• List of Articles انرژی

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Energy-efficient and Privacy preserving Data Aggreration in wireless sensor networks
        zahra zare
        Energy consumption is ranked among the major problems of research in wireless sensor networks(WSNs). The main reason for nodes failure is the discharge of batteries in sensor networks. Therefore, energy consumption plays an important role in wireless sensor networks. Da More
        Energy consumption is ranked among the major problems of research in wireless sensor networks(WSNs). The main reason for nodes failure is the discharge of batteries in sensor networks. Therefore, energy consumption plays an important role in wireless sensor networks. Data aggregation can greatly help to reduce this consumption by eliminating redundant data, and using clustering methods for data aggregation helps to further reduce energy consumption. Sensor nodes are prone to node compromise attacks which cause an adversary to change the aggregation result and inject false data into the WSN, hence security issues such as data confidentiality and integrity are extremely important. Because both data aggregation and security are critical for wireless sensor networks, achieving secure data aggregation that protects integrity is a critical issue. In this paper, we present a secure data aggregation method called Energy-Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Data Aggregation using our clustering algorithm which is an improvement on LEACH protocol and Homomorphic Encryption technique. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Investigating the Effects of Hardware Parameters on Power Consumptions in SPMV Algorithms on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs)
        Farshad Khunjush
        Although Sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SPMVs) algorithms are simple, they include important parts of Linear Algebra algorithms in Mathematics and Physics areas. As these algorithms can be run in parallel, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) has been considered as on More
        Although Sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SPMVs) algorithms are simple, they include important parts of Linear Algebra algorithms in Mathematics and Physics areas. As these algorithms can be run in parallel, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) has been considered as one of the best candidates to run these algorithms. In the recent years, power consumption has been considered as one of the metrics that should be taken into consideration in addition to performance.  In spite of this importance, to the best of our knowledge, studies on power consumptions in SPMVs algorithms on GPUs are scarce.  In this paper, we investigate the effects of hardware parameters on power consumptions in SPMV algorithms on GPUs. For this, we leverage the possibility of setting the GPU’s parameters to investigate the effects of these parameters on power consumptions. These configurations have been applied to different formats of Sparse Matrices, and the best parameters are selected for having the best performance per power metric. Therefore, as the results of this study the settings can be applied in running different Linear Algebra algorithms on GPUs to obtain the best performance per power. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Iran paradigm in the Vision 2050 global electricity industry
        ali mighi mohsen masoumzade
        Today's technology has been recognized as an important lever for economic growth in the global arena. Successful industries in the world have now realized the importance of this which Effective application of science and technology to increase efficiency and competitive More
        Today's technology has been recognized as an important lever for economic growth in the global arena. Successful industries in the world have now realized the importance of this which Effective application of science and technology to increase efficiency and competitiveness in global markets will. It will no doubt come from countries that develop technologies based on their specific strategies and policies identified And so with the necessary mechanisms to keep pace with future developments are ready. Facing the technological challenges facing the electric power industry in the world and what is it? The share of new and renewable energy future Basket power source What is the world? What is the future direction of Automation and Intelligent power grid? The processes of electric vehicles, increasing urbanization, emissions, etc., What impact will the technology industry in the coming years? This paper studies the power industry developed country like South Korea and prospects of development of the technology industry by 2050 That is the appropriate response to achieve. Data and evidence presented in this report suggest that the technological development of the electricity industry to align with the future of the power industry in the world, should be the subject of such an intelligent network,Reduce greenhouse gas emissions through development of renewable energy and improve the efficiency of existing plants, the optimal combination of product portfolio, Consumption and improve the efficiency of transportation management and development will focus on electricity Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - فرصت‌ها و چالش‌ها در ساخت كالاهاي آب و برق
        Mohammad kabiri hooshang aliverdilou elham aminnia
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Investigating the Effect of Hardware Parameters Adjustments on Energy Consumption in Thin Matrix Multiplication Algorithm on GPUs
        mina ashouri Farshad Khunjush
        Multiplication of thin algorithmic matrices is a simple but very important part of linear and scientific algebra programs in mathematics and physics, and due to its parallel nature, GPUs are one of the most suitable and important options. To select its executive platfor More
        Multiplication of thin algorithmic matrices is a simple but very important part of linear and scientific algebra programs in mathematics and physics, and due to its parallel nature, GPUs are one of the most suitable and important options. To select its executive platform. In recent years, due to the emphasis of researchers to consider energy consumption as one of the main design goals along with efficiency, very little effort has been made to improve the energy consumption of this algorithm on the GPU. In this article, this issue is addressed from the perspective of energy efficiency in efficiency obtained. Utilizing the configuration capability introduced in modern GPUs, by statistically examining the behavior of this algorithm when using different thin matrix storage formats and different hardware settings for more than 200 matrices Slim example, the best configuration settings for the thin matrix multiplication algorithm with different storage formats on the GPU are obtained. This configuration for each storage format is selected to give the best configuration in all samples tested. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - Presenting a method based on computational intelligence to improve energy consumption in smart wireless sensor networks
        faezeh talebian حسن  ختن¬لو منصور  اسماعیل¬پور
        Recent advances in the field of electronics and wireless communication have given the ability to design and manufacture sensors with low power consumption, small size, reasonable price and various uses. The limited energy capacity of sensors is a major challenge that af More
        Recent advances in the field of electronics and wireless communication have given the ability to design and manufacture sensors with low power consumption, small size, reasonable price and various uses. The limited energy capacity of sensors is a major challenge that affects these networks. Clustering is used as one of the well-known methods to manage this challenge. To find the suitable location of the cluster heads, the colonial competition algorithm, which is one of the branches of computational intelligence, has been used. Cluster heads are connected by a three-level model, so that cluster heads with low energy capacity and far from the station are known as the third level and exchange information indirectly with the base station. This increases the lifespan of wireless sensor networks Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - Use of macro-algae as biomass resource for renewable energy production
        mehran parsa Maryam Pazoki hassan hoveidi
        10.29252/.2.2.1
        Energy consumption has significantly increased beside of urbanization growth. It may go up so fast that it results in environmental Issues and greater natural resource depletions. Therefore, the use of renewable and clean fuel is considered necessary. Currently, macro-a More
        Energy consumption has significantly increased beside of urbanization growth. It may go up so fast that it results in environmental Issues and greater natural resource depletions. Therefore, the use of renewable and clean fuel is considered necessary. Currently, macro-algae are cultivated in various regions of the world for various industrial and food usages. Macro-algae are known as a specific resource of alternative for energy production due to their biochemical properties such as high level of carbohydrate, lipid and protein. Various biotechnology methods have been developed for energy producing from macro-algae which are divided into two categories: 1) biochemical processes (fermentation, digestion) and 2) thermochemical processes (incineration, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal liquefaction). Depending on the type of methods, the product are categorized under different phases such as solid, liquid and gas. In this study, we will review the methods and studies on the energy production of different species of macroalgae. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - Environmental effects of sustainable energies (Case Study: Solar, Wind and Hydroelectric Energy)
        fatemeh ghanbari farham amin share
        10.29252/.2.3.41
        Increasing air pollution and global warming due to the excessive use of fossil fuels attracted public attention to climate change. Accordingly, the expected increase in demand for other alternative energy sources especialy renewable energy is predictable. While some res More
        Increasing air pollution and global warming due to the excessive use of fossil fuels attracted public attention to climate change. Accordingly, the expected increase in demand for other alternative energy sources especialy renewable energy is predictable. While some research on renewable energy shows that these kind of energy also have undesirable environmental effects. In this study solar energy systems, wind power and hydroelectric power systems wew investigated and their effects on air, soil, sound and effect on wildlife were studied. The results show that although these kind of energy are called clean energy, they have negative environmental effects. This research also suggests ways to prevent the effects of destructive renewable energy sources. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Prioritization of energy recovery technologies from municipal solid waste (Case study of Mashhad)
        Arman Shahnazari
        10.29252/.5.7.67
        Thermal energy recovery technologies which used to burn solid urban waste are one of the relatively new and appropriate methods in waste management. Heat and gases are generated by burning waste that can be used to generate energy. In this research, a decision model bas More
        Thermal energy recovery technologies which used to burn solid urban waste are one of the relatively new and appropriate methods in waste management. Heat and gases are generated by burning waste that can be used to generate energy. In this research, a decision model based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is Provided to select the best thermochemical system based on three technical, economic and environmental criteria. In this study, waste incineration, gasification, pyrolysis and plasma systems were evaluated. Collection of required information was obtained by reviewing reliable sources and preparing and completing questionnaires. The study area in this study is Mashhad city. The results of this study indicate that among the studied systems, plasma system (technology) is the best option for energy recovery from solid wastes in Mashhad, after that, waste incineration, gasification and pyrolysis systems are in the next categories, respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - Increasing the value of collected data and reducing energy consumption by using network coding and mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks
        ehsan kharati
        The wireless sensor network includes a number of fixed sensor nodes that move sink nodes to collect data between nodes. To reduce energy consumption and increase the value of collected data, it is necessary to determine the optimum route and residence location of mobile More
        The wireless sensor network includes a number of fixed sensor nodes that move sink nodes to collect data between nodes. To reduce energy consumption and increase the value of collected data, it is necessary to determine the optimum route and residence location of mobile sinks, which increases the life of wireless sensor networks. Using network coding, this paper presents a Mixed Integer Linear Programming Model to determine the optimal multicast routing of source sensor nodes to mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks, which determines the time and location of sinks to collect maximum coded data and reduces the delay in sink movement and energy consumption. Solving this problem in polynomial time is not possible due to the involvement of various parameters and the constrained resources of wireless sensor networks. Therefore, several exploratory and greedy and fully distributed algorithms are proposed to determine the movement of sinks and their residence location based on maximizing the value of coded data and the type of data dead time. By simulating, the optimal method and the use of coding and proposed algorithms, reduce the runtime and energy consumption and increase the value of collected data and network lifetime than non-coding methods. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        11 - Using a multi-objective optimization algorithm for tasks allocate in the cloud-based systems to reduce energy consumption
        sara tabaghchimilan nima jafari novimipour
        Nowadays, new technologies have increased the demand for business in the web environment.Increasing demand will increase the variety and number of services. As a result, the creation of large-scale computing data centers has high operating costs and consumes huge amount More
        Nowadays, new technologies have increased the demand for business in the web environment.Increasing demand will increase the variety and number of services. As a result, the creation of large-scale computing data centers has high operating costs and consumes huge amounts of electrical power. On the other hand, inadequate and inadequate cooling systems not only cause excessive heating of resources and shorten the life of the machines. It also produces carbon that plays an important role in the weather. Therefore, they should reduce the total energy consumption of these systems with proper methods. In this research, an efficient energy management approach is provided in virtual cloud data centers, which reduces energy consumption and operational costs, and brings about an increase in the quality of services. It aims to provide a resource allocation strategy for cloud systems with the goal of reducing energy, cost of implementation and examining its use in cloud computing. The results of the simulation show that the proposed method in comaprision to NPA, DVFS, ST and MM methods can reduce the average energy consumption up to 0.626 kWh, also the need to immigration and SLA violation declined up to 186 and 30.91% respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        12 - The Role of Solar Energy in Sustainable Development in Tehran (Case Study: Residential Building)
        صابر شفائی گیگلو Bahlool Alijani Mohammad سلیقه
        Sustainable urban development is about building a relatively ideal and ideal city in which contemporary citizens enjoy a fairly good life and the future generation's ability to meet their needs. Tehran, as the main city in Iran, which has about 20% of the country's popu More
        Sustainable urban development is about building a relatively ideal and ideal city in which contemporary citizens enjoy a fairly good life and the future generation's ability to meet their needs. Tehran, as the main city in Iran, which has about 20% of the country's population and its changes are influenced extensively and directly throughout the country, should therefore be considered more than other cities in terms of urban development. This research is practical in terms of purpose and in terms of its type, descriptive-analytical and consists of four main stages. In the first phase of this research, in order to identify and assess the current status of produced and consumed energy, we study and compare energy consumption data from all fossil fuels, non-renewable and renewable energy sources. In the second stage, the solar energy potential in Tehran, was studied using the information obtained from the synoptic station Mehrabad. In the third step, the cost of generating energy (electric energy) with fossil fuels or photovoltaic systems was compared. In the final stage, the process of designing and analyzing the choice of photovoltaic systems with run on two sample systems was implemented. The results indicate that the domestic, commercial and public sectors and transportation have the highest energy consumption in Tehran in different parts of the country. And also these two parts form the main part of energy consumption in residential areas. as of 2014, the total supply of energy (including production, imports, ...) of non-renewable fossil fuels is 1.774.5 million barrels of crude oil. As of 2014, the total supply of energy (including production, imports, ...) of non-renewable fossil fuels is 1.774.5 million barrels of crude oil. By contrast, the total supply of renewable energy, especially solar energy, is only 24.9% (equivalent to crude oil barrels), which is only 0.013% of the total energy supply of the country. However, due to high capacities of different energy standards in Tehran, utility rate of solar energy this city is significant. And luckily, in recent years, there has been a downturn in the cost of photovoltaic systems. Therefore, at the end of the research, suggestions were made to enhance the role of solar energy in the sustainable development of Tehran, especially in the construction industry, contains: review and modification of urban planning rules for optimizing energy consumption of fossil fuels, by notification and coercion new guidelines for the use of solar energy in the residential areas of Tehran. Culture -building and development of incentive schemes for the prosperity of the production and use of solar energy by citizens, even in small quantities. Providing necessary infrastructure for utilizing solar energy in the household, public and commercial sectors of Tehran Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        13 - The explanation of conflict between the Iran and America in the Caspian geopolitical region
          hassan kamran محمدحسین  دشتی
        The Caspian Sea region is of high importance regarding energy related geopolitics, energy transporting lines and security within regional and international relation. After the fragmentation of USSR and the increase of number of the Caspian coastal countries from two to More
        The Caspian Sea region is of high importance regarding energy related geopolitics, energy transporting lines and security within regional and international relation. After the fragmentation of USSR and the increase of number of the Caspian coastal countries from two to five, the issue of determining a legal resolution for the Caspian Sea became more complicated. Thus, the regional and trans-regional countries benefits and maximize their power within the international system in the region among which the encounter between America and Iran is the most salient. In this paper it has been tried to explain this problem in the region employing the analytical – descriptive technique based on theoretical approaches of energy – related geopolitics. In this direction, findings indicate that the conflicting policy of the two countries, America's attempt to eliminate the geopolitical situation of Iran from transportation of energy in the region, the effectiveness of America on debates relative to determining a legal resolution on the Caspian region by resorting to military and security solution and threatening Iran's interests and national security are among the most important reasons for this encounter. Finally the Islamic Republic of Iran can obtain its main interests within the legal resolution for Caspian Sea and find its place as the connecting chain among producers and consumers of energy, by a correct understanding of its geopolitical capabilities within foreign policy and active and smart diplomacy. In fact, it is the best way to achieve the economic development, as well as to tie the international economy to its national security and to minimize the relative threats. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        14 - Presenting an Improved Approach in order to Optimum Mother Wavelet Identification for Earth Sciences Data Processing
        فرناز قریشی Behzad tokhmechi امین روشندل کاهو حسین احمدی نوبری
        More information can be extracted from signals, using signal transform tools. Among other tools, “wavelet transform” has an increasing fortune because of its good properties. The main issue is that choosing “different mother wavelet functions” results in diverse conclus More
        More information can be extracted from signals, using signal transform tools. Among other tools, “wavelet transform” has an increasing fortune because of its good properties. The main issue is that choosing “different mother wavelet functions” results in diverse conclusions. There are various algorithms to build a suitable mother wavelet for the analyzed signal. Along with those algorithms, there are procedures too for choosing the optimum mother wavelet among existing functions. From the latter group, the “energy matching” algorithm was used in the present paper to find the optimum mother wavelet. During the use of this algorithm, its deficiency in two aspects was revealed. To solve the problem, “zero mean transform” was chose as an extendable solution to prepare data for the used energy matching algorithm. Applying this simple transform helped us not only finding the optimum mother wavelet but also a unique one. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        15 - Shifting Mechanisms in I.R.Iran and Japan Relations
        الهه  كولايي ماندانا  تيشه‌يار
        Essential principle of Japan’s foreign relations with all countries used to be separation of political issues from economic considerations. The shift in the nature and structure of power within international system led this country to revise its outlook and base its ec More
        Essential principle of Japan’s foreign relations with all countries used to be separation of political issues from economic considerations. The shift in the nature and structure of power within international system led this country to revise its outlook and base its economic relations on political relations with different countries. To serve their own long-term interests, today Japanese find it an undeniable necessity to accord with the global process of supporting western globalized models and values. Fearing that its strategic relations with the US be disturbed, could be considered one of the factors in changing Japan’s attitude towards Iran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        16 - Investigating the Information and Communication Technology Deployment Impact on Energy Expenditures of Iranian households (A Provincial Approach)
        Elham Hosseinzadeh َAmir Hossein Mozayani
        Nowadays, investing in information and communication technology (ICT) is inevitable, because it affects various aspects of human life, including the economy. Due to the rapid growth of population, increasing energy demand, and limited energy resources, one of the bas More
        Nowadays, investing in information and communication technology (ICT) is inevitable, because it affects various aspects of human life, including the economy. Due to the rapid growth of population, increasing energy demand, and limited energy resources, one of the basic measures to achieve sustainable development in countries, is optimization and reform of energy consumption structures. Given that the home sector is one of the main sectors of energy consumption, one of the effective approaches in reducing and managing household energy expenditures is to use ICT capabilities. In this regard, in this study, the effect of ICT expansion on energy consumption of urban households in Iran using the Panel Data method and GLS model during the period 2008-2015 and in the form of provincial data has been analyzed. The results indicate that in some models, a significant reducing effect of ICT on energy expenditure was observed. However, in most of the estimated models, there is no significant reducing effect of ICT on household energy expenditure. It seems that the main reasons for this are the subsidy structure governing energy prices, the low share of energy in total household consumption expenditures, the lack of proper consumption culture. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        17 - Developing Indicators for assessing The Status of Iran’s Natural Gas Export Using Energy Demand Security Approach
        Hadi Sahebi pourya souri
        Iran is the second-largest proved natural gas reserve holder in the world, behind Russia and holds 17% of the world's proved natural gas reserves and more than one-third of OPEC's reserves. Iran is also among the five major producers of natural gas in the world. Accordi More
        Iran is the second-largest proved natural gas reserve holder in the world, behind Russia and holds 17% of the world's proved natural gas reserves and more than one-third of OPEC's reserves. Iran is also among the five major producers of natural gas in the world. According to rich reserves of natural gas, high success rate of natural gas exploration, and increasing growth of fossil fuel demand in highly import dependent countries like China, India, European Union, and Turkey all of which are potential markets for Iran natural gas export, there is a promising outlook for natural gas export of Iran and growth of resultant revenue in upcoming years. but due to Iran special geopolitical position, being enclosed by two strategic resources of natural gas and crude oil, i.e. Caspian Sea and Persian Gulf, and terrorist attacks and other unrests in Middle East, Central Asia, and Caucasus, securing energy demand and increasing the volume of Iran natural gas export has turned into a critical issue. In this research, after investigating Iran’s natural gas production, reserves, and export markets, seven quantitative indicators have developed according to political, economic, and infrastructural dimensions to assess Iran’s natural gas export whether in the form of LNG or via the pipeline. Policymakers of the energy economics field can analyze Iran’s current and potential gas export markets in recent years or in the upcoming years under different scenarios by using indicators introduced in this research and collecting the required data so that they can adopt appropriate policies for enhancing the energy export demand security of Iran particularly natural gas. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        18 - Applying the Entrepreneurial Approach to Create Business Model for Energy Supplying Businesses Case study; International Gas Market
        amirhooshang karami Seyed Mojtaba Sajjadi Seyyed Reza Hejazi asgar khademvatani
        Sustainability of energy supplying in the world depends on the quality of its utilization, optimal planning and usage strategies. One of the most important sources of clean, inexpensive and affordable energy is Natural Gas. While production of this source by producer co More
        Sustainability of energy supplying in the world depends on the quality of its utilization, optimal planning and usage strategies. One of the most important sources of clean, inexpensive and affordable energy is Natural Gas. While production of this source by producer countries, such as Iran, is constantly increasing (about 4 percent annually) and more than 30 million tons per year, but the "Energy Deprived Population" is an undeniable fact that has hit billions of inhabitants the planet does not have access to safe and clean energy. Precisely, about 3 billion people in the world do not have access to clean and sustainable energy. From the economic point of view, in case of proper planning and applying the appropriate Business Models, gas supply and demand, while achieving the optimal balance point, will have a more stable status in the long run, despite better cash flow and turnover. On the other hand, a large part of the social, economic and environmental problems which are caused by the abuse of natural resources of energy in various societies; enforces the Gas exporting countries to think and find innovative Business Models to overcome such issues. Undoubtedly, one effective approach that effectively affects the energy exporters on target markets and will able them to develop the market is Entrepreneurial Marketing and its application in new Business Models. In this research, has been attempted based on entrepreneurial approach, innovative and critical attitude at classical marketing (such as 4Ps) for the Gas market, thru applied methods from case studies, online resources, and companies website, by content and cross-sectional analysis have grasped the similarities and differences between selected Business Models. Then based on the overall findings and their comparison, the key features for the Business Models of energy market were presented. Analyzing of the above data has led to introduce the foundations for creating a Business Model to meet the basic needs of a deprived energy community, which will bring prosperity for the target population and open a large and untapped socioeconomic market for the energy exporters. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        19 - (Identify the Factors Which Are Affecting to Exploit the International Entrepereuniral Opportunities in Energy Supply Businesses (Case of Study: National Iranian Gas Company
        amirhooshang karami Seyed Mojtaba Sajjadi Seyedreza Hejazi asgar khademvatani
        International situation of Iran for providing energy sources to other countries, particularly Gas, it requires to pay serious attention for promoting the export supply efficiency of Gas products, and identifying factors which are affecting to exploit the international o More
        International situation of Iran for providing energy sources to other countries, particularly Gas, it requires to pay serious attention for promoting the export supply efficiency of Gas products, and identifying factors which are affecting to exploit the international opportunities for such companies regarding entrepreneurial approach. In this research, we try to find out these factors thru experiences and knowledge of the experts in the international Gas market. This research is qualitative and has been developed by using content analysis technique. The data was collected through open and semi-structured interviews by 15 business owners, top managers and experts of Iranian Liquefied Petroleum (LPG) export companies, which were selected by Snowball sampling method, and analyzed by content analysis encoding. According to results, the effective factors of international entrepreneurial opportunities can be categorized in four main directions: international entrepreneurial attitude, international entrepreneurial innovation and creativity, international entrepreneurial competitive distinction, and international entrepreneurial networking. Each of these four classified factors includes their own categories and subcategories which are addressed in this study. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        20 - -
        Ahmad Reza Bahramian
        -
        - Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        21 - Design and Control of Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter Using the Sliding Mode Control and Energy Feedback
        M. Nayeripour A. Yazdian Varjani M. Mohamadian H. R. mohammadi
        The presence of nonlinear and unbalance loads in a three-phase network causes harmonics generation and dissipation in power network. One of the usual methods used for decreasing and eliminating these effects is the application of active and passive filter. The passive f More
        The presence of nonlinear and unbalance loads in a three-phase network causes harmonics generation and dissipation in power network. One of the usual methods used for decreasing and eliminating these effects is the application of active and passive filter. The passive filter is designed for a particular kind of frequency and therefore eliminates a particular harmonics. Its weakness, however, is the possibility of its resonance with the equivalent network impedance and the large size of its elements. The active filter helps to remove the above problems. Moreover, this filter causes the harmonics to be rejected individually or all together and prohibits the occurrence of resonance with the network. One of the problems of these filters is the limited dynamics response that considers the steady state of harmonics. In this paper, unlike the previous methods on single phase analysis, the inverter used in active filter is analyzed more precisely, i.e., the simultaneous three- phase analysis. The ohmic effect of phase-inductances is also taken into account. The inverter control system makes use of two internal and external loops. The external loop produces suitable signal for on/off switching through sliding mode control. The internal loop utilizes energy feedback to adjust the capacitor voltages. This new method effectively improves the speed of dynamic filter response in comparison with the previously reported methods and is able to quickly compensate harmonics and load unbalancing. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        22 - Sensitivity Based Static Congestion Management in Competitive Electricity Markets
        Mohammad Tabrizian H. Seifi M. K. Sheikh-El-Eslami
        Congestion management is deal with in this paper. The algorithm proposed is based on active and reactive power dispatches of critical nodes, determined from a detailed sensitivity analysis. The electricity market considered is a hybrid model, in which firm transmission More
        Congestion management is deal with in this paper. The algorithm proposed is based on active and reactive power dispatches of critical nodes, determined from a detailed sensitivity analysis. The electricity market considered is a hybrid model, in which firm transmission rights may also be observed. The proposed algorithm is assessed and its capabilities evaluated for a typical test system. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        23 - Balloon Energy Based on Contourlet in Parametric Active Contour for Segmentation of Texture Object in Texture Background
        P. Moallem H. Tahvilian A. Monadjemi
        Object boundaries detection is one of the interesting subjects in computer and image processing. Active contour models are one of the popular methods in object detection and segmentation. This paper presents a new method for segmentation of texture object by means of pa More
        Object boundaries detection is one of the interesting subjects in computer and image processing. Active contour models are one of the popular methods in object detection and segmentation. This paper presents a new method for segmentation of texture object by means of parametric active contour. In this proposed method, by adding a balloon energy to energy function of the parametric active contour model, the detection and segmentation of textured object against textured background would be achieved. In this method, texture feature of contour and object points are calculated by contourlet transform. Then by comparing these features with texture feature of target object, which are available as prior information, movement direction of balloon is defined, whereupon contour curves are expanded or contracted in order to adapt to the target boundaries. Experimental results demonstrate that the active contour based on contourlet (Contourlet-ACM) has higher segmentation accuracy than the active contour based on moment (Moment-ACM) and active contour based on DWHT (DWHT-ACM). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        24 - Economic Evaluation for Independent Network with Inner Control Consist of Distributed Generation
          A. Khandani
        In this paper, four scenarios of energy supply for consumers are compared using the proposed objective function and the most appropriate energy methods have been identified. Four energy scenarios are: energy only by the network, the networks and distributed resources, m More
        In this paper, four scenarios of energy supply for consumers are compared using the proposed objective function and the most appropriate energy methods have been identified. Four energy scenarios are: energy only by the network, the networks and distributed resources, micro-grid systems only and micro grid connected to the upstream network. The objective function for these energy scenarios are calculated and compared for two different load connections, all loads on one feeder and each load on individual feeders. Proposed objective function for each scenario consists of two dimensions, cost and reliability. Cost dimension includes constant cost, current cost and reliability dimension includes non delivered energy for consumers. After conversion into one dimension, the objective function is solved using linear programming. The proposed method in this paper compared with similar methods and these results demonstrate that the method in this paper is more efficient and practical. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        25 - Wideband Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks by Using Improved Energy Detector
        Y. Eghbali M. Ahmadian Attari H. Hassani
        In cognitive radio networks, spectrum sensing is of a great importance in determining spectrum holes. In this paper, the impact of improved energy detector on the wideband spectrum sensing is considered for accurate detection of spectrum holes. For this end, wideband sp More
        In cognitive radio networks, spectrum sensing is of a great importance in determining spectrum holes. In this paper, the impact of improved energy detector on the wideband spectrum sensing is considered for accurate detection of spectrum holes. For this end, wideband spectrum is sub channelized into equal non-overlapping sub-bands. Our main concern is to find the thresholds of the individual sub-bands simultaneously. By formulating the spectrum sensing problem, in terms of convex optimization one, we seek for maximizing the opportunistic aggregate throughput of cognitive users. In numerical simulation section, it is illustrated that using improved energy detector, the opportunistic aggregate throughput is improved significantly. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        26 - Joint Detection of Correlated OFDM Subchannels for Wideband Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks
        B. Rassouli A. Olfat
        In this paper, we consider the wideband spectrum sensing in which primary users use OFDM modulation. Pulse shape of each subchannel is non-ideal which results in the leakage of power among adjacent subchannels. This phenomenon makes the received energy of each subchanne More
        In this paper, we consider the wideband spectrum sensing in which primary users use OFDM modulation. Pulse shape of each subchannel is non-ideal which results in the leakage of power among adjacent subchannels. This phenomenon makes the received energy of each subchannel (test statistic of energy detector) correlated with those of other subchannels. Therefore, in order to jointly detect the state of primary network subchannels, we propose a simple iterative method and we observe its performance improvements in comparison to the disjointed method (in which the detection of each subchannel state is independent of the detection of other s Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        27 - Increment of Distributed Generation Penetration in Distribution Networks Using simultaneous Placement of Distributed Generation Resources and Energy Storage Systems
        N. Biabani M. Ramezani H. Falaghi
        In addition to the great benefits of distributed generation (DG) resources to power systems, there are some disadvantages. In spite of some benefits like decrease of received power from transmission grid, increment of DGs penetration can lead to voltage increase in dist More
        In addition to the great benefits of distributed generation (DG) resources to power systems, there are some disadvantages. In spite of some benefits like decrease of received power from transmission grid, increment of DGs penetration can lead to voltage increase in distribution networks during off peak. Hence the recent efforts have been made to handle problems to increase the penetration of these resources. The use of energy storage systems (ESSs) is one of the ways to prevent defects may arise from use of DGs in power systems and can help to increase penetration of DGs in power systems. ESSs can save energy during off peak and deliver it to the network in peak hours; hence, these equipment can reduce power losses and prevent voltage deviation during off peak by increasing load due to ESS charging. In this paper, first DG allocation and ESS placement are introduced then simultaneous placement of DG and ESS to reduce power losses in the distribution network are described. The proposed models are solved using genetic algorithm as optimization tool. The obtained results show that simultaneous placement could increase DG penetration compared to the separate allocation of these devices and pro Manuscript profile
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        28 - Transmission Switching Considering Ddynamic Constraints in Joint Energy and Spinning Reserve Market
        رحمت اعظمی  
        In this paper a joint energy and reserve market with transmission switching considering dynamic constraints has been proposed to minimize the cost of supplying load, reliability expenses and avoidance of transient instability in line switching. Transmission switching i More
        In this paper a joint energy and reserve market with transmission switching considering dynamic constraints has been proposed to minimize the cost of supplying load, reliability expenses and avoidance of transient instability in line switching. Transmission switching is used during contingencies and steady state to determine optimal required energy and reserve values. To investigate the efficiency of the proposed strategy IEEE 14 bus test is studied. According to the obtained results, this strategy decreases energy and reserve marginal prices, as well as reliability cost. Manuscript profile
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        29 - Distributed Energy Resource Expansion Planning Considering Supporting Policies
        A. Sheikhi Fini M. Parsa-Moghaddam Mohammad Kazem Sheikh El Eslami
        This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for distributed energy resource (DER) expansion planning from investors’ viewpoint based on a combination of dynamic programming algorithm and game theory. In this framework, different aspects of DER planning i.e. their unce More
        This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for distributed energy resource (DER) expansion planning from investors’ viewpoint based on a combination of dynamic programming algorithm and game theory. In this framework, different aspects of DER planning i.e. their uncertainties, risks, pollution, etc. are included. Wind turbines, gas engines and demand response (DR) programs are considered as DERs in this study. The intermittent nature and uncertainty of wind power generation and also uncertainty of demand response programs will cause the investors to consider risk in their investment decisions. In order to overcome this problem, a modified model has been derived to study the regulatory intervention impacts on wind expansion planning and implementing DR programs. Dynamic programming method is utilized for this problem solving and in each step, the Nash equilibrium point is calculated using Cournot model. A model based on intermittent nature of wind power generation and uncertainties of DR programs is developed which can calculate the optimal investment strategies. The effectiveness of the proposed model is proved through implementing on a test system. Manuscript profile
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        30 - PLAER: Penalty Base Learning Automata for Energy Aware Routing in WSN
        M. Parvizi Omran A. Moeni H. Haj Seyyed Javadi
        Sensors in WSN work with batteries that have limited energy capacity. Therefore, reduction in power consumption is a very important issue. In this paper, we present a new routing algorithm to reduce power consumption in wireless sensor networks. This algorithm deploys L More
        Sensors in WSN work with batteries that have limited energy capacity. Therefore, reduction in power consumption is a very important issue. In this paper, we present a new routing algorithm to reduce power consumption in wireless sensor networks. This algorithm deploys Learning automata in each node to find a suitable path for routing data packets. In order to aim this goal the algorithm uses penalty based approach in learning automata and considers energy level of nodes and latency of packet delivery as well. Performance of our new developed algorithm has been compared with LABER and BEAR protocols in OMNET++ simulator. Simulation results show that, in a network with static nodes, energy consumption and control packets reduce significantly and network lifetime increases in comparison with two other protocols. Manuscript profile
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        31 - Design of a CDS Backbone Based Wireless Mesh Network Energy Aware Routing Method for Maximizing Lifetime
        A. Shafaroudi S. V. Azhari
        In many applications, wireless mesh networks work by battery as a power source. In this scenario, routing method has a great impact on the network lifetime. In this research a new backbone based wireless mesh network routing method for maximizing lifetime has been prop More
        In many applications, wireless mesh networks work by battery as a power source. In this scenario, routing method has a great impact on the network lifetime. In this research a new backbone based wireless mesh network routing method for maximizing lifetime has been proposed. This approach is compatible with the features provided by IEEE standard for wireless mesh networks. In this method, backbone routers are selected based on the maximum remaining energy. The proposed algorithm is compared with optimum and shortest path routing methods. Simulation results show acceptable increase in network lifetime in the proposed approach. Manuscript profile
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        32 - Asymptotically Optimal Online Solutions for Energy Harvesting Communication Systems
        M. Mohassel Feghhi A. Abbasfar
        Energy harvesting (EH) has emerged as a promising technique for green communications and it is a novel technique to prolong the lifetime of the wireless networks with replenishable nodes. In this paper, we investigate the online resource allocation for a large class of More
        Energy harvesting (EH) has emerged as a promising technique for green communications and it is a novel technique to prolong the lifetime of the wireless networks with replenishable nodes. In this paper, we investigate the online resource allocation for a large class of objective functions in the EH communication systems, which are asymptotically optimal. It is shown that the solution is obtained by only considering the average EH pattern, irrespective of its stochastic dynamics. This optimal solution neither has the complexity of dynamic programming solutions, nor uses the non-causal knowledge about EH pattern. Also, some practical numerical examples for objective functions, which are utilized in communication systems, are considered and general results are derived for them. Moreover, simulation results validate our theoretical findings and show the accuracy of asymptotic theoretical curves for the transmission periods, which are used in practice. Manuscript profile
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        33 - Sentiment Analysis of Persian Documents using Optimal Transform Domain
        A. Pourmasoumi H. Sadoghi Yazdi H. Ghaemi Z. Delkhasteh
        With development of web-based interactions such as social networks, personal blogs, surveys and user comments, sentiment analysis and opinion mining has become an important research domain in computer science. Up to now, many approaches have been proposed for analysis o More
        With development of web-based interactions such as social networks, personal blogs, surveys and user comments, sentiment analysis and opinion mining has become an important research domain in computer science. Up to now, many approaches have been proposed for analysis of sense using machine learning and natural language processing techniques. In this paper, we used the distribution of words in the collection of documents as new criteria for analyzing sentiment. In proposed approach, we model an optimal transform domain over words distribution with two goals: maximizing spectral energy of class at low frequencies and maximizing spectral energy of at high frequencies. Using optimal transform domain, we can map data from frequency domain into Fourier domain and easily distinguish optimism and pessimism patterns. For this purpose, we use samples’ profiles of class which have low-frequency components. Assuming the contrast of the spectrum of two classes and, maximizing the spectral energy of class will be satisfied. We have performed this approach for English and Persian documents. Manuscript profile
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        34 - Designing an Applicable MIMO DC-DC Converter with Multivariable Controller for SMES System
        M. R. Alizadeh Pahlavani S. Taghipour Broujeni
        In modern power systems, utilization of renewable energy sources makes some difficulties for the power grid. One of these problems is shortage of electrical power during conditions which renewable energy sources cannot generate electrical power. For example, during shad More
        In modern power systems, utilization of renewable energy sources makes some difficulties for the power grid. One of these problems is shortage of electrical power during conditions which renewable energy sources cannot generate electrical power. For example, during shading conditions, the output power of the PV array is negligible. Using SMES (Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage) systems is one of the applicable solutions which has been proposed to solve mentioned problem. In SMES system, energy is stored at high power inductances and during critical conditions; this power can be delivered to the load. One of the important parts of SMES systems is Multi input - Multi Output (MIMO) DC-DC converter. In this paper, at first step, one topology has been designed for the MIMO DC-DC converter. This topology has remarkable advantages such as fewer electrical elements and better controllability than other topologies. In the second part of this paper, based on multivariable controller strategy, an efficient controller has been designed for the SMES system which can set the output voltages of DC-DC converter at predetermined values. The most important feature of proposed controller is its efficiency at different conditions which some of these conditions make serious problems for conventional controllers. Generally, the objective of this paper is designing one SMES systems with an appropriate controller, which can regulate the output voltages at different conditions. Manuscript profile
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        35 - Determination of Private DG Energy Sourced Electricity Purchasing Price by DISCOs with Considering the Capacitor Placement and ENS Costs
        B. Rezaei M. S. Ghazizadeh V. Vahidinasab
        After the restructuring and privatization of the electricity industry, the main purpose of the DISCOs is to increase their income, according to the existing laws. The existence of private distributed generation (DG) units in the distribution network and the possibility More
        After the restructuring and privatization of the electricity industry, the main purpose of the DISCOs is to increase their income, according to the existing laws. The existence of private distributed generation (DG) units in the distribution network and the possibility to buy additional electricity of DG with a less price than the wholesale market, capacitor installation, payment of energy not supplied to customers, the cost of energy losses and voltage drop problem in the distribution network, has created opportunities and challenges for DISCOs that are looking for adopting a suitable strategy for higher profits. In this paper, as the first scenario, it is depicted that when there is no DG unit in the network the increasing in the DISCO’s income is achievable by optimal allocation of both fixed and switched capacitors. In the second scenario, this is done by determination of the maximum acceptable DG energy sourced electricity purchasing price with a known location, and in the third one, by determination of the purchase price from the DG while the locating has been done by the DISCO. Simulation studies are done on a 20kV 18-bus distribution network in Rasht city, and the results are presented at the end. Manuscript profile
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        36 - Optimal Operation of Energy Hub Using Model Predictive Control
        Z. Hashemi A.  Ramezani M. Parsa-Moghaddam
        Energy hub (EH) concept is widely proposed for integrating different types of energy infrastructures. EH physically consists of some storage systems and converters receiving energy from multiple sources immediately from its upper grids and provides energy services for u More
        Energy hub (EH) concept is widely proposed for integrating different types of energy infrastructures. EH physically consists of some storage systems and converters receiving energy from multiple sources immediately from its upper grids and provides energy services for ultimate consumers. In this paper a state space model for EH system is proposed. Due to the dynamic behavior loads and the price uncertainties, a Model Predictive Control approach is suggested for optimal performance. The proposed method is studied on a EH that consists of transformer, boiler, CHP, electrical and heat storages considering demand side management. Finally, the simulation results depicts to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for optimal operation of the EH. Manuscript profile
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        37 - Optimal Economic Scheduling of Islanding Microgrid Considering Renewable Energy Sources (Wind Turbine and Photovoltaic System), Battery and Hydrogen Storage System in the Presence of the Demand Response Program
        A. Mehdizadeh N. Taghizadegan
        Microgrid (MG) supplied its local load with distributed energy resources at the low voltage system in distribution networks. Microgrid can be used in parts that are not allowed access to the electricity network with low investment cost. The used islanding MG in this res More
        Microgrid (MG) supplied its local load with distributed energy resources at the low voltage system in distribution networks. Microgrid can be used in parts that are not allowed access to the electricity network with low investment cost. The used islanding MG in this research includes wind turbine and photovoltaic systems as renewable energy sources and hydrogen storage system (HSS). This paper proposes a new energy management strategy (EMS) for MG in the presence of the HSS considering the power uncertainties of renewable energy sources. The objective of proposed EMS is to minimize the operating costs of batteries, HSS and the costs associated with excess and undelivered energy considering the supplied load constraints. The considered technical constraints in this paper contain renewable energy sources limits and battery and HSS constraints. HSS includes electrolyzer (EL), hydrogen tanks and fuel cell (FC). Demand response program (DRP) is used to flat the load curve and optimal operation of MG. The proposed model on a MG is been implemented in GAMS software. The simulation results show that the operation cost of MG reduced by using of HSS and DRP. Manuscript profile
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        38 - Optimal Sitting and Sizing of Renewable Energy Sources and Charging Stations Simultaneously Based on Improved GA-PSO Algorithm
          M.  Rezaei Mozafar M.  Rezaei Mozafar
        Due to the stochastic nature of renewable energy sources (RES) and electric vehicles (EV) load demand, large scale penetration of these resources in the power systems can stress the reliable network performance, such as reducing power quality, increasing power losses, a More
        Due to the stochastic nature of renewable energy sources (RES) and electric vehicles (EV) load demand, large scale penetration of these resources in the power systems can stress the reliable network performance, such as reducing power quality, increasing power losses, and voltage deviations. These challenges must be minimized by optimal planning based on the variable output from RES to meet the additional demand caused by EV charging. In this paper, a novel method for optimal locating and sizing of RES and EV charging stations simultaneously and managing vehicle charging process is provided. A multi-objective optimization problem is formulated to obtain objective variables in order to reduce power losses, voltage fluctuations, charging and demand supplying costs, and EV battery cost. In this optimization problem, the location and capacity of RES and EV charging stations are the objective variables. Coefficients which are dependent on wind speed, solar radiation, and hourly peak demand ratio for the management of the EV charging pattern in low load hours are introduced. GA-PSO hybrid improved optimization algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem in five different scenarios. The performance of the proposed method on IEEE 33-bus system has been investigated to validate the effectiveness of the novel GA-PSO method to optimal sitting and sizing of RES and EV charging stations simultaneously Manuscript profile
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        39 - Next Hop Selection to Configuring the Route in LEAP Protocol Based on Fuzzy Logic in WSNs
        Vahid Sattari-Naeini F. Movahhedi
        Since in wireless sensor networks, selection of next hop is critical in attack avoidance and lowering the power consumption, a method based on fuzzy logic is proposed in this paper considering status and report transmission of the nodes. In this method, the next hop is More
        Since in wireless sensor networks, selection of next hop is critical in attack avoidance and lowering the power consumption, a method based on fuzzy logic is proposed in this paper considering status and report transmission of the nodes. In this method, the next hop is selected considering four factors, based on fuzzy logic system. These factors, indicating four optimized parameters; i.e., degree of node proximity to the shortest path, degree of node proximity to the sink, residual energy ratio of each node, and the number of false filtered messages. This method leads to an increase in energy level as well as maintaining security level in comparison with LEAP protocol. Meanwhile, it is possible to identify safe paths. Comparing with other related methods, it is shown that this method leads to significant reduction in energy consumption level and consequently the life-time of the network is increased. Meanwhile with selecting the appropriate next hop, packet drops are reduced as well. Manuscript profile
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        40 - Optimal Operation of AC Microgrid in the Presence of Plug-in Electric Vehicles under Demand Side Managemen
        A. Mehdizadeh N. Taghizadegan J. Salehi
        In the recent years, integrations of renewable energy sources as well as plug-in electric vehicles are increased in the AC microgrid. Also, demand side management can be used to manage peak load in order to improve optimal performance of AC microgrid. Therefore, this pa More
        In the recent years, integrations of renewable energy sources as well as plug-in electric vehicles are increased in the AC microgrid. Also, demand side management can be used to manage peak load in order to improve optimal performance of AC microgrid. Therefore, this paper proposes optimal operation of AC microgrid in the presence of plug-in electric vehicles under demand side management. The proposed model describes optimal operation of microgrid including the exchange power with the upstream grid, the production of DG units including wind turbines, battery storage, diesel generators, charging and discharging of electric vehicles and the manner of participation of large industrial consumers and aggregators of small consumers in demand side management that minimize the operation cost of microgrid. The proposed formulation is considered the mathematical model of various energy sources in a microgrid and the AC load flow constraints and the bus voltage and feeder current limitations has been considered.In the proposed model, charge and discharge management of plug-in electric vehicles and demand side management are simultaneously proposed to reduce operation cost of AC microgrid subject to technical and economic constraints. A 33-bus microgrid is used as test system in order to investigate effects of plug-in electric vehicles and demand side management on optimal operation of AC microgrid. The proposed model is formulated via mixed-integer non-linear programming which is solved using CPLEX solver under GAMS optimization software. Manuscript profile
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        41 - Introducing a Fog-Based Algorithm for Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks
        E. Mirzavand Borujeni D. Rahbari M. Nickray
        Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of thousands of small nodes. The small and inexpensive parts of these nodes have led to their widespread use in various fields. However, these networks have constraints on energy consumption, processing resources, and storage whic More
        Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of thousands of small nodes. The small and inexpensive parts of these nodes have led to their widespread use in various fields. However, these networks have constraints on energy consumption, processing resources, and storage which have caused many studies to find solutions to reduce these constraints. In recent years, with the advent of the concept of Fog computing, many new and effective solutions are represented for routing in wireless sensor networks. Since in WSNs it is important to save alive nodes and reduce the energy consumption of nodes, fog computing is useful for this purpose. In most WSN routing protocols, the best way to send data to cluster heads and the base station is the major part of their studies. In the new protocols, the Fog computing have been used to find the best way. In these methods, we have seen decreasing energy consumption and increasing network lifetime. In this paper, we represent a fog-based algorithm for routing in WSNs. According to the simulation results, the proposed protocol improved energy consumption by 9% meanwhile the number of alive nodes is increased by 74%, compared to the reviewed method. Manuscript profile
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        42 - A Method to Get WSN Nodes Data by Web Clients through IoT Gateway Based on CoAP Protocol
        M. R. Nikseresht H. Haj Seyyed Javadi Mahdi Mollamotalebi
        The advancement of technology in the area of wireless sensor networks and the ability to use the Internet Protocol in small objects with limited resources (such as sensors) has changed the Internet landscape. How to communicate and how to exchange information is one of More
        The advancement of technology in the area of wireless sensor networks and the ability to use the Internet Protocol in small objects with limited resources (such as sensors) has changed the Internet landscape. How to communicate and how to exchange information is one of the challenges of the Internet world of things. 6LoWPAN and CoAP standards for using web protocols in low-loss and low-power sensor networks (LLNs) are presented. The 6LoWPAN / CoAP protocol stack allows access to the sensor network through web protocols. This will facilitate the development of applications on the sensor network and access to them by the Internet. Each layer stack of the 6LoWPAN / CoAP protocol imposes overhead on interchange messages, and data overload in multichannel networks exacerbates energy consumption. In this paper, a method for reducing the overhead imposed on small and medium packets in multi-step networks based on 6LoWPAN / CoAP is presented using the scheduling and aggregation of CoAP packets on sensor nodes. In order to achieve the research objectives, measures such as the classification of CoAP requests / responses in terms of network priority (maximum allowed delay detection), scheduling and aggregation of incoming messages on sensor nodes (based on the maximum allowed delay of each), and opening messages aggregated in the destination , It has been done. The evaluation results of the proposed method indicate a reduction of energy consumption and network traffic for applications such as monitoring, in multi-step networks based on the 6LoWPAN/ CoAP protocol stack. Manuscript profile
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        43 - Sustainable Tree-Based Scheduling in Solar Powered Wireless Mesh Networks
        H. Barghi S. V. Azhari
        In many applications of wireless mesh networks, due to the lack of access to a permanent source of energy and the use of battery and energy harvesting equipment, energy sustainable design is very important. Duty-cycle adjustment, putting the node into sleep mode in some More
        In many applications of wireless mesh networks, due to the lack of access to a permanent source of energy and the use of battery and energy harvesting equipment, energy sustainable design is very important. Duty-cycle adjustment, putting the node into sleep mode in some parts of the working period, is a method for energy saving and sustainability assurance. In this case, to exchange data between neighboring nodes, protocols for sleep scheduling are needed. In some applications of these networks, such as video surveillance applications, it is necessary to collect data from different parts of the network. Tree topology is a good option for these applications. A simple method for coordinating sleep in a tree topology is the TIME-SPLIT algorithm, at which the working time of each node is evenly divided among its children. The proposed TIME-SPLIT scheduling algorithm does not consider the node energy limitations. In this paper, we have added the nodes duty-cycle constraint in the TIME-SPLIT algorithm to guarantee energy sustainability in tree-based wireless mesh networks. In situations where the energy status of the children is different, equal division of time leads to network inefficiency. To improve network efficiency and throughput, we provide two scheduling algorithms that take into account the conditions of the children's energy and traffic. In the first proposed algorithm, the time division is performed in relation to the duty-cycle of the children of each node. In the second algorithm, the time division is dynamically and in proportion to the traffic of the children, and the connection acceptance is more precisely performed based on its energy consumption during its lifespan. The simulation results performed by the NS3 network simulator show that in energy and tree structure imbalance conditions, where children of a node have different energy or sub tree, the proposed methods significantly (more than about 60%) increase the network’s total delivered traffic. Manuscript profile
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        44 - Energy-Aware Scheduling for Real-Time Unicore Mixed-Criticality Systems
        S. H. Sadeghzadeh yasser sedaghat
        Integrated modular avionics (IMA) has significantly evolved avionic industry. In this architecture, tasks with different criticality have been integrated into a share hardware in order to reduce the size, weight, power consumption and cost so they commonly use the resou More
        Integrated modular avionics (IMA) has significantly evolved avionic industry. In this architecture, tasks with different criticality have been integrated into a share hardware in order to reduce the size, weight, power consumption and cost so they commonly use the resources. The industry’s interest in integrating tasks has resulted in introducing mixed-criticality systems. Real time and assurance of executing critical tasks are considered of the two basic needs for these kinds of systems. However, integration of critical and non-critical tasks makes some problems for scheduling executing tasks. On the other hand, reducing energy consumption is another important need as these devices run by batteries. Therefore, the present study aims at satisfying the above mentions needs (real time scheduling and reducing energy consumption) by introducing an innovative energy- aware scheduling approach. The proposed algorithm guarantees executing critical tasks as well as reducing energy consumption by dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS). The results of simulation showed that energy consumption of the proposed algorithm improved up to 14% in comparison with the similar approaches. Manuscript profile
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        45 - Priority-Based Task Scheduling Using Fuzzy System in Mobile Edge Computing
        Entesar Hosseini Mohsen Nickray SH. GH.
        Mobile edge computing (MEC) are new issues to improve latency, capacity and available resources in Mobile cloud computing (MCC). Mobile resources, including battery and CPU, have limited capacity. So enabling computation-intensive and latency-critical applications are i More
        Mobile edge computing (MEC) are new issues to improve latency, capacity and available resources in Mobile cloud computing (MCC). Mobile resources, including battery and CPU, have limited capacity. So enabling computation-intensive and latency-critical applications are important issue in MEC. In this paper, we use a standard three-level system model of mobile devices, edge and cloud, and propose two offloading and scheduling algorithms. A decision-making algorithm for offloading tasks is based on the greedy Knapsack offloading algorithm (GKOA) on the mobile device side, which selects tasks with high power consumption for offloading and it saves energy consumption of the device. On the MEC side, we also present a dynamic scheduling algorithm with fuzzy-based priority task scheduling (FPTS) for prioritizing and scheduling tasks based on two criteria. Numerical results show that our proposed work compared to other methods and reduces the waiting time, latency and system overhead. Also, provides the balance of the system with the least number of resources. And the proposed system reduces battery consumption in the smart device by up to 90%. The results show that more than 92% of tasks are executed successfully in the edge environment. Manuscript profile
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        46 - Design of a Fully Integrated Low Voltage, High Efficiency Capacitive, DC-DC Converter for Energy Harvesting Applications
        A. Hassanzadeh F. Alirezaei
        In this paper, a low voltage boost DC-DC converter has been presented. The circuit can be used for increasing the output voltage of miniature low voltage generators such as TEG, solar and piezoelectric. The converter is fully integrated and works with low voltages as lo More
        In this paper, a low voltage boost DC-DC converter has been presented. The circuit can be used for increasing the output voltage of miniature low voltage generators such as TEG, solar and piezoelectric. The converter is fully integrated and works with low voltages as low as 200 mV, and the output voltage can reach 1 V. Body biasing has been used to handle low input voltages. The output power density is 50 µW/mm2, and the converter uses 5 cross coupled stages with 76% efficiency. The maximum total efficiency of the converter for 6 µA load is 52%. The converter uses 0.2 mm2 of chip area using 90 nm technology. Manuscript profile
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        47 - Wireless Powered Communication System Design with Nonlinear Energy Harvester
        مهرنوش  میرحاج مریم مسجدی محمدفرزان صباحی
        In this paper, a wireless powered communication network (WPCN) is considered, in which the hybrid access point (HAP) and the users are equipped with multiple antennas.In the downlink phase, an energy HAP transfers the energy signal to the users and in the uplink phase, More
        In this paper, a wireless powered communication network (WPCN) is considered, in which the hybrid access point (HAP) and the users are equipped with multiple antennas.In the downlink phase, an energy HAP transfers the energy signal to the users and in the uplink phase, users apply the harvested energy to transfer their information to the HAP using spatial division multiple access (SDMA) technology. By considering the nonlinear behavior of energy harvester in system design and aiming to maximize the sum of the rates, we propose an optimal method for designing energy pre-coding matrices, user information pre-coding matrices, and time devoted to the downlink and uplink phases. For this purpose, we rewrite the problem as a convex optimization problem by appropriate change of variables and propose a method to solve it. The simulation results show that in practical scenarios, employing the nonlinear energy harvesting model in the system design could reduce the transmitted energy, increase and the sum rate of the users. Manuscript profile
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        48 - Optimal Allocation of Battery Energy Storage in Distribution Network for Maximum Profitability
        mohammad rasol jannesar mohsen kalantar A. R. Sedighi
        In this paper, the optimal allocation of battery energy storage in the distribution network is performed for peak shaving and maximizing profitability. To this end, indicator shave been introduced using hourly load information, feeder upgrade cost and electricity sales More
        In this paper, the optimal allocation of battery energy storage in the distribution network is performed for peak shaving and maximizing profitability. To this end, indicator shave been introduced using hourly load information, feeder upgrade cost and electricity sales price to various tariffs. Then, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the indicators are weighted and a suitable feeder is indicated for installing energy storage. Then, to achieve the maximum possible peak shaving and maximize profit, an economic objective function is defined to determine the optimal sizing and charge-discharge of the energy storage. The objective function includes the investment and operating cost of battery energy storage and the profits of energy arbitrage, deferring facility investment, environmental issues, and reducing the upstream access cost. Appropriate constraints are considered according to the peak shaving, range of battery power and energy capacity as well as balance in the amount of charge and discharge. Due to the nonlinearity of the objective function, the components involved in the nonlinearity of the objective function are determined according to the heuristic algorithms (Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), and Tabu Search (TS)) and then the objective function is solved by the Interior-point linear programming. The results provide the most suitable battery type and optimization method among the introduced batteries and methods while fulfilling the objectives. Manuscript profile
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        49 - Green Cloud Computing with Reduced Energy Consumption in Live Migration Prioritizing Services
        Mohammad Rostami Salman Goli
        Today, the rapid growth in cloud computing resources usage has increased energy consumption in data centers. Green cloud computing goal is to decrease the energy consumption of data centers. In the meantime, service aggregation is a good method to reduce energy consumpt More
        Today, the rapid growth in cloud computing resources usage has increased energy consumption in data centers. Green cloud computing goal is to decrease the energy consumption of data centers. In the meantime, service aggregation is a good method to reduce energy consumption in these systems. Existing aggregation methods with unnecessary migration, the unbalanced workload of hosts, and ignoring the relationship between services may reduce the quality of service and increase energy consumption. Therefore, in this study, by migrating the necessary services based on priority (including the number of children, the level and communication cost of each service), from hosts with the unbalanced workload to hosts that contain partner services, the productivity of available resources is improved and the energy consumption is decreased. Live services migration based on prioritizing and minimizing the number of migrations can also lead to response time decrease and system efficiency increase. The proposed method can lead to an 11.79% decrease in energy consumption, a 12.15% reduction in the number of service migrations, and a 1.55% increase in the number of hosts that have been shut down. Manuscript profile
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        50 - New Structure of Wind-PV Farm with Improved Performance under Voltage and Frequency Fault Conditions
        Mehrdad Tarafdar Hagh Farshid Najaty Mazgar  
        In this paper a new structure for wind – PV farm is proposed. The PV arrays and DC loads are capable to connect to the proposed structure. In the proposed structure each DFIG wind turbine is connected to the AC grid through its stator windings and has a connection to a More
        In this paper a new structure for wind – PV farm is proposed. The PV arrays and DC loads are capable to connect to the proposed structure. In the proposed structure each DFIG wind turbine is connected to the AC grid through its stator windings and has a connection to a common DC link via its rotor side converters. The proposed structure uses a high power grid side converter and an energy storage system for entire wind – PV farm. The converter power loss decrease and lifetime increase of power switches are some advantages of the proposed structure under normal operation conditions. The proposed structure with the coordinated power control of DFIG wind turbines, the ESS and PV arrays improves the low voltage ride-through capability under-voltage fault conditions and enhances the frequency response of the wind farm under frequency faults. The proposed structure is simulated in MATLAB/ Simulink software and the results are presented. Furthermore, an experimental setup is provided to test the operation of the proposed structure. Manuscript profile
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        51 - Energy Efficiency in Secrecy Multi-Antenna Two-Way Relay Networks
        F. B. soroush akhlaghi
        paper investigates the energy-efficiency in secrecy two-way relay networks. It is assumed that in the presence of several multi-antenna amplify-and-forward relays and a single eavesdropper, two single-antenna users exchange their confidential messages during two hops. I More
        paper investigates the energy-efficiency in secrecy two-way relay networks. It is assumed that in the presence of several multi-antenna amplify-and-forward relays and a single eavesdropper, two single-antenna users exchange their confidential messages during two hops. In the first hop, both users send their messages to the relay nodes and during the second hop, the relays send the received signal to the users by using the beamforming matrix, to minimize the received information by the eavesdropper .In this way, using two beamforming strategies, named as Null-Space Beamforming (NSBF) and Information Leakage Alignment Beamforming (ILABF), the secrecy energy efficiency that is the ratio of total secrecy sum-rate to the total power consumption of the network is calculated. It is shown that the aforementioned problem is non-convex so it will be converted to the convex form, using the Semi-Definite Relaxation (SDR). This problem has not closed-form and is solved using the interior point method.In numerical results, it is observed that by using the information leakage alignment beamforming (ILABF) method, energy efficiency is allocated more value than the null-space beamforming (NSBF) approach that was used in previous studies. Manuscript profile
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        52 - Proposing a Novel Write Circuit to Reduce Energy and Delay of Writing Operations in STT-MRAM Memories Using the Temperature Method
        امیرمحمد حاجی صادقی حمیدرضا زرندی Sh. Jalilian
        With the advancement of technology and the shrinking dimensions of transistors in CMOS technology, several challenges have arisen. One of the main concerns in using CMOS-based memory is the high power consumption of this type of memory. Therefore, new and non-volatile m More
        With the advancement of technology and the shrinking dimensions of transistors in CMOS technology, several challenges have arisen. One of the main concerns in using CMOS-based memory is the high power consumption of this type of memory. Therefore, new and non-volatile memories were introduced to address the shortcomings of conventional volatile memory. One of the emerging non-volatile technologies is STT-MRAM memory, an effective and efficient alternative to conventional memory such as SRAMs due to low leakage power, high density, and short access time. The positive features of STT-MRAMs make it possible to use them at different memory hierarchy levels, especially the cache level. However, STT-MRAMs suffer from high write energy. In this paper, we present a new write circuit using the temperature method; in addition to improving the high write energy, write delay is also improved. The proposed circuit lead to 22.5% and 18.62% improvement in energy and writing delay, respectively, compared to the existing methods. Manuscript profile
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        53 - Non-Isolated DC / DC Converter with High Voltage Gain and Appropriate Efficiency in High Transfer Power with New Soft Switching Structure
        Omid sharifiyana majid dehghani Ghazanfar Shahgholian S.M. Mehdi Mirtalaei Masoud Jabbari
        One of the main limitations of using renewable energies for electricity generation is the low output voltage of power plants with renewable energies. Therefore, the design of a converter with higher gain voltage and higher efficiency is important in the use of renewable More
        One of the main limitations of using renewable energies for electricity generation is the low output voltage of power plants with renewable energies. Therefore, the design of a converter with higher gain voltage and higher efficiency is important in the use of renewable energies. In this paper, a new topology that simultaneously has the structure of a boost converter can minimize switching losses by conventional soft switching methods and is also able to reduce voltage stress on diodes and switches Keep to an acceptable level. A simple boost converter can Increase the output voltage significantly by adding a parallel branch by generating a series resonance and enables zero voltage switching at the same time. Suggested converter without adding active element to converter with simple non-isolated structure at 500 watts and 385 volts it has a voltage gain factor of about 10.8 and efficiency of over 93%. The results show the performance simulation of the proposed converter for different performance modes. Manuscript profile
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        54 - Performance Improvement of Polynomial Neural Network Classifier using Whale Optimization Algorithm
        Mahsa Memari A. Harifi a. Khalili
        Polynomial neural network (PNN) is a supervised learning algorithm which is one of the most popular models used in real applications. The architectural complexity of polynomial neural network in terms of both number of partial descriptions (PDs) and number of layers, le More
        Polynomial neural network (PNN) is a supervised learning algorithm which is one of the most popular models used in real applications. The architectural complexity of polynomial neural network in terms of both number of partial descriptions (PDs) and number of layers, leads to more computation time and more storage space requirement. In general, it can be said that the architecture of the polynomial neural networks is very complex and it requires large memory and computation time. In this research, a novel approach has been proposed to improve the classification performance of a polynomial neural network using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (PNN-WOA). In this approach, the PDs are generated at the first layer based on the combination of two features. The second layer nodes consists of PDs generated in the first layer, input variables and bias. Finally, the polynomial neural network output is obtained by sum of weighted values of the second layer outputs. Using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), the best vector of weighting coefficients will be obtained in such a way that the PNN network reach to the highest classification accuracy. Eleven different dataset from UCI database has been used as input data of proposed PNN-WOA and the results has been presented. The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches such as PNN-RCGA, PNN-MOPPSO, RCPNN-PSO and S-TWSVM in most cases. For datasets, an improvement of accuracy between 0.18% and 10.33% can be seen. Also, the results of the Friedman test indicate the statistical superiority of the proposed PNN-WOA model compared to other methods with p value of 0.039. Manuscript profile
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        55 - A Semi-Central Method to Improve Energy Saving in Real Wireless Sensor Networks Using Clustering and Mobile Sinks
        Fatemeh Sadeghi Sepideh Adabi Sahar Adabi
        Applying a hierarchical routing approach based on clustering technique and mobile sink has a great impact on reducing energy consumption in WSN. Two important issues in designing such an approach are cluster head selection and optimal allocation of mobile sinks to criti More
        Applying a hierarchical routing approach based on clustering technique and mobile sink has a great impact on reducing energy consumption in WSN. Two important issues in designing such an approach are cluster head selection and optimal allocation of mobile sinks to critical regions (i.e., regions those have low remaining energy and thus, high risk of energy hole problem). The limited number of mobile sinks should be utilized due to a high cost. Therefore, allocating the limited number of mobile sinks to the high amount of requests received from the critical regions is categorized as a NP-hard problem. Most of the previous studies address this problem by using heuristic methods which are carried out by sensor nodes. However, this type of solutions cannot be implemented in real WSN due to the sensors’ current technology and their limited processing capability. In other words, these are just theoretical solutions. Consequently, a semi-central genetic algorithm based method using mobile sink and clustering technique is proposed in order to find a trade-off between reduction of computation load on the sensors and increasing accuracy. In our method, lightweight computations are separated from heavyweight computations. While, the former computations are carried out by sensors, the latter are carried out by base station. Following activities are done by the authors: 1) cluster head selection by using effective environmental parameters and defining cost function of cluster membership, 2) mathematical modeling of a region’s chance to achieve mobile sink, and 3) designing a fitness function to evaluate the fitness of each allocation of mobile sinks to the critical regions in genetic algorithm. Furthermore, in our activities minimizing the number and length of messages are focused. In summary, the main distinguishing feature of the proposed method is that it can be implemented in real WSN (due to separation of lightweight computations from heavyweight computations) with respect to early mentioned objectives. The simulation results show the better performance of the proposed method compared to comparison bases. Manuscript profile
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        56 - Reliable and Energy Efficient Deployment Optimization of Internet of Things Applications in Cloud and Fog Infrastructure by Using Cuckoo Search Algorithm
        Yaser Ramzanpoor میرسعید حسینی شیروانی
        Deployment applications of internet of things (IoT) in fog infrastructure as cloud complementary leads effectively computing resource saving in cloud infrastructure. Recent research efforts are investigating on how to better exploit fog capabilities for execution and su More
        Deployment applications of internet of things (IoT) in fog infrastructure as cloud complementary leads effectively computing resource saving in cloud infrastructure. Recent research efforts are investigating on how to better exploit fog capabilities for execution and supporting IoT applications. Also, the distribution of an application’s components on the possible minimum number of fog nodes for the sake of reduction in power consumption leads degradation of the service reliability level. In this paper, a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm based on cuckoo search algorithm is presented for static deployment the components of IoT applications on fog infrastructure in the aim of trade-off between efficient power usage, reduction in the effect of one point of failure and boosting the application reliability against failure. The results of simulations show that the proposed approach in this paper reduces the power consumption of fog network and meets the quality of service requirement of IoT application with the high reliability level. Manuscript profile
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        57 - Provide an Energy-aware Markov Based Model for Dynamic Placement of Virtual Machines in Cloud Data Centers
        mehdi rajabzadeh Abolfazl Toroghi Haghighat Amir Masoud Rahmani
        The use of energy-conscious solutions is one of the important research topics in the field of cloud computing. By effectively using virtual machine placement and aggregation algorithms, cloud suppliers will be able to reduce energy consumption. In this paper, a new mode More
        The use of energy-conscious solutions is one of the important research topics in the field of cloud computing. By effectively using virtual machine placement and aggregation algorithms, cloud suppliers will be able to reduce energy consumption. In this paper, a new model is presented that seeks to achieve the desired results by improving the algorithms and providing appropriate methods. Periodic monitoring of resource status, proper analysis of the data obtained, and prediction of the critical state of the servers using the proposed Markov model have reduced the number of unnecessary migrations as much as possible. The combination of genetic algorithm and simulated annealing in the replacement section along with the definition of the adsorbent Markov chain has resulted in better and faster performance of the proposed algorithm. Simulations performed in different scenarios in CloudSim show that compared to the best algorithm compared, at low, medium and high load, energy consumption has decreased significantly. Violations of service level agreements also fell by an average of 17 percent. Manuscript profile
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        58 - A Two-Step Stochastic Linear Programming Approach for Microgrid Resources and Energy Storage Management with Real-Time Pricing Program Using Salp Swarm Optimization Algorithm
        Mohsen  Sarami مجيد  معظمي غضنفر شاهقلیان
        Integrating renewable resources to provide local load has created a concept called microgrid. With the widespread introduction of microgrids, energy management and system utilization and resources in the electricity market are important tasks of microgrid management. In More
        Integrating renewable resources to provide local load has created a concept called microgrid. With the widespread introduction of microgrids, energy management and system utilization and resources in the electricity market are important tasks of microgrid management. In this paper, the problem of microgrid utilization is modeled taking into account economic, technical and uncertainties related to power consumption, wind speed and solar radiation in electricity market conditions. One of the most important issues in the electricity market is the discussion of the participation of units in real price conditions. In this paper, a framework for the exploitation of electricity and the consumption of controllable loads through integrated utilization of distributed energy sources of uncertainty is presented from a consumer perspective. The optimization problem is a two-step stochastic linear programming that minimized the cost of microgrid operation and expected cost of consumers considering the consumer’s requirement for controllable loads in the desire time interval and distribution company constraints that solved by using Salp swarm optimization algorithm. RBT and IBR tariffs are employed for modeling retail power market for better reflection of wholesale price volatility and avoid of the concurrent use of consumers. In this method price announced to the consumers by retailers only is limited specific later hours instead of the entire operation period. In this condition any timing of controllable loads need to price forecasting, while this forecasting have some uncertainties. These uncertainties are modeled using Monte Carlo method for stochastic price variable scenario generation. MATLAB software is employed for simulation and verification of the proposed method. Manuscript profile
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        59 - Robust Planning of False Data Injection Attack on Electricity Markets in Smart Grids
        Hamed Badrsimaei R. Hooshmand Soghra  Nobakhtian
        False data injection attack (FDIA) is a destructive cyber threat to the economic performance of electricity markets in smart grids. A cyber attacker can make a huge financial profit by implementing an FDIA through penetrating the virtual transactions of the electricity More
        False data injection attack (FDIA) is a destructive cyber threat to the economic performance of electricity markets in smart grids. A cyber attacker can make a huge financial profit by implementing an FDIA through penetrating the virtual transactions of the electricity markets and manipulating electricity prices. In this paper, a new approach to planning an absolutely stealthily FDIA is presented with the aim of achieving maximum financial profit from the perspective of a cyber attacker participating in virtual transactions from two markets of day-ahead (DA) and real-time (RT). A common hypothesis in studies of FDIAs against electricity markets is that the attacker has complete information about the smart grid. But the fact is that the attacker has limited resources and can hardly access all the network information. This paper proposes a robust approach in designing an attack strategy under incomplete network information conditions. In particular, it is assumed that the attacker has uncertainties about the network modeling matrices. The validity of the proposed method is evaluated based on the IEEE 14-bus standard system using the Matpower tool. Numerical results confirm the relative success of the proposed attack in cases of varying degrees of incomplete information. Manuscript profile
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        60 - Finding the Cause of Metal Oxide Surge Arresters' Failures in Mountainous Areas of Khuzestan Province; Engineering Experiences of Analyzing Field Results in a Very Large 33 kV Network
        Elaheh Mashhour Seyed Hamidreza Alemohammad
        This paper presents the findings of a practical study to detect the degradation factors of metal-oxide surge arresters in a distribution network in the mountainous region of Izeh, which experiences two warm and temperate climates annually. The surge arresters have defec More
        This paper presents the findings of a practical study to detect the degradation factors of metal-oxide surge arresters in a distribution network in the mountainous region of Izeh, which experiences two warm and temperate climates annually. The surge arresters have defected in both periods when the network operating conditions and weather conditions are completely different. However, the appearance of the defected surge arresters in these periods is different. In this paper, by simulating the network, its permanent and transient state behaviors are analyzed. Based on the results and environmental conditions, the appropriate arresters' specifications for the network are obtained and compared with existing arresters. By considering different scenarios for ground resistance of arresters, the changes in energy absorbed by arresters are evaluated and the results are compared with those obtained in the practical reduction of ground resistance of some of arresters. By adding several arresters to the network, changes in the absorbed energy of arresters are investigated. Based on the research findings, the causes of arresters' failures in both warm and temperate periods are investigated. Finally, the findings of this research are validated by comparing the simulation results with field events, and some solutions are presented to overcome the problems. Manuscript profile
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        61 - Regional Power-Aware Routing for Partially-Connected 3D Network-on-Chip
        Mitra Moalemnia HadiShahriar Shahhoseini
        Network-on-chip provides an efficient communication platform for Systems-on-chip. The static power consumption is an important issue in these networks. Switching the power supply on virtual channels during idle time is a common method for reducing the network power cons More
        Network-on-chip provides an efficient communication platform for Systems-on-chip. The static power consumption is an important issue in these networks. Switching the power supply on virtual channels during idle time is a common method for reducing the network power consumption. The traffic load at the network level and non-continuous idle period of virtual channel have caused the sources to be switched on and off continuously, which leads to increase in power consumption and other overheads. This will be more important, in partially connected 3D chip networks in which a limited number of vertical connections has been used. In this paper, a routing algorithm is proposed who employs an appropriate policy for packet distribution, and reduces the load distribution in the network and creates a continuous idle time for the resources, result in suitable power management in the network. In this routing scheme the network is divided to north and south region and some restriction applied in usage of elevators in each region and try to increase the utilization of the used resources as well as the ideal time of low traffic paths. The simulation results, derived by BookSim, show the proposed method improve the network power consumption by 18% to 30% comparing previous algorithms, and the network delay has been reduced by 32%. Manuscript profile
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        62 - Energy Management of Micro-Grids and Their Harmonic Compensation Through Shunt Active Filter Based on Multi-Agent Systems
        Mohammad-Reza Salehi Rad Mohammad Mollaie Emamzadeh
        In this paper, a new energy management strategy is presented by using shunt active power filter (SAPF) in a multi-agent structure. This strategy is applied to a micro-grid connected to the grid and includes the problem of harmonic compensation. By examining the advantag More
        In this paper, a new energy management strategy is presented by using shunt active power filter (SAPF) in a multi-agent structure. This strategy is applied to a micro-grid connected to the grid and includes the problem of harmonic compensation. By examining the advantages and disadvantages of shunt active power filters and passive filters, as well as their efficiency in the multi-agent structure for power micro-grids, the reason for using shunt active power filters in the proposed method has been determined. Also, the performance of these filters for compensating current harmonics has been compared by examining the FFT results. In the used micro-grid, wind turbine generator and solar cell generator are used as renewable energy sources (RES) and two fuel cells are used to compensate for sudden and unplanned changes in the production power of these two generators. The energy management unit manages the active and inactive state of the two fuel cells according to the production power and consumption power of the micro-grid in such a way that the power exchanged between the micro-grid and the main grid is limited within an acceptable range. The simulation results show that the proposed method using local continuous controllers (in each agent) and central discrete controller (energy management system) has been able to perform well and while providing the required power of the micro-grid, at the same time, it performs the current harmonics compensation issue correctly. Manuscript profile
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        63 - The place of ethics in non-proliferation
        goudarz beyrami Atefeh  Amininia soudeh shamlou
        Ensuring peace requires changing the way people view themselves and others. Based on this, we can assume that a world without nuclear weapons is exactly like the world in which man aspires to live. Many of us are convinced that the use of nuclear bombs. In Hiroshima and More
        Ensuring peace requires changing the way people view themselves and others. Based on this, we can assume that a world without nuclear weapons is exactly like the world in which man aspires to live. Many of us are convinced that the use of nuclear bombs. In Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, there was a human catastrophe that will not be erased from the memory of history. The world today is a world of free nuclear weapons. In fact, the whole world has become a huge laboratory, and we have forgotten that we belong to a common human family, and how is it that despite the fact that 90% of the world's population is in favor of the complete elimination of weapons? There are still 13 nuclear weapons industries still operating. This article seeks to answer this question with a descriptive-analytical method. Does ethics have an effect on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons or not? The results of this study show that ethics along with contractual obligations can play an effective role in controlling nuclear disarmament. Manuscript profile
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        64 - Obstacles to achieving inclusive growth due to the inefficiency of the technical-executive system of the country
        abolfazl mirghasemi
        The purpose of the technical and executive system of the country is to establish an integrated military, to create investment plans and projects, within the framework of the economic, social and cultural development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran, taking into acc More
        The purpose of the technical and executive system of the country is to establish an integrated military, to create investment plans and projects, within the framework of the economic, social and cultural development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran, taking into account the increase of efficiency and effectiveness of plans and projects. Investment with a result-oriented approach, with the ability to follow and evaluate and based on the quality management system, is appropriate to the economic, social, climatic and environmental conditions of the country. Inclusive growth seeks to achieve goals and aspirations that bring about justice, equal opportunities for all, the preservation of the environment, and greater attention to the poor and disadvantaged in society. In other words, in the shadow of good governance, a principled and stable relationship between the economic, social and environmental conditions of each society should be provided. At the same time, the exploitation of natural resources and the environment should not lead to the destruction of resources or the unfair distribution of wealth. Although the principles and foundations of the technical-executive system approved in 2006 are based on a progressive approach and compatible with world literature and sustainable development, but unfortunately in practice and implementation, it has distanced itself from the ideal goals and problems in the areas of employer, consulting, There are supervisors and contractors described in this article. It is hoped that by reviewing the bylaws and instructions, as well as preparing and implementing an appropriate action plan to implement the technical-executive system, formulate and complete the required technical criteria and standards, as well as modify methods and workflow, these problems have been resolved and efficiency and effectiveness Increase the system to provide the basis for achieving inclusive growth, achieving greater social justice, reducing discrimination and abuse, preventing rent-seeking, providing opportunities for all, and paying special attention to the poor and deprived. Manuscript profile
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        65 - Iran's Energy Geopolitics and EU’s Approach
        سیدشمس‌الدین  صادقی
        Since the common denominator among EU members is increasing dependence on imported oil and gas, security of energy supply is a major concern for the European Union. When assured about security and effectiveness of energy market, those countries will be able to continue More
        Since the common denominator among EU members is increasing dependence on imported oil and gas, security of energy supply is a major concern for the European Union. When assured about security and effectiveness of energy market, those countries will be able to continue increasing consumption of energy. However, the rising energy price, especially with regard to natural gas, has led to questions about future situation of energy supply security for the EU members. Therefore, this paper first focuses on the rising demand for gas and the risks of overdependence of the EU members on gas supply from Russian Gazprom Company, which may lead to repetition of Ukraine experience and the international gas crisis in 2006 and 2009. It then analyzes geopolitical and international aspects of future energy supply security for the EU and strategic plans developed by its members to handle these challenges. In conclusion, the paper introduces Iran as a good alternative source for ensuring energy security of the EU due to its geoeconomic conditions. Manuscript profile
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        66 - Energy-saving Method in GPON Using Optimal Point Based on Gradient Descent
        AliAkbar Nikoukar Hamidreza Goudarzi ali iloon kashkooly
        Doze and sleep mechanisms are the most common energy-saving solution in GPON networks. Sleep duration is the critical value in the energy-saving domain, and it will affect the QoS metrics with inappropriate value. In this paper, a new energy-saving mechanism is proposed More
        Doze and sleep mechanisms are the most common energy-saving solution in GPON networks. Sleep duration is the critical value in the energy-saving domain, and it will affect the QoS metrics with inappropriate value. In this paper, a new energy-saving mechanism is proposed using an optimal point based on gradient descent that calculates sleep duration and keeps QoS metrics acceptable. The historical value of average delay and packet, drop ratio, ONU buffer, and bandwidth request parameters are used as input, and the sleep duration value is calculated. The simulation results show that the proposed method saves up to 17% energy in GPON and keeps the network’s QoS in an acceptable domain. Manuscript profile
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        67 - Investigating the effect of energy transfer on the environment and humans
        Hossein Almipour Seyed Majid  Keshavarz
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of energy transfer on the environment and humans, and given that today energy and its use is an integral part of life, so that even a minute of energy interruption will cause billions in losses. If energy transmissi More
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of energy transfer on the environment and humans, and given that today energy and its use is an integral part of life, so that even a minute of energy interruption will cause billions in losses. If energy transmission lines had not yet been discovered and invented, perhaps mankind would never have reached such a level of well-being and would still have to use carts and horses. This study investigates the characteristics of urban environments and the effects of energy transmission lines on the environment and humans. In addition to all the benefits that energy has, it will naturally have detrimental effects on humans and the environment, and therefore people who are exposed to the currents of energy transmission lines are more likely than others to suffer from all kinds of damage. According to human progress, solutions can be found to deal with it. For example, energy transmission lines can be crossed from the basement, which have less destructive effects on both physical health and environmental appearance than airborne transmission lines. Manuscript profile
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        68 - Photo-transformation of hydrogen sulfide environmental pollutant to hydrogen fuel using a carbon-based magnetic nanocomposite catalyst
        Majid Ghanimati Mohsen Lashgari Mahchehreh Sabeti
        Hydrogen sulfide is a dangerous, corrosive and flammable environmental pollutant that is generated at large scale in sour oil and gas industries. One of the sustainable strategies to remove this environmental pollutant and convert it into hydrogen clean fuel is the use More
        Hydrogen sulfide is a dangerous, corrosive and flammable environmental pollutant that is generated at large scale in sour oil and gas industries. One of the sustainable strategies to remove this environmental pollutant and convert it into hydrogen clean fuel is the use of a renewable energy source (photon) and synthesis of semiconducting nanoenergy materials. To this end, in the present project, a nanostructured magnetic semiconducting MgFe2O4 compound was synthesized and applied for the production of hydrogen fuel through photocatalytic splitting of an alkaline H2S solution. The empirical evidence revealed that the synthesized material has an appropriate potency to reduce proton and produce hydrogen. Furthermore, by the synthesis of CNT/MgFe2O4 magnetic nanocomposite, the boosting effect of carbon nanotube (CNT) on the activity of the aforementioned photocatalyst was examined. A significant promotion in hydrogen production was observed in the presence of CNT and justified in terms of increasing the photocatalyst surface area, retarding the electron-hole recombination process and enhancing the photon absorption. The rate of hydrogen evolution was 1284 µmole/h per 0.2 g photocatalyst, indicating that the synthesized nanocomposite material has a high ability to remove the pollutant and produce hydrogen fuel. Manuscript profile
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        69 - Optimum orientation of the building with the aim of optimal shading and reducing energy consumption (Case Study: Tehran Music Hall)
        Tiam Aram Javad Eiraji
        The increasing trend of population growth, the energy crisis, and the depletion of energy resources on the planet are all warnings for all sciences and in all fields and professions in order to help sustain the existing situation. Since a large amount of energy consumpt More
        The increasing trend of population growth, the energy crisis, and the depletion of energy resources on the planet are all warnings for all sciences and in all fields and professions in order to help sustain the existing situation. Since a large amount of energy consumption in the world is spent on construction purposes, specifically on cooling and heating loads and creating thermal comfort in the building, a study in this field is significantly important. In this research, by choosing a building as a case study, the amount of sunlight received by vertical surfaces has been investigated. Then, using the simulation method and related software, different angles between zero and 180 degrees of rotation are considered for the building to optimize the orientation angle of the building. The optimal angle means that the minimum amount of solar energy is received on vertical surfaces and the maximum amount of shading. Numerous research has been conducted in the past years about the amount of sunlight received in the building and the optimal angle. However, the used software and the measurement on vertical surfaces in Tehran in this research are considered research innovations. The optimal angle results from building energy analysis charts are displayed in this research. Manuscript profile
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        70 - The prespective investigation of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions using the LEAP model (Case Study: Gorgan)
        Maryam Ghaderian Abdolrasool Salman Mahini hamidreza kamyab
        This study evaluated and analyzed energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in Gorgan. For this purpose, the demand and supply model of Gorgan was developed based on the baseline scenario and scenarios of improving energy consumption using the LEAP model until 141 More
        This study evaluated and analyzed energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in Gorgan. For this purpose, the demand and supply model of Gorgan was developed based on the baseline scenario and scenarios of improving energy consumption using the LEAP model until 1414 (2035). In recent years, various strategies have been proposed to optimize energy consumption, which is among the most important strategies to reduce energy consumption and environmental emissions on an urban scale. These strategies generally include 1- Gradual increase of energy carrier prices according to the law of targeted subsidies, 2- Management of energy in the direction of the energy demand of the city, 3- Development of renewable energy technologies in the direction of demand and, 4- Increase of CNG share in the urban transport sector. First, each of these solutions was evaluated in the form of a scenario in the model environment and then their impact on energy consumption and environmental emissions was investigated. Finally, a new scenario was defined as the energy policy of Gorgan, which is the result of a combination of the four scenarios mentioned and indicates the simultaneous implementation of all strategies to improve energy and environmental emissions in Gorgan. At the end of the research, suggestions on energy consumption optimization based on the energy policy scenario of Gorgan are presented. Manuscript profile
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        71 - Investigating and analyzing the effects of the consequences of wind turbines on the environment
        Farid  Manouchehri Sarbasi Seyed Majid  Keshavarz
        The reduction of fossil fuel resources, which are considered a huge part of energy production resources, as well as the effects of the consumption of such energy resources, cause environmental pollution issues such as the phenomenon of global warming of the earth's temp More
        The reduction of fossil fuel resources, which are considered a huge part of energy production resources, as well as the effects of the consumption of such energy resources, cause environmental pollution issues such as the phenomenon of global warming of the earth's temperature, the reduction of the thickness of the ozone layer, and the destruction of natural resources such as forests, pastures and The seas have been In this regard, the use of renewable energy such as wind energy is booming; By examining the weather conditions of each region, the ability to extract wind energy from that environment can be extracted. The increasing growth of the wind turbine industry in the world has made this industry one of the leading industries in the field of new energy, and it is expected that this growth will increase significantly in the coming years. Although wind power plants have less destructive effects on the environment compared to traditional power plants, the environmental impact of wind turbine blades will become a big challenge. Disposal and recycling of vanes, noise created by vanes, visual effects, killing of birds and insects by vanes, atmospheric disturbances and pollution during construction, transportation and installation of vanes are among these problems. Many of these problems have been reduced with the advancement of technology or with the correct installation of the power plant. The purpose of this research is to investigate and evaluate the effects of wind turbines on humans and the environment. Manuscript profile
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        72 - The effects of solar power plant on the environment in Iran
        Mustafa  Esmaili Nasb Seyed Majid  Keshavarz
        Solar energy is one of the most important types of new and renewable energy that, if it replaces fossil fuels, can end existing concerns about the end of life as well as environmental pollution caused by fossil energy carriers and price fluctuations and energy crises. C More
        Solar energy is one of the most important types of new and renewable energy that, if it replaces fossil fuels, can end existing concerns about the end of life as well as environmental pollution caused by fossil energy carriers and price fluctuations and energy crises. Considering the high potential of solar energy in large areas of Iran, among energy sources, solar energy is more attractive for researchers. Today, many countries use solar power plants in grid-connected and grid-independent formats. The use of renewable energies is due to the reduction of dependence on oil and gas, sources that are less harmful to the environment, being cheap, permanent, clean, reducing fossil fuel consumption and reducing greenhouse gases, the ability to be used at home and on a large scale, and easy maintenance are some of the advantages of using renewable energy. They are from solar and wind energy, which have turned these features of renewable energy into the best and cleanest energies. Manuscript profile
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        73 - Comparing the two materials, brick (traditional material) and Heblex Block (new material), in relation to energy consumption and economy
        samaneh foroughian hasan zolfagharzadeh
        Saving fossil fuels and using clean energy sources leads to utilization costs reduction and the environment & human well-being protection. Building walls and used materials are considered the main sources of energy waste. Brick is a building material that backs to ancie More
        Saving fossil fuels and using clean energy sources leads to utilization costs reduction and the environment & human well-being protection. Building walls and used materials are considered the main sources of energy waste. Brick is a building material that backs to ancient history; the reason for using it is its stability, cheapness, and high manufacturing speed. Now, its use is less considered for some reasons, such as increasing population density, the construction of multi-story buildings, overweight, the requirement of higher labor, and the lack of insulation. Likewise, Heblex blocks have become more widely used as they eliminated many defects of bricks, although brick is still being used. Considering the importance of energy in recent decades and the emphasis of national building regulations on the insulation of buildings and less energy consumption, this study focuses on comparing two materials, bricks and Heblex blocks, with each other in terms of energy cooling and heating consumption, and the building gas and electricity fuel consumption, as well as the amount of financial saving in electricity and gas consumption. This research was conducted by Design Builder software, and the studied model was selected as a cube with dimensions of 4 * 10 * 10 in the Mashhad climate. The investigated model has been modeled in the software. Then, the amount of cooling, heating, and the total load of the building in two cases, brick walls and Hablex materials, have been extracted, and the results have been stated as a percentage. The obtained results show that replacing bricks wall with Heblex blocks will save the energy consumption of the building up to 55.12%. In the next step, the electricity and gas price for both models has been estimated. And it was found that replacing the brick with Heblx Blocks could assist the household economy by almost 55.5% by saving from paying electricity and gas bills. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        74 - Reactive Power management in Distribution Network Considering uncertainties in the Presence of Discrete and Continuous Reactive Power Compensator Equipment
        mahboobeh etemadizadeh maryam Ramezani H. Falaghi
        The increasing rate of distributed generation resources expansion into power systems and the random nature of these resources have altered the operation and design of these networks, and reactive power management in distribution networks belongs to this category. The us More
        The increasing rate of distributed generation resources expansion into power systems and the random nature of these resources have altered the operation and design of these networks, and reactive power management in distribution networks belongs to this category. The use of these resources in distribution networks is not without challenges and the lack of optimal management of reactive power may not bring economic efficiency for the network. Energy storage systems have the potential to solve this problem. Therefore, in this article, reactive power management in a microgrid connected to the main grid, taking into account distributed generation sources, energy storage systems and discrete reactive power compensating equipment, including capacitor banks, taking into account uncertainty in network load and Wind and solar power generation has been done. Finally, the efficiency of the method is demonstrated by numerical examinations on the distribution networks of 33 and 69 IEEE buses and in the GAMS optimization software. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        75 - Multi-Objective Economic-Environment Scheduling of Microgrids in the Presence of Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Demand Response to Smooth the Distribution Nodal Prices
        ali mirzaei NAVID TAGHIZADEGAN KALANTARI Sajad Najafi Ravadanegh
        Today, with the growing demand for hybrid electric vehicles in microgrids, electricity supply, environmental issues, and rescheduling are among the challenges of microgrids that must be solved and suitable solutions provided. To overcome these challenges, this paper int More
        Today, with the growing demand for hybrid electric vehicles in microgrids, electricity supply, environmental issues, and rescheduling are among the challenges of microgrids that must be solved and suitable solutions provided. To overcome these challenges, this paper introduces a new multi-objective optimization model, which in the first objective, minimizes the total operation cost of the microgrid, and in the second objective, improves the reliability index by reducing the amount of energy not supplied. Due to these two objectives, a multi-objective evolutionary seagull optimization algorithm is used to find the optimal global solutions. In this regard, hybrid electric vehicles and demand response programs are used to smooth out distribution nodal prices and reduce CO2 emissions. The 69-bus distribution network has been used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        76 - Investigating the effects of intelligent architecture in the interior design of the house on energy saving
        Seyedeh Maryam Mojtabavi Behnaz Bananezhad Mashhadi
        Today, with the advancement of technology, it is possible to update building components to increase the level of human-technology interaction, provide more comfort, achieve security, safety, comfort and better control in the residential space. Also, the energy shortage More
        Today, with the advancement of technology, it is possible to update building components to increase the level of human-technology interaction, provide more comfort, achieve security, safety, comfort and better control in the residential space. Also, the energy shortage crisis around the world has become one of the most serious human problems, and smart architecture can reduce the consumption of fossil fuels, reduce electricity and gas consumption, reduce greenhouse gas production, and reduce harmful environmental effects, for this reason it is necessary to Intelligence should be used in interior architecture. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of using technology in the building and the impact of smart elements on the lives of residents, especially in optimizing energy consumption. The present research method is qualitative in nature and practical in terms of purpose. In the first step, by reviewing the theoretical foundations and research background in the field of intelligentization and energy optimization, information was collected through library-documentary studies, analyzed through content analysis, then the elements of intelligentization were extracted in the form of a conceptual model. In the second step, the effects of intelligentization on improving the quality of residents were investigated, and in the last step, the performance of indicators of intelligentization that reduce energy consumption was analyzed. The findings showed that one of the effects of technology on building construction is intelligentization, which through "smart materials and materials", "sensors", "security and safety control system and monitoring" and "service equipment" can improve economic, psychological and physical components. and the environment to improve the quality of life of the residents and it can be implemented by two methods, wired and wireless. One of the most important effects of intelligentization is the reduction of energy consumption from the environmental component, the performance of each of the elements is presented in a diagram. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        77 - Reviewing the Design Parameters of the Building -Envelope in Order to Reduce Energy Consumption (Case Study: Contemporary Residential Buildings in District 15)
        Reza Salimi Gargari seyed majid mofidi Haniyeh  Sanaieian
        The quality of the internal spaces and the impacts it has on the building's energy consumption depend critically on the right and optimal design of the building facade, which plays a significant function as the structure's envelope.Taking into account the facade's cruci More
        The quality of the internal spaces and the impacts it has on the building's energy consumption depend critically on the right and optimal design of the building facade, which plays a significant function as the structure's envelope.Taking into account the facade's crucial function as the building's outer shell on On the other hand, new evaluation methods that designers and architects can utilize in the early stages of design must be replaced due to the time-consuming and challenging existing methods of optimization. The building's exterior envelope has an impact on both the outside environment and the urban environment in addition to shielding the inside environment from outside environmental conditions. Walls, ceilings, windows, doors, and other building elements are among its many parts. The goal of the current study is to create a thorough taxonomy of local structures while also examining the impact of building facade factors on their thermal behavior and energy usage. For this reason, the anatomical parameters of the façade are thoroughly studied in the first step by methodically studying sources and comparable research, and then the various types of facades in area 15 are examined. It should be noted that this article is only the first of a thorough investigation into facade design alternatives for energy consumption reduction. Following the completion of the investigations, the area's GIS map was extensively analyzed, and various and typical types were extracted using a field approach. According to the results of the field research and the components of the facade covering, the average area, orientation, length-to-width ratio, and frequency of parts are examined. The final types are extracted in the second stage after the buildings with the same length of view are classified in accordance with the map and the locations of the spaces in the main view. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        78 - The impact of electric cars on the environment
        Syed Mani Hashemi Seyed Majid  Keshavarz
        Abstract Like many other human activities, the construction and operation of electric machines, in addition to its benefits, has a negative impact on the environment, especially pollution. According to these cases, it is possible to discuss about the moment of pollut More
        Abstract Like many other human activities, the construction and operation of electric machines, in addition to its benefits, has a negative impact on the environment, especially pollution. According to these cases, it is possible to discuss about the moment of pollution, if the amount of pollution depends on the size of the device, which of the stages of the existence of the device has more pollution than the other stages (construction, operation and dismantling). And how to reduce the environmental impact. In the construction of electric machines, a series of materials are used to make the electrical system (winding), the magnetic system and also. Necessary materials for making the mechanical structure and car insulation. All these materials are the result of complex processes, energy consumption and more or less pollution. Once obtained, these materials are subjected to mechanical processing and produce various pollutants along with the resulting components. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        79 - WSTMOS: A Method For Optimizing Throughput, Energy, And Latency In Cloud Workflow Scheduling
        Arash Ghorbannia Delavar Reza Akraminejad sahar mozafari
        Application of cloud computing in different datacenters around the world has led to generation of more co2 gas. In addition, energy and throughput are the two most important issues in this field. This paper has presented an energy and throughput-aware algorithm for sche More
        Application of cloud computing in different datacenters around the world has led to generation of more co2 gas. In addition, energy and throughput are the two most important issues in this field. This paper has presented an energy and throughput-aware algorithm for scheduling of compressed-instance workflows in things-internet by cluster processing in cloud. A method is presented for scheduling cloud workflows with aim of optimizing energy, throughput, and latency. In the proposed method, time and energy consumption has been improved in comparison to previous methods by creating distance parameters, clustering inputs, and considering real execution time. In WSTMOS method by considering special parameters and real execution time, we managed to reach the optimized objective function. Moreover, in the proposed method parameter of time distance of tasks to virtual machines for reduction of number of migration in virtual machines was applied. In WSTMOS method by organizing the workflow inputs to low, medium and heavy groups and also by distributing appropriate load on more suitable servers for processors threshold, we accomplished to optimize energy and cost. Energy consumption was reduced by 4.8 percent while the cost was cut down by 4.4 percent using this method in comparison to studied method. Finally, average delay time, power and workload are optimized in comparison to previous methods. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        80 - Solar panels for residential needs
        Sinai Salehi Seyed Majid  Keshavarz fardin   Yazdanpanah
        The practical efficiency of commercial m-Si and CIS PV modules measured in reality by our group was less than 15% due to the higher temperature of the PV modules, and the rest is more than 85% of the exhaust solar energy. Environmental Heating It was previously reporte More
        The practical efficiency of commercial m-Si and CIS PV modules measured in reality by our group was less than 15% due to the higher temperature of the PV modules, and the rest is more than 85% of the exhaust solar energy. Environmental Heating It was previously reported in 2020 that the principle of an environmentally friendly PV/T (photovoltaic/thermal) solar panel using m-Si PV module to use 71.3% of solar energy for electricity and 40°C water This panel was designed to confirm the principle, that is, it was an experimental PV/T solar panel. In this paper, a new environmentally friendly PV/T solar panel for use in BIPVT (photovoltaic) systems is presented. /integrated heating in the building) is proposed. The new panel uses a CIS PV module and all functions, including the heat exchanger using aluminum flat tubes, are housed in a panel box that is approximately the size of a simple CIS PV panel. PV/T Solar Panel Proposed 73.5 % of solar energy with 13.0% power generation efficiency and 60.5% heat collection efficiency in a 40°C hot water source in Yokohama, Japan. The efficiency is higher than the previous test panel. The proposed panel can also suppress heat radiation around 50°C even in the case of hot water of 60°C. The proposed PV/T solar panel can meet all residential thermal needs such as domestic hot water (DHW) and space heating or cooling using solar heat with less environmental heat load. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        81 - The effect of renewable energy and financial development on carbon emissions based on consumption in Iran
        seyed jalal tabatabaei
        The current research has investigated the effect of financial development and renewable energy consumption on carbon emissions based on consumption in Iran by controlling the variables of economic growth and electricity consumption in the period from 1990 to 2021. After More
        The current research has investigated the effect of financial development and renewable energy consumption on carbon emissions based on consumption in Iran by controlling the variables of economic growth and electricity consumption in the period from 1990 to 2021. After examining the Manai test of the research variables using modified Dickey-Fuller and Ziot-Andrews tests, Bayer and Hank's cointegration test was performed to check the existence of collinearity between the research variables. Then, autoregressive distributed lag estimators, fully modified ordinary least squares, dynamic ordinary least squares and gradual shift causality test were used to investigate the long-term relationship of variables and their causal relationship. The results clearly show that financial development and renewable energy consumption reduce carbon emissions based on consumption in Iran, and economic development and financial development increase carbon emissions based on consumption. The results of the test of gradual causal changes have confirmed the main results of the estimation methods used. Therefore, policymakers in Iran should encourage research and development in low-carbon technologies and also target investments in renewable energy and reduce the level of non-renewable energy imports and avoid investing in high energy consumption sectors that lead to an increase Avoid carbon emissions based on consumption. Manuscript profile

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