious texts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - A Comparative Study of the Views of Mullā Ṣadrā and ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī Regarding Ambiguous Verses in the Qur’an
Davood SaemiAccording to Mullā Ṣadrā and ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī, Qur’anic verses enjoy both exoteric and esoteric meanings. When dealing with ambiguous verses, one must focus on their exoteric meanings and not to ignore them. In the view of both philosophers, the understanding of ambi MoreAccording to Mullā Ṣadrā and ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī, Qur’anic verses enjoy both exoteric and esoteric meanings. When dealing with ambiguous verses, one must focus on their exoteric meanings and not to ignore them. In the view of both philosophers, the understanding of ambiguous or metaphorical verses is relative and depends on individuals’ virtues and level of knowledge. They believe that knowledgeable people know the different meanings of ambiguous verses and, in fact, do not see any ambiguity there. However, based on the theory of specific oneness, Mullā Ṣadrā contends that all levels of being, from the highest to the lowest, enjoy existential hierarchy. Therefore, he maintains that, without needing to interpret ambiguous verses or the idea of incarnation regarding the essence of the Almighty, one can maintain the exoteric meaning of the verses based on the philosophical-gnostic principles of the specific oneness of being and interpret the meanings of ambiguous verses based on their surface meanings. In this way, the word “ambiguous” is semantically expanded. Nevertheless, ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī believes in referring ambiguities to clear definitions and interprets ambiguous verses based on clear ones. He acknowledges the possibility of interpretation of all Qur’anic verses, whether ambiguous and straight forward, and states that all ambiguous verses can be clarified by referring to unambiguous ones. In this study, the author sides with Mullā Ṣadrā’s view in comparison to ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī’s because he finds it of a more solid and principled basis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Assess and prioritize strategie formulation factors affecting small and medium enterprise to improve knowledge base by using ANP (Case Study: Isfahan Science and Technology Town)
عبداله احمدی جشوقانی غلامرضا اسماعیلیانIn the turbulent economic environment of the country and taken financial sanctions against the country, the knowledge base economy is one of the solutions out of the downturn and economic growth. Knowledge Based Economy, a new economy where knowledge is the main source MoreIn the turbulent economic environment of the country and taken financial sanctions against the country, the knowledge base economy is one of the solutions out of the downturn and economic growth. Knowledge Based Economy, a new economy where knowledge is the main source of growth and wealth creation. The main driver of Knowledge Based Economy, companies are knowledge base. Knowledge based companies and institutions, corporation institutions in order to synergy of science and wealth, knowledge-based economic development, scientific and economic goals (including the development and application of Invention and Innovation) and the commercialization of research and development (including design and production of goods and services) in the field of high technology and high added value, especially in the production of software is formed. The companies requires for the life and success selected careful planning and appropriate strategies. In this paper, based on previous studies, to evaluate the factors in fluencing the selection of an appropriate strategy to develop the knowledge base of its strategy. The aim of this study was to develop and select right strategy for the success of the Company. Similar studies evaluating external and internal factors such as the management of marketing and sales, finance, human resources, research and development was accomplished by using network analysis (ANP) with Super Decisions software and to prioritize them was discussed. The marketing and sales agent has been through more then anthers prioritize. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Agility conceptual model of service provider enterprises supply chain By using fuzzy conceptual modeling
Roxana Fekri مهدی احمدی Marzieh BabaeianpoorMany enterprises Nowadays, face with big competing and risk in the market which is the result of innovation in technology and continuous changes of customer needs. In such circumstances, getting direction to agile structure is the fastest way to adapt.Absolutely service MoreMany enterprises Nowadays, face with big competing and risk in the market which is the result of innovation in technology and continuous changes of customer needs. In such circumstances, getting direction to agile structure is the fastest way to adapt.Absolutely service provider enterprises are not exception.To identify the model of agility in service provider enterprises, a literature review is done and the result is verified by the experts. Critical success factors of agility in service provider enterprises are identified using exploratory factor analysis in 11 main groups: integrating supply chain components, upgrading quality and flexible services, responsig and sensitiveness to market, customer based design and development of servives, human skills and customer satisfaction development, innovative strategy and solving strategic problems, developing services, dynamic and flexible planning, concerning market and organization financial situation, using IT infrastructure, updating competitors and suppliers data. Using thses factors, managers of these enterprises are able to increase responsibility and market share. Finally critical success factors of agility in service provider enterprises and the relation between them is derived by using fuzzy conceptual mapping. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Assessment Model for Implementing a Lean Transformation in Enterprise Based on the Fuzzy Anp, Fuzzy Dematel and Fuzzy Vikor
Kazem Nasiri Kashani محمود مدیری gholamreza hashemzade khoraseganiA lot of methodologies for evaluation of the lean transformation have been proposed in the literature, but just a few of them explicit relations among the components of the lean enterprise transformation, with focusing on the priority and identification of the relative MoreA lot of methodologies for evaluation of the lean transformation have been proposed in the literature, but just a few of them explicit relations among the components of the lean enterprise transformation, with focusing on the priority and identification of the relative weight of each element on the lean transformation have been considered. Therefore, we try to quantify those relations in this study. So, to structural investigate the relationships among the elements, a model is proposed that presents a novel comprehensive insight to the lean transformation process. This study proposed an analytic modeling approach in the lean enterprise transformation to identify the weights of the elements. The goal is to operationalize the highly qualitative relationships among the lean transformation components. In this paper 32 effective factors in lean enterprise transformation, identified as "sub sub criterion" were grouped into eight categories classified as "sub criterion". These eight sub criteria classified through 3 criteria in the higher level which are “organizational asset development”, “quick adaptation to markets and competitive superiority acquisition” and “supply and distribution network optimization These three criteria were proposed as the major criteria involved in "delivery value maximizing", and ultimately, the value maximizing recognized as the main target of the lean transformation in companies. Fuzzy DEMATEL technique and fuzzy analytic network process modeling are used to determine the relationships and the relative weights of each component and then with fuzzy VIKOR method, 25 identified solutions related to conceptual model were ranked for implementing the lean transformation which regard the organizational purposes and the weights of the end level parameters of the conceptual model in a proposal framework. The present evaluating lean enterprise transformation is a comprehensive model that can be applied to different production industries. This model also was investigated in automative parts industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Assessment Model for Implementing a Lean Transformation in Enterprise Based on the Fuzzy Anp, Fuzzy Dematel and Fuzzy Vikor
Kazem Nasiri Kashani محمود مدیری gholamreza hashemzade khoraseganiA lot of methodologies for evaluation of the lean transformation have been proposed in the literature, but just a few of them explicit relations among the components of the lean enterprise transformation, with focusing on the priority and identification of the relative MoreA lot of methodologies for evaluation of the lean transformation have been proposed in the literature, but just a few of them explicit relations among the components of the lean enterprise transformation, with focusing on the priority and identification of the relative weight of each element on the lean transformation have been considered. Therefore, we try to quantify those relations in this study. So, to structural investigate the relationships among the elements, a model is proposed that presents a novel comprehensive insight to the lean transformation process. This study proposed an analytic modeling approach in the lean enterprise transformation to identify the weights of the elements. The goal is to operationalize the highly qualitative relationships among the lean transformation components. In this paper 32 effective factors in lean enterprise transformation, identified as "sub sub criterion" were grouped into eight categories classified as "sub criterion". These eight sub criteria classified through 3 criteria in the higher level which are “organizational asset development”, “quick adaptation to markets and competitive superiority acquisition” and “supply and distribution network optimization These three criteria were proposed as the major criteria involved in "delivery value maximizing", and ultimately, the value maximizing recognized as the main target of the lean transformation in companies. Fuzzy DEMATEL technique and fuzzy analytic network process modeling are used to determine the relationships and the relative weights of each component and then with fuzzy VIKOR method, 25 identified solutions related to conceptual model were ranked for implementing the lean transformation which regard the organizational purposes and the weights of the end level parameters of the conceptual model in a proposal framework. The present evaluating lean enterprise transformation is a comprehensive model that can be applied to different production industries. This model also was investigated in automative parts industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - An Investigation of Knowledge Management capability success factors in small Technology based enterprises in Technology Incubators
مصطفی کاظمی Gholamreza MalekzadehSuccess Factors in Knowledge Management (KM) capability in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have less been systematically investigated. Existing studies have derived their CSFs from large companies' perspectives and have not considered the needs of small businesses. MoreSuccess Factors in Knowledge Management (KM) capability in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have less been systematically investigated. Existing studies have derived their CSFs from large companies' perspectives and have not considered the needs of small businesses. In this article, existing studies on Knowledge Management capability success factors were reviewed and their limitations were identified. By integrating insights drawn from these studies, the authors proposed a set of 11 CSFs which is believed to be more suitable for SMEs. An empirical assessment was conducted to evaluate the extent of success of proposed propositions using experts’ opinions. The overall results from the empirical assessment were positive, thus reflecting the appropriateness of the proposed success factors. The set of success factors can act as a list of items for SMEs to address when adopting KM. However it can provide a common language for managers to discuss and study the factors crucial for the success of KM in SMEs. The results show that adequate and suitable leadership and management supports, use of Information Technology, bussiness strategies, motivation, resource availability, personnel education, human resource management, performance assessment measures, infrastructures and Knowledge Management processes can increase Knowledge Management capability in small firms. Organization culture, Leadership and management and leader supports and Information Technology were the most important factors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Sustainable value creation framework on stakeholder management(case study: native operating system of Iran)
Fatemeh Saghafi کلثوم عباسی شاهکوه احسان کشتگاریValue creation is the most important aspect of stakeholder management. This activity is garanteed the continuoes of open source software life cycle based on business process reengineering and innovation based on stakeholder requirements. Stakeholders have varied inte MoreValue creation is the most important aspect of stakeholder management. This activity is garanteed the continuoes of open source software life cycle based on business process reengineering and innovation based on stakeholder requirements. Stakeholders have varied interests and different goals and they are looking to capture the full benefits and eliminate their risks. So, constantly, they are in competition. In order to take appropriate policies for stakeholder,identification of their position and requirements is needed . Various models have been presented to identify stakeholder from different aspect. In this paper, it is tried to study different models and extract all main criteria for stakeholder. Then according to expert's ideas, important factors was identified and the framework for stakeholder identification was proposed. Also, with study of resource in software industry field and using questionnaire , stakeholder of native operating system was identified and classified based on proposed framework . Finally, some appropriate strategies for stakeholder management are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Designing an agile organization performance measurement model: aninterpretive structural modeling approach(ISM)
روح الله رازینی عادل آذر مهدی محمدیWith the beginning of twenty-first century manufacturing organizations have experienced radical and strong changes. So they have moved to the new challenges.Organizations and enterprises to respond to these new challenges, chose a new production approach called agility. MoreWith the beginning of twenty-first century manufacturing organizations have experienced radical and strong changes. So they have moved to the new challenges.Organizations and enterprises to respond to these new challenges, chose a new production approach called agility.The requirements of this approach have affected on how to measure the performance of these organizations. In this research, using a literature review and extraction of performance measures from common and famous performance measurement models and also measures affecting performance measurement of agile organizations, first classify criteria using cognitive mapping methodology. Then, using the interpretive structural modeling for creating a model for performance measurement system of agile organizations. The results of the survay are derived in a model consist of 11 criteria and 8 level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - The model of technological knowledge role in enterpreneurial opportunity recognition and exploitation
Hossein Abolhassani Ali Davari Farhad SanjarifardIn order to recognize and exploit opportunities successfully, enterpreneurs should understand techological environment, recognize driven forces and critical factors and understand the dynamic and real relationship among these factors. In this research which is an explor MoreIn order to recognize and exploit opportunities successfully, enterpreneurs should understand techological environment, recognize driven forces and critical factors and understand the dynamic and real relationship among these factors. In this research which is an exploratory one, based on opportunity recognition litratures, new conceptual model of the influence of techological knowledge on innovation and opportunity recognition and exploitation process is introduced and examined. This model is developed based on other researches findings, evaluated based on industries experts as well as academic professionals and then examined using data collected from food industries companies. The results of analysis which is done using SPSS & PLS confirmed the justifiability of the model. This model can help the governmental authorities and industry stakeholders as well as researchers to develop new knowledge oriented guidelines within entrepreneurial activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Presentation of interpretive structural model for claim management in the construction projects
seyed abolfazl mousavi morteza bagherpourClaim management is one of the most important and challenging issue in projects in the world, and many of stakeholders of projects belive that the claims are one of the most destroyer in constraction industry. Growth of claims in construction projects has an inverse co MoreClaim management is one of the most important and challenging issue in projects in the world, and many of stakeholders of projects belive that the claims are one of the most destroyer in constraction industry. Growth of claims in construction projects has an inverse correlation with triangular goals of project management (time, cost and quality), so increasing claims cause extension of time and cost and decrease in project quality. Claims are natural trait in construction industry. However we can’t remove contingency of this claims but we can, by identify main causes of claims and relation between them, prevent from contingency them in future projects.In this research, research data have been collected by literature review studies and interview with expert was conducted to identify the 34 causes of claims in construction projects.Then these causes by questionnaire in cluding frequency and intensity of impactwere distributed among experts.Then according to the result of this questionnairesthe most important causes of claim in construction projects are determined that they are contained 10 causes.a model for relationship between causes of claim in construction projects has designed byInterpretive structural modeling.At the end some suggestions has been presented to prevent the claim or to manage them. These corrective solutions have been presented base on model in 4 stage in procedure of project. research results show that between claims causes, these causes: selecting contractor on base low price without notice to qualification and technical ability, ambiguities in contract documents and clauses, unexpected change in exchange and interest and low price of contract due to high competition, have a significant effect and impressment on other causes, so they play important roles in preventing or decreasing claims. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Identifying and evaluation the effective factor on successfully implementation of ERP in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises with emphasis on the life cycle of this system (Case Study: Enterprises located in the industrial town of Rasht Sefidroud)
Marzieh BabaeianpoorERP system implementation can affect all the functions of the areas in organization and lead to increased efficiency and total productivity in the organization. But usually the organizations face with important problems and barriers such as restrictions on capital, reso MoreERP system implementation can affect all the functions of the areas in organization and lead to increased efficiency and total productivity in the organization. But usually the organizations face with important problems and barriers such as restrictions on capital, resources, poor management and so on during the process of ERP implementation. One of the priorities of economic development in many of the developed countries is small and medium firms. What is important in these companies is ERP system implementation, so in this research we provide a model for successful ERP implementation by using its critical success factors in ERP life cycle. Therefore, study population in this research is small and medium companies based in the industrial city of Rasht Sefidrud taken into account that the number of respondents included 166 patients and for analysing the results by using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results obtained confirm the factors to company's strategy (transparent goals), accuracy of information and knowledge management, organizational structure (organizational readiness), experience, knowledge and expertise of the members of the project team and the support and participation of senior managers in step pre implementation, and approve all contributing factors is in during ERP implementation. As well as factors of change management, system acceptance / resistance ERP, collaboration and communication between departments, participation of stakeholders (end users, shareholders, etc.) and the Steering Committee also approved sample was in ERP post implementation step. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Identification and analysis of the affecting factors on the success of technology road mapping by using interpretive structural modeling technique
Afsaneh Ahmadi Seyed Sepehr Ghazinoory Fatemeh SaghafiWith increasing cost, complexity and speed of technological changes and global competition, to ensure that technological investment is consistent and aligned to present and future needs of the organization, industry and country has become the most important challenges f MoreWith increasing cost, complexity and speed of technological changes and global competition, to ensure that technological investment is consistent and aligned to present and future needs of the organization, industry and country has become the most important challenges for policy makers and managers. So, technology management and innovation through a structured and flexible approach such as TRM is necessary. However Road mapping projects implementation and use of its advantages is impossible without identifying and prioritizing of success factors of technology road mapping. The aim of this work is using interpretive structural modeling technique to analyze the affecting factors on the success of technology road mapping. This helps improving technology road mapping process and identifying appropriate organizational policies. For this purpose, we firstly focus on literature review to extraction of technology road mapping success factors. Then, interpretive structural modeling technique is used for revealing the relation between those factors. For data gathering, 17 questionnaires are distributed among people with executive background or related working experience. The results show that the effective factors were classified in four levels. the most influencing factors are related to "commitment and support of management", "financial support" and "access to data, information and required knowledge", " appropriate participation of people ", "proper facilator" and " Accepting roadmapping ". The most influenced factors are "quality of roadmap" and "flexibility for reasonable changes by updating of roadmap"'. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Developing an export nation brand identity model for Iran
Davood Feiz SeydMohammad Mirmohammadi محمد مهدی ایزدخواهBrnading is the process involved in creating a unique name and image for a product in the people's mind, mainly through advertising campaigns and other methods with a consistent theme. Today, branding is drawn from a range of products to area sites and places such as ci MoreBrnading is the process involved in creating a unique name and image for a product in the people's mind, mainly through advertising campaigns and other methods with a consistent theme. Today, branding is drawn from a range of products to area sites and places such as cities and countries. A kind of branding that is about countries has been called nation branding. Nation branding aims to measure, build and manage the reputation of countries. Anholt believes that nation branding has six aspects: Export, Tourism, Investment and Immigration, Culture and Heritage, People and Governance. This paper will focus on aspet of export and wants to developing an export nation brand identity model for Iran. In order to extract the concepts of this model the grounded theory has been used. Then, to drawing the model, ISM has been used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Enterprise Architecture Maturity Assessment Model in an Iranian Bank
masoud asgarimehr Kamran Feizi Ali Khatami Firoozabadi Seyyed Habib Allah TabatabaiyanEnterprise architecture is considered as one of the effective ways of aligning information technology with business. In order to use the benefits of Enterprise architecture, the growing trend of its implementation in the organization should be considered. For this purpo MoreEnterprise architecture is considered as one of the effective ways of aligning information technology with business. In order to use the benefits of Enterprise architecture, the growing trend of its implementation in the organization should be considered. For this purpose, it is necessary to use control and evaluation tools. Enterprise architecture maturity assessment, as one of the effective methods of managing enterprise architecture process, is very important. The goal of maturity assessment is to determine the current status of the organization and to draw a clear picture of the future growth path of the organization. Today, the importance of maturity assessment in various organizational areas is becoming increasingly evident. However, in this area, in the field of financial and banking institutions, due to the complexity of the architecture of information technology and organizational architecture in these institutions, no significant activities were undertaken. Therefore, the present study aims to provide a new and customized model, in order to measure the maturity level of enterprise architecture, in one of the largest banks in Iran. For this purpose, after the extraction of the subject literature, the study and observation of the target bank have been dealt with. The descriptive approach and the structural equations have been developed and then the conceptual model has been extracted. The model includes 3 dimensions, 23 variables and 75 indicators Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Critical Success Factors Analyses in Sustainable Supply Chain Implementation with ISM Approach (Case Study: Automotive Industry)
In recently years, the importance of environmental and social performances of industries beside their economic performance resulted in formation of a new concept and approach that is named sustainability. In today’s competitive world, different industries to achieve a c MoreIn recently years, the importance of environmental and social performances of industries beside their economic performance resulted in formation of a new concept and approach that is named sustainability. In today’s competitive world, different industries to achieve a competitive advantage and maintain their survival, needs to move towards achieving sustainability approach. The main problem is that, the implementation of this approach is simply not possible, and there are several barriers in this way. To deal with this, need to identify and understand the critical success factors. This study aimed to identify and analysis the critical success factors in implementation of sustainable supply chain management in the automotive industry. This paper proposes an interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach to develop a structural model for evaluating the influential factors among recognized factors. After literature review, the 16 factors based on experts opinions have been selected. In presented research results, the factor of “top management commitment and support” is identified as the most effective and the factor of “Knowledge of competitive advantage” is identified as the most dependent critical success factor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Implementation of Structural-Interpretative Modeling Approach in Designing the Performance Management Process Model for Knowledge Workers in the Knowledge-Based Companies
mohamadmehdi bigdeli mehdi hamzhepoorToday, the role of knowledge-based companies has grown as one of the key pillars of the resistance economy. Considering the importance of the ability, expertise, and skills of these companies, consideration of the mental, emotional, and interactive characteristics of th MoreToday, the role of knowledge-based companies has grown as one of the key pillars of the resistance economy. Considering the importance of the ability, expertise, and skills of these companies, consideration of the mental, emotional, and interactive characteristics of the company is an essential precondition for the realization of the goals in the knowledge-based companies. The higher the degree of affiliation of the company to the knowledge workers, the more meaningful the concept of performance management will be. However, so far, in the field of knowledge workers' performance, it has been evaluating the performance of these categories of employees. The prevailing characteristics of performance evaluation systems can be seen as the tangent, downside, downside and low level of integrity and effectiveness of the entire system. The research is composed of two stages. With a library study and a review of the research background, an eight-stage performance management model process was extracted. In the first step, after interviewing 16 experts , using the qualitative method of the analysis, the dimensions (stages) of the performance management process of knowledge workers were analyzed. In the second step, the research was conducted using the Structural-Interpretative Modeling (ISM) approach and the use of expert judgment to design a model for the performance management process of knowledge workers in knowledgeable Based companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Designing and the Explanation of the Innovation Model in Production of the Food Products through a Study in the JAMM and ROZE TALAEE Food Products Industries Group
Ramezan Gholami AvatiNowadays, everything is changing and transforming, and the competitors are seeking for increasing in their own market share through reaching to the competitive advantage. The considering of the innovation, as one of the alternatives for increasing in competitive advanta MoreNowadays, everything is changing and transforming, and the competitors are seeking for increasing in their own market share through reaching to the competitive advantage. The considering of the innovation, as one of the alternatives for increasing in competitive advantage within commercial dynamic environments and contexts, is an essential matter. On the other hand, there are various factors which are influential on the innovation. These factors, therefore, must be studied. Indeed, the purpose of the present research is designing and explanation of the innovation model in the production of food products. The methodology of the present study, in term of purpose, is an applied one, and in term of nature and method, is a descriptive-analytical study. Statistical population of the study includes the experts and managers of the JAMM and ROZE TALAEE Production and Packaging Industries Group. In the present research, after reviewing the literature, influential factors on the innovation process recognized and organized in three dimensions (behavioral factors, structural factors, and environmental factors). Research dada have been gathered and analyzed by using the questionnaire and Fuzzy Delphi Techniques and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). The results of ranking of the research variables using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) test, after identification of the main variables, showed that the innovation performance, commerce, productivity, research and development (R&D), and venturing on the knowledge components as the most impressionable variables ranked in the upmost level, and the world economic streams and innovation policies components as the most influential variables ranked in the lowest level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Development of a framework for implementation of World-class Maintenance Systems using Interpretive Structural Modeling approach ( ISM )
Mohammad Hussein Karimi gavareshki Jafar Gheidar- kheljaniConsidering worldwide development of Maintenance Management models, it is essential for organizations to pay attention to environmental differences among various organizations in order to achieve success and make their required model compatible with specific circumstanc MoreConsidering worldwide development of Maintenance Management models, it is essential for organizations to pay attention to environmental differences among various organizations in order to achieve success and make their required model compatible with specific circumstances of their own organization. In the following research, developing one executive model of maintenance management has occurred applying ISM interpretational structuring theory. In order to achieve this; firstly, the components that have composed maintenance management model have been revealed applying prior studies and interviews. The conclusion of this stage is identifying 56 sub-component and 14 component in the form of 6 essential components. In the next stage, in order to create communication and sequence between the components and constituents, interpretational structuring model has been applied. In the mentioned procedure, the structure of maintenance management has been extracted based on reporters' ideas and performed analysis. The results indicate that six basic components (leadership, foundation, methodologies and foundations, support, improvement and Excellency) constitute fundamental basis of every maintenance management in every organization and other components and sub-components being researched are initiated from these six components and eventually, they would lead to improvement and Excellency of the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Designing a Conceptual Model of Lean Leadership Based on Comprehensive Approaches to the Essence of Lean Concept
مرجان اعتمادی mir ali seyed naghavi Jahaniar Bamdad Soufi mehdi hamzhepoorLeadership is one of the most complex issues, the most unknown and most effective conceptual components in the management of modern organizations. The role of leadership in the efficiency of the organization should be seen in the root differences of leadership practices MoreLeadership is one of the most complex issues, the most unknown and most effective conceptual components in the management of modern organizations. The role of leadership in the efficiency of the organization should be seen in the root differences of leadership practices. In recent years, the pure leadership has been considered by many researchers as the most important factor in achieving organizational goals. This research is aimed at developing theoretical foundations, designing a conceptual model of pure leadership and presenting and analyzing the Interpretive structural model model of communication, influence power and dependence of identified variables from library studies and applying the mental model of experts related to leadership issues. To this end, eight key variables related to the research topic were finally identified. A structural matrix questionnaire was designed to determine the interstitial relationship between these variables. The results of this questionnaire were analyzed using a Interpretive structural modeling approach and then plotted on six levels and in an interactive network. Findings from the research process showed that the variable of philosophy, authenticity and pure culture is considered as the most influential variable, and the variables of pure production and pure services are the most dependent variables with the least power of influence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Promoting Brand Personality Based on Effective Variables on Brand
saeed mir ali rashidpoorThe current study was conducted to introduce promoting brand personality based on effective variables on the brand using ISM approach. This study is on the basis of the mixed method research, both qualitative and quantitative, in a deductive-inductive paradigm. Regardin MoreThe current study was conducted to introduce promoting brand personality based on effective variables on the brand using ISM approach. This study is on the basis of the mixed method research, both qualitative and quantitative, in a deductive-inductive paradigm. Regarding its purpose, this is a practical and a descriptive-survey research in nature and procedure. Statistical population of the current study in qualitative and quantitative was 15 people selected from experts at the university who were investigated based on purposive sampling method. Also, they were asked questions to obtain as much information as required. In qualitative section of this research, data-collection instrument of the text information is based on content analysis technique. The instrument of data collection in quantitative section was the ISM Matrix Questionnaire which its validity and reliability was measured using content validity and retesting. In qualitative section, the acquired data were analyzed using content analysis technique and MATLAB Software was used for analysis of data in quantitative section. The results of the study consist of introducing eight effective aspects in promoting brand personality which is introduced as the final model of the research. These aspects are: brand personality, brand performance, marketing mix, brand design, technology and social networks, customer, culture and social responsibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Designing an Organizational Maturity Measurement System for Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), Case Study: Video Game Companies
amin aalipour Alireza AliahmadiThe purpose of this research is to design a system for measuring corporate maturity for Video game companies . Designing this measurement system requires identifying key indicators of success in Video game companies. For this purpose, after reviewing various models, exp MoreThe purpose of this research is to design a system for measuring corporate maturity for Video game companies . Designing this measurement system requires identifying key indicators of success in Video game companies. For this purpose, after reviewing various models, experts approved identified key indicators. In the following, the suggested indicators of the experts were added to the original model, Based on the final hierarchical model that has 4 main indicators and 31 components, a questionnaire was designed. The statistical population of this research is all managers and specialists of digital gaming industry in Iran. In this research, 70 people were selected using purposeful sampling method, and the return rate of the questionnaire was 45. In this study, the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) has been used to , the capability maturity model (CMM) was used to rate organization maturity. Based on the Organizational Maturity Measurement of video game companies The indicator of management and technology infrastructure is at the managed level, and there are indicators of game development, capabilities, and usability of the game and business performance at the defined level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Design of online shopping improvement pattern by using ISM model
Amene Kiarazm Lotfolah Forozandeh Dehkordi Mohammad Mahmoudi Maymand mirza hasan hosseiniThis study is done to identify affecting factors on the improvement of online shopping with respect to the customer decision-making process. For this purpose, the literature review were used and then using interpretive structural modeling for defining relationships betw MoreThis study is done to identify affecting factors on the improvement of online shopping with respect to the customer decision-making process. For this purpose, the literature review were used and then using interpretive structural modeling for defining relationships between affecting factors on the improvement of online shopping. To define these relationships, 16 expert opinions on management and information technology were taken. The results show that the model includes seven factors: Channel Quality, Website Quality, Product Features, Advertising, Transaction Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Online Shopping Improvement. Website Quality, Product Features, Transaction Quality have a fundamental role because of high driving power and low dependency. After that, Channel Quality, Advertising, and Customer Satisfaction are at the center of attention. Finally, the goal variable of study - improve online shopping- is placed the third level because of having lowest driving power and highest dependency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - An Analysis of the Role of Organizational Culture in Developing Entrepreneurial Behavior in Small and Medium enterprise
seyed mohammad mosavi jad haydar mohammadi Arman AhmadizadHaving entrepreneurial spirit and behavior for small and medium enterprises is essential and inevitable, in order to adapt to environmental conditions and changes. This behavior must be institutionalized within the heart of that organization's culture. This research is MoreHaving entrepreneurial spirit and behavior for small and medium enterprises is essential and inevitable, in order to adapt to environmental conditions and changes. This behavior must be institutionalized within the heart of that organization's culture. This research is an applied and descriptive correlation study. The statistical population of this study is small and medium enterprise managers in Sanandaj, with the names of small and medium enterprises with 120 companies being announced by Sanandaj industrial partners. Based on the number of companies and the use of the Morgan table, 92 of the owners of these small and medium enterprise were randomly selected. In this study, the questionnaire was used to collect information. After completing the questionnaires, the collected data were analyzed using SPSS software in two descriptive and inferential fields. The results show that organizational culture is related to entrepreneurial behaviors. However, managers of these businesses gave the most value to the fundamental values among the dimensions of organizational culture and also aimed at reversing the relationship with entrepreneurial behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Designing Sustainability Comprehensive Framework for Banking: Using Meta Synthesis and Structural Modeling Interpretation
Emad Nobahar Mahmoud Dehghan Nayeri Adel Azar Ali RajabZadeh ghatariToday, bank Businesses are pressured by their stakeholders to address sustainability issues in their activities. Consequently, attention to sustainability and social responsibility in the banking business is increasing day by day. Accordingly, the main purpose of this s MoreToday, bank Businesses are pressured by their stakeholders to address sustainability issues in their activities. Consequently, attention to sustainability and social responsibility in the banking business is increasing day by day. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to provide a framework for sustainability in bank Business. To this end, by using the Meta-synthesis approach, the 268 open codes related to sustainability in the banking industry were extracted from related articles and related studies and these open codes formed 59 axial codes. Then, these axial codes were categorized based on similarities in concepts to 10 themes of economic partnership, financial factors, energy use, environmental action, community participation, development of human resources, customer relationship, products and services, human rights issue , and governance. In the following, they were categorized into four including economic, social, and environmental and governance sustainability. Moreover, ISM structured the relationships between the themes while leveling them in a structural model based on the experts’ interprets. According to the results, the theme of human rights is at the lowest level and considered as the basis for bank sustainability. In addition, human rights, human resources, products and services, and customer relationship themes were placed in the independent area of the MICMAC chart that shows the key role and influence of these factors on other factors in the sustainability of bank business. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Analysis of the relation of investment criteria in the development of technology based on plan, project and portfolio Using ISM and DEMATEL
mohamadali afsharkazemi hamed soufiToday, technology development success is a multi-dimensional concept that is linked to the dynamics and complexity of the environment. Hence, identifying fundamental performance indicators for investing in technology development is important. The purpose of this study i MoreToday, technology development success is a multi-dimensional concept that is linked to the dynamics and complexity of the environment. Hence, identifying fundamental performance indicators for investing in technology development is important. The purpose of this study is to achieve quantitative and qualitative analysis of key indicators together in the correct decision-making path for investment in technology development. In this research, the criteria for success with the new approach in terms of plan, project and portfolio differences are identified, categorized and their significance is measured by a questionnaire. In the following, the relationships between the criteria with two qualitative and quantitative approaches were determined and analyzed using interpretive structural modeling and DEMATEL technique using the opinions of industrial and academic experts in two separate groups. By comparing the results of the two groups, the difference Opinions in the judgments of academic and industrial experts are characterized by two quantitative and qualitative approaches. Achieving an analytical qualitative model of how the indicators interact, as well as determining the magnitude of the impact intensity and impact and the importance of each of them based on the level of interactions, the academic and industrial viewpoints, and the determination of the suitability of the judgments of the two groups, one of the research achievements. Correct analysis based on qualitative and quantitative results of research can be a basis for decision makers to develop different scenarios in the direction of making investments Successful in the field of technology development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Identification and analysis of the service capabilities in Iran’s small enterprises (SEs) using integrated interpretive structural modeling and fuzzy MICMAC approach
davod khosroanjom Ali Rajabzadeh Ghatary عباس مقبلFrom a resource-based view, service delivery relies heavily on the resources and capabilities of the organization to create sustainable competitive advantage over the long term. In reviewing the literature, no research has been conducted on the relationship between dime MoreFrom a resource-based view, service delivery relies heavily on the resources and capabilities of the organization to create sustainable competitive advantage over the long term. In reviewing the literature, no research has been conducted on the relationship between dimensions and criteria of the service capability apart from firm performance and the relationship network and their effectiveness have not been analyzed and the focus of the research has been on the relationship between dimensions and firm performance. The purpose of this study is identify the service capability criteria and use interpretive structural modeling to structure the relationships between these criteria as well as the use of the fuzzy MICMAC analysis to cluster the criteria. Therefore, based on a resource-based view, the service dimensions and capabilities including management, organizational, marketing and service quality were comprehensively identified and extracted through subject literature and interviews with 11 experts. The results showed that according to ISM model "Corporate quality", "interactive quality", "planning, control and integration of activities" and "differentiation of activities and level of centralization" are important criteria that are the basis of the structure of capability services are considered and also with respect to the fuzzy MICMAC analysis the criteria of "analysis and formulation of the strategy", "planning, control and integration of activities" and "physical quality" were classified as the "most important" criteria of service capabilities that have high power to influence they have other criteria, so Iran's small enterprises need to take major steps to strengthen this criteria Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - (Identification and leveling Factors Affecting the Brand Success of Knowledge-Based Industrial Business( Experimental Examples of Technology Units Deployed at Semnan Province Science and Technology Park(
hasanali Aghajani Abdolhamid Safaei Ghadikolaei Meysam Shirkhodaei hasan vahediAbstract Given the importance of brand success in small and medium-sized businesses and especially in knowledge based companies, this research was implemented by goals of identifying and leveling factors affecting the brand success of knowledge based industries in tech MoreAbstract Given the importance of brand success in small and medium-sized businesses and especially in knowledge based companies, this research was implemented by goals of identifying and leveling factors affecting the brand success of knowledge based industries in technology units based in the science and technology park of Semnan province using the ISM method. To do this, the views of fourteen university professors and experts of the organizations studied, the factors affecting the brand success of knowledge-based companies were examined and after the final refinement, eight factors were selected. In the next step, these factors were stratified by Structural Interpretation Modeling Technique. Finally, among the factors affecting the brand success of knowledge-based companies, the history of the company and the type of ownership, is first and the most influential factor. Next, brand features are located. The third level includes the market share, the fourth level is the size of the company and the market share and, ultimately, the most influential factors, communications and marketing plans are at the fifth level. This leveling enables knowledge-based companies to formulate the strategies needed to succeed in their product brands and move them closer to their ultimate goal as they progress at each level Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Designing a model for the creation of export consortia in the context of industrial clusters
Mahmood Ghayoomi mohammad hosein abooie Mohammad Ali Vahdat Abolghasem EbrahimiDespite the considerable number of small and medium size enterprises, their impact on the economic area is not remarkable due to the existing limitations in the area of financial resource, human resource, market accessibility and market information. Since most of the ac MoreDespite the considerable number of small and medium size enterprises, their impact on the economic area is not remarkable due to the existing limitations in the area of financial resource, human resource, market accessibility and market information. Since most of the active enterprises in industrial clusters are small and medium enterprises, and considering that the characteristics of the industrial cluster affect the function of active enterprises within the cluster and these features facilitate marketing and export activities, One of the most significant ways to overcome these limitations is to organizing and strengthening of the powers of the small firms through the establishment of network and common collaboration between enterprises in the export area as well as the design of a model for the establishment of export consortia. In this research, the goal is providing a model for the creation of export consortia in the context of industrial clusters, information resources from semi-structured interviews with cluster development agent, managers of industrial units that involved in industrial clusters and the study of institutional documents, were collected. It identifies the dimensions, components and features that influence the establishment of a successful export consortium according to the grounded theory by doing open, axial, and selective coding. In addition, 205 concepts were categorized in the form of a model into 26 sub-categories and 6 main categories including causal conditions, main phenomena, executive strategies, underlying factors, confounding factors and consequences. By receiving expert opinions on industrial clusters and export consortiums with a successful or unsuccessful experience through statistical analysis of the questionnaire and using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and through identifying the weight of each category and concept, their relative importance in the success of export consortia was discussed. The proposed model incorporates all the factors that contribute to the establishment of successful export consortia and can be used as a comprehensive model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Designing a Model of Science, Technology and Innovation Policy in the Regional Innovation System (Case Study: Yazd Province Special Science and Technology Zone)
علی صفاری دربرزی habib zare ahmadabadi seyed reza salami Davood Andalib ArdakaniDue to the complexity of science, technology and innovation system, policymakers and decision-makers are concerned by designing a comprehensive model for policy making in this field. Therefore, it is essential to understand and extract relationships of science, technolo MoreDue to the complexity of science, technology and innovation system, policymakers and decision-makers are concerned by designing a comprehensive model for policy making in this field. Therefore, it is essential to understand and extract relationships of science, technology and innovation policy indices. The purpose of this research is to identify and establish the link between indices in the form of regional innovation system. For this purpose, in the first step, using the review of the literature of research as well as the use of experts' opinions, the most important dimensions of the model of policymaking of science, technology and innovation were identified. Then, in the next step, interpretive structural modeling technique was used to communicate and sequence between the main dimensions and presenting the relational model. According to the results, 56 indicators in eight main dimensions were ranked in five levels. With the validation of the model, using structural equation modeling, it was determined that the two dimensions of the institutions and resources of science and technology are the basic foundations of science, technology and innovation policy in the special field of science and technology in Yazd province that the policymaking process is practically from these two dimensions of the beginning gets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - The Efficiency of Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioral therapy on Mood and Somatic Symptoms of Children with Interpersonal Trauma
somaye Shahabi Vand Afrooz Afshari leila Cheragh MolaeiThe aim of present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy on mood and somatic symptoms reduction of children with history of interpersonal trauma. This was a single subject experimental study with Multiple baseline design and t MoreThe aim of present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy on mood and somatic symptoms reduction of children with history of interpersonal trauma. This was a single subject experimental study with Multiple baseline design and the population consist of all primary school children (boys and girls) in 2019-2020 academic year in Saghez city. 4 (9-12 years old) students with interpersonal trauma history were recruited by convenient sampling method. Child and parent forms of life incidence of traumatic events questionnaire (LITE-C & LITE-P), child and parent reports of post traumatic symptoms (CROPS, PROPS) and Takata & Sakata psychosomatic complaints scale were administered to them at baseline (A), two first, two middle and two last sessions and after completion of treatment in follow up sessions. In B experimental phase each of these 4 student, receive 14 individual treatment sessions of TF-CBT on average. Spss-25 software was used to analyze data with graphic analysis and improvement percentage as well as descriptive statistics, repeated measure variance analysis and dependent T test. Results indicated that clinical and statistical improvements were occurring in reduction of children’s mood and somatic symptoms and post-traumatic stress symptoms, which was, remain constantly in 3 weeks follow up. Hence, this treatment could reduce the mood and somatic symptoms of children with interpersonal trauma. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Presenting a Model to Improve the Performance of Government Organizations with Emphasis on Innovation and Organizational Values: An Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach
Ismail Ghaderifar Mir Hadi Moazen Jamshidi abbasali ArfaThe purpose of this study is to provide a model to improve the performance of government organizations with an emphasis on innovation and organizational values. The participant of the study consists of university professors and experts in the field of study who have bee MoreThe purpose of this study is to provide a model to improve the performance of government organizations with an emphasis on innovation and organizational values. The participant of the study consists of university professors and experts in the field of study who have been selected by purposive sampling. Finally, 10 university professors and experts, including managers and experts in the field of organization, answered the questions. Experts in this study were people who had at least 15 years of experience in studying, teaching or working in the field of government organizations and organizational performance. Sampling continued until the theoretical saturation stage. Also, to determine the reliability of the measuring instrument, the value of ICC coefficient in terms of compatibility and absolute agreement was approved. Interpretive structural modeling approach using Matlab software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the staff empowerment factor in relation to the research topic and presenting an effective model in order to improve and enhance the performance of government organizations has the highest impact and the least impact and this factor has been targeted as a variable of this research. Also, the research findings showed that the transformational leadership factor has the most impact and the least impact in the current model from other components. This factor is due to high conductivity and low dependence of influential variables or in other words stimuli Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Localized Content Analysis Model of Four Pillars of Knowledge Management Based on Sustainable Change Approach
Tahereh TashayoieNejad Mohsen Ghadami Mohammad Taghi Ziae Bigdeli hamide reshadatjoo Maryam KhaliliaraghiThe purpose of this study is to present a localized content analysis model of four pillars of knowledge management based on the continuous change approach. This study is the practical research in terms of orientation. The statistical population includes academic experts MoreThe purpose of this study is to present a localized content analysis model of four pillars of knowledge management based on the continuous change approach. This study is the practical research in terms of orientation. The statistical population includes academic experts and theoretical experts. Theoretical experts include university professors who are knowledgeable in the field of knowledge management. Experimental experts also include managers with more than 15 years of experience in the Export Development Bank. Non-probabilistic and purposeful methods have been used for sampling. The sampling process continued and finally 11 experts participated in this stage. Using qualitative analysis of grounded theory, a number of concepts of extraction and coding of indicators were performed. Following the research process and its quantitative part, by performing the fuzzy Delphi technique in 3 rounds, the criteria obtained from the qualitative analysis of the research were screened and validated. Then, ISM method was used to identify the relationships of the localized model of the four pillars of knowledge management based on the continuous change approach and to reflect the internal relationships between the criteria. Based on data analysis in the structural-interpretive modeling section, knowledge management (WM) is first level or dependent. The variables of organizational leadership (OL), organizational culture (OC), organizational technology (OT), organizational learning (LO) are the second level. The variable of continuous change (CC) is the third level. Finally, the variables of personal competence (SC), mental patterns (MP), shared vision (SV), team learning (TL), systemic thinking (ST) are in the fourth level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Qualitative Analysis of the Socio-Economic Impacts of Construction of ShahidBagheri Square Multi-storey Parking
Aadel AbdollahiThis study was aimed to analyze the social and economic impacts of the construction of multi-storey parking in ShahidBagheri Square, South Yaftabad District, Tehran. The methodology of this study was qualitative and the data were collected through observation and interv MoreThis study was aimed to analyze the social and economic impacts of the construction of multi-storey parking in ShahidBagheri Square, South Yaftabad District, Tehran. The methodology of this study was qualitative and the data were collected through observation and interview techniques with a focus on the interpretations of the participants. The data collection process continued until it reached a theoretical saturation. In this process, 47 technical experts, officials, key informants and local residents were interviewed both in person and within a discussions group. The Findingsrevealed that not only the effectiveness of this construction project but also the manageability of its impacts depend on consideration of socio-economic status of Yaftabad neighborhood residents. Therefore, suggestions derived from present study are as follow:Renting parking lots based on the common price in the South Yaftabad neighborhood with a fair pricing mechanism;Strengthening intra- and inter-organizational coordination by emphasizing on social participation; Incorporating construction of a neighborhood hall -SarayeMahalle- into this project for addressing the social and cultural needs of the residents;Utilizing the parking building as a local cultural heritage bulletin; Preventing spaces from gettingunprotected and indefensibleby including green spaces or playgrounds in building plan; reinforcing social interactions and local identity byturning some parts of the parking to a local hangout as a hub of local and social communication. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Two Interpretations of a Poem Entitled “Kakki”
Fatemeh RakeiNimaYoushij’s emphasis on employing expansive and multifarious symbols in his poems, especially unique symbols and idiosyncratic ones from his mother tongue grants a special succulence and freshness to the third period of his poetic life which starts with “Khab-e Zemest MoreNimaYoushij’s emphasis on employing expansive and multifarious symbols in his poems, especially unique symbols and idiosyncratic ones from his mother tongue grants a special succulence and freshness to the third period of his poetic life which starts with “Khab-e Zemestani” (literally Hibernation) from 1951 on. These types of poems, due to suffocating political conditions, mostly possess social and political messages that Nima has composed them symbolically. To me, it is possible to attain those messages or at least to touch the conceptions at the time of composing these poems through employing Friedrich Schleiermacher’s hermeneutical method. On the other hand, Nima as a symbolist poet insists on composing poems in a misty ambience through giving multifarious meanings to his poems and believes that ambiguity is one of the specifications of any poem; for this very reason, one of an interpreter’s duties is to discern the different meanings of Nima’s symbolic poems. According to different meanings for the word “Kakki” from various glossaries and the viewpoints of natives of Mazandaran, interviewed, as well as some words of this poem like “parivar” (literally fairy like), feminine nature to the poem is induced. In this article, a different interpretation for “Kakki” rather than its first common interpretation is presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Providing a pattern of digital entrepreneurship in small and medium companies in South Khorasan province During COVID-19
Asma Tavazoeifar Mohim Tash Soheila KeshavarzDuring the Quidd-19 epidemic, the importance of paying attention to digital businesses has increased and the need for the growth and survival of such businesses is to pay attention to competitive advantages. One of these competitive advantages is the innovativeness of b MoreDuring the Quidd-19 epidemic, the importance of paying attention to digital businesses has increased and the need for the growth and survival of such businesses is to pay attention to competitive advantages. One of these competitive advantages is the innovativeness of business products, which is a fundamental and inseparable indicator of the concept of entrepreneurship; Therefore, paying attention to digital entrepreneurship in businesses in the current situation will play a significant role in the economic development of societies; Therefore, the purpose of this study is to Providing a pattern of digital entrepreneurship in small and medium companies in South Khorasan province. This research is a descriptive, survey and correlational research, and in terms of classification based on results and application, it is an applied research. The statistical population of questionnaire 1 consists of experts of companies in Birjand Industrial Town. In order to prioritize the dimensions, components and indicators of the model, Questionnaire was designed that to use hierarchical analysis, senior managers of companies in Birjand Industrial Park were selected as the statistical population. To analyze the data, confirmatory factor analysis and modeling of structural equations with Smart pls software and in order to prioritize the dimensions and components, the method of hierarchical analysis using Expert choice software has been used. The results show that all model indicators affect small and medium enterprises in South Khorasan province. And the most important dimension, component and index of the research model are, respectively, internal organization, organizational capabilities and government support Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - A New Method in Design and Implementation of Electronic Synchronizer Based on Phase Locked Loop for Fast Paralleling of Diesel–Generators
M. parniani R. BagheriTo benefit form advantages of parallel operation of diesel-generators, their rapid and smooth synchronization is required. A new method in design and implementation of such a synchronizer, based on phase locked loop (PLL), is described and test results are presented. T MoreTo benefit form advantages of parallel operation of diesel-generators, their rapid and smooth synchronization is required. A new method in design and implementation of such a synchronizer, based on phase locked loop (PLL), is described and test results are presented. The synchronizer automatically controls the generator to achieve zero phase difference, and then issues the synchronization command. The main advantage of the method over other synchronizers is to lock on the perfect synchronous state using PLL. Thus, there is no need to consider circuit breaker operating time and to estimate proper synchronization instant. The result is faster and more reliable synchronization as compared to the existing types Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - A New High Level Model to Check CTL Properties in VHDL Environment
B. Alizadeh Z. NavabiThis paper describes the use of polynomial integer equations for high level model of digital circuits for property checking formal verification at this level. Most formal verification methods use low-level representations of a design like BDDs. BDD operations are not a MoreThis paper describes the use of polynomial integer equations for high level model of digital circuits for property checking formal verification at this level. Most formal verification methods use low-level representations of a design like BDDs. BDD operations are not applicable to a large datapath because of large CPU time and memory usage. In our method, a behavioral state machine is represented by a list of integer equations, and RT level properties are directly applied to this representation. Furthermore, this method is applied to circuits without having to separate their data and control sections. For this implementation, we use a canonical form of integer equations, which simplifies equations instead of solving them. This paper compares our results with those of the VIS verification tool that is a BDD based program Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Search Space Reduction in Fingerprint Recognition Based on Block Orientation Field
S. Helfroush H. GhassemianClassification is the first essential step in every automatic fingerprint recognition system. Regarding to the time and expense of recognition process, it has the benefit of search space reduction. Conventional classification methods are based on visible fingerprint cla MoreClassification is the first essential step in every automatic fingerprint recognition system. Regarding to the time and expense of recognition process, it has the benefit of search space reduction. Conventional classification methods are based on visible fingerprint classes. However, due to small number of these classes and nonuniform distribution of fingerprints among them, continuous classification scheme has been addressed. In this method, a similarity criterion is defined and a degree of likeness is assigned to the similarity of input fingerprint and each fingerprint in database. According to similarity criterion, matching of input fingerprint is begun first with the image in database that is more similar to input fingerprint. In this paper, a new similarity measuring method is proposed and used for continuous classification of fingerprints. The method is based on block orientation field. It is translation and rotation invariant and does not need core point existence and detection. Experimental results on FVC2000 database demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in search space reduction compared with the other methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - An Antenna Radiation Pattern Measurement System at Ordinary Room Using Adaptive Filter
J. Dianat Ch. Ghobadi J. NouriniaIn this work the inverse transfer function of the measurement room is obtained using a linear and RLS (recursive least-squares algorithm) adaptive filter. At first, an antenna with known pattern (reference antenna) is placed in the test zone to obtain the optimal tap we MoreIn this work the inverse transfer function of the measurement room is obtained using a linear and RLS (recursive least-squares algorithm) adaptive filter. At first, an antenna with known pattern (reference antenna) is placed in the test zone to obtain the optimal tap weights of the adaptive filter. Once the filter converges, the learning stage finishes. After that the reference antenna is replaced with the test antenna and its pattern is measured and the data of the measurement is filtered by the optimal tap weights adaptive filter. The filter cancels the stray signals (reflected and scattered signal) and produces the radiation pattern of the test antenna. This technique is superior to that of others because it has better accuracy and it is less costly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Forecasting the Number of Telecommunication Services’ Subscribers for the Next Years in the Country
A. Jahanbeigi M. E. KalantariEstimating the number of basic telephony services (fixed and mobile) and also residential users and enterprise subscribers of data services for the next years (up to 1389), is the goal of this paper. To predict the number of basic telephony services, the Cobb-Douglas mo MoreEstimating the number of basic telephony services (fixed and mobile) and also residential users and enterprise subscribers of data services for the next years (up to 1389), is the goal of this paper. To predict the number of basic telephony services, the Cobb-Douglas model, which uses the two important factors (the subscriber’s income and charge of service), is utilized. An increase of 18.48 and 27.18 million subscribers for fixed and mobile telephony services is predicted, respectively (in the time interval of 1385-89). The accuracy of estimates is also validated by comparing the results with actual numbers of subscription in the past years and also with global norms in the world (published by International Telecommunication Union). The potential number of residential users of data services is estimated to be about 14.43 million (or penetration rate of 19.6 percent for internet users), and enterprise subscribers about 217 thousand (in addition to governmental organizations) at the end of 1389. Finally, a range of demanded data services along with their required bit rates are identified in order to be used in bandwidth forecast and allocation in the next generation networks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - A New Configuration of Unified Power Quality Conditioner for Simultaneous Compensation in Adjacent Feeders
H. R. Mohammadi A. Yazdian Varjani H. mokhtariIn this paper a new configuration of unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is proposed. In this new configuration, by adding a series converter in an adjacent feeder, the abilities of the UPQC are enhanced. The proposed configuration can be applied to adjacent feeder MoreIn this paper a new configuration of unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is proposed. In this new configuration, by adding a series converter in an adjacent feeder, the abilities of the UPQC are enhanced. The proposed configuration can be applied to adjacent feeders to compensate for supply voltage and load current imperfections on the main feeder and fully compensation of supply voltage imperfections, especially interruption, on other feeder. In this configuration two series and one shunt converters are used which all are voltage source converters (VSC). All VSCs are connected back to back on the DC side and shared a common DC-link capacitor. The proposed configuration offers the following advantages: 1) Power transfer between two adjacent feeders for sag/swell and interruption compensation. 2) Using one shunt VSC for current compensation in main feeder and voltage regulation of common DC link capacitor between all VSCs. The simulation results obtained in PSCAD/EMTDC on a two bus/two feeder system show the effectiveness of the proposed configuration as well as the adopted control system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - A New Hardware Method for Direction Estimation in Fingerprint Images
E. Alibeigi S. Samavi Z. RahmaniOne of the main identity authentication methods is the use of fingerprints. The most popular biometric method is fingerprint analysis. Most of the automatic fingerprint systems are based on minutiae matching. Therefore, extraction of minutiae is a critical stage in the MoreOne of the main identity authentication methods is the use of fingerprints. The most popular biometric method is fingerprint analysis. Most of the automatic fingerprint systems are based on minutiae matching. Therefore, extraction of minutiae is a critical stage in the design of fingerprint authentication systems. Computation of direction of lines in fingerprints is a stage which affects the quality of the extracted minutiae. The existing algorithms require complex and time-consuming computations and are software-based. This paper presents a hardware implementation which has improved the current methods. The presented method is based on pipeline architecture and has proved to perform efficiently. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - A Likelihood Ratio Approach to Information Fusion for Image-Based Fingerprint Verification
M. S. Helfroush M. MohammadpourImage-based fingerprint verification systems have been considered as a parallel method against the minutiae-based approach. This paper proposes a training based fusion method for fingerprint verification, using likelihood ratio (L.R). In this method, the matching scores MoreImage-based fingerprint verification systems have been considered as a parallel method against the minutiae-based approach. This paper proposes a training based fusion method for fingerprint verification, using likelihood ratio (L.R). In this method, the matching scores which are extracted from orientation, spectral and textural features are fused. In order to fuse these image-based features, the likelihood ratio approach has been employed. FVC2000 database has been selected to evaluate the method. Also, the proposed method has been compared to a similar one that uses the simple sum as its fusion system. The comparison results show that the proposed fusion method has made a significant improvement for the accuracy of matching system, so that the equal error rate (ERR) of proposed system has been reduced to 0.14%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - A Secure Algorithm to Overcome Fingerprint Classification Problems
F. Mirzaei H. Ebrahimpour-Komleh M. BiglariFingerprint as a biometric has the most applications in verification and identification systems, because of its specific properties. In identification systems, input image is compared with all of images stored in the database. In huge databases, the comparison will take MoreFingerprint as a biometric has the most applications in verification and identification systems, because of its specific properties. In identification systems, input image is compared with all of images stored in the database. In huge databases, the comparison will take large amounts of time; Consider FBI databases, for instance. Image classification is one of the approved methods to increase the identification speed. Only one class is assigned to each fingerprint in tradition absolute classification. Various reasons like noise or lack of all the singularity points in captured region, cause the problem in determination of an absolute class for all the images. In this article, a new method based on probabilistic classification is presented. In the proposed approach, a set of classes are considered for each input image with a specific probability. These classes are searched in order of their probabilities priority in matching stage. Experiments on well-known FVC2002 database, exhibit the effect of probable classification clearly. Using only the second and third classes assigned by the proposed method, the identification system achieves about 18% increase in accuracy and 2-3 times speedup in compared to the traditional methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Identification and Contribution Evaluation of Interharmonic Sources in a Power System Using Adaptive Linear Neuron and Superposition and Projection Method
P. Sarafrazi H. R. MohammadiIn this paper a new method for identification of interharmonic producing loads in a power system is proposed which is capable of evaluating the contribution of each individual load in the point of common coupling. This method is based on using the superposition and proj MoreIn this paper a new method for identification of interharmonic producing loads in a power system is proposed which is capable of evaluating the contribution of each individual load in the point of common coupling. This method is based on using the superposition and projection method which needs the norton equivalent circuit of loads and supply network. Also in the proposed method, a two-stage adaptive linear neuron is used for determining the interharmonic components of a signal. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been shown through simulation studies in the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The simulation results show the capability of the proposed method for identification and contribution evaluation of interharmonic sources in a power system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Identification and Contribution Evaluation of Interharmonic Sources in a Power System Using Adaptive Linear Neuron and Superposition and Projection Method
P. Sarafrazi H. R. MohammadiIn this paper a new method for identification of interharmonic producing loads in a power system is proposed which is capable of evaluating the contribution of each individual load in the point of common coupling. This method is based on using the superposition and proj MoreIn this paper a new method for identification of interharmonic producing loads in a power system is proposed which is capable of evaluating the contribution of each individual load in the point of common coupling. This method is based on using the superposition and projection method which needs the norton equivalent circuit of loads and supply network. Also in the proposed method, a two-stage adaptive linear neuron is used for determining the interharmonic components of a signal. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been shown through simulation studies in the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The simulation results show the capability of the proposed method for identification and contribution evaluation of interharmonic sources in a power system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Design of Parity Preserving Reversible Signed Multiplier Circuit
M. Haghparast A. BolhassaniOne of the major challenges and constraints in designing very large integrated circuits is the power dissipation of transistors. Reversible logic is one of the new paradigm in reducing the power consumption of digital circuits in the quantum computing field. In this pap MoreOne of the major challenges and constraints in designing very large integrated circuits is the power dissipation of transistors. Reversible logic is one of the new paradigm in reducing the power consumption of digital circuits in the quantum computing field. In this paper, an improved design of a parallel 5-bit parity preserving reversible signed multiplier circuit is presented. Reversible circuit designs with parity preserving property are an important issue for the implementation of fault tolerant systems in nanotechnology area. To design of the proposed multiplier, the reversible full adder circuit using 5×5 reversible HBF block with low quantum cost, and the 4×4 reversible HBL gate, with parity preserving property are proposed. The structure of the multiplier circuit consists of two parts of the partial product generation (PPG) and multi-operand addition (MOA). This structure is based on Baugh-Wooley and Wallace-Tree algorithms, which results in improved speed of operation in a 5-bit multiplier for signed digits. The proposed circuits are optimized based on important evaluation issues such as quantum cost, garbage outputs and constant inputs, and also are compared with the existing circuits. The main goal is to reduce the quantum cost, the number of constant inputs and garbage outputs in the design of the proposed multiplier circuit. The results of the final evaluation and comparison shows that the proposed multiplier in this study is improved by 26% in quantum cost, 9% in garbage outputs and 9% in constant inputs relative to the best existing designs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Analyzing the Effect of Heterogeneous Cache Hierarchy in Data Center Processors
Adnan Nasri M. Fathy Ali BroumandniaThis paper focuses on the effect of heterogeneous cache hierarchy in data center processors in the dark silicon era. For extreme-scale high performance computing systems, system-wide power consumption has been identified as one of the key constraints. As energy consumpt MoreThis paper focuses on the effect of heterogeneous cache hierarchy in data center processors in the dark silicon era. For extreme-scale high performance computing systems, system-wide power consumption has been identified as one of the key constraints. As energy consumption becomes a key issue for operation and maintenance of cloud data centers, cloud computing providers are becoming significantly concerned. Emerging non-volatile memory technologies are favorable replacement for conventional memory. Here, we employ a nonvolatile memory called spin-transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM) as an on-chip L2 cache to obtain lower energy compared to conventional L2 caches, like SRAM. High density, fast read access, near-zero leakage power and non-volatility make STT-RAM a significant technology for on-chip memories. In order to decrease memory energy consumption, it is required to address both the leakage and dynamic energy. Previous studies have mainly studied specific schemes based on common applications and do not provide a thorough analysis of emerging scale-out applications with multiple design options. Here, we discuss different outlooks consisting of performance and energy efficiency in cloud processors by running CloudSuite benchmarks as one of scale-out workloads. Experiment results on the CloudSuite benchmarks show that using STT-RAM memory compare to SRAM memory as last level cache, consumes less energy in L2 cache, around 59% at maximum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Robust Optimal Stable Fuzzy Controller Design for Stabilization of Electric Vehicle Speed, in Presence of Parametric Uncertainties and External Disturbances
Mohammad Veysi M. Shasadeghi M. R. SoltanpourIn electric vehicle’s nonlinear dynamic equations, some parameters has uncertainty such as the coefficient of rolling resistance, drag coefficient, armature resistance and field winding resistance. Design of a controller that is robust in the presence of these parametri MoreIn electric vehicle’s nonlinear dynamic equations, some parameters has uncertainty such as the coefficient of rolling resistance, drag coefficient, armature resistance and field winding resistance. Design of a controller that is robust in the presence of these parametric uncertainties and also in presence of external disturbances, and on the other hand simultaneously satisfies the optimality criteria, is a challenging issue. In practical applications, in addition to the above problem, the computational load of the control input should also be considered and provide a rational interaction between the controller's desirable performance and the calculations volume. In the present paper, a robust optimal stable fuzzy controller based on the parallel distributed compensation is designed, using Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model of electric vehicle. The stabilizer feedback gains of fuzzy model, the upper bound of the uncertainties, the upper bound of the disturbances effect, and the upper bound of the cost function are obtained completely offline, through the solving of a minimization problem based on the linear matrix inequality. Therefore, the calculation volume of the control input is extremely low. This allows the practical implementation of the proposed controller. The favorable performance of the proposed controller is demonstrated in five-step simulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Identifying and Modeling Iranian Large Enterprises’ Motivators in Implementing Performance Management System in their Human Resource Divisions
مهسا فاضل حسنآبادی Ghanbar MohammadielyasiImplementing Performance Management System (PMS) is seen as a main concern of enterprises. According to research findings, near to 70 per cent of enterprises’ evolutionary programmes, such as: Strategic Planning, Knowledge Management, Performance Management, and Total Q MoreImplementing Performance Management System (PMS) is seen as a main concern of enterprises. According to research findings, near to 70 per cent of enterprises’ evolutionary programmes, such as: Strategic Planning, Knowledge Management, Performance Management, and Total Quality Management (TQM), have been failed due to a lack of enough motivational factors. Therefore, it is important to identify and trigger motivational factors of enterprises in order to decrease the failure rate of their evolutionary programmes. PMS as one of these evolutional programmes needs to be aggravated by the relevant motivational factors; and therefore, the current study seeks to identify these motivators in Iranian large enterprises. Further to identifying these motivators, the current study explores the interdependencies amongst the motivators in order to weigh their importance as well. Semi-structured interviews and Interactive Management (IM) as two qualitative research methods were used to explore the ideas of PMS experts in six Iranian large enterprises. All of the interviews and IM sessions have been transcribed and coded in three stages, using Strauss’s open coding process. Idea Writing, Nominative Group Technique (NGT), and Interpretive Structural modeling (ISM) were also used in the process of gathering and analyzing data in IM stage of this research. According to the findings of the current study, the most important motivators of Iranian large enterprises to implement PMS in their businesses are: working in a competitive environment, willingness of their leaders to make an evolution in their working processes, making sure of achieving their goals, matching between the enterprises and their employees’ goals, performance evaluation and adjusting their employees compensation system based on this evaluation, and finally, willingness to being recognized by their performance. Further to identifying the most important motivators of Iranian large enterprises in implementing PMS, the final model draw by ISM shows that existing a competitive environment is the most influential factor which affects all of the other motivators as well. Moreover, some of the other motivators, such as: performance-based compensation system, performance evaluation, and being recognized by the performance, are seen to mutually affect and interact with each other. The practical and research implications of the findings of the current study are also highlighted and the limitations of the study are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Presenting a Model to Explain the Empowerment of Knowledge Capitals with Using Interpretative Structural Modeling
Ebrahim RajabpourWith the emergence of the knowledge economy, human capabilities known as the most unique and sustainable competitive advantage for organizations in the current rapidly changing environment. Therefore, in this period it is essential and undeniable to paying special atten MoreWith the emergence of the knowledge economy, human capabilities known as the most unique and sustainable competitive advantage for organizations in the current rapidly changing environment. Therefore, in this period it is essential and undeniable to paying special attention in the knowledge and skills of human resources and empowerment of these unmatched capitals in organizations. The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing the empowerment of knowledge capitals and ultimately provide a model for Research Institution of Petroleum Industry, using interpretative structural modeling. With comprehensive review of the literature, eight factors were identified to explain the empowerment of the Petroleum Industry Research; then using interpretation of structural modeling, factors graded at five levels. Then, after determining the levels each of the factors and taking into account the availability of the final matrix, the final model of interpretation were drawn. The results showed that factors such as training and development, characteristics of personality, organizational structure and the nature of the job effect more than other factors in relation to empowerment in Research Institute of Petroleum Industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Identifying and Modelling of Challenges for Implementing E-Learning in the Iranian National Gas Company: An Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) approach
farzane tariThe purpose of the present research is to identify the framework of the relationships of progressive challenges for implementing electronic education with interpretive structural modeling approach (ISM) in the National Gas Company of Iran. The methodology of the researc MoreThe purpose of the present research is to identify the framework of the relationships of progressive challenges for implementing electronic education with interpretive structural modeling approach (ISM) in the National Gas Company of Iran. The methodology of the research from the viewpoint of purpose is functional and from the viewpoint of data gathering is qualitative. In this research, first the related evidence and research were examined based on accessible sampling method. Then, identification of the items related to challenges of applying electronic education was done. In the next step, based on interactive management method and by using interpretive structural modeling (ISM) software, which is one of the methods of qualitative research, the viewpoints of 7 experts in the field of electronic education in the National Gas Company of Iran, who were selected purposefully, 7 items were determined as the final challenges of applying electronic education. Eventually, the structure of the relationships among these items and the level of their significance was depicted in the form of an interactive network. According to the final results of the survey, the most important critical factors of application of electronic education in the staff section of the national gas organization were in lack of instruction and weakness in providing laws and regulations, lack of algorithm and specific executive method, weakness in network communication, improper information giving about the capacities of electronic education, insufficient content, incorrect execution of electronic education, and lack of incentive on the side of staff members. identification of the interrelation of critical factors showed that lack of instruction and weakness in providing laws and regulations was one of the most fundamental challenges of applying electronic education in the national gas organization, which has had remarkable impact on other critical factors. The applications of the findings of the research and suggestions for future research have been provided at the end of the paper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Identification and Prioritizing the barriers to effective utilization of Mechanisms of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) by Emphasizing on organizational training based on the Three-Dimensional Model
Somayeh Oryan Seyed Mohammad Shobeiri Mehran FarajollahiThis study aimed at investigating and prioritizing the pathology of organizational training on financial and non-financial mechanisms of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) by a diagnostic trichotomy model. This study was exploratory resea MoreThis study aimed at investigating and prioritizing the pathology of organizational training on financial and non-financial mechanisms of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) by a diagnostic trichotomy model. This study was exploratory research and its methodology was developmental and applied research method. In terms of data collection was combined (quantitative and qualitative) research. The review documents and semi-structured interviews were used as data collection tools. In order to analyze the data, the content analysis for classifying method was used and interviews were conducted with 40 elite and specialists, who were selected purposefully. At the first stage, After extracting 212 barriers and removing repeated elements, 44 relevant concepts and contents classified into one of the three (structural, behavioral, environmental/context) dimensions of the model as a questionnaire. Through Lawshe content validity, 36 barriers were selected and reliability by 0.812 Cronbach coefficient alpha were confirmed. Thereafter, this obstacles were prioritized by Fuzzy Delphi method. At the third stage, it was examined how each barriers related legal, economic, political, administrative and environmental conditions influenced each other’s through ISM and MICMAC techniques. The results demonstrated that after international and national laws and legal issues, educational process was second effective item. Need assessment for different levels and stakeholders, lack of instructors familiar with the subject and lack of appropriate educational contents as the priority issues had been recognized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Traits, Skills, and Entrepreneurial Actions of the Teacherpreneurs: A Systematic Review through Qualitative Meta-synthesis
Zahra Sayehvand Farnoosh Alami Sara Salim Namin Mahmoud AbolghasemiThe teacherpreneurship has received increasing attention over the past decades; however, the concept remains understudied, and the way the teaching profession and entrepreneurship are combine, is unclear. To fill this gap in the literature, this study aimed to identify MoreThe teacherpreneurship has received increasing attention over the past decades; however, the concept remains understudied, and the way the teaching profession and entrepreneurship are combine, is unclear. To fill this gap in the literature, this study aimed to identify the traits and skills and entrepreneurial actions of teacherpreneurs through a systematic literature review of current scholarly work on the topic as well as hybrid thematic analysis of study sources. The results of the study provide traits and actions that are commonly attributed to teacherpreneurs. The results are categorized into four dimensions of personal traits with 8 themes, entrepreneurial actions with 11 themes, teachership with 5 themes, and leadership with 10 themes. Teacherpreneurs are creative, knowledgeable, learner, resistant, active, empathic, moral role models, with commitment and responsibility and social motivation. Teacherpreneurs show also entrepreneurial traits and actions such as ongoing innovation and educational value creation, problem solving, risk-taking, networking, learner/audience understanding, providing resources, creating a common dream, and then creating a common creation. Teacherpreneurs are teaching experts who excel in one or more teaching components such as innovative teaching methods, assessment methods, and classroom management. They also set up professional learning communities with a reciprocal mentoring approach, lead an innovation team and explore new perspectives on teaching and learning as the educational leaders. The results of this research can be a basis for new research and can facilitate the development process of the teacherpreneurship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Developing a Competency Model for HRD Advisors in Iranian State-Run Enterprises
Saeed Safaei Movahed Mohammad HajizadThis study aims at identifying the necessary competencies for training advisors of Iranian state-run enterprises. Hence, international competency models were initially surveyed to agree over a list of common competencies. Then, related academics and training officials w MoreThis study aims at identifying the necessary competencies for training advisors of Iranian state-run enterprises. Hence, international competency models were initially surveyed to agree over a list of common competencies. Then, related academics and training officials were interviewed through Delphi method to reach a unanimous consensus based on the requirements of state-run companies (purposeful criterion sampling). To establish credibility of the findings, the model was submitted to the related experts three times to reach consensus on the final model. Based on the findings, training competencies for state-run enterprises may be categorized into foundational (effective communication, industry knowledge, technology industry, seeing the big picture) and technical (training needs analysis, instructional design, psychology of learning, training and development strategies, learning and performance assessment, learning technologies, training and development standards). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Estimating the score of assessment centers based on the concept of risk and interpersonal differences
امیر آذرفر MohamadMahdi Alishiri Hossein Safari ali ebadiOne of the methods are used to assess and evaluate employees is the evaluation center. Evaluation centers usually have good validity at the tool level, but there are weaknesses at the model level of estimating the final score of evaluation centers. This research is desi MoreOne of the methods are used to assess and evaluate employees is the evaluation center. Evaluation centers usually have good validity at the tool level, but there are weaknesses at the model level of estimating the final score of evaluation centers. This research is designed to provide a method to estimate the final score of assessment centers based on the concept of risk and taking into account interpersonal differences. For this purpose, the data of the evaluation center of 800 managers of the country has been used. In this research, nine different models have been designed and evaluated, and finally, the model with the lowest error rate is presented as the selected model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - A Model of Empowering Administrative System Employees Based on Components of Organizational Intelligence and Organizational Interpersonal Relationships (A Case Study: Electricity Industry of Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran)
Fatemeh khoshhal Alireza sargolzaie Zahra VazifeHuman resource is the main focus of behavior and performance in the organizations, and hence they should concentrate on their human resources in order to achieve more effectiveness and realize their mission and goals. Currently in organizations, new paradigms are based MoreHuman resource is the main focus of behavior and performance in the organizations, and hence they should concentrate on their human resources in order to achieve more effectiveness and realize their mission and goals. Currently in organizations, new paradigms are based on empowering human capital to take advantage of individual abilities for dealing with uncertain and complex conditions and realize their plans and goals, which could lead to the survival and success of the organization. Considering the significance of the performance of the electricity industry, the purpose of this research was to provide a model of empowering the employees of the administrative system based on the components of organizational intelligence and organizational interpersonal relationships. The research method was applied in terms of nature, was descriptive in terms of data collection, and was a survey in terms of implementation method. The tool for collecting data included a questionnaire. First, the dimensions and indicators of empowerment, organizational intelligence, and organizational interpersonal relations were identified based on library studies and interviews with experts, and then interpretive structural modeling was used to determine and analyze the relationships between dimensions and indicators. The results of the research showed that the performance management index is located at the seventh level, which is the most important index. The foundation of employee empowerment is based on performance management, and in any action to empower employees, enough attention should be paid to the significant effect of this indicator on the macro variables of the organization. Also, the role impact index was placed at the first level, which had the highest dependence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Analysis of antecedents and outcomes of Internet of things in supply chain with interpretive structural modeling based on content analysis approach
Aminmasoud Bakhshi Movahhed محمدتقی رضوان hadi mokhtariDue to increasing competition, it is necessary to focus on new technology in supply chain. Internet of things is one of the most innovative tools. Creation of appropriate factors in order to operationalization internet of things will lead to development of supply chain MoreDue to increasing competition, it is necessary to focus on new technology in supply chain. Internet of things is one of the most innovative tools. Creation of appropriate factors in order to operationalization internet of things will lead to development of supply chain performance. Recognition of determining factors in order to use internet of things and awareness of effective result are essential. The purpose of this research is analysis of antecedents and outcomes of Internet of things in supply chain. This paper is based on mixed research including qualitative and quantitative parts. The statistical population of this paper in qualitative part is internal and external papers and that of quantitative part is university professors and industrial experts. This research based on judgmental sampling method as well as contains 22 articles in qualitative part and 10 persons in quantitative part. Library method is used to collect data in the qualitative part while researcher-made questionnaire is used to collect data in the quantitative part. Content analysis is allocated to qualitative part and interpretive structural modeling is assigned to quantitative part. Finally, the results of content analysis are presented in eight antecedents including cultural capital, financial capital, human capital, mental capital, communication capital, information technology infrastructure, legal facilities and environmental capabilities. Additionally, the seven main outcomes including economic performance, social performance, environmental performance, commercial performance, production and operational performance, office system performance and performance development. The most determining variables in antecedent section is information technology infrastructure and in outcome section is economic performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Role of Basic Psychological Needs in Relationship Between Interpersonal Dependency and Mental Health
Nima Ghorbani Atena Heidari reza purhoseinThe aim of the present study was to explore the role of basic psychological needs in the relation between interpersonal dependency and mental health. To do so, 251 male and female psychology students of University of Tehran participated in the study. The sampling method MoreThe aim of the present study was to explore the role of basic psychological needs in the relation between interpersonal dependency and mental health. To do so, 251 male and female psychology students of University of Tehran participated in the study. The sampling method was non-random and available. Participants provided self-reports on Interpersonal Dependency Inventory, Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction, Satisfaction With Life Questionnaire, and Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire. To analyze the data, the statistical methods of computing mean standard deviation, correlation coefficients and structural equation methods were used. The results showed that the need for autonomy, competency, and the relatedness play a mediating role between types of dependency with life satisfaction, anxiety, and depression. Satisfaction of relatedness and competency mode-rates the relationship between types of dependency and all health variables, and Satisfaction of competency moderates the relation-ship between types of dependency and all health variables except the relationship bet-ween exploitable dependency and depression. Therefore, the results imply that basic psycho-logical needs are important in improving psychological health of individuals; Moreover, targeting these mediating variables can reduce symptoms in individuals, because it is more feasible and achievable than changing the quality of dependency Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Provide a Pattern Sustainable Tourism Development with Emphasis on Technology Commercialization in Iran
shirin amirhosseini سید محمدرضا حسینی Roohalla samieeIn today's era, many development planners and policymakers refer to tourism as the main pillar of economic development and believe that the basic method of tourism development is to achieve sustainable development, and the develop ent of sustainable tourism increases ta MoreIn today's era, many development planners and policymakers refer to tourism as the main pillar of economic development and believe that the basic method of tourism development is to achieve sustainable development, and the develop ent of sustainable tourism increases tax revenues, exports and economic growth of countries. The aim of the this research was to present a model of sustainable tourism development with an emphasis on technology commercialization in Iran, which was done in a combined manner and is practical in terms of purpose and based on the descriptive-correlation method. Factors affecting the development of tourism were identified with an emphasis on technology commercialization based on in-depth interviews with 11 academic and organizational experts. The output of this stage was 35 components in the form of 4 dimensions: technology, economic, market awareness, laws and guidelines, That were leveled with interpretive structural modeling method and clustered with Mic Mac analysis, which was analyzed using Excel software. The results showed that the economic dimensions, market knowledge, rules and guidelines are in the first level, and the technological dimension is in the second level. The economic dimension is in the dependent cluster, the dimensions of market knowledge, rules and guidelines are in the linked cluster and the technology dimension is in the independent cluster. Based on the results of the research, it is suggested that information and communication technology tools should be seen in all official and unofficial tourism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Provide a B2C e-commerce Pattern with an emphasis on Sharing Economy
Fazel Bazrafshan Jamshid Edalatian Shahriari Nosratollah ShadnoushToday, business to customer e-commerce systems are the most important business systems in providing services and goods to customers. Startups in these systems need methods to be able to expand their market to respond appropriately to customers. One of the recent innovat MoreToday, business to customer e-commerce systems are the most important business systems in providing services and goods to customers. Startups in these systems need methods to be able to expand their market to respond appropriately to customers. One of the recent innovations to develop services and goods in startups is the use of sharing economy. sharing economy in B2C startups make better use of facilities and resources and helps them to reduce transaction costs and improve productivity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present a B2C e-commerce model with an emphasis on sharing economy in startups, which was done in combination. The present research is fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation based on the method. In the first step, effective factors were identified based on content analysis and interviews with 15 academic experts. The output of this stage was 14 components in 3 dimensions (technology, social and economic). Then, in the second step, the identified dimensions were graded by interpretive structural method and clustered by Mikmak analysis, which was analyzed using Excel software. Interpretive structural results showed that the components are in 10 levels, also Micmac analysis showed that the components (trust- collaboration- product- communication quality- economic factor) in the dependent cluster, components (website usability- availability- obligation- sharing information- information quality) in the link cluster and components (social value- security- infrastructure-customization) are also in the independent cluster. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Compilation of artificial neural networks and the thinned Fault likelihood auto-tracking algorithm, for identification, interpretation and extraction of faults
Alireza Ghazanfari Hoseyn Mohammadrezaei Hamidreza AnsariFault identification and investigating their evolution is of special importance in the exploration and development of hydrocarbon resources. Success in exploration and development of hydrocarbon fields, need to recognition of petroleum systems and in this regard one of MoreFault identification and investigating their evolution is of special importance in the exploration and development of hydrocarbon resources. Success in exploration and development of hydrocarbon fields, need to recognition of petroleum systems and in this regard one of the most important topics is identifying faults and their extension condition as a main fluid migration path, specially in deeper zones. Faults and fractures have crucial role in making high permeable and porous segments and cut reservoir and cap rock in the fluid migration path. In addition, for maximizing the production of hydrocarbon from reservoirs and also for reducing the risk of drilling, it is necessary to gain information about geometry and nature of faults of reservoirs. In this paper, the purpose is investigating the performance of combination of neural networks and Fault Likelihood auto-tracking algorithm for identification and interpretation of faults in seismic data. At first using the Dip-steering feature of software, the early filter for accurate identification of dip of structures in the data, have been designed and applied. Then with designing and applying the appropriate filters, the seismic data have been improved. After that proper seismic attributes for fault identification have been calculated from seismic data. With picking fault and non-fault points from data, a supervised neural network using the selected attributes was formed and after training the network, the appropriate output achieved. Then the output of neural network has been used as a input for Thinned Fault Likelihood auto-tracking algorithm. The output of this part contains a volume of tracked faults. Finally using sub-tools of TFL and optimal setting of parameters, 3D fault planes has been interpreted and extracted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Presenting a practical Model to Strengthen the Tax Paying Culture in Iranian Enterprises : ISM approach
Davood Kiakojouri Karim Jahandar Lashaki mehran maranjory mohamad mehdi porpashaThe purpose of this study is to present a practical model to strengthen the culture of tax paymentin Iranian enterprises. The statistical population of the study consists of university professors and tax experts who have been selected by purposive sampling. Finally, 15 MoreThe purpose of this study is to present a practical model to strengthen the culture of tax paymentin Iranian enterprises. The statistical population of the study consists of university professors and tax experts who have been selected by purposive sampling. Finally, 15 university professors and experts answered the questions in the form of structured interviews. Experts in this study were people who have at least 10 years of experience in studying, teaching or working in the field of taxation. Also, to determine the reliability of the measuring instrument, the value of ICC coefficient in terms of compatibility and absolute agreement was approved. Interpretive structural modeling approach using Matlab software was used to analyze the data in the qualitative part. The results of the interpretive modeling section showed that the final model obtained consists of 6 levels. The factor of following the tax laws in relation to the subject of research and presenting a model for strengthening the culture of paying taxes is more effective and in contrast to the factors of religion and social media have the most impact and the least impact. Also, the results of Mick Mac analysis showed the first factor(electronic infrastructure), The second factor (effective tax rate),The fourth factor (management ability and attitude), the Seventh factor (justice and trust in the tax system), And the twelfth factor (transparency of tax policies) have been research's Strategic variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - The key components of Islamic branding for entry in to international markets in small and medium business enterprises food indust
Seyedeh Fattaneh Moghimi seyyed mahmoud shabgoo monsef kambiz shahroodi narges delafroozThe purpose of this research is Identify and explain the key components Islamic branding model for entering international markets in small and medium businesses the Food industry.In terms of the purpose of the research ,it is of the applied type and in terms of the meth MoreThe purpose of this research is Identify and explain the key components Islamic branding model for entering international markets in small and medium businesses the Food industry.In terms of the purpose of the research ,it is of the applied type and in terms of the method of conducting the research , it is a combination that has been done successively in two parts, qualitative and quantitative.First, in the qualitative section , in order to achive the objectives of the research, using semi-structured indepth interviews with 14 experts, specialists and professors in the fild of branding, Islamic branding and marketing, who have been selected by the snow ball method and with using open and central coding of Islamic branding components, including three main components(views and approaches, weaknesses and threat,strengths and opportunities),fifteen sub-components and fifty-one indicators of Islamic were identifie and classified.Then, in a quantitative step, the survey questionnairc was descriptive research method and using cluster sampling method and through the researcher-made questionnaire tool, the opinion of managers and marketing experts in small and medium businesses the Food industry in the country which according to the information obtained from the Ministry of Mining Industry and Trade, 8618 companies are operating, has been collected. The sample size was 364 using cochran’s formula, which was selected by cluster sampling from the statistical population. For quantitative data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and sample T-test Amos software were used.The research findings of the quantitative section indicate that the component of views and approaches had the highest rank among the main components, the conceptual approach is the most important among the views and approaches, the most important strength and apportunity of Islamic teachings, the most important weakness and threat of investment risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - A model for developing disabled tourism in the city of Yazd
Mir Mohhammad Asadi Mehdi Bassouli Yasamin BoroumandzadTraveling always brings with itself a sense of rejuvenation, hope, and abandonment from daily activities. Most experts recommend traveling to the elderly, the disabled, and the veterans. The main issue for disabled people is their being ignored in the Iranian tourism ne MoreTraveling always brings with itself a sense of rejuvenation, hope, and abandonment from daily activities. Most experts recommend traveling to the elderly, the disabled, and the veterans. The main issue for disabled people is their being ignored in the Iranian tourism network. Many urban and public spaces lack the proper facilities and are hard to use. People with disabilities have less or limited opportunities to enjoy tourism activities. Disabled tourism needs particular attention since Yazd was named a World Heritage by UNESCO. This research designed a model of the factors that influenced developing disabled tourism in Yazd. Reviewing the literature, we identified 15 essential factors, which were revised and modified into 13 after interviews with some experts. Using cognitive mapping technique and interpretive structural modeling, we designed a model for essential factors. The results showed that the most critical factors in developing disabled tourism included the role of the government in promoting such tourism, a customized transportation system for the disabled, and security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Assessing Social Entrepreneurship Criteria in Rural Tourism Development: A Case Study of Gilan Province, Iran
Hamed Fallah Tafti Fatemeh Doozandehziabary Asghar NabilIn today’s world, finding practical solutions to deal with rural developments is required for the survival of the villages. On the other hand, many countries consider tourism as the economic driving force, setting as the main strategy in developing appropriate plans for MoreIn today’s world, finding practical solutions to deal with rural developments is required for the survival of the villages. On the other hand, many countries consider tourism as the economic driving force, setting as the main strategy in developing appropriate plans for rural development. To this end, social entrepreneurship and tourism are given specific priority, the promotion of which could prepare the grounds for the development and progress of rural areas. Therefore, considering the fact that social entrepreneurship criteria are of great importance in rural tourism development and that few studies have so far been conducted on the assessment of the effectiveness of such criteria in fulfilling the development goals, this study sought to investigate social entrepreneurship criteria in rural tourism development in Gilan province, Iran. To this end, first, the criteria for social entrepreneurship in tourism were identified by reviewing the related literature. Then, a researcher-developed questionnaire was administered to thirty-five entrepreneurs, experts, and professionals in the field of tourism with at least five years of working experience who were selected via snowball sampling to identify the significance of each criterion with regard to the other ones. Finally, the investigated criteria were ranked using Interpretive structural modeling (ISM). According to the findings of the study, nine levels were identified for the ranking of the investigated criteria, with the ninth level, that is belief in entrepreneurship and the creative use of resources, being the most influential social entrepreneurship criteria involved in rural tourism development in Gilan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Tourism, Tourism development# Religious development#Systematic approach#Interpretive structural modeling (ISM)
Hamid Zargham Boroojeni marjan abdi Seyed Mojtaba Mahmoudzadeh hossein aslipourReligious tourism plays an important role in Iranian cultural and economic sustainability. Due to the special nature of the Iranian political establishment, this type of tourism provides many potentials for tourism development in different parts of Iran. Making the best MoreReligious tourism plays an important role in Iranian cultural and economic sustainability. Due to the special nature of the Iranian political establishment, this type of tourism provides many potentials for tourism development in different parts of Iran. Making the best use of these capacities requires recognition of the barriers and challenges lying ahead of the development of religious tourism. Therefore, this study set out to identify the challenges facing religious tourism, using thematic analysis (TA) and interpretive structural modeling (ISM). Moreover, the relationship model between the influential factors involved in this regard was extracted at three levels via the thematic network. Finally, MICMAC analysis was conducted to measure the influence power and dependence of the factors. The required data were collected through library research and administering a questionnaire on 15 experts familiar with the subject matter who were selected through purposive sampling, out of whom 11 experts completed the questionnaire. The findings of the study indicated that variables such as lack of attention to the chain of providing religious tourism services, lack of programming, policymaking, and monitoring the religious tourism process, and not allocating budget and financial supports for religious tourism development in Iran played essential and key roles in the non-development of this type of tourism. These variables were placed at the third level of the model that affect the second level variables. It was also found that the variables such as inefficient management of religious tourism facilities and services, inefficient management of religious attractions and events, and improper management of religious tourism marketing were dependent variables that were placed at the first level of the model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Investigating the Pattern of Behavioral Factors in Accessible Tourism Development for People with Physical Disabilities: A Case Study of Tehran City
mehdi karoubi Mahmood Ziaee Nazanin FekrizadParticipating in tourism activities is the undeniable right of all society members, including people with disabilities. However, sometimes factors related to people with disabilities or inappropriate social environment for acceptance of these people as community members MoreParticipating in tourism activities is the undeniable right of all society members, including people with disabilities. However, sometimes factors related to people with disabilities or inappropriate social environment for acceptance of these people as community members prevent them from participating in tourism activities. In this regard, this study sought to identify such factors (under the title of behavioral factors) and investigate their role in the development of accessible tourism for people with physical disabilities, using a mixed-methods approach in two stages of qualitative (identifying the behavioral indicators and factors through interviews with experts in the field of tourism and disability) and quantitative (designing a questionnaire based on the indicators obtained from the qualitative stage and distributing them among tourists with disabilities in Tehran). The first stage was conducted using the content analysis method and Maxqda2018 software. The partial least squares method and SmartPLS3 software were used at the second stage. The results of the study indicated that the two main categories of behavioral factors, i.e., "Personal factors" (personal characteristics of people with disabilities and their perception of interaction with the environment) and "interpersonal factors" (public responsibility towards people with disability, community education, the dependency of people with disability on another person's assistant along with the development of positive feelings in these people) affected the development of accessible tourism for people with physical disabilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Investigating the Role of Interpretation in Politics-Cultural Heritage Interaction in Terms of Developing Islamic Republic of Iran’s Cultural Tourism
Mohammad reza salehi pour akbar pourfaraj Seyed Mojtaba Mahmodzadeh Ahmad golmohammadiThe development of cultural tourism depends on the interaction of a wide variety of factors. On the other hand, considering the fact that the process of cultural tourism is influenced by Politics and that cultural heritage is regarded as a constructive source for cultur MoreThe development of cultural tourism depends on the interaction of a wide variety of factors. On the other hand, considering the fact that the process of cultural tourism is influenced by Politics and that cultural heritage is regarded as a constructive source for cultural tourism, it could be argued that the success of cultural tourism is contingent upon the interaction of Politics and cultural heritage, between which interpretation can act as an intervening factor to establish such an interaction, playing different roles in this regard. This study, therefore, sought to investigate the functions of interpretation as a factor that establish an interaction between politics and cultural heritage and identify the status of such functions in this regard to help the IRI’s cultural tourism benefit from them. To this end, such potential functions were identified by reviewing the related literature and analyzing the qualified experts’ opinions as follows: recalling the spatial identity of historical sites, learning from the ancestors’ works and history, altering the politicians' attitudes towards cultural heritage, strengthening national identity, preserving the historical sites’ structure and spirit, bringing the stakeholders of historical sites closer to each other, fighting against racism and ethnocentrism, correcting historical misunderstandings, converging different cultures, and developing mutual understanding between politicians and the public. Moreover, the surveying phase of the study identified the aggregate opinions of experts concerning the priority of the aforementioned functions using the fuzzy Delphi method. The study’s results revealed that recalling the spatial identity of historical sites, strengthening national identity, and preserving the historical sites’ structure and spirit were those potential functions of interpretation in the interaction between politics and cultural tourism in which the experts had the highest consensus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - An analysis of e-tourism implementation factors: A Case Study of the Hamadan province, Iran
Abbas Sadeghi Pouryani Abolfazl Tajzadehnamin alireza slambolchi Mansour Esmaeilpour Ali Asgari SaremIn the new world of tourism, information technology is used to manage tourism destinations, develop business models, and interact with tourists. Thus, in a tourism destination, the alignment of IT-based practical actions needs to be taken into account. This study set ou MoreIn the new world of tourism, information technology is used to manage tourism destinations, develop business models, and interact with tourists. Thus, in a tourism destination, the alignment of IT-based practical actions needs to be taken into account. This study set out to analyze the influential factors involved in implementing e-tourism and develop a useful model in this regard, trying to propose operational actions based on the evaluation scores of the factors in the area under study. These factors were obtained from the related literature using thematic analysis. Moreover, interpretive structural modeling was used to determine the relationships between the factors and complexity reduction. The study’s statistical population comprised Hamadan’s tourism experts who were selected via purposive sampling. The study’s findings showed that out of the eleven factors involved in implementing e-tourism, social factors (governmental laws and policies, public awareness and culture, and sense of trust and justice) were the main driving forces. The dependence of technical factors (IT infrastructures in tourist attractions and destination management organizations) on other factors was found to be greater than the other ones. Moreover, based on the study’s results, specific measures were proposed for implementing information technology in Hamadan’s tourism industry through capital asset acquisition projects, private investment projects, and executive activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Investigating the moderating effect of social capital and environmental uncertainty on entrepreneurial orientation and performance with the mediating role of innovation speed in knowledge-based small and medium enterprises of Razavi Khorasan Province
hossein balouchi Mohammadi Hosseini Seyed Ahmad ehsan mohammadi bajgiranIn today's dynamic environment, having appropriate strategies alone is not enough for organizations and they must be able to coordinate with their environment. It is small and medium companies. This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey in term MoreIn today's dynamic environment, having appropriate strategies alone is not enough for organizations and they must be able to coordinate with their environment. It is small and medium companies. This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey in terms of data collection method. A questionnaire based on standard questionnaires was used to collect data. The statistical population of the research was the managers of small and medium-sized knowledge-based companies in Khorasan Razavi province, which had more than 316 knowledge-based companies operating in Khorasan Razavi province. Based on Cochran's formula, 320 people were considered as samples and completed the questionnaire. Data analysis for both the direct relationship model and the moderator model was done using the structural equation modeling method in Lisrel software. The obtained results showed that entrepreneurial orientation has an effect on company performance and innovation speed. Also, the mediating role of innovation speed in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance was confirmed. In addition, the results confirmed the moderating role of contingent capital and environmental uncertainty in relation to entrepreneurial orientation and company performance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - A consideration of the implications for the interpretation of verse 35 of Surah Ahzab On a model of social development
Ali Asghar SadabadiIndividual excellence and social development, natural need that every man seeks, and dignity of the Holy Quran and the authentic needs of real people. In this study, the researchers in the light of the interpretation and semantics of verse 35 of Surah Ahzab with interpr MoreIndividual excellence and social development, natural need that every man seeks, and dignity of the Holy Quran and the authentic needs of real people. In this study, the researchers in the light of the interpretation and semantics of verse 35 of Surah Ahzab with interpretation method, a system of individual excellence and social developments have raised. In this method, after selecting a verse and reflect on it, meditate in the context of the verse, and finally, reflection takes place at all Syaqh next or previous chapter. And written statements extraction and matching them with the community to discuss the validity and interpretation. Base of the subject, the beginning of this evolutionary movement of Islam; it is meant to serve God and bring down the surrender of his. In this direction, noted that the mention of God, the last of this move of God's forgiveness and a great reward for human development, which will include and without resorting to the Prophet and Prophet's Inmate, moving in the direction of excellence and perfection is not possible and the highest manifestation of God mentioned, appreciate the grandeur and dignity of the Holy Prophet and send blessings upon him and Prophet's Inmate is precious. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - A Study of Effective Contexts in Interpersonal Communication from Quranic Standpoint
نسيبه علماییsonal and situational. The level of effectives of these two contexts depends on the elements and constituents of communication. Hence, in some communications it is the personal context that matters more while in others situational context has greater importance. Ben Moresonal and situational. The level of effectives of these two contexts depends on the elements and constituents of communication. Hence, in some communications it is the personal context that matters more while in others situational context has greater importance. Benefiting from situational and personal contexts is aimed at forming a successful communication in which the message is conveyed accurately and completely and has the optimum effect on the receiver. Using the views of social psychologists in the field of communication, this paper investigates human characteristics and situational factors that are effective in Quranic interpersonal communications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Thematic research methodology in the Holy Quran: the designing a practical method for interdisciplinary researches
Saeed Masoodipoor Mahdi SepehriOne of the gaps in the Islamic human sciences production is the lack of practical research methods that have reliable fundamentals. One of the important resources in Naghl-research in Interdisciplinary is holy Quran. So it is needful to explain methodology for researchi MoreOne of the gaps in the Islamic human sciences production is the lack of practical research methods that have reliable fundamentals. One of the important resources in Naghl-research in Interdisciplinary is holy Quran. So it is needful to explain methodology for researching in holy Quran. This research attempts to introduce thematic research method based on the interpretation of the Quran to Quran known as best approach in the Quran interpretation. First the fundamental of the method was explained and some related subject was presented such as the definition of religion, the relationship between reason and Naghl as components of religion, the relationship between Holy Quran and Sonnet as components of Naghl, the relationship between the problems in the Islamic Human Sciences and conventional Humanities and so on. One of neglect in Naghl-research is improper relationship between domain of Naghl and subjects for research. This makes that the issues which are outside the domain of Naghl survey in Naghl. Finally, some critical points for researching in Naghl were presented and a practical pattern with eight steps for thematic researching in Holy Quran was offered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Classification of Scientific Elucidations of the Holy Quran
shadi nafisiScientific interpretation is one of the methods for interpreting the Holy Quran that has flourished in the contemporary era with numerous works. In this method, the findings of empirical sciences are used to better elucidate the verses of the Quran. Identifying this exp MoreScientific interpretation is one of the methods for interpreting the Holy Quran that has flourished in the contemporary era with numerous works. In this method, the findings of empirical sciences are used to better elucidate the verses of the Quran. Identifying this explanatory role of science can lead to a better understanding of the relation of science and the Quran. This article by employing the analytical-descriptive method, this explanatory role is investigated at three levels: Explaining the concepts of the words of ayahs, explaining the concepts of the sentences of the Quran, and the representing the new referents. While the explanatory role of science can further help human beings have a clearer understanding of religious facts, the scientific interpretations at the level of explaining the words of ayahs, lead to widening or narrowing the meaning, or strengthens one, in the process of preferring one meaning out of multiple meanings possible for one ayah .The elucidating role of scientific data in the study of sentences of the Quran can be classified into seven groups: clarifying the meaning, the basis of resemblance, the basis of division, the process, the reason for specification of the mention, relation and ultimate preference of a possibility. Meanwhile, some of the scientific interpretations seem to be more consistent with the literal meaning of the verse, making the complicated interpretations of the past seem unjustifiable. Moreover, some of the other scientific interpretations widen the scope of the meaning by suggesting a new possible interpretation beside those of the past. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Mechanism (process and methodology) of Interdisciplinary research of Holy Qur’an
Ahmad Akoochekian Rezvane DastjaniQuestioning from methodology of approach research of interdisciplinary is a question about development which, in a systematic view and mechanism contain levels of paradigmatic basics, theoretical, conceptual model, operational and discursive level. Moreover, it would be MoreQuestioning from methodology of approach research of interdisciplinary is a question about development which, in a systematic view and mechanism contain levels of paradigmatic basics, theoretical, conceptual model, operational and discursive level. Moreover, it would be practical in religion via comprehensive system of perception focused on growth-development, in the evolution leadership pattern in two angles of leading comprehensive science and scientific map and with converging on the principal of Velayat Faqih in religion. Furthermore, existing the growth-development expectation from religion, in other words the issue of comprehensive developing, is necessity to have methodological studies of interdisciplinary and multi string based on understanding the progress. Having no alternative, this required three levels of problem ology, theology and forthcoming till with this could utilize from methodology of obtaining in religion and Velayat for managing culture and transition. Passing from approaches of components of knowledge and branch fields to interdisciplinary approaches, especially in Qur’anic studies, wasn’t find its interference paradigm, so this interference paradigm is the knowledge of developing. Furthermore, a reason for inability of entering to knowledgebase is ignoring the interference field. This article with approach of Qur’anic reference (the principal of guided to grow) with utilizing from progressive methodology of responding to a posteriori and research and developing and protective methodologies such as systematic methodology via matrix and algorithmic process tries with expanding Qur’anic thoughts for development (knowledge basis of interpretational Qur’anic school) achieve a methodological aspect of futurist research of Qur’anic developing through better ordering three system of ordinal, revelation and subjective futurist interpretation. In view of that, the article would discuss this interpretational school for modulation of basic model of Islamic developing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Frequency survey of motive components of progress in elementary books with emphasizing on Quranic trainingsand interpretations
mozhde alizadehDiscovering motive components of progress from Islamic trainings’ texts and utilizing them in training books is an important issue for developing and success of students. Thus the aim of this research is to examine frequency survey of motive components of progress in El MoreDiscovering motive components of progress from Islamic trainings’ texts and utilizing them in training books is an important issue for developing and success of students. Thus the aim of this research is to examine frequency survey of motive components of progress in Elementary books of Farsi and Heavenly gifts (new editions of 1393-1395) with emphasizing on Qur’anic trainings and interpretations. Moreover, the method of research is content analysis. Analysis method of data is descriptive statistic. Therefore, statistical society also are elementary books of Farsi and Heavenly gifts. The statistic samples also was the statistic society. The tools of research were list of content analysis which, its narration was confirmed by religious experts and scholars. Therefore, the results of this research proofs that the said books were averagely pay attention to motivation of progress. In this case the most attention was in Farsi book of Elementary third grade and Heavenly gifts of Elementary sixth grade, and the less attention was in Farsi book of Elementary first grade and Heavenly gifts of Elementary second grade. Furthermore, from motive components of progress the most attention were goes to faith in God, trust in God, praying and then components of patience, resistance and endurance and hard working. Also, the less attention were belong to components of self-controlling, competition (in scientific and sport fields) and responsibility (accepting responsibility of our mistakes and behaviors). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Necessity and Possibility of Judicial Supervision over Security Council’s Performance in UN Legal System
حسین شریفی طرازکوهی ساسان مدرس سبزواریThe issue of judicial supervision over the Security Council has two different, but interrelated aspects. First of all, the “necessity” of such supervision should be discussed. The present article assumes that the Security Council should be committed to the principles of MoreThe issue of judicial supervision over the Security Council has two different, but interrelated aspects. First of all, the “necessity” of such supervision should be discussed. The present article assumes that the Security Council should be committed to the principles of international law, the goals of the United Nations, sovereign rights of member states, fundamental human rights guarantees, as well as the basic structure for the division of powers among various organs of the UN. Then it studies the Security Council’s procedure to show that this institution has been frequently found in violation of the aforesaid legal bounds. Security Council’s inattention to the limits of its powers can cast doubts on credibility of the entire UN system. It has been also shown that the “necessity” of judicial supervision can be proven on the basis of the requirements of the “rule of law.” Another aspect of this issue is the “possibility” of judicial supervision in view of the current state of international law. The present paper has shown that although the Charter of the United Nations has remained silent on this issue, it can be confirmed if final goals of this document are taken as basis for its interpretation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - The Role of Strategic Language in the Interpretation of International Legal Texts and instruments
Ali Mashhadi Seyed Mohammad Hoosein MirzadehNowadays, strategic using of language in the interpretation of texts and instruments in international law has been examined by the scholars of interdisciplinary studies. Along these lines, we can consider the usefulness of cognitive - pragmatic framing in studying legal MoreNowadays, strategic using of language in the interpretation of texts and instruments in international law has been examined by the scholars of interdisciplinary studies. Along these lines, we can consider the usefulness of cognitive - pragmatic framing in studying legal interpretation. In cognitive framing, the question is that whether there is any relationship between strategic studies and international law texts. This article while examining this question claims that cognitive framing and strategic use of language have to do with how documents in international law are interpreted. For instance, the term “liberalization” stands for “military intervention” or "border wall" is used instead of "security fence". The strategic use of language shows that states are able to imply positive or negative framings to the minds of their audience and influence the interpretation of international legal texts and instruments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Designing a Model of Women's Social Participation with an Interpretive Structural Approach
Marjan Nory reza ali mohseni gholamreza khoshfarParticipation is a right that must be provided for all and is one of the important foundations of social relations, and women, as half of the population, can play an important role in the development of societies through social participation. Therefore, the aim of this MoreParticipation is a right that must be provided for all and is one of the important foundations of social relations, and women, as half of the population, can play an important role in the development of societies through social participation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design a model of women's social participation with an interpretive structural approach. The present research is applied and based on the method, descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included 10 university experts in Golestan province in the field of sociology. In the first step, interviews with experts were used to identify the components of social participation, and in the second step, interpretive structural modeling with Excel software was used to design the model. The results showed that the model of social participation has two levels, which are components (social cohesion, social status, hope for the future, social status, social security, populism, social awareness, self-confidence, lifestyle, social class, use of mass media, Job status, democratic family structure, income level, education and marriage) were in the first level and the component (age) was in the second level and all components were in the link cluster. Finally, it can be said that the basis of women's social participation in Golestan province is the age component Participation is a right that must be provided for all and is one of the important foundations of social relations, and women, as half of the population, can play an important role in the development of societies through social participation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design a model of women's social participation with an interpretive structural approach. The present research is applied and based on the method, descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included 10 university experts in Golestan province in the field of sociology. In the first step, interviews with experts were used to identify the components of social participation, and in the second step, interpretive structural modeling with Excel software was used to design the model. The results showed that the model of social participation has two levels, which are components (social cohesion, social status, hope for the future, social status, social security, populism, social awareness, self-confidence, lifestyle, social class, use of mass media, Job status, democratic family structure, income level, education and marriage) were in the first level and the component (age) was in the second level and all components were in the link cluster. Finally, it can be said that the basis of women's social participation in Golestan province is the age component.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Provide a Model for the Development of Sports Tourism with an Emphasis on Entrepreneurial Marketing
Mohammad mahdi Gorzin parviz saeidi سید محمدرضا حسینی zeinolabedin fallahToday, many development policy makers refer to tourism as the main pillar of the economic development of societies. The development of tourism as a type of invisible export will increase tax revenues, exports and economic growth of countries. Sports tourism is one of th MoreToday, many development policy makers refer to tourism as the main pillar of the economic development of societies. The development of tourism as a type of invisible export will increase tax revenues, exports and economic growth of countries. Sports tourism is one of the fastest developing sectors in the tourism industry. The purpose of the current research was to provide a model of sports tourism development with an emphasis on entrepreneurial marketing in the northern provinces of Iran. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation based on the method. In the first step, the factors affecting the development of sports tourism were identified with an emphasis on entrepreneurial marketing through interviews with 11 academic experts. The output of this step was 31 components in 7 dimensions format. Then, in the second step, the identified dimensions were leveled with interpretive structural modeling method and clustered with Micmac analysis, which was analyzed using Excel software. The results showed that the dimension of value creation is at the first level and the dimensions (progressiveness, focus on innovation, opportunity-oriented, customer orientation, leveraging resources) are at the second level, and the dimension of risk management is at the third level, and the dimension of value creation is in the dependent cluster, dimensions ( Being a leader, focusing on innovation, opportunity-oriented, customer orientation, leveraging resources) are placed in the connected cluster and risk management dimension in the independent cluster. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Modeling Cloud Accounting Risk Reduction Strategies with a Structural-Interpretive Approach
sakineh tajari Ali Khozein majid ashrafi Jamadverdi Gorganli DavajiCloud accounting not only introduces specific risks to the accounting process, but also some of the known risks associated with other cloud-based applications. Considering the great importance of risk reduction strategies in accepting cloud accounting, the aim of this s MoreCloud accounting not only introduces specific risks to the accounting process, but also some of the known risks associated with other cloud-based applications. Considering the great importance of risk reduction strategies in accepting cloud accounting, the aim of this study is to investigate the strategies for reducing cloud accounting risks in Iran using structural-interpretive modeling. the research methodology is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods that are used to collect the components of strategies for reducing cloud accounting risks from a qualitative method by examining theoretical foundations and performing fuzzy Delphi analysis with the participation of 16 accounting faculty members as experts. In a small part, through the formation of its own structural interaction matrix, it seeks structural-interpretive modeling, which has been done in this part with the participation of 12 faculty members in the field of accounting. the results show that the most basic strategies to reduce cloud accounting risks are based on the prioritization of the acceptance plan. Also at the highest level and least effective strategies to reduce the risks of cloud accounting is to provide timely and adequate training for employees. the most important strategy is to reduce the risks of cloud accounting and should be considered more than other strategies. research findings can fill the research gap in the field of cloud accounting and be useful for managers in decision making. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Investigating the moral and social effects of divorce in popular jurisprudence
abdolhamid navardi aboalghasem asi moznab Ahmad sadeghianGod has made permanent marriage a priority for man compared to broken marriage. Mut'ah is a kind of legitimate marriage in Islam, which provides a good solution to prevent social problems, and its position is specified in verse 24 of Surah An-Nisa '. In order to acknowl MoreGod has made permanent marriage a priority for man compared to broken marriage. Mut'ah is a kind of legitimate marriage in Islam, which provides a good solution to prevent social problems, and its position is specified in verse 24 of Surah An-Nisa '. In order to acknowledge its legitimacy from the point of view of Shiites and Sunnis, forty commentaries on jurisprudential, legal and educational issues were selected from the commentators of the Qur'an through the library method and bibliographic review of 183 commentaries. Due to the incorrect understanding of the jurisprudential and moral nature of mut'ah (temporary marriage) in society, this institution is not used in its constructive direction. Also, our laws regarding some of its special rulings are incomplete, vague and sometimes silent, and in these rulings, there are differences of opinion in jurisprudence that long-term temporary marriage is one of these cases. ) Fought against the boycott order due to the prohibition of the government by the second caliph; Because its absolute prohibition had no religious justification. In this article, mut'ah is examined from the point of view of popular jurisprudence from the point of view of the government, and while addressing the documents related to the principle of mut'ah legitimacy, which may play a role in comparative and controversial issues, the ruling on temporary marriage is discussed in terms of abrogation or prohibition. Because the Sunnis claim the abrogation or prohibition of this type of marriage using government authority. It has also been suggested that the Islamic government should, based on its interests, according to time and place, impose restrictions and conditions to prevent the occurrence of moral problems arising from it, and at the same time, provide the ground for its rational use. Temporary marriage, if exposed to permanent marriage, also eliminates the risk of the family foundation collapsing or not forming. Despite the context of the verse and the initial legitimacy of the ruling regarding the slaves and men of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, this moral ruling was extended to other members of society; And while examining wisdom, philosophy and its status, the cases that have been recommended to be allowed; Including the position of mut'ah in war, long journeys and the preservation of chastity and mental health, and the cases in which it has been recommended not to allow it; Threats to the family system, sexual diversity, and Shiite religiosity were described. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Integration of petrophysical and Seismic data: an Attempt to Geological model, Ilam reservoir oil field, Sirri District , in the Persian Gulf.
Alireza BashariIlam Formation is deposited at the late Cretaceous (Santonian) in a neritic/pelagic environment. Following the Ilam deposition, a general deepening has occurred and the Gurpi formation (shaly layer) was deposited. Ilam has thickness variation between 75-110m and st MoreIlam Formation is deposited at the late Cretaceous (Santonian) in a neritic/pelagic environment. Following the Ilam deposition, a general deepening has occurred and the Gurpi formation (shaly layer) was deposited. Ilam has thickness variation between 75-110m and structure has created as a result of upward movement of deep seated salt. Ilam reservoir in this field is regarded as a secondary hydrocarbon potential, and since now, no oil has been produced from this horizon. petrophysical and Seismic interpretation has been done for the Ilam reservoir, the geological models (structural and property models) are generated, with both deterministic and stochastic approaches. The seismic attributes as secondary variables, improved the kriging and Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) algorithm results for modeling of Ilam. This study reveals that Water Saturation is generally high, indicating that Ilam reservoir has low hydrocarbon potential, within the five reservoir potential zones, the zone 5 indicated a good original oil in place potential, especially in the western and central parts of the field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - A Horizon for Sentiment Analysis in Social Networks based on Interpreting Contents
Maryam Tayefeh Mahmoudi َAmirmansour Yadegari Parvin Ahmadi Kambiz BadieInterpreting contents in social networks with the aim of analyzing the sentiment of their narrators is of particular significance. In this paper, we present a framework for such a purpose, which is able to classify the messages hidden in contents based on using some rul MoreInterpreting contents in social networks with the aim of analyzing the sentiment of their narrators is of particular significance. In this paper, we present a framework for such a purpose, which is able to classify the messages hidden in contents based on using some rule-type protocols with high abstraction level. According to this framework, items such as prosodic of a content's narrator, context of disseminating a content and the key propositions in a content's text are regarded in the condition part of a protocol, while the possible classes for the message in a content are considered as its action part. It is to be noted that the proposed rule-type protocols can equally be used for other languages due to the generic-ness of the above-mentioned items. Results of computer simulations on a variety of different contents in the social networks show that the proposed framework is sufficiently capable of analyzing the sentiment of the contents' narrators in these networks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Presenting the structural model of the green human resource management implementation process using the fuzzy interpretive structural modeling method
mohammadhossein kabgani,Green human resources management, as a strong tool that takes the role of human factors, can help organizations to fulfill their social responsibilities in order to protect the environment. This research has been carried out with the aim of systematically reviewing prev MoreGreen human resources management, as a strong tool that takes the role of human factors, can help organizations to fulfill their social responsibilities in order to protect the environment. This research has been carried out with the aim of systematically reviewing previous researches in the field of green human resources management, as well as identifying key elements and providing a structural model to implement the green human resources management process in the chemical and petrochemical industries of Bushehr province. By studying thematic literature and using the textual content analysis approach, six basic indicators were counted, and in order to localize them in order to implement green human resources management in the chemical and petrochemical industries, the Delphi technique was used in three rounds. The statistical population of the research was formed by managers and experts familiar with the subject and working in the field of petrochemical industries. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, and its validity and reliability were also confirmed. In order to design the structural model of the effective indicators for the implementation of the green human resources management process, the interpretive structural modeling approach in the fuzzy environment was used to manage linguistic ambiguities in judgments. The results of the modeling and analysis of Mik Mak showed that individual, group and organizational indicators are among the basic and influential indicators in the field of Sabza's human resources management; Therefore, managers are suggested to emphasize and pay more attention to this group of indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Designing a Model of Women's Social Participation with an Interpretive Structural Approach
رضاعلی محسنی Gholamreza Khoshfar مرجان نوریMarjan Nory Rezaali Mohseni Gholamreza Khoshfar Abstract Participation is a right that must be provided for all and is one of the important foundations of social relations, and women, as half of the population, can play an important role in the development of MoreMarjan Nory Rezaali Mohseni Gholamreza Khoshfar Abstract Participation is a right that must be provided for all and is one of the important foundations of social relations, and women, as half of the population, can play an important role in the development of societies through social participation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design a model of women's social participation with an interpretive structural approach. The present research is applied and based on the method, descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included 10 university experts in Golestan province in the field of sociology. In the first step, interviews with experts were used to identify the components of social participation, and in the second step, interpretive structural modeling with Excel software was used to design the model. The results showed that the model of social participation has two levels, which are components (social cohesion, social status, hope for the future, social status, social security, populism, social awareness, self-confidence, lifestyle, social class, use of mass media, Job status, democratic family structure, income level, education and marriage) were in the first level and the component (age) was in the second level and all components were in the link cluster. Finally, it can be said that the basis of women's social participation in Golestan province is the age component. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Provide a Model for the Development of Sports Tourism with an Emphasis on Entrepreneurial Marketing
Mohammad mahdi Gorzin پرویز سعیدی zeinolabedin fallahM.M.Gorzin P.Saeedi S.M.R.Hosseini Z.Fallah Abstract Today, many development policy makers refer to tourism as the main pillar of the economic development of societies. The development of tourism as a type of invisible export will increase tax revenues, e MoreM.M.Gorzin P.Saeedi S.M.R.Hosseini Z.Fallah Abstract Today, many development policy makers refer to tourism as the main pillar of the economic development of societies. The development of tourism as a type of invisible export will increase tax revenues, exports and economic growth of countries. Sports tourism is one of the fastest developing sectors in the tourism industry. The purpose of the current research was to provide a model of sports tourism development with an emphasis on entrepreneurial marketing in the northern provinces of Iran. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation based on the method. In the first step, the factors affecting the development of sports tourism were identified with an emphasis on entrepreneurial marketing through interviews with 11 academic experts. The output of this step was 31 components in 7 dimensions format. Then, in the second step, the identified dimensions were leveled with interpretive structural modeling method and clustered with Micmac analysis, which was analyzed using Excel software. The results showed that the dimension of value creation is at the first level and the dimensions (progressiveness, focus on innovation, opportunity-oriented, customer orientation, leveraging resources) are at the second level, and the dimension of risk management is at the third level, and the dimension of value creation is in the dependent cluster, dimensions ( Being a leader, focusing on innovation, opportunity-oriented, customer orientation, leveraging resources) are placed in the connected cluster and risk management dimension in the independent cluster. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Investigating the Sociological Causes of the Tendency to Use Mobile Social Networks
Saeed Mohammadi Sadegh hossein ebrahimSocial networks have a significant impact on the collective and individual lives of people, and the amount and scope of their use increases every day. Social factors are among the most decisive factors in the field of using these types of networks. Therefore, in this re MoreSocial networks have a significant impact on the collective and individual lives of people, and the amount and scope of their use increases every day. Social factors are among the most decisive factors in the field of using these types of networks. Therefore, in this research, an attempt has been made to study the effect of these types of factors including family, friends, relatives, ethnicity, media and social base on the use of social networks and its effect on the interpersonal and family relationships of Zahedan youth. The method of this research is the survey and the method of gathering information using a structured interview-based questionnaire tool, and the sample size is 300 people. In order to extract the data of this research from spss software and to analyze the data from the statistical tests of analysis of variance, the correlation coefficient was used for the intensity of the link between the variables along with the significance level of the test (sig). This research aims to answer the questions of how much the youth of Zahedan use mobile social networks? And what are the social factors affecting the use of these mobile social networks by the youth of Zahedan. The results of this research showed that: 49% of respondents use mobile social networks. Social factors such as: interpersonal relationships, family and family relationships, etc. can predict a total of 88.2% of the variance of the dependent variable, i.e. the use of mobile social networks Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Comparison of anger rumination and interpersonal conflict in employees with and without depressive disorder symptoms
Mehdi Zohravand Zahra Rezaei parviz sabahi<p>The aim of the present study was to compare the rumination of anger and interpersonal conflict in the workplace between employees with and without depression symptoms. The present research method was descriptive and causal-comparative and practical in terms of its pu More<p>The aim of the present study was to compare the rumination of anger and interpersonal conflict in the workplace between employees with and without depression symptoms. The present research method was descriptive and causal-comparative and practical in terms of its purpose. The target population was all the employees of Arak University, Islamic Azad University of Arak Branch and Payam Noor University of Arak in 1400. Based on available sampling method, 112 people were selected and placed in two groups of 56 people with and without depression symptoms. The data were analyzed through multivariate variance analysis and SPSS-23 statistical software. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the components of thoughts of anger, thoughts of revenge, memories of anger and conflict with colleagues between the two groups with and without depression symptoms. So that the group with depression symptoms had obtained higher scores of all these components than the group without depression symptoms. There was no significant difference between these two groups between the two components of knowing the causes and conflict with the supervisor (p<0.05). It can be said that by identifying factors affecting depression in the workplace (such as anger and conflicts in the workplace), depression in employees can be prevented.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Ruling Divorce: Quranic Principles and Reasons
Seyyed MohammadKazem Hoseini Faezeh MoghtadaeeWomen's Rights and the Issue of Women's Rights in Divorce in the commentaries on verses 228 to 241 of Surah Al-Baqarah, there are common concepts and interpretations between Shiite and Sunni jurists. The two well-known concepts of abstinence in the interpretations of th MoreWomen's Rights and the Issue of Women's Rights in Divorce in the commentaries on verses 228 to 241 of Surah Al-Baqarah, there are common concepts and interpretations between Shiite and Sunni jurists. The two well-known concepts of abstinence in the interpretations of the differences refer to the divorce of the Shari'a and the right of a woman to divorce in times of hardship. The famous word is used 38 times in the Holy Quran, 15 of which are related to family and marriage. In verses 228 to 241 of Surah Al-Baqarah, the famous word is repeated 12 times and emphasizes the importance of rulings such as' iddah, divorce, breastfeeding, etc., so that it does not exceed the shari'ah limits and is treated according to the famous (confirmation of sharia and custom). The legal provisions of the Civil Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran are also taken from the verses related to divorce and include the well-known principles in women's rights and divorce and allow the rulers to issue a divorce decree if the conditions for this type of divorce are approved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Interpretation, Correction and Revision, Supplementary Decisions, Recognition and Enforement of Arbitration’s Award Under Iran’s Law and UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules
Ehsan AbbasiSince Arbitration is one of the most efficient and modern ways to settle a dispute, particularly those of commercial lawsuits, in view of the fact that our country is considered consumer and developing, it seems essential that jurists must become familiar with laws and MoreSince Arbitration is one of the most efficient and modern ways to settle a dispute, particularly those of commercial lawsuits, in view of the fact that our country is considered consumer and developing, it seems essential that jurists must become familiar with laws and regulations of arbitration. This was not an area under discussion by researchers; in fact, one would say there is almost no independent study for arbitration here. This article has a descriptive-analytical approach using library method to examine the questions. The findings in this research show International Commercial Arbitration Bill follows the Model Commercial Arbitration Bill; it forms rules about interpretation, correction, revision, recognition and enforcement of arbitration’s award which is the innovations of new law. Arbitration’s award has different aspects; one is interpretation, correction and revision, supplementary decisions, recognition and enforcement of an award. Exploring the issue may raise some questions; what would be the referring text for interpretation, correction and revision, supplementary decisions, recognition and enforcement of arbitration’s award under Iran’s law and UNCITRAL arbitration rules? What qualification would be needed to be met for that? What approach would be the approach of arbitration’s award under Iran’s law and UNCITRAL arbitration rules? How would be the recognition and enforcement of an award under Iran’s law and UNCITRAL arbitration rules? This article tries to analyze and answer these questions and some more. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - A Learning Framework for Knowledge-Based Enterprises: A Meta-Synthesis
Alireza javanbakht Nahid Naderibeni Jabar Babashahi Saeid Safaei MovahhedIn knowledge-based enterprises, the main capital is knowledge, and it is necessary to benefit from this capital by having knowledgeable employees who are lifelong learners. However, traditional learning approaches do not meet the needs of these enterprises. Based on thi MoreIn knowledge-based enterprises, the main capital is knowledge, and it is necessary to benefit from this capital by having knowledgeable employees who are lifelong learners. However, traditional learning approaches do not meet the needs of these enterprises. Based on this, the aim of the present study was to provide a suitable learning framework for knowledge-based enterprises. In order to achieve this goal, the meta-synthesis qualitative method of selection and in-depth analysis of the subject literature were employed based on the seven steps of Sandolowski and Barso. By reviewing the literature, 250 identified sources were analyzed using meta-synthesis method. The results indicated that the components of extra-organizational environment, organizational environment, the essence of knowledge-based enterprises and learning approaches are important aspects of the learning framework of knowledge-based enterprises. Each of these components included sub-components that affect learning in knowledge-based enterprises; therefore, considering the sub-components in the turbulent extra-organizational environment, the organizational environment is affected by the emphasis on agile structure, open culture, collaborative culture, organic job design and independent work space. The essence of knowledge-based enterprises was formed around the orientations including expertise, innovation, team, learning, communication and knowledge. Finally, the three learning approaches of interest in knowledge-based enterprises included experiential learning, self-directed learning, and collaborative learning, which in the literature were the most suitable for this kind of enterprises. Therefore, it can be concluded that paying attention to the identified components along with its sub-components could play an important role in formulating a suitable learning framework for knowledge-based enterprises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Evaluation of Interpolation Methods for Estimating the Fading Channels in Digital TV Broadcasting
Ali Pouladsadeh Mohammadali SebghatiVariations in telecommunication channels is a challenge of the wireless communication which makes the channel estimation and equalization a noteworthy issue. In OFDM systems, some subcarriers can be considered as pilots for channel estimation. In the pilot-aided channel MoreVariations in telecommunication channels is a challenge of the wireless communication which makes the channel estimation and equalization a noteworthy issue. In OFDM systems, some subcarriers can be considered as pilots for channel estimation. In the pilot-aided channel estimation procedure, interpolation is an essential step to achieve channel response in data subcarriers. Choosing the best interpolation method has been the subject of various researches, because there is no interpolator as the best method in all conditions, and their performance depends on the fading model, signal-to-noise ratio and pilot overhead ratio. In this paper, the effect of different interpolation methods on the quality of DVB-T2 broadcast links is evaluated. A simulation platform is prepared in which different channel models are defined according to the real-world measurements. The interpolation is performed by five widely-used methods (nearest neighbor, linear, cubic, spline, and Makima) for different pilot ratios. After channel equalization by the results of the interpolator, the bit error rate is calculated as the main criterion for evaluation and comparison. The rules of selecting the appropriate interpolator in different conditions is presented. It is generally concluded that for fading scenarios close to flat fading or high pilot overhead ratio, the simple interpolators such as linear interpolator are proper choices. But in harsh conditions, i.e. severe frequency-selective fading channels or low pilot overhead ratio, the more complicated interpolators such as cubic and spline methods yield better results. The amount of improvements and differences are quantified in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - The lived experience of single-child adolescent in interpersonal interactions
hossein borujerdi abbas javaheri Yaser Madani<p>The purpose of the present research was to identify and explain the lived experience of single-child adolescent. This qualitative research was conducted in a phenomenological way with purposeful sampling through semi-structured interviews. The statistical population More<p>The purpose of the present research was to identify and explain the lived experience of single-child adolescent. This qualitative research was conducted in a phenomenological way with purposeful sampling through semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of the current study was single-child adolescent living in Tehran. The process of interviews continued until the saturation of the data was reached 14 participants. The method chosen for the analysis of the obtained data was the seven-step Claysey method. The findings of the present research provide four main categories of self-perception, interpersonal factors in the family, interpersonal factors with friends and interpersonal factors in school. We have 8 sub-categories obtained from this research. Also, 55 conceptual structures were among other findings of this research. The results of the present study showed that although single parenthood is a period that can bring benefits to individuals, especially teenagers, but in practice single parent teenagers have faced many challenges and issues. It seems that mental health experts can gain a deeper and better understanding of single-child teenagers by using the results of this research.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Factors Influencing the Restructuring of Women's Social Identity with a Comprehensive Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach
neda khodakaramiangilan mohsen niazi<p>In contemporary societies, factors such as industrialization, technological development, economic expansion, investment, and communication development have transformed the symbolic framework of individuals' lives. In such circumstances, individuals need identity; thr More<p>In contemporary societies, factors such as industrialization, technological development, economic expansion, investment, and communication development have transformed the symbolic framework of individuals' lives. In such circumstances, individuals need identity; through identity, complexity and the speed of social changes can be mitigated, enabling humans to create relative order in their lives and surroundings. In this research, the investigator aims to design a model consisting of factors influencing the restructuring of women's social identity using the comprehensive interpretive structural modeling method. The present research is descriptive-analytical, and the study population includes university experts, with 24 members selected purposefully from the faculty, doctoral graduates, and doctoral students in the fields of sociology and psychology. The designed model encompasses 11 factors: women's awareness of their position in society, conflicting identities, inclination toward gender equality, individual life orientation, universities and higher education centers, prevalence of stereotypical beliefs, challenges in coordinating traditional and new roles, social spaces, generational changes, reconsideration of identity, modernity, and identity inconsistency. Among the examined factors, challenges in coordinating traditional and new roles, reconsideration of cultural identity, prevalence of gender stereotypes, and conflicting identities are identified as pivotal factors in shaping the restructuring of women's social identity. These factors lead to women's awareness of their position in society, inclination toward gender equality, the role of universities and higher education centers, identity inconsistency, modernity, and social spaces. Ultimately, generational changes will be the outcome.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Comparing Imam Khomeini's (RA) interpretation of Surah Hamad with Allameh Tabataba'i
Aqila Musa Nia Ali Akbar Afrasiab pour maryam BakhtiarThe most important source of Islamic religious teachings is the Qur'an, whose interpretation and study of chapters and verses has been the focus of discussion in scientific and religious circles since the beginning of Islam. One of the most important surahs of the Qur'a MoreThe most important source of Islamic religious teachings is the Qur'an, whose interpretation and study of chapters and verses has been the focus of discussion in scientific and religious circles since the beginning of Islam. One of the most important surahs of the Qur'an is surah Hamd, which religious scholars and commentators, even if they have not interpreted all the chpters and verses of the Qur'an, have paid special attention to the interpretation of this chapter and explained it with various methods. Imam Khomeini as one of the influential personalities in the last century and Allameh Tabatabai, one of the prominent commentators of the Holy Quran, have been considered in various ways and one of the prominent examples of Imam Khomeini's works is the interpretation of Artistic interpretation of Surah Hamad. In this research, which is in the form of library, analytical and descriptive methods, the characteristics of Imam Tafsir's interpretation in this field are examined and the differences between their interpretations and Allameh Tabatabai's interpretations are explained. One of their differences is the different methods of interpretation in this surah. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Geochemistry of Central part of the Neo-Tethys Suture zone serpentinites (From NW Iran to Iraqi Zagros and Eastern Anatoly)
monir modjarrad Mohsen MoayyedThe subduction and closure of the vast Neo-Tethys ocean between the Arabian and Eurasian plates has left numerous ophiolitic traces, the unique position of Iran in its central part is noticeable. The lack of information, right on the border of Iran with Iraq and Turke MoreThe subduction and closure of the vast Neo-Tethys ocean between the Arabian and Eurasian plates has left numerous ophiolitic traces, the unique position of Iran in its central part is noticeable. The lack of information, right on the border of Iran with Iraq and Turkey, due to security considerations, has so far prevented the overview of this suture zone in the northwestern border of Iran. Adding Gysian ophiolite in southern Urmia as a missing link in this stretch can partially cover this lack of information. A comparative study of whole rock chemistry of serpentinites in the central part of the Neo-Tethys ophiolites, considering several sectors from Iran (Kamyaran, Marivan and Gysian), Iraq (Penjwin and Mawat) and Turkey (Guleman and Osmanie) in this article, indicates that they belong to subducted serpentinites, whether they were originally formed in the fore-arc environment or the at abyssal oceanic environment. Composition of the serpentinites of the central part of the suture zone is similar to the average global serpentinites which have mostly lizardite/chrysotile. All of them show depletion of Mg resulting sea floor alteration during serpentinization. The mentioned point may be caused to data deviation from abyssal peridotites field. Considering that the transition metals contents the confirmed the above setting. Almost all of the studied serpentinites are from subducted type which indicates refertilization of LILE evidences as a result of rock/fluid interaction through serpentinization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - A Framework for Sentiment Analysis in Social Networks based on Interpreting Contents
Maryam Tayfeh-Mahmoudi َAmirmansour Yadegari Parvin Ahmadi kambiz badieInterpreting contents with the aim of analyzing the sentiment of their narrators in social networks, holds a high significance due to the role of a content in disseminating information to the corresponding human groups. In this paper, we propose a framework for analyzin MoreInterpreting contents with the aim of analyzing the sentiment of their narrators in social networks, holds a high significance due to the role of a content in disseminating information to the corresponding human groups. In this paper, we propose a framework for analyzing sentiment on complex contents in a social network according to which a set of if-then type rules defined at high abstraction level, would be able to classify the messages behind these contents. According to this framework, items such as prosodic, context and key propositions are considered in the condition part of a rule and possible classes of message are taken into account in a rule’s action part. It is to be noted that the rules proposed for interpreting a content do not depend on the considered language due to the very inherent property of the items which are considered in interpretation. Results of experiments on a wide range of different contents in a social network support the fact that the proposed framework is sufficiently capable of analyzing the sentiments of contents’ narrators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - A reflection on the interpretation of similar verses in Shia commentary texts
Muhaddith Taqvai Nakhjiri Seyyed Taghi Kabiri Fatemeh Khalili<p>Dividing the verses of the Qur'an into strong and similar has been the preparation of the holy law in the seventh blessed verse of Surah Al-Imran. But this separation in the beginning set the stage for different opinions and opinions about the interpretation and inte More<p>Dividing the verses of the Qur'an into strong and similar has been the preparation of the holy law in the seventh blessed verse of Surah Al-Imran. But this separation in the beginning set the stage for different opinions and opinions about the interpretation and interpretation of similar verses. Courts are not subject to such sensitivity due to the direct, emphatic and explicit reference. But considering the hidden religious, religious, epistemological and scientific characteristics in similar verses, research on these verses is always necessary and important. Understanding the importance of this issue, the present research, using a qualitative method and based on descriptive-analytical approach, has discussed some considerations about the interpretation of similar verses in Shiite exegetical texts. The results of the discussion show that, first of all, most commentators of the Qur'an try to base the interpretation of the parallels on the basis of what is clearly and strictly defined in the verses. Also, some of these interpretations, according to the mystical, philosophical or religious epistemology they are inclined towards, try to reveal the metaphorical and figurative forms that are hidden in the heart of these verses with such tendencies. Reflecting on the type of similarity that exists in these verses is a common feature of all exegetical texts, that is, they pay special attention to the reason for the similarity based on whether it is appropriate, complete, or difficult.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Examining the status of Imam Masoum from the perspective of the inner world
Tayyebeh me’mariyan Ma’someh Alsadat hosseini mirsafi mohamadreza shirazi<p>Imamate is the first controversial issue in the history of Islam. After the death of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), sects and categories emerged among Muslims, among which esotericism was one of the main characteristics of Ismailia among Islamic sects and sects. The main q More<p>Imamate is the first controversial issue in the history of Islam. After the death of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), sects and categories emerged among Muslims, among which esotericism was one of the main characteristics of Ismailia among Islamic sects and sects. The main question of the research is: What are the esoteric thoughts about Imam Masoom? In the esoteric thought, the imam is the absolute representative of God in religious and non-religious matters (outward and inward), and the interpretation of the Qur'an is reserved for the infallible imam, and any kind of learning related to the Sharia or beliefs is possible only through the imam or his representative. The findings of this research show that by examining the early formation and evolution of this religion and the historical conditions affecting it, the reasons and trends of Ismailia's tendency towards esotericism emerged. In the same period, according to the requirements of the discourse governing the Islamic society, the Ismailis decided to present evidence from the Qur'an and the Sunnah to prove their religious and political claims. Therefore, they investigated the position of the infallible Imam in the Qur'an and stated that the words of the Qur'an have an inner meaning that only a few know.</p> Manuscript profile
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