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Open Access Article
1 - A System for Online Notification of Changes to Webblog Abstracts
Mehdi NaghaviExponential growth of information in the cyber space alongside rapid advancements in its related technologies has created a new mode of competition between societies to gain information domination in this critical and invaluable space. It has thus become quite critical MoreExponential growth of information in the cyber space alongside rapid advancements in its related technologies has created a new mode of competition between societies to gain information domination in this critical and invaluable space. It has thus become quite critical to all stakeholders to play a leading and dominant role in generation of information and monitoring of voluminous information uploaded to this space. However, to achieve domination in monitoring large amount of information in cyberspace requires real-time monitoring using new techniques and approaches instead of traditional techniques. Concerned with the latter case, we limit our focus in this paper on Web blogs as an important part of the cyber space and propose a novel notification system for quick reporting of changes made to Web blogs. This is achieved by restricting the search for changes to high volumes of Web blogs only to changes to the abstracts of Web blogs derived from Web blogs. We show that this system works favorably compared to systems that require cooperation and synchronization between information providers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Image Processing of steel sheets for Defect Detection by using Gabor Wavelet
masoud shafiee mostafa sadeghiIn different steps of steel production, various defects appear on the surface of the sheet. Putting aside the causes of defects, precise identification of their kinds helps classify steel sheet correctly, thereby it allocates a high percentage of quality control process MoreIn different steps of steel production, various defects appear on the surface of the sheet. Putting aside the causes of defects, precise identification of their kinds helps classify steel sheet correctly, thereby it allocates a high percentage of quality control process. QC of steel sheet for promotion of product quality and maintaining the competitive market is of great importance. In this paper, in addition to quick review of image process techniques used, using image process by means of Gabor wavelet, a fast and precise solution for detection of texture defects in steel sheet is presented. In first step, the approach extracts considerable texture specification from image by using Gabor wavelet. The specification includes both different directions and different frequencies. Then using statistical methods, images are selected that have more obvious defects, and location of defects is determined. Offering the experimental samples, the accuracy and speed of the method is indicated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Analyzing the factors affecting on the spatial planning in border regions of Iran and Afganistan from the perspective of political geography
Mahmood Vasegh Abbas TabatabaiThe borders of Iran in the recent two centuries have been the arena of conflict and territorial tide that its result in the period of first Pahlavi and modernize of politics conce pts waz the current land of Iran. Iran and Afganistan have about 945 KM common border that MoreThe borders of Iran in the recent two centuries have been the arena of conflict and territorial tide that its result in the period of first Pahlavi and modernize of politics conce pts waz the current land of Iran. Iran and Afganistan have about 945 KM common border that stretched from the Zulficar crater to the Malek siah mountain. There is a lot of external and internal factors that are effective in the frontier zones of this areas. The issue that is analyzing in this article is the impacts of this factors that must be seen in the land use planning of this areas. The research method in this article is library and analytical to answer this question: Wich external and internal factors are effective in the spatial planning in border regions. According to the findings of this article, many factors such as immigration illegal, drugs, terrorism and the presence of western powers are effective on this issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - What is the political geography of the city, and why
hassan kamranThe geography of science, and among the branches of political geography that are grateful to describe the systematic relations between man (politics) and the geographic environment, is one of the old sciences whose history is based on the length of human life on earth. MoreThe geography of science, and among the branches of political geography that are grateful to describe the systematic relations between man (politics) and the geographic environment, is one of the old sciences whose history is based on the length of human life on earth. Today's most important human space environment is cities. The city is a closed space complex that occurs in this set of events, each of which creates a field of study of a science. One of the most important events taking place in the city is political events, in other words, the city has always been linked to the concept of politics. In the event that the impact of political and power relations is on the urban spatial development, political geography, with the often in-town approach, studies these relationships. Therefore, the political geography of the city is to study the impact of the activities of the state and the authorities on various dimensions (socio-cultural, economic, security and environmental) of urban life and citizens. The main question raised here is that "the political geography of the city, why and how to enter the study area of today's urban complex?" According to the hypothesis of this paper, the political geography of the city, to study the political space of the city, Investigates and presents the basic solutions. Thus, the political geography of the city can be considered as one of the branches of geosciences in the study of space and its features. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Factors affecting urban creative city to create interactive space
monir mirzayi abbas arghan mohammad reza zand moghadamThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effective indicators for creating interactive spaces with an emphasis on the creative city. In this regard, according to the research topic, the scrolling method has been used. Regarding the level of study, two descriptive MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effective indicators for creating interactive spaces with an emphasis on the creative city. In this regard, according to the research topic, the scrolling method has been used. Regarding the level of study, two descriptive and explanatory levels (descriptive-analytical) were used. Also, for statistical analysis, statistical software such as SPSS and Super Decision software have been used. At the descriptive level, one-dimensional tables, percentages and abundance have been used. Also, at the inferential level, T-test was used to test the hypotheses, along with two independent samples, Pearson's path analysis. The ANP model is used to rank the factors influencing the realization of the creative city. Finally, the results of the research showed that social capital is a good predictor of explaining the level of the creative city in Ray. The creative city can meet the needs and aspirations of urban communities on a variety of dimensions. The needs of each city are influenced by the growth of the city. Urban space is realized when a person or people want to use it or be involved in this process. This process, on the one hand, contributes to the dynamism of the environment and, on the other hand, to the emergence of the creative class. Impact factors (human capital, innovation, social capital and quality of life) can be effective indicators of creativity and planning. In this research, it has been dealt with in general. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Environmental Security Evaluation Using Space Syntax Theory and Place-Check Technique; Case Study: Saraseyb Neighborhood
Mehdi Mirmini Samaneh Jalili SadrabadSecurity has always been one of the most important human needs, this notion is defined once a person is present in an urban space. Therefore, the physical aspects of the city play an important role in its quality. One of the leading approaches to reducing crime, and con MoreSecurity has always been one of the most important human needs, this notion is defined once a person is present in an urban space. Therefore, the physical aspects of the city play an important role in its quality. One of the leading approaches to reducing crime, and consequently increasing security, is CPTED, which was inspired by Jane Jacobs's "Eyes on the Street" and Oscar Newman's "Defenseless Spaces" theories. But these theories have neglected addressing the quality of people's presence in the community and its relation with security issues. Bill Hayler's Space Syntax theory examines this phenomenon as a relation to co-presence of citizens. For this purpose, the present paper first examines the environmental security in Sarasiab neighborhood of Tehran using a checklist, based on the CPTED principles and strategies. Then, using Depth Map software, the neighborhood map has been extracted and the impact of space syntax on its environmental security has been evaluated. The results of the above findings, which have been gathered in the SWOT table, indicate a low level of environmental security in the Sarasiab neighborhood. For this reason, it has come up with the necessary suggestions for promoting environmental safety in the form of strategic design principles. Finally, modeling the impact of proposed physical changes to improve spatial configuration, interconnection and environmental security has been carries out. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Scientific critique and "critical" structural-functional scanning
ِAbaas SaidiThe Structural-Functional Scheduling Approach was proposed by the author in 2011 as a new framework in the study of space systems, in particular its settlement system. Since then, this approach has been more or less welcomed both in scientific-research circles and in ex MoreThe Structural-Functional Scheduling Approach was proposed by the author in 2011 as a new framework in the study of space systems, in particular its settlement system. Since then, this approach has been more or less welcomed both in scientific-research circles and in executive agencies. However, criticisms have been made about it. The motivation for writing this essay is actually to address the content of one of these critiques and an explanation of some of the principles of critique, although its audience is not necessarily an individual, but the scientific community of the country, especially students and scholars who are interested in more critique and possibly the use of this The approach is to advance their research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Role of Environmental and Physical in Urban Security
According to the security of its non-police aspect, it is a new phenomenon and generally a lack of studies in this area is obvious. The roots of some crimes and a feeling of insecure is due to a lack of attention of urban planners and managers. The big issue in terms of MoreAccording to the security of its non-police aspect, it is a new phenomenon and generally a lack of studies in this area is obvious. The roots of some crimes and a feeling of insecure is due to a lack of attention of urban planners and managers. The big issue in terms of security and the prevention of critical events and crime is whether the big cities, have provided such conditions? This study aimed to understand the role of different factors and the physical environment and its impact on security. The research method is a combination of descriptive - analytic. This article attempts to answer these questions:1- Does the combination of environmental and physical factors is effective in security of urban areas? 2. Is the composition and distribution of urban land use surrounding public spaces in the study area is effective to increase urban security? The study area is District 8 of Tehran. Information required is obtained by library and field observation. Analysis of the data is done via SPSS software and Minitabs and GIS. The results indicate that the local security as well as environmental and physical differences in them is different. Also 13 neighborhood of district 8 of Tehran in terms of security and the individual components of research were ranked. Security in those public spaces which have diverse and mix urban land-use, compared to other similar places that have lack of diversity and mix urban land use were different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Comparative Evaluation of the City’s Physical Space Properties in the Occurrence of Vandalism Behaviors (Case Study of Karshenasan Town and Kowsar Town in Ardabil)
sohrab abolfathiVandalism is a conscious, volitional, and self-imposed destruction of properties, general amenities and utilities of the city. Alongside with population increase and expansion, and physical spaces, today's cities face a variety of urban problems and damages, which colle MoreVandalism is a conscious, volitional, and self-imposed destruction of properties, general amenities and utilities of the city. Alongside with population increase and expansion, and physical spaces, today's cities face a variety of urban problems and damages, which collectively threatens these communities in terms of environmental health, and security including issues of vandalism behaviors in the city. Given these circumstances, the necessity of considering the fact that the public spaces of the country's cities have encountered this social dilemma is of special significance. Subsequently Ardabil’s public spaces which are exposed to young people commuting are also facing such issues and problems. The main objective of this research is to identify the features of the physical space in the occurrence of vandalism behaviors in the two studied towns of the Ardabil city. This research is of applied type, and the data analysis method is descriptive-analytic. The first stage includes selection of indices, and physical data collection of two studied towns in development and expansion of vandalism phenomenon including urban land use, population density, the amount of access to the facilities and possible destruction utilities, level of isolation, and openness of urban spaces. The second stage includes analysis of collected data, preparation of maps and overlaying of them via GIS software in order to identify areas susceptible to cause this special damage. Results from data analysis, and checking the zoning of these two towns in terms of affectedness from vandalism phenomenon indicate that the vulnerability of Kowsar town is higher than Karshenasan town since the amount of open and isolated spaces with the use of urban uncultivated lands, and green spaces are more in Kowsar town. Moreover, the building and population density in Karshenasan town is higher than Kowsar town. Another important factor to be mentioned is the existence of the Shorabil recreational and tourism complex in Kowsar town which has created favorable conditions for the occurrence of this phenomenon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Impact of Political Ideology on Promoting the Level of Geographic Space; Case study: Qom province
hassan kamranAdministrative divisions are a clear indication of the role played by states in managing the territorial space, which is being discussed in many disciplines, especially in geopolitics .By pursuing country-specific divisions and territorial targeting, governments pursue MoreAdministrative divisions are a clear indication of the role played by states in managing the territorial space, which is being discussed in many disciplines, especially in geopolitics .By pursuing country-specific divisions and territorial targeting, governments pursue specific goals and, according to specific rules and regulations, apply their own management in territorial territory. In the process of changing the level of political-administrative units, there are several factors that make up one of the most important ones, such as population, size, culture and ethnicity, age, security, access, etc. However, in some cases, it can be seen that the existence of a series of political and geopolitical considerations or religious or religious characteristics imposes these criteria on the sidelines and alone plays a key role in promoting the level of division of the state. One of these cases in Iran is the conversion of Qom county to Qom province. This article explores why and how it is influenced by it. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and its data and data have been collected through library resources, electronics and referring to relevant documents. The results of the research showed that political and religious factor played a major role in promoting the political level of Qom and forming Qom province, and had a greater impact than other factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Analysis of the factors influencing the promotion of the levels of national divisions (Case study: Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces)
Afshin Mottaghi Arash Ghorbanisepehr Vahid AmiriCountry divisions are referred to as the process of dividing the country into smaller units, in order to facilitate its administration, distribution of facilities and public services, control over land space and facilitate the exercise of state sovereignty. In other wor MoreCountry divisions are referred to as the process of dividing the country into smaller units, in order to facilitate its administration, distribution of facilities and public services, control over land space and facilitate the exercise of state sovereignty. In other words, every government has the inevitability of managing its territorial territory and exploiting it, boosting the talents and capabilities of the regions, creating favorable conditions for improving the economic, social, political and ... state and security of the country. Divide into smaller units. Based on this, the present study is applied in terms of its purpose and is a survey in terms of its implementation. The information gathering method in this research is a web-based and field-based library method, and a descriptive-analytical survey method has been used in terms of how the results are processed and interpreted and in accordance with the qualitative strategy. Accordingly, the present study seeks to answer the following questions: What are the factors affecting the promotion of levels of country divisions in the cities of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari? The results indicate that in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, factors such as deprivation and underdevelopment of the region, geographical location and natural status of the province, remoteness and poor access of villagers to service centers and ... have played a role in national divisions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Investigating the Impact of Defenseless Spaces on Citizen Safety sense (Case Study: Tehran Bazar Neighborhood)
Hossein Farhadikhah Ahmad Pourahmad Seyed Khalil Seyed AlipourIncluding the consequences of defenseless spaces in cities, less safe and more importantly reduce the sense of security among citizens, so evaluation these spaces and their effects on the sense of security of the citizens is essential. The purpose of this study is also MoreIncluding the consequences of defenseless spaces in cities, less safe and more importantly reduce the sense of security among citizens, so evaluation these spaces and their effects on the sense of security of the citizens is essential. The purpose of this study is also evaluating the effects of defenseless spaces on the sense of security of citizens in the Bazar neighborhood of Tehran. This research has an applied aim and its methodology Library - survey (questionnaire) is. To study for defenseless space of three indicators (physical, social and social - physical) and three indicators sense of security (sense of security of language, physical and visual) are used. The sample size using Cochran's formula, according to statistical population (23,696 people), 384 is obtained. To analyze the data, two software SPSS and SMART - PLS is used. The research results show that the between physical and social indicator’s sense of security of citizens there is a significant relationship, but between the social - physical indicators by sense of security, there is no significant relationship. As well as social indicators (crowding, privacy, etc.), the greatest impact on sense of security of citizens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The position of public spaces in meeting regeneration policies of ineffective contexts
Farzaneh Salami Rahim Sarvar Bakhtyar EzatpanahNowadays, a majority of cities suffer from shortage of quality spaces for collective living. Undesirable space and lack of identity are among factors which put a higher emphasis on promoting quality of life. Life quality is a multi-aspect and complex category, and this MoreNowadays, a majority of cities suffer from shortage of quality spaces for collective living. Undesirable space and lack of identity are among factors which put a higher emphasis on promoting quality of life. Life quality is a multi-aspect and complex category, and this concept has various meaning for different people and groups with respect to time and local conditions. Nowadays, life quality has decreased in various aspects and people′s presence has faded away in urban areas. However, existing population in public spaces is such that we face a large number of population in some spaces. This population is a factor to decrease collective life quality in cities. This population does not have sufficient area and required facilities to do voluntary activities in the area, and consequently less interactions will be hold, resulting in urban areas which have changed into sedentary spaces and without manifesting social life conditions. The major function of cities is facilitating the presence of citizens in urban spaces, collective life has become the victim of automobile comfort. Thus, the study is looking for explaining the position of public spaces in meeting regeneration policies in ineffective contexts such that promoting public spaces provides some conditions to promote people′s life quality in ineffective contexts (historic contexts). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Space Administration of Tourism Destinations in Rural Areas
hajar mazidi rahmatollah monshizadeh farhad azizpour bijan rahmaniRural tourism is also considered as a part of tourism that is located in a peripheral economy that not only does not promote rural and local areas, but also creates environmental and social imbalances in these areas, resulting in very little benefit; and, as a result, t MoreRural tourism is also considered as a part of tourism that is located in a peripheral economy that not only does not promote rural and local areas, but also creates environmental and social imbalances in these areas, resulting in very little benefit; and, as a result, this economic activity (Rural Tourism) creates very little benefit for the villagers, and the major benefits and costs return to the mother cities and large cities of the Third World, and ultimately to transnational corporations (Holland et all, 2003). In this regard, paying attention to planning (specially space planning) becomes necessary. This kind of planning should particularly be considered as an effective approach to the issue of tourism space organization. On the basis, the present study looks for the space administration of tourism destination in the rural areas of Mohammad Abad-Zarrin Gol area (the city of Ali Abad Katoul) as one of the tourism destinations. The methodology of the study is quantitative and its method is descriptive, and the data have been collected through a documentary and field manner. The statistical population included 20 rural tourism destinations in Mohammad Abad-Zarrin Gol area in Ali Abad Katoul city. It has been used the AHP method for rating factors, the Prometheus method for final score and ranking the destinations, and cluster analysis method for leveling the tourism destinations; as well, to determine the functional area of rural tourism destinations, GIs point of deflection in the sofware environment has been applied. The results of the study showed that the disproportion in the distribution of rural tourism destinations in the intended area of the study is one of the important challenges of the space administration of tourism development of this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Study of mineralization and origin of Pliocene conglomerate hosted strata bound sedimentary Cu mineralization in the Ghareh-Aghaj, Maku
Mehadi Moradi Maghfouri Moaid AshratiThe study area is located in the Northwest of Iran and North of Khoy Ophiolite Belt. Rocks of the Ghareh-Aghaj region include Qum formation, Upper Red Formation and Pliocene conglomerate. Pliocene rock units consist of siltstone, sandstone (arkose and lithic arenite) an MoreThe study area is located in the Northwest of Iran and North of Khoy Ophiolite Belt. Rocks of the Ghareh-Aghaj region include Qum formation, Upper Red Formation and Pliocene conglomerate. Pliocene rock units consist of siltstone, sandstone (arkose and lithic arenite) and microconglomerate- conglomerate. Pliocene cicroconglomerate- conglomerate hosted strata bound copper mineralization in the Ghareh Aghaj region, but the mineralization is partially seen in the sandstone unit. Much of the mineralization in the study area is open space filling and disseminated. Ore mineralogy of Ghareh-Aghaj is very simple and contains of native copper, cuprite and tenorite. Lack of copper sulfides, the absence of plant fossils as reducing agent, and the non-occurrence of copper replacement instead of plant tissues, occurance of mineralization as the open space filling and cement grain and formation of native copper as the main ore, all represent the dissimilarity of Ghareh-Aghaj Cu mineralization with Redbed type sedimentary copper deposits. Formation of Ghareh-Aghaj copper deposit can be explained as follows: Pore water formation of diagenetic processes within the Upper Red Formation caused the leaching of copper from this sequence and the formation of copper chloride complexes. Increasing of water table caused the development of reducing conditions in the Pliocene conglomerate. Therefore entrance of Copper-bearing fluids caused native copper deposition below the water table. Decreasing of groundwater table and exposure of native copper to the oxidizing conditions caused the replacement of cuprite, malachite and azurite with native copper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - A Critical Study of Spacement Poetry Based on Narratology of Yadollah Royaee’s Poems
غلامحسين غلامحسينزاده Farzad Karimi قدرت الله طاهريRoyaee invented and introduced a style in Persian poetry which he named Spacement Poetry. His poetry renewed debate about the relative value of form and context in modern Persian Poetry. The present article is a semiotic study of narration in his poem named “Sokoot Dast MoreRoyaee invented and introduced a style in Persian poetry which he named Spacement Poetry. His poetry renewed debate about the relative value of form and context in modern Persian Poetry. The present article is a semiotic study of narration in his poem named “Sokoot Daste Gol-I Bood” (Silence seemed a bouquet of flower in my larynx), from his Sea Poems. The findings of the research show that he has employed an implied narration; narration occurs using repetitive spacements in short lines, without using any explicit narrative elements. This differentiated his poetry from the prevailed poetry of the time- symbolism, and romanticism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Sufi time
افسانه ناظريFor Muslim Gnostics, “Time” has special meanings, implications and features which indicate “passing-away of human nature and manifestation of the Divine”. It is the very “Time” or “Present Time” when spiritual experiences and intuition of interior Truths happens. The “P MoreFor Muslim Gnostics, “Time” has special meanings, implications and features which indicate “passing-away of human nature and manifestation of the Divine”. It is the very “Time” or “Present Time” when spiritual experiences and intuition of interior Truths happens. The “Present Time” is between the past and future, but at the same time includes both. Accordingly, Sufi Time is going on in the present “Moment”, the moment having no temporal dimension; therefore, it goes on in a place which has no extensions. Hence, Sufi Time means to be “present” in a place and time free from the regulations of ordinary place and time. It has its own existential features and characteristics. The main objective of the present article is to explore what the sense, quality, quiddity, and ontological respects of Sufi Time are, and what spatial-temporal features it has; the features that, eventually, at the mind of a Sufi will develop the time and space (the Present Moment- world of Dominion) which “coincidence” of the past, the present and the future, a contradiction in terms, is one of its features that dominates all his existential aspects. Regarding the research question, its history, and lack of related literature, the research method of the first part is descriptive-explanatory, and of the second part is descriptive-analytic. In doing so, we have relied on the views and terminology of mysticism so that we would unveil the meanings hidden in Iranian-Islamic mysticism and its rich culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Persian Writing in the Most Viewed Websites in Iran from a Technical Editing Point of View
vahid khaliliardali Mohammad hakimazar asgar rezaporianThe cyberspace and internet have caused so many problems for the national languages and writing systems all around the world due to the extensive access and the production of large-scale writing. There are not so many researches that have published accurate information MoreThe cyberspace and internet have caused so many problems for the national languages and writing systems all around the world due to the extensive access and the production of large-scale writing. There are not so many researches that have published accurate information based on statistics about the status of Persian writing in different cyberspace platforms (Web, Desktop, and Mobile). In this study, through the non-probabilistic purposive sampling methods, about 8000 sentences from a corpus of 50 of the most popular databases in the country were examined in ten separate topics. The degree of deviation from Standard Persian Writing was estimated based on the "technical editing" criteria. Results show that the most common mistakes according to technical editing indexes were as follows: rules of writing (39%), punctuation (30%), word independence (22%), spacing (6%), number writing (2%), typographical or typing mistakes (1%). Finally, solutions and suggestions were made to help improve writing correctly in cyberspace. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Internet and Radical Democracy: Introduction to the Formation of Radical Virtual Democracy
Meisam Ghahreman Majid Abbaszadeh MarzbaliPluralist radical democracy of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe is a way to end any kind of innate thought about political life; a way in which sporadic powers, parallel hegemonies and as a result various discourses are formed. Discourses whose predicates’ capacities t MorePluralist radical democracy of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe is a way to end any kind of innate thought about political life; a way in which sporadic powers, parallel hegemonies and as a result various discourses are formed. Discourses whose predicates’ capacities to satiation and saturating can turn them to hegemonic discourse; but something which seems very important in this radical democracy is that as a result of cultural development due to post-modernism and language games, otherness and plurality in society must be reserved in contest form. Authors believe that against the real world, this kind of contest can be applied in virtual space; hence we call it radical virtual democracy; a radical democracy which has great abilities to affect social and political life; therefore, the main question of this article which we try to answer is that, how is the formation and realization of radical virtual democracy caused by Internet? The hypothesis of the current writing is that the virtual space of Internet with its unique features like hypertext, hyper-network, interactional action and the decentralization of medium power which is assured by two features of access possibility to virtual identity and technical and non-exclusive skilled facilities, has the ability to form radical virtual democracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Analyzing "The Political" in Cyberspace From Arendt's Perspective *
As we are convinced about the role and impact of cyberspace and online social networks in human life today, we are more or less equally skeptical about the possibilities, capabilities, and effectiveness of cyberspace for political, democratic and civic change. Particula MoreAs we are convinced about the role and impact of cyberspace and online social networks in human life today, we are more or less equally skeptical about the possibilities, capabilities, and effectiveness of cyberspace for political, democratic and civic change. Particularly in the area of political theory, we need to think carefully about cyberspace through the wisdom and political theories to gain a proper understanding of the possibilities of online social networking for politics. This article is a research on the political possibilities of online social networks and evaluating the political implications of cyberspace from an Arendt perspective and its possible placement in the public domain or a virtual agora in relation to Arendt's concepts and minutes of politics. In this assessment, we analyze Hannah Arendt's perception of the political and try to clarify whether virtual social networks can facilitate real political action in a meaningful way or not. In other words, Are virtual networks for politics, opportunity or anti-political and threat? This study shows that while politics from Arendt perspective is inter-disciplinary, pluralistic, participatory, linguistic and dialogic, cyberspace and online social networks are more dominant in personal desires and livelihoods, inappropriateness, overcoming. The social, homogeneous and anti-pluralistic features make their political possibilities in serious doubt. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Arendt’s Political Thought and the Possibility of Change in International Relations
Homeira Moshirzadeh Arya MoknatAccording to mainstream IR theories and, in particular, realism, violence is and will remain to be an essential and inseparable part of international relations. All variations of realism view human nature and/or intentional system as inherently violent. Hannah Arendt’s MoreAccording to mainstream IR theories and, in particular, realism, violence is and will remain to be an essential and inseparable part of international relations. All variations of realism view human nature and/or intentional system as inherently violent. Hannah Arendt’s theory of political power as a non-violent and collective human action challenges this fundamental assumption and offers a new perspective on what constitutes the essence of politics. Arendt’s idea of “human condition” rejects all forms of essentialism with regard to human beings and opens up a theoretical space for a new understanding of international relations where human beings become the primary political agents (despite the fact that she sees the existing international relations more from a realist point of view). Contrary to mainstream IR theories in general, and to realism in particular, for Arendt the individuals, rather than the states, are ultimately the main players in international relations. In this paper, we bind different aspects of Arendt’s political thought together to offer a new theoretical perspective for a possible change in world politics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Cultural Analysis of Space in In Kurdish Residential Architecture; Case Study: Traditional Houses in Mukrian (The City of Sardasht)
Elham Rashidzadeh Foad HabibiSpace is one of the most important architectural issue whose form, structure and organization are directly related to culture. In fact, the aspects and components of culture in the built environment are appear in the form of space. It can be said that architecture organ MoreSpace is one of the most important architectural issue whose form, structure and organization are directly related to culture. In fact, the aspects and components of culture in the built environment are appear in the form of space. It can be said that architecture organizes the social and cultural laws inherent in customs and habits through the language of physical appearance and space. Therefore, the way of organization, order and type of spaces, in addition to representing the cultural background and identity of residents, also affects the social structure of the user of the space. The main purpose of this study is investigateting the nature of residential architecture in the region of Kurdistan Makri (Mokrian), with emphasis on the characteristics and features of the architectural space and how it is organized and arranged from the perspective of culture. To achieve this goal, using a qualitative method of ethnography, the totality of Kurdish culture is based on more tangible variables that affect the architectural space (lifestyle, family structure, gender role (status of women), privacy and the process of social relations) in the relationship with the shape of houses has been investigated. Architectural data collection (planning, sketching and photography) using the field method in relation to the shape of traditional houses (urban houses) in Sardasht, located in northwestern Iran, as a general example and studies of urban housing and verancular architecture The Kurdish region of Mokrian has been done. Therefore, in order to analyze the spatial structure, the space layout pattern and their diagram were drawn using Agraph software. Then, the correlation indices, Relative Asymmetry, Mean depth Cv (control) of the spaces were analyzed using mathematical relationships of spacetime for each sample. The general results of the research show that the traditional architecture of Mokrian region is a combination of introverted and extroverted architecture. In the urban houses of this region, the issue of privacy has a complex structure due to the specific culture of the Kurds, and most of the spaces have a public dimension. The status and position of women in the house and family system in terms of the number of spouses is very important in the way of space organization that reflects behaviors derived from their culture, local customs and social structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Cultural Sustainability, Density and Housing Typology; Case study : Residential Areas of Tabriz Metropolis
Islam Karami Mojtaba Rafieian Ali Javan Frozandeh Roshanak SakhiniaBy drawing on the tool of studying physical density and residential typology with reference to cultural dimensions, this study aims to examine the concept of culture, with particular emphasis on traditional and Islamic values (with qualitative nature), within both theor MoreBy drawing on the tool of studying physical density and residential typology with reference to cultural dimensions, this study aims to examine the concept of culture, with particular emphasis on traditional and Islamic values (with qualitative nature), within both theoretical and practical domains and bring it together with the complex and practical concept of physical density(with quantitative nature). In doing so, this study attempts to find strategies to guarantee the perpetual presence of culture in contemporary cities and particularly in residential setups (with qualitative/quantitative nature). The Spacemate is a tool based on the relation between density and structural forms in any scale under study which can assist architects, planners, and urban designers in their decision-making and design projects, where four quantitative indices of density can get involved simultaneously. In this study, not only this tool would be examined in relation to sustainability but also it will be used as a method in defining the relation between the types and sustainability itself. After a brief review on the related literature in three fields of typology, density and cultural sustainability, the study attempts to clarify the relationship between these three fields and the definition of qualitative indices, cultural sustainability and quantitative indices of physical density which relate to different types of residences. A typological approach to the issue of housing with regards to cultural debates can be instrumental because while proposing solutions and programming it can indicate which specific types are to be supported and which types to be prevented or restricted. In order to extract the dimensions and indices of cultural sustainability, qualitative concepts of residential sustainability in the domain of culture was surveyed and by utilizing the Delphi method, during two stages, the questionnaires completed by tens of experts in the field were assessed and selected. From among these concepts, six were detected as the most important concepts and were used during the analysis. Eleven samples from various points of residential spaces in the city of Tabriz were selected for the analysis as representatives of the different types while considering the geographical and cultural distribution of the city. After calculation and statistical analysis of the data, the degree of cultural sustainability of each sample was transferred to Spacemate and was interpreted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - A New Upper Bound for Free Space Optical Channel Capacity Using a Simple Mathematical in Equality
Arezu Rezazadeh Ghosheh Abed HodtaniIn this paper, by using a simple mathematical inequality, we derive a $ new upper bound fkr the capacity of$ free space optical channel in coherent case. Then, by applying general fading distribution, we obtain an upper bound for mutual information in non-coherent cas MoreIn this paper, by using a simple mathematical inequality, we derive a $ new upper bound fkr the capacity of$ free space optical channel in coherent case. Then, by applying general fading distribution, we obtain an upper bound for mutual information in non-coherent case. Finally, we derive the corresponding optimal input distributions for both coherent and non-coherent cases, compare the results with previous works numerically and illustrate that our results subsume some of previous results in special cases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Network RAM Based Process Migration for HPC Clusters
Hamid Sharifian msharifi msharifiProcess migration is critical to dynamic balancing of workloads on cluster nodes in any high performance computing cluster to achieve high overall throughput and performance. Most existing process migration mechanisms are however unsuccessful in achieving this goal pr MoreProcess migration is critical to dynamic balancing of workloads on cluster nodes in any high performance computing cluster to achieve high overall throughput and performance. Most existing process migration mechanisms are however unsuccessful in achieving this goal proper because they either allow once-only migration of processes or have complex implementations of address space transfer that degrade process migration performance. We propose a new process migration mechanism for HPC clusters that allows multiple migrations of each process by using the network RAM feature of clusters to transfer the address spaces of processes upon their multiple migrations. We show experimentally that the superiority of our proposed mechanism in attaining higher performance compared to existing comparable mechanisms is due to effective management of residual data dependencies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Accurate Fire Detection System for Various Environments using Gaussian Mixture Model and HSV Space
Khosro Rezaee Seyed Jalaleddin Mousavirad Mohammad Rasegh Ghezelbash Javad HaddadniaSmart and timely detection of fire can be very useful in coping with this phenomenon and its inhibition. Enhancing some image analysis methods such as converting RGB image to HSV image, smart selecting the threshold in fire separation, Gaussian mixture model, forming po MoreSmart and timely detection of fire can be very useful in coping with this phenomenon and its inhibition. Enhancing some image analysis methods such as converting RGB image to HSV image, smart selecting the threshold in fire separation, Gaussian mixture model, forming polygon the enclosed area resulted from edge detection and its combination with original image, this papers addresses fire detection. Accuracy and precision in performance and rapid detection of fire are among the features that distinguish this proposed system from similar fire detection systems such as Markov model, GM, DBFIR and other algorithms introduced in valid articles. The average accuracy (95%) resulted from testing 35000 frames in different fire environments and the high sensitivity (96%) was quite significant. This system be regarded as a reliable suitable alternative for the sensory set used in residential areas, but also the high speed image processing and accurate detection of fire in wide areas makes it low cost, reliable and appropriate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Farsi Conceptual Text Summarizer: A New Model in Continuous Vector Space
Mohammad Ebrahim Khademi Mohammad Fakhredanesh Seyed Mojtaba HoseiniTraditional methods of summarization were very costly and time-consuming. This led to the emergence of automatic methods for text summarization. Extractive summarization is an automatic method for generating summary by identifying the most important sentences of a text. MoreTraditional methods of summarization were very costly and time-consuming. This led to the emergence of automatic methods for text summarization. Extractive summarization is an automatic method for generating summary by identifying the most important sentences of a text. In this paper, two innovative approaches are presented for summarizing the Persian texts. In these methods, using a combination of deep learning and statistical methods, we cluster the concepts of the text and, based on the importance of the concepts in each sentence, we derive the sentences that have the most conceptual burden. In the first unsupervised method, without using any hand-crafted features, we achieved state-of-the-art results on the Pasokh single-document corpus as compared to the best supervised Persian methods. In order to have a better understanding of the results, we have evaluated the human summaries generated by the contributing authors of the Pasokh corpus as a measure of the success rate of the proposed methods. In terms of recall, these have achieved favorable results. In the second method, by giving the coefficient of title effect and its increase, the average ROUGE-2 values increased to 0.4% on the Pasokh single-document corpus compared to the first method and the average ROUGE-1 values increased to 3% on the Khabir news corpus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Using Static Information of Programs to Partition the Input Domain in Search-based Test Data Generation
Atieh Monemi Bidgoli Hassan haghighiThe quality of test data has an important effect on the fault-revealing ability of software testing. Search-based test data generation reformulates testing goals as fitness functions, thus, test data generation can be automated by meta-heuristic algorithms. Meta-heurist MoreThe quality of test data has an important effect on the fault-revealing ability of software testing. Search-based test data generation reformulates testing goals as fitness functions, thus, test data generation can be automated by meta-heuristic algorithms. Meta-heuristic algorithms search the domain of input variables in order to find input data that cover the targets. The domain of input variables is very large, even for simple programs, while this size has a major influence on the efficiency and effectiveness of all search-based methods. Despite the large volume of works on search-based test data generation, the literature contains few approaches that concern the impact of search space reduction. In order to partition the input domain, this study defines a relationship between the structure of the program and the input domain. Based on this relationship, we propose a method for partitioning the input domain. Then, to search in the partitioned search space, we select ant colony optimization as one of the important and prosperous meta-heuristic algorithms. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach in comparison with the previous work, we selected a number of different benchmark programs. The experimental results show that our approach has 14.40% better average coverage versus the competitive approach Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Investigating the role and effects of land management law in the geography of elections in the Islamic Republic of Iran
NAYERE AKHAVANThe preliminary plan of land management in Islamic Iran was considered in the 60's and was approved as the most important law in the five-year plan of the country. This law started from the fourth plan, completed in the fifth plan and continued in the sixth plan, but un MoreThe preliminary plan of land management in Islamic Iran was considered in the 60's and was approved as the most important law in the five-year plan of the country. This law started from the fourth plan, completed in the fifth plan and continued in the sixth plan, but unfortunately in the geography of provincial elections due to the partisanship of candidates, this law has not yet been implemented in the provincial development document, even the sea in land management law in Iran has been neglected, which is why the ports and islands of Islamic Iran have not been developed. And the geography of elections occasionally makes laws vulnerable. The effects of legislation in the geography of elections, if it is organized, a resistance economy occurs and guarantees 8% growth in the country. So far, this scientific attitude, which is accompanied by a philosophical thinking, has not been developed. Projects are wasted Land use planning as a long-term framework in planning should be based on various principles including defense and security considerations; environmental protection and restoration of natural resources; preservation of Islamic and Iranian identity and protection of cultural heritage; economic efficiency and effectiveness; unity And territorial integrity; expansion of social justice and regional balances; facilitation and regulation of internal and external relations of the country's economy; Be Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Cyberspace Pandemic and the Idea of Resistance
Seyedmohsen AlavipourDue to the appearance of the virtual world in recent decades, human life encountered a deep transformation which has led to a new life-typology and hence an alternative human-life. In such a world, the new societies, with bonds other than the classical socio-geographica MoreDue to the appearance of the virtual world in recent decades, human life encountered a deep transformation which has led to a new life-typology and hence an alternative human-life. In such a world, the new societies, with bonds other than the classical socio-geographical-political, connect people from all around the world in a new-established social order and even simultaneously in different societies. However, the point is due to the nature of the virtual world, such societies are not based on any human needs, but only the man’s desire which motivates him to subscribe to a new-established society in which solely the founders are the legitimate law-makers. So, unlike the real society, in such societies, due to the state of exception, the authority can issue any regulative rules and all the members are obliged to obey. Exploring the intellectual aspects of the human desire to voluntarily obey this kind of authority, the present study attempts to develop an alternative approach in which the members are allowed to actively participate in social ordering and restrict the exceptional attributions to the authority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Investigation of walkability criteria in the old neighborhoods of Isfahan Case study: Sang-tarash-ha neighborhood
Islam Karami Ehsan AbbasieWith the development of industry and the invention of cars, the walkability has lost its pivotal role in the design of urban spaces, and this has caused the spatial quality of public areas and sidewalks to be reduced compared to before. It seems that investigating examp MoreWith the development of industry and the invention of cars, the walkability has lost its pivotal role in the design of urban spaces, and this has caused the spatial quality of public areas and sidewalks to be reduced compared to before. It seems that investigating examples of existing urban spaces that are still attracting the Pedestrian population in field of walkability quality and investigation of the relationship between these components, provides the community with appropriate models for improving walkable neighborhoods. This research seeks to answer the question of which of the factors has caused the attraction of the pedestrian population in this neighborhood as a case study of this research. The aim of this study has been to investigate the walkability criteria in Sang-tarash-ha neighborhood by descriptive-analytical method using a questionnaire for simple image sampling. Quantitative analysis of the questionnaire data as well as qualitative conversion into quantitative components has been done by SPSS software. Concurrent by testing the research hypothesis, the degree of correlation and relationship between components has been investigated by Pearson and Regression tests. The results show that, there is a linear relationship between walkability components other than urban self-reliance. In terms of quality, the component of providing security and safety had the highest-grade point average among the walkability components so it can be concluded that attention to pedestrian security and safety in the physical design of the streets of this neighborhood is the greatest factor of the strong presence of pedestrians during the years of life of this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Jurisprudential and Legal Investigation of Digital Data Value and Ownership in Cyberspace
Seyed Alireza Foroughi Asma Hosseinzadeh SereshkiAbstract: In this study, we have classified digital data into three groups to precisely investigate digital data value and ownership: (1) Digital data with foreign likeness. Cyberspace is an environment for intellectual property such as computer software that are availa MoreAbstract: In this study, we have classified digital data into three groups to precisely investigate digital data value and ownership: (1) Digital data with foreign likeness. Cyberspace is an environment for intellectual property such as computer software that are available as digital data. (2) Big data that is naturally realizable outside the network but is available in cyberspace since it is large in volume and time-consuming for external handling. (3) Data such as domain and web hosting that are instruments for cyberspace and there is no foreign likeness for them and they have been created according to the requirements of the cyberspace. The value of the digital data is determined by the data’s economic value on one hand, and on the other hand, by inference to the types of properties in Fiqh and Islamic law. Ownership, too, in the context of full claim on digital data is acceptable due to the advantage of possessing it. In this study, we have studied each category under a certain legal system with respect to the characteristics of each category and qualities of properties according to Fiqh and Islamic law: The first and second groups – as intellectual rights – are placed under the principle of intellectual property and its rules of ownership. Cyberspace instruments shall be considered as the infrastructures such as hardware and the resulting benefits as well as ownership of such data will be investigated under civil property system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Reading Spaces Based on Michel Foucault Theory of Power-Space; Case Study of Naghsh e Jahan Square in Safavid Era
samar haghighi brojeni Seyed Abash Agha Yazdanfar Mostafa BehzadfarSpace is a multi-dimensional concept that is at once economic, political, semiotic and experiential, and in this sense it is an integral component of social interaction and an indispensable vector for critical theories. After 1980’s knowledge of space has become critica MoreSpace is a multi-dimensional concept that is at once economic, political, semiotic and experiential, and in this sense it is an integral component of social interaction and an indispensable vector for critical theories. After 1980’s knowledge of space has become critical to understanding the production and transformation of power relations, and in this regard the built environment is an important concept for any endeavor in social analysis. This paper explores the possibilities for development of social theories of space-power based on the theories of Michelde Foucault, coupled with methods of content analysis of urban spaces.The aim of this article is to explore how political poweris constructed in urban spaces, and how these construction processes might be conceptualised and analysed. The paper begins by exploring the Foucault theories of power-space to analyse and interpret the relationship between urban space and political power: how political powers implement to shape urban spaces, and improve their authority and legitimacy through spaces, in turn. These strategies can be defined in spatial technologies through founding of spatial structural and functional principles.Grounded on this analythical and interpretative study of Foucault theories of space and power relations, this paper seeks to demonstrate a conceptual framework which can be adapted to urban spaces content analyzing. The achievement of this research is to develop an appendant analysing method to elaborate a tool for the meaning analysis of spaces in architecture and urban design studies. This methodology is applied in a case study sample. The main strategies which are explored in the theoretical-based part of this study are tested in Naghsh e Jahan Squere’, a historic squerein the city of Isfahan, during Safavid era, specially the reign of Shah Abbas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The physical-spatial structure analysis of the social classes houses in Oil company town “Abadan” during the boom of the oil industry, with the method of space syntax
Golzar Yonesi Maryam Armaghan Mohamad Javad SaghafiThe large consumption of oil for energy has had important implications for urban development and globalization in the twentieth century. One of them was the creation of a company town and, consequently, new physical and spatial forms of housing in them. Much of this has MoreThe large consumption of oil for energy has had important implications for urban development and globalization in the twentieth century. One of them was the creation of a company town and, consequently, new physical and spatial forms of housing in them. Much of this has been done by British government, in the exploitation of oil and, consequently, the creation of the Oil Company town. Separated social classes based on social status and the special architecture associated with it are prominent features of the Oil Company town. The aim of this study was to investigate and identify the physical-spatial structure of the allocated spaces to each social class and compare changes in these existing social structures in “Abadan”, Is done by space syntax method.we used the qualitative, descriptive-analytical research method, and finally the logical reasoning based on statistical and quantitative data. Depth map software, in items such as depth, integeration, connectivity,control and distribution, have been used in the selected plans of each class. The results and findings comparatively show the adaptation of the social structure to the architecture structure. In these structures, from the working class to the lesser masters, the structure has moved towards extroversion and fundamental change with its traditional form, and the separation and classification of spaces and the creation of spatial hierarchy, as well as individualism and privacy, in the working class to the bosses, according to the data. Software and analytics have increased step by step, and as of today, existing homes are getting closer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Normative analysis of precipitation characteristics and Iranian water resources in the texts of Iranian geographers
mohammad hosein ramesht Farokh Malekzadeh Somayeh Sadat shahzeidiGeographical researchers provide normative interpretations, of the territorial characteristics of Iran. According to most writings, the amount of precipitation in Iran is less than one-third of the global average. When it comes to the time of precipitation, it is contra MoreGeographical researchers provide normative interpretations, of the territorial characteristics of Iran. According to most writings, the amount of precipitation in Iran is less than one-third of the global average. When it comes to the time of precipitation, it is contrasted with the time of water need, and regarding the spatial distribution and pattern of the precipitation, the heterogeneous distribution is considered along with random and flood patterns. Now the question is that whether we are allowed to offer normative interpretations of this situation as scientific researchers, and if there are appropriate strategies that can turn these characteristics into opportunities. The present study has tried to answer these questions by relying on the phenomenological method and analyzing the texts of 50 works by Iranian geographers based on the Janet method along with the use of central core indicators, maximum repetitions, Brust Detection, and centrality of the CiteSpace. The results of the study show that: • Normative loading is not permissible in the field of science for identifying the precipitation characteristics and water resources of Iran; • The climatic characteristics of a region shape its territorial identity, and strategic planning policies should be a function of it; and • Normative analysis of the climatic characteristics of Iran is mostly the product of the dominant positivism of Iranian geographers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Murder and Typification of the forgiveness (A Case Study of Guilan)
Main purpose this research is “Typification of the forgiveness based on inductive strategy”. In this strategy, the interviewees perception about the forgivness by interpretivism approach have been investigated. This research has been with qualitative method and purp MoreMain purpose this research is “Typification of the forgiveness based on inductive strategy”. In this strategy, the interviewees perception about the forgivness by interpretivism approach have been investigated. This research has been with qualitative method and purposive sampling, and individual and group (Focus group) interviews. According to the logic of theoretical saturation, twenty seven individually and three group were interviewed. Then researcher analyzed interviews with method thematic analyze. Overall,the findings indicates that there are two general type of forgiveness.The first is self- oriented forgiveness and the second is other- oriented forgiveness . In the first part exist various species such as: Forgiveness oppositions, forgiveness supporters, replaced forgiveness and intent - oriented forgiveness. Other-oriented forgiveness can observe types three: forgivenes oppositions, reluctantly Forgiveness and intent-oriented forgiveness. People reacted to the murder of their close relatives to criminal calculate and assess the benefits of forgiveness and revenge, and then act.Based on the research findings the forgivness is time and space, because it depend to the position of the offender or the victim and the time between the crime and punishment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Improving the Quality Level of Urban Public Spaces With Social Justice Approach (Case Study: Neighborhood of Tehran Municipality Area)
karamatollah ziyariSocial justice is rooted in spatial and environmental justice. And the lack of access of parts of the city to public spaces will deprive residents of existing facilities that indicate injustice. The present study is a descriptive - analytic research method. In this rega MoreSocial justice is rooted in spatial and environmental justice. And the lack of access of parts of the city to public spaces will deprive residents of existing facilities that indicate injustice. The present study is a descriptive - analytic research method. In this regard, by identifying 9 indicators including access to educational, medical, police, main communication networks, parks and green spaces, and ... to assess the quality level of the public spaces in the area of Desaqib district in District 4 of District 1 of the Municipality of Tehran with emphasis On the subject will be access. The method of analysis of this research is Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the analysis tool is also an expert choice and GIS. The results of the research show that public spaces located in the central and eastern neighborhoods have an inappropriate situation for social justice. It requires the use of public spaces and public spaces, especially the religious, medical, police, and public transportation areas. Finally, there are suggestions and strategies for improving the quality of public spaces in the neighborhood Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Protecting the rights of the virtual citizen for the rights of citizens
Nafiseh Nekouie Mehr Atefeh Hosseini FardVirtual citizen is one of the concepts that is being evaluated today on various topics. The virtual citizen or the electronic citizen also has the rights and duties that it is obliged to observe in order to restore order in society. Perhaps some of the uncertain nature MoreVirtual citizen is one of the concepts that is being evaluated today on various topics. The virtual citizen or the electronic citizen also has the rights and duties that it is obliged to observe in order to restore order in society. Perhaps some of the uncertain nature and idiosyncrasies of some users may be seen as a reason for not respecting the rights of citizenship in cyberspace and are allowed to commit any offense, abuse or misconduct. It should be noted that in the last decade, virtual identity may not have clearly been the true identity of individuals, however, the growth of social networks and the transfer of individual interactions in group networks or on-line multimedia devices has led individuals to move towards their actual representation on the basis of limits in the real world, and to introduce themselves, as in the real world, with their real identities. The current paper examines the rights of citizenship in the virtual world, addressing the challenges ahead. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Protecting privacy in cyberspace by emphasizing ethical and legal principles
hasan badini qafour khoeini hamzeh karamiEducating privacy and adhering to code of ethics in cyberspace is an important and challenging issue because it is a global, high-speed, accessible, transcendent, transcendental, fluid, augmented and dense reality; Ethical rules and order become more important. At the l MoreEducating privacy and adhering to code of ethics in cyberspace is an important and challenging issue because it is a global, high-speed, accessible, transcendent, transcendental, fluid, augmented and dense reality; Ethical rules and order become more important. At the lower level, at least in the national cyberspace, binding ethical codes need to be approved by the Majlis to become binding law. However, in the cyber space, the issue of disseminating information that is the nature of this environment seems to conflict with the right to privacy. The principles, rules and softwares of the cyber environment have been formulated primarily to facilitate and expedite communication. Whereas in the real environment, the core of morality is the provision of material and spiritual well-being. Thus, in cyber-space privacy violations, especially where the breach is merely cyber-infringement and not real-life cyberbullying, there appears to be an inherent philosophy of cyberspace that facilitates the enforcement of law, which facilitates Is the diffusion and exchange of information, Deterrence should be considered ethical as far as possible, but assumed that breach of privacy in cyberspace will result in material and intellectual damages to individuals; It used civil and criminal bail guarantees in response to them Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Recognition of the location of holy shrines in the structure of the city and its effects on the formation of religious rituals (Case study: Shrine of Ali Ibn Mahziar in Ahvaz)
Mohammad ebrahim Mazhari Fattemeh Poodat Hadi SoltanifardHolding rituals in the city is a reflection of collective life that strengthens social connectivity. Sacred places and shrines are an influential element in the construction and interconnectedness of Iranian cities. Religious shrines are the gathering places of differen MoreHolding rituals in the city is a reflection of collective life that strengthens social connectivity. Sacred places and shrines are an influential element in the construction and interconnectedness of Iranian cities. Religious shrines are the gathering places of different groups of people which link the flow of ceremonies and rituals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the position of Ali Ibn Mahziar’s tomb in the physical-spatial structure of Ahvaz and its effect on the formation of religious rituals, especially the mourning ceremonies of Tasua and Ashura within Ahvaz. This research is of descriptive-analytical type and employs methods of observation and field perceptions as well as reviewing the results of spatial arrangement analysis and graph modelling in order to study the adaptation of currents related to religious rites (for the movement of mourning delegations) and the existing city structure and especially the location of the shrine of Ali ibn Mahziar. Therefore, after field surveys, initial modelling was performed using graph theory approach and data analysis with centrality index and BC and DC scales, and then applying integration, connectivity and choice, space syntax analysis of Ahvaz city was implemented. The results show that the shrine of Ali ibn Mahziar plays a central role in attracting mourners from different parts of the city and strengthening social interactions and the presence of citizens. The focal position of the shrine in the configuration of the city reveals the close relation of this effective spatial element with the social patterns of the city, which over time, despite the changes, is still at the center of rituals and social interactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Investigating privacy in the open spaces of traditional houses in Mazandaran using space syntax technique
Rouhollah Rahimi Seyed Mohsen Moosavi Mahdieh Beyshami Sahar Amini GoharriziHome is the most important place to restore peace and revitalize human life. It is a place to be with family, social interactions, relax, do favorite activities and get rid of daily human tensions. With the passage of time and the advancement of technology, many definit MoreHome is the most important place to restore peace and revitalize human life. It is a place to be with family, social interactions, relax, do favorite activities and get rid of daily human tensions. With the passage of time and the advancement of technology, many definitions of our daily lives have changed. A concept that is still firmly preserved is the concept of human privacy. Traditional Iranian architects have tried to design houses while maintaining the principles of privacy in open and closed spaces of houses, but over time, with the growth of apartment living, development of construction technology and the integration of Western culture with Iranian-Islamic culture, observance of privacy in homes, especially in open spaces, has declined. Mazandaran province is one of the regions that has undergone many inappropriate construction changes. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role and knowledge of the components affecting the syntax of space on the open spaces of traditional houses in Mazandaran. This study seeks to find physical patterns of privacy in the open spaces of Mazandaran houses by extracting patterns of privacy in Mazandaran houses. In this research, first, through field studies, patterns are found and then, using the space syntax technique and Depthmap software, the indices of depth, connection and interconnection and isoust in the building will be studied. The results of the present study showed that open space has an important and fundamental role on the level of spatial privacy and also the geometry and location of the yard relative to the building has a double effect on the visibility of observers to different spaces of the house. In such a way that the yards that have irregular geometry and are located in the middle, back and side sections, the visibility of the entrance door to different parts of the house is minimized and also the privacy is increased by increasing the depth and caution index in traditional open house he does. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Developing a Model Based on the Applications of Organizationl Informational Portal in E-Commerce Corporate Workspace
Leila Malekpour AmirReza Konjkav Monfared Saeed Saeida ArdekaniConcerning the expanding online communication bandwidth and the importance of using enterprise portals and the attention to information management in organizations based on E-Commerce, in the orded to increase productivity and competitive power, effective and efficient MoreConcerning the expanding online communication bandwidth and the importance of using enterprise portals and the attention to information management in organizations based on E-Commerce, in the orded to increase productivity and competitive power, effective and efficient use of organizational information portals is essential. To this end, the purpose of this research is to identify and build a relationship using structural-interpretive modeling between the functions of an organization’s information portal to increase productivity in the online business workspace. This research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive terms of nature. For this purpose, in the first step, the dimensions of the model, theoretical literature, and interviewing with experts including professors and related specialists (management and IT) were identified. In the next step, a structural-interpretive modeling method was used in order to build a relationship between the dimensions and the model presentation. In this method, the research model was presented based on expert’s opinions and analysis. The research results illustrate the process of acquiring knowledge management through other identified functions of organizational information portals in the workspace, showing that communication with professionals leads to three dimensions of faster and more structured access to information as well as collaboration that will create integrated information. Finally, this knowledge management is formed through integrated information. Overall, the research showed that using organizational information portals and optimizing its applications at the company level can be achieved one of the most important components in the management of online business companies that is knowledge management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Instagram Child Labor Concept: A Study on Iranian Children on Cyber Space
Atefeh Aghaei Zahra RezaniaInstagram is considered a new medium context where users involving parents and children are able to actively act. Instagram Child Labor is a new phenomenon on cyberspace where children are exploited by their parents to be of use by expressing various aspects of their bi MoreInstagram is considered a new medium context where users involving parents and children are able to actively act. Instagram Child Labor is a new phenomenon on cyberspace where children are exploited by their parents to be of use by expressing various aspects of their biological life. With this in mind, media power is capable of creating a concept of child as well as behaving to the detriment of children in favor of businesses and family wealth. This study aims at identifying the meaning of "Instagram Child Labor" and what it collocates with. To this purpose, eight influencer pages working on children scope were picked out to be analyzed qualitatively utilizing MAX QDA. The results indicate that children’s body and communications equal to "display means", "mothers’ identity and brand maker", "a means to advertise" and moreover, children’s personal information is akin to "a way to satisfy children’s curiosity" that with the prior one create the concept of Instagram Child Labor so that families become more lucrative by helping advertising firms make more followers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Responsibility of Governments and Mechanisms for Protecting Children's Rights in Cyberspace
Mohammad Reza HosseiniThe increasing development of cyberspace and the use of ICTs have had an effective role in the production, dissemination and transmission of information and have provided the community with access to online content. As such, cyberspace is an enabling tool to promote fun MoreThe increasing development of cyberspace and the use of ICTs have had an effective role in the production, dissemination and transmission of information and have provided the community with access to online content. As such, cyberspace is an enabling tool to promote fundamental freedoms such as freedom of speech, freedom of access to information and an effective means of promoting human rights, however, at the same time it can provide the conditions for breach, violation or restriction of individual's rights. Amongst them, children's rights, as the most vulnerable segment of society, are often abused and invaded. In the contemporary world, children spend a great deal of time on educational, leisure and entertainment activities in cyberspace and online. In this space with the expanse of its domain, anonymity, the high speed, the lack of borders, the lack of mechanisms of government oversight, would have an intensive impact on the domain of users' cognition and perception and pose special risks to individuals, especially children and adolescents. Therefore, the rights of the child must be protected by governments, non-governmental organizations, civil institutions and other child affairs authorities. The main question of this study is what are the positive and negative obligations of governments to protect children in cyberspace under international customary law and internationally accredited documents? What technical, legal and structural mechanisms are available to protect children against online' damages? What has been the practice of governments and international institutions and civil society in protecting children's rights on the one hand and maintaining a free flow of information and freedom of expression on the other? To answer these questions, the researcher uses a descriptive method to provide a coherent legal framework for protecting children in cyberspace. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Data Credibility and Electronic Records in The Face of Rights of the Child in Cyber Space
Mostafa Mandegar Reza Zareie Masoud Reza Ranjbar Sahraei Merhzad RazmiAfter the emergence of innovative information technologies and them casting a shadow upon people’s lives, the effects of this gift on many aspects of individual and social life will become apparent and its domain will expand to an extent that some Pillars of personal an MoreAfter the emergence of innovative information technologies and them casting a shadow upon people’s lives, the effects of this gift on many aspects of individual and social life will become apparent and its domain will expand to an extent that some Pillars of personal and public rights of individuals and nations will be under its sphere of influence. The issue of rights of the child have such great significance that many international documents focus on them and a convention under the name of the Convention on the Rights of the Child has been assembled upon basis of which children in need will receive more protection. Also, anything that would threaten the personal future and reputation of the child needs to be reexamined, because by publishing content in cyber space a proof and document of a an event is created in an endless space in which the deletion of said data is almost impossible; therefore the preservation of dignity and protection of children’s rights in cyber space is a fundamental issue that needs special examination. Thus in this study which is conducted in an analytical-descriptive manner, the focus is on the subject of the right of the children in cyber space by relying on the laws regarding electronic trade in Iran, Convention on the Right of the Child and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights with focus on credibility of data and electronic records. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Iran's penal policy towards providing security for children in cyberspace
Seyed Abbas Khalilpour ChalkiasariThe astonishing advancement of information technology in the early years of the twenty-first century has brought about countless changes in the various fields and opened another door to the new world so that all human economic, social, political, cultural and scientific MoreThe astonishing advancement of information technology in the early years of the twenty-first century has brought about countless changes in the various fields and opened another door to the new world so that all human economic, social, political, cultural and scientific activities are fundamentally changed. Law is also a branch of the humanities that regulates human relations in the context of collective life. It has developed laws to prevent children from unsecured entering the virtual world and legal measures to protect them. Adopting a distinct approach to the substantive criminal law of cybercrime can minimize harm to children and adolescents by prevention. In the meantime, questions and doubts have been raised about the limits of freedom of use of the Internet for children, the limits of free flow of information against child users, protection of child privacy in cyberspace and finally the role of legal regulations to protect this vulnerable group that easily can be exploited in this boundless world. In this research, through data collection tools and using library and internet resources with rational analysis of the content to study the legislative policy of criminal law on criminal security for children in cyberspace, in comparison with the iranian legal system and international documents, in order to better confront and prevent these crimes, the issues and problems and the strengths and weaknesses of the enacted laws are presented and suggestions and solutions for solving these problems are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Children, Teenagers and Cyberspace: The Impact of Internet Dependence on Intergenerational Rupture
Maryam Sha’ban Seyed Mohammad HosseiniThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between internet dependence and intergenerational rupture in high school girls; for this purpose, 300 female high school students were selected by random cluster sampling from schools in the sixth district of Tehra MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between internet dependence and intergenerational rupture in high school girls; for this purpose, 300 female high school students were selected by random cluster sampling from schools in the sixth district of Tehran. The research method was quantitative with a survey research design. "Internet Dependence" and "Parent-Child Relationship Scale" questionnaires were used to collect data. Statistical analysis of this study was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that there is a significant and inverse relationship between internet dependence and parent-child relationship in high school girls. As the Internet dependence increases in this sample, the father-child relationship and the mother-child relationship decrease. In addition, among the components of the father-child relationship, paternal relationship and paternal intimacy, and among the components of the mother-child relationship, positive maternal affection and maternal relationship, there is a significant correlation with internet dependence at the level (P <0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The Impact of Teaching Program of Philosophy for Children upon the Development of Critical Thinking in Using Cyberspace
Maryam SolgiEducation is considered to be one of the most important activities of human being in all communities. The increasing spread of social structure and the demand for training and preparing the people for a life in progress on the one hand, and the existence of different ap MoreEducation is considered to be one of the most important activities of human being in all communities. The increasing spread of social structure and the demand for training and preparing the people for a life in progress on the one hand, and the existence of different approaches concerning the role of man in the present age on the other hand, more than ever, have prompted the upholders of teaching systems to undertake the guidance and organization of teaching process. Modern education seeks to focus on promoting critical and proper methods of reasoning and thought in curriculum. Rapid changes of societies, increasing growth of information, intrusion of cyberspace into human life and necessity of proper confrontation with these changes prompt us to think properly and develop our imaginal faculty and judgment in order to come to term with these changes. In this regard, three decades ago, a program of teaching philosophy for children was worked out in order to modify and strengthen their intellectual power. This program is considered to be one of the latest methods for strengthening the reasoning, judging and detecting power of children as well. Moreover, this program possesses certain cognitive and social objectives and its main objective is to teach thinking method for children. To meet this end, a kind of qualitative method of study has been adopted in collecting data in this work. The conclusions of this study indicate that in this program a great attention has been made to various dimensions of philosophical mind. But keeping in view the changes in the field of internet technologies and cyberspaces and the confrontation of children with these developments, they should be guided through this program toward criticizing the information that come to their mind. More important, threat of cyberspace against children is an important factor for drawing the attention of the educationists to this crucial issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - A Study of the Place of Cyberspace in Education: Opportunities and Threats
Kobra Ahmadvand Zahra Taghyzade Ghavam Samane Dastforoshan Soheila Gholami HaredashtiThe present world is subjected to an increasing changes, and in this event, cyberspace has a great role to play. Basically, any change in different fields, including cultural and educational ones, may bring in its wake certain effects and consequences proportionate to i MoreThe present world is subjected to an increasing changes, and in this event, cyberspace has a great role to play. Basically, any change in different fields, including cultural and educational ones, may bring in its wake certain effects and consequences proportionate to its aims and functions, and cyberspace is not exceptional in this regard. Cyberspace apart from creating some opportunities may face certain challenges as well. Since education organization turns out to be one of the most effective factor in training children, it enjoys a particular place, and so the use of cyberspace seems to be inevitable. The present paper is aimed at exploring the place of cyberspace in education, and casting some light on its opportunities and threats in a descriptive and documental method. So if we learn to exploit it properly, we will be saved from its negative impacts. As an opportunity, cyberspace can bring about as a virtual training means, expenditure reduction, speeding up and unifying of data collection, and so on and so forth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Sociological analysis of the effect of cyberspace on students' academic achievement
sayyed atollah sinaee sara mousavi mashhadiThe growing use of digital technologies has made cyberspace and social networks an important part of people's daily lives. In addition, digital technologies and cyberspace have revolutionized the tools, methods, and content of learning in education systems. At the same MoreThe growing use of digital technologies has made cyberspace and social networks an important part of people's daily lives. In addition, digital technologies and cyberspace have revolutionized the tools, methods, and content of learning in education systems. At the same time, the study of the dimensions and effects of the widespread use of communication and information technologies has been the focus of researchers from the beginning and the present study pursues such a goal. This research was conducted by correlation research method and a questionnaire. The statistical population includes all female students in the first year of high school, district two of education in Mashhad, in the academic year 1300-1400. The sample size was selected based on Morgan formula 380 people and information was collected using available sampling method. Findings of this study show that the motivation for the development of the user group in cyberspace and social networks was higher than the average motivation for the development of the non-user group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Realism of Cyberspace: A Philosophical Analysis of Virtual Reality with an Emphasis on the Principles of the Transcendent Philosophy
Mahdi GanjvarFrom an ontological point of view, cyberspace should be considered a domain of original and effective reality which, given its vast growth, has exercised great influence on different aspects of modern human life. A study of the ontological dimensions of this realm of re MoreFrom an ontological point of view, cyberspace should be considered a domain of original and effective reality which, given its vast growth, has exercised great influence on different aspects of modern human life. A study of the ontological dimensions of this realm of reality is important for different reasons. Undoubtedly, toady a significant part of human life is affected by the various manifestations of cyberspace. Moreover, this phenomenon has influenced multiple angles of human thought and behavior and introduced a new lifestyle for contemporary human beings and later generations. The present study, while investigating the virtual world from an ontological point of view and providing a metaphysical analysis of this realm, tries to rationally demonstrate that cyberspace is a real entity enjoying objectivity and truth relying on its effects on human nature and destiny. Later, based on the logical principle of “By their fruit you will recognize them”, the author first explains and emphasizes the objective effects and concomitants of cyberspace, and then discloses some angles of this secret and complicated reality based on Sadrian principles. The realism of cyberspace can suggest the idea that virtual reality is similar to a kind of existence in Islamic philosophy called the “world of Ideas” or the “world of quantitative forms”. This is because, irrespective of the differences between these two phenomena, virtual reality is also based on numbers and quantitative forms. Moreover, similar to the world of ideas, there is no trace of matter in this realm of being (cyberspace), whereas the effects and concomitants of matter can be witnessed there. The smallest philosophical outcome of exploring virtual reality is that, by revealing a realm of being including both immaterial and subtle forms, it prepares contemporary Man to perceive and experience “abstract truths” and accept holy, immaterial, and intangible affairs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Editor's Note
Seyyed Mohammad KhameneiCyberspace coronavirus Natural order The divine systemCyberspace coronavirus Natural order The divine system Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - How to deal with “ Management of Mind Change” under the Modernisationsparadigm in the Globalizationsspace
محمد رضا مشایخBackground and objective: The result of “global paradigm shift” is birth of new minds and naturally the emersion of a newly global human world – Class society. Paradigm shifts originate from the change of 9 fold paradigm components (Theology, ontology, anthropology, ep MoreBackground and objective: The result of “global paradigm shift” is birth of new minds and naturally the emersion of a newly global human world – Class society. Paradigm shifts originate from the change of 9 fold paradigm components (Theology, ontology, anthropology, epistemology, axiology, methodology, deontology, practicism, eventualism). Paradigm shifts are among the most important methods of making fundamental changes in the society. These changes take place in “Background”, “Contents”, and “structure” of the mind. Thus by subtilization and manipulation of " Management of Mind Change “ and using soft tools and soft technology, it is possible to humanize, socialize, civilize, systemize, globalize and lead mankind and societies to desired objectives. In other words, the world is constantly giving birth to new mentalities and interactions; confrontations and dispute of conceptual models in the concrete world. Research methodology and Findings: In this study with the presentation of globalization in modernism and a comparative study of postmodern and divine globalization, the portrait of a postmodern and divine man is extracted in humanist and divine paradigms and it is contemplated and judged by scholars. The type of qualitative research is based on analytical-descriptive study with using comparative text examination and post analysis of collected data libraries. The final result of the study is that mental imperialism attempts to change the constituents of the paradigm overwhelming the mentalities of the target societyin Kurt Lewin’s three step transformation process “Unfreezing-transition-freezing” and comparing it with Dusterandobill’s model (1997) in which the beginning chain of this processis triggering stream of consciousness in minds of scientists, strategists, professors and intellectuals of the subject society Conclusion: According to Imam Ali (AS) in sermon 27 of the noble NahjulBalagahe “No one will be degraded and despicable unless one who has fought against the foe in his homeland” and also based on Imam Khomeini’s order regarding the exportion of “spirituality & revolution” instead of mere defense in homeland, the necessity of soft invasion, adaption of the universal doctrine for soft war in mental peculiarities in enemy’s land in order to prepare the global atmosphere for the emersion of the world’s savior (Aj) has appeared so as to prevent the intrusion of “humanist anti-values” in the public mentality of divine societies and to stop the gradual transition of mental, cultural, values, identity, philosophical, behavioral, and structural models of the Islamic societies in order for the free people of the world such as Muslims and Islamic society not to be compromised by the cultural invasion of the hegemonic system. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Qualitative Analysis of the Socio-Economic Impacts of Construction of ShahidBagheri Square Multi-storey Parking
Aadel AbdollahiThis study was aimed to analyze the social and economic impacts of the construction of multi-storey parking in ShahidBagheri Square, South Yaftabad District, Tehran. The methodology of this study was qualitative and the data were collected through observation and interv MoreThis study was aimed to analyze the social and economic impacts of the construction of multi-storey parking in ShahidBagheri Square, South Yaftabad District, Tehran. The methodology of this study was qualitative and the data were collected through observation and interview techniques with a focus on the interpretations of the participants. The data collection process continued until it reached a theoretical saturation. In this process, 47 technical experts, officials, key informants and local residents were interviewed both in person and within a discussions group. The Findingsrevealed that not only the effectiveness of this construction project but also the manageability of its impacts depend on consideration of socio-economic status of Yaftabad neighborhood residents. Therefore, suggestions derived from present study are as follow:Renting parking lots based on the common price in the South Yaftabad neighborhood with a fair pricing mechanism;Strengthening intra- and inter-organizational coordination by emphasizing on social participation; Incorporating construction of a neighborhood hall -SarayeMahalle- into this project for addressing the social and cultural needs of the residents;Utilizing the parking building as a local cultural heritage bulletin; Preventing spaces from gettingunprotected and indefensibleby including green spaces or playgrounds in building plan; reinforcing social interactions and local identity byturning some parts of the parking to a local hangout as a hub of local and social communication. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Social and cultural Impact Assessment of Sports Complexes: A Case Study of Narmak Sports Complex
Ma’soumeh MohaqeqMontazeriOne of the biggest problems facing cities, especially large ones is inadequate share and distribution of sports facilities due to the size of urban population and insufficient government budget. Construction of Narmak Sports Complex is one of the projects that have been MoreOne of the biggest problems facing cities, especially large ones is inadequate share and distribution of sports facilities due to the size of urban population and insufficient government budget. Construction of Narmak Sports Complex is one of the projects that have been implemented with the aim of developing sports and leisure areaaligned with the Comprehensive Master-plan for Tehran City and the Detailed Plan of Region 8. It also aimed to transform a polluted site into a service area.The present study seeks to identify the social and cultural impacts of this project and to estimate the positive and negative outcomes within the project-affected area. This research took a mixed approach combining documentary and field methods, and tools such as observation, in-depth and semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and focused group discussions were used to collect data.The findings of this study show that besides positive impacts such as increasing sports spaceper capita, eliminating environmental pollution, improving the urban landscape, reducing household costs, reducing perceived public insecurity, enriching leisure activity patterns, etc., this projectalso has negative impacts such as reducing market share of pre-existing sports complexes, causing traffic problems due to lack of parking space and increasing traffic jams in the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Application of Neuro Space Mapping in Modeling Semiconductor Devices
M. Gordi Armaki S. E. Hosseini Mohammad Kazem AnvarifardIn this paper an efficient method for modeling semiconductor devices using the drift-diffusion (DD) model and neural network is presented. Unlike HD model which is complicated, time consuming with high processing cost, the proposed method has lower complexity and higher MoreIn this paper an efficient method for modeling semiconductor devices using the drift-diffusion (DD) model and neural network is presented. Unlike HD model which is complicated, time consuming with high processing cost, the proposed method has lower complexity and higher simulate speed. In our method, a RBF neural network is used to modify DD parameters. The modified DD model can generate simulate results of accurate HD model. The proposed method is first applied to a silicon n-i-n diode in one dimension, and then to a silicon thin-film MOSFET in two dimensions, both for interpolation and extrapolation. The obtained results for basic variables, i.e., electron and potential distribution for different voltages, confirm the high efficiency of the proposed method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Blind Number of Active Users Estimation and Synchronization in CDMA Systems with Unequal Power’s Signal on Flat Fading Channel
S. Ghavami V. TabatabvakiliBlind estimation of number of active users and synchronization of those have important role in identification of system’s parameters, for the spectrum surveillance system design of multi-user direct sequence spread spectrum systems. For the number of active user estimat MoreBlind estimation of number of active users and synchronization of those have important role in identification of system’s parameters, for the spectrum surveillance system design of multi-user direct sequence spread spectrum systems. For the number of active user estimation, signal’s eigenvalues of the received signal covariance matrix is distinguished from those of noise using an adaptive threshold. Analytical results and computer simulations show that signal of users with limited received power difference (less than 1.5 dB) can be synchronized using maximizing the Frobenious norm of the received signal covariance matrix. Moreover, this method is robust against of the carrier frequency offset which is due to Doppler shift in the carrier frequency of different users. By increasing difference among received powers of processed signals, performance of this method will be degraded. Hence, an iterative algorithm for interference cancellation of users with higher received power is proposed, which can be synchronize and estimate the number of active users with lower received power. The proposed method for number of active user estimation reduces computational complexity in comparison with the traditional methods for number of active user estimation, such as MDL and AIC, while keep the accuracy of estimation in low SNR regime. The performance of blind synchronization method in the flat fading channel is degraded; hence, a multi-antenna receiver is proposed to improve the probability of correct synchronization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Optimal Operation of Energy Hub Using Model Predictive Control
Z. Hashemi A. Ramezani M. Parsa-MoghaddamEnergy hub (EH) concept is widely proposed for integrating different types of energy infrastructures. EH physically consists of some storage systems and converters receiving energy from multiple sources immediately from its upper grids and provides energy services for u MoreEnergy hub (EH) concept is widely proposed for integrating different types of energy infrastructures. EH physically consists of some storage systems and converters receiving energy from multiple sources immediately from its upper grids and provides energy services for ultimate consumers. In this paper a state space model for EH system is proposed. Due to the dynamic behavior loads and the price uncertainties, a Model Predictive Control approach is suggested for optimal performance. The proposed method is studied on a EH that consists of transformer, boiler, CHP, electrical and heat storages considering demand side management. Finally, the simulation results depicts to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for optimal operation of the EH. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Model-Based Classification of Emotional Speech Using Non-Linear Dynamics Features
A. Harimi A. Ahmadyfard A. Shahzadi K. YaghmaieRecent developments in interactive and robotic systems have motivated researchers for recognizing human’s emotion from speech. The present study aimed to classify emotional speech signals using a two stage classifier based on arousal-valence emotion model. In this metho MoreRecent developments in interactive and robotic systems have motivated researchers for recognizing human’s emotion from speech. The present study aimed to classify emotional speech signals using a two stage classifier based on arousal-valence emotion model. In this method, samples are firstly classified based on the arousal level using conventional prosodic and spectral features. Then, valence related emotions are classified using the proposed non-linear dynamics features (NLDs). NLDs are extracted from the geometrical properties of the reconstructed phase space of speech signal. For this purpose, four descriptor contours are employed to represent the geometrical properties of the reconstructed phase space. Then, the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is used to compress the information of these contours into a set of low order coefficients. The significant DCT coefficients of the descriptor contours form the proposed NLDs. The classification accuracy of the proposed system has been evaluated using the 10-fold cross-validation technique on the Berlin database. The average recognition rate of 96.35% and 87.18% were achieved for females and males, respectively. By considering the total number of male and female samples, the overall recognition rate of 92.34% is obtained for the proposed speech emotion recognition system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Semi-Supervised Metric Learning in Stratified Space by Accurate Exploiting of Prior Knowledge
Z. Karimi S. Shiry Ghidary R. RamezaniSemi-supervised metric learning has attracted increasing interest in recent years. They enforce smoothness label assumption on the manifold. However, they suffer from two challenges: (1) since data in each class lies on one manifold and the similarity between classes le MoreSemi-supervised metric learning has attracted increasing interest in recent years. They enforce smoothness label assumption on the manifold. However, they suffer from two challenges: (1) since data in each class lies on one manifold and the similarity between classes leads the intersection between manifolds, the smoothness assumption on the manifold is violated in intersecting regions. (2) 1NN classifier, which is applied for predicting the label of classes in metric learning methods, is suffered from the rare of labeled data and has not suitable accuracy. In this paper, a novel method for learning semi-supervised metric in the stratified space has been proposed that exploit the prior knowledge, which is the smoothness assumption on each manifold, more accurate than existing methods. In the metric learning stage, it doesn’t apply smoothness assumption on the intersecting regions and in the classification stage, labeled data in the interior regions of manifolds are extended based on the smoothness assumption. The different behavior of the Laplacian of piecewise smooth function on stratified space is exploited for the distinction of the intersecting regions from interior regions of manifolds. The results of experiments verify the improvement of the classification accuracy of the proposed method in the comparison with other methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Design and Implementation of Brushless DC Motor Drive Using Current Source Inverter Based on Space Vector Modulation Strategy
S. Paksaz A. Halvaei NiasarToday, the brushless DC motors (BLDCs) have been widely used in industry due to their unique advantages. These motors are generally fed from voltage source inverters (VSIs). These inverters have a very simple structure, but have problems such as unwanted short circuit a MoreToday, the brushless DC motors (BLDCs) have been widely used in industry due to their unique advantages. These motors are generally fed from voltage source inverters (VSIs). These inverters have a very simple structure, but have problems such as unwanted short circuit across dc-bus and using bulky capacitor in the dc-bus. Using the current source inverters (CSI) is one of the ways to reduce the mentioned problems in VSI-BLDC motor drives. In this paper, the space vector modulation (SVM) strategy is employed for switching in CSI-BLDC motor drive in order to reduce the switching losses, minimize current and torque ripple and increase the reliability of the drive. The BLDC motor drive model is implemented in the Proteus simulator software and the motor behavior is simulated at different speeds. In order to confirm the simulation results, an experimental setup system is designed, implemented and tested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Space Time Code Design in Phased-MIMO Radars to Achieve High Resolution in Board and Velocity
Roholah Vahdani Hossein Khaleghi Mohsen Fallah JoshaghaniIn this paper, space-time codes for MIMO radar are used to achieve high resolution at target range and speed. The two-dimensional ambiguity function is known as a tool to compare radar performance in terms of resolution. A space-time code can be designed based on minimi MoreIn this paper, space-time codes for MIMO radar are used to achieve high resolution at target range and speed. The two-dimensional ambiguity function is known as a tool to compare radar performance in terms of resolution. A space-time code can be designed based on minimizing the distance between the actual target parameters in range, speed and angle. For this purpose, high resolution can be achieved by analyzing the ambiguity function and narrowing it down as much as possible. In this paper, the ambiguity function with two variables of amplitude and speed mismatch is considered and a new criterion to achieve high resolution performance in this field is proposed. In this case, by optimizing the proposed cost functions, the optimal space-time code is extracted. The proposed design can also be extended to phased-MIMO radar. The simulation results also show that our proposed scheme has a very narrow ambiguity function around the origin, while it has a performance very close to the optimal state in terms of target identification probability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Model Predictive Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Based on Finite and Continuous Control Sets in Two Functional Quarters
ehsan ghasemi madani Mohammad Reza Alizadeh Pahlavani Arash Dehestani KolagarIn this paper, two schemes of model predictive control (MPC) method, named finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) and dead-beat model predictive control (DB-MPC) as a continuous control set model predictive control (CCS-MPC) are applied and compared to co MoreIn this paper, two schemes of model predictive control (MPC) method, named finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) and dead-beat model predictive control (DB-MPC) as a continuous control set model predictive control (CCS-MPC) are applied and compared to control the current of a permanent magnet synchronous machine in energy recovery mode for the use of electric vehicles. The FCS-MPC strategy selects the optimal voltage vector and applies the control pulses directly to the inverter without using any modulators. In other side, DB-MPC is implemented through space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). The performance and results of both types of control strategies are extracted and compared using MATLAB Simulink software. The comparisons are made mainly in steady state and transient modes. Both control strategies are applied to a permanent magnet synchronous machine with the same parameters and with the same operating mode. The results show that the current steady state fluctuation is further reduced in the DB-MPC strategy and the transient state response is faster in the FCS-MPC strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Outlier Detection in High Dimensional Data Using Entropy-Based Locally Relevant Subspace Selection
Mahboobeh Riahi Madvar Ahmad Akbari B. NasersharifOne of the challenges of high dimensional outlier detection problem is the curse of dimensionality which irrelevant dimensions (features) lead to hidden outliers. To solve this problem, some dimensions that contain valuable information to detect outliers are searched to MoreOne of the challenges of high dimensional outlier detection problem is the curse of dimensionality which irrelevant dimensions (features) lead to hidden outliers. To solve this problem, some dimensions that contain valuable information to detect outliers are searched to make outliers more prominent and detectable by mapping the dataset into the subspace which is constituted of these relevant dimensions/features. This paper proposes an outlier detection method in high dimensional data by introducing a new locally relevant subspace selection and developing a local density-based outlier scoring. First, we present a locally relevant subspace selection method based on local entropy to select a relevant subspace for each data point due to its neighbors. Then, each data point is scored in its relevant subspace using a density-based local outlier scoring method. Our adaptive-bandwidth kernel density estimation method eliminates the slight difference between the density of a normal data point and its neighbors. Thus, normal data are not wrongly detected as outliers. At the same time, our method underestimates the actual density of outlier data points to make them more prominent. The experimental results on several real datasets show that our local entropy-based subspace selection algorithm and the proposed outlier scoring can achieve a high accuracy detection rate for the outlier data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - The Role of Religious Training in Preventing the Side-Effects of Cyberspace and Social Networks
Moslem Moslem ShojaeiThe present article is an attempt to depict the role of religious training in preventing the social damages and offer some appropriate solutions for them. Social networks constitute the main factors of values, beliefs, and outlooks, for they can change the views and con MoreThe present article is an attempt to depict the role of religious training in preventing the social damages and offer some appropriate solutions for them. Social networks constitute the main factors of values, beliefs, and outlooks, for they can change the views and conducts of people as they wish. The aim of this article is to study the impact of religious training in preventing the social damages and also explain the nature and characteristics of technology. The method of this work is based on analytic-documental studies and is an applied study. It is concluded that the function of social networks and cyberspaces are so strong that they can bring human societies under their influences and draw them away from their vales. Thus in order to protect them from the negative consequences of social networks we should replace the intellectual foundations of western technology by some religious foundations for a life style. A religious training with a monotheistic view in individual and social life considered to be the most important element in preventing the side-effects of social networks. Religious training can put forward certain lifestyles that could protect man from lapsing into such problems. The present article is an attempt to offer some suggestions for confronting with the side-effects of educational centers. Obviously, those societies that approach educational system for controlling and warding off social problem turn out to be successful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Codification of a theoretical model for the production of spiritual-led urban space in an Iranian-Islamic city, Based on grounded theory method (case study: the central part of Mashhad)
farzaneh madani mojtaba Rafieian afsoon mahdavi Fatemeh Mohammadniai GharaeiUrban development and the process of space production have always been accompanied by serious conflicts. This has led to the production and reproduction of profit spaces based on the logic of capital accumulation. One of the manifestations of this confrontation can be s MoreUrban development and the process of space production have always been accompanied by serious conflicts. This has led to the production and reproduction of profit spaces based on the logic of capital accumulation. One of the manifestations of this confrontation can be seen in the interventions made in contexts of special identity, such as Mashhad, which is in serious conflict with the issues of sustainability and its three dimensions. Against these challenges, spiritual-led urbanism and the need to identification its indicators in contemporary urban planning in order to balance the current vicious cycle seem necessary. The increasing trend of researches in this field by reputable scientific centers shows the need to apply this concept more and more in the scale of contemporary urban planning. This research aims to provide a spatial reading of the indicators of the production of spiritual-led urban space in contemporary urban planning in line with the adjustment of the current cycle, with the aim of compiling effective spatial components in this process. In terms of the goal, this research is among developmental and qualitative research that was conducted with the grounded theory method. The statistical community includes experts and key informants (21 individual interviews and 2 group interviews) who were selected as the sample size using the purposeful sampling method. The findings of the research are the identification of 23 indicators in the form of 8 main dimensions, including space syntax, role-playing, symbolism, sustainability, and justice, security, and management structure and Contemporizationof theoretical knowledge. The achievement of this research is placing a balancing concept in the cycle of space production, which will reduce the ambiguities and shortcomings of the urban planning system, especially in cities with the support of spiritual identity, by structuring effective spatial components in the production of spiritual-led space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Social and cultural impact assessment of the construction project of ImamZadeh Hassan Boulevard pedestrian zone in Karaj
e d رحمان جهانی دولتآبادThe present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the construction of sidewalks in the area of Imamzadeh Hassan Boulevard in Karaj. This sidewalk is about 300 meters long and is located between the holy shrine of Imamzadeh Hassan and Quds Square in the agenda o MoreThe present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the construction of sidewalks in the area of Imamzadeh Hassan Boulevard in Karaj. This sidewalk is about 300 meters long and is located between the holy shrine of Imamzadeh Hassan and Quds Square in the agenda of Karaj Municipality. The theoretical model of the research is based on the concept of “sidewalk as an urban public space” inorder to use the opinions of experts in various fields as well as field observations has been used. The theoretical model of the research is based on the concept of “sidewalk as urban public space”.In order to evaluate the consequences of the action, various quantitative and qualitative methods, including surveying in the field of project intervention, interviews with various stakeholders, using the opinions of experts in various fields, and field observations have been performed. Consequences assessment has been done in the form of two scenarios, including passive scenario (status quo) and minimum scenario (status quo adjustment) and in assessing each of the scenarios, the consequences of the action in three areas including traffic, social and institutional context has examined. The results show that the area under study in the current situation has many problems including traffic, social and institutional issues. If the first scenario is realized and this situation continues in all three areas, we will see the complete dominance of negative effects on the positive effects, including traffic issues, opposition and dissatisfaction of residents and increasing social harms. If the first scenario is realized (adopting a passive approach) in any of the three areas of traffic, institutional and social, the favorable situation for the study area is not predicted. In other words, the area in question in the current situation faces challenges that necessitate a change in this area. While, the results show that the implementation of any maximum action in the area under review is also far from expected due to the lack of legal, operational and financial contexts. Therefore, the proposed plan of Ataf introduces the adoption of a minimal approach in the implementation of the road construction project as a desirable option. If the city managers approve and decide on the implementation of the road construction project, this plan is based on the idea that this project will be designed and implemented in two independent phases but with common goals. In the first phase, a set of pre-implementation corrective measures is considered and in the second phase, undergraduate and specialized studies are on the agenda. In this vein, Ataf Group has tried to provide solutions for better implementation of each of these phases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Social and cultural impact assessment of city of Tehran’s homeless shelters
سمیه مومنی هادی درویشیThe purpose of the study is to assess social and cultural impacts of Homeless Housing Assistance Center of Tehran Naft District 5th District Municipality And providing Corrective and compensatory solutions to make this project work better. The descriptive-analytical met MoreThe purpose of the study is to assess social and cultural impacts of Homeless Housing Assistance Center of Tehran Naft District 5th District Municipality And providing Corrective and compensatory solutions to make this project work better. The descriptive-analytical method has been used with stakeholder analysis approach to achieve this goal. On the one hand, it can be said the negative impact of Farahzad Valley’s neighborhoods on the function and the image of the businessman by regarding the geographical scope of the impact of the surrounding environment of Homeless Housing Assistance Center On its function as The main focus of the social damage is the Naft area By creating urban defenseless spaces, The presence of homeless people And trash exacerbation On the function and the image of Homeless Housing Assistance Center And on the other hand, in the social domain, one can claim that If one of the main goals of the construction of Homeless Housing Assistance Center is to prevent the deaths of addicted and homeless people in public roads and to preserve urban furniture and to eliminate these people from the city’s face rather than rehabilitation, The findings and data of the research indicate the success of the 5th District Municipality in creating a comfortable dormitory space for clients. But, in the end, two main damage to the function of the Homeless Housing Assistance Center can be identified: 1. becoming Homeless Housing Assistance Center to Permanent residence of clients and their precipitate and 2. Discontinuing the Empowerment Cycle of Clients and as a result the loss of Retrospective nature of the collection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Analysis of histrocial and futuristic factors affecting the privacy of Iranian Islamic cities; Case study of Tehran metropolitan area
mojtaba sabouri Rahim Sarvar Hamidreza Joudaki fatemeh adibi sadi nezhadHuman impact on the environment is based on worldview or philosophy of life; hence, the construction and formation of the city in human civilization has always expressed the ideology and worldview of those societies; therefore, in different geographical environments, we MoreHuman impact on the environment is based on worldview or philosophy of life; hence, the construction and formation of the city in human civilization has always expressed the ideology and worldview of those societies; therefore, in different geographical environments, we see cities with different roles and importance and with uncoordinated and heterogeneous growth. It has become the most severe form and the inability of urban environments to respond to the problems created, has caused cities to be constantly exposed to the uneven growth of cities and the influx of urban land uses. The descriptive nature is analytical. The purpose of studying and researching the factors affecting the metropolitan area of Tehran from the perspective of the Iranian-Islamic city, the historical trend and its prolongation for more than a few decades has led to the destruction of Tehran. The statistical population of this study 40 of them are 15 experts of the General Directorate of Privacy and the rest are experts, experts and specialists in research. The examined criteria include physical, economic, social, natural and managerial factors with specific sub-criteria, which are sub-criteria. And then in MIC MAC software as a matrix MDI, MPDI, MII, MPII are analyzed. The results show that the most direct and direct potential impact, potential indirect and indirect effects, are related to land use change with rank (473). The lowest direct, potential direct effects, and potential indirect and indirect effects are related to the finite topography with rank (267) and (465) the lowest is for agricultural lands, wetlands with rank (224). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Investigating the factors affecting on the perception of the sense of spirituality in mosques
shideh parto vida norouz borazjani shervin mirshahzadehThe mosque is one of the most important and special buildings of Muslims in Islamic countries and the introduction of new theoretical fields into architecture, such as the subject of the atmosphere, opens new windows for designers, which may be able to cover what has be MoreThe mosque is one of the most important and special buildings of Muslims in Islamic countries and the introduction of new theoretical fields into architecture, such as the subject of the atmosphere, opens new windows for designers, which may be able to cover what has been lacking in recent years in the design and construction of mosques. This study is formed by asking the question what are the effective components on creating the spiritual atmosphere of mosques from the perspective of the audience and its purpose is to read the atmosphere of contemporary mosques in Tehran based on the lived experience of audiences. The research method is based on the Grounded theory and the analyzes is based on the systematic coding method of Strauss and Corbin with the help of Max QD software.In order to measure the extracted components, six mosques in the contemporary geography of Tehran were selected and paired analysis and comparison on the parameters of the studied samples was done by an expert questionnaire by Expert Choice software.The most important findings and conclusions of the research show that the spiritual atmosphere of mosques, based on the lived experience of the audience, is influenced by 9 main components. Each has its own weight value. Among the found components, proportions are in the first rank and the components of light, sound, color, materials, decorations, access and position are in the next ranks, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Improving the Quality of Urban Public Spaces, with the Emphasis on Murals (Case Study: Qazvin)
Abolfazl Toghraii Kia Massoudi Erfan ToghraeiPublic Arts are one of the cheapest and most accessible alternatives for achieving alive urban places. This kind of art, the name implies, is born, raised, and matured from byways corners of a city and its living streets. In most European countries, the importance of Pu MorePublic Arts are one of the cheapest and most accessible alternatives for achieving alive urban places. This kind of art, the name implies, is born, raised, and matured from byways corners of a city and its living streets. In most European countries, the importance of Public Arts has been proved so obviously. In such countries, they consider complete separate Planning Acts from Master Plans for Public Arts, usually called "Public Art Master Plan" with a long-term vision and practical strategies. Furthermore, in numerous countries, Public Art has not been considered just as an aesthetic aspect with official purposes, but also as a means for transmitting the society’s ideologies and attitudes, especially the society’s intellectuals. Murals in this category are one of the most colorable and effective types of Public Arts that can be executed on cities walls in different ways: Official or Graffiti, Professional or Amateur, Long term or Short Term, etc. In this research, we have tried to pay more attention to Public Arts generally and Murals particularly and make a unique collection of valid and updated information on this subject. In the end, we have offered some solutions and local strategies for making Qazvin city public spaces better places to live practically, with the help of Public Arts and Murals. The conclusion is a design framework achieved by public Preferences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Representing a Novel Expanded Version of Shor’s Algorithm and a Real-Time Experiment using IBM Q-Experience Platform
Sepehr Goodarzi Afshin Rezakhani Mahdi MalekiThe data are stored on the memory of the classical computer in small units of classical bits, which could be either 0 or 1. However, on a Quantum Computer, The Quantum States of each Quantum Bit (Qbit), would be every possible number between 0 and 1, including themselve MoreThe data are stored on the memory of the classical computer in small units of classical bits, which could be either 0 or 1. However, on a Quantum Computer, The Quantum States of each Quantum Bit (Qbit), would be every possible number between 0 and 1, including themselves. By placing the photons on a special state, which is a spot located at the middle of the two-dimensional space vectors (█(1@0)) and (█(1@1)) on the Unit Circle, which is called Superposition and we can take advantage of properties of this state when we place lots of vectors of N-dimensional spaces in superposition and we can do a parallelization and factorization for getting significant speedup. In fact, in Quantum Computing we are taking advantage of Quantum Dynamic Principles to process the data, which Classical Computers lack on, by considering the limitations of logical concepts behind them. Through this paper, we expand a quantum algorithm for the number of n Qbits in a new way and by implementing circuits using IBM-Q Experience, we are going to have some practical results, which are more obvious to be demonstrable. By expanding the Quantum Algorithms and using Linear Algebra, we can manage to achieve the goals at a higher level, the ones that Classical Computers are unable to perform, as machine learning problems with complicated models and by expanding the subject we can mention majors in different sciences like Chemistry (predicting the Structure of proteins with higher percentage accuracy in less period), Astronomy and so on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Youths and Escape Experience in Urban Spaces
Fardin AlikhahIn recent years’ urban sociologists and anthropologists have also focused on youth and urban public spaces. On the one hand, there are studies that have proceeded from a criminological point of view and on the other hand, researches that have considered concepts such as MoreIn recent years’ urban sociologists and anthropologists have also focused on youth and urban public spaces. On the one hand, there are studies that have proceeded from a criminological point of view and on the other hand, researches that have considered concepts such as marginalization, exclusion or inclusion of social groups in urban spaces. They address issues such as exclusion by official institutions and youth resistance, and raises the question of how young people try to register their signatures on place by adopting strategies such as personalization of place and territorialization in the heart of public spaces. The present study is based on urban ethnography on the pedestrian-only zone of the northern Baradaran Muzaffar of Tehran. The main purpose of this research is to identify different layers’ marginalization strategies by official institutions and local community, which some urban researchers refer to as "place refinement", as well as different strategies of young people to cope, neutralize and resist marginalization. Ethnographic fieldwork shows that the Northern Baradaran Muzaffar pedestrian-only zone is a place for young people to escape the gaze of official institutions. The strategy of exclusion applied by the official institutions and the local community has not been successful and has led to the resistance among the youth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - An overview of vitality in Mehrvarzi Park in Yasuj
zahra sadat ali aramThe vitality of urban environments is a topic that has been neglected in studies, research and urban development projects in Iran. Today, for various reasons, providing urban vitality and vitality, especially in recreational and social spaces, has become one of the main MoreThe vitality of urban environments is a topic that has been neglected in studies, research and urban development projects in Iran. Today, for various reasons, providing urban vitality and vitality, especially in recreational and social spaces, has become one of the main concerns of urban management and planning systems in countries, especially in developed countries. While despite the direct impact of the vitality of urban parks in playing important roles in these spaces through the continuous presence of citizens and improving their environmental level, less research has examined the vitality of these spaces. For this purpose, in this article, Mehrvarzi Park in Yasuj has been studied in terms of vitality. This research aims to promote the vitality of the park is an applied research and the research method is descriptive-analytical. Accordingly, this article tries to identify the criteria affecting the vitality of urban parks in the form of research and then to review and prioritize them for "Mehrvarzi Park" in Yasouj, and finally to offer suggestions to improve the vitality of this park. The results indicate that the existence of various spaces and cultural places for holding ceremonies is effective in promoting the vitality of urban space in this site. Also, the aesthetic component has the highest level of utility and the service component has the lowest level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - virtual media influence on the spread of iranian culture IRAN
tahereh nikpoor ALIASGHAR KEYA mohammad reza rasouliabstract the purpose ofthisstudy was toinvestigate the effect of cyberspace and specifically social networks on the promotion of iranian environmental culture .this study was anapplied research in terms ofpurpose and exploratory mixed research design which was carriedo Moreabstract the purpose ofthisstudy was toinvestigate the effect of cyberspace and specifically social networks on the promotion of iranian environmental culture .this study was anapplied research in terms ofpurpose and exploratory mixed research design which was carriedout in two stages .in the qualitative part , semi structured interviews were used to explore and describe ideas and attitudes ofinterviewees .so , atfirst , an expert was interviewed and then data analysis was performed in three stages : open , axial and selective coding .as aresult , the open source codes were extracted in the form of axial codes of information functionality , educational and cultural performance , correlation function , promotional function , persuasive function and supervisory function .in quantitative section , among all actors of the environment in the form of ngos and virtual space activists ofiran , 217 people were selected and tested by cochran formula and randomly .aresearcher -made questionnaire was used to collect data in this section .finally , in order to investigate therelationships between variables , structural equation modeling technique was used with smart pls software .the results indicate that thevariables ofinformation function , educational and cultural function , correlation function , advertising function , persuasive function and monitoring function in promoting environmental culture of iran and cultureof environmental pollution are effective .in addition , demographic variables have moderator role in therelationship between thecomponents of cyberspace and culture of culture Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - An overview of vitality in Mehrvarzi Park in Yasuj
ali aram zahra sadatThe vitality of urban environments is a topic that has been neglected in studies, research and urban development projects in Iran. Today, for various reasons, providing urban vitality and vitality, especially in recreational and social spaces, has become one of the main MoreThe vitality of urban environments is a topic that has been neglected in studies, research and urban development projects in Iran. Today, for various reasons, providing urban vitality and vitality, especially in recreational and social spaces, has become one of the main concerns of urban management and planning systems in countries, especially in developed countries. While despite the direct impact of the vitality of urban parks in playing important roles in these spaces through the continuous presence of citizens and improving their environmental level, less research has examined the vitality of these spaces. For this purpose, in this article, Mehrvarzi Park in Yasuj has been studied in terms of vitality. This research aims to promote the vitality of the park is an applied research and the research method is descriptive-analytical. Accordingly, this article tries to identify the criteria affecting the vitality of urban parks in the form of research and then to review and prioritize them for "Mehrvarzi Park" in Yasouj, and finally to offer suggestions to improve the vitality of this park. The results indicate that the existence of various spaces and cultural places for holding ceremonies is effective in promoting the vitality of urban space in this site. Also, the aesthetic component has the highest level of utility and the service component has the lowest level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Investigating the criteria of citizenship space and its effect on citizens' satisfaction with urban spaces Study sample of Yasuj city
elham nekoueipour ali aramThe concept of space in the past decades and creating a common understanding that space is a social structure and society is also a spatial structure, on the one hand, and considering citizens' rights as the basis of social planning in citizenship discourses, on the oth MoreThe concept of space in the past decades and creating a common understanding that space is a social structure and society is also a spatial structure, on the one hand, and considering citizens' rights as the basis of social planning in citizenship discourses, on the other, theoretical basis The crystallization of the atmosphere is citizen-oriented. The concept of recognizing its dimensions and how to find its objectivity has been the subject of much research, planning and urban planning in recent years. This study seeks to investigate and analyze the rate of realization of citizen-centered space indicators and its impact on citizens' satisfaction with the city space (Case study: Yasuj city) based on this knowledge. Descriptive-analytical research method and its basis based on CSI model or citizens' satisfaction index has been used through field study (384 questionnaires) and using statistical methods of structural equation model (SEM). The software used in this research is Smart-PLS3.2.8. The results show that the CSI indicators in Yasuj are in an unfavorable and relatively favorable situation and the citizens are less than average satisfied with the atmosphere of Tehran. Also, the distance of Yasuj city space from the dimensions and indicators of citizen-oriented space is the most important missing link in Yasuj urban planning system, which can be a warning for socio-spatial damage and it is necessary to find a solution from now on. It should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Investigating the criteria of citizenship space and its effect on citizens' satisfaction with urban spaces Study sample of Yasuj city
elham nekoueipour ali aramThe concept of space in the past decades and creating a common understanding that space is a social structure and society is also a spatial structure, on the one hand, and considering citizens' rights as the basis of social planning in citizenship discourses, on the oth MoreThe concept of space in the past decades and creating a common understanding that space is a social structure and society is also a spatial structure, on the one hand, and considering citizens' rights as the basis of social planning in citizenship discourses, on the other, theoretical basis The crystallization of the atmosphere is citizen-oriented. The concept of recognizing its dimensions and how to find its objectivity has been the subject of much research, planning and urban planning in recent years. This study seeks to investigate and analyze the rate of realization of citizen-centered space indicators and its impact on citizens' satisfaction with the city space (Case study: Yasuj city) based on this knowledge. Descriptive-analytical research method and its basis based on CSI model or citizens' satisfaction index has been used through field study (384 questionnaires) and using statistical methods of structural equation model (SEM). The software used in this research is Smart-PLS3.2.8. The results show that the CSI indicators in Yasuj are in an unfavorable and relatively favorable situation and the citizens are less than average satisfied with the atmosphere of Tehran. Also, the distance of Yasuj city space from the dimensions and indicators of citizen-oriented space is the most important missing link in Yasuj urban planning system, which can be a warning for socio-spatial damage and it is necessary to find a solution from now on. It should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Investigation of the spatial arrangement of Shah Abbasi Caravanserai in Karaj by space syntax technique
Nasrin Mokhtari Elham Sfandyari fardSpace syntax is a set of methods and theories that study how the configuration structure of space, organization, and social behaviors interact. Examining the spatial layout is one of the basic strategies for evaluating the usages of any building. This issue is especiall MoreSpace syntax is a set of methods and theories that study how the configuration structure of space, organization, and social behaviors interact. Examining the spatial layout is one of the basic strategies for evaluating the usages of any building. This issue is especially evident in historical buildings because the technique of space syntax and drawing justification diagrams makes it possible to analyze the spatial relationships of buildings. Shah Abbasi Caravanserai has long centuries history and has had different uses in different periods. This article examines the spatial arrangement of Shah Abbasi Caravanserai, located in Karaj, in the Safavid and Qajar periods by using the space syntax technique. Also, by considering the change of Shah Abbasi Caravanserai's use to a school in the Qajar period, it seeks to answer the main question: to what extent did the new use correspond to the spatial relations of Shah Abbasi Caravanserai? What are the advantages and disadvantages of changing this user? To answer this question, first, using the descriptive-analytical method and library studies and field surveys, the spatial arrangement of Shah Abbasi Caravanserai in the Safavid and Qajar periods has been studied. Then, drawing diagrams using the space syntax technique and analyzing them based on various influential factors was done. The research result was concluded through analyzing data and comparing the justification diagrams with school diagrams in the Qajar period, indicating that the new spatial arrangement of Shah Abbasi Caravanserai in the Qajar era was done as a result of changing the use to the school. Also, despite some disadvantages because of this change, including a lack of attention to proper access hierarchy, ventilation, and proportions, it is compatible with the spatial relationships of schools of that time to a large extent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Maxine Greene's Public Space: Beyond the Walls of the Standard Education
Bakhtiar Shabani Varaki Tahereh Javidi Kalateh JafarabadiThe main purpose of this article is the representation of Maxine Greene views about public space and its major potentials for the rethinking of the educational behavior in schools. Thus, first of all, this idea is emphasized that public spaces are important places for d MoreThe main purpose of this article is the representation of Maxine Greene views about public space and its major potentials for the rethinking of the educational behavior in schools. Thus, first of all, this idea is emphasized that public spaces are important places for discussion (for dialog) and a free exchange of ideas and information, through which an individual human being can make his voice heard, while at the same time listening to other individuals’ voices, without being bothered by any fear and threat arising from a wide range of human contradictions, differences, conflicts and ambiguities that are inherent in human communication. Second, along with describing and criticizing the educational space governing the current schools, based on Greene ideas, it is demonstrated that the public space can provide new contexts for going beyond educational standards, and thus may secure grounds for the realization of agency, freedom, democracy and a shared world in the education of learners. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Anthropology of Tourism, Creative Space, Creative Tourism, Social Communication
mehdi karoubi razieh Rabani Javad YousefiThis study sought to identify and describe social communication methods used in terms of cultural signification by tourists and the host community in Chaharbagh Avenue, Isfahan, Iran. To this end, a qualitative approach was adopted, using the meaning coordination manage MoreThis study sought to identify and describe social communication methods used in terms of cultural signification by tourists and the host community in Chaharbagh Avenue, Isfahan, Iran. To this end, a qualitative approach was adopted, using the meaning coordination management model as the theoretical framework. The population of the study comprised the residents of Isfahan City, among whom thirty people were selected through purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was achieved. The required data were collected via participatory observation and semi-structured interviews, which were then analyzed through content analysis, and open and axial coding. The study’s findings indicated that while the majority of Isfahani people expressed a positive attitude concerning the presence of tourists and establishing communication with them in Chaharbagh Avenue, poor creative hardware and software infrastructure in street communication, lack of coordination among policymakers, planners, and operational units in establishing effective communication and failing to consider creativity in redefining the third generation tourism products have prevented the avenue to gain a desired position in terms of tourism success. However, it could generally be argued that the residents of Isfahan City (as the host community) had a favorable attitude towards making effective communications with tourists in Chaharbagh Avenue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Investigating Agrotourism Aesthetics and Social Production of Space from Local Stakeholders’ Perspective: A Case Study of Grape Festival in Abhar City, Darsjin Village, Iran
mohamad taghi heydari Daruish jahani Ismail Dali yagoob haghiPlaying a significant role in reducing rural poverty, fostering sustainable agricultural and rural development, creating income-generating opportunities for local residents, promoting the culture of natural resource protection, and optimal use of cultural and natural at MorePlaying a significant role in reducing rural poverty, fostering sustainable agricultural and rural development, creating income-generating opportunities for local residents, promoting the culture of natural resource protection, and optimal use of cultural and natural attractions, agricultural tourism provides the basis for interaction between village residents and visiting tourists. In this regard, this study sought to examine the driving forces involved in developing agricultural tourism in Dresjin village from the local stakeholders’ perspective, focusing on the grape festival. The current research is applied in terms of type and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The sample size of the study comprised seventy-eight household members who were interviewed along the sidewalks leading to the festival site of Dresjin village. The required data were also collected through library and field studies. The data were then analyzed via the MICMAC approach using the worst-best preference technique. The findings of the study indicated that the positive and pleasant feeling produced by the space and the restoration and maintenance of monuments were the most significantly preferred factors involved in the social production of the space, providing the visitors of Dresjin village with a pleasant feeling and bringing about positive results for the village. Therefore, it appears that tourism development programs must be developed for the village, including clearly set missions and duties of relevant organizations. Such well-developed programs could help avoid parallel working and unnecessary duplications, and also create a sense of responsibility in the actors involved through the tasks assigned to them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Development and evaluating the effectiveness of a cognitive rehabilitation package on reducing the cognitive damages of active adolescents in cyberspace
faezeh adibnia Mehrdad Kalantari soghra akbarichermahiniThe aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation package on cognitive damages reduction in active adolescents in cyberspace. The research method was exploratory mixed (qualitative-quantitative). For this purpose, by using t MoreThe aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation package on cognitive damages reduction in active adolescents in cyberspace. The research method was exploratory mixed (qualitative-quantitative). For this purpose, by using the thematic analysi, by studying articles and interviewing professors and active adolescents in cyberspace, damages were identified. Based on the identified cognitive damages, a rehabilitation package (in four areas: attention, information processing, thinking and social cognition) was developed to reduce adolescents' cognitive damages in cyberspace, to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed package, a quasi-experimental design with an experimental group and a control group of pre-test, post-test and follow-up were used. 40 active girls in cyberspace in Arak who were screened by the pathology inventory constructed, were selected by purposive method and 20 were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 20 to the control group. The results of mixed analysis of variance showed that the implementation of the developed package improved the performance of the experimental group in attention, information processing, thinking and social cognition (p <0.001). It can be concluded that the developed cognitive rehabilitation package is also effective for improving the cognitive damages of adolescents in cyberspace. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Investigating the quality and sense of attachment to the place in the open spaces of the residential complex
Elham mansourian ali aramPlace is a phenomenon that man gives meaning to and becomes dependent on during his life. Dependence on place is affected by the quality of the space and the way it is designed, and people create it over a specific period of time. There is a positive relationship betwee MorePlace is a phenomenon that man gives meaning to and becomes dependent on during his life. Dependence on place is affected by the quality of the space and the way it is designed, and people create it over a specific period of time. There is a positive relationship between attachment to place and perception and knowledge of place by the individual to the extent that he recognizes himself with it; Thus, the connection between man and place or "attachment to place" is considered the basis for satisfying many human needs through place and meaning in life. In particular, attachment to important places for human beings, the most characteristic of which is living space. Open spaces between residential buildings are the bedrock for residents to connect with nature and to spend their leisure time in the immediate exterior of the house. Come. This study examines the quality and sense of attachment to space in the open spaces of a residential complex. After dealing with the existing theories in the field of attachment to space and in open spaces of residential complex with an inferential approach and using past research and theoretical foundations, the results show that the quality and sense of attachment to space in open spaces of residential complex Organization, quality of interior spaces, social interactions, type of access and view and type of access and view can be effective factors in increasing the quality and sense of attachment to space in open spaces of residential complex. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - with an Emphasis on the Discourse of Satan in the Quran
mohammad hosein shir afkan ali reza ghaemi niaMankind craves for perfection and in order for his growth, he needs to identify obstacles facing in his path. One of the main obstacles on his path which keeps him aloof from Allah is Satan. Hence, identifying and recognizing Satan as a great barrier which prevents him MoreMankind craves for perfection and in order for his growth, he needs to identify obstacles facing in his path. One of the main obstacles on his path which keeps him aloof from Allah is Satan. Hence, identifying and recognizing Satan as a great barrier which prevents him from reaching a defined objective is necessary. In the Holy Quran there are many conversations, including those suggested by Satan. Mentioning Satan’s dialogues in the Quran demonstrates the importance of this matter in the sight of Allah. In this paper, verses containing the words of Satan are investigated and analyzed based on cognitive conceptualization in order to explain and recognize the reality of Satan’s words in the Quran and the way they make sense in this group of verses. It considers Satan’s words in five categories, of Satan’s superiority, asking for respite, dominance, seeking good and Satan’s promise, the mind can make a good concept of these matters and is ready to analyze them. In conclusion, it can be said that Satan’s mental space stands against the divine mental space and the followers of each have tendency toward the mental space in accordance with their capacity and thoughts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - International Responsibility of States and Attribution of Cyber-attack
رضا رحمتیIn the current age Net is an alternative of place in criminology, and violation of international law. Cyber space is new phenomena both in the scope of technology and in non-useful functions. Cyber-attacks and its sorts can cause physical damage and loss of life, becaus MoreIn the current age Net is an alternative of place in criminology, and violation of international law. Cyber space is new phenomena both in the scope of technology and in non-useful functions. Cyber-attacks and its sorts can cause physical damage and loss of life, because of this; it can be under the responsibility obligations of states. International responsibility of states (for example draft article of responsibility of state in internationally wrongful act) is one of the most important elements in the law of cyber-attacks. The first issue in the cyber-attack is the term of “force” and “attack”. Cyber-attack can be under the term of attack in international law. According to this concept, the main question is “do and to what extend cyber-attacks are attributable to conduct of state? To answer this question first we have to know the concepts of attack. Then which commentaries of article 2 (para 4) of United Nations Charter are useful to cyber-attack, finally the dilemma of recognition and attribution of root of attack is so important to applying of the law of responsibility of state. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Analysis of social logic governing the body of space in the historical-cultural context of Boshrouyeh in the Qajar era with a syntactic approach
saeede pourabedini abed taghavi hasan hashemi zarj abadWhat is translation of cities is the way that this discipline entails the arrangement of different land uses suitable and compatible distribution of urban facilities beside each other as well as the roads network at the localities level. The desired neighboring of inf MoreWhat is translation of cities is the way that this discipline entails the arrangement of different land uses suitable and compatible distribution of urban facilities beside each other as well as the roads network at the localities level. The desired neighboring of infrastructure and urban facilities on the localities has resulted in preventing the establishment of social inequalities and consequently spatial inequality and spatial inequality in the areas that have influence on the function of spatial and spatial configuration of cities in the context of time and space. The aim of this research is to read the Integration spatial behavior between man and the environment in the historical context of the city of Beshravieh in the Qajar period, which has become the basis for the emergence of spatial organization and social logic of space and correlation in the physical-functional structure of the neighborhoods of this city.The current research is applied research in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method. The theoretical information of the research has been collected from the method of library studies and using the findings, documents and documents of the cultural heritage of Beshravieh city. And in order to read the social logic of the space governing the spatial body of the neighborhoods of Beshravieh city, two quantitative guidelines (relationships, indicators of space syntax) and qualitative (idea of space syntax) existing in the theory of space arrangement have been used.According to the theory of space syntax, what was the role of physical-functional factors in shaping and developing the social logic of the space of Beshravieh city in the Qajar era? The results of the research show: the building elements of the physical structure of the neighborhoods of Beshravieh in the Qajar era were formed in order to meet the needs of the residents of the neighborhoods and in order to preserve and strengthen its cultural-social identity. And they have also been responsible for creating correlation between the physical elements of the neighborhoods. The achievement of this spatial order is the existence of spatial unity in the whole and its function in the minuscule. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Algorithmic Optimization of Midrise Residential Building Plans Based on Space Syntax Theory
sahba hasibi Ali Andaji GarmarodiThe space syntax and geometric layout, influenced by a wide array of explicit and implicit parameters and lead to multiple solutions for design problems, are one of the primary steps for architectural designs. Two of the main challenges faced in this subject are: utiliz MoreThe space syntax and geometric layout, influenced by a wide array of explicit and implicit parameters and lead to multiple solutions for design problems, are one of the primary steps for architectural designs. Two of the main challenges faced in this subject are: utilizing the computational power of computers to predict the space syntax of architectural plans and defining the problem in an Algorithmic language. The current study aims to present an algorithm for reaching a space syntax followed by the users' needs and preferences to form a meaningful connection between the houses and their residents and facilitate the user's participation in the design of midrise residential buildings. In the current study, multi-objective optimization was used to achieve space syntax designs based on multiple parameters. In order to optimize, a set of 200 manually layout design plans were used as input for the algorithm; the algorithm then generates plans for the midrise residential buildings based on criteria such as open and closed space area, requirements for orientations of various spaces, number of rooms. Then, numerous solutions are reviewed and compared, and the most suitable plan is chosen based on the results. Finally, the entire process of algorithm was tested for some case studies, and the results show a great capacity of the proposed method in providing space syntax plans with speed and variety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Virtual education during the Corona pandemic
Afshin Saberi FardIn cyberspace education, teachers are in touch with their students, and in critical situations where it is not possible for students to attend schools, teachers form different virtual groups and teach lessons. The benefits of e-learning include: reviewing the curriculum MoreIn cyberspace education, teachers are in touch with their students, and in critical situations where it is not possible for students to attend schools, teachers form different virtual groups and teach lessons. The benefits of e-learning include: reviewing the curriculum, increasing students 'self-control, not being limited in time, increasing students' responsibility, easy access and up-to-dateness, and high efficiency and speed of teaching. Despite the many advantages of e-learning, there are many problems and disadvantages, especially in the corona and post-corona e-learning, such as: Internet addiction of students, lack of confidence in learning, lack of supervision over homework and verification, inability of some teachers, parents and Students in the use of cyberspace, inability of parents to buy phones and the Internet, lack of access to the Internet at certain times or in some areas, lack of attention to productivity, failure of radio programs to promote education and many other factors caused the crisis Manage the situation well, the lack of depth and seriousness of virtual education, threats to privacy, lack of attractiveness, etc. are among them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Evaluation of the amount of green space per capita in the urban environment (case example: Bojnord city)
soudabeh hadadi kohsar ramezanali naderi mayvanToday, the concept of cities without effective green space in its various forms is unimaginable. The consequences of urban development and the complexities of their environmental problems have made the existence of green space and its expansion inevitable forever. Payin MoreToday, the concept of cities without effective green space in its various forms is unimaginable. The consequences of urban development and the complexities of their environmental problems have made the existence of green space and its expansion inevitable forever. Paying attention to green spaces in general as the breathing lungs of cities is not an exaggerated definition of its function. Rather, this simile is considered to express its minimal function in the ecological concept of cities. These spaces have an important place both from the point of view of meeting the environmental needs of the city dwellers and from the point of view of providing leisure spaces and the basis of communication and social interaction. With the rapid expansion of Bojnord city in recent decades, the importance of urban green space and parks has been greatly increased both in terms of increasing social, environmental and aesthetic needs, as well as the role of access to green space in social justice and balanced urban development. In this article, the distribution and per capita of urban green spaces with different performance levels in the area of Bojnoord city have been investigated and the deficiencies in this field have been analyzed. In this research, the type of research is based on the practical purpose and is based on the descriptive-analytical method, and the method of information analysis is using the deductive (rational) method as well as the use of GIS software, which is the map of the current situation and the access map using this The software was prepared. Also, these maps were used for the final analysis, which according to the obtained results, the city of Bojnord has a per capita shortage of urban green spaces, and this has caused environmental pollution in this city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Providing physical solutions in order to strengthen social interactions (case example: North Shahid Beheshti St.)
Vajihe Sehatpoor ramezanali naderi mayvanAs an urban space, the street is one of the most important places where face-to-face encounters and the arena of social interactions of citizens are considered. The presence of vehicle traffic crisis and low physical quality has caused a severe lack of public space with MoreAs an urban space, the street is one of the most important places where face-to-face encounters and the arena of social interactions of citizens are considered. The presence of vehicle traffic crisis and low physical quality has caused a severe lack of public space with the ability to accept social interactions. Enhancing public spaces is a means of dealing with this fragmentation and related concerns. It is possible to strengthen the feeling of togetherness by creating a variety of public spaces. On the other hand, the presence of untouched natural environments inside the cities is one of the important potentials of the city in creating a new urban public space and strengthening the civic life and social connections among the city residents. Therefore, organizing these spaces, while transforming them from a defenseless space into a safe urban space, provides a basis for being present in the space and strengthening communication and social interactions in cities and among residents, which leads to the establishment and strengthening of civil life in the city. The phenomenon of an urban defenseless space and the effect it has on the collective conscience can turn the healthy human-city relationship into a disconnected and sometimes hostile relationship with the environment. Because until a person does not feel calm in the environment and space and always lives in worry as a victim, he cannot display his capabilities and values and fulfill his social role in a desirable way. In this research, the aim of which is to promote social interactions in the North Shahid Beheshti axis (between Shahid Square and Charah Safa Square), a combined research method (analytical-descriptive) has been used. The results of the research show that increasing comfort and healing for the people present in the area, creating beautiful and appropriate flooring, creating a favorable permeability for the area can greatly help to increase social interactions in this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - The role of consumer cities in the lives of citizens with an ethnographic approach
Mohammad javad samani nezhad neda khodakaramiangilan Asadollah BabaiefardThis research examines the consumption process in modern cities and discusses its role in the lives of citizens. Research theories are based on the views of Veblen, Simmel, Bakoc, Bourdieu, and Marx. Also, in this research, the ethnographic research method is used and t MoreThis research examines the consumption process in modern cities and discusses its role in the lives of citizens. Research theories are based on the views of Veblen, Simmel, Bakoc, Bourdieu, and Marx. Also, in this research, the ethnographic research method is used and the data collection technique includes participatory observation and in-depth interview. The findings of the research show that commercial spaces have created a special design in the architecture of the city, there are criteria in the designs of the city that lead to the creation of a pleasant and stimulating atmosphere for consumption, the colors used in commercial spaces in The brightness of the spaces plays a vital role and helps a lot in creating the beauty of the goods Multiple entrances, wide corridors, many skylights and a beautiful central view in shopping centers provide the possibility of encouraging more people to enter the arcade. Wanderers change and define their identity by walking in the city. Also, the shopping centers themselves include retail space, hotels, restaurants, and entertainment facilities, which have caused more and more people to buy and consumerism with the different facilities they provide. On the other hand, shopping centers as one of the new forms of shopping play an effective role in people's shopping addiction. Shopping addiction sometimes tempts people to buy excessively, for this reason it brings anxiety and worry to people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Introducing the Transcendent Perceptual Process In order to perceived the Aesthetic Quality of Space (Combining the Viewpoints of New Sciences and Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Theosophy)
sara daneshmand Kaveh FattahiIn the field of art and architecture, aesthetic quality as one of the types of qualities has been considered in old and new researches. Although today, in the studies of urban planning and architecture, efforts have been made to understand the aesthetic quality of space MoreIn the field of art and architecture, aesthetic quality as one of the types of qualities has been considered in old and new researches. Although today, in the studies of urban planning and architecture, efforts have been made to understand the aesthetic quality of space and how to perceive it using the term atmosphere, but in the texts of Islamic sages and philosophers, no separate treatise has been written on this topic, and researchers in the old texts and the new ones have used many and sometimes inconsistent expressions. Also, no consensus has been reached in expressing its perceptual processes. Therefore, the research introduces the framework of transcendent perceptual process and its details, by correlating the expressions used in modern sciences and Islamic sciences with the help of Mullah Sadra's Transcendent Theosophy. The descriptive-analytical study first describes the viewpoints of three generations of theorists, then analyses them, and finally combines the viewpoints of new researchers and the Transcendent Theosophy to provide a comprehensive innovative framework. The results of the work include the identification of 5 depths for the perceptual process, providing a triple model to express the quality of the perceptual process with the terms used by previous scholars, and also extracting the framework of the transcendent perceptual process. This framework increases the ability of research in the interdisciplinary field, and where the range of words for communicating different sciences is wide, it creates a platform for the coordination of perceptual processes from the perspective of different sciences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Investigating the impact of the components of environmental perceptions of educational spaces on improving students' learning
nazanin yarmohammadian Saeed Azemati sara tahersimaEvery child spends an important part of his life in school. The purpose of this presence in schools is to learn and develop the child's abilities and skills, as well as individual and social behaviors. Improper design of the school environment causes dissatisfaction, fa MoreEvery child spends an important part of his life in school. The purpose of this presence in schools is to learn and develop the child's abilities and skills, as well as individual and social behaviors. Improper design of the school environment causes dissatisfaction, fatigue and decrease in their learning. Paying attention to the mental and physical characteristics of children and their behavioral patterns in the design of educational environments and the impact of environmental perceptions can help children's learning and the emergence of talents and ultimately their growth and prosperity. Hence, designing schools according to the needs It is especially important for children between 6-12 years old. What this article deals with is the different aspects of the effect of educational spaces and the components of environmental perceptions of these spaces on children's learning with the approach of improving students' learning. The current research is applied in terms of its purpose and survey-analytical in terms of the research method. The result shows that the factors that make up the educational environment are effective in facilitating children's learning and this effect is such that the sum of these factors together provide conditions so that students can focus more easily on the subject matter in order to improve Let them learn. And also this research states that components derived from environmental perception, such as: variety of furniture arrangement and flexible and movable furniture, spaces with the possibility of collaborative interactions, appropriate combination of colors in the space, readable and inviting entrances and paths, sand playground , the presence of water, terraces along the classes on the floors, participatory park, garden pit, tall and light windows, etc. are effective in improving students' learning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Presenting a Small Buisiness Model in Cyberspace with an Entrepreneurial Approch
hamed bahadorian serajaldin mohebi hosein mansooriThe purpose of this research is to present the small business model in cyberspace with an entrepreneurial approach. In terms of practical purpose, the research is survey-descriptive; in terms of data collection, the research approach is inductive reasoning and explorato MoreThe purpose of this research is to present the small business model in cyberspace with an entrepreneurial approach. In terms of practical purpose, the research is survey-descriptive; in terms of data collection, the research approach is inductive reasoning and exploratory mixed research strategy in which qualitative research is used in the first stage and quantitative research in the second stage. The method of collecting information in the qualitative part was in-depth interviews. For this purpose, theoretical sampling was done from the research community, which includes experts and managers in the field of business in virtual space and professors in the field of software (business). In this way, with thirty people interviews have been conducted. In the quantitative part of the research, data were collected using a questionnaire. The sampling method was stratified random in a proportional way. To determine the sample size in a limited population, 77 people were selected by using Cochran's method. In the qualitative part (grounded theory), data analysis was used on the basic theory and the coding process. In the quantitative part of the research, after collecting and summarizing the data, descriptive tests, exploratory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling were used using SPSS 24 and PLS Smart 2 software. The findings showed that knowing human relations, investing in entrepreneurship, keeping up with the fast-paced changes in the world, requirements of virtual business, knowing the characteristics of the market and characteristics of the buyer, are the effective factors on the small business model in the virtual space with an entrepreneurial approach Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Investigating the Factors Affecting the Public Participation of Users and the Survivability of Spaces in Urban Parks to Improve the Level of Children's Safety (a Case Study of Shafaq Park in Tehran)
Saeed Azemati Kimia Jamshidzadeh<p>Security remains a fundamental human need within society. The safety and well-being of vulnerable groups, particularly children, who constitute one of the most at-risk segments of society, hold particular significance. An active human presence contributes significant More<p>Security remains a fundamental human need within society. The safety and well-being of vulnerable groups, particularly children, who constitute one of the most at-risk segments of society, hold particular significance. An active human presence contributes significantly to enhancing security in urban spaces. The ability to comprehend and observe the surrounding environment, as well as being visible to others, fosters a sense of security. The current research employs a blended quantitative and qualitative approach, involving a research community comprising 25 experts. These experts were selected through an open interview framework, utilizing a purposeful sampling method with the snowball technique. The gathered opinions were subsequently analyzed using SPSS26 software. According to the coefficients obtained from the variables, graphs were generated by Gefi software. Ultimately, the indicators extracted from the first and second stages of the survey underwent analysis using Depth Map software. The integration of the plan analysis with the generated graphs from the previous stage was deliberated using AGraph software. Based on the results, users are mostly looking for spaces that are efficient in attracting people when choosing urban parks for the safety of their children. Especially adults, and allow parents to monitor the space. Cultural spaces with a rating of 4.46 in urban parks are the main factor in attracting people for public participation.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Civil liability of arbitrators in online arbitration
Reza Shahidi sadeghiArbitration is one of the most common methods of peaceful dispute resolution in domestic and international disputes outside of state courts. In the present era, international commercial arbitration has become more important among merchants due to its faster resolution a MoreArbitration is one of the most common methods of peaceful dispute resolution in domestic and international disputes outside of state courts. In the present era, international commercial arbitration has become more important among merchants due to its faster resolution and cost savings for both parties, and therefore, access to new communication technologies by the global community has led to the emergence of arbitration in the virtual world and become a matter of concern. Therefore, arbitrators accept certain duties under the arbitration agreement between the parties, which, if not fulfilled, may result in civil liability for breach of contract and consequently, cause material and moral damages and establish causation. In general, the legal system of customary law has accepted immunity (exemption) from liability for international arbitrators, and in written legal systems and the arbitration system of Iran, the principle of civil liability of arbitrators has been accepted. The question that arises in the mind of the writer is what effects and provisions are applicable to the civil liability of arbitrators in virtual arbitration? In response, it should be said that due to the lack of independent, explicit, comprehensive, and coherent laws and regulations on the civil liability of arbitrators in virtual space in domestic and international areas and the fact that virtual arbitration is essentially similar to traditional arbitration, and only differ in formalities and procedures governing the process, it seems that the issue of civil liability of arbitrators in traditional and virtual arbitration does not have much difference in terms of effects and provisions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Children's Health And rights In Cyberspace.
Mohammad Taati sereshke Seyedeh Maryam Asadi nejadRight is the most central concept of legal science, the ambiguity in its definition and description causes misplaced expectations and, as a result, the feeling of injustice. According to the abstract concept of right, the researcher should go to analytical tools to get MoreRight is the most central concept of legal science, the ambiguity in its definition and description causes misplaced expectations and, as a result, the feeling of injustice. According to the abstract concept of right, the researcher should go to analytical tools to get rid of the misconception, using Hofeld's theory in identifying and expanding the types of rights helps the researcher.The right of the child has been given special support by the institution of society due to their special position in the foundation of the future of human society on the one hand and their vulnerability as the first ones who are exposed to the direct attack of harm. Of course, how children's rights are violated is different in different parts of the world. In developing countries, children mostly face poverty and its consequences such as malnutrition, lack of health, medical and educational facilities. And in developed countries, moral problems and the weakness of the family foundation plague them. In any case, the main players in this arena, namely the family, the private sector, and the government, should try to protect everyone from this concept in an all-round interaction.Loneliness, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem and physical problems such as diabetes and dry eyes are some of the possible problems of children in excessive use or early entry into cyber space.Addiction to this space has reduced the child's motivation to interact with others, which has negative effects on his (her) personal communication and social interactions. One of the easiest ways to prevent this problem is to limit the time you use the Internet.The expansion of cyberspace and the great impact of this field on the life and norm of the need to protect the rights of the children in this field, The author's attempt in this article is to use the descriptive and analytical method to identify the right and its analytical structure, define the child and virtual space and health and health and also identify his rights in the relationship between the child and the virtual space in the relevant laws of Iran and Other international laws and documents are discussed and called for moderationIn the current research, the ethical aspects of library study, including the authenticity of texts, honesty and trustworthiness, have been observed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - The Effect of the Quality of the Support Spaces of High-rise Complexes on the Satisfaction Level of Residents Case Study: Residential Complex of Chamran street, Shiraz
mohammad kazemi Hadi Keshmiri Zeynab Barzegari Jeihoini<p>Housing has other objectives such as providing multiple services and providing the needs of people living in that place. When the decision to determine a specified location for the residence, it is important to provide an acceptable level of satisfaction. People are More<p>Housing has other objectives such as providing multiple services and providing the needs of people living in that place. When the decision to determine a specified location for the residence, it is important to provide an acceptable level of satisfaction. People are satisfied with their residence time that they meet their needs. People are the most important factors in architecture; therefore designers and architects need to try and work towards providing and promoting the level of satisfaction in residential complexes. In order to investigate the promotion of satisfaction and its influential factors in high - rise residential complexes , support spaces are considered. The research method is descriptive - analytical and based on the applied goal. The method of data collection was library method and for main data of research , field method was considered. The data collection tool is edinterviews with residents of residential complex in chamran campus using questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed by using spss25 software. The results showed that the first priority of supporting space related to service spaces such as the existence of lift and …, after that the existence of garbage dump in the complex, then existence of safe spaces with safety and perfect security for children and existence of shops in order to meet the needs of collection for residents were important.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Effective Strategies for Promoting Motivation in Children with Intellectual Disabilities Based on Environmental Psychology
Sara mohammadzadeh akbari Mahdi hamzenejad Razie Fathi<p>The current research seeks to provide effective solutions on the emotional and motivational development of mentally retarded children based on environmental psychology. The aim of this research is to provide a purposeful environment for the mental and educational dev More<p>The current research seeks to provide effective solutions on the emotional and motivational development of mentally retarded children based on environmental psychology. The aim of this research is to provide a purposeful environment for the mental and educational development of children with mental disabilities by examining the psychology of the educational environment. Mentally retarded children are physically, intellectually, emotionally and behaviorally different from other people and therefore they need special environments to empower their intelligence. In this research; First, By using study -library documents-, the basics of mentally retarded children and their disorders (conditions), as well as the psychology of the children's environment and the factors affecting the environment, have been studied, and then the relationship between the psychology of the environment and the needs of mentally retarded children has been investigated using descriptive-analytical methods. The current research aims to improve the states and disorders of mentally retarded children through the use of optimal environmental design solutions to cause their motivational growth. The findings showed that factors such as color, materials and form in the space can have a significant effect on the intellectual ability of mentally retarded children. So that by using these factors, optimal design solutions are obtained in order to solve each of their disorders and as a result increase their motivation.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Examining the Appropriate Strategies for Daylight Efficiency in Order to Improve the Quality of the Interior Space (A Case Study of Optical Channels)
Seyedeh Maryam Mojtabavi Shakila Sedaghat<p>In addition to creating visual comfort, the proper use of light and natural lighting in the interior can have positive effects on the physical and mental health, behaviors and attitudes, as well as the moods and performance of the residents. Also, natural daylight ca More<p>In addition to creating visual comfort, the proper use of light and natural lighting in the interior can have positive effects on the physical and mental health, behaviors and attitudes, as well as the moods and performance of the residents. Also, natural daylight can reduce the demand for electric lighting system, so it is necessary to address this issue in indoor environments. The general purpose of this research is to understand the role of daylight in order to improve the quality of indoor space and increase human health, as well as to provide a solution for the optimal use of sunlight. In this regard, it seeks to answer the question of how daylight can be transferred to the interior space and what effects does its existence have on the various aspects of the audience's health? The method of the present research is qualitative in nature and practical in terms of purpose, and the method of library and documentary studies has been used to collect information. The results of the current research have discussed the importance of the role and concept of daylight in interior spaces and how to use it properly and show that lighting is done by high-quality light channels compared to direct lighting from the building shell or traditional skylights. to be As a result, it can be said that the optical channel is a suitable choice for the transmission of daylight. This system transmits high-quality daylight to the depth of the building and provides lighting for spaces without daylight, and finally by responding to human needs, it improves the quality of indoor spaces and the physical, mental, social and cognitive health of humans. ; Therefore, the optical channel can be used as one of the effective methods of using daylight.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Repetitive Propositions in the Concept of Space Dialectic in Architecture
Mahmoud Azhdari<p>The term "dialectic of space" in architecture refers to the contradictions and interactions present within spaces. These contradictions may encompass elements such as lightness and darkness, density and spatiality, as well as mutual aspects like internal and external More<p>The term "dialectic of space" in architecture refers to the contradictions and interactions present within spaces. These contradictions may encompass elements such as lightness and darkness, density and spatiality, as well as mutual aspects like internal and external factors. In architecture, this concept mostly addresses the design of spaces and their influence on human behavior and emotions. One of the most frequently cited propositions in the context of space dialectics is the pursuit of balance amidst contradictions. Designing spaces involves striving to achieve a balance among different elements including light and darkness, open and closed space, indoor and outdoor space, and more, which is considered as one of the basic principles. This balance can contribute to harmonizing people's moods and emotions while facilitating optimal utilization of space. Another important aspect of space dialectic is the interference and interaction among diverse elements. Spaces can be more attractive by creating interference and interaction between different components. In other words, spaces with diversity and multiplicity factors exert the greatest impact on people's behavior and emotions, potentially generating attractive and dynamic qualities within spaces. Additionally, a recurring proposition emphasizes the connection with the environment. Spaces should establish links with their surroundings and cultivate positive relationships with them, achieved through the integration with natural landscapes, connectivity with adjacent spaces, or even integration with urban spaces. According to these frequent propositions, architectural designers can develop spaces that exert a greater impact on the residents’ behavior and emotions, fostering environments that are both appealing and diverse. These principles aid designers in creating high-quality and suitable spaces for human life and work.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Designing and Explaining the Conceptual Model of Training Female School Employees in Virtual Space
Abadaleh Ah,madi Nader Shahamat Moslem Salehi hamed khoramshokuh<p>Considering the numerous challenges in online education, this research aims to compile and design a new and innovative model of virtual education. In the qualitative phase, among the qualitative research strategies, the grounded theory was used to develop a comprehen More<p>Considering the numerous challenges in online education, this research aims to compile and design a new and innovative model of virtual education. In the qualitative phase, among the qualitative research strategies, the grounded theory was used to develop a comprehensive model that includes causal factors, intervening factors, contextual factors, and conceptual model strategies for training female school employees in virtual space. Interviews were used as the primary data collection tool. Based on the obtained results, a total of 143 concepts and 21 categories or open codes were identified and extracted. The 21 identified categories were placed in the 6 main grounded data categories. Based on the results of the qualitative method, a questionnaire based on the extracted model was compiled and provided to female teachers. According to the results of the structural equation modeling of the questionnaire data, causal relationships with a factor loading of 0.435 and a T-statistic of 9.624 have a direct and significant effect on the main category. Therefore, causal conditions have a positive and significant effect on the main category. The main category, with a factor loading of 0.471 and a T-statistic of 7.734, has a direct and significant effect on strategies. The main category positively and significantly affects strategies. Strategies, with a factor loading of 0.512, affect the outcomes. Strategies have a positive and significant impact on outcomes. Intervening conditions have a direct and significant effect on the outcomes with a factor loading of 0.491. Therefore, intervening conditions positively and significantly affect the strategy. Finally, the contextual conditions, with a factor loading of 0.529, have a direct effect on the outcomes. Contextual conditions have a positive and significant effect on the strategy. In the end, the statistical validity of the model was confirmed.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - The role of the orientation of Isfahan houses in the natural lighting of spaces adjacent to the central courtyard: Historical houses of Isfahan city.
ساناز رهروی پوده<p>One of the influential factors in building design is their proper orientation regarding the placement of the sun and the optimal utilization of natural light. Research conducted on buildings constructed in Iran has referred to three orientations (directions): the ori More<p>One of the influential factors in building design is their proper orientation regarding the placement of the sun and the optimal utilization of natural light. Research conducted on buildings constructed in Iran has referred to three orientations (directions): the orientation of urban buildings relative to sunlight, wind direction, and generally the appropriate use of optimal climatic conditions. This article aims to investigate the orientation of courtyard houses in the city of Isfahan, built during the Safavid and Qajar periods, and its impact on the illumination of facades and spaces situated in each direction. The main research question is based on the orientation of houses, both in terms of direction and angle, and how it has affected the illumination of facades and consequently the spaces. The purpose of this research is to study the role of the orientation of houses in the illumination of spaces. The method employed in this study is qualitative research, and data collection utilized both library and field methods, with data analysis conducted using descriptive methods. The results of this research indicate that the orientation of houses on a north-south axis in winter, based on the Isfahan pattern, performs better than other angles for Tehran-style illumination (winter-oriented). However, overall, none of the orientations had a significant impact on facade illumination. Nonetheless, the varied placement angles in historical houses not built according to the Isfahan pattern were not climate-dependent but rather created based on the shape of the land and its axial alignment.</p> Manuscript profile
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