City

Open Access Article

1 - Analysis of the realization of the implementation of the child-friendly cities (cfc) case study:shiraz city
Farzaneh Salami

The concept of Child Friendly city is based on a sysem in which attention is paid too children s rights and polices and laws, programs and budget based on the needs of children cities reflect.Child-friendly design centers by the (UNICEF) human settlements program(HABITA More

The concept of Child Friendly city is based on a sysem in which attention is paid too children s rights and polices and laws, programs and budget based on the needs of children cities reflect.Child-friendly design centers by the (UNICEF) human settlements program(HABITAT)was founded in 1996.The purpose of this plan, the implementtition of the(CRC) at a level where we had the greatest impact on children. The purpose of this research is aimed at the realization of child-friendly cities in shiraz accepted,The methodology of this paper is descriptive in parallel,data collection haar data using a questionnaire and the population of both city managers,specialists and experts in urban and parents living in shiraz.Based on pearson correlation, shiraz all components of defined showed none of the items participation of children, the legal framework prtner of the child, comprehensive strategy rights of the child yamkanysm coordinated, systematic evaluation and assessment of the impact of legislation on children budgets,report on the status of children in urban, independent of the rights of children and protect children 3 and older not mean this show partially in shiraz in terms of the principles of friendly child was not favorable, analysis was performed based on multivariate regression model, in the city shiraz, the indicators rights of children as the most important and effective variables prediction kntdh friendly city children coefficient of the highest rsnk 0.426. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Analysis of the strategic position of the tourism industry in Takab
Mahdi Ebrahimi amirhossein tayyebi

Planners and development policymakers mention tourism as the main pillar of development in different countries. Today, tourism can create employment, increase income and ultimately prosperity and improve the livelihoods of the people. This research, which aims to determ More

Planners and development policymakers mention tourism as the main pillar of development in different countries. Today, tourism can create employment, increase income and ultimately prosperity and improve the livelihoods of the people. This research, which aims to determine the strategic position of the tourism industry in Takab, is an applied research and Delphi descriptive research method. The model used in the research is a comprehensive strategic management model based on SWOT technique. Research data was collected using the Delphi technique from 16 experts, officials and administrators of the tourism area of Takab city and analyzed. In the results section, while outlining the vision, mission and objectives of the proposed development, the results of the evaluation of internal and external factors have also been presented. This result suggests that the tourism industry of this city is in a defensive position and requires special attention of the authorities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Assessment of quality of life and its impact on citizen participation in urban affairs case study of Neyriz city
mohammad reza rezaei zahra Asiyabani

Evaluation of the life quality and its effect on the citizens’ participation case study: Neyriz city Nowadays, quality of life is the most supreme level in the objectives of social-economic planning and it is the golden key of citizens’ participation for appropriate an More

Evaluation of the life quality and its effect on the citizens’ participation case study: Neyriz city Nowadays, quality of life is the most supreme level in the objectives of social-economic planning and it is the golden key of citizens’ participation for appropriate and applicable planning in order to improve and increase the quality of life of citizens and it can be evaluated based on two dimensions, subjective and objective. The present study was carried out based on applied research and the descriptive survey research method; the aim of this research was to measure the quality of life and its effect on citizens’ participation in Neyriz. Statistical society of this research is all wardens of families in Neyriz town, which by implementing Cochran formula and simple random sampling, 321 samples were selected and questionnaires were distributed randomly among thirteen neighborhoods. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed from the perspective of scholars, and its reliability was evaluated through the use of coronbach's Alpha ( 0.80 and 0.84). The SPSS and AMOS software were used to carry out the statistical analysis. Results of the study revealed that family life satisfaction indicator with mean (M= 3.75) and health with mean (M= 3.16), had the highest mean and economic indicator with the mean (M= 2.56), had the lowest level of satisfaction in quality of life. Also, in the field of citizens participation, political dimensions with (M= 3.06) had the highest mean and subjective-spiritual index (M= 2.34) had the lowest mean. The results of the correlation analysis indicated that that enhancement of the quality of life can lead to increase of citizens’ participation in urban affairs, and there is a significant and direct relation between these issues. The Regression analysis also showed that the family life index (Beta =0.20) and the economic index (Beta =0.13) had the greatest impact on participation and totally the dimensions of quality of life can estimate 07% of participation variance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Assessment of land use changes and development of the urban landscape with emphasis on the role of urban economy Case Study of Ardebil City
Ahmad

With the rapid growth of urbanization in different countries of the world, in addition to increasing the number of cities and their population size, their area and extent have also been expanding rapidly. So that the rapid physical development of cities has even surpass More

With the rapid growth of urbanization in different countries of the world, in addition to increasing the number of cities and their population size, their area and extent have also been expanding rapidly. So that the rapid physical development of cities has even surpassed the population growth rate And the growth of unplanned and rampant phenomenon in Urbanism called "horizontal dispersion city 'or urban spiral created. This urban phenomenon was first created in rich and developed countries. But over the next few decades, seen today in most countries . Meanwhile, a look at the state of Iranian urbanization in the last half century Since the early 40's, the state of urbanization has evolved. Although this change was not at a standstill, its major development was increasing urbanization, urban population growth, increasing the number of cities, and expanding and expanding the physical spatial dynamics. In our country, urban landscapes have also had the capacity to use traditional ones, as urban growth patterns are organic and determinant of urban growth, endogenous and local factors. However, since the basis for the development of cities was an exogenous nature and oil revenues were injected into the urban economy, The intensification of investment in urban land has led to a disruption of the urban land market, and in particular the untapped use of a large part of the cities and the negative impact of the horizontal expansion of cities. Despite the rapid growth of population in recent decades, the city of Ardebil has been developing rapidly. The present paper aims to evaluate the changes in user behavior in the urban area of Ardabil. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Role of Solar Energy in Sustainable Development in Tehran (Case Study: Residential Building)
صابر شفائی گیگلو Bahlool Alijani Mohammad سلیقه

Sustainable urban development is about building a relatively ideal and ideal city in which contemporary citizens enjoy a fairly good life and the future generation's ability to meet their needs. Tehran, as the main city in Iran, which has about 20% of the country's popu More

Sustainable urban development is about building a relatively ideal and ideal city in which contemporary citizens enjoy a fairly good life and the future generation's ability to meet their needs. Tehran, as the main city in Iran, which has about 20% of the country's population and its changes are influenced extensively and directly throughout the country, should therefore be considered more than other cities in terms of urban development. This research is practical in terms of purpose and in terms of its type, descriptive-analytical and consists of four main stages. In the first phase of this research, in order to identify and assess the current status of produced and consumed energy, we study and compare energy consumption data from all fossil fuels, non-renewable and renewable energy sources. In the second stage, the solar energy potential in Tehran, was studied using the information obtained from the synoptic station Mehrabad. In the third step, the cost of generating energy (electric energy) with fossil fuels or photovoltaic systems was compared. In the final stage, the process of designing and analyzing the choice of photovoltaic systems with run on two sample systems was implemented. The results indicate that the domestic, commercial and public sectors and transportation have the highest energy consumption in Tehran in different parts of the country. And also these two parts form the main part of energy consumption in residential areas. as of 2014, the total supply of energy (including production, imports, ...) of non-renewable fossil fuels is 1.774.5 million barrels of crude oil. As of 2014, the total supply of energy (including production, imports, ...) of non-renewable fossil fuels is 1.774.5 million barrels of crude oil. By contrast, the total supply of renewable energy, especially solar energy, is only 24.9% (equivalent to crude oil barrels), which is only 0.013% of the total energy supply of the country. However, due to high capacities of different energy standards in Tehran, utility rate of solar energy this city is significant. And luckily, in recent years, there has been a downturn in the cost of photovoltaic systems. Therefore, at the end of the research, suggestions were made to enhance the role of solar energy in the sustainable development of Tehran, especially in the construction industry, contains: review and modification of urban planning rules for optimizing energy consumption of fossil fuels, by notification and coercion new guidelines for the use of solar energy in the residential areas of Tehran. Culture -building and development of incentive schemes for the prosperity of the production and use of solar energy by citizens, even in small quantities. Providing necessary infrastructure for utilizing solar energy in the household, public and commercial sectors of Tehran Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Analysis of spatial growth pattern - time in Maragheh city using spatial metric methods
Ali Shamaei Hasan Ahar Eshaq Jalaliyan

physical development of the city as the spatial pattern of activity in a particular period of time is defined and it is divided into two main groups, means Urban sprawl (Sprawl), and the compact city model (Compact city). In recent decades, cities have grown organically More

physical development of the city as the spatial pattern of activity in a particular period of time is defined and it is divided into two main groups, means Urban sprawl (Sprawl), and the compact city model (Compact city). In recent decades, cities have grown organically and urban areas in a short time have been several times its original size and city development has been the forms of the individual components, without planning, uncoordinated that urban sprawl pattern is the main feature. This is necessary that attention to physical development of the city in order to sustainable Development. The case study is Maragheh city. Analytical method in this study is comparative. In this study is used of the methods of spatial metrics in order to analysis of urban sprawl in Maragheh city. The results show urban sprawl. Urban growth has been slowly in the past. Starting with rapid urbanization from 1355 to 1365 the city began a rapid growth and area of the city has increased several times and urban sprawl has occurred in this decade and it is continued until 1394. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Investigating the position of the concept of urban livability in the urban development plan (case study: Master plan of Zanjan city
vahid yarigholi mohsen ahadnejhad roshti Jhila sajadi

Today, urban viability reflects a strong discourse on urban development and urban design, which has become prevalent in the history of urban planning. Implementation of urban development plans is one of the basic measures in urban planning and management for the city to More

Today, urban viability reflects a strong discourse on urban development and urban design, which has become prevalent in the history of urban planning. Implementation of urban development plans is one of the basic measures in urban planning and management for the city to be inhabitants of the city and guaranteeing the continued existence of the city for a long time. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of Zanjan city in terms of livability indicators and how urban development plans can be implemented livability in Zanjan city. The research method of this research is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. The results of this study indicate that the findings of the analysis of the mental indices based on the distribution of the questionnaire among the statistical population showed that the Objective and subjective indicators conditions are not nearly consistent. According to the results of regression analysis, the rate of communication and correlation of livability with urban development plans is 0.622. Considering the significant level of 0.000 and its low, it is rejected from the 0.05P <zero hypothesis. It can be said that the relationship between the two variables of livability with the urban development plans is significant. In other words, the implementation of urban development plans accounts for 37% of the Zanjan city's livability. In addition, the highest correlation between the implementation of urban development plans with the social index is 0.369 and the smallest amount is also economic-related with 0.167. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - What is the political geography of the city, and why
hassan kamran

The geography of science, and among the branches of political geography that are grateful to describe the systematic relations between man (politics) and the geographic environment, is one of the old sciences whose history is based on the length of human life on earth. More

The geography of science, and among the branches of political geography that are grateful to describe the systematic relations between man (politics) and the geographic environment, is one of the old sciences whose history is based on the length of human life on earth. Today's most important human space environment is cities. The city is a closed space complex that occurs in this set of events, each of which creates a field of study of a science. One of the most important events taking place in the city is political events, in other words, the city has always been linked to the concept of politics. In the event that the impact of political and power relations is on the urban spatial development, political geography, with the often in-town approach, studies these relationships. Therefore, the political geography of the city is to study the impact of the activities of the state and the authorities on various dimensions (socio-cultural, economic, security and environmental) of urban life and citizens. The main question raised here is that "the political geography of the city, why and how to enter the study area of today's urban complex?" According to the hypothesis of this paper, the political geography of the city, to study the political space of the city, Investigates and presents the basic solutions. Thus, the political geography of the city can be considered as one of the branches of geosciences in the study of space and its features. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Factors affecting urban creative city to create interactive space
monir mirzayi abbas arghan mohammad reza zand moghadam

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective indicators for creating interactive spaces with an emphasis on the creative city. In this regard, according to the research topic, the scrolling method has been used. Regarding the level of study, two descriptive More

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective indicators for creating interactive spaces with an emphasis on the creative city. In this regard, according to the research topic, the scrolling method has been used. Regarding the level of study, two descriptive and explanatory levels (descriptive-analytical) were used. Also, for statistical analysis, statistical software such as SPSS and Super Decision software have been used. At the descriptive level, one-dimensional tables, percentages and abundance have been used. Also, at the inferential level, T-test was used to test the hypotheses, along with two independent samples, Pearson's path analysis. The ANP model is used to rank the factors influencing the realization of the creative city. Finally, the results of the research showed that social capital is a good predictor of explaining the level of the creative city in Ray. The creative city can meet the needs and aspirations of urban communities on a variety of dimensions. The needs of each city are influenced by the growth of the city. Urban space is realized when a person or people want to use it or be involved in this process. This process, on the one hand, contributes to the dynamism of the environment and, on the other hand, to the emergence of the creative class. Impact factors (human capital, innovation, social capital and quality of life) can be effective indicators of creativity and planning. In this research, it has been dealt with in general. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The explanation of food patterns in rural settlements in Jiroft city With approach Land use planning
ali shahdadi علي آذره

Despite the central role of food production, villagers are now one of the most vulnerable groups in terms of food security due to climate, economic and social changes. Changes in food patterns have led to poor nutrition and severe food insecurity in these settlements du More

Despite the central role of food production, villagers are now one of the most vulnerable groups in terms of food security due to climate, economic and social changes. Changes in food patterns have led to poor nutrition and severe food insecurity in these settlements due to the poor power and access of villagers to the supply of basic food. This research attempts to answer the question of how dietary patterns among rural households in Jiroft city are affected and what factors affect it. The survey was conducted using a survey method and a questionnaire. The theoretical model of research with the approach of land management has identified three types of environmental, social and economic factors as the main factors explaining the patterns of popular food among villagers. Findings of the research show that rural households had a total of 14 main lunches and dinners per week; rice (average 4.99 times); artificial sugars such as sugar, sugar and sweetmeats (average 4.71 times) and dairy products (average 4.7 Times) and fish and shrimp (average 1.61 times). The consumption of rice among the villagers was significantly correlated with consumption of other foods including milk and herbs, vegetables and fruits, legumes, and chicken grass (with the acceptance of the positive effect of the symmetry of the data collection time on harvesting the consumption of rural households ) Access to water needed for agricultural and livestock production is the most important factor explaining the use of milk and its products among rural households (R = 0.47, F = 5.628, Sig = 0.028). In sum, the annual income associated with the sale price of agricultural products is the most important factor explaining how the consumption of food, especially consumption of meat, dietary foods, canned foods, etc. with (R = 0.51, F = 11.615, Sig = 0.002) and how much interest They consume food with (R = 0.52, F = 7.44, Sig = 0.013). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - gating the relationship between ecotourism and creating rural employment opportunities with an emphasis on the role of the climate (Case study: Masal)
saeid kamyabi saeid kamyabi

tourism or the tourism of nature is a kind of sustainable tourism that is possible with the participation of indigenous operators and the exploitation of natural tourism potential. Masal has not been developed in terms of facilities and facilities in comparison with oth More

tourism or the tourism of nature is a kind of sustainable tourism that is possible with the participation of indigenous operators and the exploitation of natural tourism potential. Masal has not been developed in terms of facilities and facilities in comparison with other cities in the province of Gilan. In fact, it is a kind of village. With proper and proper planning, it can be the basis for its comprehensive development, but before It is necessary to recognize and introduce the capabilities and capabilities of this city. Therefore, the purpose of this study is the feasibility of the development of Ecotourism in Masal with an emphasis on the role of the climate with the creation of employment opportunities in the city and its villages. In fact, in this research, an attempt is made to find an appropriate and desirable answer to these research questions. : Is it possible to say that the main reason for employment in the city and villages of Masal is the tourist attraction and the climate and climate of the region? 2 Is there a correlation between the natural attractions and climatology of the city of Masal and the attraction of tourists in this region? The present research is a descriptive-analytic (inferential statistics) correlation method for the purpose of applied research. The method of data collection is in the form of library and field studies. In addition, the analytical unit in this research was the individual and the statistical population of all the experts and experts in the field of urban tourism and the rural functions of Masal (about 150 people) and due to the limited statistical population of the census. Collected data was analyzed by a questionnaire after encoding and transmitted to SPSS 19 computer software. To test the hypotheses, one-variable, one-way, one-way, one-way, and Friedman tests. The results of this research indicate that there is a significant relationship between the tourist attraction of Masal city and the employment rate of people in this city between the amount of climate impact and the attraction of tourism in Masal and between the education level of employed in Masal city and tourism attraction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - System Analysis of the Effects of Political Divide Developments on Urban Sprawl (Case Study: Qom City)
seyed ali hosseini

Abstract In the history of Iran's proliferation, the government, as the most important political agents, have consistently played the most effective role in the transformation of spatial structures, including cities. These changes in the role of cities and the role pla More

Abstract In the history of Iran's proliferation, the government, as the most important political agents, have consistently played the most effective role in the transformation of spatial structures, including cities. These changes in the role of cities and the role played by the government set the stage for strengthening the city's economy, the development and expansion of cities and urbanization. The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the most important effects of political divisions on urban Sprawl in Qom using structural analysis model. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting library and field information. Data gathering tool is a questionnaire and a checklist. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using expert opinion. Structural analysis of futures research model is used to analyze the information. For this purpose, 29 factors were identified as the primary factors according to experts. Finally, the MIC MAC software was used to analyze and rank the indicators used in the structural analysis model and the GIS software to draw maps and layers of information. The results showed that improving the status of a city in the levels of country division, especially the transformation of the city into the provincial capital, can be achieved through four factors of population growth and migration, rising land prices and its stock exchange, the expansion of the state structure and the need for regional services, urban Sprawl overnight. Also based on the results of three factors, the concentration of capital in the city, the establishment of political representatives of the government and the development of industries in the city center were selected as the most important and effective political factors affecting the urban Sprawl in Qom. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The pathology of rural production cooperative in the process of rural development sustainable Case Study : rural production cooperative in Saveh city*
gity salahiesfahani

This article is the result of field research done with the aim of pathology rural cooperatives in the process of rural development sustainable Saveh city. As well as economic and social aspect since to achieve development requires economic development which depends More

This article is the result of field research done with the aim of pathology rural cooperatives in the process of rural development sustainable Saveh city. As well as economic and social aspect since to achieve development requires economic development which depends on the development in industry services and agriculture the agric cultural prod unction cooperatives in rural are lever for economic and social development production cooperative can be optimum effective in living conditions, work ,and production and promote effective income and social status. Of course the dynamics and the changes are necessary in the production cooperative when it is efficient and effective for targeted , systematic, planned which is based on sustainability considerations in all aspects of economic social and environmental in this context rural production cooperatives faced obstacles as one of the problems for pertain. This article attempts to calibrate methods and Workshops (PRA) Questionnaires (based on theoretical models and literature) Inter View Was Conducted. Interviews Was Done After Collection Data Through The Software SPSS . Out Put and the Data. statistical research Members Of The Cooperative Based In The SAVEH City Of Rural With A Sample Of 110People .And Was Mad Multi-Stage Random Sampling .According To The Study .The Results Indicate Serious Damages threading Production Cooperatives In Saveh City .In Viewpoint Of Economic And Social Indicators ,In Clueing Farmers’ Income Improver Production Knowledge And Social Trust Maximum Average (3’44.9) And The Minimum Average (2’0967 ) Rerates To The Economic Aspect And Social Dimension. It Is Suggested That Grants Facilities And Equipment Participation Awareness And Empowerment Production Be On The Agenda Manuscript profile

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14 - Creative City and presenting Iranian Creative City Index
Vajiheh Zoghiyan Zahra HashemiDehaghi bahareh osanlou

The creative city concept has been derived from this field researchers and theorist consideration to the environmental and spatial dimension of creativity. Various indexes have been provided to measuring cities creativity that in all of them, the conditions and features More

The creative city concept has been derived from this field researchers and theorist consideration to the environmental and spatial dimension of creativity. Various indexes have been provided to measuring cities creativity that in all of them, the conditions and features of society has been considered. In this regard, the aim of this study is making a creative city index appropriate for Iranian culture. This study in term of modality is descriptive-analytical, and in term of purpose is a practical research. For data collection, the library, documentary and survey method in form of the Delphi method is used. In next step, with reviewing 15 international creative city index, a list of indicators extracted, then using Delphi method and screening indicators and measures, the Iranian creative city index has been created. The result of Delphi method in three round was the confirmation of 49 measure by Delphi panel members for making Iranian creative city index that from these 49 measure, the 32 measure was drawn from previous studies and 17 measure was provided by Delphi method members. Manuscript profile

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15 - Evaluation and analysis of viability in 22 districts of Tehran Metropolis
jamal mohammadi

Urbanization and human populations tend to urban environments, the substrate with the importance of the concept of urban livability has provided more than before. One of the basic principles of sustainable urban development and urban livability, such as a coin has two More

Urbanization and human populations tend to urban environments, the substrate with the importance of the concept of urban livability has provided more than before. One of the basic principles of sustainable urban development and urban livability, such as a coin has two sides. It is a living on it, and the second is ecological sustainability. This study aims to evaluate and analyze biological markers in 22 regions of metropolitan Tehran. The research, analytical and survey and our objective is applied. Data collection tools as a library survey and questionnaire made; 385 citizens in metropolitan Tehran to probability sampling evaluated and the information gathered by the analysis of T test samples, analysis of variance and path analysis software SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. The results indicate that among the components of habitability in Tehran, Physical parameters of the statistic t, 0.378 weaker economic indicators calculated by 1.775 is in a better position than other indices. After that indicators of social and environmental statistics with statistics 440/0 481/0 next in rank rather been. After that indices of social with statistics 0.440 and environmental statistics 0.481 Next in rank are lodged. The results also showed a significant difference in viability between regions in Tehran have seen a significant difference. In the meantime, the economic indicator with the greatest amount of discrepancy is F 47.215. Manuscript profile

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16 - An Estimation of the Trend of City Horizontal Expansion within Seismic Faults and natural Risky Regions and its Consequences (Case Study: Saqqez county in Kurdistan province)
abdolah tayari Mohammad Ali Salari Kamangar

A review on different research about human habitats indicates that geology structure and environmental characteristics have affected city establishment and dwelling selection. With this in mind, the place of establishment (plains, foothills, so an) of a greater part of More

A review on different research about human habitats indicates that geology structure and environmental characteristics have affected city establishment and dwelling selection. With this in mind, the place of establishment (plains, foothills, so an) of a greater part of human habitats generally and urban habitats specifically has encountered such phenomena as quakes, landslides due to its relative proximity with the faults. The occurrence of numerous earthquakes in different places of the country within recent decades and their negative consequences especially on urban centers is a clear proof to this argument. Saqqez city in Kurdistan province due to its location with the proximity of many faults (Saqqez river faults, Valikhan river, Sonata and so an) is one of the places that from one hand the natural sea-bed features of its location has caused the possibility of accessibility to this property. From another perspective the horizontal expansion of the city in direction of above-mentioned faults has increased the accessibility. Now this writing tries to investigate the horizontal and physical development of the city in wake of quakes. For this respect, by using Topography – digitally maps and geology at the scale of 1:250000 and by using geographic information systems including Arc GIS and Arc view soft ware's and historical seismographic data , the isoseismic curve maps and expanse measurement of quake risk have been delineated. The results of the research hold that in accordance with seismography map and examining the quake occurrence timing in the region, there is a higher possibility of earthquakes in Saqqez. Most importantly, the city has been developing hastily towards unstable heights and minor faults in western and northern parts. An accordingly editing strategic and essential measure in the course of reducing quake risks by optimum orientation towards horizontal expansion is absolutely crucial. Manuscript profile

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17 - The role of tourism in rural development, Marivan city
saeed ahmadian Behnam Valizadeh

Overall goal of this research is the role of tourism in rural development, Marivan city. In order to achieve this objective, two methods have been used to document and track. Approach and an exploratory study - an analysis of this issue in the tourist, what role in rura More

Overall goal of this research is the role of tourism in rural development, Marivan city. In order to achieve this objective, two methods have been used to document and track. Approach and an exploratory study - an analysis of this issue in the tourist, what role in rural development, Marivan city, plays. The study population (15 villages studied), includes three groups of experts and staff (236 people), rural (8570) and tourists (1200) have been using formula and Morgan, respectively, 146 bachelors 291 out of 368 people, villagers and tourists as the sample size has been determined. How to choose the subjects and finally systematic random sampling is. In order to analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis, nonparametric Friedman test using SPSS software is used. The results show that the role of tourism in rural development Greatest impact on reducing rural exodus, and restoring social tourism in the local traditions andGreatest impact on the economic dimension of the rising cost of land and housing. Finally, according to achieved results and findings of the research Strategies for developing rural tourism activities is provided in the city of Marivan Manuscript profile

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18 - Electronics City the role in promoting of indicators of sustainable development with emphasis on electronic banking case study in Karaj
Alireza Estelaji Najmeh Shahtalebi

Issues and problems in the issue of air pollution, heavy traffic and wasting time on the streets, increasing the administrative and commercial activities of citizens in cities, increasing population and lack of fitness facilities and services, so that for various reason More

Issues and problems in the issue of air pollution, heavy traffic and wasting time on the streets, increasing the administrative and commercial activities of citizens in cities, increasing population and lack of fitness facilities and services, so that for various reasons has been formed in cities As well as citizens increasingly demand to provide satisfactory service and quality, and the municipal and state slogan and policy managers to focus on sustainable urban development, decision-making and planning based on technology and techniques the world's urban management is not only inevitable but also necessary and enter the world of electronic logical and convenient to the city is needed. One of the most widely used and most central urban needs of electronic services, electronic banking services, which with its activities is an important contribution to sustainable urban development. Therefore, this research was carried Metropolis research. The study was cross-sectional and library studies and field research was conducted using questionnaires. The results of the test the hypotheses using one sample T-test or One sample T test and Spearman correlation was also Shows that electronic banking will have an important role in the realization of sustainable urban development and in this regard citizens as key stakeholders have a direct influence on this issue and the possibility of achieving the desired goals is not possible without the participation of citizens. Manuscript profile

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19 - Community-based tourism development with an emphasis on aspects of local ethnic; Case Study of Kermanshah

The process of globalization through the creation of cultural assimilation attempts to expand markets for the production of similar goods in the form of scales. In practice, the pressure to eliminate ethnic subcultures past few years has led to resistance that indicates More

The process of globalization through the creation of cultural assimilation attempts to expand markets for the production of similar goods in the form of scales. In practice, the pressure to eliminate ethnic subcultures past few years has led to resistance that indicates intense desire to create dependency cultures, ethnic identity to avoid elimination. Iran is the most obvious examples of cultural diversity, ethnic, linguistic and religious in the world that, unlike most multi-ethnic countries, local ethnic diversity or cultural mosaic of indigenous and native of the area. Kermanshah city with so much power development, with strong ethnic community can be the background of ethnic tourism markets. Kurdish ethnicity is cross-border continuity that can be regional in scope commodification (tourism, media, etc.). The issue of how ethnic powers to achieve the objectives of social development at the local, regional and national benefit is important. Methods applied research - development and data collecting field and library. Urban population of 40 managers and 340 are tourists. Overall, most respondent's ethnic profiles of influential cultural ethnic tourism development in the city of Kermanshah in poor and middle-assessed. Chi-square test results in the desired quantity survey in evaluating community-based tourism development with an emphasis on local ethnic aspect is significant in Kermanshah. Since the amount of (sig) or smaller than the significance level corresponding to that test is (<p 05/0). Thus, according to the amount of x2 as well as degrees of freedom equal to 4 and 0 can be concluded significant level of local ethnic tourism is an influential role in the development of community-based tourism. Manuscript profile

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20 - Evaluation of physical-spatial changes using satellite imagery and applying a combination of Markov chains and automatic cells (Case study: Kermanshah city)
rahim sarvar میترا محمودیان Yusufali Ziari

Abstract In recent years, the urbanization, use and land cover of cities, especially the adjacent residential areas located on the periphery of the city, have been affected by human activities. In order to be aware of the changes process as well as to optimize the mana More

Abstract In recent years, the urbanization, use and land cover of cities, especially the adjacent residential areas located on the periphery of the city, have been affected by human activities. In order to be aware of the changes process as well as to optimize the management of future user changes in order to properly plan the combination of Markov chain and automated cells is one of the best methods and tools that shows the changes in past years and also with regard to past changes. Predicts changes for the future. Considering the fact that in recent years Kermanshah City has had significant changes in land use. Therefore, in order to find out the type and extent of the changes in the area above, the Landsat 7 and 8, 1993, 2003, 2013, 2018 have been used. After visualization, Fuzzy Artmap and Crosstab comparisons were used to detect and evaluate the changes. Also, to predict the process of change, by March 2033, a combination of Markov chain and automated cells has been used. The results of this research showed that over the past 25 years, about 34.42% of the change in utilization has taken place in the studied area, mainly due to human activities, including the expansion of settlements and lands built on agricultural land In all directions around the city of Kermanshah. Manuscript profile

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21 - Evaluate the impact of tourism potentials in the development of infrastructure and creation of creative city (Case Study of Kermanshah)
mohsaen shaterian mohsaen shaterian

Tourism is known as clean and dynamic industry that in the case of development it has benefits such as increasing social justice and increasing employment in the society and in the case of urban infrastructures they develop more. City as the highest manifestation of col More

Tourism is known as clean and dynamic industry that in the case of development it has benefits such as increasing social justice and increasing employment in the society and in the case of urban infrastructures they develop more. City as the highest manifestation of collective life has always been exposed to applying different and sometimes inconsistent creative taste of architecture and urban designers. As Mumford believes that there is many initial relationships that they lead to social innovation and creativity in life. Creative city is a new and noteworthy subject in the domain of urbanism and it has pivotal role in the growth and development of cities. The emergence and spread of the idea of creative city is an evidence of this claim. The intense competition among cities as tourism destinations has forced cities to find solutions to be differentiated from other cities and tourism destinations Therefore; the development of tourism is one of the main and secure ways to achieve creative cities. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of potentials in the development of infrastructures in the formation of the creative city in Kermanshah city. The research method is analytical-descriptive and the main instrument of gathering data is questionnaire. Statistical population of the study is residents of Kermanshah city. In order to analyzing the result of questionnaire, the structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS software is used and for obtaining the needed map, the GIS software is used. The results showed that tourism potentials are effective in the development of infrastructures and the formation of the creative city in the Kermanshah city. Manuscript profile

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22 - Comparative Evaluation of the City’s Physical Space Properties in the Occurrence of Vandalism Behaviors (Case Study of Karshenasan Town and Kowsar Town in Ardabil)
sohrab abolfathi

Vandalism is a conscious, volitional, and self-imposed destruction of properties, general amenities and utilities of the city. Alongside with population increase and expansion, and physical spaces, today's cities face a variety of urban problems and damages, which colle More

Vandalism is a conscious, volitional, and self-imposed destruction of properties, general amenities and utilities of the city. Alongside with population increase and expansion, and physical spaces, today's cities face a variety of urban problems and damages, which collectively threatens these communities in terms of environmental health, and security including issues of vandalism behaviors in the city. Given these circumstances, the necessity of considering the fact that the public spaces of the country's cities have encountered this social dilemma is of special significance. Subsequently Ardabil’s public spaces which are exposed to young people commuting are also facing such issues and problems. The main objective of this research is to identify the features of the physical space in the occurrence of vandalism behaviors in the two studied towns of the Ardabil city. This research is of applied type, and the data analysis method is descriptive-analytic. The first stage includes selection of indices, and physical data collection of two studied towns in development and expansion of vandalism phenomenon including urban land use, population density, the amount of access to the facilities and possible destruction utilities, level of isolation, and openness of urban spaces. The second stage includes analysis of collected data, preparation of maps and overlaying of them via GIS software in order to identify areas susceptible to cause this special damage. Results from data analysis, and checking the zoning of these two towns in terms of affectedness from vandalism phenomenon indicate that the vulnerability of Kowsar town is higher than Karshenasan town since the amount of open and isolated spaces with the use of urban uncultivated lands, and green spaces are more in Kowsar town. Moreover, the building and population density in Karshenasan town is higher than Kowsar town. Another important factor to be mentioned is the existence of the Shorabil recreational and tourism complex in Kowsar town which has created favorable conditions for the occurrence of this phenomenon. Manuscript profile

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23 - The impact Geomorphology in the Locating Urban
Marzieh Mogholi

Choose landfill is one of the most important steps in the management of municipal solid waste. With regard to environmental impact, economic and ecological landfill, the landfill must be done carefully and in a scientific process. In this study, to determine the appropr More

Choose landfill is one of the most important steps in the management of municipal solid waste. With regard to environmental impact, economic and ecological landfill, the landfill must be done carefully and in a scientific process. In this study, to determine the appropriate location for Solid Waste Palm City Taqi using the capabilities of GIS tools have been implemented. Geographic information systems including the innovative methods used today to study the location. The selection criteria for landfill waste Mnayb places such as geology, access roads, slope, fault, maps, land use, urban and rural centers have been used.the current location is buried in the wrong zone. Manuscript profile

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24 - Analysis Newurbanism indictors with an emphasis compactness, pedstrain and old texture recreation (case study: Maragheh city)
امید مبارکی parvaneh amirhosseini

Newurbanism is an effort to raise traditional urbanization and to adapt it to modern life today. This movment came to the fore in the twentieth centary and latly in the current decade it was considerd and emphasize on by authorities and urbanization experts in our count More

Newurbanism is an effort to raise traditional urbanization and to adapt it to modern life today. This movment came to the fore in the twentieth centary and latly in the current decade it was considerd and emphasize on by authorities and urbanization experts in our country. The main charictristics of this attitude is being humanist and bolding human roles in our modern-lif cities just as it was noticible before. The purpose of this study is to study conperhensive development, distressed area, pedestrian Attitude of new urbanism in the city of Maraghe. In this context with utilizing the methods of descriptive, analyctice and field study we try to study existing subject and also we have made use of Holdren and shanon antropy methods.the level of antropy in the year 1390 was 1.84 and Ln n = 1.94, and shanon antropy was close to 1.94, this was a sign of physical development that was scattered and uncompressed. In the other hand the result of Holdern antropy showed the development that happened horizontaly. The unending spread of cities in the recent decades has made. Old texture inhabitants abandon and live in cities that have lead to horizontal and ancompressed city development also because of uncompressed development and increase of access roates, use of public and private vechicles has exceeded and coused problems for pedestrian access. The result indicats that the city of maraghe is not matching with the new urbanism. Manuscript profile

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25 - Studying perception of 20th district of Tehran from features of Islamic urban area
ماندانا حبیبی Hosein Mojtabazadeh

From the beginning of the formation of the Islamic government, this religious school has always emphasized in the sacred books and the narrations of its elders about respect for Muslim communities and the necessity of communication between them. The outstanding manifes More

From the beginning of the formation of the Islamic government, this religious school has always emphasized in the sacred books and the narrations of its elders about respect for Muslim communities and the necessity of communication between them. The outstanding manifestation of these concepts has emerged in the cities of the early centuries of Islam. This has led the Islamic city as a space for the development of other Islamic fundamental principles and principles. However, with the emergence of modern thinking and the emergence of numerous movements, we see that many of these concepts have been met with considerable damage. This is considerably more significant in neighborhoods with a rich historical, religious, and civilian background, and its inhabitants can face the challenges of identity. The 20th district of Tehran is also one of the most valuable areas for this study, with the aim of measuring the readings of its inhabitants from the perspective of the Islamic city. Following the extraction of indices and sub-indexes related to the Islamic city from the opinions of experts and the conceptual modeling of the research, using the design and distribution of 50 questionnaires in the spectrum of 5 likert options, the characteristic The findings of the Islamic city were derived from the perceptions of the inhabitants of the 20th area using inferential statistics. The results of the findings suggest the fact that from the viewpoint of citizens, the most vulnerable factors that led to the deterioration of the quality of the 20th district of Tehran from the Islamic point of view were physical and environmental factors, and social and value factors are at a later stage. have. Manuscript profile

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26 - Future Studies on Human Resources Development in the Agricultural Sector in Rural Areas Case: Central part of Malayer township
alireza takaloo Ali Shamsoddini bijan rahmani majid shariat

Future Studies on Human Resources Development in the Agricultural Sector of Malayer County Many current problems of the agricultural sector of the rural areas are due to past planners' lack of foresight and since the development or non-development of agricultural secti More

Future Studies on Human Resources Development in the Agricultural Sector of Malayer County Many current problems of the agricultural sector of the rural areas are due to past planners' lack of foresight and since the development or non-development of agricultural section has affected other parts of the country's economy and development, it is necessary to care fully evaluate the effective factors in this section and identify and resolve its damages and problems. Most people who work in the agricultural sector gradually have faced with some problems due to being old and inadequate education, and they are not fit for a new knowledge-based economy. It is caused by the young and educated people leaving the villages and going to the cities. This research is looking forward to foresight to avoid any potential problems that may arise in this field. The current study was done in three steps. The first step which is relevant to the theoretical part of the research, has been investigated through the laboratory and documentary review method on foresight and human resource development. The second step in the data section was done by observation, interview and questiomaire. Then in the third step, Delphi and structural analysis techniques and the Mick Mac and Wizard soft wares were used. Based on this research 24 main factors in the human resources development were identified and the variables of integrated management of rural development sustainable employment, advanced technology, elimination of discrimination between urban and rural areas and the expansion of production cooperatives with the most direct impact as remarkable criteria in this regard were identified and three groups of scenarios was proposed for the future of human resources in the agricultural sector of rural areas. Manuscript profile

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27 - Investigating the interrelationships politic and space of city with emphasis on climatological typology
hassan kamran

"Cities" are among the phenomena of space that have a special place in geographic studies. Therefore, the interrelationship between politics and space in the city is one of the most important issues studied by political geographers of the present era. To understand thes More

"Cities" are among the phenomena of space that have a special place in geographic studies. Therefore, the interrelationship between politics and space in the city is one of the most important issues studied by political geographers of the present era. To understand these relationships, understanding the natural geography is very effective. In this paper, we try to analyze the geography of the city with emphasis on the typology of cities in terms of climate and location. The question raised here is whether the natural geographic conditions, especially the weather, are effective in the manner and policy of urban executives? In this descriptive-analytical method, this fundamental research studies the climatic conditions of desert, mountainous, coastal cities and their impacts on political, economic, cultural and environmental areas and on the decisions of power holders in general. We seek to answer the question, "How does climate influence the type and manner of policies and policy making of urban managers?" The hypothesis raised in answer to this question is that "natural geographical conditions, especially climate, in the type and method of policies." And policymaking is effective for urban managers. " The results show that the importance of recognizing the existing status of cities and their (natural) geographical location in order to plan well for the future on the one hand, and the importance of scale in achieving development with respect to the importance and necessity of policy making, on the other. That geographic space and policy development are closely linked. " Manuscript profile

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28 - Locating the Rural Crisis Management Center
Bahram imani reza Talebi

Environmental hazards are one of the main obstacles to the achievement of sustainable development, especially in human settlements (especially villages). Over the past decades, with the crisis management approach, the use of all management achievements, organization and More

Environmental hazards are one of the main obstacles to the achievement of sustainable development, especially in human settlements (especially villages). Over the past decades, with the crisis management approach, the use of all management achievements, organization and pre-crisis planning to deal with hazards Natural and human is rational and necessary. In dealing with emerging crises, one of the main pillars of proper coping and prevention of the negative effects of these hazards is the inclusion of crisis management centers, which include all prevention, preparedness and response measures, including relief, temporary accommodation of the incident, in which It is possible to minimize the consequences of a possible crisis. Hence, the city of Ardabil, due to being located in an area of seismicity and its location in the border area of the country, has a high potential for the development of non-human hazards. Therefore, in this study, using a descriptive-analytical approach, using the Hierarchical Analytic Model (AHP) (13 criteria), the area of Ardabil city was zoned in order to locate Rural Crisis Management Centers and using the TOPSIS (8 criteria) model Prioritization of Rural Crisis Management Centers was conducted within the study area. The results of the research show that 13.3% of the land in Ardebil has the highest ability to establish crisis management centers. With respect to the specified areas, 7 locations for the establishment of crisis management centers were identified and the TOPSIS model was used to prioritize these centers and the results showed that the base number 2 has the highest capability and the base number 1 Featuring the lowest capacity for deployment of crisis management center Manuscript profile

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29 - Analysis and assessment of environmental quality Urban Tourist Destinations In line with sustainable development (Case study: Shushtar)
saeed amanpour saeed maleki Mohsen Ahadnejhad Roshti

Tourism development in urban areas of different components affected, including the environmental quality of these areas which is effective in the satisfaction of local residents and tourists. So check the environmental quality indicators Tourism can be Power, needs and More

Tourism development in urban areas of different components affected, including the environmental quality of these areas which is effective in the satisfaction of local residents and tourists. So check the environmental quality indicators Tourism can be Power, needs and weaknesses in these environments Based on satisfaction Or disturbing the urban environment And ensure the stability of these neighborhoods Because tourists, considering the nature of tour ism, Looking for fun And leisure are combined with pleasure. For this purpose, they are mostly looking for destinations have the highest level of environmental quality. The purpose of this research investigating the role of environmental quality in tourism in Shushtar. In terms of purpose, the type of applied research and the method is descriptive-analytic. In order to collect the required data two documentary and field methods (questionnaire tool) have been used. Also the tool is used in analyzing information, using descriptive and inferential statistical methods in the Excell environment and using the Spss software is used. The statistical population of the study is two groups of tourists and urban households in Shushtar. T test results show single sample which are some of the quality indicators of the city of Shushtar From the perspective of both sample societies Research is higher than average Meanwhile, the highest average was due to the functional-structural quality(3.562), Environmental quality(3.281), Tourist Attractions(3.191), And security and comfort(3.114), have been. Also, the results of Spearman's correlation test indicate this the highest correlation and positive and significant relation between sustainable development index and functional-structural quality with coefficient .0537 and with a confidence level .099 There is. In addition, Friedman's test showed Low level of environmental quality dimensions of the study area less than moderate in size, Tourist attractions, safety and comfort, social and visual environment And above average in terms of functional-structural quality And the quality of the environment. Manuscript profile

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30 - The Risks of Cities' Public Buildings Unsuitability for Iranian Veterans Needs: Case Study of Zahedan

The purpose of this study is to measure how appropriate the Zahedan city's body is for the disabled and veterans use and probably the risks and failures of that. According to the research hypothesis public buildings of Iran's cities is not suitable for the disabled and More

The purpose of this study is to measure how appropriate the Zahedan city's body is for the disabled and veterans use and probably the risks and failures of that. According to the research hypothesis public buildings of Iran's cities is not suitable for the disabled and veterans' life, job and commuting. In order to test this hypothesis, the background of the effort to suit cities to the disabled and veteran needs was studied, the rules and standards of the city suitable for the disabled and veterans was searched and a theoretical framework was provided as a tool for measurement and comparison. At a later step, building condition of Zahedan was assessed and compared with scientific criteria and then analyzed. Yet to analyze data, the Weighted Sum technique for buildings was used. From the physical and managerial point of view the analytical results of this study indicated that Zahedan city is not suitable for veterans needs and generates some risks for them. Still the results of this study give recommendations for city planners and developers which contain strategies to improve criteria and physical indices, codification of law and rules and managerial plans to suit spaces for the disabled and veterans. Although this study has focused on Zahedan city, the model and process of its measurement and comparison is useful as a pretty efficient tool to suit building in other cities of Iran or the same countries. Manuscript profile

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31 - Locating Base Fire and Safety Services in Rural Settlements (Case study villages, city Boukan)
وحید ریاحی

Locating the Rural Fire Service and Safety Services is of great importance, For safety And prevent fires and accidents. Due to the high cost of locate firing safety services centers in all villages, Establish and correct locating caused increasing in efficiency usage of More

Locating the Rural Fire Service and Safety Services is of great importance, For safety And prevent fires and accidents. Due to the high cost of locate firing safety services centers in all villages, Establish and correct locating caused increasing in efficiency usage of safety centers. In this study, Dashbnd, Nachyt and Rahimkhan as the case villages in Boukan county previous studies were selected to locate in the rural context. Results show that the models employed is absolutely correct invoices. The research is applied in terms of content and analytical - descriptive. It is a documentary and field data collection To locate the fire station in the village of tissue factor in the six selected. Layers corresponding to each of these factors with reference to the same Zone 38, WGS1984 UTM: and the same (cellsize 3.6 × 3.6) in ARC GIS 10 preparation has been .To determine the importance of indicators used software expert choice 2011. And then each of the factors using fuzzy models by means of standardized Raster calculator and a value of zero to a raster format have been In this case, the layers become fuzzy weighted. . Then fuzzy algebraic operations addition and multiplication performed on layers and overlapping layers were. Finally the fuzzy gamma operator places suitable for the construction of a fire station in the rural context. Manuscript profile

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32 - The Role of the partnership program in green city with a view to the city of Shemshak as the first candidate in Iran's green city
Alireza Estelaji rahim sarvar

Today, environmental problems are one of the most important urban issues and conflicts with the natural environment. Because urban development has to be controlled by the building industry and transportation, and economic activity on natural spaces, this dominance is do More

Today, environmental problems are one of the most important urban issues and conflicts with the natural environment. Because urban development has to be controlled by the building industry and transportation, and economic activity on natural spaces, this dominance is dominated by the language in the from of dominance of the city over the nature of the city. The fact is that the root of contemporary environmental crises should beviewed in the view and interpretation of the environment of natural search . In other words the main problem is the knowledge and the world of the nose. Green city is a new approach to making solutions to change destructive behavior and to encourage positive environmental behavior. The use of energy in home, use of insecticides, disposal of waste materials in non-sanitary manner non-segregation of waste for recycling, and that is not the result of a partnership program. The city of Shemshak is the first candidate for the green city, due to its environmental ability and tourist attractions to implement green indicators and become a high-quality model and model for other cities in the province of Tehran and the country. In this context using the SWOT technique (analyzing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) to identify the effective internal and external factors in this context. It deals with the plan to realize the effectiveness of green indicators in this city. Manuscript profile

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33 - The Role of Tourism in Rural Employment )A Case Study of Firoozkooh City(
saeed ahmadian

is seeking to investigate the role of tourism on employment in the studied villages. In order to accurately describe the issue, 8 villages of Firoozkooh city were selected purposefully. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, documentary and field methods is More

is seeking to investigate the role of tourism on employment in the studied villages. In order to accurately describe the issue, 8 villages of Firoozkooh city were selected purposefully. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, documentary and field methods is used. Therefore, after designing the theoretical framework of the research for collecting data, field operations were completed by completing the local community and experts' questionnaires. For analyzing data using software SPSS and performing t-test, Levene's test, ANOVA and Walsh, we compared the research variables in all the studied villages. In calculating the reliability of the measurement instrument the Cronbach's alpha method has been used and the obtained coefficient of reliability is 0.9. Validity of the questionnaires is based on previous studies and experts' opinions. The results of research show that tourism in Jalizjand, Badrood, Khamdeh and Mozdaran villages can have an important role in increasing employment and in Harandeh, Lazor, Tares,and Simindasht villages, tourism has not had an effective role in increasing employment. Also, the highest rate of employment is in Khamdeh village and the lowest employment rate is in the village of Simindasht. In the Khamdeh village, which has the highest employment rates, the job creations were the field of supply and sale of crops and gardens, rental of houses, villas or suites, tourist’s services, livestock products supply and sale, and finally, the sale of handicrafts. In addition, according to more than 60% of the local community, jobs have been created in the areas mentioned for indigenous people. Manuscript profile

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34 - Evaluation of Urban Smart Growth Indicators Using Factor Analysis Model (Case Study: District 1, Shiraz, Iran)
Mohammad

The Smart Growth Strategy is one of the new approaches to sustainable development. The present study is based on a descriptive-analytic method using a questionnaire, where the reliability of the research tool was obtained based on the Cronbach's alpha coefficient as 0.8 More

The Smart Growth Strategy is one of the new approaches to sustainable development. The present study is based on a descriptive-analytic method using a questionnaire, where the reliability of the research tool was obtained based on the Cronbach's alpha coefficient as 0.82. The statistical sample involved 321 citizens of District 1 of Shiraz. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. To achieve the research objective (determining the status of Smart growth indicators in District 1 of Shiraz(, a factor analysis test was used. The results of Bartlett's test of sphericity showed that there was a significant relationship between the urban Smart growth indexes studied in the study (with 0.000Sig), in fact, there was a significant correlation between variables. in the Criterion of the four factors density, "net residential density" with the factor load of 0.760, "public transport access or walking to work" with factor load of 0.820 and " using public transportation or walking to access the CBD” with: 0.790 were identified as the most important factors. Moreover, in the factor accessibility criteria, "rate of apartment living" with the factor load of 0.821, "ease of access to public transportation" with factor load of 0.570 and "rate of using public transport or walking for access to CBD", 0.539 were identified as the most important factors. Finally, in the field of mixed land use, “percentage of households in residential units”, "walking or public transportation access rate to recreational facilities" and "ease of access to public transportation" were identified as the most important factors. Manuscript profile

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35 - Investigation and Evaluation of Health Indicators with the Healthy City Approach (Case Study: Imam Khomeini Port)
Mahmoud Haghighat

The rapid growth of urbanization has caused many problems for citizens over the past few decades, which has endangered the health of cities. The purpose of a healthy city is a social and physical environment with facilities that make it possible to perform all life acti More

The rapid growth of urbanization has caused many problems for citizens over the past few decades, which has endangered the health of cities. The purpose of a healthy city is a social and physical environment with facilities that make it possible to perform all life activities with ease and with optimal efficiency. The purpose of this research is urban planning to create a healthy city in Bandar Imam Khomeini. This research is descriptive-analytical and data collection has been done in two documentary and survey methods. Excel and SPSS software was used for indexing and computing, and GIS was used to map the map. In the end, using the SWOT analysis model for the study area, using field findings and experts' views, we will present strategies for achieving a healthy city in the city. in this research, the port city of Imam Khomeini is considered for five health indicators (social, economic, environmental, health and cultural). The results of this study indicate that the current status of five health indicators (social, economic, environmental, health and cultural) in Imam Khomeini port is in good condition and the standards of a healthy city are not well-suited. the results of the SWOT model showed that, in terms of weighting points, opportunities in planning the healthy city in Imam Khomeini port had the highest score, which means that in the study area, while the standards of a healthy city are far from the current status, but with the help of planned strategies, Bandar Imam Khomeini has the ability to meet the standards of a healthy city. Manuscript profile

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36 - Spatial Analysis of Development in Rural Areas of Semnan Province Case study: Damghan city
Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli farhad azizpour

Achieving the balance and reducing the inequality in rural settlements requires studying and identifying the resources and facilities of these settlements. Indeed, spatial analysis of development identifies the inequality and deprivation of different areas and prioritiz More

Achieving the balance and reducing the inequality in rural settlements requires studying and identifying the resources and facilities of these settlements. Indeed, spatial analysis of development identifies the inequality and deprivation of different areas and prioritizes actions to improve the quality of life. The present study is based on the purpose, applied and research method of descriptive-analytic. The required data are obtained using 29 indicators in various dimensions and by documentary method. The study area is Damghan and the statistical population of the study is all the inhabited villages of Damghan. The research indicators weighted using F'ANP model and data analyzed using VIKOR multivariable decision making method. Cluster analysis used in order to classify the studied villages, from the aspect of developmental levels and analysis of their inequalities, and linear regression used to analysis the effectiveness of the components (emphasized in the conceptual model) on the final index of development in the area of the study. The results of the study indicate that the development in rural areas of the study has not been uniformly and fairly. The spatial pattern of this situation has become unbalanced. In this pattern, population and facilities in some villages are overprovision and in the others are under provision. This has caused immigration, in particular among young people, and thereby eliminating the age and gender balance, undermining the economic foundations and raising unemployment rates. Also, this developmental inequality in the rural districts of Damghan city was most affected by two factors: "access to welfare services and the level of economic participation". Manuscript profile

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37 - Studying effective standards in reconstruction of obsolete urban contexts (case study: district one of Isfahan city)
Fariba Movlaeivarzaneh jamal mohammadi

The main purpose of the present study is the approximate importance of effective standards in reconstruction and renewal of obsolete context in district one of Isfahan city. Four main factors including skeletal_ accessibility, economic, environmental, social and acce More

The main purpose of the present study is the approximate importance of effective standards in reconstruction and renewal of obsolete context in district one of Isfahan city. Four main factors including skeletal_ accessibility, economic, environmental, social and accessibility have been researched through 41 sub-branches. Regarding the nature of the topic and the aim of the study, the method of the research was functional- developmental and the type of the research was descriptional-analytical. In order for the collection of data, documentation-library studies (note taking, charts and diagrams, photo and maps) were implemented. The main tool for gathering information was questionnaire, but other methods such as observation, interview, statistical information were also utilized. The statistical population in this research was eleven neighborhoods of district one in the city of Isfahan. The collected data were analyzed through factor analysis test, SWOT technique and GIS software. The results of factor analysis test (KMO) showed that internal integration was appropriate in the data except for environmental index. The significance of the test in all of the indices was less than 0/01 and the level of certainty was higher than 99. Therefore, factor analysis is suitable for determining the structure of the model. The results of SWOT model indicated that the averages of offensive strategy, variety strategy, revision strategy and defensive strategy were respectively 3/42, 3/55, 3/08, 3/21. The dominant strategy was variety strategy in this study. Manuscript profile

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38 - Qualitative Desirability Presentation of Urban Pedestrian way with People-Space Unification Approach (Case Study: Zanjan Sabze Meydan pedestrian way)
mohamad taghi heydari shahram mohamadi

Urban space is involved with social strategies and this has made it a social phenomenon more than its physical aspects. In this regard, planning and design of people-oriented urban spaces has been traceable from the viewpoints of experts in this field since the beginnin More

Urban space is involved with social strategies and this has made it a social phenomenon more than its physical aspects. In this regard, planning and design of people-oriented urban spaces has been traceable from the viewpoints of experts in this field since the beginning of urban planning knowledge. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the desirability of Zanjan Sabze Meydan pedestrian way from the perspective of unification between people and space and determining the factors affecting the desirability presentation of Zanjan Sabze Meydan pedestrian way. The research method is descriptive and analytical and has been done through library and survey studies. The statistical sample of the study consisted of 120 walking citizens in Zanjan Sabze Meydan pedestrian way Area. Preparation and processing of required data was done by SPSS, ArcGis and lisrel software. The results show that the most of the indicators are moving towards instability and relativity and the most important strategy for Sabze Meydan pedestrian way desirability is to create environmental well-being through the development of health and safety on Sabze Maydan pedestrian way. Manuscript profile

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39 - Identification of Effective drivers on the Resilience of Border Cities (Case Study: Abadan City)
محمدعلی فیروزی جعفر سعیدی

Border cities because of their specific location and margins they are exposed to all kinds of stress and current and future dependent shocks economic, social, environmental, security and political challenges. One of the most important strategies in the world to respond More

Border cities because of their specific location and margins they are exposed to all kinds of stress and current and future dependent shocks economic, social, environmental, security and political challenges. One of the most important strategies in the world to respond to these challenges is the strategy of increasing the resilience of societies. Resilience approach by improving the level of adaptation and thus reducing the level of vulnerability in border cities reduces threats from natural hazards and human crises and improving sustainable management of these areas. In this study, the Effective drivers on the resilience of Abadan border city have been identified and analyzed. To identify the effective drivers in this research, first review the existing studies based on the literature (Books, Articles, Documents, Plans) a list of effective drivers in urban resilience was extracted. In the second step, in order to understand the external forces (key drivers) using interviews and open questionnaires (Delphi technique) Academic experts and city managers were asked to introduce Key drivers of resilience in the border cities of Abadan In five studies including sections of (Economic, Social, Environmental, Institutional - Organizational and Physical - Infrastructure). After obtaining key resilience drivers, the Cross Impact Analysis (Structural) Method and Mic Mac software it was used to investigate the level and how effectiveness of drivers and Identification of Effective drivers on the Resilience of Abadan City. Manuscript profile

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40 - Measurment and analysis the effects of Conducting Hadi Projects on the Physical development of city Periphery Villages (Case Study:villages around Marivan city)
Dr saadi Mohammadi

Abstract The physical collapse of city peripheral villages for physical undirected growth faced these villages with numerous challenges in economic and social fields. Therefore, conducting local projects in the country such as Hadi Projects is essential to reform the e More

Abstract The physical collapse of city peripheral villages for physical undirected growth faced these villages with numerous challenges in economic and social fields. Therefore, conducting local projects in the country such as Hadi Projects is essential to reform the existing conditions and physical development of these villages. This study aimed to assess the practical impact of physical development projects on the Marivan peripheral villages by means of a descriptive - analytical method and data collection through library studies and field surveys based on stratified random distribution questionnaire among 250 households of the villages and 13 regional's rural development experts. Seeking to identify the current status of the villages, and solutions for their optimal physical development. Determining the sample size using the Cochran formula from among 1122 households in the sample villages and determining the share of each village from the total number of questionnaires by stratified method. The analysis of collected data by using descriptive, average index(One sample chi do and T inferential statistics) and weighting of Indices with Delphi method in EXPERT CHOICE software And prioritize them with the VIKOR technique show the Hadi projects have resulted in the physical development of villages, According to the average calculated sum of 3.50, the satisfactory level causes the physical development of the studied villages. In this case, the quality dimension of the passages with the average calculated 3.62 has the highest improvement of the condition of conducting the designsand Ney village has had the highest level of influence and physical development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Explaining the SmartMobility in Shiraz Metropolis Based on Sustainable Development Theory
Elahe kavoosi Jamal mohammadi

Smart urban mobility has become increasingly controversial in recent years, not only in academic literature but also in urban policies and strategies. However, in many cities around the world and in our country, Iran, smart urban mobility and mobility have been associat More

Smart urban mobility has become increasingly controversial in recent years, not only in academic literature but also in urban policies and strategies. However, in many cities around the world and in our country, Iran, smart urban mobility and mobility have been associated with problems such as lack of citizen participation and inequality due to inefficient urban management. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate and explain the indicators of mobility and mobility indicators (including transportation infrastructure, public transportation, sustainable transportation, information and communication technology) and the social dimensions of these infrastructures, including the level of citizen participation. Use of these infrastructures) and the relationship between these indicators and sustainable development of Shiraz city should be discussed. and analyze the framework of mobility and transportation of smart transportation for Shiraz. The results show that the mobility and displacement variables are in poor condition based on different dimensions of access, sustainable transport as well as ICT. Different indices of each of these dimensions point to the same issue, as its level of evaluation (significance level less than 0.05 and average lower than the criterion) points to their undesirability from the point of view citizens. The study of the impact of smart mobility indicators on sustainable development also shows that smart mobility indicators account for 26% of the total variance of sustainable development. On this basis, it should be noted that the mobility variable does not have an appropriate position in Shiraz, and this has not only affected its development process in recent decades, but also poses many challenges for its future development. The growing trend of the population and on the other hand the various social and cultural features as well as tourism are evolving in such a way that it requires a major focus on a systematic transportation based on smart city approach. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - An Analysis of Sustainable Urban Tourism Capacities, Case Study: Yazd
Ali Shamaei farzaneh sasanpour Mansour Arjmandi

The concept of capacity is an important tool for achieving sustainable tourism in the context of sustainable development. Lack of attention to the category of capacity in the tourism industry causes irreparable damage to the environment and natural tourism areas, as wel More

The concept of capacity is an important tool for achieving sustainable tourism in the context of sustainable development. Lack of attention to the category of capacity in the tourism industry causes irreparable damage to the environment and natural tourism areas, as well as dissatisfaction of visitors and indigenous people in the tourism area. The most important step in planning and expanding tourism in a particular region is to analyze the existing capacities in it. Because not paying attention to the capacities with incorrect planning and not paying attention to the ecological potential of the region, not balancing between the volume and type of recreational activities, not paying attention to the range capacity of the region, not paying attention to the facilities and infrastructure factors (type and quantity) necessary for physical development. Considering the seasonal nature of recreation and fluctuations throughout the year can be considered as a threat to the environment. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the tourism potential of Yazd. This research is of applied type and the method of doing it is descriptive-analytical. The research data were completed by a questionnaire of 400 tourists and citizens as well as 30 experts (as a sample size) and then analyzed by t-test, Delphi method and Shannon entropy. The results show that by relying on the high tourism capacities of Yazd in three levels of individual, environmental and organizational and attracting specialized forces in the field of tourism, using the potentials of the old texture of the city, and by identifying sustainable tourism, and holding Various festivals for economic prosperity and the like have eliminated many of the current shortcomings in meeting the needs of tourists and developed a sustainable urban tourism environment in Yazd. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Healthy City Planning with Sustainable Develop
behnam Moghani rahimi

The status of urban areas has a decisive role in the health of residents. In such circumstances, the adoption of environmental planning and design approaches is essential for promoting the health of citizens. The application of healthy city criteria with regard to susta More

The status of urban areas has a decisive role in the health of residents. In such circumstances, the adoption of environmental planning and design approaches is essential for promoting the health of citizens. The application of healthy city criteria with regard to sustainable development through designing and upgrading the quality of urban spaces and residential areas can lead to the general health of citizens. Many social, economic and environmental indicators such as safety and security, social participation, environmental quality and access to facilities and services can be factors that affect the health and quality of life of individuals. This is an applied research and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the library and field method is used for data collection and WASPAS model is used for data analysis. The statistical population of the study is all residents of Kerman. The sample size is 384 people by Morgan table. The results show that in all three dimensions of sustainable development and healthy city, Kerman is far from standards However, in terms of the current status of the indicators in the four regions of Kerman, Zone 2, there is a better situation than other regions. Although it is not in ideal conditions, it is in better condition than other areas and after that, the first, third and fourth regions were located in the next places. Of course, in most of the indicators, the first and third regions were very close to each other, but the fourth area is in the lowest level in all dimensions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - A Sociological Criticism and Analysis of the Story of "the Iranians Feast" With the Focus on the Series of Short stories entitled"A City Resembling the Paradise"
حسين نوين

In a sociological approach to literary studies, apart from their aesthetic and poetic functions, works of literature reveal the social- cultural trends of their own time. Author's world view, affected by their class- consciousness, to a great extent, forms their works. More

In a sociological approach to literary studies, apart from their aesthetic and poetic functions, works of literature reveal the social- cultural trends of their own time. Author's world view, affected by their class- consciousness, to a great extent, forms their works. In A City Resembling the Paradise, Simin Daneshvar describes the solemn and glum portrait of the women and the underclass of the Iranian society in a special period of its history. She views the deep- rooted ossification and superstition the causes of decadence which intensifies by the interferences of the western colonialists, especially the America. Turning to Iran's ancient civilization, the noble religious beliefs, and relying on the national potentials are the effective and decisive ways to decolonization and to remove sexual and social discrimination to which Daneshvar pays much attention in "A City Resembling the Paradise", especially in "the Iranians Feast" short story. The author employs a symbolic tone and style that best suits to the way of conveying the main ideas of the story. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - CRITIQUE AND STUDY OF POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONTENT OF TALE COLLECTION OF "SHAHRI CHUN BEHESHT" (A CITY SAME AS HAVEN)
ليلا يوسفي قدرت‌ الله طاهري

A tail collection called "shahri chun behesht" (A city same as haven) by Simin Daneshvar, is the product of political, social and cultural conditions of the years of fear and violence of the post-coup-d'etat of 28 Mordad 1332. the period in which aspirations of a nation More

A tail collection called "shahri chun behesht" (A city same as haven) by Simin Daneshvar, is the product of political, social and cultural conditions of the years of fear and violence of the post-coup-d'etat of 28 Mordad 1332. the period in which aspirations of a nation who demanded independence and liberty, by conspiracy of alien counteries agents and some mistakes of religio-political leaders dissipated and feelings of hopelessness and defeat and failure spreaded in cultural society of Iran. In this collection, Daneshvar with her accuracy and intelligence has tried to show a part of bitter socio-political truths of those dark years of Iran's people. Short stories of Daneshvar, despite their importance in contemporary narrative literature, have been ignored in the shade of her more prominent novels such as Sovushon, Jazireh Sargardani and Sarban–e-Sargardan. This article is trying to reflect the light on one of the short stories collection of a such. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - Hegel, Marx and Gramsci on State and Civil Society
محمدتقي سبزه‌اي

The purpose of this article is the comparative survey of three contrastive theoreticians- Hegel, Marx, and Gramsci- on state, civil society and their relationships. Hegel assumed the civil society as a combination of three systems; the economical, legal and cohesive (po More

The purpose of this article is the comparative survey of three contrastive theoreticians- Hegel, Marx, and Gramsci- on state, civil society and their relationships. Hegel assumed the civil society as a combination of three systems; the economical, legal and cohesive (police and their related classes) which stand between the family and the state; which ultimately substitutes the state. Marx considers the civil society as the domain of work and everyday life, which is a totally economical and apolitical domain. Unlike Hegel and Marx, Gramci observes the civil society as a cultural sphere. The result of this theoretical comparative analysis shows that although these three contrasting theorists of philosophical principles assume a similar and common society as the base of their analysis, their conclusions on the society’s pattern structure differs with each other. Hegel substituted the three-dimensioned pattern of “family-civil society-state” with Aristotle’s classic two-dimensioned pattern of “family-city state”. Also Marx’s substructure pattern (on civil society) and superstructure (state) changed for Gramsci to the substructure (economic) and superstructure (civil society = nongovernmental organs + state). Gramci’s state is a combinative state compiled of the satisfaction of “mastery + power” and therefore it is both the substructure and the superstructure. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - The Relation between Self and Political Power in St. Augustine’s Thought
mohamad ali tavana

St Augustine’s Confessions is the first autobiography in western literature. It introduced first- person point of view to western thought. First- person point of view is an initiation to the concept of ‘self’. The City of God is the only work of St Augustine’s to episod More

St Augustine’s Confessions is the first autobiography in western literature. It introduced first- person point of view to western thought. First- person point of view is an initiation to the concept of ‘self’. The City of God is the only work of St Augustine’s to episodically include his political philosophy, and therefore a good reference to understand his views on the subject. The present article is to examine the relation between ‘self’ and ‘political power’ in St Agustin’s thought, employing an intertextual approach. In doing so, we will start by discussing the process of formation of ‘self’ in his thought. Then will refer to the ontological and epistemological origins of political power in The City of God. At the end, it is shown that the sense of ‘self’ has an instrumental approach to ‘political power’. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - The Nature of Political Affair in Augustine’s City of God

This article tries to cast a new light on the political implications of Saint Augustine’s City of God. Considering Peter Burnell views as in his “the status of politics in St. Augustine’s city of god”, we will show that in Augustine’s theology there is no room to discus More

This article tries to cast a new light on the political implications of Saint Augustine’s City of God. Considering Peter Burnell views as in his “the status of politics in St. Augustine’s city of god”, we will show that in Augustine’s theology there is no room to discuss “politics” as an autonomous subject. For him, politics is a matter of worldly and post Descent status. At best, politics in can be a means of maintaining peace and security at this temporal world, and as an abode for the pilgrims of “the City of God”. Though man is naturally considered as a “social being” in Augustine’s thought, he believes this feature has been faded at the result of “politicalization” which has been imposed on him by his post Descent condition. So Augustine, completely detaching from Greek tradition of political philosophy and denying of civic relations, depicts his own city of God in non-corporeal utopia. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - The Power Elite in the City of Tehran1 The Role of Decision Makers in Social Issues
ياسر جلالي رحمت‌الله صديق سروستاني

Using Elite Theory and Institutional Approach, the present article studies the power group in the city of Tehran. The main questions of the research are: Do the heads of important institutions in Tehran form a power elite group? And is this group influential dealing wit More

Using Elite Theory and Institutional Approach, the present article studies the power group in the city of Tehran. The main questions of the research are: Do the heads of important institutions in Tehran form a power elite group? And is this group influential dealing with the social problems of Tehran? The article concentrates on the state organizations of the city and takes it for granted that their heads are power elites. The Research method includes studying documents and interviews with the elites. We have gathered our data through study of the individuals’ performance, decision makings, and relations regarding some special events. Individuals’ social characteristics are part of our data, as well. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Investigating the Feeling of Relative Deprivation among the Baluch and its Effects on Political Violence
reza mahmoudoghli

اعزازي، شهلا (1380) جامعه‌شناسی خانواده، تهران، روشنگران و مطالعات زنان.## اي اپتر، ديويد و چالرز اف.## اندي بين (1380) اعتراض سياسي و تغيير اجتماعي، ترجمه محمدرضا سعيدآبادي، تهران، پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردي.## پاشایی، عباس (1369) فرهنگ اندیشه نو، تهران، مازیار.## تي More

اعزازي، شهلا (1380) جامعه‌شناسی خانواده، تهران، روشنگران و مطالعات زنان.## اي اپتر، ديويد و چالرز اف.## اندي بين (1380) اعتراض سياسي و تغيير اجتماعي، ترجمه محمدرضا سعيدآبادي، تهران، پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردي.## پاشایی، عباس (1369) فرهنگ اندیشه نو، تهران، مازیار.## تيلي، چارلز (1385) از بسيج تا انقلاب، ترجمه علي مرشدي¬زاد، تهران، پژوهشکده امام خميني و انقلاب اسلامي.## حافظ¬نيا، محمدرضا و مراد كاوياني (1385) «نقش هويت قومي در همبستگي ملي (مطالعه موردي: قوم بلوچ)»، مجله پژوهشي دانشگاه اصفهان، شماره 1 (پياپي 20)، صص 15-47.## ساندرز، ديويد (1380) الگوهاي بي ثباتي سياسي، ترجمه پژوهشكده مطالعات راهبردي، تهران، انتشارات پژوهشكده مطالعات راهبردي.## شيباني، مليحه (1384) «فقر محروميت و شهروندي در ايران»، رفاه اجتماعي، سال پنجم، شماره 18.## شيخ بيگلو، رعنا و دیگران (1391) «تحليل فضايي محروميت و نابرابري‌هاي توسعه در شهرستان‌هاي ايران»، رفاه اجتماعي، سال دوازدهم، شماره 46.## صالحی امیری، سیدرضا (1386) مفاهیم و نظریه‌های فرهنگی، تهران، ققنوس.## فکوهی، ناصر (1378) خشونت سیاسی: نظریات، مباحث، اشکال و راهکارها، پیام امروز.## کرد، یاسر (1389) بررسي برخي عوامل اجتماعي - فرهنگي مؤثر بر گرايش افراد به عضويت در گروه‌های تروريستي در استان سيستان و بلوچستان، پایان‌نامه کارشناسي ارشد.##، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي ـ واحد اصفهان.## كوهن، آلوين استانفورد (1379) نظریه‌های انقلاب، ترجمه عليرضا طيب، تهران، قومس.## گر، تد رابرت (1377) مدلي علي از منازعات داخلي در خشونت و جامعه، ترجمه اصغر افتخاري، نشر سفير.## گیدنز ، آنتونی (1376) جامعه شناسی، ترجمه منوچهر صبوری، تهران، نشر نی.## لهسایي¬زاده، عبدالعلي (1391) «نقش محروميت نسبي در افزايش خشونت‌هاي شهري مناطق حاشیه‌نشین (مطالعه موردی: شهر کرمانشاه)»، فصلنامه مطالعات شهري، سال دوم، شماره سوم، صص 21-64.## نش، کيت (1387) جامعه‌شناسی معاصر، ترجمه محمدتقي دلفروز، تهران، کوير.## هانتینگتون، ساموئل (1392) سامان سیاسی در جوامع دستخوش دگرگونی، ترجمه محسن ثلاثی، تهران، علم.## هولنـدر ، ادوين پـل (1378) روانشناسی اجتماعی: رهبـری و قـدرت تأتیــر ارتبـاط جمعی بر افكار عمومی و فعالیت سیاسی، ترجمــة احمـد رضـوانی ، مشهــد ، شركت بـه نشـر.## Bernburg, Jon Gunnarand Thorolfur horlindsson,and Inga Dora Sigfusdottir (2009) Relative Deprivation and Adolescent Outcomes in Iceland: A Multilevel Test, The University of North Caroiina Pres.## Boswell, T. Dixon, W. (1990) “Dependency and Rebellion”, ASR, 55 (4), 540-559.## Chandra, Siddharth and AngelaWilliams Foster (2005) ‘‘The Revolution of Rising Urban Social Disorders of the 1960s”, Social Science History, 29:2, 299–332.## Davies, J. C. (1962) "Toward A Theory Of Revolution", American, Sociological Review, 27 (1) pp. 5-19.## Dawson, J. I. (2001) Latvia’s Russian minority: balancing the imperatives of regional development and environmental justice Political Geography, No. 20, pp. 787–815.## Duncan, G (1968) A dictionary of sociology. Routledge and Kegau Paul, London.## Gatti, U., Tremblay, R. E., Vitaro, F., & McDuff, P. (2005) Youth gangs, delinquency and drug use: A test of the selection, facilitation, and enhancement hypotheses. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46.## Gurr, Ted Robert (1968) Psychologicat Factors in Civil Violenc, World Politics.## -------------------- (1970) Why Men Rebel, Princelon, n. g, Princton University Press.## -------------------- (1973) “The Renolution Change Nexlus,” Compurative Politics.## Messner, E. (1989) “Economic Discrimination and Societal Homicide Rates: Further Evidence on the Cost of Inequality”, American Sociological Review, 54 (4).## Moore, dahlia (2003) “perception of sense of control, relative deprivation, and expectationsof young jews and Palestinians in Israel”, the journal of social psychology, 143 (4) 521-540.## Muller, Edward (1988) “Democracy – Economic Development and Incom Inequality”, ASR, 53 (1), 50-68.## O’Neill, B. (2001) “Generational Patterns in the Political Opinions and Behaviour of Canadians: Separating the Wheat from the Chaff.” IRPP Policy Matters.## Vol. 2, no. 5.## Pearson, Julie A. and Michael D Fallacaro And Joseph E. Pellegrini (2009) “Perceived deprivation in Active Duty Military nurse Anesthetists”, AANA Journal, Vol. 77, No. 1.## Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - Measuring the internal coherence of political regime elements in Plato's laws
Seyyed Khodayar Mortazavi

This article examines the internal logic and relation of elements of the existing regime in Essay of the Laws based on their duties and powers, using the theory of "Spragens" and taking into account the crises in the society. The result of the work is to draw a model of More

This article examines the internal logic and relation of elements of the existing regime in Essay of the Laws based on their duties and powers, using the theory of "Spragens" and taking into account the crises in the society. The result of the work is to draw a model of the political regime in which we see a combination of the main elements of the two regimes, monarchy and democracy, and its most important goals are to ensure the prosperity and security of the members of the society. In this regime, the institution of the monarchy is at the top, but powerful council institutions such as the Night Council, Law Guards, and the City Council composed of experienced elites are foreseen, which, although they adjust the role of the king in the administration of affairs, in many cases, their duties overlap and paradoxical. In general, the arrangement of the institutions of this regime is such that due to the lack of internal coherence, it deprives the citizens of the possibility of dynamism and fundamental innovation or prosperity, and perpetuates a static and rigid state in various aspects of life. Also, this regime can be seen as a model between two ideal and real societies, which, although it is far from the model of the Republic, its real actualization is also very unlikely. Manuscript profile

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52 - Assessing the managerial and physical- spatial changes of Tehran peripheral cities (Case Study: Qods city)
hamidreza kouzehgar Alireza Estelaji

Rapid urbanization, rising growth of cities, ever-increasing accumulation of population in urban areas caused by migration, and finally converting the rural centers to urban detached places, and attaching a city to another one have unbalanced population and planning’s s More

Rapid urbanization, rising growth of cities, ever-increasing accumulation of population in urban areas caused by migration, and finally converting the rural centers to urban detached places, and attaching a city to another one have unbalanced population and planning’s spatial equilibrium, social damages and extended physical changes. These changes need managerial and physical- spatial transformations. Managing the boundaries of metropolises due to various economical, political, social and environmental reasons is a challenging problem among the connections of governmental levels. As well, Tehran metropolis has encountered a lot of problems in relation to development around its borders. This management is functionally and geographically a dispersed one. Therefore, applying urban integrated management system in these areas is an imperative need. The statistical population includes citizens and Experts (managers and officials) of the city of Quds. According to Cochran's formula, this number is equal to 384 for citizens and for Experts are designated equal to 226 people. In this paper the research data has been analyzed by SPSS software and the hypothesis has been analyzed by one-variable T-test. The results show that urban integrated management at Qods city as a peripheral town of Tehran metropolis is inappropriate and unacceptable. Only establishing this kind of management can bring about physical and servicing development and public satisfaction. In this relation, Joining Qods city to Tehran metropolis is very effective from the view of managerial and physical- spatial improvement. The city’s experts and residents are agreed with Tehran- Qods combination and believe that this act lead to political, economical, cultural and social transformations and bring about more budgets for Qods city. Manuscript profile

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53 - The comparative study of Arabian-Islamic Urban pattern with Iranian-Islamic Urban pattern (case study: Khartoum and shiraz)
علی احمدیان کیسمی

Islamic big cities like: khartom, Cairo, mashad, shiraz and… can be a pattern for other Islamic cities in the world. This cities have had different history. Since 19th century, this cities have experienced less traditional characters. Because in Africa and other reg More

Islamic big cities like: khartom, Cairo, mashad, shiraz and… can be a pattern for other Islamic cities in the world. This cities have had different history. Since 19th century, this cities have experienced less traditional characters. Because in Africa and other region, this cities have had changes in urban culture and this trend change local Arabic urban indexex. But Iranian cities have not experienced this history. morphologic urban indexes include: rest sense, place Identity, Perception of Beauty, Ideal view and fast access and so on.This paper study morphologic factors (subjective and objective) of Arabian -Islamic Urban pattern (Khartoum) with Iranian - Islamic Urban pathern (shiraz). We use from documentary and structural content analysis methods for comparative of Arabian-Islamic Urban pattern with Iranian-Islamic Urban pattern. results show that there is no significance different between morphologic indexes for Arabian - Islamic Urban pattern and Iranian - Islamic Urban pattern. On the other hands, there is Similarity subjective (rest sense and place Identity and Perception of Beauty) and objective (Ideal view, fast access) indexes. so, even though there is different in history, we see Similarity in morphologic urban indexes specially rest sense, place Identity, Perception of Beauty, Ideal view and fast access, for this cities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - Spatial Dynamics of Islamic City Based on Complexity Theory; Case Study: Tehran Central District
Hossein Hataminejad Ahmad pourahmad Keramatalah Zayyari Hosein Behbodi Moghadam

City is always dynamic and undergoing transformation. This dynamic in Islamic cities has been influenced by variety of exogenous and endogenous factors and has gotten complexity form. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the study of complexities of Islamic city s More

City is always dynamic and undergoing transformation. This dynamic in Islamic cities has been influenced by variety of exogenous and endogenous factors and has gotten complexity form. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the study of complexities of Islamic city spatial dynamics from the perspective of complexity theory and planning of these dynamics from the viewpoint of city as a complex system. Research Method in this paper is based on descriptive-analytical method and data collection method, based on documentary and field method. The statistical sample of the research consists of 85 urban managers and municipal experts (working in region 12, its six districts and Districts 1 and 2 of region 11), who have been identified based on the Cochran’s formula. Using the Mactor method and software and selecting the central part of Tehran as the study area, the following results were obtained: First, in recent decades, various factors and processes have played a role in the spatial dynamics of Tehran (As an Islamic and Muslim city) and its central part ,as They introduce it as a complex system. Second, the diversity of space actors with different positions of divergence, convergence and competition in the spatial dynamics of the central part of Tehran indicates the diversity, complexity and variety of elements involved in urban planning in this area. That is, in the study and planning of the Islamic city, one cannot rely on a single factor such as modernism or globalization, and the diversity of space processes and actors must be studied in terms of complexity theory, and all plans in urban planning have to consider this diversity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - Socialization in Iranian Governmental Organizations and Its Role in Citizenship Ethics in the Islamic Iranian City
غلامرضا مقدم سیف اله سیف اللهی محمدرضا جوادی یگانه

Undoubtedly today's world is the world of organizations. In any organization, although individuals are the primary agents of the organization, in fact, organizations themselves have an independent legal personality that, like any society, provides the basis for interact More

Undoubtedly today's world is the world of organizations. In any organization, although individuals are the primary agents of the organization, in fact, organizations themselves have an independent legal personality that, like any society, provides the basis for interaction between individuals and their socialization.On the other hand, today most of the Citizens' time are occupied by economic duties and presence in the workplace. Many people in this environment interact with different formal and informal groups and learn many of the values, norms and behaviors from that environment and internalize their behavior.Therefore, recognizing the increasing importance and scope of organizations and their role in the socialization of individuals, It is necessary to look at the economic and social structures of government agencies, as part of the pathology of ethics in the Islamic Iranian city.Organizations that play a large role in the citizenship ethics of their employees. Therefore, the issue of ethical training in the organization is important from both, a professional and a citizen's perspective that both of which are related to the concept of citizenship.In this study, grounded theory method was used and 25 staff members of one of the most high level governmental organizations of Iran located in Tehran were interviewed in depth.The findings show that ambiguity of ethical perception, avoidance of participation, ambiguity in role and goals and weakness of work culture are the phenomena affecting on disorganization which provide grounds for negative socialization of citizenship ethics in the city. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - Revisiting the Spatial Organization of Neighborhoods in the Iranian City in Terms of the Tradition of Mortmain; Case Study: Aligholi Agha neighborhood, Isfahan
Mina Kashani Hamedani Hassan Sajjadzadeh

mortmain has been existing for a long time in the field of urbanization. It is a multifaceted phenomenon with various physical, functional, social and economic dimensions. Identifying the effect of mortmain endowment on the building blocks of Iranian-Islamic cities, esp More

mortmain has been existing for a long time in the field of urbanization. It is a multifaceted phenomenon with various physical, functional, social and economic dimensions. Identifying the effect of mortmain endowment on the building blocks of Iranian-Islamic cities, especially through a historical approach, will help to clarify this concept. With its unique historical neighborhoods, the city of Isfahan which was mainly developed in the Safavid era under the influence of the idea of the Islamic city and mortmain offers a perfect opportunity for innovative historical research. From among the numerous historical neighborhoods in Isfahan, the neighborhood of Aligholi Agha was selected as the case of the present study due to the survival of its mortmain deeds. The hypothesis of this research is the influence of mortmain on the shape of Aligholi Agha neighborhood. The research seeks to find an answer to the question of how tradition of mortmain has affected the structure and creation of traditional neighborhood spaces?. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to analyze the spatial structure and physical elements of traditional neighborhoods from the perspective of mortmain tradition and based on the structuralism approach in Islamic city studies. Accordingly, in the process of traditional neighborhoods regeneration, a sustainable spatial organization can be achieved by relying on research findings. For this purpose, the research was conducted through a descriptive-analytical method, while reviewing the literature of the position of mortmain in Islamic thought and its impact on the structure of the Islamic city, and using library-documentary as well as field observations, historical documents and maps, and existing mortmain deeds. Our findings indicate that mortmain has been effective in the formation and further historical development of Aligholi Agha neighborhood centers in Isfahan and creating public buildings such as mosques, bath and other public buildings in this neighborhood. Also, due to the doctrinal and social dimensions of the mortmain tradition, the development and creation of Aligholi Agha neighborhood buildings, has created an interconnected and intertwined structure in the center of the neighborhood and has created sensitivity and participation of people in preserving and reviving traditional buildings in this neighborhood. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - Spatial-temporal Analysis Hotspots Theft Crime in the City of semnan
Esmaeil Najafi Keramatalah Zayyari Ali Reza Darban Astaneh

10.29252/.1.4.1

Background and Purpose:Nowadays the problem of increasing the rate of delinquency and social deviations is one of the most important and most fundamental problem in many cities in the world. After years criminologists have found that certain locations effect on crime. S More

Background and Purpose:Nowadays the problem of increasing the rate of delinquency and social deviations is one of the most important and most fundamental problem in many cities in the world. After years criminologists have found that certain locations effect on crime. So in recent years researches about the interaction between the physical environment of cities and social ills and crime has become increasingly important. Theft is one of the most important types of crime and delinquency. There are a variety of different forms of theft at the community level. Method:This study, Identifying and Spatial-temporal Analysis of urban Crime Hotspots, have been conducted in Semnan. Geographical information system and SPSS software are used in this study to do spatial and temporal analyze. In this study some crimes have been studied as a sample that took place in legal limit of Semnan city in range of 1394/1/1 until 1394/29/12. Then after preparing a database of theft and using statistical and graphical tests, crime hotspots have been identified and analyzed in a spatial way in Semnan city. This is a descriptive and analytical research and data is provided by library and statistical information and field observations. Findings and results:The results showed that the urban crime hotspots of Semnan are in the Imam street. With more details this area extends from Imam square to Mazandaran crossroad. These hotspots also lay in Semnan market. This market is in the crowded and bustling part of city and has mostly commercial function and unsuitable physical structure. It is cleared that in terms of time, the highest rate of theft in Semnan city had occurred in warm months of year as well as the initial days of the week. The results showed that most of thefts had occurred in a time between 9 A.M until 13 P.M. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - Analysis of the livability of mass housing (Case study: Bahar neighborhood of Isfahan)
farzaneh dehghani gishi daryoush moradi

10.29252/.1.4.39

Increasing population in cities has led to mass housing. Today, the erosion of dense areas and high-rise buildings are among the realities of large cities and have created special problems, problems and needs. Such tissues are facing a decrease in living conditions day More

Increasing population in cities has led to mass housing. Today, the erosion of dense areas and high-rise buildings are among the realities of large cities and have created special problems, problems and needs. Such tissues are facing a decrease in living conditions day by day. Because of physical deterioration, lack of proper facilities, services and urban infrastructure is vulnerable and has a low spatial, environmental and economic value. Bahar neighborhood, which is located in the south of Isfahan, after 47 years of its construction, has faced a decline in livability conditions, and these old buildings have created an unfavorable view for the 6th district of Isfahan. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the viability of residential components, production-service institutions and public housing, the condition of adapted ducts and decision-making structure. To evaluate the status of the mentioned indicators, questionnaires with a sample size 135 residents of Bahar neighborhood were compiled and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and mean test using SPSS software. According to the results of the study, the spatial-activity structure of housing and decision-making structure are the most important areas in poor condition, and dilapidated and low-durability buildings, lack of investment in housing, lack of participation of residents, low economic potential of residents Resident’s lack of trust in the municipality, the difficulty of obtaining a construction permit in the neighborhood is one of its most important components Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

59 - Investigation and Determination of the Evolution Process of Architecture in the Structure of the Tabriz bazaar with emphasis on contextualism
Prosha Bahrieh sahar tofan شبنم اکبری نامدار

10.29252/.10.39.5

Contextualism, as an important approach in architecture emphasizes upon the preservation of traces of the past and the differences and the features of each culture and it is rooted in the identity of every nation. The ancient texture of cities carries rich signs of the More

Contextualism, as an important approach in architecture emphasizes upon the preservation of traces of the past and the differences and the features of each culture and it is rooted in the identity of every nation. The ancient texture of cities carries rich signs of the culture and identity of forebears and Iranian traditional architecture is no exception to this rule, at the same time it’s a rich instance of harmony and co-habitation with environmental characteristics and spatial values. In traditional Iranian cities, bazaar was considered to be a fundamental element so that the city was recognized and appreciated for its bazaar. The Tabriz bazaar arranged in a complete city block has a long antiquity, vastness, functional diversity and architectural values. The current research makes attempt to elucidate and determine contextual factors influencing the Tabriz bazaar at urban (site location, formation and development) and architectural (dispersion of physical elements and function) scales. Therefore, the research questions are explained as follows: first, which contextual factors have been influential in the site location, formation and development of the Tabriz bazaar (Large scale)? Secondly, which contextual factors have been influential in the dispersion of physical elements and functions of the Tabriz bazaar (Intermediate scale)? The methodology of the research is deductive, which is based on the analysis of the content of documents. Thereby, the research attempts to re-read the subject matter and to draw a conclusion through the study of documents, exploration of historical books and logbooks, analysis of maps and old aerial images of Tabriz and the bazaar, as well as analysis of field survey findings of the existing condition of the bazaar. The extraction of contextual factors affecting the formation of the bazaar on the metropolitan scale and architectural programming related to the physical and functional dispersion shows that the formation and development of Tabriz bazaar and its elements over the ages have been influenced by the environmental, cultural, social, political, governmental and economic structure of the city. The effect of the contextual index in terms of the status of the political geography of the city and the economic value of the structural index of bazaar on the formation of necessity characteristic, supply-demand relationship and its manifestation in the form of Tabriz bazaar on large and medium scale has been found to be of more importance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

60 - Dimensional analysis as a method in research on Islamic city
Bahador Zamani ehsan babaei salanghoch

The applicability of the qualitative research system and its specific strategies namely grounded theory is worth considering for contributing to the knowledge with the valid scientific theories and doctrines in order to raise the level of awareness and to help predict a More

The applicability of the qualitative research system and its specific strategies namely grounded theory is worth considering for contributing to the knowledge with the valid scientific theories and doctrines in order to raise the level of awareness and to help predict and solve the existing problems of the urbanity and urban planning particularly in Islamic contexts. Grounded theory as one of the strategies of qualitative method has been developed with various readings in recent decades. Dimensional analysis as one of the readings of the grounded theory, being devised by Schutzman has been applied in various scientific disciplines; however, this method has been less used in urban research. This paper demonstrates the capabilities of this method for research in general and Islamic city research in particular. Accordingly, two questions are asked: What is the process and capability of the dimensional analysis method? To what extent is this method applicable to Islamic city research? The paper is organized into two main sections. In the first section, the background, philosophical foundations and theoretical underpinnings and steps of the dimensional analysis method are discussed taking into consideration the possibilities and capabilities of this method for research. In the second part of the paper, this method is used for a sample study in Islamic urban context. In this section, the concept of Islamic city has been studied by various scholars scrutinizing the various dimensions and methods used to construct this concept and provide an explanatory framework in this regard. The results of this section come up with six distinct models of Islamic city in related texts and narratives, including Islamic habitat (not city) model; timeless city model; physical model; Muslims’ city model; Islamic civilization model; and city-in-Muslims’ territory model. The findings of this study not only emphasize the advantages and usefulness of dimensional analysis for urban research, but it also implies that any use of this method –such as any other quantitative and qualitative methods – requires its own related ontological and epistemological considerations and adaptation in line with the research details particularly its aim/s and question/s. Manuscript profile

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61 - An Analysis of the Role of the Great Hosseinieh in the Formation of the Secondary Structure of Zanjan in the Qajar Era and the Its Persistence Causes
Ahad Nejadebrahimi MohammadJavad Heydari

The government found more religious convergence with the people in the Qajar era. Because, in addition to the people, the government was also active in constructing religious places, such as Dolat (government) and Nasiriyah Tekyeh in Tehran and Zanjan city. This factor More

The government found more religious convergence with the people in the Qajar era. Because, in addition to the people, the government was also active in constructing religious places, such as Dolat (government) and Nasiriyah Tekyeh in Tehran and Zanjan city. This factor not only increased the influence of the Shi’i religion and publicized its religious rituals, but, in addition to influencing the physical organization of the city, it paved the way for another structure too. This structure was not defined by physical element such as the main structure. Contrary to the main structure, this structure was a symbolic and semantic that arose as a result of social action. This structure was a result of citizen’s image of mind of the urban spatial sense and identity that the social construction (religious behavior of citizens) has played a major role in its shaping and, contrary to the main structure of the city, has undergone a change. The purpose of this research is to explain the role and influence of the Hosseinieh Azam (great Hosseinieh) in the formation of the secondary structure of Zanjan in the Qajar era. The research method is historical, descriptive and analytical. Documentary and field study method has been used in gathering the required information. Results of this research showed that the construction or development of the great Hosseinieh and the formation of its mourning group in the Qajar era have played an important role in creating the secondary structure of the city of Zanjan. A structure that has persistence to this time. Manuscript profile

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62 - Identification and explanation effective factors in Fire Stations site selection in run down texture
Ahmad Heydari Hamidreza Joudaki

From among available uses and services, significant importance is distribution efficient site selection of Fire station, in the case of important and attention to the safety and arrangement in coping on fire and accident with increase Population and density in city ,ser More

From among available uses and services, significant importance is distribution efficient site selection of Fire station, in the case of important and attention to the safety and arrangement in coping on fire and accident with increase Population and density in city ,services, fire organization is duty supply in the coping with fire. In run down and old texture because of supply suitable access and minimum standard time to fire place and in general supply urban safety establish fire station is more important. The basic goal of this research is identification main factors in site selection for establish fire stations in run down texture. In this research ,at first survey and identification main factors in site selection in run down texture with use of AHP method ,this is a multi-criteria decision making and then weighting and prioritization fire station site selection criterion and sub criterion. The results show that between factor such as access, population density, nearness and natural disasters, access factor appropriating access most weight in fire stations site selection in Tehran run down texture. Manuscript profile

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63 - Comparative analysis of Tradition and Modernity from the perspective of Dr. Seyed Hossein Nasr; A traditionalist approach towards the Islamic city
Hamidreza saremi Niloofar Hashemi

Philosophers’ confrontation with concepts such as “tradition” and “modernity” have always been discussed by groups with different views and each group has attempted to define these concepts based on their own understanding of the subject and index them tailored to their More

Philosophers’ confrontation with concepts such as “tradition” and “modernity” have always been discussed by groups with different views and each group has attempted to define these concepts based on their own understanding of the subject and index them tailored to their particular worldview. Discussions on the concepts of tradition and modernity, the functions of each, the extent and intensity of each and the effectiveness of each concept in the current contemporary conditions have made it difficult to define a comprehensive and accurate definition without specifying an exclusive approach towards the topic. Therefore, this paper seeks to examine, analyze and critique the views of one of the leading professors of traditionalism, Dr. Seyed Hossein Nasr- impressed by Rene Guenon on and Frithjof Schuon and specialized in Islamic mysticism and philosophy, comparative theology, and the history of science in Islam- the issue of the crisis of the opposition between tradition and modernity in the contemporary world. Thus, by analyzing the content of Dr. Nasr's numerous publications, the concept of tradition and traditionalism, the pillars of traditional thought, traditional art, architecture and traditional urban planning from his point of view have been studied. In the next step, the above-mentioned cases will be examined in relation to the “modernist” thought. Finally, after a comprehensive critique of Dr. Nasr's views on the traditional Islamic city and the new Islamic city, final analysis will provide a valuable summary of the application of the concepts of tradition and modernity in Dr. Nasr's thought. This comparative analysis, which includes the dimensions of origin, temporal and spatial constraints, anthropology, art, artist, aesthetics, principles, architecture, architect, development, city, relationship with nature and environmental principles can guide traditionalist beliefs in solving the crisis of contemporary modernity. Manuscript profile

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64 - Components of place quality in the Iranian-Islamic city
Hamidreza saremi Bahare Bahra

Human presence in urban places means connection to collective existence and the space perceived by them is the result of a discourse between mind and society. Therefore, the quality of interactions resulting from the qualities of place proposed in the West, with the men More

Human presence in urban places means connection to collective existence and the space perceived by them is the result of a discourse between mind and society. Therefore, the quality of interactions resulting from the qualities of place proposed in the West, with the mental qualities in the Islamic approach, will not be effective in expressing the facts of human interactions with place. Therefore, the present study aims to achieve a model of place quality in the Iranian-Islamic city and in accordance with the Islamic school and thought seeks to answer the questions that what are the components affecting the meaning of place from the point of view of the Iranian-Islamic city? What are the necessary qualities to create an Iranian-Islamic urban place? What is the quality model of the place in the Iranian-Islamic city? In order to achieve the purpose of the research and answer the mentioned questions, qualitative methodology and content analysis strategy have been discussed in a descriptive-analytical process and content analysis of relevant resources in the field of Iranian-Islamic city. The model of place quality in the present study is based on the theory of phenomenal originality of meaning based on the idea that the place form is the most basic level of human interaction with the environment. Also, it has a completely tangible and physical nature and can be considered an object independent of human presence and knowledge. Human knowledge of the environment and the emergence of new concepts following the human presence in the environment, will provide the context for the emergence of the content of the place. For this reason, place and the meaning of place in the present study are considered to have two “subjective components” and “objective components”, which are inseparable in the content of place. According to the research results, the subjective component includes three components “perceptual”, “social” and “managerial” and the objective component has three components “function”, “shape” and “nature”. These components include a total of 52 qualities of places that make the model of quality of Iranian-Islamic city and can be considered in planning, design, management and decision-making and evaluation of the quality of Iranian-Islamic urban places. Manuscript profile

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65 - Knowledge Based City As an Interdisciplinary Concept

The emergence of interdisciplinary approach, caused very diverse and wide composing and commingling of different areas. One of the phenomena that it’s interdisciplinary nature is clear, is phenomenon of the city. The concept of "knowledge based city" is very broad and m More

The emergence of interdisciplinary approach, caused very diverse and wide composing and commingling of different areas. One of the phenomena that it’s interdisciplinary nature is clear, is phenomenon of the city. The concept of "knowledge based city" is very broad and may include all aspects of social, economic and cultural dimensions. knowledge based city with the aim of developing based on knowledge, by creating continuous encouragement, sharing, evaluating, modernization and update knowledge. knowledge based city involved diffrent range of sciences such as economy, geography and urban planning and social sciences and many other areas of expertise. knowledge based city is depend on knowledge based development to create continuous encouragement, sharing, evaluating, modernization and update knowledge. This can be achieved through continuous interaction between citizens and at the same time take place between them and citizens of other cities. The method of this article is documentary and library research related method with aims to explore and analyze the concept of knowledge based city. The findings of this research with study few internal And external studies resources, resulting in the presentation of dimensions, elements and indicators category that related to knowledge based city and in other words, identify collaborative and interdisciplinary dimensions of "knowledge based city" concept. In terms of this paper, dimensions of knowledge based city was place economy, sustainable urban design (physical), the development of knowledge based (social) and components and indicators that have been associated with each other. This means that the economic location; components of access to skilled and diverse labor, access to developed infrastructure and location direct costs, appropriate urban design (physical), component of access to scientific and academic environment and the existence of local consumer market and ultimately the development of knowledge based (social) components of culture, have been covered sharing of the knowledge Manuscript profile

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66 - The Place of the Prophet in Ibn Sina’s Ideal City
Mohammad Akvan Fatemeh Mohammad

As a divine philosopher, Ibn Sina has dealt with politics in his metaphysical discussions. Apparently, he has not written an independent work on politics and has considered it to be a part of practical wisdom. In his view, the prophet represents the “ideal ruler” and re More

As a divine philosopher, Ibn Sina has dealt with politics in his metaphysical discussions. Apparently, he has not written an independent work on politics and has considered it to be a part of practical wisdom. In his view, the prophet represents the “ideal ruler” and revelation and tradition represent the law. Since, before him, Farabi has discussed politics extensively in his al-Siyasah al-madaniyyah (Civil Politics), Ibn Sina does not see any need to provide more explanations in this regard and deals with this field in short without presenting the details. However, he has discussed the quality of choosing a leader and devising laws for his utopia extensively. In fact, he has completed the same prophetic politics that Farabi had initiated previously. The present paper briefly deals with Ibn Sina’s political system in order to clarify the place of the prophet in the hierarchy of his utopia. In this way, the quality of establishing a utopia based on the “definitive text” as the best method of electing a ruler is clearly illustrated. Moreover, the authors demonstrate how the nature of Ibn Sina’s view of the caliphate and the Prophet’s successor bring him closer to the Imamiyyah political philosophy. Manuscript profile

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67 - A Comparative Study of Utopia in Islamic Thinkers: A Case Study of the Views of Khwajah Nasir al-Din Tusi and Ibn Sina
Mahdi Torkashvand Ali Khajeh Naieni

The negation of painful worldly affairs and trying to depict a purely good world in the mind of a human being who has experienced a descent from heaven to the earth has a long history. This thought has resulted in the development of the idea of Utopia by Western and Eas More

The negation of painful worldly affairs and trying to depict a purely good world in the mind of a human being who has experienced a descent from heaven to the earth has a long history. This thought has resulted in the development of the idea of Utopia by Western and Eastern thinkers. Khwajah Nasir al-Din Tusi and Ibn Sina are among the scholars who have theorized in this regard and elaborated on the various dimensions of their own Utopia. The present study was conducted using a descriptive design and examining the existing documents regarding Ibn Sina and Tusi’s views of Utopia. The results of the study indicate that the differences between their descriptions of Utopia pertain to their theoretical approach, their views of the kind of leadership and attributes of the head of Utopia, Ibn Sina’s hierarchical and class-oriented view, and an accurate view of the components of Utopia in Ibn Sina’s philosophy in comparison to Tusi, while they both agree with each other with respect to their worldviews, the conditions they set for attaining the leadership of Utopia, and compromising view of the existing status. Evidently, given the Islamic worldview of both thinkers, the findings of this study could be a useful first step for portraying an Islamic city. Manuscript profile

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68 - A Comparative Analysis of the Views of Farabi and Ibn Arabi concerning the Place of Ethics and Gnosis in their Utopia
Fereshteh Nadry Abyaneh

In this paper, by examining the ethical-gnostic identity of utopia in the views of Farabi (as the founder of Islamic philosophy) and Ibn Arabi (as the founder of Islamic gnosis), the writers portray the three main pillars of this state, namely, leadership, distinctive f More

In this paper, by examining the ethical-gnostic identity of utopia in the views of Farabi (as the founder of Islamic philosophy) and Ibn Arabi (as the founder of Islamic gnosis), the writers portray the three main pillars of this state, namely, leadership, distinctive feature, and the purpose behind its establishment based on the fundamental concepts of perfection, justice, and ultimate happiness. They also demonstrate that these concepts are realized in their most sublime form in the Mahdawi Medina. From among the other problems discussed in this research, we can refer to the emphasis on the place of the intellect and knowledge in this regard as well as the instances of non-utopian cities in the eyes of these two thinkers. A comparative analysis of the ideas of Farabi and Ibn Arabi indicates that, in spite of their similar views concerning the main pillars of utopia, the basic principles of their gnostic and philosophical ideas and thoughts in this respect are different. From among these differences we can refer to the place of the problem of utopia, the foundations of the development of this idea, the language used to present it, determining its referent and expressing the level of its transcendence, and the quality of believing in the necessity of the objective realization of utopia. Manuscript profile

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69 - Telecommunications and changes in management and planning methods of future city
رضا خیرالدین امید خزائیان

Moving towards information age which is the undeniable reality of third millennium, is more fundamental than conventional imaginations about the rise of computers or virtual spaces number only. In this era, a considerable share of intra and inter-urban communications do More

Moving towards information age which is the undeniable reality of third millennium, is more fundamental than conventional imaginations about the rise of computers or virtual spaces number only. In this era, a considerable share of intra and inter-urban communications done by Telecommunications, which is not only independent from geographical and physical environment, but also is completely intangible and invisible. Significant advances in telecommunications and undermining of time and distance constraints, in one hand, dominate a new logic –space of flows- on world geography and in the other hand, define the future city as an integrated physical- virtual phenomenon. Now the key question is that in such situation, to what extent the conventional methods in urban management based on only physical reality of cities, can manage and plan the new trends of future physical-virtual city? In this research, with a fundamental approach and analysis-based method, first we clarified the main features of current management and planning by studying the basic principals of industrial society. Then by comparing these with changes in the information era, the conformation of conventional methods has been evaluated. The research shows that these methods mainly don’t have enough correspondence with the principals of the new age. This leads to decrease in the efficiency of such patterns for the future city. These Incompatibilities have been explained as three challenges faced with current management and planning methods: challenge in concepts, challenge in method and challenge in indicators. Finally, we noted to some important point should be considered in the management and planning the future city. Manuscript profile

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70 - Social and cultural Impact Assessment of Sports Complexes: A Case Study of Narmak Sports Complex
Ma’soumeh MohaqeqMontazeri

One of the biggest problems facing cities, especially large ones is inadequate share and distribution of sports facilities due to the size of urban population and insufficient government budget. Construction of Narmak Sports Complex is one of the projects that have been More

One of the biggest problems facing cities, especially large ones is inadequate share and distribution of sports facilities due to the size of urban population and insufficient government budget. Construction of Narmak Sports Complex is one of the projects that have been implemented with the aim of developing sports and leisure areaaligned with the Comprehensive Master-plan for Tehran City and the Detailed Plan of Region 8. It also aimed to transform a polluted site into a service area.The present study seeks to identify the social and cultural impacts of this project and to estimate the positive and negative outcomes within the project-affected area. This research took a mixed approach combining documentary and field methods, and tools such as observation, in-depth and semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and focused group discussions were used to collect data.The findings of this study show that besides positive impacts such as increasing sports spaceper capita, eliminating environmental pollution, improving the urban landscape, reducing household costs, reducing perceived public insecurity, enriching leisure activity patterns, etc., this projectalso has negative impacts such as reducing market share of pre-existing sports complexes, causing traffic problems due to lack of parking space and increasing traffic jams in the area. Manuscript profile

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71 - The Relation between Human, Home, and City in Religious Texts of Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam
mohammadreza rahimzadeh zahra alebouyeh

The mainstream of the developments that have guided and shaped the contemporary human dwelling, has been the subject of concern and criticism by many diverse groups of thinkers. Many theorists have tried to re-think the concepts of dwelling and have created new perspect More

The mainstream of the developments that have guided and shaped the contemporary human dwelling, has been the subject of concern and criticism by many diverse groups of thinkers. Many theorists have tried to re-think the concepts of dwelling and have created new perspectives. Human happiness is the center of attention of all religious traditions. With this premised, it seems that an effort from this point of view can explain things that -in the current view of architecture- have been neglected or forgotten. The purpose of this research is to find out what are the principles and criterions to the body and the container of human life by referring to religious texts, and what is the relationship between the human and the container of his dwelling. The research method is comparative and interpretative, and its resources are the texts of Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam and some of their interpretations. In the first part of the article, human’s existential relation to his dwelling containorin the context of thinking based on the mentioned religions has been investigated, and in the second part, the comparative analysis of the basic differences and commonalities has been discussed. The findings of the research show that, despite the differences in categories and terms to human and the levels and scales of his dwelling, the studied religions have one thing in common, and is that they do not make a fundamental and essential distinction between city, home, and human body, as they do for the human soul, the home dweller and the city dweller and consider the same principles for all these. From the point of view of all three religions, the world in which a person lives, the body, the house, and the city, is a whole unit that consists of a metamaterial or heavenly area in addition to the material or earthly area.However, in modern thought, withthe domination of specialization and its expansion, has put forward a new approach in understanding and dealing with human and his dwelling, which is accurate but in comparison with religious thinking, in terms of the ranks are limited, different in terms of priorities, and inconsistent in terms of scales. Manuscript profile

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72 - Evaluation of Technology in the architecture of Contemporary residential complexes (Case Study: Complexes of Tehran City from the Pahlavi Period until Today)
Sonya Silvayeh abbas ghaffari Maziar Asefi Abbas Yazdanfar

Residential architecture in Iran, and especially in the city of Tehran, has been changing since the beginning of the Pahlavi government. that, this developments were incomplete and led to the conversion of traditional, single-unit buildings into apartment complexes with More

Residential architecture in Iran, and especially in the city of Tehran, has been changing since the beginning of the Pahlavi government. that, this developments were incomplete and led to the conversion of traditional, single-unit buildings into apartment complexes with vertical living. In the meantime, one of the most important factors influencing these developments is the new technologies resulting from the industrial revolution, which as a powerful factor, has in turn created undesirable developments. Because today, despite the fact that buildings have become more suitable and better due to the development of newer equipment and materials, it has adopted an intimate and inhumane design process. Therefore, this study reflects the impact of technology on the architecture of residential complexes in the contemporary period and during the two periods of Pahlavi and the Islamic Revolution, to achieve this, in the theoretical part with a qualitative approach and library studies and using the analytical-descriptive method, a theoretical framework is provided. In the practical part, the mentioned theoretical framework is evaluated through SPSS statistical program and finally personal analysis by field studies and questionnaire compilation. The research findings indicate that; there is a relatively weak relationship between the independent variable of "hard tools" from the discussion of technology and dependent variable of "residential complex" in the Pahlavi period compared to the period of the Islamic Revolution, but for the period of the Islamic Revolution, this relationship is more visible and stronger. So that the intensity of this relationship in the Pahlavi period with an average of 0.207 and in the Islamic Revolution with an average of 0.390. Among the significant issues; the important of "interior architecture/plan" in both mentioned periods is higher than the other two discussions, i.e. "interior decoration" and "area/ facade" in the architecture of complexes. Manuscript profile

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73 - Explanation the Dimensions and Components of an appropriate pattern of Earthquake Disaster Management in Deteriorated Urban Areas in Tehran city
asad razani Kamal Nozari Mojtaba Rafiyan

Due to the high vulnerability of deteriorated urban areas, a systematic precaution is needed to provide features and components of an effective pattern for disaster management in these areas that clarify the dimensions of decision-making in earthquake risk management in More

Due to the high vulnerability of deteriorated urban areas, a systematic precaution is needed to provide features and components of an effective pattern for disaster management in these areas that clarify the dimensions of decision-making in earthquake risk management in them. The purpose of this research is to investigate the dimensions and components of an appropriate disaster management pattern in deteriorated urban areas in order to control and reduce the damage caused by the earthquake in the period before its occurrence (prevention stage) in deteriorated urban areas in Tehran. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, and because it tries to establish a relationship between the dimensions and components of earthquake disaster management in deteriorated urban areas, it is exploratory. After identifying the dimensions and components of the disaster management pattern in deteriorated areas in documentary studies (theoretical foundations, Iranian and global experiences). It has been accurate and prioritized by referring to experts and proprietors. In the next step, the coefficient of significance of each component is specified and the results of the questionnaires evaluated and validated in content by using the PLS software. The results of the research show that in the field of disaster management in the deteriorated urban areas of Tehran. It is necessary to have a risk management and pre-thinking and pre- disaster management view before looking at the disaster management with a post- disaster view in these areas. In the pre-disaster stage, attention to different dimensions and considering the effective components of each of these dimensions in disaster management (social and cultural, physical-environmental, economic, structural and managerial, legal- rule and infrastructures dimensions) in deteriorated urban areas and their application can ultimately lead to decreasing vulnerability and promoting the resilience of these area in the face of various events, including the earthquakes. Manuscript profile

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74 - Philosophical Training of Children
Hosein Ataie

Plato in his Republic and Laws while describing the foundations of his ideal city, stressed that the training of people should commence from their childhood. Drawing attention to children as started from earlier ages extended to the contemporary period as well. Here a q More

Plato in his Republic and Laws while describing the foundations of his ideal city, stressed that the training of people should commence from their childhood. Drawing attention to children as started from earlier ages extended to the contemporary period as well. Here a question may arise as why did philosophers concern about the training of children? Whether children also should follow the same ethical rules that elders do or they have to follow particular ethical rules? The present article, with reference to Islamic-Iranian thinking, tries to study the importance of philosophical approach in training children, and stress the necessary of philosophical training in religious training and outline the principles of philosophical training. But first the concept of training should be clarified. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

75 - The effect of tourism on increasing the income of villagers Case study: Villages of Chabaksar section of Rudsar city
sabere salahkar

t For countries like Iran, oil revenues are considered an economic rent that does not have any direct inductive effects in terms of raising the level of production in the economy. While the tourism industry is chained to some economic activities and its prosperity, in t More

t For countries like Iran, oil revenues are considered an economic rent that does not have any direct inductive effects in terms of raising the level of production in the economy. While the tourism industry is chained to some economic activities and its prosperity, in terms of increasing revenues in the economy of the host country has a significant impact. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of tourism on increasing the income of the studied villages, which has been done by survey and descriptive-analytical methods. The statistical population of the study is the residents of 7 selected tourist villages from Siakhlorud and Oshian districts of Chabaksar district of Rudsar city, which according to Cochran's formula, 331 people have been done using stratified sampling method. Questionnaire is the most important data collection tool in the present study, the validity of which has been confirmed by technical experts and the reliability of the research tool has been confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 94%. Explained with a mean of 3.79 and standard deviation of 0.51. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

76 - Social and cultural impact assessment of the construction project of ImamZadeh Hassan Boulevard pedestrian zone in Karaj
e d رحمان جهانی دولت‌آباد

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the construction of sidewalks in the area of Imamzadeh Hassan Boulevard in Karaj. This sidewalk is about 300 meters long and is located between the holy shrine of Imamzadeh Hassan and Quds Square in the agenda o More

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the construction of sidewalks in the area of Imamzadeh Hassan Boulevard in Karaj. This sidewalk is about 300 meters long and is located between the holy shrine of Imamzadeh Hassan and Quds Square in the agenda of Karaj Municipality. The theoretical model of the research is based on the concept of “sidewalk as an urban public space” inorder to use the opinions of experts in various fields as well as field observations has been used. The theoretical model of the research is based on the concept of “sidewalk as urban public space”.In order to evaluate the consequences of the action, various quantitative and qualitative methods, including surveying in the field of project intervention, interviews with various stakeholders, using the opinions of experts in various fields, and field observations have been performed. Consequences assessment has been done in the form of two scenarios, including passive scenario (status quo) and minimum scenario (status quo adjustment) and in assessing each of the scenarios, the consequences of the action in three areas including traffic, social and institutional context has examined. The results show that the area under study in the current situation has many problems including traffic, social and institutional issues. If the first scenario is realized and this situation continues in all three areas, we will see the complete dominance of negative effects on the positive effects, including traffic issues, opposition and dissatisfaction of residents and increasing social harms. If the first scenario is realized (adopting a passive approach) in any of the three areas of traffic, institutional and social, the favorable situation for the study area is not predicted. In other words, the area in question in the current situation faces challenges that necessitate a change in this area. While, the results show that the implementation of any maximum action in the area under review is also far from expected due to the lack of legal, operational and financial contexts. Therefore, the proposed plan of Ataf introduces the adoption of a minimal approach in the implementation of the road construction project as a desirable option. If the city managers approve and decide on the implementation of the road construction project, this plan is based on the idea that this project will be designed and implemented in two independent phases but with common goals. In the first phase, a set of pre-implementation corrective measures is considered and in the second phase, undergraduate and specialized studies are on the agenda. In this vein, Ataf Group has tried to provide solutions for better implementation of each of these phases. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

77 - Social and cultural impact assessment of city of Tehran’s homeless shelters
سمیه مومنی هادی درویشی

The purpose of the study is to assess social and cultural impacts of Homeless Housing Assistance Center of Tehran Naft District 5th District Municipality And providing Corrective and compensatory solutions to make this project work better. The descriptive-analytical met More

The purpose of the study is to assess social and cultural impacts of Homeless Housing Assistance Center of Tehran Naft District 5th District Municipality And providing Corrective and compensatory solutions to make this project work better. The descriptive-analytical method has been used with stakeholder analysis approach to achieve this goal. On the one hand, it can be said the negative impact of Farahzad Valley’s neighborhoods on the function and the image of the businessman by regarding the geographical scope of the impact of the surrounding environment of Homeless Housing Assistance Center On its function as The main focus of the social damage is the Naft area By creating urban defenseless spaces, The presence of homeless people And trash exacerbation On the function and the image of Homeless Housing Assistance Center And on the other hand, in the social domain, one can claim that If one of the main goals of the construction of Homeless Housing Assistance Center is to prevent the deaths of addicted and homeless people in public roads and to preserve urban furniture and to eliminate these people from the city’s face rather than rehabilitation, The findings and data of the research indicate the success of the 5th District Municipality in creating a comfortable dormitory space for clients. But, in the end, two main damage to the function of the Homeless Housing Assistance Center can be identified: 1. becoming Homeless Housing Assistance Center to Permanent residence of clients and their precipitate and 2. Discontinuing the Empowerment Cycle of Clients and as a result the loss of Retrospective nature of the collection. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

78 - The relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and urban sustainable development by using the pattern of entrepreneurial city
Babak Ziyae mehran rezvani Mohammad Eynolghozat

With the increase of urbanization, many economic and social problems have arisen, so the urban management system using various tools and policies to create sustainable development in metropolitan areas. One of these policies is the development of the entrepreneurial cit More

With the increase of urbanization, many economic and social problems have arisen, so the urban management system using various tools and policies to create sustainable development in metropolitan areas. One of these policies is the development of the entrepreneurial city. The aim of this study is to explain the role of corporate entrepreneurship in the process of forming an entrepreneurial city as a strategy for sustainable development. Also; the role of corporate entrepreneurship in creating the necessary infrastructure to create an entrepreneurial city has been contemplated. The research method is qualitative and grounded theory as an emergent method is used, so that first qualitative data were obtained by examining the research background and using the systematic review method and also using content analysis tools, collection and the basic structure of classification of variables. Then, according to the life experience of the authors of the research, each of whom has scientific and practical expertise in the field of this research, the main variables and components of the research were extracted and finally the conceptual model of the research was obtained. Findings showed that while classifying the components into three categories: 1- structural conditions 2- social interaction of agents and structure 3- outcomes; The entrepreneurial city is proposed as a new policy in the sustainable development of metropolises that the entrepreneurial city is a new policy in sustainable development of metropolises and one of the ways to create it is the development of corporate entrepreneurship so that corporate entrepreneurship and economic performance of metropolises have a positive and significant relationship with each other. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

79 - The Role of Religious tourism in The Planning System of Qom City
esmail aliakbari Seyed Mehdi Musa Kazemi ali nejat torkaman

Religious tourism is a type of tourism in which participants are motivated by religious reasons. The aim of the research is to investigate the role of religious tourism in the planning system of Qom city. This research has been developed in terms of practical purpose an More

Religious tourism is a type of tourism in which participants are motivated by religious reasons. The aim of the research is to investigate the role of religious tourism in the planning system of Qom city. This research has been developed in terms of practical purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method. The data obtained from the research was collected by documentary and field method based on the opinions of 35 experts and using a researcher-made questionnaire. The research findings showed; Religious tourism is not directly mentioned in any document or development plan until the fifth plan. The prioritization of the components showed that the shrine of Hazrat Masoumeh (PBUH), the Jamkaran Mosque and religious places are known as the most important components in the development of the landuses of Qom city, and the planners and officials of the regional levels and the national and local level planners have the lowest rank among the components according to the experts. Also, the results of the research showed that the planning system's attention to religious tourism in Qom city and the whole country is moderate to low. Concluding, as a social and cultural reality, religious tourism plays an essential role in the sustainable development of Qom and the country's tourism, and executives, planners and activists can provide reasons for the development of religious tourism in its various dimensions by preparing and implementing development plans. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

80 - Management of Iranian-Islamic Cities with a Knowledge-based City Approach (Case Study: Shiraz)
Mehrab Shahrivar hossein kalantari khalil abad Gholamreza Latifi

The city of knowledge is one of the created concepts of the new millennium. Although signs of the concept of the city of knowledge can be traced back to a decade ago, but since the 21st century, cities around the world have moved towards the concept of knowledge-based d More

The city of knowledge is one of the created concepts of the new millennium. Although signs of the concept of the city of knowledge can be traced back to a decade ago, but since the 21st century, cities around the world have moved towards the concept of knowledge-based development. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze the level of managerial capabilities and technological capabilities and infrastructure of the knowledge-based city in Shiraz, which was done using a mixed research method (qualitative and quantitative). The dimensions and components of the knowledge-based city were first measured through a qualitative study (content analysis) based on the qualitative characteristics of the research and then a quantitative study was performed using the IPA technique (importance and performance). After these studies, the importance of the components identified in the first stage of the research was determined. Using data analysis, the priority matrix for improving knowledge-based indicators in Shiraz was also determined. The results also showed that the most important priority of Shiraz is awareness and increasing the knowledge of citizens with weight (0.158). On the other hand, decreasing paper services by weight (0.138) and increasing online services by weight (0.112) were correlated with each other as the second and third priorities. In addition, during this study, it was found that the educational infrastructure of Shiraz is in a good condition in terms of knowledge principles. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

81 - Identifying problems of tourism development in rural areas of Boyer-Ahmad city
rahim javdankherad

The first step to achieve sustainable rural development is to identify its capabilities, barriers and challenges. One of the existing potentials at the local level in rural areas of the country is the capacity to develop tourism activities, which is of particular import More

The first step to achieve sustainable rural development is to identify its capabilities, barriers and challenges. One of the existing potentials at the local level in rural areas of the country is the capacity to develop tourism activities, which is of particular importance. Today, one of the ways to save villages from poverty, migration, social and economic problems is to develop tourism in areas prone to rural tourism. Currently, the tourism industry is one of the important sources of production, income, employment and infrastructure for achieving sustainable development. Rural tourism is a new trend in the tourism industry. The present article aims to identify the potentials and limitations of rural tourism development and strategies and strategies for tourism development in rural areas. Problems of tourism development in rural areas of Boyer-Ahmad city. The research method is descriptive-analytical of survey and library studies. The statistical population consists of villages with tourism potential of this city. Results and Findings The research shows that the ability to attract tourists to rural areas of the city is very high and requires the presentation of appropriate policies by implementing organizations to eliminate restrictions and use existing potentials and capabilities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

82 - Identifying problems of tourism development in rural areas of Boyer-Ahmad city
rahim javdankherad

The first step to achieve sustainable rural development is to identify its capabilities, barriers and challenges. One of the existing potentials at the local level in rural areas of the country is the capacity to develop tourism activities, which is of particular import More

The first step to achieve sustainable rural development is to identify its capabilities, barriers and challenges. One of the existing potentials at the local level in rural areas of the country is the capacity to develop tourism activities, which is of particular importance. Today, one of the ways to save villages from poverty, migration, social and economic problems is to develop tourism in areas prone to rural tourism. Currently, the tourism industry is one of the important sources of production, income, employment and infrastructure for achieving sustainable development. Rural tourism is a new trend in the tourism industry. The present article aims to identify the potentials and limitations of rural tourism development and strategies and strategies for tourism development in rural areas. Problems of tourism development in rural areas of Boyer-Ahmad city. The research method is descriptive-analytical of survey and library studies. The statistical population consists of villages with tourism potential of this city. Results and Findings The research shows that the ability to attract tourists to rural areas of the city is very high and requires the presentation of appropriate policies by implementing organizations to eliminate restrictions and use existing potentials and capabilities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

83 - Investigating the factors affecting the mental image of citizens of worn-out tissue and ways to improve it (a case study of worn-out tissue around the Qom Grand Mosque)
ashraf mandani

Dilapidated urban structures, regardless of their different species, are the product of some negligence of urban management, which over time has become an area of the city that lacks the necessary physical stability and strength, does not provide adequate access to th More

Dilapidated urban structures, regardless of their different species, are the product of some negligence of urban management, which over time has become an area of the city that lacks the necessary physical stability and strength, does not provide adequate access to their homes and lacks Severe service suffer. For this reason, due to the low quality of life in some parts of them, the housing of deprived and rural immigrants and some non-Iranians have become and finally have become unsafe places with many social anomalies at the lowest level of environmental quality. What has faced the problem of intervention, improvement and renovation of worn-out structures in our country is the lack of a clear strategy based on the identification of worn-out tissue species and the serious determination of urban management to renovate and improve them. In many areas, contextual improvement and micro-partnership with the people living in it, offers a very desirable and sustainable method that can be done over a short period of time. Qom city is one of the cities that is clearly facing the problem of erosion due to having about 1074 hectares of historical and dilapidated texture and the residential texture around Qom Grand Mosque, due to its special location and being located in the central and historical area of Qom city and its erosion. He faces certain problems. The findings show that a survey of residents' satisfaction shows that 32% completely agree with the demolition and renovation of the building, 23% agree, 20% somewhat agree, and there are those who are interested in this area and intend to continue living in the area. 15% of the residents of the area agree with the repair and reconstruction of the area but oppose the demolition and renovation. 10% are also dissatisfied with any changes in the buildings and structures of the area. The Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

84 - Investigating the feasibility of the current situation of the new city of Hashtgerd and its implementation with the prediction of the objectives of the master plan
Leila Abedifard

The comprehensive urban plan is prepared in order to determine the development directions and formulate a plan for the city, as well as to meet its needs based on the forecasts and goals of urban development. These projects have had different results due to the fact tha More

The comprehensive urban plan is prepared in order to determine the development directions and formulate a plan for the city, as well as to meet its needs based on the forecasts and goals of urban development. These projects have had different results due to the fact that they are based on the models and experiences of other countries and have been prepared at a high cost, but for various reasons have not been able to achieve their goals. The purpose of this article is to analyze the current situation of the new city of Hashtgerd and to implement it by predicting a comprehensive plan to achieve or not achieve its goals. The research method in this research is based on the applied purpose and based on the descriptive-analytical nature. Its implementation is done by anticipating the objectives of the master plan. To identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Hashtgerd new city, library resources and documents and opinions of experts and city officials have been used. Thus, each of the four SWOT factors is identified, analyzed, and in the next step, the SWOT matrix is formed. According to the analysis, despite the number of cities in the Tehran region, there are only 5 new cities. This indicates that the new city of Hashtgerd has not been successful in attracting the population of the mother city of Tehran; Because the rapid growth of unplanned cities is more than new cities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

85 - Effective Drivers on the Sustainable Development of Rural Tourism with an Emphasis on Futures Studies (Awraman district of Sarvabad city)
رسول صفیاری soran manoochehri

Sustainable development of tourism requires a future studies approach. Given the nature of sustainability and the complexity of the open tourism system and its impact from trends, events, and changes (known as drivers), such an approach can identify, understand, and ana More

Sustainable development of tourism requires a future studies approach. Given the nature of sustainability and the complexity of the open tourism system and its impact from trends, events, and changes (known as drivers), such an approach can identify, understand, and analyze the complexities and the operating drivers. This applied research with a descriptive-analytical method and a prospective exploratory approach identified the most important drivers that would affect the sustainable development of Awraman (Kurdistan, Iran) rural tourism. To identify the drivers, we used the Delphi technique and selected 38 experts. The MicMac software was used to find the relationships and their impacts and effectiveness. The results showed that the tourism system of the region would follow an unstable development. In such a situation, the aggregated drivers of economic, institutional, and environmental indicators would be more effective than social drivers. The most effective driver would be an inappropriate business environment, while a culture of self-employment and entrepreneurship would be the most influential driver in the sustainable development tourism for the region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

86 - Investigating the Scenarios of non-Muslim non-Iranian Tourists of Mashhad Within 2025 Perspective
Arash Ghahreman Ahmad roumiani Sareh Nematian zahra bostan

10.61186/journalitor.35761.11.23.105

The uncertainty caused by environmental complexities has made it difficult to forecast the future of Tourism in Mashhad in terms of non-Muslim tourists visiting the city, about whom no sufficient information exists. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the trend More

The uncertainty caused by environmental complexities has made it difficult to forecast the future of Tourism in Mashhad in terms of non-Muslim tourists visiting the city, about whom no sufficient information exists. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the trend of variations in the visits made to Mashhad by non-Muslim tourists using the scenario writing method. To this end, this applied study used the analytical-qualitative approach, collecting the required data through detailed in-person interviews. In this regard, twenty-seven interviews were made in three phases with tourism experts in such fields as sociology, economics, planning, and specialized tourism services. In the first phase, the factors involved in attracting non-Muslim tourists to Mashhad were identified according to the views offered by the experts in interviews using the Delphi technique. In the second phase, the critical driving forces were identified based on two criteria of effectiveness and uncertainty. Finally, the optimistic and pessimistic scenarios concerning the future of non-Muslim tourism in Mashhad were described. The study’s findings revealed that smartizing tourism, making connections between tourism in Mashhad and its neighboring cities, increasing the number of media advertisements, improving the hospitality culture, and promoting a sense of security in the visiting tourists were the most important driving forces at the local level. Therefore, the number of Mashhad’s non-muslim tourists could be increased within the study period by improving IT infrastructure (including electronic trading, and electronic banking), introducing neighboring cities and villages of Mashhad and their tourist attractions, offering instructions regarding hospitality (especially for taxi drivers, business and shop owners), creating tourism police, and providing security in high-trafficking urban places. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

87 - Exploring Citizens View on Fast Food and Effective Factors in its Development: A Case Study of Isfahan Citizens
atiyeh Aliakbari masoud taghvaei

Having dramatically grown worldwide over the past few decades, tourism has increasingly added to the diversity of its fields. As a subset of tourism, food tourism which includes fast foods as one of its major components has attracted the attention of planners and policy More

Having dramatically grown worldwide over the past few decades, tourism has increasingly added to the diversity of its fields. As a subset of tourism, food tourism which includes fast foods as one of its major components has attracted the attention of planners and policymakers in different countries due to its functions and benefits. The required data for this applied descriptive-analytical research were collected from administering questionnaires on 384 people who were selected based on Cochran's formula. The collected data were then analyzed in SPSS software Version 22, using factor analysis, Friedman test, Chi-square, and Pearson correlation. With 13.78% of the variance reported by the factor analysis, culture was identified as the most influential factor. Moreover, Friedman test showed that the most important dimension was the physical one according to mean rank values. The results of the χ2 test indicated a lack of social satisfaction of citizens with fast foods in Isfahan. Pearson's test also found a moderate correlation between luxuriousness and increased damage to local traditions of Isfahan. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

88 - An Analysis of Effective Factors in the Formation of Rural Tourism Brand in Kerman
Aliakbar Anabestani Marziyeh Pourjopari Ali Khodadadi

10.52547/journalitor.36040.9.17.0

The mental image of target places is the most important factor that helps tourists determine their tourism destination, the lack of which may result in limited visits by tourists. Thus, paying attention to the formation of tourism brand is of great importance. Among dif More

The mental image of target places is the most important factor that helps tourists determine their tourism destination, the lack of which may result in limited visits by tourists. Thus, paying attention to the formation of tourism brand is of great importance. Among different cities of Kerman Province, Kerman city is impoverished in terms of infrastructure, facilities, and tourism services. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influential factors (environmental, social, and economic) in the formation of the tourism brand in rural areas of Kerman city. The required data were collected through document analysis and questionnaires. To this end, the main and complementary factors were set within the framework of two questionnaires concerning the host community (52 persons) and a paired comparison with experts (24 persons). Fuzzy and MABAC hierarchical models were also used to weigh the main factors and rank the villages. The study found that the environmental factor had the highest weight with a coefficient of 0.676, and economic and social factors had the lowest weight with a coefficient of 0.213 and 0.111, respectively, indicating that enough attention has no been paid to economic and social factors in the field of tourism branding. This study's findings could help resolve the major weaknesses found in the city and reinforce its strengths concerning the tourism brand. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

89 - Investigating the Factors Involved in Tourism Intercultural Communication among Tourists: A Case Study of Hamadan City, Iran
Golnoush jabbari Nader Jafari haftkhani

10.61186/journalitor.36149.12.25.129

In today’s modern world, tourism has turned into an effective way to access the environment and culture through intercultural communication. However, despite its significance in long-term economic development, intercultural communication is neglected in the planning sta More

In today’s modern world, tourism has turned into an effective way to access the environment and culture through intercultural communication. However, despite its significance in long-term economic development, intercultural communication is neglected in the planning stages of tourism development projects. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the factors that influence intercultural communication in tourism using a grounded theory approach. To this end, the required data were collected through detailed semi-structured interviews with fifteen experts and professionals in the tourism industry of Hamedan City who were selected via snowball sampling. The collected data were then analyzed, and the results were organized under six main categories with twenty-six sub-categories. Finally, the theoretical model of the study was developed using the Atlas-Ti software. Accordingly, the main six categories of the model included personal characteristics, socio-cultural characteristics, education, producing materials and creating knowledge on intercultural issues in tourism, management and planning, the health and safety of the environment, and media and information technology in intercultural tourism communication. The results of this study propose an integrated approach for tourism managers and entrepreneurs so that they can develop a high level of intercultural communication and competence for tourists. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

90 - Designing Entrepreneurship Development Model for cultural tourism in Yazd, the World Heritage City
Mehdi Basouli seyed saeed hashemi Mohammad Hossein Imani khoshkho Seysd habib o allah mirghafouri

10.52547/journalitor.36160.9.18.0

"Due to its very nature, tourism enjoys proper grounds for entrepreneurship development. There are limited studies on the development of entrepreneurship in tourism. Among the growing areas of tourism, ‘Cultural Tourism’ could be referred to as a demanding preference fo More

"Due to its very nature, tourism enjoys proper grounds for entrepreneurship development. There are limited studies on the development of entrepreneurship in tourism. Among the growing areas of tourism, ‘Cultural Tourism’ could be referred to as a demanding preference for development in areas with the potentials for growth. This study sought to provide a model for entrepreneurship development in cultural tourism using Grounded theory. To this end, some eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the required data, out of which and 367 primary codes, 97 secondary codes, 44 concept codes were extracted and classified into ten distinct categories. The study’s population consisted of university instructors and lecturers, experts working in state-owned tourism institutions, the owners of active businesses in Yazd cultural tourism, and the professionals within the field who were selected through ‘theoretical sampling.’ Moreover, the sample size was determined based on theoretical saturation. The study’s results found via the application of the ‘three-pronged model’ indicated that factors involved in the development of cultural tourism entrepreneurship could be categorized in three general categories of ‘structural factors,’ grounds and ‘environmental conditions, and ‘behavioral factors,’ each including their own relevant components and indices. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

91 - " Cognitive mapping of components for developing people-oriented cities and their importance in tourism development: A case study of Yazd province, Iran "
Hamed Fallah Tafti saeede derakhsh vahideh hekmat

10.52547/journalitor.36163.9.18.0

"Contrary to automotive, commodity-based, and money-oriented cities, a people-oriented city is an organic and systematic city based on human virtues and commune where people are concerned about each others’ rights. In such a city, humans are the main focus of urban plan More

"Contrary to automotive, commodity-based, and money-oriented cities, a people-oriented city is an organic and systematic city based on human virtues and commune where people are concerned about each others’ rights. In such a city, humans are the main focus of urban planners, urban developers, and, most importantly, municipal decision-makers and executives. Therefore, here the biological, spiritual, and psychological needs of humans are the fundamental elements taken into account by urban management. This city, then, could unite urban spaces and tourists. Considering its great potentials, Yazd could be a good case for tourism development, building people-oriented cities, and improving the desirability of urban life. This qualitative-quantitative study sought to explore the feasibility of building a people-oriented city in Yazd province based on urban planning and the causal factors involved in this regard, intending to attract more tourists to this region. To this end, 14 interviews were conducted with tourism and urban planning experts, out of which 19 factors involved in building such a city were identified. The causal relationship between the identified factors was examined through a mixed-method approach, using the fuzzy cognitive mapping technique. The study’s findings indicated that educating the citizens, developing a sense of familiarity with the environment, and reducing environmental pollutions (soil, water, air) were the three most important factors for developing people oriented-cities in Yazd province, Iran. " Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

92 - Investigating the Relationship between Tourism and Creating a Happy City: A Case Study of Chalous and Nowshahr Cities, Mazandaran, Iran
nastaran khandan nazanin Tabrizi mohammad hasan zaal

10.52547/journalitor.36192.11.21.95

Tourism can help create happiness and, therefore, provide people with the satisfaction of life. On the other hand, the presence of a "happy host" is a fundamental requirement for the successful development of tourism, making the monitoring of the tourism-induces happine More

Tourism can help create happiness and, therefore, provide people with the satisfaction of life. On the other hand, the presence of a "happy host" is a fundamental requirement for the successful development of tourism, making the monitoring of the tourism-induces happiness and satisfaction level a key factor in any such development program. In this regard, as assessing the issue in Noshahr and Chalous cities (as two main tourist destinations in northern Iran) is of particular importance, this study set out to investigate the role of tourism in constructing the indices of a happy city in Chalus and Nowshahr. The statistical population of the study comprised residents of Nowshahr and Chalous cities. Moreover, the sample size was estimated to be 380 using Cochran's formula, and the participants of the study were selected via the convenience sampling method. Finally, the data collected from the questionnaires distributed among the respondents were analyzed through structural equations and factor analysis using the SPSS and PLS software. The results revealed that tourism was effective in creating happy cities in Nowshahr and Chalous. However, according to the results of statistical tests, the extent of such influence was found to be very poor. It was also found that tourism slightly increased the welfare, happiness, social participation, and satisfaction of the residents of Nowshahr and Chalous cities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

93 - An Analysis on Capacity Building of Community-Based Tourism in Yazd
Hosein Kalantari Zahra Pirmoradian Ali Shamsuddini

10.52547/journalitor.36270.10.19.0

The tourism industry, with its own characteristics, is a dynamic industry with a bright future. Investing in this industry could play an important role in increasing national income while being free from adverse environmental consequences. Due to the increasing importan More

The tourism industry, with its own characteristics, is a dynamic industry with a bright future. Investing in this industry could play an important role in increasing national income while being free from adverse environmental consequences. Due to the increasing importance of tourism, it is necessary to analyze its impact on other dimensions. Possessing special potentials, the Yazd city is highly affected by different economic, social, environmental, and physical aspects of the tourism industry. As the Yazd province enjoys the required capacities for performing activities such as climbing, visiting the sand dunes and sand flows, hiking in the slopes of Shirkouh, etc., effective steps can be taken for improving tourist attractions through accurate and well-reflected planning. Therefore, this study sought to identify relevant factors, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats involved in developing sustainable tourism, elaborating on an appropriate model for realizing this goal and analyzing a community-based tourism capacity building in Yazd. The required data for this "descriptive-analytical" study were collected from library studies, relevant documents, and the questionnaire administered on 50 experts and staff members of active tourism NGOs, which were analyzed and weighted using the SWOT-AHP integrated model. The investigated indices included attracting public participation (public mobilization) with a total average of 4/4, facilitating (offering information), institutionalizing and empowering local groups with a total average of 4/3, enhancing collective partnership system with a total average of 4/2, identifying entrepreneurship and job opportunities, and local needs analysis and its update, indicating that tourism NGOs possess high capacities for implementing community-based tourism in Yazd. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

94 - Critique of the performance of Islamic city councils in Iran
amir aminzadeh Jamshid Arous

One of the most important institutions in Iran in the field of decentralization and balanced development based on geographical spatial characteristics are the Islamic councils of cities and villages. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Islamic councils of the city have More

One of the most important institutions in Iran in the field of decentralization and balanced development based on geographical spatial characteristics are the Islamic councils of cities and villages. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Islamic councils of the city have been formed since 1999 and have a relatively short history. By evaluating the four periods that have passed since the formation of the Islamic councils of the city, we can point to their not so favorable performance based on the goals set in the upstream laws and documents. The present study aims to investigate and analyze the reasons for this failure in various dimensions. The statistical population of the study includes members of the Islamic councils of the city across the country, members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly and experts in areas related to the Islamic councils of the city. A one-sample t-test was used to investigate the performance of councils and to express the relationships of two variables as well as to prove the significance or non-significance of the relationships between them and the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable, two-variable linear regression test was used. The results show that centralism, rent system and ambiguity of legal status have led to poor performance of councils in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

95 - Explain the components of urban planning education with emphasis on Islamic city indicators
alireza sabermanesh hasan ahmadi naser barati

As a controversial term,Islamic city is the source of wide and continuous debates, which experienced the large changes and developments since its onset. Although, there is many doubts and disagreements on the definition and determination of the urban planning terms, suc More

As a controversial term,Islamic city is the source of wide and continuous debates, which experienced the large changes and developments since its onset. Although, there is many doubts and disagreements on the definition and determination of the urban planning terms, such as Islamic city,it has been as an academic major for more than a century and experienced many changes, particularly under the influence of social circumstances. The connection between the students and graduates of this field with the sectors of academic world and the labor market can be achieved with identifying the components of teaching in urban planning, particularly the Islamic city, which also result in the strong influence of these components on the teaching of this field.One of the ways to improve the knowledge, skills and attitudes of professors and students about quantitative and qualitative debates in urban planning is the necessity of research withfocusingon the components of Islamic city teaching. Considering the position of urban planning teachingand the need to explain the indicators of the Islamic city, this research seeks to explain the teachingcomponents related to urban planning with an emphasis on the indicators of the Islamic city. The main purpose is to identify the role and place of Islamic city indicators in the context of teaching. This research is an applied and survey research based on the purpose, and data collection, respectively. It used the method of structural equation modeling, too. Using the library and documents methods besides by using the studying and reviewing the previous works, the main variables of the model and the indicators related to each one were extracted. The necessary corrections, additions and adjustments were made by helping the opinion of the experts. Then, a questionnaire was designed based on these variables and indicators. This questionnaire let us to determine the importance of each of the obtained indicators in the form of a question and through a five-point Likert scale. We confirmed the validity of this questionnaire by the relevant experts. This questionnaire was filled by the opinion of many students in the studied area. The results show that the quality, methods and teachingaidswith a path coefficient of 5.22, trainers and lecturers with a path coefficient of 3.26, the basic factors of teaching with a path coefficient of 4.19, teaching skills with a path coefficient of 5.08 and finally theteachingvalueswith a path coefficient of 4.55 and all with a probability of 99%havethe significant impacts on the indicators of the Islamic city for the urban planning students. However, the evaluation of the findings showed that the presence of the components of the Islamic city can be important to increase the knowledge of professors andthe motivation of students and to establish an effective connection with the world. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

96 - Investigating the effects of eco-lodges on the villages of Taleghan city
sadegh saghafiasl

Today, rural tourism has become one of the most important economic sectors in many countries of the world, and governments have adopted various policies to develop rural tourism at various scales, from local to national level. ¬ کاررده¬اند. One of the branches of touris More

Today, rural tourism has become one of the most important economic sectors in many countries of the world, and governments have adopted various policies to develop rural tourism at various scales, from local to national level. ¬ کاررده¬اند. One of the branches of tourism that has been considered in recent decades is ecotourism. Ecotourism is an activity that has been considered by experts and specialists since the twentieth century and is one of the main branches of tourism that deals with rural tourism and job creation of rural residents, and it can also be mentioned that the economic factor Good income generation and socially and culturally is an effective factor for the development of rural life. Of course, the role of resorts that can play an important role in economic, social and cultural growth in rural areas should not be overlooked. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of ecotourism resorts on villages in Taleghan city. In the research hypotheses, the impact of ecotourism resorts using economic, social, cultural and geographical factors in Taleghan city has been investigated. This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and survey in terms of methodology. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Based on the results, social and cultural factors (35), economic factors (65), their impact on ecotourism resorts is higher than average and geographical factors (0) have a lower impact on ecotourism in the region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

97 - Evaluation of structural-strategic plans with smart city approach
Jamshid Arous amir aminzadeh

Structural-strategic plans have emerged following the transformation of rational and holistic thinking in the world, and have also changed the process of preparation, approval and implementation of urban plans in our country. The communication system is not that city; R More

Structural-strategic plans have emerged following the transformation of rational and holistic thinking in the world, and have also changed the process of preparation, approval and implementation of urban plans in our country. The communication system is not that city; Rather, it is how to plan and use this tool to improve the quality of life of the citizens of a city. The goal of the smart city is to increase the quality of urban life with a sustainable development approach. The idea of creating smart cities, which is a new topic in urban planning, has been proposed in the last two decades and its components have not been fully defined and identified. The purpose and innovation of the present study is the theoretical design of the smart city and the identification of its infrastructure components. In this research, the work approach is fundamental and using the descriptive-analytical method, identifying the components of the structural-strategic plans of the smart city in urban management is defined as the goal. Manuscript profile

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98 - Land Redevelopment Planning in the Urban Historical Fabrics Case study: Zartoshtiha Neighborhood in thehistorical fabric of Yazd city
najma esmaeilpoor Fatemeh Foroughinasab

The Inscription of the historical fabric of Yazd in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage Cities, according to the third and fifth UNESCO cultural criteria, was performed in 2017. One of the strategies for the preservationda More

The Inscription of the historical fabric of Yazd in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage Cities, according to the third and fifth UNESCO cultural criteria, was performed in 2017. One of the strategies for the preservationdaily life in the historical fabric is to reuse the previous lands that have been abandoned or the ones under dilapidated buildings that have become non-productive spaces. The researchpurpose is the first, prioritizing the neighborhoods of the historical fabric of Yazd in terms of the potential of these lands for redevelopment; and then presenting the program of improve the efficiency in their use in the area(neighborhood) with the most capability. The Analytic network process, is one of themulti-criteria decision-making methods that have been used to measure the potential of these lands, and the strategic planning process has been used to plan their reuse in the area with the most capabilities. All neighborhoods of the historical fabric of Yazd have a significant share of land worth redevelopment at their central core and outskirts. Zartoshtiha (followers of the religion of Zoroaster) neighborhood showed a greater potential for redevelopment due to its social desirability, economic potential, especially in the field of tourism, and proper access. The article alsooffersthe proposed suitable uses onpotentially redeveloping lands as well as solutions for the prosperity of life in the Zartoshtiha neighborhood. This article is also an example of the application of non-productive land redevelopment planning in historical and ancient fabrics. Manuscript profile

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99 - Identifiers of City in View of the Holy Quran
جابر دانش

To understand the effects of physical, social, economic and management teachings of Islam about cities and explaining a model for the differentiation of cities in different periods, various studies have been conducted and various analyses have been presented, some of wh More

To understand the effects of physical, social, economic and management teachings of Islam about cities and explaining a model for the differentiation of cities in different periods, various studies have been conducted and various analyses have been presented, some of which consider the numerous religious references and texts on urban development. The specific nature of cities in the Islamic world and their concepts and inclusive common characteristics indicate the influence of the Islamic culture and their relationship with religious teachings. Thus, the Islamic city is a term introducing the cities influenced by the Islamic culture and values. This article, relying on references in Quranic verses to various aspects of architecture and urban planning as well as on the opinions of the commentators and philologists, has extracted reviewed and analyzed the identifiers and components of city in view of the Holy Quran while not considering the verses related to the life of the saints and eternal life. In this context, information and data have been collected and studied through analytic descriptive approach. The Holy Quran in order to avoid unnecessary and harmful construction refers to attributes such as security, peace, respect and compliance with natural and climatic conditions in urban and worldly development while also considering the ideal, perfect and absolute aspects in the heavenly abode. The style of the Quran in explaining the attributes of constructions is stressing the qualitative aspects in providing human social shelters and places. Basically, though, religious teachings do not mention detailed criteria and specific guidelines in this respect. Manuscript profile

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100 - Analysis of social logic governing the body of space in the historical-cultural context of Boshrouyeh in the Qajar era with a syntactic approach
saeede pourabedini abed taghavi hasan hashemi zarj abad

What is translation of cities is the way that this discipline entails the arrangement of different land uses suitable and compatible distribution of urban facilities beside each other as well as the roads network at the localities level. The desired neighboring of inf More

What is translation of cities is the way that this discipline entails the arrangement of different land uses suitable and compatible distribution of urban facilities beside each other as well as the roads network at the localities level. The desired neighboring of infrastructure and urban facilities on the localities has resulted in preventing the establishment of social inequalities and consequently spatial inequality and spatial inequality in the areas that have influence on the function of spatial and spatial configuration of cities in the context of time and space. The aim of this research is to read the Integration spatial behavior between man and the environment in the historical context of the city of Beshravieh in the Qajar period, which has become the basis for the emergence of spatial organization and social logic of space and correlation in the physical-functional structure of the neighborhoods of this city.The current research is applied research in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method. The theoretical information of the research has been collected from the method of library studies and using the findings, documents and documents of the cultural heritage of Beshravieh city. And in order to read the social logic of the space governing the spatial body of the neighborhoods of Beshravieh city, two quantitative guidelines (relationships, indicators of space syntax) and qualitative (idea of space syntax) existing in the theory of space arrangement have been used.According to the theory of space syntax, what was the role of physical-functional factors in shaping and developing the social logic of the space of Beshravieh city in the Qajar era? The results of the research show: the building elements of the physical structure of the neighborhoods of Beshravieh in the Qajar era were formed in order to meet the needs of the residents of the neighborhoods and in order to preserve and strengthen its cultural-social identity. And they have also been responsible for creating correlation between the physical elements of the neighborhoods. The achievement of this spatial order is the existence of spatial unity in the whole and its function in the minuscule. Manuscript profile

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101 - Measurement and analysis of quiet city indicators in Islamic Iranian cities (Case study: Chabahar city)
Shah Bakhsh Raisi Seyed Gholamreza Miri Safoura Abkhesht Sima Firoozi Rad Afsaneh Pourian

Islamic Iranian city is a concept to introduce cities influenced by Islamic culture, religious teachings and values. Therefore, the present study has been prepared with the aim of measuring and analyzing the characteristics of a quiet city in Iranian-Islamic cities (Cas More

Islamic Iranian city is a concept to introduce cities influenced by Islamic culture, religious teachings and values. Therefore, the present study has been prepared with the aim of measuring and analyzing the characteristics of a quiet city in Iranian-Islamic cities (Case study: Chabahar city). The research method is descriptive-analytical and in terms of purpose, it is one of the applied researches. The required information has been collected from library resources and field studies and a questionnaire. The statistical population is the citizens living in the city of Chabahar, which in 2016 had 106739 people living in the city. The sample selected using Cochran's method is 305 people. The characteristics of a quiet city consist of six main criteria (environmental protection, awareness and information, urban management, support for domestic production, city quality and hospitality). The results of T-test indicate that the status of environmental protection and hospitality indicators is higher than the normal or average level and is in an unsuitable condition for urban management and awareness and information indicators. The status of the local production support index is relatively unsatisfactory and the quality index of the city is relatively suitable. Also, based on the results of Kendall concordance test, it was determined that the hospitality index with an average rank of 4.39 has the highest average and the best rank, then environmental protection with an average rank of 3.92 and the quality of the city with an average rank of 3.07 ranks. The next ones were dedicated to themselves. In this regard, the awareness and information index with an average rank of 2.95 has the lowest rank among the research indicators in the field of quiet city in Chabahar. Finally, based on the results of factor analysis, the highest factor load was obtained for the city quality index with a rate of 0.897, environmental protection with a rate of 0.893 and support for local products with a rate of 0.873, respectively. Manuscript profile

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102 - Assessing and evaluating the level of awareness of Chabahar citizens about urban rights and laws
Shah Bakhsh Raisi Maryam Karimian Bostani Safoura Abkhesht Sima Firoozi Rad Afsaneh Pourian

Raising the public awareness of the inhabitants of a city about the rights and laws of the city is one of the important factors that must be considered to achieve a sustainable and desirable city. Citizens' awareness leads them to achieve the right that society consider More

Raising the public awareness of the inhabitants of a city about the rights and laws of the city is one of the important factors that must be considered to achieve a sustainable and desirable city. Citizens' awareness leads them to achieve the right that society considers for them. Urban laws and regulations can be considered as one of the most important connection points between urban management and citizens. In other words, the actors, the main elements of urban management in the light of urban laws and regulations, while defining the role for themselves and other members, can involve citizens in managing affairs. In this study, the aim is to identify the level of awareness of the residents of Chabahar city about the rights and laws of the city. Based on the research data, the level of this awareness among the residents of the city was described. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical sample size was estimated to be 382 using the Cochran's formula. Out of 382 distributed questionnaires, 82 questionnaires were excluded due to distorted information and analysis was performed on 300 questionnaires. The field data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was designed in 21 items. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured by calculating Cronbach's alpha and calculating the combined reliability coefficient (cr). Manuscript profile

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103 - Presenting a model of contextual views with emphasis on improving the visual quality of cities, a case study of Yasuj city in 1401
Javad Takhsha Amir Aminzadeh

Contextualism, one of the common views in urban planning, considers the context as a historical event in which the elements of the city are known, addressed and constructed. What is needed in the lively and lively life of a city is to adapt the container of the environm More

Contextualism, one of the common views in urban planning, considers the context as a historical event in which the elements of the city are known, addressed and constructed. What is needed in the lively and lively life of a city is to adapt the container of the environment to the contents of the building in a historical process. The confusion and anxiety of urban views in most cities of Iran, especially in contemporary and modern cities, is a tolerable issue. Unfortunately, today, not only the show is not considered as a part of the urban space; Rather, it is often built as a unit for the supply of owners. This issue has caused disturbance and perceptual confusion in urban spaces. While dealing with, analyzing and studying the facades of urban buildings, part of the urban walls is of special importance. Landscape architecture as a codified knowledge to improve the quality of man-made environments, has always claimed to pay attention to the cultural values and specific identity of each region, but contemporary and new cities are becoming more and more similar, this issue is more pronounced in different cities Relaxing views based on local materials and climate can help to give identity, a sense of belonging and peace of mind to citizens. The main purpose of this article is to identify the criteria and patterns of contextualism and to create a favorable visual environment and to deal with new urban views with a case study of Yasuj with emphasis on ecology and its role in urban planning and architecture and their interaction with sustainable development, culture and behaviors. It is social actions and taking into account the urban wall (facade) that leads to a desirable and ideal atmosphere that indirectly and indirectly affects them and the personality of citizens. Manuscript profile

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104 - Investigating the effect of climate on the residential fabric of Yasuj
Amir Aminzadeh Ali Reza Rast

The history of design and construction, according to the criteria of natural and climatic features in traditional Iranian architecture, reaches hundreds of years and is considered one of the architectural masterpieces in the world. The growth of technology and access to More

The history of design and construction, according to the criteria of natural and climatic features in traditional Iranian architecture, reaches hundreds of years and is considered one of the architectural masterpieces in the world. The growth of technology and access to fossil fuels has led to the neglect of climatic standards in housing construction. This study examines the urban context of Yasuj city and climate, and by examining the housing characteristics of old, middle and new textures of this city, the compatibility of the three textures with the climatic conditions of Yasuj city, the density of buildings will be evaluated. In order to use natural forces in regulating the environmental conditions inside the building and reflection in the formation of the urban context, climate recognition is an important issue in architectural and urban design. In this research, the types of climates are introduced and the effect of climate on the formation of urban fabric and residential architecture is described and depicted. Manuscript profile

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105 - Investigating the relationship between attachment styles and the mediating role of mental health in teachers in Yasuj
mozafar khodaparast heshmatelah khodaparast

In general, attachment can be defined as the emotional atmosphere that governs a child's relationship with his caregiver. The fact that the child seeks and clings to the caregiver, who is usually his mother, confirms the attachment between them. Babies usually begin to More

In general, attachment can be defined as the emotional atmosphere that governs a child's relationship with his caregiver. The fact that the child seeks and clings to the caregiver, who is usually his mother, confirms the attachment between them. Babies usually begin to show such behavior by the end of the first month of life, and this behavior is designed to accelerate intimacy with the desired person. According to Skinner, human mental health is equivalent to behavior that conforms to the rules and regulations of society, and such a human being when faced with a problem until it is considered normal by society, through behavior modification to improve and normalize the behavior of himself and others around him. It is used intermittently. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and the mediating role of mental health in teachers in Yasuj. To achieve this goal, a sample of 198 teachers in Yasuj was selected through available sampling. The instruments used included a general health questionnaire, Hazen and Shaver attachment, and Miller and Bron self-regulation. The results showed that avoidant attachment style (t = 04.50, p = 0.001) and safe attachment (t = 49/49, p = 0.013) can significantly predict mental health. Finally, mental health mediates the relationship between attachment style. Manuscript profile

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106 - Examination of mental health and social intelligence in male and female elementary school students in Kerman city
Abbas Eskandari Moghadam

The purpose of this research is to investigate the mental health and social intelligence of male and female elementary school students in Kerman city in 1400. The current research is descriptive and causal-comparative. The statistical population in this research include More

The purpose of this research is to investigate the mental health and social intelligence of male and female elementary school students in Kerman city in 1400. The current research is descriptive and causal-comparative. The statistical population in this research includes two groups of female and male elementary school students in Kerman city, from which 80 people (40 girls, 40 boys) were selected by simple random sampling. The tools used in this research included the Tromso Social Intelligence Questionnaire and the Mental Health Questionnaire. Statistical methods (independent t-test, multiple regression analysis) were used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that there is a significant difference between male and female elementary school students in Kerman city in all dimensions of social intelligence as well as the total score (P<0.05). Social intelligence can significantly predict the level of mental health in male and female elementary school students of Kerman only in the dimension of social information processing (P<0.05). Manuscript profile

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107 - Knowing the Dimensions of Tourism in the Sustainable Regeneration of the Old Context of Yazd City
Ali Shamaei Narges Ahmadifard Sima Daemi

Regeneration for updating the old textures In addition to meeting the needs of the people and daily life has a meaningful reference to the identity of the old textures, which can be achieved only in the group of attention to the dimensions of tourism in all fields. More

Regeneration for updating the old textures In addition to meeting the needs of the people and daily life has a meaningful reference to the identity of the old textures, which can be achieved only in the group of attention to the dimensions of tourism in all fields. The dimensions of sustainable tourism from the economic, social, physical and environmental aspects are consistent with the dimensions and indicators of regeneration. For this purpose, the intended research has used these four approaches to investigate the dimensions of urban tourism in recreating the historical context of the studied city. Our type of research is practical and its method is exploratory-analytical. The statistical population of the research is citizens living in the old context of Yazd city with a sample size of 274 people using Cochran's formula and 30 urban specialists and experts. The results of the research showed that the development of tourism has played the biggest role in the indicators of the physical and economic dimensions. Also, urban tourism has played a role in creating cultural facilities, entertainment and sports centers, increasing social relations, cultural exchanges, strengthening the city's cultural identity, developing service activities, and preventing economic stagnation. Also, the results obtained from the SOAR analysis showed that the most important impact of tourism is the participation of the residents in tourism and urban regeneration programs and plans and the creation of recreational places to attract and retain more tourists. Manuscript profile

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108 - Analysis of Thematic Trends of Smart City Studies in the Recent Decade (From the Emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution to 2021)
Alireza Noruzi Mohammad Reza Vasfi Somayyeh Jafari Baghiabadi

10.52547/jstpi.39816.19.73.10

The fourth industrial revolution, with the convergence of new technologies, has led to the emergence of smart cities. While the smartening of cities by governments has been happening at a high speed, the concept and implementation of the smart city are still being updat More

The fourth industrial revolution, with the convergence of new technologies, has led to the emergence of smart cities. While the smartening of cities by governments has been happening at a high speed, the concept and implementation of the smart city are still being updated and changed. In this regard, the current research aims to analyze the thematic trends of publications on smart city in the Web of Science (WoS) database from the emergence of the fourth industrial revolution to 2021, and track the thematic trends of these studies. This scientometric research was carried out descriptively with the content analysis method, using the techniques of co-occurrence analysis and social network analysis. The trends of publications and citation influence of studies in the field of smart cities in the last decade has had an upward growth of 38.78% and 69.49%, respectively. In the three time periods, "IoT, City, Internet, and Wireless Sensor Network" have the most frequency, "IOT, City, Internet, and Wireless Sensor Network" have the most connections, and "ipv6, Sustainable City, and Urban Development" in 2012–2015, "Taxonomy, cloud objects and distributed computing" in 2016–2018 and "Literature review, urban informatics, and sustainable urban development" in 2019-2021 have received the most citations. In 2012–2015, clusters of sensor networks, smartphones, genetic algorithms, advanced sensors, ubiquitous city, and m2m; in 2016-2018 clusters of deep learning, participation, evolutionary algorithms, ubiquitous computing, and smart cities; and in 2019-2021 blockchain clusters, participation citizenship, IoT, topics, technologies, and tools.multi-agent systems, and Brazil were identified. Manuscript profile

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109 - Explaining the coceptual farmework for evalouating spatial resilience against urban floods and its application in urban planning literature case study babolsar city
Elham Rezaian KaleBasti Hossein Kalantari khalilabad Maryam Rezghi

Environmental problems related to urbanization have their roots in both ecological and urban development fields, led to the formation of joint research fields such as resilience. Urban spatial resilience indicators are directly related to physical and environmental dime More

Environmental problems related to urbanization have their roots in both ecological and urban development fields, led to the formation of joint research fields such as resilience. Urban spatial resilience indicators are directly related to physical and environmental dimensions and are related to the main components of the spatial organization of the city. The purpose is to explain the conceptual framework assessment against urban flooding in Babolsar and its application in urban planning, research method: descriptive-analytical, data collection method: library and field and tools. Data collection: questionnaire, statistical population: specialists of city related to the issue of urban flooding, of which 30 people were selected as a possible cluster sampling. Data analysis is done through mean, Kolmogrof-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk and t-test in SPSS software as well as AHP and WASPAS techniques. The results show that the city is in a relatively good condition in terms of resilience and it is necessary to use the existing potentials, opportunities and resources in order to improve spatial resilience against floods. The final status of the space organization has shown that the dispersion of uses, attention to natural elements and the condition of the road network and surrounding green and open spaces have been evaluated as favorable, and the lack of attention to the shape of the land, Attention to neighboring spots, lack of dispersion of high-risk spots, centralization of administration in the center of the city, centralization of functional elements by the river and centralization of services on the coastal strip are its negative points. Manuscript profile

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110 - Meta-analysis of studies conducted in the field of smart city indicators in Iran
Mohammad javad samani nezhad neda khodakaramiangilan

The process of urbanization in the world and the problems arising from it bring great challenges to cities, and the concept of a smart city has been created as a solution to the problems of cities. Therefore, prioritizing criteria and indicators is of particular importa More

The process of urbanization in the world and the problems arising from it bring great challenges to cities, and the concept of a smart city has been created as a solution to the problems of cities. Therefore, prioritizing criteria and indicators is of particular importance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the indicators affecting the smart city in Iran. The present study is a descriptive-analytical research in which the meta-analysis method was used. The statistical population of the research includes all the researches conducted in the field of smart city indicators that were published in Normagz, Jihad University, Humanities, Mogiran and Irandak databases from 1396 to 1400. In this research, the amount of collaboration and participation of researchers, statistical society, sampling method and time pattern of publication of articles and variables used and their effect size in smart city studies in Iran were investigated. The results showed that the level of cooperation and teamwork of researchers in research is acceptable and most of the research was done in the period of 1399 to 1400. Also, the results showed that most of the researchers were researching in a specific field. Finally, the results of the effect size showed that the smart economy has the largest effect size in the smart city, and smart people are the second most important variable in the smart city. Smart government and smart environment are also the next variables. Manuscript profile

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111 - Investigating sustainable neighborhood development indicators in the third district of Tehran, a case study of Zargandeh neighborhood
ziba hatamigharibvand Fateme Adibi Saadinejad

The purpose of this research is to investigate the indicators of sustainable development in Zargande neighborhood, district 3 of Tehran, and in general to identify the differences and inequalities between neighborhoods and to rank them in terms of the status and level o More

The purpose of this research is to investigate the indicators of sustainable development in Zargande neighborhood, district 3 of Tehran, and in general to identify the differences and inequalities between neighborhoods and to rank them in terms of the status and level of enjoying neighborhood sustainable development indicators, and to show the development levels of neighborhoods in terms of the amount of facilities. and accesses and benefits. And in this article, after reviewing the concepts of sustainability, definitions and goals of sustainability, and analyzing and analyzing sustainability indicators and their application on Zargande district in the 3rd district of Tehran, it is tried to use a descriptive analytical method and using the SWOT model of neighborhood sustainable development indicators in this research. It has been analyzed based on the practical purpose and on the basis of the descriptive-analytical nature of the result of this research, it indicates that Zargandeh neighborhood is one of the neighborhoods of the 3rd district of Tehran in terms of sustainable development in a very low rank compared to the other districts of the 3rd district. This neighborhood is located in Tehran, in terms of sustainability, according to the physical, spatial, economic, cultural, social and environmental indicators, it has very high weaknesses, which in the following, by studying the indicators, criteria and sub-criteria, etc., to provide solutions and We have made proposals for formations to solve their problems. Manuscript profile

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112 - Evaluation of the amount of green space per capita in the urban environment (case example: Bojnord city)
soudabeh hadadi kohsar ramezanali naderi mayvan

Today, the concept of cities without effective green space in its various forms is unimaginable. The consequences of urban development and the complexities of their environmental problems have made the existence of green space and its expansion inevitable forever. Payin More

Today, the concept of cities without effective green space in its various forms is unimaginable. The consequences of urban development and the complexities of their environmental problems have made the existence of green space and its expansion inevitable forever. Paying attention to green spaces in general as the breathing lungs of cities is not an exaggerated definition of its function. Rather, this simile is considered to express its minimal function in the ecological concept of cities. These spaces have an important place both from the point of view of meeting the environmental needs of the city dwellers and from the point of view of providing leisure spaces and the basis of communication and social interaction. With the rapid expansion of Bojnord city in recent decades, the importance of urban green space and parks has been greatly increased both in terms of increasing social, environmental and aesthetic needs, as well as the role of access to green space in social justice and balanced urban development. In this article, the distribution and per capita of urban green spaces with different performance levels in the area of Bojnoord city have been investigated and the deficiencies in this field have been analyzed. In this research, the type of research is based on the practical purpose and is based on the descriptive-analytical method, and the method of information analysis is using the deductive (rational) method as well as the use of GIS software, which is the map of the current situation and the access map using this The software was prepared. Also, these maps were used for the final analysis, which according to the obtained results, the city of Bojnord has a per capita shortage of urban green spaces, and this has caused environmental pollution in this city. Manuscript profile

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113 - Investigating the prevalence of obesity and overweight and its relationship with lifestyle in male high school students of Yasouj city
Ali Hemti zahra Hemti

Today, due to the change in lifestyle and nutritional pattern, the prevalence of obesity and overweight has increased significantly all over the world. Several important factors are involved, such as lifestyle and inactivity and low physical fitness. Accordingly, in the More

Today, due to the change in lifestyle and nutritional pattern, the prevalence of obesity and overweight has increased significantly all over the world. Several important factors are involved, such as lifestyle and inactivity and low physical fitness. Accordingly, in the present study, the prevalence of obesity and overweight and its relationship with lifestyle in male teenagers of Yasouj city have been investigated. In this research, two survey and documentary methods have been used. The statistical population under study was more than 4000 male students of the second secondary level of Yasouj city, of which 351 were selected as the sample size based on Morgan's table and were studied using proportional stratified random sampling. (ages, 15, 16, 17, 18, years) (Mean ± SD: 7.0 ± 6.15 years): The overall prevalence of overweight among the subjects was 20.5% and the overall prevalence of obesity among the subjects was 6.8%. The prevalence of abdominal obesity among subjects was 27.4%. The analysis of inferential findings has shown that there is a direct relationship between the amount of watching TV and working with the computer, food pattern and body mass index at an error level of less than 0.05 and a confidence level of 95%. Manuscript profile

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114 - The effect of collaborative learning method on first grade students of Yasouj city
Gulnar Salehikhah Maryam Bastam ziba Bastam

The purpose of this research is the effect of cooperative learning method on the first grade students of Yasouj city and whether their reading problems can be solved in a group and with each other's help or not. Therefore, two learning methods, One Saw I and Jake Saw II More

The purpose of this research is the effect of cooperative learning method on the first grade students of Yasouj city and whether their reading problems can be solved in a group and with each other's help or not. Therefore, two learning methods, One Saw I and Jake Saw II, have been used to investigate its effect on improving children's reading and learning. According to the subject, the semi-experimental method of the pre-test-post-test design has been chosen. Hoshi and Kessler's scale was used to collect the data, and to determine the level of students' reading disorder, the reading recognition test known as the Shirazi test was used. Also, the data obtained from the results of the pre-test, post-test, post-test and delayed test were used to collect information. . The validity coefficient was estimated to be 0.85 and the reliability coefficient was 0.95 for the total scale, 0.93 for the class scale and 0.9 for the practical scale, and the mean of the reliability coefficients was 0.73. In the learning disorders center, an instructor provided educational services to 20 students during the week, and preferably 40 students were trained on two occasions. In this research, 20 students of the first term were randomly selected as the experimental group and 20 students of the second term were included as the control group. The information collected using the t-test of independent groups (t-test) and spss software was used for statistical work to compare the performance of two independent test and reference groups. The findings of the research show that cooperative learning is effective in reducing the problems of the first grade of elementary school compared to the individual education method. It is concluded from the hypotheses that cooperative learning is effective in not adding or removing words in the text compared to the individual education method, so we can conclude It was concluded that the students who were trained in cooperative method have better performance in acquiring reading skills. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

115 - -
Abdul Hossein Peshgo Siddiqa Talebipour Zahra Talebipour

The purpose of this research is the effect of learning method with individual education method on dyslexic students of the first grade of elementary school in Yasouj city and whether their reading problems can be solved in a group and with each other's help or not? Ther More

The purpose of this research is the effect of learning method with individual education method on dyslexic students of the first grade of elementary school in Yasouj city and whether their reading problems can be solved in a group and with each other's help or not? Therefore, two learning methods, One Saw I and Jake Saw II, have been used to investigate its effect on improving children's reading and learning. According to the subject, the semi-experimental method of the pre-test-post-test design has been chosen. Hoshi and Kessler's scale was used to collect the data, and to determine the level of students' reading disorder, the reading recognition test known as the Shirazi test was used. Also, the data obtained from the results of the pre-test, post-test, post-test and delayed test were used to collect information. . The validity coefficient was estimated to be 0.85 and the reliability coefficient was 0.95 for the total scale, 0.93 for the class scale and 0.9 for the practical scale, and the mean of the reliability coefficients was 0.73. In the center of learning disorders, an instructor provided educational services to 10 students during the week, and preferably 20 students were trained on two occasions. The findings of the research show that cooperative learning is effective in reducing the dyslexia problems of the first grade of elementary school compared to the individual education method. From the hypotheses, it can be concluded that cooperative learning is effective in not adding or removing words in the text compared to the individual education method. It was concluded that the students who were trained individually have better performance in acquiring reading skills. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

116 - A comparative study of emotional intelligence with academic progress of primary school students in Yasouj city
Zainab Farahpour Zarifeh Zamanian Nejad Rasool Zamanian Nejad

Today's world is changing. Life is getting more complicated and it doesn't give us time to think anymore. In this situation, we really need to have a high power and a high skill to establish a relationship with this globalized world and those who can win the game in thi More

Today's world is changing. Life is getting more complicated and it doesn't give us time to think anymore. In this situation, we really need to have a high power and a high skill to establish a relationship with this globalized world and those who can win the game in this global market who have a high skill in emotional intelligence. The purpose of this research is to compare emotional intelligence with academic progress of primary school students in Yasouj city. The measurement tool in the current research is a standard questionnaire that determines the comparative study of emotional intelligence with the academic progress of the studied elementary school students. The statistical population of this research is all primary school students of Yasouj city who were selected by simple random method. The results of the research showed that there is a difference between emotional intelligence and academic progress of male and female students. That is, with the increase of emotional intelligence, the academic success of students also increases. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

117 - "Necessity and strategies for improving and renovating worn-out urban structures (case study: Shahr Karaj)"
Asghar Kazemi

Human settlement was the beginning of his urbanization. To the extent that this growth of urbanization has created many social, economic and political issues in recent decades. One of these problems is the dilapidated urban structures, whose renovation and improvement h More

Human settlement was the beginning of his urbanization. To the extent that this growth of urbanization has created many social, economic and political issues in recent decades. One of these problems is the dilapidated urban structures, whose renovation and improvement has attracted the attention of urban planners and managers in recent decades. In such a situation, it is necessary to revive these tissues by using appropriate policies such as reconstruction, rehabilitation, renovation, improvement, redevelopment and finally regeneration. Renovation and improvement does not happen once and for all, but is a continuous thing. This is not instantaneous and fast, but a sensitive and complex process that requires the design of short-term, medium-term and long-term targeted programs and to achieve Successful organization and revitalization requires a detailed understanding of the old context and the entire city system and regional system. Therefore, in the present research, an attempt has been made to address the issue of improvement in the dilapidated fabric of Karaj city through the formulation of strategies. The results show that the factors of creating suitable institutional and legal frameworks for the purpose of integrated urban management, empowerment and capacity building in the municipalities and Islamic councils of the city are considered to be the most effective strategies for the regeneration of the worn-out fabric of Karaj city. Future. Also, the effective factors on renovation policies are: "simplifying the processes and steps of action for the renovation of buildings in run-down neighborhoods" and "supporting the establishment of neighborhood renovation service offices". In addition, "the use of non-governmental organizations in worn-out areas and neighborhoods" were identified as influencing factors on the issue of renovation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

118 - Explanation of the smart city model with an emphasis on urban governance
behnam mahmoudian

Cities inherently face complex and wide-ranging challenges that can only be solved through a systematic approach. Not only has the balance of cities collapsed, but it has also made it impossible to achieve sustainability with the current methods of urban management and More

Cities inherently face complex and wide-ranging challenges that can only be solved through a systematic approach. Not only has the balance of cities collapsed, but it has also made it impossible to achieve sustainability with the current methods of urban management and development. As a result, urban planners around the world are trying to develop models for the development of 21st century cities with an integrated view of all dimensions of urbanization. Responding to the new demands and expectations of today's world, one of the new concepts to deal with the current challenges of cities in the field of urban planning is the development of a smart city, which has attracted a lot of attention in recent years, the smart city as the axis of transformation. And the development of the millennium has been proposed and means the opening of new concepts in urban planning that combines the capabilities of the real and virtual worlds to solve urban problems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

119 - The effect of collaborative teaching method on the academic progress of chemistry course of first year female students of Yasouj city high school
Azrae Rozehdar

The aim is the effect of collaborative teaching method on the academic progress of chemistry course of first year female students of Yasouj high school. The research method was semi-experimental, and the data collection tool was the social skills questionnaire, as well More

The aim is the effect of collaborative teaching method on the academic progress of chemistry course of first year female students of Yasouj high school. The research method was semi-experimental, and the data collection tool was the social skills questionnaire, as well as the grade point average of the students was used to check their academic progress. The statistical population of this research was all male students in the first grade of Yasouj secondary school in the academic year of 1401-02. The number of them was estimated to be 61 and the entire statistical population was selected as the research sample. The assumptions were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods of one-way covariance analysis, and the results showed; The cooperative learning method does not affect the academic progress of students in general; The results also showed that the cooperative learning method has a significant effect on the development of students' participation skills in group activities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

120 - The effect of collaborative teaching method on the social skills of the fifth grade students of Yasouj city
ali ohadikish

The purpose of this study is the effect of cooperative teaching method on social skills of fifth grade students of Yasouj city. The research method was semi-experimental and the data collection tool was the questionnaire of their academic social skills. The statistical More

The purpose of this study is the effect of cooperative teaching method on social skills of fifth grade students of Yasouj city. The research method was semi-experimental and the data collection tool was the questionnaire of their academic social skills. The statistical population of this research was all male students of the first grade of secondary school in Yasouj city in the academic year of 1402-1401, whose number was estimated to be 81, and the whole population Statistics were also selected as a research sample. Hypotheses were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods of one-way covariance analysis, and the results showed; The cooperative learning method does not affect the social skills of students in general; The results also showed that the cooperative learning method has a significant effect on the development of students' participation skills in group activities, but it does not have a significant effect on the students' ability to respect others, cooperation skills, and responsibility skills. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

121 - Meta-analysis of studies conducted in the field of smart city indicators in Iran
Mohammad javad samani nezhad neda khodakaramiangilan

Mohammad Javad Samaninezhad Neda Khodakarmian Gilan Abstract The process of urbanization in the world and the problems arising from it bring great challenges to cities, and the concept of a smart city has been created as a solution to the problems of cities. More

Mohammad Javad Samaninezhad Neda Khodakarmian Gilan Abstract The process of urbanization in the world and the problems arising from it bring great challenges to cities, and the concept of a smart city has been created as a solution to the problems of cities. Smart cities are defined as cities that pay attention to human capital, social and communication infrastructure, will improve the economy and quality of life, wise management of natural resources and cooperative governance. Now, it should be noted that smart building should be on the agenda in cities and the construction of a new city should be combined with new ideas. Therefore, prioritizing criteria and indicators is of particular importance. The aim of the current research is to investigate the indicators affecting the smart city in Iran. The present study is a descriptive-analytical research in which the meta-analysis method was used. The statistical population of the research includes all the researches conducted in the field of smart city indicators that were published in Normagz, Jihad University, Humanities, Mogiran and Irandak databases from 1396 to 1400. In this research, the amount of cooperation and participation of researchers, statistical community, sampling method and time pattern of publication of articles and variables used and their effect size in smart city studies in Iran have been investigated. The results showed that the level of cooperation and teamwork of researchers in research is acceptable and most of the research was done in the period of 1399 to 1400. Also, most of these researches were in the field of specific fields. Finally, the results of the effect size showed that the smart economy has the largest effect size in the smart city, and smart people are the second most important variable in the smart city, on the other hand, smart government and smart environment are the next variables. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

122 - Identifying Factors and Indicators Affecting the Development of Urban Management Based on Modern Intelligent Communication Technologies Based on a Qualitative Approac
Mehdi Askari Kachoosangi bibi sadat miresmaeili afshin Mohammadi HamidReza Hoseini Dana Seyyed Reza Naqib al-Sadat

Based on the purpose, this research is an applied-developmental research, because it seeks to find a suitable model for new intelligent communication technologies in the development of urban management. On the other hand, based on the method and time period of data coll More

Based on the purpose, this research is an applied-developmental research, because it seeks to find a suitable model for new intelligent communication technologies in the development of urban management. On the other hand, based on the method and time period of data collection, it is a descriptive (non-experimental) research that was conducted with a cross-sectional survey method. Also, this study is based on a qualitative approach from the perspective of the nature of the data. In the first part, based on library studies and then expert interviews, the indicators of new intelligent communication technologies in the development of urban management have been identified. After the qualitative analysis stage, questionnaires were distributed and data was collected from experts in the field of media and urban management. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes 17experts in the field of study and media activists and urban management of the country. The qualitative results of this research showed that the optimal pattern of new intelligent communication technologies includes the categories of causal conditions (digital world, virtual world technology), contextual conditions (urban management), central phenomenon (new technologies), intervening conditions ( governments and citizens), strategies and actions (smart city), consequences smart transportation and environment, smart government and economy, smart people and life, (smart city). It is worth mentioning that MAXQDA software was used in grounded theory analysis Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

123 - Assessment of smart citizens in Iranian cities (Case example: Tehran city)
Elham Zabetian Targhi masoud dadgar

Based on the theoretical framework of the smart city, the third generation of smart cities in the world emphasizes "smart citizens" rather than supporting infrastructure; In fact, the smartness of cities depends on the smartness of citizens rather than the development o More

Based on the theoretical framework of the smart city, the third generation of smart cities in the world emphasizes "smart citizens" rather than supporting infrastructure; In fact, the smartness of cities depends on the smartness of citizens rather than the development of new technologies and infrastructures. Also, there are internationally approved indexes for measuring and evaluating the state of intelligence of citizens, which of course can be revised based on the cultural and contextual conditions of each region in cities. Therefore, according to the importance of the subject and to extract and diagnose the intelligence indexes of citizens in Iran, in this research, after document, with the conceptualization method, the indexes and sub-indexes of citizen evaluation have been extracted and then in the stage of survey studies, electronic questionnaires have been designed to measure the mentioned indexes and distributed among about 270 citizens of Tehran (as the capital and the leader in the field of intelligence in the country). In the next stage, quantitative and qualitative analyses have been carried out. By using multivariate regression and beta test, related indicators have been ranked and interpreted. Finally, the results show that the participation index is the most important element in the field of smart citizens, and this indicates that the promotion of the role of the citizens does not necessarily depend on the provision of infrastructure and the introduction of new technologies in cities. Also, suggestions for educating smart citizens from preschool to university level have been presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

124 - Strategies of the supporters of the historical fabrics of Kerman for the conservation of historical Places
Nooshin Nazarieh Eisa Esfanjary

With the development of the modern approach of conservation, the formulation of charters, treaties and the formation of international institutions, the Conservation and restoration of historical places gradually distanced from their geographical, cultural and people ori More

With the development of the modern approach of conservation, the formulation of charters, treaties and the formation of international institutions, the Conservation and restoration of historical places gradually distanced from their geographical, cultural and people origins, and its global dimensions were added. The loss of role and shortening of the hand of native people in the Conservation and restoration of historical places can be counted as one of its consequences, So Discussioning how people think and act in the Conservation and restoration of historical places is one of the basic research questions; This research seeks to achieve popular conservation strategies in the historical city of Kerman. For this purpose, grounded theory method (GT) has been used and collect data through semi- structured interviews. 24 people of Kerman city who are interacting with historical places were studied with purposeful sampling method and theoretical saturation criteria. In the results of the research, it was revealed that a group of local people have a special desire and interest in historical places, and seven main categories were obtained from their actions, which include: Preventive conservation, inspiration and modeling in restoration, pure- integrated duality in restoration, consolidating- decorative duality in restoration, expansion and expansion of the historical building, preservation of the components and preservation of the elements of the historical building, maintenance and dealing with the process of destruction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

125 - Assessing the feasibility of smart city features (a case study of Tabriz city)
sahar jamshidi nafiseh zare اکبر عبدالله زاده طرف

The smartening of cities does not only mean the growth of technology and mechanization, but when it is smart and optimal in all socialcultural, economic, environmental, and governance fields, it is called a smart city . One of the necessities of making cities smarter More

The smartening of cities does not only mean the growth of technology and mechanization, but when it is smart and optimal in all socialcultural, economic, environmental, and governance fields, it is called a smart city . One of the necessities of making cities smarter is using less energy resources and creating maximum efficiency. In recent years, the technology employment has become important to speed up the process of daily work and improve the quality of life; however, it has not been formed in a comprehensive and integrated way. This research aimed to investigate the feasibility of smart city indicators in Tabriz. The feasibility of six basic components of a smart city in social, political, environmental and other fields has been investigated. The current research method is a library and questionnaire. Considering the specialization of intelligence and the requirements of its realization, the extracted questionnaire was completed with the cooperation of professors and experts. The results were analyzed in SPSS software. Based on Cronbach's numbers, Tabriz city has been in a relatively favorable situation in terms of realizing the characteristics of a smart city. But in general, this city cannot be called smart. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

126 - The Place of Religiosity in the Changes of Social Hope of Tehrani Citizens
RAHA TALEB ARDAKANI bijan zare reza safarishali alireza karimi

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The Place of Religiosity in the Changes   of Social Hope of Tehrani Citizens       Raha Talebi Ardakani<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>   Bijan Zare<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">**</a>   Reza Safari Shali<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3">***</a>    Alireza Karimi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="" href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4">****</a>       Introduction   Hope, as a protective factor, is a positive psychological trait that enables individuals to set clear goals, develop multiple pathways to achieve these goals, overcome obstacles, and generate the necessary energy to pursue their objectives. It fosters positive emotions while simultaneously mitigating negative issues. Hope is viewed as a form of self-confidence and personal mastery that aids in goal-setting, planning, and problem-solving. Although social hope has not been prominently recognized as a significant social problem in national policy discourse, its absence or insufficiency has raised concerns among many people and officials.   Religiosity and religious teachings play a crucial role in enhancing social hope. They directly impact psychological and social well-being, thereby increasing both social and individual hope. Understanding the nature of hope, especially its transcendental and religious dimensions, offers potential pathways to bolster hope in various aspects. Social hope has become a political necessity in Iran, and any efforts to rebuild the relationship between the government and society depend on strengthening this component. Contemporary Iranian society appears to be on the brink of a crisis of despair. The erosion of social hope in recent years, coupled with a decline in social capital, has created significant challenges for the country’s development and social progress.   The aim of this research is to sociologically and qualitatively explore the role of religiosity in social hope among the citizens of Tehran.       Methodology   This qualitative research utilized a grounded theory approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 50 individuals from Tehran, including university professors, marketers, youth, women, and students. The research reached theoretical saturation. Participants were selected using purposive sampling with snowball and maximum variation techniques to ensure diversity in terms of gender, education, age, and social class. Interviews lasted between 50 minutes to 2 hours and were sometimes conducted in multiple sessions. Data collection spanned over 2 years. Data analysis followed the theoretical coding system of grounded theory, comprising open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. In open coding, the interview texts were read line by line and conceptualized. In axial coding, concepts were grouped into central categories based on semantic overlap. The core category, derived at a more abstract level, was identified as the role of religiosity in the multifaceted revitalization of social hope.   Ethical considerations were observed throughout the study. Participants' consent was obtained before interviews, and they were informed about the research’s purpose, topic, and methods. Their privacy was protected by recording data with their permission and using pseudonyms to maintain confidentiality.       Findings   During the open coding phase, 105 open codes, 33 core codes, 9 main categories, and one core category emerged: hope for the hereafter and receiving divine reward; religious worldview and giving meaning to life; communication with God as the foundation of hope; the production of correct content and its role in religious identification and gaining hope; patience, tolerance of suffering, and hope for divine intervention; the spread of kindness and benevolence in religious teachings; the interdependence of religion, answering doubts, and increasing awareness; reducing social damage; and expanding solidarity and social belonging. The core category, the agency of religiosity in the multifaceted revitalization of social hope, was identified.   Participants sought various strategies to enhance and strengthen their social hope. They practiced kindness and beneficence, such as making vows, which increased their resilience to adversity by reinforcing their connection with a higher power. These practices aimed to improve problem-solving and provide mental and spiritual peace in this life and the hereafter. Participation in religious ceremonies and rituals also contributed to social cohesion by strengthening bonds and relationships.       Conclusion   The core category, the role of religiosity in the multifaceted revival of social hope, reflects a complex interplay of factors, conditions, and contexts. It illustrates that religiosity's role in expressing and developing social hope is multifaceted and not singularly causal. Social hope, from various humanities perspectives, remains a significant concern for individuals and cultural policymakers.         <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">* Ph.D</a>. Student of cultural policy, Kharazmi University, Iran. rahatalebiardakani@gmail.com </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">** Corresponding author: Pr</a>ofessor of Sociology Department, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. zare@khu.ac.ir </div> <div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3">*** Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran</a>. Reza_safaryshali@khu.ac.ir </div> <div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="" href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4">**** Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Kharazmi U</a>niversity, Tehran, Iran. alireza.karimi@khu.ac.ir </div> </div>   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

127 - Investigating the concept of a smart city: Integrating Information Technology to Improve Quality of Life and Urban Services
Mona Vaziri Negin Bani Khalifi Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani

Modernity, coupled with accelerated urbanization and the high speed of information and communication technologies, calls for cities that demonstrate the ability to develop new concepts in the fields of urbanization, adaptation, and coordination. For this purpose, cities More

Modernity, coupled with accelerated urbanization and the high speed of information and communication technologies, calls for cities that demonstrate the ability to develop new concepts in the fields of urbanization, adaptation, and coordination. For this purpose, cities, inspired by new technologies, provide urban services to improve the quality of public services in the community. This new attitude towards cities can improve the living conditions of their inhabitants. Therefore, a new and conceptual look is needed in a smart city to give it a new framework. The main objectives of smart cities are to optimize urban activities, boost economic growth, and improve the quality of life of citizens. The research focuses on the concept of a smart city, its objectives, and its indicators. The present research methodology is a descriptive-analysis of the type of application that collects the required data using library information and authoritative articles. The results show that smart cities have reached indicators such as management, energy, building, transport, urban services and therapy, technology, and smart citizens. Key areas of smart cities include economics, people and governments, the environment, and smart living, which can lead to greater energy efficiency, increased yield, careful analysis of consumption, and data collection. As a result, these experimental measures will promote the development of cities, creating new insights that will improve the living conditions of their inhabitants. The new definition will inform future generations and their work in cities, communities, and achieving cities with intelligent concepts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

128 - The role of the orientation of Isfahan houses in the natural lighting of spaces adjacent to the central courtyard: Historical houses of Isfahan city.
ساناز رهروی پوده

One of the influential factors in building design is their proper orientation regarding the placement of the sun and the optimal utilization of natural light. Research conducted on buildings constructed in Iran has referred to three orientations (directions): the ori More

One of the influential factors in building design is their proper orientation regarding the placement of the sun and the optimal utilization of natural light. Research conducted on buildings constructed in Iran has referred to three orientations (directions): the orientation of urban buildings relative to sunlight, wind direction, and generally the appropriate use of optimal climatic conditions. This article aims to investigate the orientation of courtyard houses in the city of Isfahan, built during the Safavid and Qajar periods, and its impact on the illumination of facades and spaces situated in each direction. The main research question is based on the orientation of houses, both in terms of direction and angle, and how it has affected the illumination of facades and consequently the spaces. The purpose of this research is to study the role of the orientation of houses in the illumination of spaces. The method employed in this study is qualitative research, and data collection utilized both library and field methods, with data analysis conducted using descriptive methods. The results of this research indicate that the orientation of houses on a north-south axis in winter, based on the Isfahan pattern, performs better than other angles for Tehran-style illumination (winter-oriented). However, overall, none of the orientations had a significant impact on facade illumination. Nonetheless, the varied placement angles in historical houses not built according to the Isfahan pattern were not climate-dependent but rather created based on the shape of the land and its axial alignment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

129 - Analysis of the character of Khaled, the protagonist of the novel Neighbours, the Story of a City and the Burnt Earth by Ahmad Mahmoud from the sociological perspective of George Lukács
Fariborz Jafari Ahmadi Faramarz Shirinbayan Mohammad Saleh Amiri

The purpose of sociology of literature is to express the links between society and literature and also to reveal how social realities are reflected in literary works, especially in novels. Lukács, as one of the greatest theorists in the field of sociology of l More

The purpose of sociology of literature is to express the links between society and literature and also to reveal how social realities are reflected in literary works, especially in novels. Lukács, as one of the greatest theorists in the field of sociology of literature, tried to show the mutual influence between social structures and literary structures. He considers the novel to be a reflection of the social life of the author's era and also a product of his particular worldview. Ahmad Mahmoud is one of the realist story writers, whose main focus is to express the type of social life of the people of his time, and this issue can be seen in his works. Therefore, the three novels Neighbors, The Story of a City and Burnt Earth can be analyzed based on the sociological theory of George Lukács and the following hypotheses can be put forward: 1- Social novels can be used to reform and improve structures. and cultural-social attitudes are effective. 2- Contemporary novels can not only be a mirror of the whole society with their realistic view, but they can also influence the society from a cultural-social and even political point of view. to be influential and cause intellectual changes in their readers. 3- According to the sociological theories of George Lukács, the sociological analysis of these three novels can be a guide to identify his worldview. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

130 - The world of light in the poetry of Rumi and Suhrawardi
mohammad thaghi khammar behrouz romiani mostafa salari

The innovations and innovations of Rumi, the famous Iranian poet and mystic, have made him especially prominent among Iranian poets. The symbolism of cities, in his works, is one of his most beautiful works. In a general division, the symbolic cities mentioned in Rum More

The innovations and innovations of Rumi, the famous Iranian poet and mystic, have made him especially prominent among Iranian poets. The symbolism of cities, in his works, is one of his most beautiful works. In a general division, the symbolic cities mentioned in Rumi's works can be classified into two categories: "City of Light" and "City of Darkness". In Suhrawardi's works, the same procedure can be seen in the form of Suhrawardi's allegories and specific symbols. This research, which is based on the theory of comparative literature, shows that two prominent Iranian thinkers, while benefiting from Iranian and Islamic sources, have created different contexts from the perspective of symbolism. Manuscript profile

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