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Open Access Article
1 - The role of companies on environmental pollution and its effects on women's health (Case study of female employees of Assaluyeh Petrochemicals)
ِDavood HoseiniRad Hadi Abdi Ahmad Hashemi Mahdi ArshadiThe main purpose of this study was to investigate the role and social commitment of companies on environmental damage and its consequences and effects on the health and health of employees. Case study of female staff of Assaluyeh Petrochemicals. This study examines the MoreThe main purpose of this study was to investigate the role and social commitment of companies on environmental damage and its consequences and effects on the health and health of employees. Case study of female staff of Assaluyeh Petrochemicals. This study examines the role, commitment, and support of petrochemicals on the health, health, and staffing of women in relation to pollution and its detrimental effects on the environment. Assaluyeh Petrochemicals. In this research, it is an applied research and a descriptive survey. Our statistical population consists of petrochemical workers in the south of the country who have been involved in bladder cancer and most of these patients are those whose working conditions are such that they should be kept in open space outside office sites and buildings. They are involved in industrial pollution such as green space, repairs, and so on. The statistical population of this study consisted of 58 patients who were selected using the Cochran formula. Accounting plays an important role in corporate social responsibility, environmental crises, existing standards and standards, revenues and costs, and insurance franchises. According to the results of the hypotheses, there is a direct relationship between the role and commitment of petrochemical managers due to its pollutants and its detrimental effects on the environment and the health and health of its female employees. Thus, the incidence of bladder cancer among petrochemical workers is directly related to their work environment. The results show that there is a direct and meaningful relationship between the role and social commitment of companies and the health and health of female employees and their environment. Therefore, managers should play an important role in reducing the illness and health of their employees with the responsibilities they are responsible for, as well as supporting their franchisees with an appropriate insurance franchise for their medical expenses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Survey of Social Responsibility of Women Compared to Men (Case Study: Shiraz Financial Staff)
Seyedeh zeinab ghaemi bob anari MohammadReza MeygoonpooriThe social responsibility of the organization, which has been an issue of concern and an eye catching issue in recent years, is an essential factor for the survival of any organization. Demographic characteristics influence social responsibility. The purpose of this stu MoreThe social responsibility of the organization, which has been an issue of concern and an eye catching issue in recent years, is an essential factor for the survival of any organization. Demographic characteristics influence social responsibility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the social responsibility of women in comparison with men among the financial staff of Shiraz. The purpose of this study was to conduct a survey based on the purpose of applied research. The statistical population included the financial staff of Shiraz in 1398. The sample size of the study was 96 persons. A two-part questionnaire including Carroll's (1991) demographic and social responsibility questionnaire was used for data collection. In this study, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed and the reliability of the questionnaire was measured by Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed by means of independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Findings showed that the social responsibility of the financial staff was assessed. In addition, the findings of the study showed that there is a significant difference between the level of social responsibility with the variables of gender and education so that the tendency of women to social responsibility is higher than that of men. In the face of problems, they make more responsible decisions and take responsibility There is a significant difference among financial staff with master's degree than financial staff with associate's and bachelor's degree, and the results show that education is different in the two groups of men and women so that the average group of women is larger than the average group. However, there is no significant difference between social responsibility and marital status, work experience, and age. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Psychometric Adequacy of Persian Version of Women Sexual Schema
Jhale Refahi Nasir Dastan maryam behnamThe sexual schema is a part of self that is believed to be crucial for intrapersonal and interpersonal sexual relationships. This study aims to examine the validity of the Persian version of the women sexual schema questionnaire in Iranian society. The sample is consist MoreThe sexual schema is a part of self that is believed to be crucial for intrapersonal and interpersonal sexual relationships. This study aims to examine the validity of the Persian version of the women sexual schema questionnaire in Iranian society. The sample is consisting of 360 married women chosen by multi-stage cluster sampling from Shiraz. The extracted factors from this scale in this study were not the same as those found in the original form of the female sexual schema scale. The scale of women's sexual schema in Iranian society consisted of four factors, namely: open-minded-direct, passionate-romantic, attractive, and embarrassed-conservative. Also, the results of the women's scale validity were reported through the correlation coefficients of the subscales with the desired total score. Moreover, examines show that the Persian versions of women sexual schema's scales have acceptable reliability. The clinical psychologists and family counselors can use and benefit from this scale to identify the women's sexual schema for searching and treatment activities in clinical and counseling settings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Psychometric Adequacy of Persian Version of Women Sexual Schema
ژاله رفاهیIntroduction: The sexual self-schema is a part of a broader concept of the self that is believed to be crucial for intrapersonal and interpersonal sexual relationships. Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the validity of Persian version of women sexual schem MoreIntroduction: The sexual self-schema is a part of a broader concept of the self that is believed to be crucial for intrapersonal and interpersonal sexual relationships. Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the validity of Persian version of women sexual schema questionnaire in an Iranian society. Method: The sample is consisting of 360 married women chosen by multi-stage cluster sampling. Results: The factors extracted from this scale in this study were not the same to those found in the original form of the female sexual schema scale. The scale of women's sexual schema in Iranian society consisted of four factors, namely open-direct, passionate-romantic, attractive, and embarrassed-conservative. Also, the report about examining the validity of factor structure of the women scale by mean of correlation coefficients of subscales with total score was optimal. Moreover, examines show that the Persian versions of women sexual schema's scales have acceptable reliability. Conclusion: The clinical psychologists and family counselors can use and benefit this scale to identify the women sexual schema for searching and treatment activities in clinical and counselling settings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Sexual schemas and psychological well-being in married women: Investigating the mediating role of sexual function
Reza Chalme Fateme AbdollahiThe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of sexual function in the relationship between sexual schemas and psychological well-being in married women. The descriptive research method was a constraint type which was performed using structural equation m MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of sexual function in the relationship between sexual schemas and psychological well-being in married women. The descriptive research method was a constraint type which was performed using structural equation modelling method. The statistical population included married women from Shiraz. Using the available sampling method, 150 people were selected. Assessment tools included women's sexual performance index questionnaires (Rosen et al., 2000), sexual schema (Anderson and Sirvanowski, 1994), and psychological well-being (Reef, 1995). The data collected were analyzed in two descriptive levels (using mean, standard deviation) and inferential (using correlation coefficient and structural equation modelling with amos-21 software). The results showed that passionate-romantic and explicit-comfortable schemas had a positive and significant relationship and shy-cautious schemas had a negative and significant relationship with psychological well-being in married women. Sexual function was also a positive and significant predictor of psychological well-being. In addition, the results indicated that sexual function was able to mediate between passionate and romantic schemas and psychological well-being. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that sexual schemas both directly and through sexual function can affect the psychological well-being of married women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Women and Endowment/vaqf (case study: Tehran city in the Qajar and Pahlavi Eras )
parvaneh shahhoseyniPeople's voluntary contributions and activities to manage various affairs, especially in supportive affairs and poverty alleviation, have always been a part of human activities. Endowment or vaqf is one of the ways of social contribution that social groups, including wo MorePeople's voluntary contributions and activities to manage various affairs, especially in supportive affairs and poverty alleviation, have always been a part of human activities. Endowment or vaqf is one of the ways of social contribution that social groups, including women, are engaged in. The purpose of this research is to identify how women in Tehran participated in vaqf-related social activities during the Qajar and Pahlavi periods. The research method is documentary-descriptive. The statistical population includes all the endower women of Tehran city in the studied periods whose information is available. The vaqf-related data of these endower women were collected from valid sources, and were analyzed using statistical methods and AHP model. The findings show that the women of Tehran, having the right to own property and financial independence, have had the opportunity to participate in social affairs according to their tendency. Although in both studied periods, the religious motivation for vaqf had a higher position than other motivations, during the Qajar period, part of the development and Construction process of Tehran city has been accomplished through vaqf. The type of endowment sites is closely related to the social class of the endowers. Therefore, since most of the women in the city of Tehran during the Qajar period were mainly from the aristocracy and the lords, their most endowed sites is commercial, with a tendency towards dokan (old small store or shop), which in the Pahlavi era, was replaced with residential sites, especially home. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Performance of Agricultural Development Cooperatives in Women's Employment and Production of Agricultural Products in the Villages of Savojbolagh (Alborz Province)
nasrollah molaeihashjin Mohammadbaset Ghoreshi Akbar Motamedi MehrAgricultural production cooperatives are a suitable solution to achieve the economic and social development and realizing for realizing social justice. Based on this, the main aim of this study was describing the performance of agricultural production cooperatives in ru MoreAgricultural production cooperatives are a suitable solution to achieve the economic and social development and realizing for realizing social justice. Based on this, the main aim of this study was describing the performance of agricultural production cooperatives in rural women employment, that was a case study in 28 villages that have cooperative company in Savojbolagh town in Alborz province. For this study descriptive-analytical method was applied. Statistical population include "villager members and managers of cooperative" with 708 persons and the samples volume for survey with questionnaire tool by Cochran method, was estimates 250 samples. The obtained results from descriptive and inferential statistics have showed the 6 types related to establishment of agricultural cooperative companies in these villages between 1981 to 2016 years, that the weighed average of the most of types were less than average and this show that the role of agricultural cooperative companies has not important and sensible in development of women employment. However the results of Chi 2 test has confirmed the hypothesis of the survey, but we should not forget that the effects of cooperative companies in employment and increasing income and reducing immigration of rural women, were low and investment and planning should be performed for improving the performance of cooperative companies and upgrading the situation of the women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Recognition of the religious approach in the field of women's employment in Iran: challenges, opportunities and Policy options
Nader MotiHaghshenasWomen's employment has always been discussed in various dimensions. The creation of paradox in the field of women's employment has raised questions among thinkers in the economic, social, moral, and religious spheres. The argument of this article is to see what is Islam MoreWomen's employment has always been discussed in various dimensions. The creation of paradox in the field of women's employment has raised questions among thinkers in the economic, social, moral, and religious spheres. The argument of this article is to see what is Islam's approach to women's employment? What are the obstacles and challenges facing the issue of women's employment in an Islamic society? This research has tried to analyze the economic and living conditions of women by documenting the systematic and exploratory study by reviewing the systematic studies conducted in this field and the theoretical considerations taken from the Islamic point of view, emphasizing its adaptation to the original religious teachings in Islamic Iran. Pay attention to the main purpose. The findings show that although Islam has given women the principle of economic independence, women are both the owners of their labor and production and have no responsibility for the family's economy, but in the context of handing over labor to women in Islam, the interests of society, the family It also takes into account individual circumstances and issues, which create limitations for women's work. Certificates of cognitive population show that women's economic participation has increased from 12.93 percent in the 1976 census to 16 percent in the 2016 census, indicating a change in the participation of women in the Islamic economy, a change in their personal and social identities. An increase in the number of female graduates, women’s employment in different economic sectors and increase in women's activity in management sectors compared to previous decades indicate a significant growth. However, the lack of equal opportunities in favor to men to find jobs, lower wages than men and the unemployment rate of women, especially in higher education, the existence of some social and cultural restrictions on women's employment, attitudes and misconceptions. Compared to the competence of women in various jobs, the expansion of gender inequality in access to resources and the consequent increase in harm due to the lack of readiness and recognition of society are the main concern and challenge of women's employment in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Analyzing the Contrast of Women Approaches in Story Literature; Focusing on Holy Defense Stories
حمید رضایی jahangir safari ابراهيم ظاهري روحالله كريميWomen, as composing half of society population, have significant roles in contemporary period’s social and cultural changes and their effective presence in society is manifested in many stories. Using Descriptive-phenomenological approach, this article attempts to analy MoreWomen, as composing half of society population, have significant roles in contemporary period’s social and cultural changes and their effective presence in society is manifested in many stories. Using Descriptive-phenomenological approach, this article attempts to analyze four groups of women, i.e. traditional women, Iranian culture-advocate women, westernized women, and wandering women in five contemporary novels. Traditional women are usually those homemakers or housekeepers paying attention just to domestic matters. Iranian culture-advocate women are those involved in social and political activities outside home and consider supporting and defensing Iranian culture ideals and doctrines as their own duties. Another group, i.e. westernized women, make claims about internal matters of country, support western culture, seek basic and fundamental reformations and protest against the current situation. Wandering women are not interested in western culture and do not follow and support Iranian domestic culture, but they are wandering in-between these two cultures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A Survry to the Features of Feminine Traditional and Modern Identity in Parvin Etesami’s Poetry
مریم صادقی گیوی بهاره پرهیزکاریParvin is a poet expressing the isolation and the constraints imposed on women by her contemporaries. She delved into the prevalent beliefs and ill-treatment of the women of her time, which mainly originated from the women themselves, and attempted to evaluate them care MoreParvin is a poet expressing the isolation and the constraints imposed on women by her contemporaries. She delved into the prevalent beliefs and ill-treatment of the women of her time, which mainly originated from the women themselves, and attempted to evaluate them carefully and realistically so that she could find solutions. She was a pioneer poet in this regard. This article analyzes Parvin’s view on women which at the same time is traditional and modern. On the one hand, she admires women as mothers and wives, which entails the features like endurance, kindness, compassion, purity and chastity. On the other hand, she stresses the effective fulfilling of these functions through education and originality of their thoughts. Their relations to their spouses would be based on mutual understanding rather than obedience; they could raise their children in such a way that they would serve the society efficiently. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A Survey to the Narrative Time in the Play of "Moonlight Women, Sunny Man"
مهدی نیکمنش سونا سلیمیانIn the few decades that narratology has been introduced as a science, narratologists have tried to explore its universal structure by finding specific narrative patterns for different aspects of story writing, including narrative time. The French theorist, Gerard Genett MoreIn the few decades that narratology has been introduced as a science, narratologists have tried to explore its universal structure by finding specific narrative patterns for different aspects of story writing, including narrative time. The French theorist, Gerard Genette, has posed an autonomous theory on "the parameter of time and its function and place in narration". According to him, timing arrangement in a narration is got through order, duration, and frequency. Studying and contrasting them against real time, one can determine the place of time in the process of story. Studying narrative time of in the play of "Moonlight Women, Sunny Man" by Chista Yaserbi shows that Yasrebi, avoiding the usual time sequence, and moving from chronological time to the text time, has made different selections and provided flashback and futurist narratives. Such selections and their especial timing plays a significant role in arranging the components of the plot, as well as suspense. Moerover, studying duration and frequency of the events narrated in this play, shows that the events enjoy an appropriate beat and speed according to the author's purpose. Regarding principles of narratology, there is a direct and significant correlation between content of the play and the speed of narrating the events, their repetition and frequency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Study of the Evolution of Maternal Contents in the Poetry of Some Poetesses from the Period of Constitutionalism up to Present
مریم عاملی رضاییWomen’s Poetry has always been the field of expressing their emotions. Maternity is the purist of the feminine emotions reflected in the poems of both men and women. Extending feminine poetry in contemporary period, maternal images have also been depicted in it by the p MoreWomen’s Poetry has always been the field of expressing their emotions. Maternity is the purist of the feminine emotions reflected in the poems of both men and women. Extending feminine poetry in contemporary period, maternal images have also been depicted in it by the poetesses themselves. The objective of the present article is to study maternal contents in the poems of Iranian famous poetesses from the period of Constitutionalism to the present, say, Jale Qaem Maqami, Parvin E’tesami, Foruq Farokhzad, Simin Behbahani. It focuses on the fact that emerging modern thinking and individualism introduced the content of separation between mother and child to the feminine poetry. It also studies the ascent and descent of expressing maternal contents in their poetry. Although the nature of maternal emotion is the same, it worth mentioning that it can be affected by factors like the life, beliefs and world view of a poetess herself, the social changes of her time that make some contents more prevailing than the other ones. Findings of the present research shows that the main contents of this type are expressing mother and child emotions, mother and child talk, training child by mother, mothers view on the world and universe. Studying maternal contents in the poetry of every poetess, we will follow its changes regarding their time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Recognizing the Women in “Safvat al- Safa”
azar akbarzade ebrahimiSafvat al-safa is one of the mystical books in the 8th century written by Ebn e Bazzaz about the characteristics of Sheikh Safi Ardabili. This book, written in late Mongol era, has been always considered as a historical document because it illustrates the features of My MoreSafvat al-safa is one of the mystical books in the 8th century written by Ebn e Bazzaz about the characteristics of Sheikh Safi Ardabili. This book, written in late Mongol era, has been always considered as a historical document because it illustrates the features of Mysticism and Sufism in that era especially in the west of Iran. Discovering the identity of the characters in the book while some of which have not been studied so far, gives us more information about Mysticism before the advent of Safavid. By studying the book Safvat- al-safa, we figure out the effective role of women in this era. Some of them were mystics or disciples of sheikh Safi and some of them were prominent characters in that era due to their influence on the government and society, besides their mystic trends. In this research, after the introduction, by presenting examples from stories in Safvat al-safa, 15 women are introduced in two fields of mysticism and politics , and their roles in these fields are studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Studying the Trends in Fictions Written By Iranian Immigrants
Reza ShajariIn recent decades, Iranian immigration and in particular the migration of the writers and the publication of their works have created a special phenomenon. Literary texts created by those writers and poets who are living abroad have established certain tendencies, trend MoreIn recent decades, Iranian immigration and in particular the migration of the writers and the publication of their works have created a special phenomenon. Literary texts created by those writers and poets who are living abroad have established certain tendencies, trends and particular literary approaches outside the borders of the country. The collective body of literary works created abroad, have been named differently by different critic based on the characteristics and features that they have outlined. The authors’ issues, how they have left the country, how long they have been living abroad, and the content of their works are of great importance in defining and classifying these literary works. Furthermore, different trends can be identified in stories written abroad. In the present article, stories written by Iranian immigrants are analyzed as politics-oriented, identity-oriented, and women's stories. In the '60s up-to-the mid-'70s the politics-oriented stories are the most frequent ones. This trend is emerged by political groups and activists, and focuses on the revolution and the issues surrounding it. From the mid-70s onwards, the identity-oriented trend became the major one. In this trend, themes such as the differences between the motherland and the other-land, and the ways the immigrants encounter the new world are highlighted through the narratives about identity. Also, there were many immigrant female writers who narrated the lives and issues of female immigrants from a feminine perspective. In these stories, the ways in which women face the new world and the issues they encountered in Iran are amongst the main themes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - A Critical Analysis of Women’s Role in Sindbad-Nameh
Shiva Kamali Asl Habibollah Abbasi effat neghabi esmat khoeiniLiterature is a mirror that reflects the culture, and fictional texts are an appropriate ground upon which these cultural reflections in a variety of fields, including issues related to female status could be examined. In this research, two anecdotes were selected from MoreLiterature is a mirror that reflects the culture, and fictional texts are an appropriate ground upon which these cultural reflections in a variety of fields, including issues related to female status could be examined. In this research, two anecdotes were selected from Sindbad-Nameh to analyze the female role. Although the text of Sinbad-Nameh has been produced in a historical misogynistic context, there are many examples of the female power in it. This paper, with a descriptive-analytical approach, studies the text based on Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis method, at three levels of description, interpretation and explanation, to analyze the mechanisms of the representations of the female power. As a result, it was concluded that the women in this work have an active and powerful presence and that their active role in shaping the anecdote process is evident. Also, despite the negative attitude towards women, the signs of their hidden power can be observed. In this work, Women use intangible means of power such as language, tact, intelligence and politics to achieve their goals and if the ways to gain the constructive and lofty goals are closed to them, that power is sometimes misused. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Analysis of Women's Storytelling after the Islamic Revolution Based on the Cognitive Current
sepideh seyyed faraji Farhad Tahmasbi Ruqayyah SadraieAfter the victory of the Islamic Revolution, women's storytelling has developed. Both the number of female writers has increased and the themes of the stories have become more diverse. The political and social atmosphere after the revolution has also provided the ground MoreAfter the victory of the Islamic Revolution, women's storytelling has developed. Both the number of female writers has increased and the themes of the stories have become more diverse. The political and social atmosphere after the revolution has also provided the ground for the expansion and diversity of women's storytelling. In most of what women have written, the focus of the story and characters is on the issue of women. Some women in their stories search for their feminine selves and reflect this identification from the perspective of female narratives; This section of women's works deals with female narratives that describe the female world (in terms of identity, emotion, gender, etc.). Some of the works of women reflect the political and social issues of the time. In these stories, the role of women in politics and society is generally shown, most of these stories refer to the role of women in the revolution and the war. Some female writers also write popular narratives of life and society for audiences that are generally female. A number of other women narrate the contrast between tradition and modernity, sometimes arguing for tradition and sometimes protesting against prevailing traditions and beliefs. This study has been done to identify and introduce the currents of women's storytelling in the post-revolutionary years. Therefore, based on a cognitive current model, this reserch categorizes and introduces several currents of women's storytelling. To separate and recognize the currents, three factors have been considered: first, the political and social context of the emergence of the current is introduced, then the focal points of the current are shown, and finally, the initiators and continuators of the current are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Investigating the evolution of modern humanism of female characters in Persian novels
Parivash Mirzaeyan jahangir safari Narges BagheriModernity and modern humanism have played an essential role in the growth of Iranian women's minds. One of the sources which reflect the changes and developments of modernity and modern humanism is Persian novels. This article based on Anthony Giddens' viewpoint inv MoreModernity and modern humanism have played an essential role in the growth of Iranian women's minds. One of the sources which reflect the changes and developments of modernity and modern humanism is Persian novels. This article based on Anthony Giddens' viewpoint investigates the effects of modernity on Iranian women by reviewing selected Persian novels which were published in this three periods of time: from 1300 to 1320, from 1320 to 1345 , and from 1345 to 1357 . The research demonstrates that generally in the first period, the evolution caused by the prevalence of modern humanism has not been able to liberate women thinking from traditional perspectives. In the second period, growing the popularity of modernity elements has provided a variety of human interests and desires for women. Although increasing feminist ideas shows the prevalence of modern rationalism in this period, behavioral contradictions between women reveals the superficiality of the viewpoint among them. Overindulgence in following instinctive desires in the third period indicates a jump in humanistic thinking. During this period, the passivity caused by fatalism has also been criticized by the authors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Comparative Review of Reformist and Fundamentalist Currents toward Political Participation of Women in Islamic Republic of Iran (1997-2005)
Mohammad Abedi Ardakani پروین عظیمیSince the victory of Islamic Republic of Iran up to now, there emerged two significant and effective intellectual and political currents. The first current which could be called from intellectual dimension as “Juristic Islamism Current” and from political dimension as “ MoreSince the victory of Islamic Republic of Iran up to now, there emerged two significant and effective intellectual and political currents. The first current which could be called from intellectual dimension as “Juristic Islamism Current” and from political dimension as “Fundamentalism current”, got its climax political power in first and third decades of Islamic Revolution and it still keeps its power today. In contrast, the second current which could be called from intellectual dimension as “religious new thinkers” and from political aspect as the “Reformism current” reached its climax political power in the second decade of Revolution and from then on its is declining. The main purpose of this article is to comparatively review these two currents regarding the issue of women’s rights, particularly in relation to their political participation and its main hypothesis is as follows: “the different intellectual and religious principles of these two currents caused an inconsistency in their position toward the issue of women’s rights, particularly in relation to their political participations. To evaluate this hypothesis, using the descriptive-analytical method, it is tried to review intellectual and religious alphabets of these two currents and compare particularly these two in relation to political participation and family. The findings of this research shows that their attitudes toward the issue of women’s rights have significant differences in one hand, and in other hand, these differences are basically due to their different but inflexible interpretations of religion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Constitutional Thinkers' Perception of the Concept of Equality
mohamad ali tavana Mohammad kamkari Mohammad Javad Mostafavi MontazeriSimultaneously with the constitutional movement and the change of the political system from (absolute monarchy to constitutionalism), the debate over the idea of equality became popular among the thinkers of this era. But the question is that what was the thinkers’ atti MoreSimultaneously with the constitutional movement and the change of the political system from (absolute monarchy to constitutionalism), the debate over the idea of equality became popular among the thinkers of this era. But the question is that what was the thinkers’ attitude of this age (constitutionalists and sharia seekers (Mashroehkhahan)) about equality? Based on the four categories of ontological meaning, dimensions, realm and scope of inclusion, the present article examines the perception of constitutional thinkers of equality. The method of the present article is text-based reading. The findings of the study are as follows: Constitutionalist religious thinkers such as Naini and Mahallati emphasized the legal (rather than natural) equality of the nation, including the equality of religious minorities and women in civil and social dimensions (rather than religious). And they recognized specifically political equality only for the wise men of the nation. Constitutionalist secular thinkers such as Akhundzadeh and Talibov, and moderate constitutionalist thinkers such as Mostashar al-Dawla and Malkum Khan at the same time emphasized the natural and legal equality of the nation in the civil, social and political dimensions in the public sphere. In contrast, sharia seekers (Mashroehkhahan) such as Sheikh Fazlullah Nouri, Ali Akbar Tabrizi, and Najafi Marandi believed in natural inequality (especially from a religious perspective) and saw the civil, socio-political equality of religious minorities and women as opposed to the inherent superiority of Islam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Analysis of Metaphors of Women's Exclusion from Politics In Medieval Mirror for Princes
fatemeh zolfagharian h aThe sphere of politics has long been defined based on a masculine approach and women have been neglected and have not been given a clear and prominent position in the politics. Even in the Western philosophy, which is known as a manifestation of rationalism, women are r MoreThe sphere of politics has long been defined based on a masculine approach and women have been neglected and have not been given a clear and prominent position in the politics. Even in the Western philosophy, which is known as a manifestation of rationalism, women are recognized as the second sex, on the assumption that intelligence is a masculine character. Due to the fact that the status and position of women in the mirror of princes in different periods, is one of the ways that can clarify this status in different historical ages, in this article their rejection or acceptance by epistemological systems has been analyzed. What appears in the mirror of princes as prominent political texts in the Medieval is a depiction of a creature called woman who was nowhere present and, therefore, men have drawn their appearance as they liked. But the question is: what metaphors were in medieval the mirror of princes and historical texts that have reinforced the exclusion and marginalization of women? For this purpose, here the prepositions of the political texts and governance literature have been examined with the theoretical framework of metaphorical analysis and classification of metaphors into three titles: metaphor of creation, metaphor of governance and philosophical metaphor of masculine intellect. This article is based on a hypothesis in which women were excluded and confined to a private life for many years, and such metaphors have played a special and effective role in removing women from the political arena. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - A Comparative Study of Bouransasani’s Monarchy in The Ferdowsi’s Shahname and Historical Sources (in a Critical Review of a Challenging Verse)
Akram Joudi NematiBouran became as the ruler of Sassanid Empire just before downfall of the empire and she was praised in Shahnameh; however, at the beginning of Bouran’s reign, Ferdowsi quotes: “there was a girl named Bouran/ things do not go well, when a woman becomes king”. This verse MoreBouran became as the ruler of Sassanid Empire just before downfall of the empire and she was praised in Shahnameh; however, at the beginning of Bouran’s reign, Ferdowsi quotes: “there was a girl named Bouran/ things do not go well, when a woman becomes king”. This verse has an obvious contradiction with next verses and and according to this verse, it seems that the decay of empire at that time was a result of her reign. In order to answer to the question of "which of the two contradictions is true" and "what could be the cause of the mentioned contradiction", the article author has compared the Shahnameh's claim about Bouran's statecraft with historical sources. Research data show that there’s no report of inefficiency in Bouran’s governance, and all historians, in more detail than Ferdowsi, have reported her governing as good. So, why did Ferdowsi compose such a poem? The author, by proposing related hypotheses, concludes that this verse is not related to how Bouran governs, but it has been due to Ferdowsi's commitment to the presuppositions that were formed in related to the religious beliefs in his time. Tracing the presuppositions leads us to a hadith of the Prophet (PBUH): "A nation that leaves its affairs to a woman will never be successful.” The hadith documents do not confirm its validity, and its not even mentioned about in early Shiite sources; But its socio-cultural shadow has led to the presumption that if a woman becomes monarch, the country will be ruined. So, the poet has remained in contradiction between those historical facts and this social presupposition, and the result has been a contradiction in composing the story of Bouran. However, the Shahnameh as a whole, does not confirm the society negative view to the women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Comparative Study of Islamic and Western Perspective of Women’s participation in economic activities
Soheila BiriaWomen make up half of the world’s population. Therefore, their economic activities, as half of the community workforce, are very effective in achieving economic growth and development. Different societies have different views about the extent of women’s participation in MoreWomen make up half of the world’s population. Therefore, their economic activities, as half of the community workforce, are very effective in achieving economic growth and development. Different societies have different views about the extent of women’s participation in economic activities. In the west view, Women enter the labor market without any restriction and engage the economic activities. Their job role is primarily in priority and important than the role of their mother and wife. But in Islam views, while emphasizing woman’s participation in economic activities, their roles as mother and wife are emphasized. Islam accepts woman’s employment under certain conditions. In this research, an attempt has been made to examine these two perspectives and compare them with each other. Then, the consequences and results of these views on the current situation of women in these societies are examined. This article has been prepared by descriptive and analytical methods, using library information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Predicting Women's Mental Health Shiraz City Based on Seven Evolutionary Lifestyles
soode dashtiane kazem khorramdelThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between seven components of women's lifestyle (sleep, omega-3 intake, exercise, sunlight, and socialization, using cyberspace and using traditional media) with their mental health according to an evolutionary point of vie MoreThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between seven components of women's lifestyle (sleep, omega-3 intake, exercise, sunlight, and socialization, using cyberspace and using traditional media) with their mental health according to an evolutionary point of view. The statistical population included women over 18 years old living in Shiraz in 1398-99, of which 182 women answered the questionnaires by sampling. Lifestyle questionnaires and Hopkins syndrome were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using two tests of Pearson correlation coefficient and regression coefficient using SPSS-26 software. The results showed that in general, omega-3 consumption has a significant Curved linear dual relation with mental health. Among the subscales of the Hopkins sign, sleep also showed a significant positive relationship with somatization and obsessive-compulsive disorder. It can be seen that women's lifestyle has a great impact on their mental health, their children, and maintaining the physical and mental health of the family. Promoting a lifestyle that is more in line with women's evolutionary past is a more plausible perspective that can improve their mental health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Investigating the Position of Women's Rights in the Citizenship Bill with an Emphasis on Women's Political Rights
Arezoo Hosseinieh Ali Hajipour KanderudCitizenship Charter Reflects Government Concern Over Public Awareness on Citizenship and Proposes Respect for Human Rights. In this regard, one of the most important pillars of the civil rights charter is the issue of women's rights. The purpose of the present study is MoreCitizenship Charter Reflects Government Concern Over Public Awareness on Citizenship and Proposes Respect for Human Rights. In this regard, one of the most important pillars of the civil rights charter is the issue of women's rights. The purpose of the present study is to investigate and analyze the level of attention to women's citizenship rights in the context of the Citizenship Charter. The above study shows that women's citizenship rights are accepted in the Charter of Citizenship to an acceptable extent, but there is no guarantee of proper implementation on the one hand and some practical challenges and on the other hand desirable and realistic research of women's rights in Iran with serious obstacles. Is facing Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Factors Affecting Women Entrepreneurship in Business
Ayatollah Momayezz Seyed Atefe Ghasemi Seyed fatemeh GhasemiEntrepreneurship is one of the fundamental measures of development in each country, thus, it is considered as the engine of economic development in countries. Experiences of countries enjoying high growth of gross domestic income (GDI) indicate that leaders and managers MoreEntrepreneurship is one of the fundamental measures of development in each country, thus, it is considered as the engine of economic development in countries. Experiences of countries enjoying high growth of gross domestic income (GDI) indicate that leaders and managers in these countries have realized the importance of entrepreneurship in countries development. Since women represent a large part of the population, entrepreneurship of this segment of society has a particular importance. Therefore, the measurement of women's participation in production is one of the important indicators to evaluate the progress of development in each country. Statistics shows that less than 10 percent of Iranian entrepreneurs are women. The aim of this study was to investigate factors that play a role in the development of women entrepreneurship. The research was based on questionnaire and interview and to ensure the reliability, the questionnaire was tested using Cronbach's alpha being valued for validity by views of scholars and professors. Statistical tests were utilized for data analysis and presentation. The results show despite holding dual roles of working women, they have positive feelings towards their activities. At the end recommendations and suggestion for the development of women's entrepreneurial activities are discussed in order to manifest the most important cultural change in society's attitude towards women's empowerment in economic activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The Effect of University Education on the Development of woman Entrepreneurship Skills
Monireh Dizaji Maryam zeiniThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of university education on the development of women entrepreneurship skills. This study is an applied research and the method of data analysis is a descriptive – survey study. The statistical population of the resea MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of university education on the development of women entrepreneurship skills. This study is an applied research and the method of data analysis is a descriptive – survey study. The statistical population of the research is female graduate students at the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. Data gathering method in this research, In addition to library studies, a researcher-made questionnaire was developed in the 5-option Likert scale that validity and reliability were confirmed. The results of the questionnaire were obtained using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.887 and por Data analyses SPSS and Lizrel software were applied. The results of the research indicate that university education has a significant effect on the development of entrepreneurship skills (personal skills, management skills and technical skills). Also, based on the results of factor load and confirmatory factor analysis, among the variables related to personal entrepreneurship skills, the highest load factor was related to inspirational skills, resilience and perseverance and the lowest factor related to innovation skill. On the other hand, among the variables related to entrepreneurial management skills, the greatest factor is the creation and maintenance of human relationships and the least factor load factor related to negotiation skills and among variables related to entrepreneurial technical skills, the most important factor is the supervisory skill and the assessment of the environment and the lowest factor was the coaching skill.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The Relation between Rural Woman 's Trust in MENARID Projects and their Participation in Future Empowerment Projects: Experience of Kermashah Province
shahpar geravandi Susan NoorbakhshPrevious experience in development project and trust their building has always played a major role in local people's participation in future rural development projects. Nevertheless, planners and policy makers often neglect such experiences and implement development pro MorePrevious experience in development project and trust their building has always played a major role in local people's participation in future rural development projects. Nevertheless, planners and policy makers often neglect such experiences and implement development programs in areas with negative experience. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis of a significant relationship between rural woman's trust in MENARID projects and their participation in future empowerment projects in Kermanshah Provinc. For this purpose, a descriptive cross-sectional descriptive survey method was used and information was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The study population was women involved in the Menarid Project (N = 270), 160 of whom were studied using simple random sampling. In this study, simple linear regression coefficient using SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data. According to the findings, the Menarid project has been able to build moderate to high trust in rural women. The results of Pearson correlation between the two variables of trust and participation indicate that the two variables have a positive and significant correlation and 54% of the changes in the dependent variable of participation in future empowerment projects are explained by trust in previous projects. Finally, suggestions were made to planners and officials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Investigating the mediating role of cognitive flexibility and cognitive control in the relationship between mindfulness and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in women
reza chalmeh fatemeh abdolahiThe present study was conducted to investigate a causal model for identifying the prognosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder based on mindfulness, control and cognitive flexibility in women. The present study was a descriptive correlational study in which the assumed re MoreThe present study was conducted to investigate a causal model for identifying the prognosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder based on mindfulness, control and cognitive flexibility in women. The present study was a descriptive correlational study in which the assumed relationships between variables were investigated using the path analysis method. In this model, the mindfulness variable was considered as an exogenous variable, and cognitive control and flexibility were considered as mediating variables and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder as an endogenous variable. The statistical population included all women aged 18 and over living in Shiraz, of which 150 were selected as a sample group by random sampling. The tools used in this study included Yale Brown obsessive-compulsive disorder questionnaires, Freiburg mindset (short form), and cognitive control and flexibility. The results showed that mindfulness predicts the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder inversely and significantly (β = -0.35). Cognitive flexibility (β = -0.24) and cognitive control (β = -0.23) were also negative and significant predictors of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. Mindfulness was a positive and significant predictor of cognitive control (β = 0.80) and cognitive flexibility (β = 0.60). Finally, cognitive flexibility and cognitive control were able to mediate the role of exogenous and intrinsic variables. Play a child. Accordingly, mindfulness can reduce the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder by affecting the two variables of cognitive flexibility and cognitive control. Mindfulness predicts the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder inversely and significantly. In addition, cognitive flexibility is a negative and significant predictor of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder; In addition, both cognitive flexibility and cognitive control variables could play a mediating role between exogenous and endogenous variables. Accordingly, mindfulness can reduce the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder by affecting the two variables of cognitive flexibility and cognitive control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Investigating the Role of Women in the Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Tendencies of Companies and Financial Performance in Companies Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.
Seyed Davod Hosseini Rad Mostafa Ghasemi Abdol Reza MohseniIn developing countries, women play a significant role in promoting families, also the growth and development of their countries. The success of women entrepreneurs in societies brings economic advantages and creates social and cultural benefits. Countries consider entr MoreIn developing countries, women play a significant role in promoting families, also the growth and development of their countries. The success of women entrepreneurs in societies brings economic advantages and creates social and cultural benefits. Countries consider entrepreneurship due to three reasons; "wealth creation, technology development, and productive employment." However, in Iran, this concept is simply synonymous with "employment" by mistake, and we are moving towards entrepreneurship only to solve the employment problem. The present study investigates the role of women in the relationship between entrepreneurial tendencies of companies and financial performance in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, data related to 140 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between the years 2013 to 2020 were collected and examined by the method of the structural equation (PLS). Findings from the study show that women have a moderating role between the criteria of entrepreneurial orientation and performance indicators of the company. It means that the role of women will improve the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and corporate financial performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Psychometric Adequacy of Women's Sexual Well-being Scale in Married Women: Validity, Reliability and Factor Structure
reza chalmeh fatemeh abdolahiThe aim of this study was to investigate the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Female Sexual Well-Being Scale in Iranian married women. For this purpose, a sample of 297 married women (with a mean age of 33.7 years and an age range of 24 to 45 years) was MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Female Sexual Well-Being Scale in Iranian married women. For this purpose, a sample of 297 married women (with a mean age of 33.7 years and an age range of 24 to 45 years) was selected by simple random sampling. The Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (Reef, 1995) and Women's Sexual Well-Being Scale (Rosen et al., 2009) were completed by the sample group. The validity of this scale was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods, convergent and simultaneous validity. The reliability of the scale was evaluated by two methods of Cronbach's alpha and halving. The results of factor analysis using principal component method and varimax rotation showed that this scale consists of 4 factors with the titles of interpersonal relationships, cognitive-emotional domain, physical stimulation and orgasm satisfaction, which is more than 66% of the variance. They explain the whole. The convergent validity of this scale indicated a satisfactory correlation between the dimensions of the female sexual well-being scale and the total score. To determine the simultaneous validity of the scale, the correlation between the dimensions of the female sexual well-being scale and the psychological well-being scale was used, which indicated a favorable correlation (p <0.001). Cronbach's alpha and halving coefficients for the whole scale and its dimensions ranged from 0.63 to 0.82. The final result is that the Persian form of the Women's Sexual Welfare Scale has good validity and reliability in Iranian society and can be used in research, educational and clinical situations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Changing attitudes toward menstrual taboos from Primitive Societies to the Age of Media (A Systematic Review)
Zahra Zare soode dashtiane shiva zareAim: Menstruation is a biological process and it is regarded as a milestone in women’s life. But these cultural and social processes are so intertwined that made a wide range of rules and restrictions(as taboo) about menstruation and women’s function. Taboos restricts w MoreAim: Menstruation is a biological process and it is regarded as a milestone in women’s life. But these cultural and social processes are so intertwined that made a wide range of rules and restrictions(as taboo) about menstruation and women’s function. Taboos restricts women’s behaviors and have a negative effect on their physical and mental health. In this case the aim of this study is to considering the role of media in persistence and lessening menstrual taboos. Methodology: It was a systematic review study. Related keywords have been searched in PubMed, Springer, ScienceDirect, SID, Noormags and Civilica data and related articles which have been published between 1950 to 2021 were extracted. Findings: The frequent ideaology about menstruation in societies is silence and denial, a view that most media reproduce and strengthening it in different ways. But giving various information about menstruation without bias in different ways may lead to normalization and lessening menstruation taboos. Results: the normalization process of menstruation needs time but with interfering in media’s framework as a change, we may lead the society to the normalizing it. Media as a great and available source of information, can be used as a powerful tool in educating and breaking menstruation taboo. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Prediction of sexual satisfaction based on body image and perfectionism amongst pregnant women
morteza Andalib Kourayem maryam morsali saeed mahmoodiniaIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to predict sexual satisfaction based on the components of body image and perfectionism in pregnant women. Methods: The research method was descriptive correlational. The study population was pregnant women residing in Tehran MoreIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to predict sexual satisfaction based on the components of body image and perfectionism in pregnant women. Methods: The research method was descriptive correlational. The study population was pregnant women residing in Tehran in May and June. The sample size was 160 according to Tabachnik and Fidel formula and were selected by available sampling. The instruments of this study were sexual satisfaction questionnaires of Hudson et al, (1981), body image of Fisher (1970, perfectionism of Hewitt and Felt (1991). Results: Results of simple and multiple regression analysis showed that sexual satisfaction of pregnant women was predictable based on body image. So that the relationship between body image and sexual satisfaction is positive and among the components of body image, only the lower limb dimension has a positive and significant relationship with sexual satisfaction.Conclusion: Sexual satisfaction of women is predictable based on perfectionism and there is a positive and significant correlation between social orientation and orbital self-perfectionism with sexual satisfaction of pregnant women. Women's sexual satisfaction is predictable based on perfectionism and body image. The role of perfectionism is more important than body image. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - A survey of the roots and cultural aspects of virginity
Marziye Zadsham Marziye BorzoeyanVirginity can be studied in various ways. Although virginity is a biological feature, it has been represented in different manifestations throughout history. Virginity is part of a woman's genitals. However, the conceptual meaning of virginity is not limited to women's MoreVirginity can be studied in various ways. Although virginity is a biological feature, it has been represented in different manifestations throughout history. Virginity is part of a woman's genitals. However, the conceptual meaning of virginity is not limited to women's physiology. It also has penetrated the cultural and gender relations of societies, and in many cases, has determined the customary, moral, and legal criteria and standards. This study seeks to answer the question: What are the sources and roots of virginity and its meaning in human societies? To this end, virginity was reviewed in a sample of myths, religions, some primitive and modern communities. The results suggest that the concepts of virginity in different societies are related to the mythological, historical, economic, and cultural contexts and characteristics. These components generally confirmed virginity as a virtue throughout the history of most societies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Using Shunpikes: Women's Strategy for Overcoming Social Constraints in Tourism
hamed bakhshi fatemeh atriThe current paper examines the differences between men's and women's tourism experiences as an aspect of leisure. Four factors, including normative restrictions, female roles, economic weakness, and lack of security feeling, lead women to regulate their tourism travels MoreThe current paper examines the differences between men's and women's tourism experiences as an aspect of leisure. Four factors, including normative restrictions, female roles, economic weakness, and lack of security feeling, lead women to regulate their tourism travels different from men. For this purpose, the data of the National Survey of Values, Attitudes and Behavior of Tourism in Iran, with a sample size of 5009 people from all provinces of the country, were secondary analyzed. Eight hypotheses related to tourism motivations and behaviors, including having tourism experience, and choosing accommodation, vehicle and tour, were compared between men and women. The results showed that women who traveled alone or with their friends/colleagues, comparing with men, traveled more with tours, less by personal cars, less for recreation purpose, and more for pilgrimage motivation. Women were more likely to travel for visiting relatives when they were alone, and were less likely to camp in trips when traveled with their friends or colleagues. Although the frequency of women who traveled alone or with friends/colleagues were less than men, since their trips with families and relatives were more than men, the total amount of domestic travel by women were not significantly less than men. While the number of foreign trips of women were less than men, the frequency of foreign trips of employed women were not significantly different with men. It seems that despite the serious shortcomings in the quality of women's tourism experience compared to men, by using structural and normative shunpikes, they tried to compensate it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The effect of aerobic training and complementary of vitamin D + omega-3 on metabolic syndrome indices in obese women
Leyla Ahmadpour Reza Rostami Kimia Moeeni AfshariBackground: Metabolic syndrome is a set of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Vitamin D plays an important role in the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training a MoreBackground: Metabolic syndrome is a set of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Vitamin D plays an important role in the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and complementary of vitamin D + omega-3 on metabolic syndrome indices in obese women. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study 40 women (26/4±7/6 yrs. 32/26±1/78kg/m2 ) Volunteered and they were randomly divided into four groups of 10 persons (aerobic training, vitamin D + omega-3 supplements, aerobic training + vitamin D + omega-3 supplements and control groups) . Aerobic training consisted of 12 week, 3 sessions of 1 hour each session at 60% of maximal oxygen consumption (1.6 km of treadmill walking). In supplement groups, supplementation was performed daily with 1000 IU vitamin D and 1000 mg fish oil. Blood samples were taken before and after the research protocol. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis test. Results: 12 weeks of aerobic training plus supplementation significantly reduced lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, insulin concentration, waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure and the maximum oxygen consumption was significantly increased (p≤0/05). Conclusion: Aerobic training is a safe and effective way to improve metabolic health. Also, combining vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids to modify metabolic syndrome-related indicators can increase the beneficial effects of training. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Effectiveness of Forgiveness-Based Group Therapy on Depression and Psychological Distress Symptoms of Elderly Women
parvaneh MohammadkhaniAbstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of forgiveness-based group therapy on depression and psychological distress symptoms of elderly women who had been referred to Omid Gerontology Center in Theran. To evaluate the effectiveness of MoreAbstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of forgiveness-based group therapy on depression and psychological distress symptoms of elderly women who had been referred to Omid Gerontology Center in Theran. To evaluate the effectiveness of for-giveness-based intervenetion, quasi-experi-mental design with pre-test, post-test, and three-month follow up was used. The statistical population consisted of all elderly women who had been referred to Omid Gerontology Center in Tehran The sample consisted of 30 women meeting the research criteria who were ran-domly divided into control (N=15) and experi-mental group (N=15). Participants in both groups were assessed by Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Brief Symptoms In-ventory (BSI). After pretest, the experimental group met for a total of 8 forgiveness-based intervention sessions (2 hours each). Data showed a reduction in depression severity in experimental group (P<0.05). It also showed remission on Brief Symptoms Inventory subscales and its 3 total indexes, namely Glo-bal Severity Index, Positive Symptom Total, and Positive Symptom Distress Index (P<0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that Forgiveness-based group therapy is an effec-tive intervention in depressed elderly women and could be useful in promoting mental health in this stage of life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Literary sociological critique of the two short stories "Zan sisheii " and " Mesle hameye asrha "
yousef safian boldajiAbstract: Sociological critique is formed by theorists such as Lukachc and Goldman, and every literary writing rises from the depths of society. The present article deals with the sociological critique of two short stories, "Zan sisheii" by Razieh Tojar and "Mesle hame MoreAbstract: Sociological critique is formed by theorists such as Lukachc and Goldman, and every literary writing rises from the depths of society. The present article deals with the sociological critique of two short stories, "Zan sisheii" by Razieh Tojar and "Mesle hameye asrha" by Zoya Pirzad. While social analysis of stories, it recovers the forgetfulness of women in the storytelling community, and deals with self-seeking and self-discovery, as well as the concerns of women in the story community, and determines that the concerns of women storytellers today are loneliness, silence, despair and social attachments. However, women's social life is on a good evolutionary path. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Investigating the Relationship Between Self¬-¬Compassion and Body Management in Women
Seyed Mehdi Hosseini Fahimeh MomenThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-compassion and body management in women. The present study was descriptive and correlational. The study's statistical population consisted of all women in Shiraz in 2021. Among them, 300 women were selected f MoreThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-compassion and body management in women. The present study was descriptive and correlational. The study's statistical population consisted of all women in Shiraz in 2021. Among them, 300 women were selected from the statistical population by available sampling method as the sample size. Data were collected using Self-Compassion Questionnaire (Reiss, Puminer, Neff, and Wanguchta (2011) (SCS-SF)) and Online Object Awareness Questionnaire (McKinley and Hyde (2001)). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis and SPSS statistical software. Findings from Pearson correlation analysis, related to examining the significant relationship between self-compassion and changes in body management in women, showed a significant negative relationship between the components, including self-kindness, self-judgment, human sharing, isolation, mindfulness, extreme assimilation, and changes in body management. The present study results emphasize the role and importance of self-compassion in dealing with behaviors related to body management. Cultivating a compassionate mind can control the negative behavioral consequences associated with maladaptive body management, which can have many practical implications for women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Islam views the economic performance of women and their role in the economic development of the Muslim community
Soheila BiriaBy explaining the genuine status of women, Islam has considered many financial and economic rights for women; however, in Islamic financial law, women have no financial responsibility for providing the family means of livelihood for their household. Therefore, women hav MoreBy explaining the genuine status of women, Islam has considered many financial and economic rights for women; however, in Islamic financial law, women have no financial responsibility for providing the family means of livelihood for their household. Therefore, women have financial independence, and all rights such as inheritance, dowry, alimony, income from work belong to women based on the Islamic legal system. No one has the right to attack, demand, and seize this right. In addition, women are involved in the foundation of economic development and the creation of human capital. This paper explores the Islamic view of women's economic status. Then, the role of women in the economic development of Islamic society is evaluated, and suggestions are made to enhance women's empowerment. This article is descriptive and analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The function of women in a resistance economy
sakineh ganjkhanloo Maryam AlizadeThe function of women in the resistance economy is one of the important and influential reasons in society, family, and particularly in the society's economy. Paying attention to the principles governing female personality, the origin, and source of the distinction betw MoreThe function of women in the resistance economy is one of the important and influential reasons in society, family, and particularly in the society's economy. Paying attention to the principles governing female personality, the origin, and source of the distinction between function in male and female resistance economics also cause biological, behavioral, economic, and legislative differences. In religious thought, although employment is considered a right for women, it is never imposed on them as an economic obligation. Creating attitudes of resistance economy can pave the way for a healthy and refreshing family and society, away from harm. In this article, documentary methods are used to deal with the consequence of economic actions in Islamic lifestyle researchers, achieving a resistant economy and transformation in the family. Which first defines women, family, society, and resistance economy, and then the undeniable effects of women, both positively and negatively, are considered. Finally, according to the findings, it attempts to realize the trend of changes in the future based on the emphasis on the resistance economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Factors affecting women empowerment with an emphasis on tourism (Case study: Sisakht city)
The present study aims to identify and analyze the factors, affecting empowerment of women with an emphasis on tourism in Sishokht. This is an analytical descriptive study. The research population includes, 2000 women over the age of 15. The sample size of 322 women was MoreThe present study aims to identify and analyze the factors, affecting empowerment of women with an emphasis on tourism in Sishokht. This is an analytical descriptive study. The research population includes, 2000 women over the age of 15. The sample size of 322 women was selected through simple random sampling. A researcher made questionnaire was used as a main tool for gathering data which its content validity was confirmed by university professors. The calculated Cronbach's alpha, for Leading factors was 817% and for Restricting factors was 756%, which prooved the research instrument has the needed reliability. The results of data analysis, by using factorial analysis, suggested that leading factors by the sum of 0.56 determined dependent variance, with four factors, have a role in women's empowerment; economic factors by identifying 18.341 of total variance of dependent variables, is the first and most important factor. Limiting factors with the sum of 0.58, identified as a dependent variance which have role, with six factors, in restricting tourism development and women's empowerment, and economic factor by 14.221, which is identifying the total variance of dependent variables, was considered as the first factor in limiting factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The Effectiveness of Indigenous Marital Enrichment Package on Sexual Distress of Working Women in Shiraz, 2020-2021
maryam sazgar moloud keykhosravani effat merghati khoei hamidreza tohidnikSexual distress is a destructive factor in marital relationships, so if the right interventions are used, this sexual problem can be prevented. The purpose of this study is the effectiveness of the indigenous package of enriching marital relations on sexual distress of MoreSexual distress is a destructive factor in marital relationships, so if the right interventions are used, this sexual problem can be prevented. The purpose of this study is the effectiveness of the indigenous package of enriching marital relations on sexual distress of working women in Shiraz, 2020-2021. The research method was clinical trial with pre-test and post-test design and 8 and 12 week follow-up with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all married women working in several government agencies in Shiraz in 2020. 120 women with sexual dysfunction were selected by purposive sampling method and were divided into experimental and control groups, which resulted in 79 final samples. 40 people were in the experimental group and 39 people were in the control group. All of these women applied to participate in training sessions to enrich couple relationships (4 sessions of 2 hours) which were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups. In this study, a sexual distress questionnaire (Dragatis, et al., 2008) was used to collect information. Analysis of statistical data was performed by SPSS22 software at both descriptive and inferential levels. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the scores of sexual distress in the research stages and the native package of enrichment of marital relationships has improved the quality of sexual intercourse and reduced sexual distress in the experimental group compared to the control group (p> 0. 001). Therefore, the indigenous package of enriching marital relations has played a significant role in promoting women's sexual relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - The Issue of Iranian Older Women Living Alone: Case Study in Tehran and Alborz Provinces
mirtaher mousavi Masoomeh Maarefvand maryam rahnama komamardakhi laleh maarefvandOlder Women Living Alone (OWLA) are one of the most vulnerable groups due to the circumstances of the society and it is necessary to plan a specific program to support them. No specific program to support OWLA has been designed and implemented in Iran and for this purpo MoreOlder Women Living Alone (OWLA) are one of the most vulnerable groups due to the circumstances of the society and it is necessary to plan a specific program to support them. No specific program to support OWLA has been designed and implemented in Iran and for this purpose it is necessary to assess and prioritize the needs of this group. In this study semi-structured interviews with experts, policy-makers, and managers and OWLA were conducted and their contents were analyzed. Targeted-sampling and snowball-sampling was performed in Tehran and Alborz provinces and continued until saturation was achieved. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded in three steps and the categories and subcategories were obtained. The most important reason for living-alone among elderly-women is the death of their spouse and marriage of their children. In order to be independent, they try to manage their finances by saving, while at the same time take care of their health, are treated for their illnesses. Many of them don't want to remarry in old-age. Relocation due to home sales in old age means that in many cases their communication network is limited to their children and families and social participation is limited among them. The communication with family-members, care, independency, financial support, social-interaction and social-participation, security and a sense of security, geographical access to health-care and rehabilitation-services, training and awareness raising, entertainment and leisure appropriate to old-age are issues that need to be addressed in policies and planning related to OWLA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Investigating the Role of Family Factors in Suicide Attempt (Case Study: Women in Abdanan)
Mojtaba Shafieinejad Akbar Zare Shahabadi Zahra Mohammadi Elnaz AzadvariThe phenomenon of suicide attempts is one of the most important socio-psychological harms growing worldwide, accounting for 1.4% of all deaths worldwide. The aim of this study is to discover family factors in suicide attempt which has been done by qualitative methodolog MoreThe phenomenon of suicide attempts is one of the most important socio-psychological harms growing worldwide, accounting for 1.4% of all deaths worldwide. The aim of this study is to discover family factors in suicide attempt which has been done by qualitative methodology and using the method of Grounded Theory. For this purpose, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 women from Abdanan city whom suicide attempt and were selected by theoretical sampling method for more than one year. Nine main categories and one core category were extracted through the data coding system: strained family, family relationship inefficiency, Delinquent family, moral deviance of spouse, Divorced family, forced marriage, avoidance of unfavorable family atmosphere with marriage, marital disputes, experience of rejection and deliberate avoidance. Also, "Family Challenges - Significant Suicides" was selected as the core category, and finally a paradigm model derived from the data was set up. The findings indicated that family factors and family living conditions played an important role in the prevalence of suicide among women attempting suicide. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Comparison of the effect of selected Pilates exercises, Traband training and weight training on strength and flexibility in elderly women
Seyed Kazem Mousavi Sadati Reza BehdariBackground: Changes in the human body due to the aging process, especially the loss of strength and flexibility of the lower limbs can increase the risk of falls. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of selected Pilates, Pilates with Traband and Pilates exerci MoreBackground: Changes in the human body due to the aging process, especially the loss of strength and flexibility of the lower limbs can increase the risk of falls. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of selected Pilates, Pilates with Traband and Pilates exercises with both factors such as strength and flexibility of the lower extremities of non-athlete 50-60 years old. Materials and Methods: Thirty participants in this study have been randomly divided into three groups: quasi-experimental, Pilates (10), Pilates Traband (10) and Pilates (10). Before the beginning of the exercises, the strength of the lower limbs and static acceptance and the range of motion of extension and flexion of the thigh have been measured using the test of 30 sitting on a chair, static acceptance and goniometer, respectively. Moreover, all three groups as participated in a course of exercise. These exercises have performed for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week for 1 hour and have performed after the participants. Data have been analyzed using paired t-test and ANOVA. Results: As result, all three groups show the significant progress due to exercise but there is not any significant variance between the groups, as none of the methods is not better than other training methods. Conclusion: performing Pilates exercises, Weight and Traband based on the availability of training equipment and facilities, is beneficial for the elderly, and this exercise may reduce the negative physical consequences and consequent treatment costs, and helps to slow down the aging process and is effective in improving the daily activities of the elderly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - An Analysis the Experience of Domestic Violence Against Working Women (Case Study of Working Women in Tehran)
Akram Ghelichkhan zahra abdoliDomestic violence against women is a type of aggressive behavior that occurs in close family relationships. Domestic violence against women is one of the harshest results of cultural, social and economic inequalities in different societies, that has irreparable conseque MoreDomestic violence against women is a type of aggressive behavior that occurs in close family relationships. Domestic violence against women is one of the harshest results of cultural, social and economic inequalities in different societies, that has irreparable consequences on the victom. it seems that working women are no exception to the experience of this type of violence and access to resources has caused they face domestic violence. The purpose of this study is to qualitatively analyzing the experience of domestic violence of working women and women's perception of this violence in Tehran. In the methodology section; Qualitative methodology and grounded theory (GT) strategy were applied. The interviewees were selected purposefully and 12 employed women for more than three months were examined. 7 main categories and one core category were extracted through data encoding. Physical violence, psychological violence, sexual violence, economic violence, social violence, verbal violence, psychological stress. The results show that working women in Tehran have a diverse perception of domestic violence and experience different types of violence. It seems that type and amount of economic and social violence are different among working women and housewives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Psychological consequences of violence against women and girls
Kazem Khorramdel Zahra ZareAim: Violence against women and girls has existed in all human societies despite differences between religions and intellectual, cultural, economic and social differences, and is a global, transhistorical and transcultural phenomenon that dates back to human history. Th MoreAim: Violence against women and girls has existed in all human societies despite differences between religions and intellectual, cultural, economic and social differences, and is a global, transhistorical and transcultural phenomenon that dates back to human history. This consequence prevents the full participation of women in society and poses a serious threat to human rights and health. Violence has significant effects on women's physical and mental health. Despite extensive research on the consequences of violence on women's mental health, the rate of violence during quarantine has increased, and this study examines the extent of violence against women and girls and its psychological consequences during quarantine. Research Method: This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. The instruments used in this study include the Demographic Questionnaire, the Standard Violence Against Women Questionnaire and the Hopkins Index (HSCL). Finally, the data obtained from the study were analyzed by SPSS 26 software. (P <0.01) Results: Based on Pearson correlation, it was found that there is a positive and significant relationship between all dimensions of mental health and violence, and exposure to various types of violence leads to a decrease in mental health in various dimensions. Conclusion: Violence is a strong predictor of mental health in various dimensions and considering the important role of women in the family and the impact of their health on family and community health, it is necessary to take measures to reduce violence and improve women's mental health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The Effectiveness of Schema Therapy on Increasing Self-Efficacy and Life Expectancy of Divorced Women and its Effect on Reducing the Initial Maladaptive Patterns of their Daughters
mojtaba aghili Arezou Asghari mitra namaziThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on increasing self-efficacy and life expectancy of divorced women and its effect on reducing the initial maladaptive patterns of their daughters. The scheme of this experimental study was pretest-posttest MoreThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on increasing self-efficacy and life expectancy of divorced women and its effect on reducing the initial maladaptive patterns of their daughters. The scheme of this experimental study was pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population was considered all divorced women and their daughters in Urmia in 2017. The sample consisted of 30 divorced women and their daughters who were referred to the family health clinic under the supervision of the Welfare of West Azerbaijan Province. These women were purposefully selected and divided into two experimental groups (15 people), and a control group (15 people) were randomly assigned. In the experimental group, the intervention was performed in groups of 8 sessions of 90 minutes based on schema therapy, but no intervention was applied to the control group. The instruments were Schier's self-efficacy questionnaire (1982), Schneider's life expectancy questionnaire (1991), and the short form of Young's early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (1998). Research data were analyzed by covariance. Findings showed that schema therapy has effectively increased self-efficacy, the life expectancy of divorced women, and modulating maladaptive schemas of their daughters (P<0.000). Schema therapy as a technique can effectively improve the self-efficacy and life expectancy of these divorced women and modify the maladaptive schemas of their daughters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Effect of Aerobic Training along with Garlic on Oxidative Stress Index in Obese Women with High Blood Pressure
Ghasem Torabi Palat Kaleh Mostafa Kazemi Ahmad Abdi Asieh Abbassi Daloii Masoomeh Alsadat MirshafaeiBackground: A large amount of evidence shows that oxidative stress plays a central role in hypertension pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to examine effect of aerobic training along with Garlic on oxidative stress index in obese women with high blood pressure. MoreBackground: A large amount of evidence shows that oxidative stress plays a central role in hypertension pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to examine effect of aerobic training along with Garlic on oxidative stress index in obese women with high blood pressure. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 36 postmenopausal obese women with hypertension were purposefully and accessibly selected from Sari and were simple randomly divided into four groups Control (C), Aerobic Training (AT), Garlic (G) and Aerobic Training +Garlic (ATG). The training groups participated in a progressive aerobic training for eight weeks, three sessions a week (55% to 65% of the reserved heart rate and for 30 to 55 min). The groups of G and ATG were provided 1000 mg of garlic supplement for eight weeks (After breakfast and dinner). Two days before and after the protocol, blood samples were taken in fasting state. SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA at p<0.05. Results: The results showed that the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (P=0.0001) decrease significantly in the experimental groups. Also, superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P=0.001), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (P=0.000) and catalase (CAT) (P=0.001) in the experimental groups increased significantly compared to the C group. The amount of SOD, GPx and CAT in the ATG group was significantly higher than the AT and G group (p≤0/05). Conclusion: It seems that AT and G has interactive effects on reducing Oxidative Stress in obese women with high blood pressure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The mediating role of social support in the relationship between psychological well-being and quality of life of female-headed households in Isfahan province
Bitaalsadat Mirghazanfari hassan khoshakhlaghThis study aimed to determine the mediating role of social support in the relationship between resilience and psychological well-being in the quality of life of female-headed households in Isfahan province. The research was correlational. The statistical population incl MoreThis study aimed to determine the mediating role of social support in the relationship between resilience and psychological well-being in the quality of life of female-headed households in Isfahan province. The research was correlational. The statistical population includes all women heads of households in Isfahan province in 1399, whose number based on the statistics of the Welfare Organization of this province was equal to 1200 people. The statistical sample consisted of 330 people selected by the convenience sampling method. Research instruments included the Wax et al. (1986) Social Support Assessment Scale, the Reef Psychological Well-Being Scale (1989), and the WHO Quality of Life Short Scale (1989). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 and AMOS version 22 and the statistical method of structural equation analysis. The results showed that social support adds 21.1% to the path between psychological well-being and quality of life. The results also showed that social support has a minor mediating role in the relationship between resilience and quality of life of women heads of households in Isfahan province (β = 0.211 and (p <0.05)). Social support has a minor mediating role in the relationship between psychological well-being and quality of life of female-headed households in Isfahan province (β = 0.211 and (p <0.05)). Resilience has a direct effect on the quality of life of female-headed households in Isfahan province (β = 0.350 and (p <0.05)). Also, psychological well-being has a direct effect on the quality of life of female-headed households in Isfahan province (β = 0.350 and (p <0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Examining the legal foundations of eliminating discrimination and violence against women with a view to the commitments of the Afghan government
mojgan moshfeghi peyman bolori salman valizadehViolence against women is a serious and global human rights problem. However, this problem is more common in underdeveloped countries such as Afghanistan, and it is widely used against women in the family, workplace, and society in various ways. However, in this country MoreViolence against women is a serious and global human rights problem. However, this problem is more common in underdeveloped countries such as Afghanistan, and it is widely used against women in the family, workplace, and society in various ways. However, in this country, in line with the legal protection of women, measures such as; Including articles protecting women against violence against them in the constitution, the approval of most human rights conventions, the preparation of national documents and strategies, etc. have been done. In this research, a descriptive-analytical method has been used to examine the legal foundations of eliminating discrimination and violence against women by looking at the commitments of the Afghan government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Effect of 8-week metabolic resistance training and Chlorogenic acid supplement on the expression of UCP1: A randomized clinical trial
Maryam Takhty Farshad Ghazalian Shahram Soheili khosrow EbrahimBackground: Obesity and overweight is one of the major public health challenges all around the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the simultaneous effect of eight weeks of metabolic resistance training (MRT) and Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) supplementation on weight MoreBackground: Obesity and overweight is one of the major public health challenges all around the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the simultaneous effect of eight weeks of metabolic resistance training (MRT) and Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) supplementation on weight loss, expression level of UCP1in overweight women. Materials and Methods: The present study was a randomized clinical trial performed in 2022 on a sample of overweight women in Iran. Participants in the study were randomly divided into four groups including combined 8-week course of MRT training and CGA supplementation, 8-week course of MRT, CGA supplement, and the control group. Intervention included three training sessions per week and the duration of each session was 45 minutes. The supplementation arms were also received 400 mg / day CGA extracted from green coffee beans. Expression level of Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1) was the main interested outcome that assessed pre and post intervention. Results: In the MRT exercise group, UCP1 expression increased by 4.3 units on average over the 8-week intervention. The highest increase was observed in participants who received both CGA supplement and MRT exercise where UCP1 increased from 22.5 (1.2) to 28.0 (3.5) over the study period (P<0.05). No significant increase was observed in CGA supplementation group. Conclusion: MRT exercises with and without CGA supplementation stimulated expression level of UCP1 mRNA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Sociological Explanation of Women's Violence Against Men
Parvaneh Danesh mihamad javad zahedi mazandarani nazanin khosh simaThe general view of family violence is usually referred to violence by men against women or other family members, but reports in this field show that sometimes men are victimized by women's violence. The main objective of this research is the sociological explanation o MoreThe general view of family violence is usually referred to violence by men against women or other family members, but reports in this field show that sometimes men are victimized by women's violence. The main objective of this research is the sociological explanation of women's violence against men. This research was conducted in a qualitative method and data was analyzed with the method of ground theory. The sample includes married men who have experienced violence in Tehran. The method of selecting the samples was purposeful and the sample volume reached saturation during the research after the 10th interview. The analyzes were done by three types of open coding, central coding and selective coding. The findings of the research include: background conditions affecting women's violence against men, including: 1- cultural issues, 2- social issues, 3- financial issues, 4- occupational and organizational conditions, 5- mental and psychological problems in the family, 6- history of addiction. In the family, 7- Knowledge of life skills; Intervening factors affecting the strategy of women's violence against men include: 1- personality difference, 2- cultural difference, 3- age difference, 4- difference in financial issues, 5- difference in the type of need, 6- marital beliefs, 7- gender beliefs; Causal conditions affecting women's violence against men include: 1- broken relationships, 2- intertwined relationships, 3- inappropriate family experiences, 4- occupational-organizational factors, 5- communication problems at work, 6- social factors, 7- cultural factors; Action and interaction strategies are: 1- Unhealthy communication behaviors 2- Retaliatory interaction pattern 3- Lack of love and intimacy; The consequences are: 1- Psychological injuries 2- The lack of power of the man in the family 3- Separation 4- Risky behaviors 5- Damage to the children 6- Weakening of the family foundation 7- Lack of household financial management; The research results show the existence of violence against men in the family and the consequences of this type of violence weaken the family institution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Cultural factors affecting childbearing among educated and ordinary women in Yasouj city
Maryam Azizi Saed Haiderpour Mina Helali SotoudehConsidering the fertility conditions of Iran during the last three decades, the formulation and successful implementation of any population policy relies on improving our understanding of the behaviors, preferences and desires of couples to have children, the factors af MoreConsidering the fertility conditions of Iran during the last three decades, the formulation and successful implementation of any population policy relies on improving our understanding of the behaviors, preferences and desires of couples to have children, the factors affecting their desires to have children, and the identification of demographic subgroups with the desire to have children. The yield is low and very low. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the desire to have children of educated women living in Yasouj city. The data is the result of a survey that took place in the winter of 1401 among 500 sample households in Yasouj city. The sampling method is a multi-stage cluster method. The results showed that 44% of women compared to 40% of educated women stated that they would like to have another child in addition to the children they had at the time of the research. Among the educated women who wanted to have children, 62% of them want 1 more child and only 3% of them want 3 more children. The corresponding ratios for women are 66.4% and 1.8%, respectively. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between the socio-economic base, the use of mass communication tools, women's independence, age at marriage, and the number of children alive and women's desire to have children. The results of multivariate analysis show the fact that socio-economic characteristics alone cannot play a decisive role in predicting the probability of wanting to have children. In fact, a combination of socio-economic, cultural and demographic characteristics gives a better explanation of educated women's desire to have children (9.59% versus 67.4%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The Study of the effect of Islamic Azad University in Educational, Cultural and Economic Affairs of Women in the Shahr-e-babak
Rokhsareh asadi koromThe growth of educational and scientific institutions provides the ground for the effective participation of individuals in a society in social, economic, political, and cultural developments. One of the educational institutions in the country (Iran) called Islamic Azad MoreThe growth of educational and scientific institutions provides the ground for the effective participation of individuals in a society in social, economic, political, and cultural developments. One of the educational institutions in the country (Iran) called Islamic Azad University, has provided an opportunity for women to play an active role in various cultural, social, political, and economic fields, also to change society's attitude towards women's abilities with self-confidence and show that development will not be possible without the participation of women. Since the performances and consequences of Islamic Azad University have been different in various fields and regions of the country; so, this research purpose is to investigate the role and performance of Shahr-e-Babak Islamic Azad University in the educational, cultural, social, and economic affairs of women. Therefore, the Islamic Azad University's impact on the educational, cultural, social, and economic affairs of women has been studied. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical, applied, and survey. This method is data collection, documentary, and field study (researcher-made questionnaire). The study's statistical population includes employees, post-graduate & school students, homemakers, and freelancers living in Shahr-e Babak. The sample size is 500 people, and SPSS software has been used to enter information and data and analyze them. The result of Islamic Azad University affects women in Shahr-e Babak city as follows: educational affairs (T = 79.16, P <5%), cultural-social affairs (T = 60.85, P <5%), and economic affairs (T = 93.37, P <5%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Effect of 8-week simultaneous metabolic resistance training and Chlorogenic acid supplement on the expression level of BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7: A randomized open label clinical trial
Maryam Takhty Farshad Ghazalian Shahram Soheili khosrow EbrahimBackground: BMP has critical role in development, growth, and differentiation of cell. There is enough evidence regarding the role of BMPs in lipid accumulation and homeostasis The current study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous effect of eight weeks of metabolic resis MoreBackground: BMP has critical role in development, growth, and differentiation of cell. There is enough evidence regarding the role of BMPs in lipid accumulation and homeostasis The current study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous effect of eight weeks of metabolic resistance training (MRT) and Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) supplementation on expression level of BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7 in overweight women. Materials and Methods: We carried-out a randomized clinical trial performed on 40 overweight women in Iran 2020. We randomly assigned the study participants into four groups including combined 8-week course of metabolic resistance training (MRT) training and 400 mg chlorogenic acid (CGA) supplementation, 8-week course of MRT, CGA supplement, and the control group. Intervention included three MRT training sessions per week and the duration of each session was 45 minutes. The training exercise intervention was 10 minutes of warm-up, 30 minutes of metabolic resistance training, and 5 minutes of cool-down. The supplementation arms were also received 400 mg / day CGA extracted from green coffee beans. Expression level of BMP2,4,6, and 7 was the main interested outcome that assessed pre and post intervention. Results: We observed significant decrease in BMP2 level in combined intervention group in compared with the control group (Regression coefficient= -2.7, 95% CI=-5.0, -0.4). Moreover, we observed that combined intervention has decreased BMP4 level and the observed difference was statistically significant (Regression coefficient= -6.2, -1.7, -10.6). No significant effect for MRT and CGA group was reported regarding BMP2, and BMP4. Neither combined nor separate form of CGA and MRT had no significant effect on BMP6 and BMP7 (P-value>0.05). Conclusion: Simultaneous MRT exercises and CGA supplementation prohibited expression levels of BMP2, and BMP4. However, they had no significant effect separately. There was no association between the interventions and expression level of BMP6, and BMP7. Abstract Background and Objective: BMP has critical role in development, growth, and differentiation of cell. There is enough evidence regarding the role of BMPs in lipid accumulation and homeostasis The current study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous effect of eight weeks of metabolic resistance training (MRT) and Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) supplementation on expression level of BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7 in overweight women. Material and methods: We carried-out a randomized clinical trial performed on 40 overweight women in Iran 2020. We randomly assigned the study participants into four groups including combined 8-week course of metabolic resistance training (MRT) training and 400 mg chlorogenic acid (CGA) supplementation, 8-week course of MRT, CGA supplement, and the control group. Intervention included three MRT training sessions per week and the duration of each session was 45 minutes. The training exercise intervention was 10 minutes of warm-up, 30 minutes of metabolic resistance training, and 5 minutes of cool-down. The supplementation arms were also received 400 mg / day CGA extracted from green coffee beans. Expression level of BMP2,4,6, and 7 was the main interested outcome that assessed pre and post intervention. Results: We observed significant decrease in BMP2 level in combined intervention group in compared with the control group (Regression coefficient= -2.7, 95% CI=-5.0, -0.4). Moreover, we observed that combined intervention has decreased BMP4 level and the observed difference was statistically significant (Regression coefficient= -6.2, -1.7, -10.6). No significant effect for MRT and CGA group was reported regarding BMP2, and BMP4. Neither combined nor separate form of CGA and MRT had no significant effect on BMP6 and BMP7 (P-value>0.05). Conclusion: Simultaneous MRT exercises and CGA supplementation prohibited expression levels of BMP2, and BMP4. However, they had no significant effect separately. There was no association between the interventions and expression level of BMP6, and BMP7. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The Relation between Rural Woman 's Trust in MENARID Projects and their Participation in Future Empowerment Projects: Experience of Kermashah Province
Susan NoorbakhshPrevious experience in development project and trust their building has always played a major role in local people's participation in future rural development projects. Nevertheless, planners and policy makers often neglect such experiences and implement development pro MorePrevious experience in development project and trust their building has always played a major role in local people's participation in future rural development projects. Nevertheless, planners and policy makers often neglect such experiences and implement development programs in areas with negative experience. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis of a significant relationship between rural woman's trust in MENARID projects and their participation in future empowerment projects in Kermanshah Provinc. For this purpose, a descriptive cross-sectional descriptive survey method was used and information was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The study population was women involved in the Menarid Project (N = 270), 160 of whom were studied using simple random sampling. In this study, simple linear regression coefficient using SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data. According to the findings, the Menarid project has been able to build moderate to high trust in rural women. The results of Pearson correlation between the two variables of trust and participation indicate that the two variables have a positive and significant correlation and 54% of the changes in the dependent variable of participation in future empowerment projects are explained by trust in previous projects. Finally, suggestions were made to planners and officials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Investigating the mediating role of couples communication styles in the relationship between safe and insecure attachment styles and forgiveness in the family in married women
reza chalmeh fatemeh abdolahi sanaz bageriThis study was aimed to investigate the mediating role of couples' communication styles in the relationship between safe and insecure attachment styles and family forgiveness in married women. This study was a descriptive correlational study based on path analysis. The MoreThis study was aimed to investigate the mediating role of couples' communication styles in the relationship between safe and insecure attachment styles and family forgiveness in married women. This study was a descriptive correlational study based on path analysis. The statistical population included all married women in Shiraz. The sample of this statistical population was selected by the available sampling method, 202 people. Research instruments included attachment style questionnaires (Bartolomio and Horotiz, 1991), couples' communication styles (Mabler Nanali and Ekman, 2006), and family forgiveness (Pollard et al., 1998). Findings from this study indicate that attachment styles were a direct and significant predictor of forgiveness in the family. Also, couples' communication styles were able to predict forgiveness in the family. In addition, attachment styles were also significant predictors of couples' communication styles. Finally, the results showed that couples' communication styles could play a mediating role in the relationship between attachment and forgiveness styles in family. The results show that safe and insecure attachment styles and communication styles between couples are among the variables affecting forgiveness in the family and need to be considered by experts and specialists in the field of family. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Investigating Twitter campaigns of Violence Against Women
shima nasertork ali delavar afsaneh mozaffari tahmores shiriOne of the most important topics that social networks -Twitter- have paid attention to is violence against women in Iran. The most important theoretical support in the emergence of these campaigns is the reflection of the texts about violence against women. One of the m MoreOne of the most important topics that social networks -Twitter- have paid attention to is violence against women in Iran. The most important theoretical support in the emergence of these campaigns is the reflection of the texts about violence against women. One of the most important factors in the emergence of such waves is the important activists in the field of these social networks, who use their followers to reflect these contents. The most important campaigns in terms of the number of tweets and retweets was the "Girls of the Revolution" campaign. The aim of the research is to analyze the performance of Twitter in reflecting the content of violence against women in Iran based on the most important campaigns that have emerged in the last decade. This issue was analyzed based on the theoretical foundations of types of violence and networked movements. The research method is the content analysis of tweets and hashtags related to campaigns from 2016 to 2016. The research results showed that the most important themes are about social and political violence against women. In this regard, some campaigns and hashtags have caused insecurities in the society the most important of which was the campaign of the girls of Enghelab Street in terms of the number of tweets and retweets. the analysis of the themes of tweets showed the absence of news, posts and tweets of people related to campaigns and hashtags. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Predicting married women’s mental health based on quality of life components
Mansor Beyrami soolmaz dehghani dowlat abadiWomen's mental health can influence their other responsibilities, so the investigation of the role of mental health factors is considered as an important subject. The present study aimed to investigate the role of emotional components of quality of life in predicting th MoreWomen's mental health can influence their other responsibilities, so the investigation of the role of mental health factors is considered as an important subject. The present study aimed to investigate the role of emotional components of quality of life in predicting the mental health of married women. This study was conducted with a correlational method. Therefore, using purposeful sampling, 240 individuals were selected from the population of Shiraz married women and tested in cyberspace using the SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire – 28 (GHQ-28). Data were analyzed using multiple regression method (simultaneous model). Results showed that emotional components of quality of life had a significant relationship with mental health. Findings showed that the components of energy/fatigue, emotional well-being, and social functioning had a positive role in predicting the mental health of married women; and role dysfunction had a negative role due to lack of emotional health. Hence, it can be concluded that emotional well-being, happiness, and vitality of married women could play an important role in their mental health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - The effect of correction exercises with hydrotherapy on reduce pain, fatigue and quality of life in middle-aged women with chronic low back pain
Fereshteh Mozafari Abdolrasoul Daneshjoo Seyed Kazem Mousavi SadatiBackground and Aim: Chronic back pain is a common problem in the world, which is the most frequent among middle-aged women. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of eight weeks of corrective exercises along with water therapy on reduci MoreBackground and Aim: Chronic back pain is a common problem in the world, which is the most frequent among middle-aged women. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of eight weeks of corrective exercises along with water therapy on reducing pain, fatigue, life expectancy and trunk kinematic indices in women with chronic low back pain. Material and Methods: The research sample includes 30 of these people who were randomly selected and then randomly divided into two groups of 15 people, control and experimental. In this study, the amount of back pain was evaluated with the help of a visual pain assessment questionnaire. Also, the quality of life of the subjects was evaluated with the help of the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire - short form and the intensity of fatigue with the help of the MFIS questionnaire. After evaluating the variables, the subjects were divided into two control and training groups, and the training group did the training program for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. The control group also did their daily activities during this period. In this study, the normality of the distributions was investigated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. In order to test the research hypotheses under normal conditions, analysis of covariance (between groups) and correlation t (within groups) were used. Results: The results of this study showed that applying an eight-week corrective exercise program along with water therapy is effective in reducing fatigue and quality of life in addition to reducing pain (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed the effect of corrective exercises along with water therapy on reducing back pain, improving quality of life and trunk kinematics in middle-aged women. Based on this, it seems that applying the exercises of the present study can be effective in improving the quality of life in middle-aged women with back pain Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Investigating the Predictive Power of Agreeableness, Marital Empathy and Marital Forgiveness on Marital Satisfaction in Married Women
Hossein Tahmasby Yadollah KhorramabadiThis study was conducted with the aim of determining the predictive power of agreeableness, marital empathy, and marital forgiveness on marital satisfaction in married women. In this investigation, employing the correlational methodology of the regression type, an assem MoreThis study was conducted with the aim of determining the predictive power of agreeableness, marital empathy, and marital forgiveness on marital satisfaction in married women. In this investigation, employing the correlational methodology of the regression type, an assemblage of 840 wedded women domiciled within the geographic confines of Lorestan province, was chosen through the multi-stage cluster random sampling. The Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale, the NEO-FFI Questionnaire, the Marital Empathy Scale, and the Marital Forgiveness Scale were used as standard questionnaires for data collection. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software. The coefficient of determination with a value of 0.373 in the multiple linear regression test showed that the model explains 37.3% of the changes in marital satisfaction. The standardized coefficients showed that agreeableness, empathy, and forgiveness are significant predictors of marital satisfaction. The results indicate that marital satisfaction is positively affected by agreeableness, empathy, and forgiveness, so a one-unit increase in agreeableness, empathy, and forgiveness corresponds to an increase of 0.101, 0.252, and 0.433 units in marital satisfaction, respectively. Forgiveness played the most important role in marital satisfaction, followed by empathy, and then agreeableness. In conclusion, in order to increase the satisfaction of married couples, especially women, it is recommended to hold workshops focusing on increasing knowledge of agreeableness personality trait and strengthening positive traits such as empathy and forgiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Social Formulation of Value System for Women Social Entrepreneurs
Mona Emami Talieh Khademian Mostafa Karbasioun Abazar Ashtari MehrjardiSocial entrepreneurship is an interdisciplinary concept that has been proposed in the fields of management, economics, psychology, and sociology. It can be an appropriate solution to solve social problems and an impetus for social changes and economic development. Despi MoreSocial entrepreneurship is an interdisciplinary concept that has been proposed in the fields of management, economics, psychology, and sociology. It can be an appropriate solution to solve social problems and an impetus for social changes and economic development. Despite the significant research conducted in the field of women's social entrepreneurship, the need was observed to conduct a research in the field of social entrepreneurship literature. Therefore, in this article, we are looking for a social formulation from a framework called the value system of women social entrepreneurs. The method used is content analysis, and the most important results obtained express that the internalized values of ethics of care, benevolence, equality, and self-reliance form part of the prosocial identity of women social entrepreneurs and their organizational/interpersonal relationships. These values create the value system of female social entrepreneurs in the face of the socio-cultural background of the outer space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The Comparison of Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunctions in Married Women with and without Symptoms of Cluster B Personality Disorders in Tehran
Elahe Mahdi Asghar Mirmehrabi reza qorban jahromi Zahra Zabihi fardSexual dysfunction is considered a common sexual problem affecting different aspects of life, that has several etiologies and psychiatric disorders play an important role in its formation. This paper aims to comparison of prevalence of sexual dysfunctions between marrie MoreSexual dysfunction is considered a common sexual problem affecting different aspects of life, that has several etiologies and psychiatric disorders play an important role in its formation. This paper aims to comparison of prevalence of sexual dysfunctions between married women with symptoms of cluster B personality disorder and healthy persons in Tehran. This is a causal – comparative research. To do so, 1000 married women from Tehran City were screened in first half of 2021, among them 145 persons were diagnosed with symptoms of cluster B personality disorder and 56 persons were selected through convenience sampling as individuals with disorder. Data of 20 healthy married women were analyzed for comparative purposes. Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI3), Female Sexual Functions Index (FSFI) and International Index of Erectile Function (ILEF) were used. Data were analyzed by comparing two independent groups in SPSS, Version 26. In married women, the mean sexual function in healthy persons was more significant than borderlines, histrionics, and narcissists (P<0.05) But, this difference in antisocials was not significant (P>0.05). The results show that prevalence of sexual dysfunctions in cluster B personality disorder is more than healthy married women. Therefore, it is recommended that psychotherapy specialists in the diagnosis and treatment of sexual dysfunction, pay attention to the role of personality disorders and the issue of comorbidity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Predicting Mental Health Based on Sexual Function in Married Women
Seyed Mehdi Hosseini Hakimeh MirzaeyMental health plays a fundamental role in individuals' living better lives, their activity efficiency, and their ability to function effectively in their personal life. This study aimed to predict mental health based on the sexual function of married women. This resea MoreMental health plays a fundamental role in individuals' living better lives, their activity efficiency, and their ability to function effectively in their personal life. This study aimed to predict mental health based on the sexual function of married women. This research is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all married women in Bavanat city, from which 130 married women were selected as the sample size by the available sampling method. Keys Mental Health Questionnaire (2002) and Rosen Sexual Function Questionnaire (2000) were used to collect data. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression coefficient were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that a significant positive relationship between mental health and sexual function of married women and the components of desire and satisfaction have a higher power in predicting mental healthThe results showed that the better married women are in marital relationships, the more mental health they have. Therefore, good sexual performance can affect women's mental health. In addition to its effect on mental health and community health, A study on the sexual knowledge of married women showed that its effects lead to the stability and cohesion of the family and married life and reduce divorce in society Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Protection of Social Dignity and Parental Role of Youth and the Foundation of the Family in Today's Era
amin fathiPeace is one of the main virtues of marriage Field research shows the increase of social corruption in the world due to anxiety and depression There is no doubt about the necessity of women's social presence But if the various dimensions of this presence are not paid at MorePeace is one of the main virtues of marriage Field research shows the increase of social corruption in the world due to anxiety and depression There is no doubt about the necessity of women's social presence But if the various dimensions of this presence are not paid attention to, the strength of the family will be endangered The personality of the fetus is influenced 50% by the mother and 25% by the father Therefore, the preservation - quantitative and qualitative - of these seeds is the rational and humane duty of individuals and the political government. Today, the peak of Iblis' rule is delegitimization of property and children and the destruction of human beings in the name of abortion By creating a platform for forbidden and suspicious food and by fueling the issue of mixing between men and women Today's danger for the human race is the desecration of the family institution and the social degradation of men and women and the role of fathers and mothers of the youth. Therefore, modification of insight, tendency and action strategies and lifestyle and reducing the effects of feminist culture and practical suggestions It is necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Etiology, Consequences and Treatments of Vginismus: A Psychological Perspective Systematic Review
shiva zare soode dashtiane Zahra Shomali<p>Vaginismus is one of the most common sexual disorders among women and has a significant impact on women and couples. The present review article was aimed at investigating the etiology, consequences, and treatments of Vaginismus from a psychological perspective. The c More<p>Vaginismus is one of the most common sexual disorders among women and has a significant impact on women and couples. The present review article was aimed at investigating the etiology, consequences, and treatments of Vaginismus from a psychological perspective. The current study was a systematic review. Relevant keywords such as vaginismus psychology, vaginismus disorder, genital pain/ penetration disorder, etc. have been searched and extracted in Springer, Science Direct, PubMed, SID, Magiran, Noormags, and Civilica database from 1940 to 2021. By reviewing the related articles, it was conducted that genital pain/ penetration disorder is the most common disorder among women. This disorder has an important impact on the quality of sexual intercourse as well as couples’ mental health. It can be concluded that changing the way of thinking, parenting and cultural building is very important. Furthermore, proper education about sex and preparing the educational content and related tools for adolescence boys and girls can be functional.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The Efficacy of Compassion-Based Psychotherapy on Self-Awareness and Sexual Self-Esteem of Women with Sexual Dysfunction Symptoms
Siavash Lajevardi farshid khosropour hamid Mollayee ZarandiSexual dysfunction is often accompanied by emotional imbalance, diminished psychological and sexual self-esteem. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-based psychotherapy on self-awareness and sexual self-esteem of women with sexual dysfuncti MoreSexual dysfunction is often accompanied by emotional imbalance, diminished psychological and sexual self-esteem. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-based psychotherapy on self-awareness and sexual self-esteem of women with sexual dysfunction symptoms. A semi- experimental research design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up measurements was employed. The study population consisted of married women with sexual dysfunction who sought counseling in the family counselling centers in Tehran between January 2023 to April 2023. The research sample included 30 women with sexual dysfunction who were purposefully selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to two groups: experimental(15 participants) and control (15 participants). Data were collected using the Female Sexual Function Index, the short form of the Sexual Self-Esteem Scale, and the Self-Compassion Scale. The experimental group received 12 sessions of 90-minute compassion-based psychotherapy, while the control group did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24 software through repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post- hoc test. The results of repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant differences between post-test and follow-up measurements of the experimental and control groups in sexual self-esteem and self-awareness scores (p ≤ 0.001). The therapeutic effects were maintained during the 3-month follow- up. Based on the findings, compassion-based psychotherapy was found to be effective in enhancing self- awareness and sexual self-esteem of women with sexual dysfunction symptoms. Therefore, further research is recommended to explore the efficacy of this approach and compare it with other evidence- based treatments in larger samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - The Relationship between Spiritual Health and Marital Quality in Married Women in Shiraz
Soodeh Dashtiane Nasir Dastan sepideh keshvarz<p>This paper aims to compare spiritual health and marital quality in married women. The method of descriptive research was correlational. The statistical population of this study included all married women in Shiraz. Moreover, the statistical sample included 100 indivi More<p>This paper aims to compare spiritual health and marital quality in married women. The method of descriptive research was correlational. The statistical population of this study included all married women in Shiraz. Moreover, the statistical sample included 100 individuals, and cluster sampling was applied to determine the sample size. Paloutzian and Ellison's Spiritual Health questionnaires and Busby's Marital Quality Questionnaire were utilized to collect data. Furthermore, the collected data were analyzed at two levels (descriptive statistics and inferential statistics). Correlation coefficients and multivariate regression analysis were applied at the inferential level for descriptive statistics. The results showed a significant relationship between spiritual health and marital quality in married women. Generally, spiritual health was higher among married women with good marital quality.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Investigating the Relationship Between Rumination and Perceived Stress with Life Satisfaction in Married Women in Shiraz
Fatemeh Dinakani reza chalmeh fatemeh abdolahi<p>The aim of the present research was to explain the relationship between rumination and perceived stress with life satisfaction in married women in Shiraz. The research method was a descriptive and survey-based. The statistical population included all the women of Shi More<p>The aim of the present research was to explain the relationship between rumination and perceived stress with life satisfaction in married women in Shiraz. The research method was a descriptive and survey-based. The statistical population included all the women of Shiraz city, and 210 individuals were selected as the statistical sample size using a convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Hoeksma and Maro's Rumination Questionnaire (1991), Cohen et al.'s Perceived Stress Questionnaire (1983) and Diener Ammons Larsen and Griffin's Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (1985). The findings revealed that among the dimensions of rumination, the two components of preoccupation and depression had a negative and significant relationship with life satisfaction. However, there was no significant relationship between reflection and life satisfaction. In conclusion, the overall score of rumination was negatively and significantly related to life satisfaction, and ultimately, perceived stress is not a significant predictor of life satisfaction.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Psychological Consequences of Violence Against Women and Girls
Zahra Zare Kazem Khorramdel<p>Violence against women and girls persists across all human societies despite differences in religions and other intellectual, cultural, economic, and social factors. It is a global, transhistorical and transcultural phenomenon with roots in the history of humanity. T More<p>Violence against women and girls persists across all human societies despite differences in religions and other intellectual, cultural, economic, and social factors. It is a global, transhistorical and transcultural phenomenon with roots in the history of humanity. This consequence prevents the full participation of women in society and poses a serious threat to human rights and health. Violence has significant effects on women's physical and mental health. Despite extensive research on the consequences of violence on women's mental health, the prevalence of violence has increased during the COVID-19 quarantine period. This study examines the extent of violence against women and girls and its psychological consequences during quarantine. This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. The instruments used in this study include a Demographic Questionnaire, Standard Violence Against Women Questionnaire and the Hopkins Index (HSCL). Data analysis was conducted by SPSS 26 software. (P <0.01). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between all dimensions of mental health and violence. Exposure to various types of violence leads to a decline in mental health across different dimensions. Violence emerges as a robust predictor of mental health in various dimensions. Considering the important role of women in the family and the impact of their health on family and community well-being, it is imperative to take measures to reduce violence and enhance women's mental health.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Decision-making Frameworks of Female Political Elites in Parliament Commission (A case study of women parliamentarians)
Zahra Heidari Zeynab Heydari Nahid Heidari<p>Women's political participation in the macro arenas of political and management decisions is one of the basic components of sustainable development. This paper aims to answer the question, "What are the decision-making frameworks of female political elites in parliam More<p>Women's political participation in the macro arenas of political and management decisions is one of the basic components of sustainable development. This paper aims to answer the question, "What are the decision-making frameworks of female political elites in parliamentary commissions?" In this research, the statistical sample includes 20 female representatives of the Islamic Council in ten terms. Moreover, the research method is based on qualitative and quantitative content analysis techniques, semi-structured interview techniques in the data collection process, and interview text. For data analysis, Excel and Visio were applied in the framework of various charts and models. The findings concerning multiple categories, such as decision-making framework, showed that the highest frequency of commission decision-making is based on interest and expertise. In the category of commission preference framework, the highest frequency is the cultural commission due to the cultural background, knowledge, and interest of the female political elite. Furthermore, the number of supporters and opponents of forming the women's commission is almost the same. Although relatively the number of those who support the formation of the women's commission is more, most of those who support it are from the fundamentalist faction. Concerning the causal framework of agreeing to the formation of the women's commission, the most frequent insufficiency of the faction and the discussion of the necessity of the formation and effective functioning of the women's faction have passed. The highest frequency concerning the causal framework of opposition to this commission is the lack of necessity and the sufficiency of the faction and the commission to investigate women's issues. Generally, the researcher develops a total of 3 main categories, six first sub-categories and 60 second sub-categories. Some 221 semantic expressions are identified, portrayed, and analyzed in the form of a diagram.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Factors Influencing the Restructuring of Women's Social Identity with a Comprehensive Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach
neda khodakaramiangilan mohsen niazi<p>In contemporary societies, factors such as industrialization, technological development, economic expansion, investment, and communication development have transformed the symbolic framework of individuals' lives. In such circumstances, individuals need identity; thr More<p>In contemporary societies, factors such as industrialization, technological development, economic expansion, investment, and communication development have transformed the symbolic framework of individuals' lives. In such circumstances, individuals need identity; through identity, complexity and the speed of social changes can be mitigated, enabling humans to create relative order in their lives and surroundings. In this research, the investigator aims to design a model consisting of factors influencing the restructuring of women's social identity using the comprehensive interpretive structural modeling method. The present research is descriptive-analytical, and the study population includes university experts, with 24 members selected purposefully from the faculty, doctoral graduates, and doctoral students in the fields of sociology and psychology. The designed model encompasses 11 factors: women's awareness of their position in society, conflicting identities, inclination toward gender equality, individual life orientation, universities and higher education centers, prevalence of stereotypical beliefs, challenges in coordinating traditional and new roles, social spaces, generational changes, reconsideration of identity, modernity, and identity inconsistency. Among the examined factors, challenges in coordinating traditional and new roles, reconsideration of cultural identity, prevalence of gender stereotypes, and conflicting identities are identified as pivotal factors in shaping the restructuring of women's social identity. These factors lead to women's awareness of their position in society, inclination toward gender equality, the role of universities and higher education centers, identity inconsistency, modernity, and social spaces. Ultimately, generational changes will be the outcome.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Ethical Misconduct with a Focus on Covert Violence Against Women in the Novel "The Terrible Tehran" by Moshfeq Kazemi
Elham Ahmadi kobra nodehi arastoo miraniWomen are among the vulnerable groups in society who have historically faced widespread violations of rights and extensive violence. An important issue in this context is the various perspectives and theories that organizations, institutions, real and legal personalitie MoreWomen are among the vulnerable groups in society who have historically faced widespread violations of rights and extensive violence. An important issue in this context is the various perspectives and theories that organizations, institutions, real and legal personalities, and writers have each attempted to portray the nature of violence against women and combat it. Writers have typically used the format of social novels to describe the situation of women and the violence exerted upon them. This article explores Moshfeq Kazemi's "The Terrible Tehran," which is considered the first social novel in Iran. The main question of this paper is: "What are the main ethical misconducts focused on covert violence against women in 'The Terrible Tehran'?" The central hypothesis of the current article emphasizes that Moshfeq Kazemi depicts a frightening Tehran after the Constitutional Revolution and the early Pahlavi era, essentially mourning the plight of Iranian women and a patriarchal society through two major indicators: covert verbal and non-verbal violence. The findings of the article using a descriptive-analytical method and utilizing written and digital sources indicate that ethical misconduct against women in the novel "The Terrible Tehran" includes major indicators of covert verbal and non-verbal violence. Based on this, humiliation, slander, insult, threat, lying, taunting, and mockery fall under covert verbal violence, and ignoring women's personhood, supporting erroneous marriage customs, endorsement of polygamy, sexual violence, and hypocrisy are forms of covert non-verbal violence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Evaluation of the Quality of Life of Patients with Bipolar Disorder Type I (Women Under 50 Years Old)
negar sangari reza qorban jahromi<p>Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depressive disorder, is a mood disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormal happiness. Considering the high prevalence of this disease in women, the present research was conducted with the aim of ev More<p>Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depressive disorder, is a mood disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormal happiness. Considering the high prevalence of this disease in women, the present research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the quality of life of patients with bipolar disorder type I in women under fifty years of age. To conduct the research, the individual characteristics of the participants were examined first, then the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to evaluate the quality of life. The statistical population of the present study was 50 female patients who were diagnosed with bipolar I disorder based on the criteria of DSM-IV-TR and who had referred to counseling and treatment centers in Tehran in 1402 and were included in the study using available sampling method. Also, in order to compare this group with healthy people in the community, a group (50 people) was selected from among the companions of the patients and the staff of counseling centers and the results were analyzed using independent T-test in SPSS software. Based on the findings of this research, the quality of life score for the healthy group was equal to 78 and above the average level (µ=50), which shows that the healthy group has a better quality of life. On the other hand, in the patient group, the quality of life score equal to 36 was obtained, which is lower than the average level and indicates the unfavorable quality of life of the patient group. This difference was also statistically significant.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Investigating the Relationship Between Sexual Conversation and Sexual Performance of Married Women in Shiraz
fatemeh zarei kazem khorramdel Hajar Kohansal<p>This research aimed to investigate the relationship between sexual dialogue and the sexual performance of married women in Shiraz in the year 1402 (Shamsi). Our statistical population was married women living in Shiraz who had experienced sexual intercourse within th More<p>This research aimed to investigate the relationship between sexual dialogue and the sexual performance of married women in Shiraz in the year 1402 (Shamsi). Our statistical population was married women living in Shiraz who had experienced sexual intercourse within the past six months. From this population, 200 people were selected using convenience sampling and responded to the questionnaires. Data were collected using the Sexual Relationship Pattern questionnaire, the Arizona sexual experience scale questionnaire (women's form), and a demographic questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson's correlation coefficient test in SPSS software. The results showed a significant positive relationship between sexual conversation and sexual performance. It can be explained that among women who had more sexual dialogue, there was greater satisfaction in their sexual performance.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Sleep Quality and Psychological Health of Postmenopausal Women
Delshad Sadegnezhadei Seyedeh Sima Mahdilou Zahra Alizadeh hadi AkbariNejhad<p>This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on sleep quality and psychological health in menopausal women. The research method was a semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up phases with a control More<p>This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on sleep quality and psychological health in menopausal women. The research method was a semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up phases with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all menopausal women referred to health centers in Tabriz in 2023. A total of 30 women were selected through convenient sampling and randomly assigned into two groups (each consisting of 15 participants). The experimental group received ACT in eight 1.5-hour sessions, while the control group received no treatment. Both groups completed the 19-question Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and 28-item Goldberg's general health questionnaires before, after, and 3 months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance & Bonferroni post hoc test. The results indicated that ACT significantly improved sleep quality and psychological health in the post-test phase compared to the control group. These improvements were maintained at the follow-up stage. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy may effectively improve the sleep quality and psychological health of menopausal women.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Investigating the Dimensions and Consequences of Women's Duty Orientation in the Leadership Thought of the Founder of the Islamic Revolution
Malihe Hajihasan Mahdi Naderi<p>The synthesis of human "rights" and "duties" constitutes one of the most fundamental issues of human intellectual traditions, each striving to provide a coherent response through the establishment of a knowledgeable system. Within the intellectual framework of Imam K More<p>The synthesis of human "rights" and "duties" constitutes one of the most fundamental issues of human intellectual traditions, each striving to provide a coherent response through the establishment of a knowledgeable system. Within the intellectual framework of Imam Khomeini (RA) as the leader of the revolution, the concept of duty orientation forms the basis of pragmatism action, where societal happiness and prosperity hinge upon fulfilling one's duties. Specifically addressing the issue of women's duty orientation, he highlighted its various dimensions and implications. Given the pivotal role and identity of women in the ideology of the Islamic Revolution's founder, their duty orientation radiates prominently within their intellectual endeavors, portraying them as catalysts for the revival of thought and ideology. In Imam's task-oriented perspective removing women, who are creators of humanity, from human societies and nations, would lead to societal decline and failure. Therefore, understanding the dimensions and consequences of women's duty orientation in leadership thought is crucial for achieving societal happiness within the Islamic Revolution. This article aims to elucidate these dimensions and consequences in the framework of Imam Khomeini's leadership thought using a hermeneutic text-centered approach. The research seeks to answer the question: "What are the dimensions and consequences of women's duty orientation in the leadership thought of the founder of the Islamic Revolution?" The findings of the research indicate that women's commitment is anchored in the Imam's sevenfold thought: "Duty as the origin of action", "Duty is a universal matter", "The scope of duty and human capability", "The internal and rational aspects of duty", " The legitimacy of Islamic duty "Achieving absolute victory through fulfilling duty," and "The obligatory nature of duty". Therefore, the dimensions of women's responsibilities in the leadership thought of the revolution encompass religious, familial, economic, political, and scientific domains. Furthermore, the consequences of women's responsibilities in individual empowerment and societal cohesion, are grounded in the sacred teachings of Muhammad.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Investigating the evolution of gender stereotypes with the mediating role of education in women (an intergenerational cultural study)
Zahra Zare kazem khorramdel Hajar Kohansal<p>Sexual health is a physical, emotional, mental and social condition related to sex and sexual affairs. It is necessary to have a positive approach towards sex, relationship and sexual behavior, discrimination and violence in order to ensure sexual health. Human sexua More<p>Sexual health is a physical, emotional, mental and social condition related to sex and sexual affairs. It is necessary to have a positive approach towards sex, relationship and sexual behavior, discrimination and violence in order to ensure sexual health. Human sexual behavior is affected by his knowledge and attitude towards gender and sexual issues. People's thoughts, attitudes, and values are important sources of sexual response. The purpose of this research was to investigate the evolution of sexual stereotypes during the past 5 decades and to study the effect of education on the amount of women's sexual stereotypes during the past 50 years. The statistical population included 5 decades of married women who lived in Fars province in 1400-1401. 500 people completed the questionnaires using available sampling method. Data analysis was done through tests using SPSS-26 software. The results of Pearson's correlation coefficients indicated that there is a negative relationship between the variables of the research and the result of the regression analysis generally showed that education can significantly predict the amount of stereotypical beliefs and the results of Manova's statistical test showed that the evolution of beliefs Sexual stereotypes have been declining over the past 50 years. According to the research results, a rethinking of sexual thoughts and taboos can be seen among women. While the level of education and literacy of women has increased significantly over the past 50 years, we have seen a very low increase in women's sexual knowledge.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Analysis of the biological-psychological-social model on the occurrence of irritable bowel syndrome in women:
sobhan pornikdast<p>In the last decade, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has evolved from a movement disorder to a complex disease that involves various factors, especially in women. Some of these factors include increased sensitivity in the internal organs. changes in the relationship be More<p>In the last decade, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has evolved from a movement disorder to a complex disease that involves various factors, especially in women. Some of these factors include increased sensitivity in the internal organs. changes in the relationship between the intestinal nervous system and the central nervous system, as well as psychological and social factors. There is increasing evidence that a history of abuse and stressful life events play a role in the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Studies have explained the clustering of IBS with social learning mechanisms or genetic factors. This review study focuses on female patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and, based on the biological-psychological-social model, examines health beliefs, exercise, stressors, and environmental factors.</p> Manuscript profile
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