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Open Access Article
1 - Investigating the effect of using various marketing strategies on social networks on gaining the trust of council customers Investigating ترجمههای investigate فعلفراوانی بررسی کردن investigate, check, peruse, survey, study رسیدگی کردن consider, attend, check, investigate, inspect, investigate استفسار کردن investigate وارسی کردن sift, investigate پژوهیدن investigate, inquire, research, search تحقیق کردن investigate, inquire, verify, assay, interrogate, question اطلاعات مقدماتی بدست اوردن investigate جستار کردن investigate تفتیش کردن inquire, inspect, investigate, revise باز جویی کردن examine, assay, inquire, interrogate, investigate, cross-examine تعریفهای investigate فعل ۱ carry out a systematic or formal inquiry to discover and examine the facts of (an incident, allegation, etc.) so as to establish the truth. police are investigating the alleged beating مترادفها: check outsuss outgive something the once-overscope outinquire intolook intogo intolook overprobeexplorescrutinizeconduct an investigation intoconduct an inquiry intomake inquiries abouttry to get to the bottom ofinspectanalyzestudyexamineconsiderresearchsearch/sift the evidence concerningpore overdelve intoauditevaluatefollow up مترادف investigate فعل check outsuss outgive something the once-overscope out inquire intolook intogo intolook overprobeexplorescrutinizeconduct an investigation intoconduct an inquiry intomake inquiries abouttry to get to the bottom ofinspectanalyzestudyexamineconsiderresearchsearch/sift the evidence concerningpore overdelve intoauditevaluatefollow up همچنین ببینید investigate
farzaneh milani jafari zenouziThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of using variety of marketing strategies in social networks to build customers’ trust. Marketing through social networks has made appropriate opportunities for companies to attract more customers. Building customers' tr MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of using variety of marketing strategies in social networks to build customers’ trust. Marketing through social networks has made appropriate opportunities for companies to attract more customers. Building customers' trust and attracting the customers can be mentioned as marketing challenges on these networks. So, in order to create competitive advantages, companies need to use appropriate strategies of building trust. The population of this study consists of all Iranian users of social networking sites that affected by companies advertisements. Also the sample size by using snowball sampling method is 446. The research method is descriptive survey research and data collection tool is questionnaire. To test hypotheses the partial least squares (PLS) technique and SmartPLS 3 software has been used. The results show that all four variables include: transactional, relationship, database and knowledge-based marketing strategies in social networks have a significant impact to build customers’ trust. Indeed, transactional strategy has negative impact on trust so the relation between this variable and dependent variable is reverse. knowledge-based marketing strategy has the most positive impact on customers’ trust. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Philosophical-Conceptual Exploitation of Urban Geopolitics
Arash Ghorbanisepehr Mohsen JanparvarDevelopments in various fields have led to the emergence of new topics in the field of study in urban areas as spatial-geographic phenomena. Although cities have already had a prominent place in the past, changes in power and levels of power have increased the role of s MoreDevelopments in various fields have led to the emergence of new topics in the field of study in urban areas as spatial-geographic phenomena. Although cities have already had a prominent place in the past, changes in power and levels of power have increased the role of subordinate actors that have shaped geopolitical debates on cities. The purpose of this paper is to understand and understand the general history, philosophical nature, reason, and definitions of urban geopolitics as a new and expanding issue. Therefore, in this paper for analyzing the information, content analysis method has been used. By examining the history of the formation of the city's geopolitical concept and its existing definitions, it became clear that the concept and nature of urban geopolitics are not well defined, as is necessary and desirable. Thus, the authors consider the geopolitical philosophical nature of the city to be the geographic resources of power, with emphasis on the city, the space of cities and their sphere of influence, and its relations at the levels (local, national, regional, global). The results of the general survey of urban geopolitical conceptualizations in the researches show that proper conceptualization of urban geopolitics is not necessary. Based on this, one can consider urban geopolitics in terms of four dimensions (location, actors, function, and discourse). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Petrography, geochemistry and mineralization of volcanic rock in Sistanak area (South East Qaen)
Hojat Mahvelati Rasa Ida MohebbiSistank copper deposit is geographically located in East and South-East city of Qain. In general, copper range in Sistanak is in East Central Zone, part of which is located in the Filishy zone and another part in the Lut Block. The stratigraphy in the study area have MoreSistank copper deposit is geographically located in East and South-East city of Qain. In general, copper range in Sistanak is in East Central Zone, part of which is located in the Filishy zone and another part in the Lut Block. The stratigraphy in the study area have shown that old rocks than the Jurassic age in the study area. According to petrographic studies, the volcanic rocks are divided into two groups of lavas (andesite and andesite -basalt) and pyroclastics (tuff and agglomerate). These rocks are placed in a class of high potassium calc-alkaline and calc-alkaline. According to chemical composition, volcanic rocks occur in andesite and andesite-basalts range. Copper is the main mineral in andesitic lavas, including native copper, chalcocite and malachite. In addition, in some samples the iron oxide minerals such as hematite and, gotite are presant. Mineralized zone is placed at the highest level of volcanic lava and the mineral is stratabound. Such characteristics, are indicative of epigenetic in origin. According to geological characteristics and based on geological and mineralogical charactristis, copper deposits in Sistanak is probably similar to Michigan type deposits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Neotectonic zoning using morphometric indices in Lali – Gotvand area, Khuzestan
Tayebeh Ahmadi Aziz Rahimi Hojahallah Safari Arash BarjastehQuantitative assessment forms and effects of the Earth's surface and calculation of morphometry indices of rivers, river channel, and mountain fronts are the best methods for investigation of the active tectonics. The studied area is located in Dezful Embayment zone of MoreQuantitative assessment forms and effects of the Earth's surface and calculation of morphometry indices of rivers, river channel, and mountain fronts are the best methods for investigation of the active tectonics. The studied area is located in Dezful Embayment zone of the Zagros Simply Folded Belt. In this study, the tectonics and regional morphotectonics of Lali – Gotvand area are interpreted using digital elevation model. This research analyzed three indices including mountain front sinuosity (Smf), ratio of valley width to valley height (Vf) and stream length-gradient index (Sl). The morphometry indices were analyzed to determine tectonic activity according to general tectonic of Simply Folded Zagros and Dezful Embayment in Lali - Gotvand region in the north east of Khuzestan. After calculating the noted indices and information integration layers, the neotectonic zoning map were prepared as tectonic activity in 4 categories: very active, active, relatively active and non-active. According to these results, maximum tectonic activities have occurred in the North East based on stream length-gradient index, in East, North East, South East based on ratio of valley width to valley height and in North East, South East and central part based on mountain front sinuosity, respectively. The neotectonic zoning map shows the highest activity in the North, North East and Center and the lowest activity in the South of the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Active Tectonics Zonation in Saveh Area, SW Tehran
bijan abdollahi Hossein HajialibeigiGeomorphic indexes can be a useful tool for investigating the impact of active tectonics and the identification of related anomalies, especially in areas that quantitative research work has been done. The study area is a part of the Central Iranian structural-sedimentar MoreGeomorphic indexes can be a useful tool for investigating the impact of active tectonics and the identification of related anomalies, especially in areas that quantitative research work has been done. The study area is a part of the Central Iranian structural-sedimentary zone, located in the Saveh area. By studying the geological and topographic maps and using digital elevation data, it was evaluated the rate of relative active tectonics of this area, using some of the geomorphic indexes such as Hi, Re ,Bs, AF, Vf, Vc, V, SL, Smf and Iat. These indexes which have been measured and compared in eight fronts and nine basins (Shur-payeinii, Lar, Bidlu, Amirabad, Shur-baleii, Eshtehard, Buin Zahra, Arab and Kharrud) resulted to present the active tectonic zonation map for the study area. The measured Hi index shows the relative maturity of all basins and the Arab basin has the most relative tectonic activity compared to other basins. The Re index shows the highest elongation for Lar, Bidlu and Kharrud basins and the least elongation for Shur-payeinii basin. The AF index shows the highest uplift for the Bidlu basin, which is located on the right side of this basin. Vf, Vc and V indexes represent the lowest rate of activity in the valleys which are located on the border between the Shur-baleii and Amirabad basins, the southern part is the Lar basin and the border between Amirabad and Bidlu basins. The Kharrud, Buin Zahra and Arab basins are the most active basins based on the SL index. The Smf index indicates the high activity for all basins. According to active tectonic zonation map, it is possible to show that on the border between the Eshtehard, Shur-baleii, Lar, Bidlu and Amirabad basins which are located in 1 class, have the highest degree of activity. These basins are affected by behavior Jaru, Gomorkan, Ipak, Takidagh, and Alishar faults. Other parts along the mountain fronts are also located in 2 class and are active. The low-lying areas (Kharrud, Buin Zahra and Arab basins) located in 3 class, have the least degree of activity. The highest rate of SL index is for Kharrud, Buin Zahra and Arab basins. This high rate resulted to the seismic and active Ipak fault. According to Smf index, Amirabad basin is the most active basins. Vf index represent the lowest rate which are located on the border between the Shur-baleii and Amirabad basins. This border is located on Jaru and Gomorkan faults. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Impact of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem on Entrepreneurial Activity: GEM based Analysis
Hossein Torabi Masoud Kheyrandish mohsen mohammadi KhiyareMany scholars have highlighted the importance of entrepreneurship ecosystems in improving entrepreneurial activities, but, nevertheless, studies that are quantitatively analyzing the interrelationship between entrepreneurship ecosystems and their impact on increasing en MoreMany scholars have highlighted the importance of entrepreneurship ecosystems in improving entrepreneurial activities, but, nevertheless, studies that are quantitatively analyzing the interrelationship between entrepreneurship ecosystems and their impact on increasing entrepreneurial activities at various stages of entrepreneurship are very limited. Therefore, the aim of this study is to fill the gap in entrepreneurship literature and also to study the effect of these two variables in different stages of development of countries. In this regard, using data from 107 GEM countries During 2008-2017 and Generalized Momentary Econometric Model (GMM), the relationship between the components of the entrepreneurship ecosystem and economic growth has been estimated. The results showed that the impact of the financial environment on the entrepreneurial stages in the resource-based countries was negative and significant. However, the impact of entrepreneurship education, dynamics of the domestic market, social status of entrepreneurs (entrepreneurial culture) and the GDP growth have had a positive and significant impact on entrepreneurship in these countries. The results also indicate that the impact of ecosystem factors such as government policies and programs, taxes and bureaucracy, entrepreneurial education at basic and academic levels, R&D transfer, infrastructure, market dynamics and appropriate business environment have positive and significant impact on the growth of entrepreneurial activities in efficiency and innovation-driven countries. Overall, the results of this study indicate that in an ecosystem with low barriers to entry, government support policies for entrepreneurs, basic and higher education, commercial and legal infrastructure, and normative culture supporting entrepreneurship increases entreprenurial activities Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Analysis of Mantegh-Al-Teyr Based on Narratology
کاظم دزفولیان foad MoloudiThis article is an analysis of the narrative aspect of Attar’s Mantiq-Al-Tayr (Speech of Birds), based on the views of two structuralist narratologists- Gremas and Genette. On the one hand, using Gremas’s interpretative actanitial model, and basic structure of binary op MoreThis article is an analysis of the narrative aspect of Attar’s Mantiq-Al-Tayr (Speech of Birds), based on the views of two structuralist narratologists- Gremas and Genette. On the one hand, using Gremas’s interpretative actanitial model, and basic structure of binary oppositions in this model, we will study the process of creating meaning and development of narrative units in Mantiq-Al-Tayr, as well as the role of binary oppositions, such as, meaning/ form, body/ soul, and the heaven/ the earth in the formation of the actantial roles. On the other hand, based on Genet’s theory, the three narrative levels of the story- narrative, narratology and linking features of these levels- will be presented in Mantiq-Al-Tayr in order to show to what extent this work enjoys narrative structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Semiotic Analysis of Conversations in the Screenplays of “Rooz-e Vaghe’eh”, “Ayyarnameh” and “Toomar-e Sheikh Sharzin” Written by Bahram Beyzaie
Mohammad Ali KhazanehdarlouWith prevalence of screenplay publication, the conversation’s role in developing the plot of the story and transferring its theme has come to much attention. Keir Elam's functional approach towards discourse, which she calls the theory of applied semantics, is the first MoreWith prevalence of screenplay publication, the conversation’s role in developing the plot of the story and transferring its theme has come to much attention. Keir Elam's functional approach towards discourse, which she calls the theory of applied semantics, is the first coherent theory that explores the elements of conversation (utterance) according to the different systems of signs in drama, in contrast to the other literary genres. Speech act is a unit of applied semantics and forms a part of the conversation analysis of screenplays. The present study intends to find an answer to its main question regarding the role of speech acts in the semiotics of epic conversation writing through analyzing the speech acts in three screenplays "Rooz-e-Vaqe'eh", "Ayyarnameh" and "Toomar-e Sheikh Sharzin". The results show that the five speech acts introduced by Searle are repeated in the same way in the conversations throughout these screenplays. In all three works, commisive and declarative acts are used to develop the story. Declarative act in these screenplays is represented in a special linguistic arrangement to create meaning and the epic style of screenplays. The three main characters aim at changing the outside world; they create epic through using declarative act and making the audience accompany them. The character of Abdullah (Shibli) in "Rooz-e-Vaqe’eh" declares something about Imam Hussein. In two other screenplays, the characters of Soha and Eidi (Sheikh Sharzin’s disciple) along with the characters of Pahlavan and Sheikh Sharzin take an oath. In these three screenplays, all assertive, verdictive, and locutionary speech acts are used in reaction to a declarative act. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Analysis of secondary motives of imperative verb in social poem of collection of "Aieenehei Baray-e Sedaha (A Mirror for Sounds)"
Seyyedeh Fatemeh Zabihpour Aliakbar Bagheri Khalili siavash haghjouThe main message of the literary propositions lies in their meanings and secondary function and the author uses it in artistic and beautiful way to affect the audience. Speech act is one of the subcategories of Pragmatic and aims to reopen the implied meanings; as centu MoreThe main message of the literary propositions lies in their meanings and secondary function and the author uses it in artistic and beautiful way to affect the audience. Speech act is one of the subcategories of Pragmatic and aims to reopen the implied meanings; as centuries before its advent, traditional semantics had the task of specifying secondary purposes in the form of news and propositions.Imperative verb has a variety of applications as one of the subcollection of the essays in semantics and its pragmatic analysis has an important role in discovering the hidden layers of the author’s mind and thought and makes the affection more connected.Mohammad Reza ShafieiKadkani, the outstanding contemporary poet, in the collection of poetry "Aieenehei Baray-e Sedaha (A Mirror for Sounds) "has influenced on imaging and the conceptualization of the poetry. Reviews show that by applying the imperative verbs artistically in the the proportional and contradictory context of the poet and using the rhetorical elements, Shafiei could illustrate them in the convincing, guidance, encouraging applications, besides the other implicit applications like expressing the wonder, astonishment and threat. This secondary purpose is equivalent to Illocutionary Act in Austin’s speech act theories that recounts the power of impact on the audience and stimulating emotions by artistic ability to present them and says theAustin’s impact act. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Politics and Existentialism: A Study of Hannah Arnedt’s Approach to Action
مصطفي يونسيThe question of the present paper regards Hanna Arnedt’s ideas about human action. Is “action”, in Arnedt’s thought, merely an answer to the problems of the contemporary man, or what? The hypothesis is that Arnedt has an existentialist approach to “action”, and offers i MoreThe question of the present paper regards Hanna Arnedt’s ideas about human action. Is “action”, in Arnedt’s thought, merely an answer to the problems of the contemporary man, or what? The hypothesis is that Arnedt has an existentialist approach to “action”, and offers it as a solution of disastrous crises upon the contemporary man. To test the hypothesis, we begin with the study of the concept of “action” in Arnedt’s thought, then we will see what existentialism is, and what its main principles are, and finally we will show the relationship between existentialist thoughts and Arnedt’s approach, contrasting her approach to “action” with the main principles of existentialism already made clear. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Concept of "Self" and its Relation to Political Action in Hannah Arendt and Herbert Marcuse
Mohammad Abedi Ardakani Mahmoud AlipourIn connection with concept the self, There is abundant writings and works. Nevertheless, one of the definitions of the Self, Especially in modernist and postmodernist attitude, refers to space of independent and autonomous activism of subject, as can be seen in the Phra MoreIn connection with concept the self, There is abundant writings and works. Nevertheless, one of the definitions of the Self, Especially in modernist and postmodernist attitude, refers to space of independent and autonomous activism of subject, as can be seen in the Phrase like Self-advancing, depend on themselves and did itself. Basically, the self concept among political thinkers is frequently observed. Two of the thinkers of the twentieth century that with this understanding of self have written, are Hannah Arendt and Herbert Marcuse. On one hand, by introducing the concept of "human diversity”, Arendt follows idea that introduce humans as self (subject) and reveal as distinct and free existent. And finally, this approach connects with the concept of action to introduce the human self as designator in the political system. On the other hand, is Herbert Marcuse that in One-Dimensional Man' book, is looking activation humans as active and independent selves from the grip of a kind of continuity that capitalist society has created. Therefore, as long as there is the continuity, Political action is also limited. Basically, common feature between Arendt and Marcuse can be noted to their efforts in activating the Human minds or selves and its connection to political activism. Fundamentally distinct concepts of self, in the Arendt and Marcuse thought, compared to the previous political philosophy, is that self in philosophy, is highly dependent on power, domination, Technology and Media. But these thinkers, with the connection of the subject to political action, attempt to renew subject, political activism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Relationship BetweenTruth and Politics in Fardid's Thought
حاتم قادری مسعود غفاري محرم طاهرخانیOne of the most important philosophical and mystical concepts which Ahmad Fardid had brought up theorizing about it under the title of theosophy, is the concept of truth.the concept of truth is so important for Fardid that it embraces his whole contemplative atmospher MoreOne of the most important philosophical and mystical concepts which Ahmad Fardid had brought up theorizing about it under the title of theosophy, is the concept of truth.the concept of truth is so important for Fardid that it embraces his whole contemplative atmosphere about all subjects from cosmology to theology and anthropology.In other word, one of the most basic subjects for becoming familiar with philosophical, mystical and political thoughts in Fardid's viewpoint knows the truth. However, on the other way,Fardid isn't considered political philosopher specifically. His viewpoint about history can have political consequences. So, issues relate to society and politics would be considered precious, moral and noteworthy to the extent to which they are connected to the truth and if political philosophy couldnot get near to the truth of the subject under investigation, it would become subject to criticism and in some cases being rejected. In theorizing the theosophy of history, Fardid makes a complicated and impregnable connection between the truth and politics and considers understanding of the truth prior to knowing the political subject. So he represents a new definition of politics which has been less taken into interpretation. The most important political implication of truth in Fardid theosophy viewpoint is to ignore and pay no attention to political action which causes the change in the essence and meaning of the political and causes the transformation and conversion of political action into mystical andspiritual act. The present text describes and interprets Fardid's thought in the case of truth and investigates the relationship and influence of this key concept in Fardid's theosophy and spiritual history on the political and political action. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Language and Politics: Pragmatic and Strategic Aspects of Language in Imam Khomeini's Leadership in the Process of Islamic Revolution in Iran
seyedreza shakeriIslamic revolution realized in Iran under the leadership of a religious leader. Although the leader was in exile but he had strong connections with his followers despite his deprivation of communication means. This issue in this paper is the basis of reviewing the relat MoreIslamic revolution realized in Iran under the leadership of a religious leader. Although the leader was in exile but he had strong connections with his followers despite his deprivation of communication means. This issue in this paper is the basis of reviewing the relationship between language and politics; so the paper tries to explain pragmatic and strategic aspects of language in Imam Khomeini's leadership in the process of Islamic revolution. In the field of study of relationship between language and politics, there are two general approaches: politics as theory and knowledge and politics as power and the realm of collective action to sustain or to change the current situation. This paper, by focusing on the second approach and by using the theories of language competence and language pragmatics in the realm of media and in mobilization of mass, will try to examine influential functions and pragmatic aspects of language in Imam Khomeini's thoughts. The findings indicate that Imam Khomeini as a scholar in mystics, ethics and jurisprudence and by his own classification of Islamic sciences introduced the pragmatism as the core of those sciences and used the language along political and revolutionary actions. Mobilizing the mass, criticizing and opposing the current situation and inviting the people to realize the Islamic state are among Imam Khomeini's pragmatic aspects of leadership. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Evolution Course of “Pleasure” in Classical Political Thought
Appreciating human as naturally sociable in the classical political thought, many of human categories considered as in private domain in modern age, have been included in political philosophy discourse category and occupied a prominent position in this domain. Among oth MoreAppreciating human as naturally sociable in the classical political thought, many of human categories considered as in private domain in modern age, have been included in political philosophy discourse category and occupied a prominent position in this domain. Among others, “pleasure” is an important normative matter which Greek philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle and their precedents, have theorized in their political-theological schema and framework of philosophy. However, while Plato in his Philebus, and Aristotle deal with in his Nichomachean Ethics, in two parts, in Hellenistic Roman Empire, ”pleasure gradually has been subsided from its political status, leading towads the private ethics. Epicure is among the persons who considers the pleasure focally, but not like Aristotle as a social activity, but as a category related to self-purification and in fact as an introduction for reduction of outcast pleasure from political perspective toward very divine subject through Christianity emergence and instead of imagining a position in designing the prosperous society, it turns into an subject in the framework of god-human relationships and as a result it is no more the issue of normative political and social understanding but it is considered as the category concerning obedience of divine subject. This issue is stabilized through Augustine’s convention and pleasure in its evolution course evolves as political subject to religious suject that in following provides the possibility of modern pleasurism (hendoism) free from social ethics priciples. In order to understand the changing process of the position of “pleasure” category from the political matter in Greek ethics philosophy to the individual subject in modern political philosophy, this paper investigates the evolution process of “pleasure” from the normal subject to the mere religious category in classic era. Manuscript profile -
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15 - The Transformation of communicative action, public sphere, civil society and democracy in Iran (The case study: Iran, between the constitutional movement and the presidential election 10th)
مانا دشتگلی هاشمی هادی خانیکی Tahmineh ShaverdiIn this article, historical events and cases happening from the constitutional movement to the tenth presidential election of Iran, suggesting formation or non-formation of communicative action, public sphere, civil society and democracy, have been narrated and compared MoreIn this article, historical events and cases happening from the constitutional movement to the tenth presidential election of Iran, suggesting formation or non-formation of communicative action, public sphere, civil society and democracy, have been narrated and compared in a comparative study based on Boolean algebras. This study aimed at better understanding of Iranian society and identifying ups and downs that Iranian society has passed on the road to democracy regarding to communicative action, the public sphere and civil society since constitutional revolution until now, and tries to answer this question that how the relationship between communicative action, public sphere, civil society and democracy can be explained? Accordingly, the theoretical concepts of the research were reviewed and extracted from views of Arendt, Habermas, Gramsci, Lipset, Alain de Benoist and Bashiriyeh to get indices and indicators for these concepts. Then according to these indicators the situation of the communicative action, public sphere, civil society and democracy in five historical periods (since the constitutional movement to the tenth presidential election) were narrated and analyzed. During the narrative analysis of each period of time based on the presence and absence of each concept exemplar, zero (low intensity) and one (high intensity) were placed in Boolean table for each historical juncture and the relationship between these concepts were studied. Based on the findings it can be argued that despite the attempts and measures done by society, elites and part of state or government, three concepts of communicative action, public sphere and civil society were not so strong except in a few cases. Therefore, in different historical periods, lack of one of these three insufficient conditions impeded realization of democracy in Iran. Among these five historical periods, historic period of nationalization of oil is the only time that Iranian attempts to reach to the democracy has got a fruit and made democracy possible, thanks to the communicative action, public sphere and civil society. During the constitutional movement the historical cases that had traces of presence of communicative action or public sphere and during the reform era historical cases that referred to civil society and public sphere are more than the events that lack these concepts. But in the revolution and tenth presidential election of Iran the historical cases referring to communicative action, public sphere, civil society and democracy were less than events referring to these concepts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Discourse Analysis of The Relation between Political Theory and Political Action in Ancient Greece
Ali Alihosseini r w alireza aghahosseiniContemporary approaches interpreted political theory as ignoring political reality, lacking a real problem and more subject of the abstract and metaphysical dignity. The research is opposed to this view and attempting to interpret political theory as engaging in politic MoreContemporary approaches interpreted political theory as ignoring political reality, lacking a real problem and more subject of the abstract and metaphysical dignity. The research is opposed to this view and attempting to interpret political theory as engaging in political reality. For this purpose, this study intends to present a discursive conception of ancient Greek political theory and its relationship with political action - as a criterion of political reality. For this reason, the writers, first of all, look at the genealogy of the conditions for the emergence of political theory in ancient Greece. Then, by choosing the concept of polis as the central sign of ancient Greek political theory, explaining the centrality of this concept. The following section attempts to reveal the relation of discourse of the polis with the fundamental elements of the ancient Greek political theory. The last issue is about the quality and the relationship between political theory and political action in ancient Greece. This research uses the assumptions of discourse theory to support its claim. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Psychology of Crowd and Rethinking in Post-political Views: A meta-theoretical standpoint of Elias Canetti
Negin Nourian-DehkordiThe 21st century has seen the rise of crowd waves in various forms and witnessed destructive group behaviors, which are manifestly in contradiction with the image of human as a rational actor. The human was thought to learn from the terrible experiences of the masses of MoreThe 21st century has seen the rise of crowd waves in various forms and witnessed destructive group behaviors, which are manifestly in contradiction with the image of human as a rational actor. The human was thought to learn from the terrible experiences of the masses of the twentieth century, today appears as such an irrational de-individualized character that inspired us to rethink the effect of the group on the individual and the tremendous power of the crowd over human behavior. Crowd psychology emphasizes on the importance of passion and emotion in the study of human destructive behaviors in the group and seeks to identify the nature of human crowds and masses and the mechanisms of control of their power. The purpose of this essay is to use the views of Elias Canetti, as a profound observer of Fascism, Nazism and Stalinism, in order to cast light on the rise of crowds in the present century. The main question is what do Canetti perspectives say about the power of the crowds in our time? We will, in response to this question, by qualitative content analysis of part of his works, show that Canetti views can be utilized to deal with crowd phenomena. In addition, for understanding the nature of the masses and crowds and to analyze their power and dynamics and to recognize the mechanisms of control of crowd power and mass uprisings in the 21st century. From the perspective of Canetti crowd psychology, we find that with the erosion of the mechanisms of containment of the crowd power, the danger of mass eruption not only has not banished from our world, but crowd power can appear more threatening and uncontrollable than before. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Citizenship" as an Alternative to "Alienation from the World": Based on the Ideas of Hannah Arendt
Azadeh Shabani Abbas ManouchehriOne of the fundamental problems of modern societies is the problem of "alienation"; For this reason, the analysis and explanation of this problem appears in the studies of many thinkers. Hannah Arendt is one of the political thinkers who, on the one hand, has considered MoreOne of the fundamental problems of modern societies is the problem of "alienation"; For this reason, the analysis and explanation of this problem appears in the studies of many thinkers. Hannah Arendt is one of the political thinkers who, on the one hand, has considered the alienation of modern human in her studies, and on the other hand, has re-read and explained the concept of citizenship in its classical sense which is related to action. In this essay, after explaining the two concepts of "alienation from the world" and "citizenship" by Hannah Arendt, an attempt is made to answer the question of whether Arendt's theory of citizenship can be considered as an alternative to the situation of alienation from the world of modern human. It also claims that, in contrast to the alienation of modern human, Arendt's desirable human condition can be realized in terms of citizenship. Manuscript profile -
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19 - Arendt’s Political Thought and the Possibility of Change in International Relations
Homeira Moshirzadeh Arya MoknatAccording to mainstream IR theories and, in particular, realism, violence is and will remain to be an essential and inseparable part of international relations. All variations of realism view human nature and/or intentional system as inherently violent. Hannah Arendt’s MoreAccording to mainstream IR theories and, in particular, realism, violence is and will remain to be an essential and inseparable part of international relations. All variations of realism view human nature and/or intentional system as inherently violent. Hannah Arendt’s theory of political power as a non-violent and collective human action challenges this fundamental assumption and offers a new perspective on what constitutes the essence of politics. Arendt’s idea of “human condition” rejects all forms of essentialism with regard to human beings and opens up a theoretical space for a new understanding of international relations where human beings become the primary political agents (despite the fact that she sees the existing international relations more from a realist point of view). Contrary to mainstream IR theories in general, and to realism in particular, for Arendt the individuals, rather than the states, are ultimately the main players in international relations. In this paper, we bind different aspects of Arendt’s political thought together to offer a new theoretical perspective for a possible change in world politics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Analysis of the discourses Letters issued by Amir Massoud in the first volume of Beyhaqi's history (Based on Searle's theory of speech)
Tahereh Ishany Nahid MehrafruzThe value of Beihaqi's History as a literary and historical text is not overlooked by anyone. In this work, "Letters" are of special interest and analyzing them from different angles and with interdisciplinary approaches can open up new horizons. Since Amir Massoud has MoreThe value of Beihaqi's History as a literary and historical text is not overlooked by anyone. In this work, "Letters" are of special interest and analyzing them from different angles and with interdisciplinary approaches can open up new horizons. Since Amir Massoud has written letters to people with different positions, analyzing these letters in a scientific way, in addition to revealing some of its hidden angles, how the owners of power exploited the possibilities; it shows the language of domination and political goals. The "Speech Action" theory is one of the theories that can be used to analyze any type of text. This theory, first introduced by Austin and then completed by Searle, emphasizes the functional features of the spoken word tongues. Therefore, in the forthcoming study, the letters of the Amir Massoud Issue, which are listed in the first volume of the Behaqi History Book, are descriptively analyzed based on the Searl classification, first separately, then comparative, and eventually the overall form of speech performance is analyzed. According to the results of the research, the frequency of declarative actions, in addition to informing and describing the thoughts of Amir Massoud and attempting to confirm the truth of his speech show his desires and intentions. Also, the frequency of other actions and the causes and purpose of using them are shown in this article. There has also been a great deal of application of persuasive action within the context of this desire and effort, and a significant percentage of emotional action has been used as the third repetitive action in the letter to Ghadkhani due to a causal link with Ghadkhani, which expresses the Sultan's emotional spirit towards his relatives and relatives. . The low usage of accruals also reflects the king's spirit and character, which is not bound by commitment and assurance, although somewhere, Amir Masoud has given assurances of the data in cases where he has mentioned his positive qualities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Recent advance in MXenes: antibacterial Activity and waste treatment
nasibeh hajilaryRecently, two-dimensional (2D) lamellar membranes have attracted worldwide attention of researchers because of mechanical robustness, tunable pore size, high performance, and their easy processing. MXenes 2D materials, also known as carbide/nitride functionalized metal MoreRecently, two-dimensional (2D) lamellar membranes have attracted worldwide attention of researchers because of mechanical robustness, tunable pore size, high performance, and their easy processing. MXenes 2D materials, also known as carbide/nitride functionalized metal nanoparticles, have applications in a variety of applications such as capacitors and ion batteries for energy storage, catalysts, wastewater treatment membranes and heavy metal ions separation. In the last decade, extensive studies have been conducted to improve the applicability of heavy metal adsorbent membranes with the aid of MXenes and its complexes. Given the challenges that environmental pollutants pose to nature and organisms, it is important to find ways of absorbing and removing pollutants. In this article, after introducing MXenes and its various structures, recent studies on wastewater treatment and nuclear waste treatment with MXenes and its compounds are summarized along with its antibacterial properties Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Long-Term Spectral Pseudo-Entropy (LTSPE): A New Robust Feature for Speech Activity Detection
Mohammad Rasoul kahrizi Seyed jahanshah kabudianSpeech detection systems are known as a type of audio classifier systems which are used to recognize, detect or mark parts of an audio signal including human speech. Applications of these types of systems include speech enhancement, noise cancellation, identification, r MoreSpeech detection systems are known as a type of audio classifier systems which are used to recognize, detect or mark parts of an audio signal including human speech. Applications of these types of systems include speech enhancement, noise cancellation, identification, reducing the size of audio signals in communication and storage, and many other applications. Here, a novel robust feature named Long-Term Spectral Pseudo-Entropy (LTSPE) is proposed to detect speech and its purpose is to improve performance in combination with other features, increase accuracy and to have acceptable performance. To this end, the proposed method is compared to other new and well-known methods of this context in two different conditions, with uses a well-known speech enhancement algorithm to improve the quality of audio signals and without using speech enhancement algorithm. In this research, the MUSAN dataset has been used, which includes a large number of audio signals in the form of music, speech and noise. Also various known methods of machine learning have been used. As well as Criteria for measuring accuracy and error in this paper are the criteria for F-Score and Equal-Error Rate (EER) respectively. Experimental results on MUSAN dataset show that if our proposed feature LTSPE is combined with other features, the performance of the detector is improved. Moreover, this feature has higher accuracy and lower error compared to similar ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - A New VAD Algorithm using Sparse Representation in Spectro-Temporal Domain
Mohadese Eshaghi Farbod Razzazi Alireza BehradThis paper proposes two algorithms for Voice Activity Detection (VAD) based on sparse representation in spectro-temporal domain. The first algorithm was made using two-dimensional STRF (Spectro-Temporal Response Field) space based on sparse representation. Dictionaries MoreThis paper proposes two algorithms for Voice Activity Detection (VAD) based on sparse representation in spectro-temporal domain. The first algorithm was made using two-dimensional STRF (Spectro-Temporal Response Field) space based on sparse representation. Dictionaries with different atomic sizes and two dictionary learning methods were investigated in this approach. This algorithm revealed good results at high SNRs (signal-to-noise ratio). The second algorithm, whose approach is more complicated, suggests a speech detector using the sparse representation in four-dimensional STRF space. Due to the large volume of STRF's four-dimensional space, this space was divided into cubes, with dictionaries made for each cube separately by NMF (non-negative matrix factorization) learning algorithm. Simulation results were presented to illustrate the effectiveness of our new VAD algorithms. The results revealed that the achieved performance was 90.11% and 91.75% under -5 dB SNR in white and car noise respectively, outperforming most of the state-of-the-art VAD algorithms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Human Activity Recognition based on Deep Belief Network Classifier and Combination of Local and Global Features
Azar MahmoodzadehDuring the past decades, recognition of human activities has attracted the attention of numerous researches due to its outstanding applications including smart houses, health-care and monitoring the private and public places. Applying to the video frames, this paper pro MoreDuring the past decades, recognition of human activities has attracted the attention of numerous researches due to its outstanding applications including smart houses, health-care and monitoring the private and public places. Applying to the video frames, this paper proposes a hybrid method which combines the features extracted from the images using the ‘scale-invariant features transform’ (SIFT), ‘histogram of oriented gradient’ (HOG) and ‘global invariant features transform’ (GIST) descriptors and classifies the activities by means of the deep belief network (DBN). First, in order to avoid ineffective features, a pre-processing course is performed on any image in the dataset. Then, the mentioned descriptors extract several features from the image. Due to the problems of working with a large number of features, a small and distinguishing feature set is produced using the bag of words (BoW) technique. Finally, these reduced features are given to a deep belief network in order to recognize the human activities. Comparing the simulation results of the proposed approach with some other existing methods applied to the standard PASCAL VOC Challenge 2010 database with nine different activities demonstrates an improvement in the accuracy, precision and recall measures (reaching 96.39%, 85.77% and 86.72% respectively) for the approach of this work with respect to the other compared ones in the human activity recognition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Searle and the Logical Status of Fictional Stories
Gholamreza HosseinpourSearle basically draws attention to the subtle differences that exist between different types of verbal verbs.According to him, speaking or writing in a language is the performance of a very specific type of spoken verb, which is called illocutionary acts.In this respec MoreSearle basically draws attention to the subtle differences that exist between different types of verbal verbs.According to him, speaking or writing in a language is the performance of a very specific type of spoken verb, which is called illocutionary acts.In this respect, the existence of a narrative discourse poses a problem for one who believes in such a view; That is, how can we understand a work of fiction, even if the author's seemingly violates some important rules of language use?Searle's great effort, in this context, is to analyze the concept of fiction but not the concept of literature. In fact, the aim is to explore the difference between fictional and serious utterances not to explore the difference between figurative and literal utterances.According to Searle, The author of a work of fiction pretends to perform a series of illocutionary acts, normally of the assertive type. He believes what makes fiction possible, is a set ofextralinguistic, nonsemantic conventions that break the connection between words and the world established by the semantic rules of speech acts and in the same sense, the pretended performances of illocutionary acts which constitute the writing of a work of fiction consist in actually performing utterance acts with the intention of invoking the horizontal conventions that suspend the normal illocutionary commitments of the utterances. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to examine, analyze and critiqe Searle's view of the logical status of fictional discourse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - A Comparative Study of Mortgage Contract and Its Establishment in Iranian and American Legal Systems
Farideh ShokriAbstract: According to Iranian legal system, despite the existence of fixed debt in an obligation, pledgee and its waiver, the mortgage contract shall be enforceable and the right of pledgee shall be established on the mortgaged object. This is done without any differen MoreAbstract: According to Iranian legal system, despite the existence of fixed debt in an obligation, pledgee and its waiver, the mortgage contract shall be enforceable and the right of pledgee shall be established on the mortgaged object. This is done without any difference between the two stages of creation and establishment of the right of pledge. Even in the case of immovable mortgage it is obligatory to register the document. On the other hand, in Iranian legal system the principle of transferability of the mortgage – however briefly – has been officially recognized so that conclusion of a mortgage contract and the establishment of the right of pledgee is no obstacle to future transfer of mortgage or pertinent rights by the mortgagor in case it does not violate the rights of the pledgee. The rule of this principle, without special stipulations on establishment of the rights mentioned in the contract such as obligation to register the mortgage, will sometimes raise consequences such as dispute in discerning priority, reference to the superficial contracts containing the date of priority and consequently violating the rights of pledgee as well as legal dispute in courts and probably penal procedures. Whereas in many legal systems across the world, the US legal system for instance, there is a distinction between the two stages of concluding the mortgage contract or a pledge and stipulations for the establishment of the rights of mortgage for either side. In these legal systems, a distinction has been made between movable and immovable mortgage and establishment of the right of pledgee on each case requires finishing certain formalities otherwise, the right of the pledgee will be incomplete and the priority will be with the other party finishing the procedure. The question raised in this paper is this: Is it possible to make a distinction between the two stages in Iranian legal system with respect to the existing jurisprudential laws and the enforceable legal texts? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Application of Conceptual History in Understanding Political Thought and Action
hossein sharifara morteza Bahrani seyed khodayar Mortazavi alasl Farid khatamiConceptual history is a theoretical approach to the modern understanding of political thought and action over time and in the context of sociopolitical transformations. In this approach, concepts are rooted in social developments; In such a way that with the change and MoreConceptual history is a theoretical approach to the modern understanding of political thought and action over time and in the context of sociopolitical transformations. In this approach, concepts are rooted in social developments; In such a way that with the change and development in the society and the field of action, the concepts also change in terms of meaning and function. The question of this essay is how to understand and interpret the relationship between political practice and political theory and whether conceptual history can explain this relationship in a way that the researcher, besides exploring it, fulfills his responsibility of constructing a better society and a better world. The assumption is that conceptual history can both present the most appropriate interpretation of the quality of existence of affairs and opens horizon of future for intervening social affairs; in a way that the realm of the researcher’s action in a position of a theoretical actor is determined. Using descriptive and analytical method, this essay introduces conceptual history. This article seeks to comprehend and interpret conceptual history in the context of modern understanding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Murder and Typification of the forgiveness (A Case Study of Guilan)
Main purpose this research is “Typification of the forgiveness based on inductive strategy”. In this strategy, the interviewees perception about the forgivness by interpretivism approach have been investigated. This research has been with qualitative method and purp MoreMain purpose this research is “Typification of the forgiveness based on inductive strategy”. In this strategy, the interviewees perception about the forgivness by interpretivism approach have been investigated. This research has been with qualitative method and purposive sampling, and individual and group (Focus group) interviews. According to the logic of theoretical saturation, twenty seven individually and three group were interviewed. Then researcher analyzed interviews with method thematic analyze. Overall,the findings indicates that there are two general type of forgiveness.The first is self- oriented forgiveness and the second is other- oriented forgiveness . In the first part exist various species such as: Forgiveness oppositions, forgiveness supporters, replaced forgiveness and intent - oriented forgiveness. Other-oriented forgiveness can observe types three: forgivenes oppositions, reluctantly Forgiveness and intent-oriented forgiveness. People reacted to the murder of their close relatives to criminal calculate and assess the benefits of forgiveness and revenge, and then act.Based on the research findings the forgivness is time and space, because it depend to the position of the offender or the victim and the time between the crime and punishment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Checking the place of Intention in The Moral System of Allameh Tabatabaee and Michael Slote
zahra khazaie Maryam Larijani maryam sadat nabavi meybodiIntention as a mentally process have a important place in ethics. In order to analysis of the intention and checking in the role of its semantic, ontology and valorization in morality has been paid attention to two famous philosophy that’s mean Allameh Tabatabaee and M MoreIntention as a mentally process have a important place in ethics. In order to analysis of the intention and checking in the role of its semantic, ontology and valorization in morality has been paid attention to two famous philosophy that’s mean Allameh Tabatabaee and Michael Slote. So the role of intention in moral agent and action and its relation with character has been explored. At the end, similar approach understood regarding definition of the intention in both. But about the role of semantic, valorization and ontology of intention have been seen differences in morality. This suggests their difference in the content of their thought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The senses of citizenship obligation at criminal law of iran
Abbas Zera,at Meysam NematollahiCitizens as a part of society has rights that nowadays known as citizenship rights ,so that the citizens because of its presence and active role at making and management of society has obligation and duty ,so that in all of the public law area for citizen some duty has MoreCitizens as a part of society has rights that nowadays known as citizenship rights ,so that the citizens because of its presence and active role at making and management of society has obligation and duty ,so that in all of the public law area for citizen some duty has recognized ,but that which has the citizen at criminal law with due attention to sovereigntialitical nature of criminal law has dutes which does not acting citizens can use criminal sanctions. With review of criminal law can say that the citizen at criminal law as other area of public law has duty ,the duty to impeach the crime and to be witness and the duty to presence at court are some duty that can mention beside the knowledge of law and care of citizen health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on social adjustment, mental turmoil and self-rupturing among people with transgender sexual disorder
Parvin Hemmat Afza ferozeh sepehrian Esmaeil SoleymaniyanAim: Gender identity disorders (GID) are heterogeneous disorders that may be influenced by culture and social norms The purpose of the present research was to study the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on social adjustment, mental turmoil and sel MoreAim: Gender identity disorders (GID) are heterogeneous disorders that may be influenced by culture and social norms The purpose of the present research was to study the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on social adjustment, mental turmoil and self-rupturing among people with transgender sexual disorder, Materials and Method: this research was a semi-experimental. The sample of the research included 30 individuals with Transgender sexual disorder in well-being organization of north Khorasan, they were selected by available sampling and were placed randomly in experimental and control group randomly. Data were obtained by mental health questionnaire SCL-25, self-rupturing questionnaire of Sadegh-zade et al. (2006), and Bell social adjustment inventory (1961). Findings were analyzed by SPSS software and multi-variate covariance analysis test. Results: The results show that acceptance and commitment based therapy significantly promoted social adjustment and mental turmoil and also reduced self-rupturing among people with transgender sexual disorder (P<0.01). discussion: according to the findings of the research it can be said that utilizing new treatments in psychotherapy and counseling such as acceptance and commitment based therapy may be effective on improving mental state of people with transgender sexual disorder, so due to their special problems in Iran it is necessary to utilize such treatments for them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - A Comparative Study of the Stare's Ethical Responsibility Caused by Acts of Citizens in Iran and International Law
Doagu HosseinIn general, it is accepted as a principle that the damaging acts of persons are not attributable to the states. So not only states are not responsible for such actions, those who have committed them are held responsible. This is supported by the states doctrines and pra MoreIn general, it is accepted as a principle that the damaging acts of persons are not attributable to the states. So not only states are not responsible for such actions, those who have committed them are held responsible. This is supported by the states doctrines and practices as well as international legal procedures and decisions. The international responsibility of state with respect to the damage to other states and their subjects is limited to the acts of its own agents who are acting on behalf of it. However, there are certain circumstances if met the acts of persons can bring about responsibility for states. As stated in the article 8 of the international commission bill, the act of a person or a group of persons is regarded as the act of a state if it is done by the order or under control and guidance of the state. This demonstrates that the conditions of control and guidance are essential and if they are met action or inaction of a national can bring about responsibility for the respected state. The present dissertation studies the cases and forms of the responsibility of states for the acts of nationals within the realm of international and internal law. Furthermore, the actions that bring about responsibility for states are studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The Foundations of Hindu Ethics: The Karma Theory
Abolfazl MahmoodiThe quality of human life during this time of his life in this world and in the end is always influenced by your deeds and deeds and speeches. Karma means to act and the result of act that is influenced by human wants and instincts is seen in later life. By understandin MoreThe quality of human life during this time of his life in this world and in the end is always influenced by your deeds and deeds and speeches. Karma means to act and the result of act that is influenced by human wants and instincts is seen in later life. By understanding Karma, one can justify the present situation and prevent future births in the future. In order to get a good karma, you have to follow Dharma and gaining knowledge leads to the destruction of the karma. With the exception of Cārvāka, all Hindu systems agree more or less with Karma's theory. Everything is under the control of the Karmic law but this law is independent of divine will in sāṃkhya and Mīmāṃsā, and in the Buddhist and Jain religions, the gods are also influenced by the law of karma Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Sociological Explanation of the Relationship between Religious Capital and Moral Identity (Case Study of Isfahan City)
Sara Madanian Maghsoud FarasatkhahOne of the major concerns in human societies that has always been the focus of attention of humanities and social scientists, is the existence of a society with moral activists. According to the Stets' theory, moral identity guides behavior and therefor it is important MoreOne of the major concerns in human societies that has always been the focus of attention of humanities and social scientists, is the existence of a society with moral activists. According to the Stets' theory, moral identity guides behavior and therefor it is important to know the factors that affect it. Accordingly, the purpose of this article was to study the impact of the variable of religious capital on moral identity. To investigate this relationship, the required data were collected using a survey method and questionnaire and a sample of 546 citizens of Isfahan aged over 15 by Quota Sampling proportional to volume based on age, gender and region of residence. The findings of the study showed that the score of moral identity and its dimensions as well as religious capital is higher than the average. In addition, the variable of religious capital explains 29% of variance of moral identity variable. Therefore, it can be said that the variable of religious capital has a high level of explanation of variance of moral identity variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Value–Legal Analysis of Iran’s Governance Approach to Privatization
Aminallah Samadi Abolfazl Jafargholikhani Mohammad Reza YousefiThe term “privatization” has not been defined in our laws. Privatization is a complicated and vague concept featuring various political, social, economic and legal aspects and outcomes. Before and after the Islamic Revolution, our legislator’s approach has been towards MoreThe term “privatization” has not been defined in our laws. Privatization is a complicated and vague concept featuring various political, social, economic and legal aspects and outcomes. Before and after the Islamic Revolution, our legislator’s approach has been towards the domination of public and state ownership. But, a larger deal of attention was gradually paid to privatization due to numerous reasons such as domestic and foreign factors including the prevention of public and state sectors’ monopoly, stagnation of the society, downsizing of the government, valuing the private sector and entry to global trade and markets. The objective and distinct examples of such an approach is the Act 44 of the constitution and Islamic Republic of Iran’s first to sixth economic, social and cultural development plans. The most important objective of privatization has been enhancement of the entities’ efficiency and optimization of resource allocation in the majority of the countries. Valuing the privatization is in fact supplementing the state and public proprietorship. Such an overlap can remove the gaps and impediments and concomitantly put into effect all the national talents and competencies. The present study aims at elaboration of the adopted by value – legal analysis of Islamic Republic of Iran’s governance approach towards the process and concept of privatization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - A Study on the Truth of the Constituency in the Viewpoint of Plotinus
Mohammad dehghan tazereh mohammad reza shamshiriIntellectual and philosophical system of Plotinus in the universe is composed of three Ognum which is the most fundamental Ahad of Ognum. Plotinus thought is dependent on understanding Ahad of Ognum. He emphasizes Ahad's transcendence and Tzynh. And believes that Ahad i MoreIntellectual and philosophical system of Plotinus in the universe is composed of three Ognum which is the most fundamental Ahad of Ognum. Plotinus thought is dependent on understanding Ahad of Ognum. He emphasizes Ahad's transcendence and Tzynh. And believes that Ahad is Top of existence. The existence result is an overflow of Ahad. There is not the will of the Creator in creation. In this article we have tried to explain the truth of Ahad and Top of existence from the perspective of Plotinus. Determine Top of the existence of Ahad of the Existence of Ahad better explanation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The "Bestowal Theology(2)"; The Implications of the Principle of "Bestowal" in divine Attributes and acts
hasan Mohamadi ahmad abadi saeed motaqi farThe principle of "the Donor of a thing must already have it" used in Two Manners for Proving of divine attributes. In one application used for proving of Absolute perfection Attributes and in another used for proving each of the perfection attributes Including All kinds MoreThe principle of "the Donor of a thing must already have it" used in Two Manners for Proving of divine attributes. In one application used for proving of Absolute perfection Attributes and in another used for proving each of the perfection attributes Including All kinds of Divine knowledge like essential and intuition Knowledge, Knowledge to other one Before Creating, Knowledge to other one after creation, Active Knowledge and intuition Knowledge To another. As it is used in Proving of Attributes like Divine Power, Life, Will, necessity, goodness, righteousness, Simplicity, richness and ownership. This Principle also used for Proving of Basic Statements Related to divine acts Including The principle of "One", Extending existence ,the worlds of Existence, The invention of the universe and the Perfection of creation. This text, By proving the influence of this rule in most important issues of Islamic theology, justified Islamic theology as a "Bestowal theology ". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The perfect man is the face of God
Mohammad Javad RudgarKnowledge of the perfect human being, both theoretically-scientifically and practically-behaviorally, is of special importance in the knowledge of God Almighty and the spiritual life and geometry of good life, and whenever we trace this truth in revelatory teachings and MoreKnowledge of the perfect human being, both theoretically-scientifically and practically-behaviorally, is of special importance in the knowledge of God Almighty and the spiritual life and geometry of good life, and whenever we trace this truth in revelatory teachings and religious teachings, it becomes important and then necessary. His efficiency in regulating a reasonable and heavenly life will be doubled. In fact, perfectionism is a kind of theology and the term perfect human being, the term of mysticism in religious texts, has been interpreted with titles such as: Caliph of God, Hajjah, Prophet, Messenger, Imam and Guardian. And one of the deep and pleasant interpretations in the book and Sunnah is "the face of God" which corresponds to the being and is the manifestation of the Almighty, and the complete and concise manifestations of the manifestations of the Almighty will be the perfect man and the saints of God. Now the question is what is a perfect perfect human being and who are the faces of God? In the tradition of the Qur'an and mysticism, who are the concept and example of the face of God? The present article will be responsible for answering the above-mentioned questions (which are collectively a question) with a narrative-rational method and analytical approach, and its output is the possibility of knowing God in the level of action or attributes of action, which in Qur'anic verses Titles such as "Allah", "Noor", "Face of God" and the like have been mentioned and the perfect man is the verse of the Almighty and the face of God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Structural Modeling of Dimensions of Technology Management Activities and Organizational Effectiveness
Reza Ansari aliakbar aubedi javad ShahmohammadiOrganizational effectiveness is crucial for the success of any economy and in order to increase achievement and retention of business results, organizations need to implement strategies that guarantee the success. Technology capabilities in terms of technology managemen MoreOrganizational effectiveness is crucial for the success of any economy and in order to increase achievement and retention of business results, organizations need to implement strategies that guarantee the success. Technology capabilities in terms of technology management activities, including strategies that can guarantee the success and also, the purpose of this study which investigated the effect of TMA on organizational effectiveness is a structural equation modeling approach. The research is applied and the method of data collection is descriptive-survey. In order to test the research model, a researcher made questionnaire was used and reliability of the questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha was calculated to be as %83. The population samples were chosen from managers and supervisors in Isfahan Oil Refining Company in 2013. The results showed that the TMA such as technology identification, acquisition, exploitation, protection and selection have a significant and positive effect on organizational effectiveness, while no significant effect was obtained for technology learning on organizational effectiveness. Therefore, in this study TMA usage is recommended as stimulus the advancement and competitiveness of enterprises in the global arena. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The Role of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in the Development of Economic Activities in Malaysia
Saeed KiyanPour Roya TolaeiIn The world's most developed countries, policies to support small and medium enterprises in order to increase growth, income generating employment and reducing poverty in the forefront of economic or social - are governments’ important priorities. Essential characteris MoreIn The world's most developed countries, policies to support small and medium enterprises in order to increase growth, income generating employment and reducing poverty in the forefront of economic or social - are governments’ important priorities. Essential characteristics of small and medium enterprises, including flexibility in face with market changes, rapid attainment of the activities, initiatives and high motivation of staffs and limited initial capital requirements, have caused growth, innovation and economic dynamism in transition economies of the firms. This study aimed to identify small and medium sized manufacturing firms with rapid growth, and determine their contribution to the Malaysian economy. Malaysia's Vision 2020 has planned development policies through enterprise and small business enhancement. These companies play a significant role in the economic breakthrough of Malaysia. These companies have allocated 93.8% of the operating companies in the industrial sector, 27.3% of total manufacturing production, 25.8% of value-added in production, 27.6% of the fixed assets and 38.9% of the employees of the country. Evidences suggest that these companies have major contribution in national economic development in Malaysia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Factors Affecting Women Entrepreneurship in Business
Ayatollah Momayezz Seyed Atefe Ghasemi Seyed fatemeh GhasemiEntrepreneurship is one of the fundamental measures of development in each country, thus, it is considered as the engine of economic development in countries. Experiences of countries enjoying high growth of gross domestic income (GDI) indicate that leaders and managers MoreEntrepreneurship is one of the fundamental measures of development in each country, thus, it is considered as the engine of economic development in countries. Experiences of countries enjoying high growth of gross domestic income (GDI) indicate that leaders and managers in these countries have realized the importance of entrepreneurship in countries development. Since women represent a large part of the population, entrepreneurship of this segment of society has a particular importance. Therefore, the measurement of women's participation in production is one of the important indicators to evaluate the progress of development in each country. Statistics shows that less than 10 percent of Iranian entrepreneurs are women. The aim of this study was to investigate factors that play a role in the development of women entrepreneurship. The research was based on questionnaire and interview and to ensure the reliability, the questionnaire was tested using Cronbach's alpha being valued for validity by views of scholars and professors. Statistical tests were utilized for data analysis and presentation. The results show despite holding dual roles of working women, they have positive feelings towards their activities. At the end recommendations and suggestion for the development of women's entrepreneurial activities are discussed in order to manifest the most important cultural change in society's attitude towards women's empowerment in economic activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Identifying the Key Actors of Innovation Ecosystem in Downstream Petrochemical Industry of Iran
akbar mohammadi mahdi sadaghiani milad yadollahi amir albadviNowadays, considering the speed of technological progress and increasing attention to innovation as drivers of economic development, Attention to the design and development of innovation ecosystems more than ever is growing. Innovation ecosystems develop and evolve on t MoreNowadays, considering the speed of technological progress and increasing attention to innovation as drivers of economic development, Attention to the design and development of innovation ecosystems more than ever is growing. Innovation ecosystems develop and evolve on the subject of technology, sector or industry as a network and strategically in order to create entrepreneurial activities. One of the most important steps on the path of design of innovation ecosystems is search, identify, select and deployment of key actors in the innovation ecosystems. This study is an applied research with qualitative approach using multiple case study that was carried out to identify the key actors in the design of petrochemical downstream industry innovation ecosystem. The findings show that six actors will play key role in the development of petrochemical downstream industry innovation ecosystem that include orchestrator, Accelerators, Human and physical infrastructure suppliers, venture capital, lead users and lead experts, Which respectively are business development holding as a orchestrator, NECO industry management as an accelerator, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Petrochemical Research and Technology Company (NPC-RT), research institute of petroleum industry, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, and Department of Chemical Engineering in Sharif, Amir Kabir and Tehran universities as suppliers of Human and physical infrastructures, Innovation and Development Fund as a venture capital, public relations unit of National Petrochemical Company and Companies with demo plant as lead users, knowledge based companies as lead experts in Iranian petrochemical downstream industry innovation ecosystem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Identification and Evaluation of Effective Factors of Technology Transfer Using Fuzzy AHP Method (case study: Esfahan’s Mobarakeh Steel Company)
Mohammad bagheri pebdeni sayyed mohammad reza davoodiIn developed countries, technology transfer may be one of the solutions for the improvement or growth of economic or industrial sectors. However, the success of technology transfer significantly depends on the appropriate choice of technology from the appropriate resour MoreIn developed countries, technology transfer may be one of the solutions for the improvement or growth of economic or industrial sectors. However, the success of technology transfer significantly depends on the appropriate choice of technology from the appropriate resources.The aim of this study is to identify and evaluate the effective factors of technology transfer using fuzzy AHP method. Technology transfer can be helpful for this organization in market share and increasing return through innovation of products and better execution of processes, methods of increasing productivity and effectiveness, and this is beneficial to small and normal company’s with limited resources and sizes. In this paper, after reviewing the literature and using expert’s opinion, 24 effective factors is identified which are in 5 categories which includes is: relatively advantageous in financial conditions, advantage marketing and related forces, technical characteristics, juridical and supervision considerations and issues of directorial and guideline. Furthermore, fuzzy AHP method is used to rank the dimensions and structures of these effective factors. Due to the results, the most important criterion in the field of technology transfer of Esfahan’s mobarakeh steel company (MSC) and international organizations of subclasses of the main indicator is juridical and supervision considerations,of foreign investment and based on this the technical use and financing from international organizations and cooperative organizations that have laws about cooperation for improving the environment have an important role in technology transfer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Analyzing the Ways of Cooperation Between Startups and Large Companies
mojtaba nahid mohamad hasan moghadesiInnovation is a necessary requirement for companies to gain and maintain competitive advantage. This is largely due to the rapid development of technologies. In order to survive in the competitive environment, large companies should also strive for innovation in differe MoreInnovation is a necessary requirement for companies to gain and maintain competitive advantage. This is largely due to the rapid development of technologies. In order to survive in the competitive environment, large companies should also strive for innovation in different parts of their organization. Therefore, the issue of adaptability is particularly important in introducing the innovation model. It can be assumed that inter-company collaboration is increasingly important at different stages of business development and that large corporations are willing to engage with startups. This interaction allows start-ups to overcome the problems that emerge in the early stages of business development, and on the other hand, the influx of innovation for large corporations increases the competitive advantage against their rivals, to gain more market share. The purpose of this article is to analyze the methods of collaboration between large corporations and start-ups, especially to examine the needs of innovation in the economy. This partnership can take many forms, and this article reviews the different types of partnerships between large corporations and startups that relate to business acceleration activities, co-creation, co-branding, acquisition, acqui-hiring and open innovation. Finally, by examining each of these methods of cooperation, we conclude that cooperation in any way can be beneficial to both parties and there are important points that must be considered before and during the cooperation process, so that both companies can ultimately benefit from the relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Examining the Influencing Factors on Online Travel Purchase Intention, Using Technology Acceptance Model Extension
seyed mehdi mirmehdi Danial MolaeiOnline travel shopping has become attractive for researchers. In our country, online travel shopping is thriving and researchers try to recognize customers’ behavior in online context and factors that impact on their behavior. Companies and organizations recognize custo MoreOnline travel shopping has become attractive for researchers. In our country, online travel shopping is thriving and researchers try to recognize customers’ behavior in online context and factors that impact on their behavior. Companies and organizations recognize customers’ behavior and effecting factors to find their strength and weaknesses in marketing and find customers’ demands; this subsequently leads to customer loyalty and an increase in their profit. Previous researches largely concentrated on Davis’s technology acceptance model, theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behavior. In this research by using technology acceptance model, 10 hypotheses were tested to analyze their impact on online travel purchase. In this descriptive – survey research, a questionnaire consists of 35 questions distributed online. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts’ comments and reliability was confirmed using Cronbach alpha. A sample of 250 were analyzed and the results indicate attitude, perceived usefulness, trust, and price have a meaningful relationship with online purchase intention. Secondly, perceived usefulness and trust have impact on attitude about online travel purchase. Separately perceived ease of use showed no significant relationship with attitude and online travel purchase. Results on perceived privacy suggest that it has a meaningful relationship with trust in online travel purchase, contrarily it has no significant impact on online travel purchase intention. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - The Effect of Metacognition Processing on Brain Regional Activity with Regard to Anxiety and Impulsivity
Mahnaz Shahgholian Parviz Azadfallah Ali Fathi-AshtianiThe aim of study was to examine the brain regional activity based on anxiety and impulsivity during meta-cognitive processing. Six hundred female students in Tarbiat Modares University completed the Meta-cognition Questionnaire, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire and Rev MoreThe aim of study was to examine the brain regional activity based on anxiety and impulsivity during meta-cognitive processing. Six hundred female students in Tarbiat Modares University completed the Meta-cognition Questionnaire, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire and Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. According to scores in extraversion and neuroticism dimensions, 4 groups including Anx+, Anx-, Imp+ and Imp- (each group 15 subjects) were selected. EEG was recorded during 4 conditions including rest, performing the Stroop, performing the Wisconsin and performing the Attention Training Technique. The results showed that meta-cognitive processing in Anx- was better than Anx+. Better quality of meta-cognitive processing in Imp- than Imp+ was not shown. Other findings suggested that when meta-cognitive processing, Anx+ was higher than Anx- in the activity of right pre-frontal and frontal of both hemispheres, also Imp+ was higher in the activity of pre-frontal and frontal of both hemispheres than Imp-. In general, this study highlighted the role of executive functions in meta-cognitive processing, discusses the relationship among meta-cognitive processing, anxiety, impulsivity and brain regional activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Conceptualization of Students’ Academic Passion in Mathematic based on Qualitative Study of Foundation Data
Mahsa Saleh Najafi Elahe Hejazi Parvin Kadivar Masoud Gholamali LavasaniThe purpose of present study was to investigate the concept of academic passion in math among adolescence. Therefore, this investigation attempts to study conceptualization of academic passion in math from the perspective of adolescents with a qualitative method, interv MoreThe purpose of present study was to investigate the concept of academic passion in math among adolescence. Therefore, this investigation attempts to study conceptualization of academic passion in math from the perspective of adolescents with a qualitative method, interviews with focus group, and grounded theory approach. Participants in this study were 51 adolescents (24 girls and 27 boys).Three focus group were composed in female student’s school, and four groups were constituted in male student’s schools. The results regarding student’s academic passion in math were categorized in four categories of “intent to engage in the activity”, “positive emotions”, “future perspective and identification with activity” and “need for cognition”. Also the results were related to factors affecting academic passion in math categorized in three categories of “family”,“teacher” and “individual features” and finally results were related to consequences of academic passion in math categorized in 5 group “resiliency”, “hope”, “information processing styles”, “self-efficacy”, “subjective well- being”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Phenomenological Analysis of Students’ Perception of Teacher’s Effective Features and Actions in Teacher-Student Relationship
Narjes Lari Elahe Hejazi Bahram Joukar Javad EjeiThis study aims to analyze students’ perceptions of the characteristics and actions of elementary school teachers that affects student teacher relationship. A qualitative phenomenological approach was used to achieve deep description of these characteristics. Semi-struc MoreThis study aims to analyze students’ perceptions of the characteristics and actions of elementary school teachers that affects student teacher relationship. A qualitative phenomenological approach was used to achieve deep description of these characteristics. Semi-structured interviews, in oral and written format, were conducted with 99 primary school students studying in second to sixth grade (66 girls and 33 boys) who were selected from elementary schools in Shiraz. According to the findings of this study, autonomy support against control, competence, mastery goal support, care, engagement, mutual trust, and support for the class structure are the main themes of the teacher characteristics and functions that affect student teacher relationship. Implication of the findings in interventional plans for teacher-student interaction improvement is discussed in the end. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Explaining Mindfulness based on emotional regulation and Activity of Behavioral Inhibition / Activation Systems in university Students.
ali nozari Mehran Farhadi Mosayeb Yarmohamadi VaselMindfulness is a construct that is Orioginated from the Buddhist texts and Which improves the attention and aware consciousness. It is explained in psychological researches and is integrated in format of different psychological approches Which improves the attention and MoreMindfulness is a construct that is Orioginated from the Buddhist texts and Which improves the attention and aware consciousness. It is explained in psychological researches and is integrated in format of different psychological approches Which improves the attention and aware consciousness. It is explained in psychological researches and is integrated in format of different psychological approches. as a Mental state, Mindfulness is experienced as a promoted awareness/consciousness toward the present moment, regardless of judgment, reactivity and identification with experience. This structure has been defined in psychological research, and has been integrated into various therapeutic approaches. The present study aimed to explain the mindfulness with due attention to emotion regulation and Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems among university students. The statistical population of this study is all university students of Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamadan in the academic year 2019-2018. 373 subjects were selected by Convenience sampling method sampling method. Students completed Fariburg mindfulness questionnaire, Caro & White behavioral inhibition / activation systems questionnaire, and Gross & John Emotion regulation Strategies Questionnaire. Pearson correlation and Structural equation modeling were used for data analysis were used To analyze the data. The results showed that behavioral inhibition system has a direct negative effect on Mindfulness(P<0/01). The behavioral activation system has a direct positive effect on mindfulness(P <0.01). Reassessment of excitement has a direct positive effect on mindfulness (P <0.01). Emotional suppression has a direct negative effect on Mindfulness. (P <0/01). According to the findings, it can be concluded that behavioral activation inhibitory system and re-evaluation and Emotional suppression are variables that determine levels of mindfulness. The proposed model has a good fit with the data Manuscript profile -
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50 - Examining the structural relationships of behavioral activation system and behavioral inhibition system with externalizing and internalizing problems: the mediating role of hot and cool executive functions
Morteza Poursadegh maryam moghadasin Jafar HasaniThe aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between internalizing/externalizing problems and behavioral activation/inhibition systems with regard to the mediating role of hot and cool executive functions. The method of the present study is structural eq MoreThe aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between internalizing/externalizing problems and behavioral activation/inhibition systems with regard to the mediating role of hot and cool executive functions. The method of the present study is structural equation modeling (SEM). Statistical population of this research was all of the students in universities of Tehran city, from which 160 subjects (18 to 25 years) were chosen using convenience sampling method. Assessment was conducted by 5 cognitive tests including Corsi blocks test, Flanker test, WCST, Iowa gambling task and Emotional stroop, and 3 questionnaires including Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSSRQ), Behavior Assessment System for Children College self-report form (BASC-3 COL), and Kirby delay discounting questionnaire. The results indicated a direct and statistically significant path from behavioral activation/inhibition systems to hot and cool executive functions (b = 0/71, p value < 0/05) internalizing problems (b = 0/033, p value < 0/05) and externalizing problems (b = -0/21, p value < 0/05). In addition, results showed an indirect and statistically significant path from behavioral activation/inhibition systems to internalizing problems (b = 0/84, p value < 0/05) and externalizing problems (b = 0/46, p value < 0/05). Statistically significant relationship between behavioral activation/inhibition systems with internalizing and externalizing problems, suggests that dysregulation of these two systems can lead to an array of psychiatric symptoms. Moreover, the significance of the mediating role of hot and cool executive functions in relationship between behavioral activation/inhibition systems and internalizing/externalizing problems, indicates that executive functions might have a regulatory influence on the behavioral activation/inhibition systems and through this regulatory influence, executive functions may buffer the adverse effects of behavioral activation/inhibition dysregulation on psychological problems. According to the possibility of enhancing executive functioning abilities through cognitive interventions, and diagnostic applications of the different behavioral activation/inhibition and executive functioning activity profiles, results of this study have both diagnostic and clinical importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Explain the Mindfulness Based on Emotion Regulation and Behavioral Inhibition-Activation Systems in University Students
Ali Nozari Mehran Farhadi Mosayeb Yarmohamadi-VaselThe present study aimed to explain the mindfulness with due attention to emotion regulation and Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems among university students. The statistical population of this study is all university students of Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamadan i MoreThe present study aimed to explain the mindfulness with due attention to emotion regulation and Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems among university students. The statistical population of this study is all university students of Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamadan in the academic year 2018-2019. 373 subjects were selected by Convenience sampling method sampling method. Students completed Fariburg mindfulness questionnaire, Caro & White behavioral inhibition/ activation systems questionnaire, and Gross & John Emotion regulation Strategies Questionnaire. Pearson correlation and Structural equation modeling were used for data analysis were used To analyze the data. The results showed that behavioral inhibition system has a direct negative effect on Mindfulness (P<0/01). The behavioral activation system has a direct positive effect on mindfulness(P <0/01). Reassessment of excitement has a direct positive effect on mindfulness (P <0/01). Emotional suppression has a direct negative effect on Mindfulness. (P <0/01). According to the findings, it can be concluded that behavioral activation inhibitory system and re-evaluation and Emotional suppression are variables that determine levels of mindfulness. The proposed model has a good fit with the data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - An Analysis of Contextualism and its Consequences in Richard Paul’s Theory of “Fair-minded Critical Thinking”
Zahra Ommi Ghasem PourhasanRichard Paul is a renowned thinker in the field of critical thinking who believes in the implementation of critical thinking in human decisions and actions. By analyzing reasoning and thinking, he found certain ideas that turned out to be significant in analyzing thinki MoreRichard Paul is a renowned thinker in the field of critical thinking who believes in the implementation of critical thinking in human decisions and actions. By analyzing reasoning and thinking, he found certain ideas that turned out to be significant in analyzing thinking. Here his contextualism is blatant which along with foundationalism and coherenticism seem to be a kind of reaction to skepticism. From this perspective, in epistemology, there is a turn towards social contexts. In this way, contextualism enjoys certain contextual elements such as actions, social relations, culture, and other human situations in justifying a belief or vice versa. Context, in this sense, can formulate Paul’s inclination towards textulism, pluralism, and relativism. The main objective of the present work is to explore the consequences of Richard Paul’s theory. Resolving the problem of contextualism by critical thinking is one of the Paul’s innovations that so far has remained unnoticed. So universal attention towards his ideas made this research necessary for analyzing his views. According to this research, Paul has succeeded to follow a moderate method that contains in itself certain universal standards which at the same time attended to context. Consequently, in his fair-minded critical thinking, Paul has sought to be saved from falling into reductionism, and in this way he has succeeded to reduce the consequences of contextualism. Manuscript profile -
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53 - A Comparison of two Types of Autonomous and Revelation-Based Rationalism in Abu Hatam Razi and Muhammad Ibn Zakariyya Razi’s Debate
Ahad Faramarz Qaramaleki ‘Abas Ali MansoryThe studies on the development of the rationalist trend in the world of Islam usually discuss the challenges of rationalist groups with exoteric groups, including Ash‘ari mutikallimun and Sufists rather than compare or analyze the trends defending reason. Among such tre MoreThe studies on the development of the rationalist trend in the world of Islam usually discuss the challenges of rationalist groups with exoteric groups, including Ash‘ari mutikallimun and Sufists rather than compare or analyze the trends defending reason. Among such trends, the two autonomous and revelation-based rationalist groups play more influential roles. The reason is that it is in the dialog between these two groups that the mutual dependence of reason and religion on each other is revealed. Here, the dialog moves away from a sectarian debate and comes closer to real conversations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the favorable and unfavorable ideas of Abu Hatam Razi, Ahmad Ibn Hamdan (d. 322 AH), and Muhammad Ibn Zakariyya Razi (d. 313 AH) regarding two kinds of rationalism, namely, autonomous and revelation-based, in the third and fourth centuries, respectively. This period is of great importance in the history of Islamic philosophy because during which different philosophical debates and schools emerged and various theories and boundaries were developed. Reducing the difference of the rationalism of Abu Hatam and Muhammad Ibn Zakariyya Razi to their belief or disbelief in the necessity of prophethood is the outcome of an extremely superficial comparison which does not explain the components and nature of their rationalism. The present paper aims to inquire into the main roots of this difference and provide a clear picture of their rationalistic methods and epistemological systems. Manuscript profile -
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54 - The Relationship between Weakness of Will and Ethical Life in Aristotle: A Glance at Socrates’ View and Aristotle’s Critique of Weakness of Will
Simin Kheirabadi Ali Akbar Abdol Abadi“Weakness of will” is one of the fundamental concepts in Aristotle’s ethics, a thorough understanding of which requires an understanding of its meaning and use in his views. In this paper, following a descriptive-analytic method, the authors initially refer to the lexic More“Weakness of will” is one of the fundamental concepts in Aristotle’s ethics, a thorough understanding of which requires an understanding of its meaning and use in his views. In this paper, following a descriptive-analytic method, the authors initially refer to the lexical roots of the expression of “weakness of will” in Greek and, then, try to explain Socrates’ idea of weakness of will and Aristotle’s critique of this view. Next, given some of the referents of the concept of weakness of will in Aristotle’s Nichomachean Ethics, they seek to demonstrate why human beings sometimes act against their ethical knowledge. Later they provide Aristotle’s analysis of the phenomenon of weakness of will as one of the obstacles to living an ethical life and argue that sometimes it stands in contrast to rationality. As a result, while being aware that something is ethically wrong or right, an individual, under the influence of their misplaced desires, might act unethically or cease to act ethically. In Aristotle’s view, a necessary condition for the rationality of ethical necessity is for human beings to benefit from “practical wisdom”. He also believes that if the intellect leads the other human faculties at the level of act, individuals will certainly choose and do the right thing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - God’s Will in Ṭūsī, Mullā Ṣadrā, and ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī
Armin Mansouri Ali AlahbedashtiThe howness of God’s Will is one of the problems that has provoked a lot of discussion in the field of theology. Although all philosophers have accepted God’s Will as a Divine Attribute, there are several disagreements in its interpretation. The purpose of this paper is MoreThe howness of God’s Will is one of the problems that has provoked a lot of discussion in the field of theology. Although all philosophers have accepted God’s Will as a Divine Attribute, there are several disagreements in its interpretation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate, compare, and evaluate the views of Khwājah Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī, Mullā Ṣadrā, and ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī in terms of the semantics, origin, and ontology of God’s Will. Ṭūsī maintains that will is the same as motive, which is the same as knowledge of the goodness of act, and thus believes in God’s essential will as an essential attribute. Mullā Ṣadrā also adds the sameness of love with will to the sameness of the knowledge of goodness of act with act and introduces will as an essential attribute. Moreover, he justifies the Infallible Imam’s narrations regarding the sameness of will with act by changing its meaning from having the intention to perform an act to the making and changing of its level from essence to the level of actual existents. However, ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī views the identity of free will with the knowledge of the best system as a verbal conflict and a merely different denomination. He disagrees with equating free will with any essential attribute (such as love) other than knowledge. Thus he maintains that free will is not an essential attribute but is, rather, abstracted from the level of act and is one of its attributes. He also introduces the essence of an act that occurs in the outside or the presence of perfect cause for the act as its source of abstraction. It seems that ٬Allāmah’s change of ontological view of free will and considering it an actual attribute in justifying rational constraints are more accurate than regarding it as an essential attribute without paying attention to the conceptual difference between free will and knowledge and love, which has been propounded by Ṭūsī and Mullā Ṣadrā. Manuscript profile -
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56 - Essential Possibility and Potential Possibility in Mulla Sadra and ‘Allamah Tabataba’i
Mohammad Saeedimehr Seyyed Shahriyar Kamali SabziwariMulla Sadra, initially, considers essential and potential possibilities to be homonyms but, finally, he accepts their polysemous relationship and maintains that both of them are of the type of secondary philosophical intelligibles, which exist through the existence of t MoreMulla Sadra, initially, considers essential and potential possibilities to be homonyms but, finally, he accepts their polysemous relationship and maintains that both of them are of the type of secondary philosophical intelligibles, which exist through the existence of their origin. In the discussion of potency and act in al-Asfar, he goes even further and considers potential possibility to be of the type of the secondary philosophical intelligibles which are abstracted from existence in the other and external relation. However, his response to the question (the relation existing through non-being) is not convincing and raises some doubts. While accepting the existence of potential possibility through existence in the other and relation, and providing a correct explanation of the quality of this relation in the outside, ‘Allamah Tabataba’i gives an appropriate response to the above question. In this way he presents his innovative argument regarding moving from potency to act. Manuscript profile -
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57 - Manifestation of Sadrian Philosophy in Islamic Architecture
Behrooz ‘Avazpoor Bahman Namvar Motlagh Saina Mohammadi KhabazanMulla Sadra’s philosophical thoughts profoundly influenced the development of art, in general, and the architecture of his time, in particular. Therefore, it seems necessary to carefully examine and discuss his ideas and theories in this regard in order to have a better MoreMulla Sadra’s philosophical thoughts profoundly influenced the development of art, in general, and the architecture of his time, in particular. Therefore, it seems necessary to carefully examine and discuss his ideas and theories in this regard in order to have a better and more accurate understanding of the art and architecture of that period. Since the concept of imagination plays a basic role in the definition of Islamic art from the point of view of Mulla Sadra and other Islamic philosophers and gnostics, in this paper the writers firstly deal with a part of his philosophy that explains this concept. Following this, they will refer to the role and place of imagination in art works in their general sense and explore the actualization of such works in the field of architecture, particularly, those of the Safavid era. Imagination plays such a central role in this discussion that one can define Islamic art in its general sense as the manifestation of an intelligible matter in a sensible one through active imagination. Manuscript profile -
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58 - A Comparative Study of Ibn Sina’s and Mulla Sadra’s Philosophical Principles of Intermediary Development Based on Religious Texts
Seyyed Sadra al-Din Taheri امينه احمديIn religious sources, based on the logic of revelation, the development of the soul in the intermediate world is certain and impeccable. However, the quality of intermediary development and its probable inconsistency certain philosophical principles, such as the necessi MoreIn religious sources, based on the logic of revelation, the development of the soul in the intermediate world is certain and impeccable. However, the quality of intermediary development and its probable inconsistency certain philosophical principles, such as the necessity for any kind of development to be preceded by potency and motion and allocating them to matter, makes it necessary for this kind of development to be only possible based on religious (Shar‘i) principles. In other words, philosophers might not be able to demonstrate the possibility of the souls’ intermediary development on the basis of rational principles. In this paper, the writers initially examine the traditional proofs for intermediary development based on religious texts and then investigate it in the light of the fundamental principles proposed by two prominent Islamic philosophers, Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra. After a comparative study of their views, the writers conclude that intermediary development is impossible based on both philosophers’ principles regarding motion. However, they also argue that, given Mulla Sadra’s view of the Ideal immateriality of the soul and his belief in the Ideal Otherworldly body, there is a more appropriate, but not sufficient, context for the posthumous development of the body. Manuscript profile -
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59 - Origin of Fundamental Conflicts Concerning the Final Cause
Yaser Taherrahimi Musa MalayeriThe supreme place of the issue of the final cause is no secret to the people of thought. This topic is so important that some great figures, such as Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra, have considered it as the most important component of wisdom. At the same time, there are some MoreThe supreme place of the issue of the final cause is no secret to the people of thought. This topic is so important that some great figures, such as Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra, have considered it as the most important component of wisdom. At the same time, there are some salient differences in this regard among its advocates and opponents. In Islamic philosophy, the problem of final cause has been mainly tackled by responding to the advanced criticisms while, in contemporary Western philosophy, the discussion of this topic is considered to be unimportant and superfluous. Rarely ever have either Islamic or Aristotelian philosophers dealt with the fundamental reasons and roots of the confirmation or rejection of the final cause; however, no consensus will be arrived at regarding superstructures without first analyzing the basic ideas. Here, through an analytic study of the conceptual and assertoric bases of the final cause, the authors have tried to investigate and evaluate the main roots of the conflicts over this problem in order to facilitate the judgment of superstructures. In doing so, they have focused on such concepts as the relationship between efficient and final causes, origin of motion, potency and predisposition, and essentialism and archetype. Manuscript profile -
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60 - Ontological Analysis of the Problem of Weakness of Will in Transcendent Philosophy
Akbar pour Marzieh Hassan Moradi mahmoud saidiThis paper focuses on the weakness of will or the distance between theory and practice. Thus it tries to explore the quality of the ontological analysis of this problem based on the theory of the graded unity of being. In a quiddative analysis, the principles of willful MoreThis paper focuses on the weakness of will or the distance between theory and practice. Thus it tries to explore the quality of the ontological analysis of this problem based on the theory of the graded unity of being. In a quiddative analysis, the principles of willful act enjoy causal and temporal sequence; however, in an ontological analysis, they are the levels of the single truth of being. Accordingly, knowledge and act are the different aspects of a single truth which, upon being originated in essence, is called knowledge at one stage and will or desire at another stage. As a result, knowledge and voluntary act are two ends of the same continuum which has a single root in human essence; a root of the type of love and bliss. In a quiddative approach, weakness of will is rooted in the weakness of the components of the causal chain preceding it, such as the concept of act and affirmation of its advantages. Nevertheless, in an ontological approach, the weakness of voluntary act is directly related to Man’s ontological weakness and the weakness of the knowledge which is commensurate with it. The ontological view differs from the quiddative view in that it does not consider voluntary act to be at the end of a chain of basic principles in separation from knowledge. Rather, it views act as one of the manifestations of an ontological truth which is commensurate with knowledge. Manuscript profile -
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61 - Clarification of Man’s Voluntary Act Based on an Explanation of Supplication (An Analysis of the Views of Ibn Sina, Mulla Sadra, and ‘Allamah Tabataba’i on Supplication)
Roohallah Daraei Tuba KermaniToday the whatness of Man’s voluntary act, its explanation, and the range of their free will in the world of being is studied under the topic of “philosophy of act”. Muslim philosophers have presented some noteworthy innovations and solutions in this realm as well. In t MoreToday the whatness of Man’s voluntary act, its explanation, and the range of their free will in the world of being is studied under the topic of “philosophy of act”. Muslim philosophers have presented some noteworthy innovations and solutions in this realm as well. In this tradition, supplication as a voluntary act is explored from two general aspects in both kalam and philosophy: its relationship with the Divine Will and its relationship with the necessity of the causal system. It was Ibn Sina who, for the first time, portrayed a framework for the problems related to this theme. However, some of his succeeding philosophers, such as Mir Damad, Mulla Sadra, Sabziwari, and ‘Allamah Tabataba’i, also made great contributions to the explanation and expansion of the realm of supplication through presenting a number of arguments and discussions. In this paper, the authors have examined the problem of supplication from the viewpoints of Ibn Sina, Mulla Sadra, and ‘Allamah Tabataba’i. A comparison of their views reveals that Ibn Sina has explained the problem of supplication within the causal system. He believes that each and every event is natural or voluntary at the level of affirmation, and natural, voluntary, or accidental at the level of demonstration. Accordingly, the difference between the “reason” and “cause” returns to the difference between the levels of affirmation and demonstration, and one cannot consider the reason and justification independent from the cause or clarification. While accepting the framework of Ibn Sina’s theory and considering supplication to be effective in the causal system, Mulla Sadra disagrees with him in certain respects. His explanation indicates that he considers a greater effect and range for the human voluntary act. Through believing in the gradation of existence, he advances two objections to Ibn Sina’s theory. When explaining the problem of supplication, Mulla Sadra refers to the gradation and union of the intellect and the intelligible; however, it is ‘Allamah Tabataba’i who provides a configuration for the expansion of the theory of the union of the intellect and intelligible when clarifying the concept of supplication, that is, explaining the relationship between the free will, the object of will, the will and, in the same vein, the relationship between the act, the agent, and the product. Through expanding Mulla Sadra’s view, ‘Allamah provides a more accurate explanation for supplication. Nevertheless, his view has been the target of criticism by some authorities. Manuscript profile -
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62 - Mullā Ṣadrā and the Problem of the Measure of Actions in the Hereafter
Aireza AsadiWeighing one’s actions in the hereafter is a definite matter and one of the important stages of auditing them based on the Qur’anic verses and the several traditions which have been quoted from Infallible Imāms (‘a). What has created multiple disputes regarding the prob MoreWeighing one’s actions in the hereafter is a definite matter and one of the important stages of auditing them based on the Qur’anic verses and the several traditions which have been quoted from Infallible Imāms (‘a). What has created multiple disputes regarding the problem of criterion includes the quality of measuring actions, the truth of having a criterion in the hereafter, and some other details which have been mentioned in the Holy Qur’ān and some traditions. As a philosopher and commentator of the Holy Qur’ān, Mullā Ṣadrā has tried to clarify this theorem based on his own rational principles and relying on Qur’anic verses and traditions. Following a descriptive-analytic method, while explaining Mullā Ṣadrā’s views of the truth and nature of the measure, the criterion for knowledge, the criterion for actions, and the weight of actions, this paper undertakes to evaluate them in terms of their consistency with Qur’anic verses. Manuscript profile -
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63 - Place of Act in Man’s Existence in Mullā Ṣadrā
Fateme Soleimani DarrebaghiOne of the important problems in the field of anthropology is the place of “act” in Man’s existence and its role in attaining perfection. In Mullā Ṣadrā’s view, when a person performs an act, its truth is developed inside their soul so that thoughts and beliefs function MoreOne of the important problems in the field of anthropology is the place of “act” in Man’s existence and its role in attaining perfection. In Mullā Ṣadrā’s view, when a person performs an act, its truth is developed inside their soul so that thoughts and beliefs function as origins of different tendencies and feelings in human beings. Therefore, external acts are manifestations of human thoughts, intentions, feelings, and tendencies; they do not directly affect the formation of the truth of human beings but only function as the manifestation of the truth of the human soul. In this way, the truth and inner nature of act is identical with soulish forms and habits, which in the hereafter create the Ideal and otherworldly body. In fact, human beings represent themselves in the outside world through their acts. Hence, Mullā Ṣadrā rejects the idea that act is the cause of the emergence of states and attributes in the soul and, in case of repetition, results in the development of soulish habits. He, rather, believes that act is the product of human states and tendencies and merely plays the role of an intermediary between the human soul and the external material world. However, acts indirectly affect the formation of new thoughts and, as a result, new emotions and dispositions. Manuscript profile -
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64 - Roles of the Affective and Voluntary Spheres of Faith in its Bilateral Relationship with Moral Acts in Mullā Ṣadrā’s View
Mehdi ZamaniFaith is a truth which, in addition to cognition, embraces human feelings and will. That is why thinkers have provided different cognitive, affective, and voluntarist views of faith, each emphasizing one of these realms. The quality of the unity of faith with act has a MoreFaith is a truth which, in addition to cognition, embraces human feelings and will. That is why thinkers have provided different cognitive, affective, and voluntarist views of faith, each emphasizing one of these realms. The quality of the unity of faith with act has a long history and has provoked several different views. Following a descriptive-analytic method, the author has tried to explain and analyze Mullā Ṣadrā’s standpoint in this regard in this paper. His view of the nature of faith has often been introduced based on the identity of faith and cognition. However, he believes that faith is a kind knowledge within the heart which, in addition to cognition, entails human feelings and will. His emphasis upon the role of devotional love in the realm of affections and that of faith-related sincerity in the realm of free will has resulted in presenting an acceptable explanation of the quality of the unity of faith and act within his philosophical framework. In this way, through its spread in the realms of feeling and will (love and devotion), faith leads to moral act and is also influenced by such acts in its own turn. Therefore, a mutual relationship is established between knowledge and moral act through the mediation of feelings and will. In other words, faith guarantees the performance of moral acts, which, in turn, reinforce one’s faith. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - A Critical Study of the Differences Between Elemental and Ideal Bodies in Mullā Ṣadrā
Hosain KarimiOne of the classifications of the reality of the body in philosophical sources and works divides it into Ideal and elemental types. There is no conflict among contemporary philosophers regarding the essence of this division itself; however, they have referred to some di MoreOne of the classifications of the reality of the body in philosophical sources and works divides it into Ideal and elemental types. There is no conflict among contemporary philosophers regarding the essence of this division itself; however, they have referred to some differences between elemental and Ideal bodies, some of which are based on the principles related to the discussion of material and immaterial entities. Philosophers have provided different definitions for the material and immaterial. One of the important problems in the discussion of the differences between elemental and Ideal bodies is the problem of the existence of potency. Nevertheless, some other differences between them have been mentioned that cannot be completely based on the discussion of material and immaterial entities. Mullā Ṣadrā has extensively dealt with this philosophical problem in his works and referred to 15 differences between these two realities. The study of these differences can provide a better understanding of the reality of elemental and Ideal bodies. The present study indicates that some of these differences are correct; some are incorrect, and some others demand further explanation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - An Evaluation of the Common Interpretations of Fact Itself and its Whatness Based on Mullā Ṣadrā’s Final View
Seyedeh Zahra Mousavi Baygi Seyd Mohammad MusaviOne of the discussions that has attracted great attention in scientific-philosophical societies is epistemology and its related problems such as the problem of the “criterion for the truth of propositions”. Muslim thinkers believe that the criterion corresponds with naf MoreOne of the discussions that has attracted great attention in scientific-philosophical societies is epistemology and its related problems such as the problem of the “criterion for the truth of propositions”. Muslim thinkers believe that the criterion corresponds with nafs al-amr (fact itself); however, they have provided different views and interpretations of this concept. The required data for the study were collected through the library method. After describing and analyzing them, while evaluating three famous views regarding the truth of fact itself, reporting the related criticisms, and emphasizing the incomprehensiveness of these views, the researchers try to demonstrate that fact itself means “God’s essential differentiated knowledge”. Their standpoint is in conformity with gnostic and Sadrian philosophical principles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Ontological Functions of the Corporeal Dimension of Man in Mullā Ṣadrā’s View
Hadi Jafary Ali Arshad RiahiMan’s corporeal dimension is of great significance from various angles in Mullā Ṣadrā’s anthropology. In this paper, the authors deal with one of its important dimensions, that is, its ontological functions. Mullā Ṣadrā has not allocated any independent section to the f MoreMan’s corporeal dimension is of great significance from various angles in Mullā Ṣadrā’s anthropology. In this paper, the authors deal with one of its important dimensions, that is, its ontological functions. Mullā Ṣadrā has not allocated any independent section to the functions of Man’s corporeal dimension in his works and has not even directly referred to it. However, these functions can be inferred from his views. A study of his works indicate that Man’s corporeal dimension performs some important functions from an ontological perspective. In this regard reference can be made to the following functions: developing belief, promotion and evolution of Man, having free will, performing opposite acts, completing mental and rational acts, constructing and improving the world, realizing the noblest order, granting identity to the soul, and developing the identity of the perfect Man and some apparently contradictory roles such as becoming the source of evil and the source of freedom from evil. This study, which has been conducted following the library and content analysis methods, in addition to demonstrating the significance and necessity of Man’s corporeal dimension in the world of creation, illustrates that the functions of this dimension have various aspects from an ontological viewpoint and pertain to a number of important realms in the world of being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Strategies to deal with the collapse of the family unit based on the teachings of the Holy Quran (The verses of Surah Talaq)
Ebrahim Kalantari Fateme LayeghiOne of the harms that the local community recognizes is the deterioration of the marital bond and the collapse of the family unit due to divorces, which have many negative consequences in various aspects of human life; concerning divorce consequences, it prevents it fro MoreOne of the harms that the local community recognizes is the deterioration of the marital bond and the collapse of the family unit due to divorces, which have many negative consequences in various aspects of human life; concerning divorce consequences, it prevents it from being found of marriage. The Holy Qur'an, as the pure and important source of Islam, has offered beneficial strategies to preserve the family unit and reduce divorces. This study aimed to find the strategies to deal with the center of the collapsing family, which are stated in Surah Al-Talaq; these strategies are into two categories: action, insight, and tendency. In Al-Talaq Surah, the practical strategies are observed, including a specific time limit for divorce, the presence of a woman at her husband's home during the divorce period, a proper separation, and the presence of two just witnesses overseeing the divorce. The strategies of insight and inclination of Surah Al-Talaq are remembrance of God, invitation to piety, divine protection, divine command, belief in the resurrection, learning from the punishment of rebellious human beings of the past, paying attention to the power and knowledge of God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Exploring Content of Nurses’ Emotional Labour Dimensions and Investigating the Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on it in Mashhad’s Public Hospitals
Mostafa Kazemi saeed mortazaviEmotional labor as the management of emotions is the vital aspect of nursing profession that must be observed in order to express the organization’s intended emotions. Despite the emphasis made over the importance of this topic, it has not been much within the spot ligh MoreEmotional labor as the management of emotions is the vital aspect of nursing profession that must be observed in order to express the organization’s intended emotions. Despite the emphasis made over the importance of this topic, it has not been much within the spot light of experts inside the country; as the result there is no accurate cognition over the phenomenon. The current study, due to the existing knowledge gap and its important application in the domain being studied, explores contents of emotional labor dimensions in nurses; since a special goal out of HRM practices must be developed to create and preserve desired organization’s emotions, the second aim for this paper is studying the impact of HRM practices on contents of these dimensions. In the qualitative, all exemplar nurses of Mashhad’s public hospitals were interviewed by purposeful sampling; and the analysis was conducted through Colaizzi method. In quantitative, a questionnaire was distributed among 130 experienced nurses; and the analysis was conducted through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and AMOS software. Finally, in qualitative, in surface acting, 5 subcategories in 2 categories “emotional mask and emotional deal”; and in deep acting, 15 subcategories in 5 categories “emotional withdrawal, emotional empathy, emotional arousal, emotional sharing, and emotional reflection” emerged. In quantitative, the result for confirmatory factor analysis confirmed all categories and subcategories obtained in nurses’ emotional labor; also, HRM practices affected contents of emotional labor dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Solve the issue of project scheduling in a steady state with resource constraints and timing of delivery intervals
Meysam Jafari Eskandari rozbeh azizmohammadiDue to considering the real conditions of project and solving manager’s problems, the primary methods development of scheduling for projects has recently drawn researcher’s attentions so that these methods are looking for finding optimal sequence to realize project goal MoreDue to considering the real conditions of project and solving manager’s problems, the primary methods development of scheduling for projects has recently drawn researcher’s attentions so that these methods are looking for finding optimal sequence to realize project goals and to provide its constraints such as dependence, resource constraint (renewable and non-renewable). The importance of these issues has practically and theoretically led researchers to do much efforts on different conditions of issues for project schedule, various methods to solve and or to develop each of them. In this research based on selection of some executive methods for any activity with renewable and non-renewable resource and considering prerequisite relation from kind of start to end and having delivery time for any activity in two time periods that has been provided with regard to delivery time of penalty cost with delay or without delay. The presented model has been solved in small scale by gams software and in small, medium and large scale using meta-heuristic Methods of NSGA ll and cuckoo after coding in software of matlab 2013. The comparison of the answer obtained from the above algorithm indicates the better performance of genetic algorithm in most indexes and cuckoo algorithm has superiority on time index of problem solving. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Designing and developing a model for strategic control measurement in organizations with different value logic
Mohammad Javad Azarshahi Mohammad Taghi Amini Mahdi AkbariThe purpose of this study was to design and develop a model for assessing the amount and type of dominant strategic control in organizations, and in assessing the appropriateness of the strategic control type and its appropriateness with the logic of the organization's MoreThe purpose of this study was to design and develop a model for assessing the amount and type of dominant strategic control in organizations, and in assessing the appropriateness of the strategic control type and its appropriateness with the logic of the organization's value creation. It seems that with the predominance of a kind of strategic control in an organization and the imbalance of the organization in the organization, the survival of the threatened organization and the assessment of the strategic control dimensions appropriate to the logic of value creation is necessary. So far, much research has failed to address this issue, and this field study has taken a step towards removing this knowledge gap. The present study is a mixed study. In the qualitative analysis of data, the method was transcendental and in the quantitative analysis section, structural equation modeling was used. The model qualitative findings revealed two parts of strategic behavioral and content control. In the quantitative part, the leading research is a cross-sectional descriptive survey. In this study, 279 employees from nine organizations with a region of value creation service, production, and social welfare were studied by random stratified sampling. Based on the scientific literature of strategic control, a 31-question questionnaire was designed and its validity and reliability were evaluated and verified, and after the strategic justification period, a research sample was distributed. The findings of the research indicate that the proposed structure is suitable for fitting. The results of the research show that there is a significant difference in the use of economic control and ethnic-cultural control among the manufacturing, service and social welfare organizations, but there was no significant difference in the use of other controls among the organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Investigating the effective factors on the effectiveness of electronic signature in the prosperity of inter-firm business environment (Case study: Oil industry)
In the current study, identification and analysis of the factors affecting the electronic signature effect on the prosperity of the job area between the institutions (case study: oil industry) had been studied.In this study, in order to analyze the resulted data, the de MoreIn the current study, identification and analysis of the factors affecting the electronic signature effect on the prosperity of the job area between the institutions (case study: oil industry) had been studied.In this study, in order to analyze the resulted data, the descriptive and deductive statistical methods have been used, and the SPSS Software is used in this regard. For choosing the test of the hypotheses, first, the data normality test (Kolmogrov-Smirnov) was used for the calculation. The results of the normality test showed that there is no condition for the equality of the variances and the data are not normal. Therefore, in order to perform the test, the non-parametric tests were used, because the conditions related to the parametric tests were not available. For performing the test of the mean difference between the education and using the digital (electronic) signature, regarding the fact that the education level was in the form of categories, and it was higher than two categories, the one-way variance analysis test was used. To compare the means with each other and to determine the level of the meaningfulness of the differences, Tookie Test was used. Regarding the point that all the persons are inside two categories from the viewpoint of the job backgrounds, the T-Test of the independent groups is used in order to review the job backgrounds of the people. Eventually, the final result of the test of the hypotheses showed that considering all the variables, excluding verifying the identity and being undeniable in the process of job units, the effect of utilizing the electronic signature in juicing up the job in two institutes is too much, and the effect of these two ingredients is lower than the average. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Identifying the effective actors of forex trading network in the NIMA system using social network analysis
Mehrdad Agha Mohammad Ali Kermani mohammad javad Rokhsat Talab Saeed MirzamohammadiNima system is an integrated system of foreign exchange transactions. Nima is a platform system that has been designed and implemented with the aim of managing the foreign exchange market. In this system, on the supply side, exporters can sell the currency from their ex MoreNima system is an integrated system of foreign exchange transactions. Nima is a platform system that has been designed and implemented with the aim of managing the foreign exchange market. In this system, on the supply side, exporters can sell the currency from their exports, and on the demand side, importers can request to buy foreign currency. Identifying effective actors in each of these markets can have a positive impact on the policies of the main market maker of this system, the central bank.Using social networks analysis (SNA) tools can be a good way to achieve this. Since in these networks each of the actors can only have one of the roles of "buyer" or "seller" and there is only the possibility of trading and communication with the opposite role, these networks can be called bipartite networks. As a result, the usual approaches to identifying effective actors for these networks will not be usable. In contrast to standard approaches, we used a weighted projection algorithm to solve this problem. After projectting each of the two networks of foreign exchange supply and demand, four new networks are created, including the network of seller-exporters, buyer exchange offices, buyer importers, and seller exchange offices. Then We will try to make a method to score and rank the nodes. As a result of the implementation of the algorithm, a ranking was provided for the nodes, based on which the node with the highest rank will be the most important node in our network. Finally, in order to make suggestions to the policymaker, by analyzing the results of the ranking, questions about effective market players were answered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Social and cultural Impact Assessment of Sports Complexes: A Case Study of Narmak Sports Complex
Ma’soumeh MohaqeqMontazeriOne of the biggest problems facing cities, especially large ones is inadequate share and distribution of sports facilities due to the size of urban population and insufficient government budget. Construction of Narmak Sports Complex is one of the projects that have been MoreOne of the biggest problems facing cities, especially large ones is inadequate share and distribution of sports facilities due to the size of urban population and insufficient government budget. Construction of Narmak Sports Complex is one of the projects that have been implemented with the aim of developing sports and leisure areaaligned with the Comprehensive Master-plan for Tehran City and the Detailed Plan of Region 8. It also aimed to transform a polluted site into a service area.The present study seeks to identify the social and cultural impacts of this project and to estimate the positive and negative outcomes within the project-affected area. This research took a mixed approach combining documentary and field methods, and tools such as observation, in-depth and semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and focused group discussions were used to collect data.The findings of this study show that besides positive impacts such as increasing sports spaceper capita, eliminating environmental pollution, improving the urban landscape, reducing household costs, reducing perceived public insecurity, enriching leisure activity patterns, etc., this projectalso has negative impacts such as reducing market share of pre-existing sports complexes, causing traffic problems due to lack of parking space and increasing traffic jams in the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Solutions of Mullā Hādī Sabziwārī and Ḥassanzādeh Āmulī to the Dilemma of Agent-by-Foreknowledge in Mullā Ṣadrā’s Philosophy
Naeimeh NajmiNejad Ahmad GhafariThe discussion of divine activity and the quality of the creation of existents has always been a challenging discussion, and different thinkers have provided different views, each based on their philosophical thoughts. Among them, Mullā Ṣadrā has sometimes acknowledged MoreThe discussion of divine activity and the quality of the creation of existents has always been a challenging discussion, and different thinkers have provided different views, each based on their philosophical thoughts. Among them, Mullā Ṣadrā has sometimes acknowledged agent-by-foreknowledge and sometimes agent-by-self-manifestation regarding the quality of God’s Agency in his various works. These two apparently contradictory views have made the commentators of his works to try to reveal his ultimate intention. This paper, which has been written following a descriptive analytic method, discusses the views of Mullā Hādī Sabziwārī and Ḥassanzādeh Āmulī as two of the important commentators of the Transcendent Philosophy and concludes that, through referring agent-by-self-manifestation to providence in its general sense, Sabziwārī tries to reconcile these two views. However, with his particular interpretation of the Peripatetics’ view of God’s agency, Ḥassanzādeh Āmulī equates agent-by-foreknowledge with agent-by-self-manifestation. Nevertheless, the authors believe that the main basis of agent-by-foreknowledge that has persuaded Mullā Ṣadrā to acknowledge it is active knowledge. For this reason, by accepting agent-by-foreknowledge, he agrees with such affairs as the addition of knowledge to essence, which the Peripatetics have suggested in this regard. Accordingly, we can conclude from Mullā Ṣadrā’s different statements about the quality of divine agency that his view is based on active knowledge, which also exists in agent-by-foreknowledge. Hence, he speaks of agency-by-foreknowledge in relation to God’s Activity, which is consistent with agent-by-self-knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Comparsion of Harmonic Propagation and Whack-a-mole Phenomena Compensation on Radial Distribution Feeder Using Parallel Active Power Filter with Constant and Controlled Gains
H. R. Ezzati A. Yazdian VarjaniIn order to damping harmonic propagation effect, the active power filters (APF) are installed on distribution systems. This installation also may cause harmonic oscillation effect named Whack-a-mole. In this paper using simulation results, the two mentioned effects are MoreIn order to damping harmonic propagation effect, the active power filters (APF) are installed on distribution systems. This installation also may cause harmonic oscillation effect named Whack-a-mole. In this paper using simulation results, the two mentioned effects are decreased efficiently for a ten-bus power radial distribution feeder for any nonlinear load connections (harmonic current or voltage source) by using constant gain Kv=1/Zc The characteristic impedance, Zc, is nondeterministic and variable, so the APF's gain should be controlled actively. In this paper the parallel active filter gain is designed such that by producing proper compensating current, the harmonic distortion on APF bus is controlled and the harmonic propagation and oscillation effects are prevented by keeping the harmonic distortion in an allowable interval. By adjusting APF gain, the effective compensation current will decrease and so the power loss and cost, the benefit of applying adjustable gain APF. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Design and Control of Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter Using the Sliding Mode Control and Energy Feedback
M. Nayeripour A. Yazdian Varjani M. Mohamadian H. R. mohammadiThe presence of nonlinear and unbalance loads in a three-phase network causes harmonics generation and dissipation in power network. One of the usual methods used for decreasing and eliminating these effects is the application of active and passive filter. The passive f MoreThe presence of nonlinear and unbalance loads in a three-phase network causes harmonics generation and dissipation in power network. One of the usual methods used for decreasing and eliminating these effects is the application of active and passive filter. The passive filter is designed for a particular kind of frequency and therefore eliminates a particular harmonics. Its weakness, however, is the possibility of its resonance with the equivalent network impedance and the large size of its elements. The active filter helps to remove the above problems. Moreover, this filter causes the harmonics to be rejected individually or all together and prohibits the occurrence of resonance with the network. One of the problems of these filters is the limited dynamics response that considers the steady state of harmonics. In this paper, unlike the previous methods on single phase analysis, the inverter used in active filter is analyzed more precisely, i.e., the simultaneous three- phase analysis. The ohmic effect of phase-inductances is also taken into account. The inverter control system makes use of two internal and external loops. The external loop produces suitable signal for on/off switching through sliding mode control. The internal loop utilizes energy feedback to adjust the capacitor voltages. This new method effectively improves the speed of dynamic filter response in comparison with the previously reported methods and is able to quickly compensate harmonics and load unbalancing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Optimization of Shunt Active Power Filter and Load Current with an Improved Sliding Mode Control
M. Nayeripour A. Yazdian Varjani M. MohamadianIn this paper, the compensation of load harmonic current is investigated using Lagrange function and minimization of load current active component. The results are compared with load harmonic current compensation using instantaneous three phase reactive power theory. N MoreIn this paper, the compensation of load harmonic current is investigated using Lagrange function and minimization of load current active component. The results are compared with load harmonic current compensation using instantaneous three phase reactive power theory. Next the PI and sliding mode controller are modified such that RMS value of error signal is minimized and state variables reach the sliding surface faster than conventional sliding mode controller. This improves the dynamic response of active power filter under load unbalance and harmonics conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Balloon Energy Based on Contourlet in Parametric Active Contour for Segmentation of Texture Object in Texture Background
P. Moallem H. Tahvilian A. MonadjemiObject boundaries detection is one of the interesting subjects in computer and image processing. Active contour models are one of the popular methods in object detection and segmentation. This paper presents a new method for segmentation of texture object by means of pa MoreObject boundaries detection is one of the interesting subjects in computer and image processing. Active contour models are one of the popular methods in object detection and segmentation. This paper presents a new method for segmentation of texture object by means of parametric active contour. In this proposed method, by adding a balloon energy to energy function of the parametric active contour model, the detection and segmentation of textured object against textured background would be achieved. In this method, texture feature of contour and object points are calculated by contourlet transform. Then by comparing these features with texture feature of target object, which are available as prior information, movement direction of balloon is defined, whereupon contour curves are expanded or contracted in order to adapt to the target boundaries. Experimental results demonstrate that the active contour based on contourlet (Contourlet-ACM) has higher segmentation accuracy than the active contour based on moment (Moment-ACM) and active contour based on DWHT (DWHT-ACM). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Extracting Bottlenecks Using Object Recognition in Reinforcement Learning
B. Ghazanfari N. Mozayani M. R. Jahed MotlaghExtracting bottlenecks improves considerably the speed of learning and the ability knowledge transferring in reinforcement learning. But, extracting bottlenecks is a challenge in reinforcement learning and it typically requires prior knowledge and designer’s help. This MoreExtracting bottlenecks improves considerably the speed of learning and the ability knowledge transferring in reinforcement learning. But, extracting bottlenecks is a challenge in reinforcement learning and it typically requires prior knowledge and designer’s help. This paper will propose a new method that extracts bottlenecks for reinforcement learning agent automatically. We have inspired of biological systems, behavioral analysts and routing animals and the agent works on the basis of its interacting to environment. The agent finds landmarks based in clustering and hierarchical object recognition. If these landmarks in actions space are close to each other, bottlenecks are extracted using the states between them. The Experimental results show a considerable improvement in the process of learning in comparison to some key methods in the literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Improving Q-Learning Using Simultaneous Updating and Adaptive Policy Based on Opposite Action
M. Pouyan S. Golzari A. Mousavi Ahmad HatamQ-learning is a one of the most popular and frequently used model-free reinforcement learning method. Among the advantages of this method is independent in its prior knowledge and there is a proof for its convergence to the optimal policy. One of the main limitations of MoreQ-learning is a one of the most popular and frequently used model-free reinforcement learning method. Among the advantages of this method is independent in its prior knowledge and there is a proof for its convergence to the optimal policy. One of the main limitations of this method is its low convergence speed, especially when the dimension is high. Accelerating convergence of this method is a challenge. Q-learning can be accelerated the convergence by the notion of opposite action. Since two Q-values are updated simultaneously at each learning step. In this paper, adaptive policy and the notion of opposite action are used to speed up the learning process by integrated approach. The methods are simulated for the grid world problem. The results demonstrate a great advance in the learning in terms of success rate, the percent of optimal states, the number of steps to goal, and average reward. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - A Control Strategy Presentation for DG Resources Power Injection in Order to Reduce Harmonic Distortion and Unbalanced Current Simultaneously Based on EMO-RLS Algorithm
F. Faghihi soodabeh Soleymani M. Mollazadeh ShahroudiIn this paper a control technique for renewable energy resources–grid interface is proposed based on extended multi output-recursive least square (EMO-RLS) algorithm considering active power management and harmonic, unbalanced and reactive current components elimination MoreIn this paper a control technique for renewable energy resources–grid interface is proposed based on extended multi output-recursive least square (EMO-RLS) algorithm considering active power management and harmonic, unbalanced and reactive current components elimination. The proposed method is evaluated via MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Firstly, an artificial three-phase unbalanced harmonic signal is generated. It will be transmitted to different estimators for their outputs comparison. The results indicate proper performance of the suggested structure for active harmonic symmetrical components analysis in comparison with the other traditional methods. Also, its dynamic operation in tracking of load current variations is evaluated employing EMO–RLS algorithm for control system of a DG source interface. It illustrates the active power injection to the grid is managed, as well as the harmonic, unbalance and reactive current components, are decreased simultaneously. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Geometrical Self-Organizing Map Classifier Based on Active Learning for Steganalysis in the Video Environment by Spending at Least a Label
H. Sadoghi Yazdi A. Mohiaddini M. KhademiClassifier is one of the three blocks of a video steganalysis that needs labeled for training. In the blind video steganalysis, due to the lack of access to steganography algorithms, it is difficult to label. In this paper, the semi supervised growing self-organizing ma MoreClassifier is one of the three blocks of a video steganalysis that needs labeled for training. In the blind video steganalysis, due to the lack of access to steganography algorithms, it is difficult to label. In this paper, the semi supervised growing self-organizing map classifier has been used to reach the minimum label. For this purpose, a concept called the geometric redundancy of the lower-layer nodes of the semi supervised self-organizing network has been used. It has been shown that this redundancy will create repetitive patterns of the network, so deleting such nodes is possible. Proven due to the existence of one-to-one correspondence between nodes and labels. Reducing nodes leads to a reduction in the number of labels required. The basic point is the need for a geometric redundancy among a number of nodes, which is a conception of abstraction, is the formation of a group by them. Therefore, the proposed algorithm is based on identifying categories and integrating their members. The classifier obtained on this basis has been named a geometric self-organizing map classifier .It is proven that this classifier can achieve the minimum amount of optimal label. The simulation results show a remarkable superiority over the previous algorithms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Human Activity Recognition using Switching Structure Model
Mohammad Mahdi Arzani M. Fathy Ahmad AkbariTo communicate with people interactive systems often need to understand human activities in advance. However, recognizing activities in advance is a very challenging task, because people perform their activities in different ways, also, some activities are simple while MoreTo communicate with people interactive systems often need to understand human activities in advance. However, recognizing activities in advance is a very challenging task, because people perform their activities in different ways, also, some activities are simple while others are complex and comprised of several smaller atomic sub-activities. In this paper, we use skeletons captured from low-cost depth RGB-D sensors as high-level descriptions of the human body. We propose a method capable of recognizing simple and complex human activities by formulating it as a structured prediction task using probabilistic graphical models (PGM). We test our method on three popular datasets: CAD-60, UT-Kinect, and Florence 3D. These datasets cover both simple and complex activities. Also, our method is sensitive to clustering methods that are used to determine the middle states, we evaluate test different clustering, methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Human Action Recognition in Still Image of Human Pose using Multi-Stream neural Network
Roghayeh Yousefi K. FaezToday, human action recognition in still images has become one of the active topics in computer vision and pattern recognition. The focus is on identifying human action or behavior in a single static image. Unlike the traditional methods that use videos or a sequence of MoreToday, human action recognition in still images has become one of the active topics in computer vision and pattern recognition. The focus is on identifying human action or behavior in a single static image. Unlike the traditional methods that use videos or a sequence of images for human action recognition, still images do not involve temporal information. Therefore, still image-based action recognition is more challenging compared to video-based recognition. Given the importance of motion information in action recognition, the Im2flow method has been used to estimate motion information from a static image. To do this, three deep neural networks are combined together, called a three-stream neural network. The proposed structure of this paper, namely the three-stream network, stemmed from the combination of three deep neural networks. The first, second and third networks are trained based on the raw color image, the optical flow predicted by the image, and the human pose obtained in the image, respectively. In other words, in this study, in addition to the predicted spatial and temporal information, the information on human pose is also used for human action recognition due to its importance in recognition performance. Results revealed that the introduced three-stream neural network can improve the accuracy of human action recognition. The accuracy of the proposed method on Willow7 action, Pascal voc2012, and Stanford10 data sets were 91.8%, 91.02%, and 96.97%, respectively, which indicates the promising performance of the introduced method compared to state-of-the-art performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Robust Human Physical Activity Recognition Using Smartphone Sensors
Mahdi Yazdian Dehkordi Zahra Abedi Nasim KhaniHuman physical activity recognition using gyroscope and accelerometer sensors of smartphones has attracted many researches in recent years. In this paper, the performance of principle component analysis feature extraction method and several classifiers including support MoreHuman physical activity recognition using gyroscope and accelerometer sensors of smartphones has attracted many researches in recent years. In this paper, the performance of principle component analysis feature extraction method and several classifiers including support vector machine, logestic regression, Adaboost and convolutional neural network are evaluated to propose an efficient system for human activity recognition. The proposed system can improve the classification accuracy in comparison with the state of the art researches in this field. The performance of a physical activity recognition system is expected to be robust on different smartphone platforms. The quality of smartphone sensors and their corresponding noises vary considerably between different smartphone models and sometimes within the same model. Therefore, it is beneficial to study the effect of noise on the efficiency of the human activity recognition system. In this paper, the robustness of the investigated classifiers are also studied in various level of sensor noises to find the best robust solution for this purpose. The experimental results, which is provided on a well-known human activity recognition dataset, show that the support vector machine with averaged accuracy of 96.34% perform more robust than the other classifiers on different level of sensor noises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Detecting Human Activities Based on Motion Sensors in IOT Using Deep Learning
Abbas Mirzaei fatemeh farajiControl of areas and locations and motion sensors in the Internet of Things requires continuous control to detect human activities in different situations, which is an important challenge, including manpower and human error. Permanent human control of IoT motion sensors MoreControl of areas and locations and motion sensors in the Internet of Things requires continuous control to detect human activities in different situations, which is an important challenge, including manpower and human error. Permanent human control of IoT motion sensors also seems impossible. The IoT is more than just a simple connection between devices and systems. IoT information sensors and systems help companies get a better view of system performance. This study presents a method based on deep learning and a 30-layer DNN neural network for detecting human activity on the Fordham University Activity Diagnostic Data Set. The data set contains more than 1 million lines in six classes to detect IoT activity. The proposed model had almost 90% and an error rate of 0.22 in the evaluation criteria, which indicates the good performance of deep learning in activity recognition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Efficient Recognition of Human Actions by Limiting the Search Space in Deep Learning Methods
m. koohzadi N. MoghadamThe efficiency of human action recognition systems depends on extracting appropriate representations from the video data. In recent years, deep learning methods have been proposed to extract efficient spatial-temporal representations. Deep learning methods, on the other MoreThe efficiency of human action recognition systems depends on extracting appropriate representations from the video data. In recent years, deep learning methods have been proposed to extract efficient spatial-temporal representations. Deep learning methods, on the other hand, have a high computational complexity for development over temporal domain. Challenges such as the sparsity and limitation of discriminative data, and highly noise factors increase the computational complexity of representing human actions. Therefore, creating a high accurate representation requires a very high computational cost. In this paper, spatial and temporal deep learning networks have been enhanced by adding appropriate feature selection mechanisms to reduce the search space. In this regard, non-online and online feature selection mechanisms have been studied to identify human actions with less computational complexity and higher accuracy. The results showed that the non-linear feature selection mechanism leads to a significant reduction in computational complexity and the online feature selection mechanism increases the accuracy while controlling the computational complexity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - A Step towards All-Optical Deep Neural Networks: Utilizing Nonlinear Optical Element
Aida Ebrahimi Dehghan Pour S. K.In recent years, optical neural networks have received a lot of attention due to their high speed and low power consumption. However, these networks still have many limitations. One of these limitations is implementing their nonlinear layer. In this paper, the implement MoreIn recent years, optical neural networks have received a lot of attention due to their high speed and low power consumption. However, these networks still have many limitations. One of these limitations is implementing their nonlinear layer. In this paper, the implementation of nonlinear unit for an optical convolutional neural network is investigated, so that using this nonlinear unit, we can realize an all-optical convolutional neural network with the same accuracy as the electrical networks, while providing higher speed and lower power consumption. In this regard, first of all, different methods of implementing optical nonlinear unit are reviewed. Then, the impact of utilizing saturable absorber, as the nonlinear unit in different layers of CNN, on the network’s accuracy is investigated, and finally, a new and simple method is proposed to preserve the accuracy of the optical neural networks utilizing saturable absorber as the nonlinear activating function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Determining the Consistency in Competencies of Human Resource Managers Based on Ulrich Competencies Model: A Case Study (Mobarake Steel Co.)
iraj soltaniThe current research was performed in Mobarake Steel Co. in order to determine the required competencies in human resources entitled “competencies of human resource managers in companies based on Ulrich competency model”. The statistical society of the study comprises o MoreThe current research was performed in Mobarake Steel Co. in order to determine the required competencies in human resources entitled “competencies of human resource managers in companies based on Ulrich competency model”. The statistical society of the study comprises of 16 human resource managers among 32 and also 90 operational managers among 120 that were randomly selected using the Morgan table. Then two kinds of questionnaires were designed in order to compare the viewpoints of human resource managers about their own performance and also operational managers’ viewpoints about human resource managers’ performance using Ulrich competencies model. The data were analyzed through SPSS software, ANOVA, normality test, one sample T test, two independent sample T test, simple regression, multivariate regression and Pearson correlation. Finally the following results were estimated: Credible Activist 3.12 ,Culture & Change Steward 2.98, Talent manager/organization designer 3.04, Strategy architect 2.89, Operational executor 2.98, Business ally 2.96, and the mean was 3.00. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Studying effective Factors on Facilitating the Transfer of Learning to the Workplace from the Perspective of Organizational Environment
احمدعلی روح الهی hassan mahjob mehdi kherandishIn today's changing world, training and development of staff is a key strategy for organizations to gain competitive advantage. But the advantage is not achieving only with training courses, Effectiveness of learning is attained if the staff imparts apprentices, knowled MoreIn today's changing world, training and development of staff is a key strategy for organizations to gain competitive advantage. But the advantage is not achieving only with training courses, Effectiveness of learning is attained if the staff imparts apprentices, knowledge, skills and attitudes which are learnt to improve their performance. The aim of the present study is applied research and it is descriptive and survey methods of data collection. In terms of the relationship between variables and specific correlation is based on structural equation modeling. Statistical population research is 460 persons of a military units, that 210 persons were selected based on Morgan table. A researcher-made questionnaire according to Baldwin, et al. (2009) was used to collect data and to test hypotheses with 20 questions about some indexes such as climate for imparting, support of managers, peer support, and action after the training. Data analysis showed that recognized indicators have positive and significant relationship with facilitating the imparting training to the workplace. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Traits, Skills, and Entrepreneurial Actions of the Teacherpreneurs: A Systematic Review through Qualitative Meta-synthesis
Zahra Sayehvand Farnoosh Alami Sara Salim Namin Mahmoud AbolghasemiThe teacherpreneurship has received increasing attention over the past decades; however, the concept remains understudied, and the way the teaching profession and entrepreneurship are combine, is unclear. To fill this gap in the literature, this study aimed to identify MoreThe teacherpreneurship has received increasing attention over the past decades; however, the concept remains understudied, and the way the teaching profession and entrepreneurship are combine, is unclear. To fill this gap in the literature, this study aimed to identify the traits and skills and entrepreneurial actions of teacherpreneurs through a systematic literature review of current scholarly work on the topic as well as hybrid thematic analysis of study sources. The results of the study provide traits and actions that are commonly attributed to teacherpreneurs. The results are categorized into four dimensions of personal traits with 8 themes, entrepreneurial actions with 11 themes, teachership with 5 themes, and leadership with 10 themes. Teacherpreneurs are creative, knowledgeable, learner, resistant, active, empathic, moral role models, with commitment and responsibility and social motivation. Teacherpreneurs show also entrepreneurial traits and actions such as ongoing innovation and educational value creation, problem solving, risk-taking, networking, learner/audience understanding, providing resources, creating a common dream, and then creating a common creation. Teacherpreneurs are teaching experts who excel in one or more teaching components such as innovative teaching methods, assessment methods, and classroom management. They also set up professional learning communities with a reciprocal mentoring approach, lead an innovation team and explore new perspectives on teaching and learning as the educational leaders. The results of this research can be a basis for new research and can facilitate the development process of the teacherpreneurship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - The Relationship Between Gratitude and Happiness in the Transcendent Philosophy
Nafiseh Ahl SarmadiMullā Ṣadrā believes that “gratitude” is a level and station that Man can attain and considers the knowledge and perception of the truth of gratitude to depend on anthropology. The three-fold pillars of gratitude in his view consist of knowledge, happiness, and act. Act MoreMullā Ṣadrā believes that “gratitude” is a level and station that Man can attain and considers the knowledge and perception of the truth of gratitude to depend on anthropology. The three-fold pillars of gratitude in his view consist of knowledge, happiness, and act. Act is the prerequisite for attaining happiness, which, in turn, is a prerequisite for acquiring knowledge. Therefore, knowledge is the basis for gratitude, and act functions as a prerequisite to it. Accordingly, one can say that a truly thankful person is always happy, which manifests itself in practice in the form of benevolence, generosity, and sympathy. The reason behind this happiness and kindness to all people is the belief in God and His Oneness. In the Transcendent Philosophy, God is the source of infinite happiness; therefore, any relationship with Him is the same as being connected to the source of happiness and joy. Therefore, it can be concluded that gratitude is based on philosophical principles in Mullā Ṣadrā’s works so that reaching the highest level of thankfulness is only possible through attaining wisdom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - The Relationship between the Coping Schemas with Stress and Values in Action with Psychological Distress in the Corona Epidemic Period: The Mediating role of Resilience
mohammad mahdavi meydani Mahnaz Shahgholian Hamid KhanipourSince the corona epidemic, various studies have examined the psychological and physical effects of this disease and have considered several factors involved in the occurrence, increase and decrease of psychological distress resulting from this epidemic. The aim of this MoreSince the corona epidemic, various studies have examined the psychological and physical effects of this disease and have considered several factors involved in the occurrence, increase and decrease of psychological distress resulting from this epidemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between coping schemes with stress, virtues in action and resilience with psychological distress during the corona epidemic. 200 students (137 women and 63 men) between the ages of 20-40 were randomly selected and responded online to questionnaires of the Coping Schemas with Stress (CSI-R), Virtues in Action (VIA), Connor and Davidson's Resilience (CD-RISC) and Kessler's psychological distress (K-10). Findings showed that the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between coping schemes with stress and psychological distress is significant. Relationships between coping schemas with stress with virtues in action were also significant. The relationship between virtues in action with psychological distress was not significant. The results of the study indicate that in periods of stress and crisis, such as the Corona epidemic, programs based on promoting resilience is preferred in reducing the level of psychological distress than Programs to change coping schemas with stress and programs to promote positive virtues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Comparison of the Effect of Group Behavioral Activation Treatment and Group Cognitive Therapy on Positive and Negative Emotions, and Emotional Regulation Processes
mehdi SoleimaniThe purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of group behavioral activation treatment (BA) and group cognitive therapy (CT) on positive and negative emotions and emotional regulation processes. The sample consisted of 27 university students with subsyndro MoreThe purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of group behavioral activation treatment (BA) and group cognitive therapy (CT) on positive and negative emotions and emotional regulation processes. The sample consisted of 27 university students with subsyndromal anxiety and depressive symptoms who were selected through purposeful sampling and then were randomly assigned to two groups. One group received 8 sessions of BA and the other group received 8 sessions of CT. Participants completed the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale and the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire before and after the treatments. Results indicated that BA was superior to CT on increasing positive emotions but the both treatments were equal on decreasing negative emotions. There were some differences between the both treatments in emotional regulation processes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Relationship of Work-Family Conflict and Spillover with Psychosomatic Complaints Considering the Mediating Role of Work Anxiety
mohsen GolparvarThe purpose of the current research was to investigate the relationship of work-family conflict and spillover with psycho-somatic com-plaints by considering the role of work anxiety. The research method was correlational and the sample consisted of 254 employees of an i MoreThe purpose of the current research was to investigate the relationship of work-family conflict and spillover with psycho-somatic com-plaints by considering the role of work anxiety. The research method was correlational and the sample consisted of 254 employees of an industrial company. Research instruments included Work-Family Conflict Questionnaire (WFCQ), Work-Family Spill-over Questionnaire (WFSQ), Psychosomatic Complaints Questionnaire (PCQ), and Work Anxiety Questionnaire (WAQ), (researcher made). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between work-family and family-work conflict with psychosomatic complaints and work anxiety (P<0.01), negative significant relationship between positive family-work spill-over with psychosomatic complaints, and work anxiety (P<0.05). Also, results showed that there is a positive significant relationship between work anxiety and psychosomatic complaints. Results of the structural equation modeling with mediation analysis also showed that work anxiety is a partial mediator in the relationship of family-work conflict with psychosomatic complaints. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Comparison of the Ideal and Actual Affective States of Opiate-Dependent Addicts and Non-Addicts and Their Relationship to Personality Characteristics
S. Said Pournaghash TehraniAbstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the ideal and actual affective states of opiate-dependent addicts and non-addict group and their relationship to personality characteristics. The retrospective research method was used in the present study .The statistic MoreAbstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the ideal and actual affective states of opiate-dependent addicts and non-addict group and their relationship to personality characteristics. The retrospective research method was used in the present study .The statistical population consisted of all opiate-dependent individuals who themselves had referred to rehabilitation centers in Tehran in 2012. A sample of 30 opiate-dependents was chosen. Also, 30 non-addicts were selected by convenience sampling who were matched on age. The two groups filled out Affect Valuation Index (AVI) and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Analyzing the data showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in all subscales of the AVI (ideal) except for the subscale of HA. Also, significant differences were observed between the two groups in the subscales of P, LA, and N of actual AVI. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the NS, RD, and SD subscales of TCI. Regarding the differences between the addict and non-addict groups, significant differences existed in all subscales of actual AVI and ideal AVI except for the LAN and HAN subscales. In short, in terms of ideal and actual affective states and personality characteristics, there were differences between opiate-dependent individuals and non-addict groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Concept of Ethos in Aristotle’s Theory of Tragedy and its Historical Reflection
Mohammad Hashemi Amir MaziyarIn Aristotle’s view, an ideal tragic hero must be neither a villain nor a virtuous man but a character who stands between these two extremes based on a conscious process of choice. In order to explain ethos, the study inquires about the roles of conscious ethical choice MoreIn Aristotle’s view, an ideal tragic hero must be neither a villain nor a virtuous man but a character who stands between these two extremes based on a conscious process of choice. In order to explain ethos, the study inquires about the roles of conscious ethical choice, external virtues, and the similarities between the hero and the addressee in the unity of action and hero in Aristotle’s view. Moreover, it asks about the basis upon which the historical reflection of this unity can be studied. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between Aristotle’s theory of tragedy and philosophy of ethics and its historical reflection relying on the relationship between act and moral character in his Poetics and the related sections in his other treatises. Here, the author demonstrates that action and hero in a tragedy together present some imitations of the essence and ethical nature of the world. The historical reflection of Aristotle’s ethical approach to tragedy can be studied based on the theories related to the principiality of ethics and the relationship between art and ethics. This qualitative study has been conducted following a descriptive-analytic method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Energy Management of Micro-Grids and Their Harmonic Compensation Through Shunt Active Filter Based on Multi-Agent Systems
Mohammad-Reza Salehi Rad Mohammad Mollaie EmamzadehIn this paper, a new energy management strategy is presented by using shunt active power filter (SAPF) in a multi-agent structure. This strategy is applied to a micro-grid connected to the grid and includes the problem of harmonic compensation. By examining the advantag MoreIn this paper, a new energy management strategy is presented by using shunt active power filter (SAPF) in a multi-agent structure. This strategy is applied to a micro-grid connected to the grid and includes the problem of harmonic compensation. By examining the advantages and disadvantages of shunt active power filters and passive filters, as well as their efficiency in the multi-agent structure for power micro-grids, the reason for using shunt active power filters in the proposed method has been determined. Also, the performance of these filters for compensating current harmonics has been compared by examining the FFT results. In the used micro-grid, wind turbine generator and solar cell generator are used as renewable energy sources (RES) and two fuel cells are used to compensate for sudden and unplanned changes in the production power of these two generators. The energy management unit manages the active and inactive state of the two fuel cells according to the production power and consumption power of the micro-grid in such a way that the power exchanged between the micro-grid and the main grid is limited within an acceptable range. The simulation results show that the proposed method using local continuous controllers (in each agent) and central discrete controller (energy management system) has been able to perform well and while providing the required power of the micro-grid, at the same time, it performs the current harmonics compensation issue correctly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Morphology of Practical Wisdom and the Role of Five Crafts
Ahmad Mohammadi PeiroThere is an inseparable connection between practical and theoretical wisdom. The five crafts, as a part of theoretical wisdom, can play a role in practical wisdom, which is used sometimes as knowledge and sometimes as temperament or virtue. The present study was conduct MoreThere is an inseparable connection between practical and theoretical wisdom. The five crafts, as a part of theoretical wisdom, can play a role in practical wisdom, which is used sometimes as knowledge and sometimes as temperament or virtue. The present study was conducted to answer the question of the extent and quality of the role that the five crafts play, firstly, in producing the cognitive elements of practical wisdom and, secondly, in the origins of the emanation of act. It also aims to identify the factors and variables in relation to the five crafts that construct the practical wisdom. The significance of explaining the relationship between the two types of wisdom lies in the fact that mental habits determine the human identity, and that the five crafts are mental habits that can play a role in determining the human life by influencing the origins of emanation of acts. As a result, they can affect all aspects of human life, such as academic, social, or political ones. In this paper, the author initially introduces the five crafts and, particularly, their common features based on logical books. Then, following a descriptive-analytic approach, he examines their effects on the elements of cognitive and temperamental practical wisdom. The first section discusses an epistemological turn of erroneous concepts and judgements, the efficiency of the methodology of practical wisdom, formation of mentally-posited concepts at the level of act, and attainment of the intellection of practical wisdom by different human beings. The second section explains the regulation of the particular task of practical wisdom, the development of the skill of matching cognitive affairs with administrative ones, affecting the cognitive origins of emanation of acts, and the formation of human acts as the results of the study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Comparative Study Of Realm Of Civil Liability Of A Minor Guardian In Iranian, England And French Law
Maryam Tafazoli Mehrjardi Behshid ArfaniaThe principle of personal responsibility is accepted by different sharia and legal systems. Therefore, no one can bear the burden of another sin, and this principle is in the law of civil liability. Therefore, with the evolution of human social life and the development MoreThe principle of personal responsibility is accepted by different sharia and legal systems. Therefore, no one can bear the burden of another sin, and this principle is in the law of civil liability. Therefore, with the evolution of human social life and the development of civilization and urbanization and moving away from tribal life, the principle of collective civil responsibility has been shaken, and whoever causes harm to another must compensate the loss himself.In Iranian, England and French law, Civil liability resulting from a minor harmful act is one of the examples of liability resulting from a non-harmful act. Therefore, in Iranian law, those who are in charge of caring for, care or educating a minor, if they fail in this task and as a result, the minor harms another, are guilty according to Article 7 of the civil liability law, and they will be obliged to compensate the damage and if he has not failed, he will be examined according to Article 1216 civil law. This rule is an exception to the principle of personal civil liability. Therefore, the purpose of civil liability in all three countries is to compensate the victims; If the terms and conditions of minor civil liability are met, the injured party has the right to seek redress from the guardian. The minor guardian, like any other civil liability, is only liable for damages attributable to himself resulting from the minor act. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - An overview of avian tendon and ligament problems
Nikta Moqadasi Abbas Raisi Hassan NorouzianTendon is a mechanical bridge that transmits muscle strength to the bones and joints. Musculoskeletal disorders damages millions of dollars in economic losses each year to companies in the animal husbandry industry that inflict food. The tendon is mainly composed of ten MoreTendon is a mechanical bridge that transmits muscle strength to the bones and joints. Musculoskeletal disorders damages millions of dollars in economic losses each year to companies in the animal husbandry industry that inflict food. The tendon is mainly composed of tenocyte and tenoblast cells and is oriented and organized by collagen fibers. Viral arthritis / tenosynovitis in poultry is one of the pathological manifestations of avian reovirus infection. Viral arthritis can be diagnosed by clinical observations and serological examination and radiological findings. Studies show the effect of vaccines on the prevention of this disease. Tendon mineralization in poultry can be a part of the natural process or can be caused by aging or tendon damage. Mineral deposition in tendons makes it a hard structure with less flexibility. The morphological properties of tissue and mineralized tendon cells have been studied. Several studies on the effects of activity on avian Gastrocnemius tendon have been performed. One of the tendon injuries is related to the patagial tendon, which responds well to treatment after surgery. The tendon plays a vital role in function of birds and is damaged, which causes irreparable problems. Therefore, it is necessary to know its structure and precise function in preventing damage as well as their more effective treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Hydrodynamic activity in the Mishrif reservoirs: an approach to characterize Sarvak formation , in eastern part of the Persian Gulf
Ali reza BashariThe hydrodynamic activity and its effects on oil water contact of oil fields in Sirri district ( Eastern Part of the Persian Gulf), has been revealed by drilling and coring of third well of Mishrif reservoir, (SiDA1) on 1976. Discovery of Sirri –D1 ( Dena) i MoreThe hydrodynamic activity and its effects on oil water contact of oil fields in Sirri district ( Eastern Part of the Persian Gulf), has been revealed by drilling and coring of third well of Mishrif reservoir, (SiDA1) on 1976. Discovery of Sirri –D1 ( Dena) in 1972 and SiD-2 confirm existence of oil only 5 meter at the top of structure. Field development started in 1975 and showed the existence of tilted, oil- water contact along fairly south –north direction with slopes up to 12:1000, particulary on the western flank of structure. Slope and direction of water level of Sirri-C ( Sivand) which is close to Sirri-D (Dena) , contain the same slope in both field, at the eastern border of field. The oil –water contact of Sirr- E, (Alvand) field has been constructed with good accuracy and fair probability in 1978. As a result, this modeling was confirm with actual result after full field development of this field on 2002. An entirely original study has been undertaken on residual oil of core, which permitted to characterize various zone as well as modern and fossil interfaces, and proved Hydrodynamic activity in the Mishrif reservoir in western part of Persian Gulf ( Sirri District). This study was carried out, with an approach to combined reservoir characterization , and revealed accuracy of results after full development of these fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Providing a model of indigenous R&D activities in new product development (Case Study:dairy industry)
seyed rohollah faraji hossein adab jalal haghighat monfaredThe present era is the era of knowledge and technology. In such circumstances, companies will be successful in using research and development activities in technical and economic fields and recognizing the existing local conditions to develop a strategy for the developm MoreThe present era is the era of knowledge and technology. In such circumstances, companies will be successful in using research and development activities in technical and economic fields and recognizing the existing local conditions to develop a strategy for the development and design of new products.The purpose of this research is to present a conceptual model of indigenous research and development activities in new product development in the dairy industry. This research is applied in terms of results and is an exploratory research in terms of purpose. The qualitative part approach is based on the Grand Theory strategy. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview with 18 managers and experts in the field of research and development in the dairy industry. Sampling was performed in a purposeful and judgmental manner. The results are about causal conditions, internal and external Organizational trends.The main phenomenon is the indigenous of research and development activities. Interfering factors included organizational capabilities, legal factors, management potential and attitudes, and changes in the public environment. Underlying factors are the structure of the idea and the product, the market structure of the industry, the consumer approach, the institutional basis of research and development. Strategies include research and development knowledge mechanisms, training and human resources,financial resources, risk management, competitive and strategic mechanisms, coping with institutional weakness and customer focus. Implications also include improving the company's financial indicators, offering new products and services, improving position and productivity,exporting and upgrading indigenous knowledge and skills. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Graded Introversion and Moral Motivation in the Philosophy of Action in Mullā Ṣadrā
Mehdi ZamaniFollowing a descriptive-analytic approach, the present study investigates Mullā Ṣadrā’s view of moral motivation. He has provided two types of explanation, quiddative and graded, for man’s source of motivation for doing acts in his works. In his quiddative explanation, MoreFollowing a descriptive-analytic approach, the present study investigates Mullā Ṣadrā’s view of moral motivation. He has provided two types of explanation, quiddative and graded, for man’s source of motivation for doing acts in his works. In his quiddative explanation, in line with his preceding philosophers, he attributes motivation to the first loop of the origins of emanation of act, that is, cognition and imagination. However, in most cases, he believes that the main source of motivation is related to the second loop or desire. The desire emerging after perception (concept and judgement) and before free will (consensus and resolution) motivates the doer. Accordingly, the doer might perceive and affirm the goodness of the act but not feel enthusiastic about it. However, it is also possible that they do not put their mind to doing the act they feel enthusiastic about. Hence, a contingent relation develops among the three stages. Based on the ontological and graded explanation, there is a profoundly essential unity among perception, desire, and free will, which can be interpreted as “graded introversion”. Mullā Ṣadrā’s belief in three factors, including the flow of knowledge, desire, and free will all through existence; the single identity of the soul and the unity of potentials and acts, and the dual cognitive-motivational role of practical reason, are the reasons that can contribute to explaining this type of introversion in his approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Exploration the Nature of Educational Action from the Viewpoint of End-Means Schema
khosrow BagheriSubordination of educational action to End-Means schema is controversial in philosophy of education. Disagreements on this schema are due to different reasons, such as the conflict between this schema with student autonomy and the undermining of moral aspects of educati MoreSubordination of educational action to End-Means schema is controversial in philosophy of education. Disagreements on this schema are due to different reasons, such as the conflict between this schema with student autonomy and the undermining of moral aspects of education in this model. On the other hand, the exclusion of educational action from the End-Means schema raises, in turn, some challenges. In order to take an appropriate position on this matter, this paper criticizes the Aristotelian distinction between praxis and poises based on the Islamic conception of action. Based on this critique, an extended version of End-Means schema is introduced for all human actions. Then, the educational action is first explained in terms of an interaction, namely a combination of two actions of educating and being educated issued by the educator and the pupil respectively and each of these actions is analyzed in relation of the suggested schema. In the end, it is shown that how the suggested schema is free from the weaknesses and defects of the traditional explanation of action. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - The Nature and Realm of Responsibility of Human from the Perspective of Sartre and Islamic View of Action
The aim of this study is a comparative analysis of the nature and the realm of responsibility from the perspective of Sartre and Islamic view of action. In order to do this, two methods of conceptual analysis and comparative analysis were used; using the method of conce MoreThe aim of this study is a comparative analysis of the nature and the realm of responsibility from the perspective of Sartre and Islamic view of action. In order to do this, two methods of conceptual analysis and comparative analysis were used; using the method of conceptual analysis, the nature of human responsibility, regarding to the nature of human and its freedom in both views, was examined and then, their similarities and differences were comparatively analyzed. The comparison was analyzed from four aspects of the origin of responsibility and the criteria (nature of responsibility), absolute/bounded responsibility and individual/social responsibility (realm of responsibility). First, despite the initial similarities between the two perspectives on the origins of responsibility, these are distinct by considering the concept of abandonment. Second, these two views, according to two aspects of the objective/subjective and absolute/relative of the responsibility criteria, are naturally different. Being absolute/ bounded, as the third component, makes the two views closer together in the responsibility realm. Fourth, individual/social responsibility of acts deals with the comparative study of this realm from another perspective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - The status of massive open online courses (MOOCs) in breeding students' moral responsibility with an emphasis on actor- network philosophical theory
saeed zarghami hamrahThe goal of this research is investigate the position of MOOCs in breeding students' moral responsibility with an emphasis on actor- network theory. The present research is philosophical and conceptual and linguistic analysis and transgressive logical analysis. Document MoreThe goal of this research is investigate the position of MOOCs in breeding students' moral responsibility with an emphasis on actor- network theory. The present research is philosophical and conceptual and linguistic analysis and transgressive logical analysis. Documents analyzed included views of experts, books, background studies and related research in the field. Findings of the research showed; based on the theory of actor- network and the simultaneous function of man and technology and their interactions between each other, MOOCs is not a neutral tool and can has a dual position is constructive and unconstructive in breeding students' moral responsibility. On the one hand, through changing the role of the teacher and the student, the application of interactive approaches in teaching, the development of specific competencies and the development of educational justice have provided a basis for breeding responsibility. On the contrary, due to the non-presence, unconditional acceptance of all applicants, crowded classrooms, the existence of false identities and the possibility of unknowing learners have reduced student responsibility. Based on the theory of actor network and the intermediate, symmetric and network look at humans and artifacts, it can be concluded the technology of MOOCs through changing the nature, interests and intentions of the actors provides background for training their moral responsibility or irresponsible. But this lackage can be filled by interacting with the learning environment and using more than multimedia technologies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Exploring and Criticizing Childhood images in Act of Iranian Preschool Curriculum
Narges SajadiehThis paper aims to deduct the concept of childhood presumed in the "Guide of the curriculum and educational and training activities of preschool" document and criticize it. For this purpose, hidden childhood images supposed in this document was explored. Then, these ima MoreThis paper aims to deduct the concept of childhood presumed in the "Guide of the curriculum and educational and training activities of preschool" document and criticize it. For this purpose, hidden childhood images supposed in this document was explored. Then, these images were criticized. While in internal critique, inconsistencies were explained, in external critique, these images were examined from the view of Islamic theory of action. The method of inferring childhood images was transcendental analysis and content analysis. Also, whereas the internal critique has done was conceptual structure evaluation, the external critique has done by constant comparative analysis. After examining the document, seven childhood images were inferred: the child as an organism, the child as a mechanism, the child as the capital, the child as a pre-adult person, and the child as a potentially innocent person. The most important incompatibility that was found in the document emerged between the child as an organism and the child as a mechanism. In the external critique, the childhood images in Islamic Theory of Action were listed as "child as a pseudo-agent" and "child as a wildflower which relies on a caretaker". Our findings showed that the curriculum framework does not consider due attention to the young age of the plant and its dependence on the caretaker. Furthermore, the image of child as machine wasn't considered acceptable for humans, whether children or adults. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - An Explanation of Children's Literature in the Educational Realm: From Actual Challenges to the Ahead Horizons
Narges Sajadieh Zohreh SadeghiChildren's literature has consistently been one of the best means for child education. However, despite its effectiveness, this means has always confronted conceptual challenges regarding its nature; challenges that undermine it compared to other educational means. This MoreChildren's literature has consistently been one of the best means for child education. However, despite its effectiveness, this means has always confronted conceptual challenges regarding its nature; challenges that undermine it compared to other educational means. This article intended to look at "children's literature" from an educational perspective and while formulating present conceptual challenges, prepares some solutions for them in order to maintain children’s literature as an educational means. Applying the conceptualization method, we formulated these conceptual challenges and then, based on the Islamic action approach and applying implicit deductive method, we proposed some solutions for them. The main conceptual challenges formulated in terms of dualism concerning instructional-literary, global-local, expression of reality-censorship, and fantasy-reality. At the second step, we identified our position about these challenges: literary structure-educational content, and literary creation-educational reading as the solutions of the first challenge; recognition of a multi-layered human identity, and intellectual dynamics of identity-layers as the solution of the second challenge; gradual encountering with reality as the solution of the third challenge; and a bound between fantasy and reality as the solution of the fourth challenge. These solutions can redefine the position of children's literature in the field of education and open new horizons in front of educators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - A Philosophical Investigation of the Reasons for the Moral Practice of Organ Donation and Introducing Educational Principles and Methods to Persuade Trainees to Do it Based on the Islamic Perspective of Action
Morad Yaridrhnavi hamid BalochiAccording to the teachings of the Holy Qur'an, God considers saving the life of one human being equal to saving the lives of all human beings. In contemporary medical and treatment culture, organ and tissue donation is one of the modern ways to treat humans ad save thei MoreAccording to the teachings of the Holy Qur'an, God considers saving the life of one human being equal to saving the lives of all human beings. In contemporary medical and treatment culture, organ and tissue donation is one of the modern ways to treat humans ad save their lives. Practicing this moral and human value can help realize this divine teaching. This moral and value action has been investigated in different fields of research such as medicine, psychology, sociology, etc., nevertheless, it has not been studied from the perspective of education. In this regard, the present study pursued two objectives. First, the various reasons and factors expressed in persuading individuals to do the moral act of organ donation were categorized and explained from a philosophical viewpoint, and then by adopting a philosophical perspective (Islamic perspective of action), the educational foundations, principles and methods of persuading trainees to do this moral actin were deduced. For the first objective of the research, the descriptive-analytical method was used and for the second objective, Frankena's reconstructed model was utilized as the research methods. The results showed that the reasons for persuading individuals to do this moral action can be classified into four areas: intellectual, emotional, psychological and sociological. In accordance with the three principles of human practice from the Islamic perspective of action, the three educational principles including raising awareness about the moral action of organ donation, emotional transformation about it and making grounds for trainees to voluntarily do it, along with direct, semi-direct and indirect educational methods to realize these principles were recommended to act as guidelines for internalizing and persuading trainees to do organ donation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - The challenges of Iranian pilgrims' decision for Arbaeen foot-pilgrimage
Gholamreza Seddigh Oraei mahdieh bagheri Shahide Seddigh OraeiThe Arbaeen foot-pilgrimage bears a prominent place in Iranians' religious beliefs. Facing numerous challenges, Arbaeen pilgrims set out this journey should the challenges are met. This study, therefore, deals with the challenges of Iranian pilgrims during the Arbaeen w MoreThe Arbaeen foot-pilgrimage bears a prominent place in Iranians' religious beliefs. Facing numerous challenges, Arbaeen pilgrims set out this journey should the challenges are met. This study, therefore, deals with the challenges of Iranian pilgrims during the Arbaeen walk and the way they deal with the problem. The required data were collected through "ethnography", using "grounded theory" to analyze the data. To this end, 39 pilgrims who participated in Arbaeen 2018 walk were interviewed along the way to Karbala. The challenges regarding decision-making were summarized in the main category labeled as "the challenges regarding obstacles and lack of requirements". The challenges listed under the "the lack of requirements" includes: "travel expenses," "ability to walk," "finding the right (appropriate) fellow traveler", "providing a suitable time for travel", "the possibility of achieving the goal", "travel facilities like transportation, accommodation, food, health, familiarity with the way and destination". The major sub-categories of "obstacles challenges" include: "prohibition made by such actors as the government, employer, training centers, spouse, and parents", "conflicting interests derived from job commitment, child- care commitment, and social pressure generated by fellow citizens and commitment to them", and "feeling insecure". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Investigating the Influence of Human Resources Management Activities on Customer Loyalty in the Hoteling Industry Using a Multilevel Approach
zahra Nikkhah-Farkhani Mohammad shaykhzadeConsidering the fact that customer loyalty is regarded as one of the most important concerns of hotel managers, this study sought to investigate the influence of human resources management activities on customer loyalty using a multi-level approach. The statistical popu MoreConsidering the fact that customer loyalty is regarded as one of the most important concerns of hotel managers, this study sought to investigate the influence of human resources management activities on customer loyalty using a multi-level approach. The statistical population of the study comprised of managers, staff, and customers of four-star and five-star hotels in Mashhad. Moreover, the statistical sample size of the research at the organization level consisted of thirty-four, one-hundred and forty, two-hundred and forty managers, staff, and customers at organizational, staff, and customer levels, respectively. On the other hand, Sam’s 12-item questionnaire (2008) and the 17-item questionnaire developed by Al-Rafiei et al. (2013) were used to measure the human resources management activities and the staff’s satisfaction and loyalty, respectively, whose validity and reliability was tested using the Content validity method and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Finally, HLM 7.02 and the SPSS software were used to analyse the collected data. The results proved the positive influence of human resources management activities on the staff’s satisfaction and loyalty, and in turn, on the satisfaction and loyalty of the customers. Therefore, it could be argued that hotel managers can increase the loyalty of their customers by emphasizing human resource management activities and improving their staff’s satisfaction and loyalty, which would increase the profitability of hotels in the long term by reducing marketing costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - A Comparison Analysis of Conventional Classifiers and Deep Learning Model for Activity Recognition in Smart Homes based on Multi-label Classification
John Kasubi Manjaiah D. Huchaiah Ibrahim Gad Mohammad Kazim HooshmandActivity Recognition is essential for exploring the various activities that humans engage in within Smart Homes in the presence of multiple sensors as residents interact with household appliances. Smart homes use intelligent IoT devices linked to residents' homes to tra MoreActivity Recognition is essential for exploring the various activities that humans engage in within Smart Homes in the presence of multiple sensors as residents interact with household appliances. Smart homes use intelligent IoT devices linked to residents' homes to track changes in human behavior as the humans interact with the home's equipment, which may improve healthcare and security issues for the residents. This study presents a research work that compares conventional classifiers such as DT, LDA, Adaboost, GB, XGBoost, MPL, KNN, and DL, focusing on recognizing human activities in Smart Homes using Activity Recognizing Ambient Sensing (ARAS). The experimental results demonstrated that DL Model outperformed with excellent accuracy compared to conventional classifiers in recognizing human activities in Smart Homes. This work proves that DL Models perform best in analyzing ARAS datasets compared to traditional machine learning algorithms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Socio-Cultural Impacts Assessment of the Construction of a wet market in Helikooptersazi neighborhood in Karaj
Borzoo MorovvatThe present paper is derived from a study conducted in 2020 under the title “Social and cultural impacts of the construction of a wet market in Karaj region 7”. The most important purpose of this study is to make sure the designed project conforms to the surrounding soc MoreThe present paper is derived from a study conducted in 2020 under the title “Social and cultural impacts of the construction of a wet market in Karaj region 7”. The most important purpose of this study is to make sure the designed project conforms to the surrounding social and cultural context and also to improve their interaction and effective relationship. Considering that the design and construction of the wet market have both positive and negative effects and impacts – on the one hand, its establishment and operation can cause problems and difficulties for the neighbors and local residents of the project, and on the other hand, it can contribute to economic benefits, social justice, and reducing intra-city traffic – it reveals the necessity of research on social and cultural effects and impacts. The research method of this study is a combination of quantitative (survey) and qualitative (field observation and in-depth interview) research. Qualitative methods have been used for exploratory studies and quantitative methods have been used to ascertain the findings of those studies. Findings of the research indicate that the most important effects based on size and scope, extent, frequency, and composition are: 1- Demographic changes 2- Assessing people’s perceptions about public health and safety (traffic and pollution) 3 - Disruption of daily life 4- Assessing the change in commercial centralization of the community 5- Impact on business and employment 6- Assessing the formation of attitudes towards the project 7- Assessing the activities of the stakeholder group 8- Trading real estate and land. Finally, a smart monitoring system is developed to reduce the negative impacts of the design and construction of the wet market and strategies to strengthen the positive impacts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Social Impact Assessment (SIA): A Review of SIA Procedure in Malaysia The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 5(4), 4550-4557, 2018
Mohammad Mujaheed Hassan Ali Hatami (Persian translation)Social Impact Assessment (SIA) essentially is an individual report or a subfield of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). It is demarcated as the social sciences required in developing a knowledge base to provide a systematic assessment, in advance of the impacts, MoreSocial Impact Assessment (SIA) essentially is an individual report or a subfield of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). It is demarcated as the social sciences required in developing a knowledge base to provide a systematic assessment, in advance of the impacts, on the day-to-day quality of life of persons and communities whose environment is affected by a proposed project, plan or policy change. SIA is a platform for diverse groups and people in a community to voices out their need and concern. SIA are the ‘people impacts’ of development actions. Social impact assessments focus on the human dimension of environments, and seek to identify the impacts on people who benefits and who loses. New provision has been enforced in January 2017 to the Malaysia SIA procedure. Therefore the objective of this paper is to review the new provision and procedure of SIA enforcement in Malaysia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Power Structure and Its Relation to Family Instability (National study in Iranian society)
forozandeh jafarzadehpourThe structure of power in the family is an important issue that affects the stability of the family. In recent decades, various changes have taken place at different national levels and also within the Iranian family, which has left an impact on family stability. The ma MoreThe structure of power in the family is an important issue that affects the stability of the family. In recent decades, various changes have taken place at different national levels and also within the Iranian family, which has left an impact on family stability. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between power structure and its relationship with family instability in Iran. This study has investigated the relationship between two variables using the secondary analysis method of 3819 married people in the National Family Survey data. The structure of power in three indicators of power construction, freedom of action and exercise of power, the method of exercising power with relevant sub-indicators and family instability in three indicators at the levels of action (marital conflict, and violence) and attitude (attitude to divorce) were studied under sub-indicators. Findings show that while the overall power structure in the Iranian family is significantly symmetrical, some indicators of power such as freedom of action and the exercise of power and methods of exercising power have significant effects on marital conflict, violence and divorce attitudes and increase family instability. In order to reduce divorce and increase family stability, it is necessary to allocate various programs and services, including counseling, etc., to families with more marital conflicts and families where more violence is reported. Men and women also have different attitudes toward the power structure and attitudes toward the consequences of divorce, and women are more tolerant of the consequences of divorce. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control of an Active Front-End Rectifier with Dynamic References and Comparison with MPDPC Method
Ayyoub Keshvari Mohammad Reza Alizadeh Pahlavani Arash Dehestani KolagarIn this paper, a finite-control-set model predictive control method is presented for closed loop control of an active front-end rectifier. The method used has a discrete-time function and does not require any additional modulators. The interesting point in the control a MoreIn this paper, a finite-control-set model predictive control method is presented for closed loop control of an active front-end rectifier. The method used has a discrete-time function and does not require any additional modulators. The interesting point in the control algorithm is how to control the dynamic references. The control strategy is able to provide proper references for source active power and DC voltage, without the need for additional control loops. In order to better understand the performance, the proposed control method is compared with the model predictive direct power control (MPDPC) method. The results obtained using Matlab/Simulink software show that the proposed method, while having all the capabilities of the MPDPC method, including proper tracking of active power and DC voltage and low current THD, by removing the PI controller and its related disadvantages, it has better stability and faster transient response. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Analyzing of Henry Corbin’s view in Symbol Exegesis and Active Imagination role in understanding of Islamic Theosophical texts
عبدالله رازTheosophical texts are among the most important and considerable part of our heritage. These texts include useful experiments for today addressees. In different periods, interpreters and addressees according to different mind and knowledge fields had different views MoreTheosophical texts are among the most important and considerable part of our heritage. These texts include useful experiments for today addressees. In different periods, interpreters and addressees according to different mind and knowledge fields had different views about these works. Nevertheless it can be said that the way of texts exegesis is always opened. These texts must be reviewed according to different views in different ways. Also their teachings and their fluid mystical language are interpreted according to needs and mental fields and also internal tendencies of addressees and researchers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Reading the "narrative" of Architectural Works; A Solution to Improve the Design Ability of Architecture Students
Hanieh Basiri zoheir mottakiNarrative has existed in all known human civilizations as a tradition and has always been considered as a structure that transmits human knowledge and ideas and the achievement of their lived experiences. Accordingly, theorists have considered human life as a narrative MoreNarrative has existed in all known human civilizations as a tradition and has always been considered as a structure that transmits human knowledge and ideas and the achievement of their lived experiences. Accordingly, theorists have considered human life as a narrative life and even scientific theories as constantly modifiable narratives that provide an explanation of the world and try to have the power to predict and control the world. Therefore nowadays, the use of narration method in active education has received a lot of attention. According to the role of narration in understanding the world and human experience, various articles point out that the use of narration in educational methods can increase the transfer of learning. Also by creating awareness, enthusiasm and participation, increase curiosity and creativity and better understanding of the subject under study. Therefore, this article, which is considered applied research goal, with a qualitative research strategy and with reference to documentary and library studies and with an interpretive approach, tries to explain the concept of narrative and constructive learning environments. Explains how to read the architectural narrative of space of architectural works in design studios and how it affects students' design ability. It shows that reading the narrative of these works can appear at different levels of abstraction from description to interpretation, and by its Situatedness, Event sequenting and different world makings, provide multiple representations of reality. That can enhance students' design ability by strengthening mental imagery, visualizing the experience of substitution, and developing creative solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Hidden Veto and Its Impact on Decision-Making Process in the Security Council
رضا موسیزاده Arsalan JamshidiThis study provides a comprehensive insight and information about the concept of the right of veto and its various kinds, which practically have been formed in the procedure of the UN Security Council, and by focusing on concept of “the hidden veto”, it examines its fun MoreThis study provides a comprehensive insight and information about the concept of the right of veto and its various kinds, which practically have been formed in the procedure of the UN Security Council, and by focusing on concept of “the hidden veto”, it examines its fundamental role in decision-making process of the Security Council. In the Post-Cold War era, the use of the hidden veto, mainly in the informal consultations, by the permanent members of the Security Council has increased dramatically. The hidden veto has shown its impact on the Security Council’s decision-making process in two two ways: First, by “controlling the agenda” and preventing the Security Council from putting particular issues on its agenda or in other words “exercising the five permanent members of the Security Council’s censorship”; and second, by “blocking action” in cases in which an unwanted issue is put on the agenda of the Security Council bringing forward some issues such as “weakening the definition of the crisis under international law”, “eliminating content, softening the language and weakening the wording of resolutions”, “self-censorship and the double hidden veto”, and “the reverse veto”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Financial Action Task Force (FATF) in the Global Economy and International Politics: Analysis of the Behavior Pattern of the FATF towards Iran
Rahim BaizidiThe Financial Action Task Force (FATF) was initially established to combat money laundering, and later objectives such as combating transnational organized crime, countering the financing of terrorism, and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction were added to i MoreThe Financial Action Task Force (FATF) was initially established to combat money laundering, and later objectives such as combating transnational organized crime, countering the financing of terrorism, and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction were added to its mission. The activities of FATF are based on the 40 main recommendations of this institution, the interpretive texts of which are also attached to these recommendations. The basis for the legitimacy of the FATF recommendations is some UN conventions and resolutions. This institution gained more power, especially after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, to the point where it is considered one of the most important international regimes in the field of financial and banking standards. The main issue in this regard is the position of the FATF in the global economic system, international politics and also its behavior pattern towards Iran. In response to this question, it has been hypothesized that the FATF is part of the international banking and financial regime, which, by referring to international conventions and UN resolutions, has increased its international legitimacy and sought to It has expanded its supranational authority and influence in the fields of global economics and international politics. To address this question, we first examine the important international instruments in the field of combating money laundering that led to the formation of the FATF. Following is a trend study of the historical development of the FATF to use the descriptive-analytical method to examine the position of the Financial Action Task Force in the global economy and international politics. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of the FATF's exposure to Iran over the past two decades is presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - A Hermeneutical Contemplation on the Concept of "Discourse Action" by Mehdi Bazargan, with a Focus on the Concept of Secularism
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QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 14.2pt; line-height: 97%;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 97%; color: black;">A Hermeneutical Contemplation on the Concept </span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 14.2pt; line-height: 97%;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 97%; color: black;">of "Discourse Action" by Mehdi Bazargan,</span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 14.2pt; line-height: 97%;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 97%; color: black;">with a Focus on the Concept of Secularism</span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; line-height: 97%; mso-outline-level: 1;" align="right"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 97%; color: black;">Javad Mavizchi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">*</span></a></span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; line-height: 97%; mso-outline-level: 1;" align="right"><strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 97%; color: black;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></strong><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 97%; color: black;">Seyyed Khodayar Mortazavi Asl <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">**</span></a></span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; line-height: 97%; mso-outline-level: 1;" align="right"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 97%; color: black;">Seyyed Mostafa Tagavi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">***</span></a></span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; line-height: 97%; mso-outline-level: 1;" align="right"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 97%; color: black;"> </span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; line-height: 97%;"><span style="color: black; letter-spacing: -.3pt; mso-bidi-language: FA;">"Mehdi Bazargan," as one of the most prominent figures of the enlightened religious intellectual movement in Iran, while expressing devotion to religion, made significant efforts in the realms of thought and political action. Nevertheless, one of the questions about him concerns his relationship with "secular thought," as numerous statements suggesting his non-secular interpretation are juxtaposed with ample evidence placing him within the realm of secular scholarship. This article aims to utilize a hermeneutic interpretive approach, particularly drawing on the narrative of "Quentin Skinner," to answer the question of whether Bazargan was secular or not. Based on this, the primary question of this research, focusing on Skinner's specific interpretive model that emphasizes understanding the "author's intention" and the necessity of "understanding the intended speech act" within a linguistic framework, is examined to evaluate the proposition. In the course of this research, while uncovering the subtleties and difficulties of interpreting the ideas of enlightened thinkers like Bazargan, the potential of Skinner's five-stage model emerges for understanding the analytical process, leading to the conclusion that Bazargan's views and actions, especially in his later years, exhibit a high potential and clear implications for a secular interpretation.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><strong><span style="color: black;">Keywords:</span></strong><span style="color: black;"> Bazargan, speech act, hermeneutics, secularism, and Skinner.</span></p> <p> </p> <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-no-proof: yes;">*</span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Ph.D. Student of Political Science, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">jama2018ps@gmail.com</span></p> </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-no-proof: yes;">**</span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science and International Relations, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Kh_mortazavi@azad.ac.ir</span></p> </div> <div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3"><sup><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">***</span></sup></a> <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Revolution, Institute of Contemporary History, Tehran, Iran.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Smtm38@gmail.com</span></p> </div> </div> <p> </p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Is Iran's ballistic missile test a Violation of Barjam?
ali malekiAbstract: Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action an agreement was reached on Iran's nuclear program with the P5 + 1 on July 14, 2015. And its goals are to ensure that the nuclear program is peaceful and that Iran's right to enrich itself is recognized and that Iran does n MoreAbstract: Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action an agreement was reached on Iran's nuclear program with the P5 + 1 on July 14, 2015. And its goals are to ensure that the nuclear program is peaceful and that Iran's right to enrich itself is recognized and that Iran does not acquire nuclear weapons; abolish outrageous sanctions; In this article we review the literature on the subject by studying library and Internet resources. To illustrate, Security Council resolutions include sanctions on ballistic missiles capable of carrying nuclear warheads and restrictions on conventional arms sales. But Iran's missiles are not equipped to carry nuclear weapons and are designed solely to defend the country's territorial integrity. Therefore, from the legal point of view, missile tests do not violate any of the provisions of the Security Council Resolution. And these hostile, politically motivated positions indicate that the West is monitoring Iran's defensive behavior and, if necessary, failing to fulfill its obligations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - The AbortionDue to the Mother's Hardship, in the "Family and Youth of the Population's Protection" Act
Sadegh Shariati NasabFor the first time, by the single article (Act) of the "Therapeutic Abortion Act" approved in 2005, abortion was conditionally prescribed due to "fetal disease which causes Hardship to the mother, due to fetal retardation or deformation". With the approval of the "Famil MoreFor the first time, by the single article (Act) of the "Therapeutic Abortion Act" approved in 2005, abortion was conditionally prescribed due to "fetal disease which causes Hardship to the mother, due to fetal retardation or deformation". With the approval of the "Family and Youth of the Population's Protection Act" in 2021 and the abrogation of that single article, Hardship-based abortion, has been released from merely fetal disease or defect, and generally has been expanded to "severe unbearable Hardship for the mother". This change is considered a big leap in Iran's legislation and needs to be analyzed and investigated. The purpose of this article is to analyze and explain the conditions, criteria, effects, and efficiency of Hardship-based abortion in the new law. Its method is Descriptive and Analytical. It seems that: 1. Limiting abortion to fetal disease or defects is not logically justified. 2. In some cases, the social and psychological (not physical) Hardship caused by pregnancy, is much more severe and impactful than the fetal diseases. 3. Every dissatisfaction and excuse cannot be considered as a case for a mother's Hardship; rather, the definition, criteria, and examples for Hardship, must be carefully explained. 4. The special procedure in the new Act, guarantees a thorough and comprehensive proceeding to each case. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Examining The Methods Of Compensation For Minor Damages In Iranian And British Law
Maryam Tafazoli Mehrjardi Behshid ArfaniaThe purpose of civil liability is to compensate the injured party. If the terms and conditions of civil liability of the minor guardian are met, the injured party has the right to seek compensation from the guardian. In Iranian law, the purpose of compensating the inj MoreThe purpose of civil liability is to compensate the injured party. If the terms and conditions of civil liability of the minor guardian are met, the injured party has the right to seek compensation from the guardian. In Iranian law, the purpose of compensating the injured party is to return him/her to his/her former state. This means that the damage caused should be compensated and restored in a way as if it has not been occurred at all. The minor guardian, like any other civil responsible person, is only liable for the attributable damages resulting from the minor’s act. In the common law system, civil liability arises from the act or omission, which has caused damage to the other, mainly due to the negligence of the perpetrator, and he/she must take action to compensate it. If in order to determine the pattern of care and compliance, the performance of the harmful person is evaluated with the performance of the normal person, which is sometimes related to the action of the harmful person such as probability of loss and probable damage and sometimes related to the injured person. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Explaining the family pattern in fertility with an analytical approach and referring to Quranic teachings
فاطمه فرهادیان Narges AfsharAccording to the data published by various demographic organizations, the fertility rate is decreasing in many countries of the world, including in Iran. This can be due to several reasons. Despite this, the cultural transformations during the last few decades, among ot MoreAccording to the data published by various demographic organizations, the fertility rate is decreasing in many countries of the world, including in Iran. This can be due to several reasons. Despite this, the cultural transformations during the last few decades, among other changes, stand out the most. The growth of individualism and humanistic thoughts, changes in beliefs and attitudes, the growth of secularism, transformation in family values, and reformation are among the most important developments related to fertility. The purpose of this research is to study the effective factors in fertility in the individual, family and social spheres and to explain a model for the family in the field of fertility based on reliable evidence and relying on religious teachings. Therefore, the research method in this study is qualitative and analytical. The research results showed that there is a significant relationship between the variables of individualism, modernization, religiosity, secularism and family values in families and fertility; In this sense, the higher the level of commitment to the religious beliefs of the family, the lower the levels of secularism and individualism, and the higher the level of attention to family values, the higher the fertility rate in those families. In the meantime, modernization and its consequences on the family and especially on women have contributed greatly to changing attitudes. Therefore, the most important principle is the change in attitude, belief, value and action at the three levels of the individual, family and society. Attitudes are formed over time and a transformational process, and then they become beliefs and values and finally actions, and once they are formed, it is simply not possible to change them, therefore, effective measures must be formed in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - A Critical Analysis of the Five Arguments of the Falsity of Infinite Regress of Efficient Causes in al-Asfār al-Arba‘ah
Maryam Khoshnevisan Seyyed Sadr al-Din Taheri Babak AbbasiThis study investigates and criticizes five of Mullā Ṣadrā’s main arguments for the falsity of the infinite regress of efficient causes. Given the fact that many philosophers use this principle in order to demonstrate the existence of the Necessary Being, a study of the MoreThis study investigates and criticizes five of Mullā Ṣadrā’s main arguments for the falsity of the infinite regress of efficient causes. Given the fact that many philosophers use this principle in order to demonstrate the existence of the Necessary Being, a study of the objections targeting its arguments is of great importance because of its relationship with proving the existence of God. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, four arguments have been examined and criticized separately, and the fifth argument has been referred back to the fourth in terms of content and method. These arguments include “limit and middle”, “conformity”, “the most concise and precise”, “correlation 1”, and “correlation 2” arguments. The criticisms of the arguments of the falsity of regress and the importance of the falsity of the regress of efficient causes in developing some of the arguments adduced to demonstrate the Divine Essence have provoked philosophers, both Islamic and Western, to seek for other arguments to prove the existence of God in order not to rely on the falsity of the regress of causes. It is worth noting that they have had some success in this regard. At the end of this paper, without discussing the arguments and while summarizing and concluding the remarks, the authors refer to two famous arguments: Mullā Ṣadrā’s argument of the righteous in Islamic philosophy and Anselm’s ontological argument in Western philosophy. These two arguments are semi-casual and semi-analytical because they are not based on any premise that needs to be proved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Stabilizing and Synchronizing the Islanded Microgrid with the Presence of Sensor and Actuator Fault and Cyber-Attack with Secondary Controller Design
Abdollah Mirzabeigi Ali Kazemy Mehdi Ramezani Seyed Mohammad AzimiIn many microgrid control methods, the output information of sensors and actuators of neighbouring distributed generators (DGs) is used to stabilize and synchronize voltage and frequency. Many problems such as disturbances, uncertainty, unmodeled dynamics, cyber-attacks MoreIn many microgrid control methods, the output information of sensors and actuators of neighbouring distributed generators (DGs) is used to stabilize and synchronize voltage and frequency. Many problems such as disturbances, uncertainty, unmodeled dynamics, cyber-attacks, noise, time delay, and measurement errors cause invalid data problems and errors in the system. Better microgrid control depends on the quality of data measured or sent from the output of sensors and actuators. In this paper, according to the advantages of the Cooperative distributed hierarchical control, it is used for control and synchronization in the islanded microgrid with the presence of sensor and actuator error. To synchronize DGs with multi-agent systems and communication channels, it is modeled with graph theory. To stabilize and synchronize, sensor and actuator error in the DG model is mathematically formulated. In the proof of stability and synchronization, the appropriate Lyapunov candidate is presented and the conditions of stability and synchronization are proved. Finally, to show the effectiveness of the designed controller in solving communication channel problems and verifying the presented theory, a case study is simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink software environment with the presence of error and cyber-attack of sensors and actuators. Manuscript profile -
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130 - The problem of prophecy from the point of view of Farabi and Ibn Meimoun
Mohammad Ali AkhavianThe issue of "prophecy" has long been the focus of philosophers' discussions. This research uses a library method to analyze the truth of prophecy between two philosophers, one from the Islamic school and the other from the Jewish Sharia. From the point of view of both MoreThe issue of "prophecy" has long been the focus of philosophers' discussions. This research uses a library method to analyze the truth of prophecy between two philosophers, one from the Islamic school and the other from the Jewish Sharia. From the point of view of both philosophers, man was created to achieve true perfection and happiness, and the only way to reach true and lasting happiness is through the existence and guidance of the Prophet, and following the Prophet's instructions will make them reach It becomes perfection and happiness. In this research, firstly, we independently stated the views of both philosophers in relation to prophecy, and at the end of the research, we determined that their views are the same in relation to the truth, necessity, attributes, levels of prophets, duties and prophetic revelation. However, in the parts related to distinguishing a prophet from a non-prophet, divine law from non-divine, the best of prophets, and the ways of receiving revelation, their views differ from each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Model of capacity building for the development of professional ethics in organizations active in the public sector
Gholamreza memarzadeh Tehran Amir masoud Natanzi karamolah Daneshfard Nazanin PilevariOne of the concerns of effective managers at different levels is how to create suitable platforms for human factors working in all professions so that they deal with their professional issues with a sense of responsibility and commitment and observe the ethical principl MoreOne of the concerns of effective managers at different levels is how to create suitable platforms for human factors working in all professions so that they deal with their professional issues with a sense of responsibility and commitment and observe the ethical principles governing their jobs and professions. The traditional concept of 3E (Economy, efficiency and effectiveness) in government management was changed to 4E and the ethical aspect of the activities of government employees was also added. Professional ethics is one of the basic issues of all human societies. Currently, unfortunately, in our society, less attention is paid to professional ethics in the work environment. In this study, "absorption and acceptance of professional ethics," "problem solving experience in professional ethics," and "professional ethics policy-making" were the components of the conceptual research model describing the development of professional ethics in the public sector. To reach the research objectives, 312 questionnaires were distributed, and the research sample encompassed 300 academic experts, professionals of state organizations involved in public sector services, especially the municipality, and professors and students in the fields of educational sciences, public administration, and educational management, who were selected using non-random purposive (Judgment) sampling and snowball sampling methods. According to the research results, the model of professional ethics development in the public sector consists of the following variables: "Professional ethics policy-making," "absorption and acceptance of professional ethics," " problem solving experience in professional ethics," Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - A Comparative Critique of the Relationship between Faith and Righteous Practice in Wahhabi and Jihadi Salafi Thought
amirabas madavifard Omid OmidianDespite the closeness of the theological foundations of Wahhabi and Jihadist Salafis, the Wahhabism's denial of the inclusion of action in the realization of faith and the jihadists' insistence on the inclusion of action in the realization of faith have placed these two MoreDespite the closeness of the theological foundations of Wahhabi and Jihadist Salafis, the Wahhabism's denial of the inclusion of action in the realization of faith and the jihadists' insistence on the inclusion of action in the realization of faith have placed these two trends of contemporary Salafism against each other in the issue of faith and disbelief. After explaining the place of conflict between Wahhabi and Jihadi Salafis, this article has analyzed the main criticisms of these two Salafi currents in this issue with the method of library analysis. The analysis of the mutual criticisms of Wahhabi and Jihadi Salafists makes it clear that both groups claim to base their beliefs on the Salaf's understanding of the Book and the Sunnah, and at the same time they insist on two completely opposite positions, which is a clear proof of the confusion of intellectual foundations. Contemporary Salafism in general and Wahhabi and Jihadi Salafists in particular. On the other hand, the Wahhabis' comparison of the Jihadists to the Khawarij and the Jihadists' comparison of the Wahhabis to the Marjie means that they clearly understand the invalidity of the Kharijite and Marjie's beliefs, and as a result, both of them have a mixed consensus on their corrupt beliefs. Although Wahhabi scholars, while exonerating themselves from takfirism, often introduce Jihadi Salafis as the promoters of takfirism due to the takfir of the people of sin, but the historical performance of Wahhabi and Jihadi Salafis shows that both spectrums of Kharijites adopted a kind of profession in the issue of faith and disbelief. And they have excommunicated Muslims without logical support. With the difference that the type of takfir of Wahhabism is disbelief in individual religious affairs and the type of takfir of jihadists is generally disbelief in social and governmental affairs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Freedom of will from view of Immanuel Kant and Mulla Sadra
Batoul Yarali Mohsenn Fahim mojtaba jafariThis essay in the field of philosofy of athics is a comparative research about freedom of will. According to Mullah Sadra, human actions are both voluntary and coercive. In his philosophy, the opposition of causal necessity to free will is one of the most important an MoreThis essay in the field of philosofy of athics is a comparative research about freedom of will. According to Mullah Sadra, human actions are both voluntary and coercive. In his philosophy, the opposition of causal necessity to free will is one of the most important and ambiguous issues. He proves the freedom of will through practical reason .He accepts a middle way in this case and calls his theory a theory of who are firmly grounded in knowledge. From this point of view, human actions are attributed to themselves on the one hand, and on the other hand, according to monotheism, actions are attributed to God. From Kant's point of view that free will is one of the fundamental foundations of his athics philosophy. He considers the desire for freedom to be inherent in human beings and man, as a rational being, has free will. According to Kant, the human will is a dependent will, but the will of God is a completely independent will. He considers theoretical reason incapable of proving the free will of man, but presupposes it in practical reason. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Application of Bio-nanocomposites in Food Packaging
Fatemeh Savojbolaghi Mahshid MaroufkhaniThe need for food packaging to maintain quality and shelf life is increasing day by day. Nanostructured materials are preferred over microstructures due to their unique physical and chemical properties and improved performance. Advanced packaging based on nanotechnology MoreThe need for food packaging to maintain quality and shelf life is increasing day by day. Nanostructured materials are preferred over microstructures due to their unique physical and chemical properties and improved performance. Advanced packaging based on nanotechnology has made it possible to preserve and transport food safely without changing the taste and quality. In addition, it prevents contamination and preserves the mechanical, physiological, physical and chemical properties of food. Various nanomaterials have been used in food packaging to prepare improved, active, smart and bio-based packaging. Smart packaging ensures food safety by detecting contamination, gases, humidity, temperature and other food parameters using sensors. With the increasing demand for the production of new, environmentally friendly and high-performance packaging, "bio-nanocomposites" have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Bio-nanocomposites are bio-based polymers that consist of two main components, one acting as a matrix called biopolymer (continuous phase) and the second as a reinforcing agent (dispersed phase) with dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nm. . Bio-based packaging is a new and new generation packaging that replaces natural polymers with synthetic plastics. In this article, recent research in the field of bio-nanocomposites has been reviewed based on the application for different needs and the possible risk of nanoparticle migration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - The Study of Activity-based Costing to Determine the Cost of Services In the Education
Younos Vakil Alroaia hossein eslami mofidabadeiEducation, which has a diverse administrative and organizational structure, needs to be able to create the necessary coordination between the resources and expenditures of current and future activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the activit MoreEducation, which has a diverse administrative and organizational structure, needs to be able to create the necessary coordination between the resources and expenditures of current and future activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the activity-based costing system to determine the cost of services in education in Semnan province. The research method was descriptive-applied and its statistical population includes the resources and expenditures of all education departments, financial managers and experts and budget officials in the education units of Semnan province. In order to collect the initial data, the documentary or library and field method has been used. Then, with the Activity Based Costing approach, the cost of current and future activities is estimated. The results are estimated during 2017 to 2020. Thus, in 2020, the highest cost price of a student among the selected cities belonged to Amirabadi city with a figure of eighty-two million five hundred thousand Rials (81,500,000) and the lowest cost price of a student unit belonged to Bastam city, which amounted to It is four million and six hundred and thirty thousand Rials (4,630,000). The results indicate that the average cost price in 1399 was twenty-six million and eight hundred and five thousand Rials (26.805.000). Also, the results showed that the cost of education services at different levels and according to the city are significantly different from each other that this difference mainly depends on the number of students, educational equipment, combination of educational levels and distance from the center has it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Role of Moral Character in Responsibility in Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas
Rahim Nobahar Mansooreh Ghanbarian BanooeeAristotle’s theory of moral responsibility, as a pioneer theory of ethics of virtue, presents a new approach to responsibility because of its particular attention to moral conduct. Aquinas, a follower of Aristotle, has provided a new interpretation of moral responsibili MoreAristotle’s theory of moral responsibility, as a pioneer theory of ethics of virtue, presents a new approach to responsibility because of its particular attention to moral conduct. Aquinas, a follower of Aristotle, has provided a new interpretation of moral responsibility with an emphasis on character and a focus on completely voluntary human acts and the role of apriori reflection on act. In the views of these two philosophers, moral agent is an agent who possesses knowledge, personality vice, and the ability to perform completely voluntary acts. Accordingly, children and animals are never subjected to moral evaluations because they lack such moral capacities and characters. Aristotle and Aquinas believe that the realm of moral agents, in addition to evil and virtuous people, includes restrained and non-restrained ones. Following a descriptive-analytic method, the present paper investigates the conditions under which the acts of moral agents are subjected to ethical evaluations in the views of Aristotle and Aquinas. Based on the findings of this study, those acts that become the subjects of moral responsibility must be done voluntarily based on the moral character of the agent as a non-accidental stimulus for act, even if they do not originate in deliberation and are not based on prior decision making. This is because sudden acts also originate in certain sources and function as clear references for moral evaluations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Explaining the moral atmosphere of academic activists with emphasis on Giddens' theory of construction
Ehsan Rahmani khaliliThe moral atmosphere of the university in institutions and organizations originates from two important sources, which include the agents of organizations and organizational construction. Giddens believes that structures are created both by the hands of human actors and MoreThe moral atmosphere of the university in institutions and organizations originates from two important sources, which include the agents of organizations and organizational construction. Giddens believes that structures are created both by the hands of human actors and are the means by which such action takes place. Structures are created by humans. But they also limit and make human action possible. In this article, with the theoretical approach of Giddens, the explanation of the attitude of students in creating an academic moral environment was discussed, and to what extent the evaluation of the structure of the university and academic agents in explaining the attitude of students to create Moral atmosphere is effective. The present research is of explanatory type and in terms of method, it is considered as a survey research. The statistical population of the present study includes students of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch in 2019. The data collection tool in this research is a researcher-made questionnaire which after examining its validity and reliability by combining cluster sampling and disproportionate classification and determining the sample size using Cochran's formula, was administered to 381 B.S, M.A and M.S students are implemented. Findings indicate that the variable of evaluation of the university structure directly affects the creation of ethical atmosphere and evaluation of academic actors indirectly affects the creation of academic ethical atmosphere among students through the evaluation of the structure of the university Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - The Systematically Reviewing Studies Related to Academic Procrastination to Identify a Model and Theoretical Framework
mojtaba beyrami parvin kadivar hadi keramati mehdi arabzadeh Javad KavousianAbstract: The aim of the present study was to systematically reviewing studies related to academic procrastination to identify a model and theoretical framework. This re-search was a secondary study and according to the implementation method was consi-dered as a systema MoreAbstract: The aim of the present study was to systematically reviewing studies related to academic procrastination to identify a model and theoretical framework. This re-search was a secondary study and according to the implementation method was consi-dered as a systematic review. By searching in valid data-bases and studies that have dealt with the issue of academic pro-crastination from various aspects in the period of 2001-2021 and based on the PRISMA method, after identifying 1645 ar-ticles and screening 154 articles, among them 43 articles were selected for review.The results showed that predictors and correlators of academic procrastination were classified in five psychological approaches including: personality, contextual-environmental, cogni-tive- neuro-logical, emotional, and motiva-tional-volitional and categorized by internal and external consequences. The results of this classification led to the presentation of a comprehensive theoretical framework entitled the "Pentagon model of academic procrastin-ation" in which the inter-action between approaches and outcomes were emphasised. Based on these results, practical and research suggestions were provided for further research in the field of academic procrastination (passive and active(. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Analytical Pattern of Behavior from Social-Political Action
Rahim Abolhasani<p><!-- [if !mso]> <style> v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} </style> <![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> More<p><!-- [if !mso]> <style> v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} </style> <![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>AR-SA</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> 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</style> <![endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 97%;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 97%; color: black;">Analytical Pattern of Behavior </span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 97%;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 97%; color: black;">from Social-Political Action</span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span class="rynqvb"><strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></strong></span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.1pt; text-align: right;" align="right"><span class="rynqvb"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Seyyed Rahim Abolhasani</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">*</span></span></a></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span class="rynqvb"><strong><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></strong></span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; text-indent: 14.2pt; line-height: 97%;"><span style="color: black; letter-spacing: -.3pt; mso-bidi-language: FA;">To understand the reasons for people's participation in social and political arenas, various analytical patterns can be utilized. The purpose of this article is to present a suitable analytical model for comprehending and delineating the causes and contexts of the social-political behaviors and actions of individuals for future research. This research attempts to answer the question of how political participation can be analyzed using a model. By employing an analytical-descriptive method and drawing on a theory based on social-political behavior, it is possible to provide an analytical model for political participation. Thus, we aim to integrate the micro and macro levels of analysis and compare the main explanatory variables of behavior in interaction with each other. The influential variables on individuals' social action motivations are categorized into internal (values, beliefs, and emotions) and external (goal-oriented) factors.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; text-indent: 14.2pt; line-height: 97%;"><span style="color: black; letter-spacing: -.3pt; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> </span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; text-indent: 14.2pt; line-height: 97%;"><span style="color: black; letter-spacing: -.3pt; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> </span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><strong><span style="color: black;">Keywords:</span></strong><span style="color: black;"> Analytical pattern, behavior or action, inclinations and tendencies, attitudes and perceptions, stimuli and environmental and structural factors.</span></p> <p> </p> <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.1pt; text-align: justify;"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">*</span></span></a><span class="rynqvb"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Tehran, Iran</span></span><span class="rynqvb"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.1pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="rynqvb"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">abhasani@ut.ac.ir</span></span></p> </div> </div> <p> </p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Shape memory polymers: Structure, mechanism, functionality, and applications
Hamidreza Haydari Marziyeh HosseiniIn the last three decades, many researches have been conducted in the field of shape memory polymers, and in the past few years, the interest in research in this field has received a lot of attention. In this study, a comprehensive and complete review of the structure, MoreIn the last three decades, many researches have been conducted in the field of shape memory polymers, and in the past few years, the interest in research in this field has received a lot of attention. In this study, a comprehensive and complete review of the structure, mechanism, model and applications of this category of polymers has been done. In general, the mechanisms of shape memory polymers are divided into three groups: direct thermal induction, indirect thermal induction, and optical induction, and each has its own switch unit that controls the shape structure. These switches have amorphous and semi-crystalline phase, which are defined in two phase and molecular levels. Also, increasing the mechanical properties, including the strength and toughness of shape memory polymers, is of great importance, which can increase their efficiency. Shape memory polymers can be used in medical, aerospace, textile and other industries. In the textile industry, the electrospinning process is used as a simple and efficient method for the preparation of shape memory polymer fibers and the development of their structure, and the mechanism and method of preparation of these fibers will be investigated. In the last three decades, many researches have been conducted in the field of shape memory polymers, and in the past few years, the interest in research in this field has received a lot of attention. In this study, a comprehensive and complete review of the structure, mechanism, model and applications of this category of polymers has been done. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Investigation of the relationship between tectonic morphological indices and seismic acceleration in Indes, Aipak, Avaj and Kushk-e-Nusrat fault zones (northwest of Saveh)
bahar Rezaei nahal Mohsen Pourkermani M. Zare M. Dehbozorgi R. NozaemThe northwest zone of Saveh city is located in the Indes, Kooshk e Nosrat, Avaj, and Aipak fault zones. Indes, Kooshk e Nosrat, Avaj, and Aipak faults are considered the major faults in central Iran, which are also active in the Quaternary, and their last movements are MoreThe northwest zone of Saveh city is located in the Indes, Kooshk e Nosrat, Avaj, and Aipak fault zones. Indes, Kooshk e Nosrat, Avaj, and Aipak faults are considered the major faults in central Iran, which are also active in the Quaternary, and their last movements are attributed to the present time. Therefore, the estimation of morphometry to identify the effect of active tectonics on the tectonic evolution of drainage basins seems necessary. In this study, six important morphotectonic indices were analyzed including the longitudinal gradient of the river, asymmetry of the drainage basin, hypsometric integral, drainage basin shape, the ratio of the floor width to the valley height, and mountain front. To model the formation of basins in the studied area, Arc Hydro software (Arc GIS add-ins) was used based on data derived from a digital elevation model. Then, 6 morphotectonic indices were compiled and classified on each of the basins. Finally, the Active Tectonic Index (IAT) was calculated, according to which the study area was classified into 4 categories including very high, high, intermediate, and low tectonic activity. According to the IAT index, 5% of the study area shows very high tectonic activity, 25% of the studied area has high tectonic activity, 65% of it has average tectonic activity and about 5% of the tectonic activity is low. Moreover, seismic acceleration was prepared to confirm the result of morphological indices in the estimation and analysis of active tectonics in the region. In this study, the highest level of tectonic activity can be seen in the north-eastern part of the area. In most sectors, the level of activity is high and intermediate, which is related to the activity of Kooshk-e-Nosrat, Aipak, and Avaj faults. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Analyzing Ethic Values in Samak-e-Ayyar: a Semiotic Approach
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} </style> <![endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">The present research has investigated the value system of Ethics in Samak-e-Ayyar using the analytical descriptive method and relying on the semiotics approach.The main problem of the research is: what mechanisms are used for the production of</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">EthicValues in Ayyari discourse? How Ayyari has changed the boundaries between reality and idealism that leading to changing the normal and common values to idealistic and even mythical ones? The data have been selected purposefully and based on action discourses from Samak-e-Ayyar.The results indicated that Ayyari divides the social and cultural functions and even the usual value system into extra-value types such as collectivism, myth-centric, risk acceptability, adaptability, renewability, and other pioneering values in the lifestyle of actors.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Keywords: semiotic, value system, Ethic, action discourse, ayyari.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;"> </span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Introduction</span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">The oldest and most valuable book in which the value system of Ayyari discourse can be searched is the story of Samak-e-Ayyar which has been written by Faramarz Ebn Arrajani. The word “Ayyari” is derived from the Persian word “yar” (korban, 2004: 170). Semantically, Ayyari refers to the brotherhood and friendship among them (means the Ayyar). Samak-e-Ayyar forms value spaces where values enter into challenges with each other, compete, prove, or disapprove of each other, and at the end, a more valuable space is formed. This new value space or value system belongs to the Ayyari discourse. The present research seeks to find the answer to this main question: How do Ayyari action discourses produce Ethic values through which they will be able to achieve their goals? finding an answer to this question, and the mechanisms used to form the Ethic value system by the Ayyar is the goal of the present research. The hypothesis of the present research is that the Ethic value system in Ayyari produces an ideal transactional morality system which is very important in this discourse. </span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;"> </span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Research Background</span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Ghobadi and Nouri (2007) believed that works such as Samak-e-Ayyar and Hossein Kurd Shabestari have been influenced by Shahnameh. Qanadzadeh</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">(2007)</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">believed that Heroic and Ayyari discourses can be found in the culture of Iranian even before Islam and up to now, they remained a social value in different periods in different forms. Panahi (2009) has concluded that the term chivalry is rooted in the Quran and Hadith and its most important components are not seeing fairness and forgiveness. Pushneh (2012) examines the value system in ethical discourse with a semiotic approach and in a descriptive-analytical way. This study shows that the flow of meaning-making or the formation of values is dynamic and in this way, the subject passes over ordinary human beings. Alavimoghadam and Jafarpour (2013) investigated the epic narratives of Ayyarin. They also studied the historical background of chivalry and Ayyari in Samak-e-Ayyar and Darabnameh and they concluded that Ayyari is a social and moral movement whose formation dates back to the pre-Islamic Period. After Islam, it took an Islamic color. Ayyari has transformed over time and has been supported by the people of Iran and the West. Bahamani</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">(2017)</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">investigated the narrative and semantic features of Ayyari in AbuMuslimname based on the semiotic approach. The results showed that Ayyar changes their actions for the benefit of another one based on his logical calculation. It should be noted that these actions are done voluntarily.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;"> </span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Theoretical Framework</span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The theoretical framework of the current study is semiotics, especially the value system from the semiotic point of view. Semiotics is a combination of semantics and semiology that integrates meaning and perception to produce meaning in different formats. In the semiology tradition of structuralism, the relationship between the signifier and the signified is studied without the presence of a human agent (Shairi and Vafai 2018).</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Shairi and Seyedebrahimi (2021) believed that we should tend the title of the semiotics of value so that based on it, we would be able to explain the value-oriented aspects of the actions of the actors as well as their presences. Semiotics of the value teaches us that the universe needs care, therefore to realize such care it is necessary to be an interpreter and to participate in the creation of situations that open the way to interpret the world (Shairi and Seyedebrahimi2021: 194). They also believed that three kinds of value can be found in the discourse: Linguistic, Ethical, and Aesthetic.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">From Saussure's point of view value is obtained by differentiation and meaning is a product that exists between words. Saussure divides the relationships and differences between the elements of a language into two areas: syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations. Each of them creates a certain category of values based on Saussure (2001: 176-177).</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Shairi (2011) believes that value can be considered as the smallest unit of meaning which is the product of the system of opposition. He considers effective factors such as dissymmetry, orientation, reversibility, and supplementary conditions for the formation of values.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;"> </span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Data Analysis</span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">After analyzing the data, the following values were found in the Ayyari discourse. These features are shown in the table 1 below: </span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Table 1: Structural and semantic forms of Ethic values in Ayyari discourse</span></p> <p> </p> <div align="center"> <table class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 347.3pt; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext;" border="1" width="463" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; height: 17.5pt;"> <td style="width: 131.2pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.5pt;" width="175"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Semantic form</span></strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 106.3pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.5pt;" width="142"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Structural form</span></strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 109.8pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.5pt;" width="146"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">The values produced by Samak</span></strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; height: 24.1pt;"> <td style="width: 131.2pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 24.1pt;" width="175"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Collectivism- respect for the others</span></p> </td> <td style="width: 106.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 24.1pt;" width="142"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Partnership</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Additive</span></p> </td> <td style="width: 109.8pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 24.1pt;" width="146"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">we-centered instead of I-centered/</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Reversibility</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; height: 58.85pt;"> <td style="width: 131.2pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 58.85pt;" width="175"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Creating a new perspective-collective wisdom, </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Dedication, self-sacrifice for serving the society, and collectivism</span></p> </td> <td style="width: 106.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 58.85pt;" width="142"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Inaugural</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Multifaceted</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">(Chivalry such as-other courage, thought, empowerment)</span></p> </td> <td style="width: 109.8pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 58.85pt;" width="146"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Generalizability value permeability value/</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Risk-taking value/</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">pioneer value</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; height: 17.85pt;"> <td style="width: 131.2pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.85pt;" width="175"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Expansion-supra ideational</span></p> </td> <td style="width: 106.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.85pt;" width="142"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Multifaceted</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">(Respect, greatness, thought)</span></p> </td> <td style="width: 109.8pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.85pt;" width="146"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Myth-centered value</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; height: 24.15pt;"> <td style="width: 131.2pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 24.15pt;" width="175"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Guarantee of action-</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Continuation of action</span></p> </td> <td style="width: 106.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 24.15pt;" width="142"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Belief</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">certainty</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">birth</span></p> </td> <td style="width: 109.8pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 24.15pt;" width="146"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Elevation- oriented/</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">oath to</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Superior force- centered (God)/</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">renewable value</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; height: 23.25pt;"> <td style="width: 131.2pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 23.25pt;" width="175"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Achieving the goal and fixing the defect</span></p> </td> <td style="width: 106.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 23.25pt;" width="142"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Thought-oriented</span></p> </td> <td style="width: 109.8pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 23.25pt;" width="146"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Value of wisdom and prudence</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; height: 30.85pt;"> <td style="width: 131.2pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 30.85pt;" width="175"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Righteousness-</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Alignment with thought and honesty</span></p> </td> <td style="width: 106.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 30.85pt;" width="142"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">The sameness of the power relationship/</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Conformity of words and actions</span></p> </td> <td style="width: 109.8pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 30.85pt;" width="146"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">The value of justice, chivalry, honesty, and trustworthiness</span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: #202124; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> </span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Conclusion</span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">This research was looking for an answer to the question of which mechanisms are used to produce the Ethic value system in Ayyari discourse. For this purpose, after examining the active discourses of Samak-e-Ayyar it was shown that the value system in Ayyari first of all is something cultural that can be spread in society. Meta-values are formed by Ayyari discourse such as chivalry and gallantry. Ethics does not forget the cultural perspective and draws a vision for itself according to the cultural accumulations to lead to idealization. Risk-taking is among the value criteria in the discourse that Ethics produces in Ayyari. In the inner layers of the discourse, there are many social and cultural themes such as pioneering, risk-taking, trustworthiness, myth-centered, penetration and</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">wisdom, merit of justice, and truthfulness.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;"> </span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Keywords: </span></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">semantic sign, value system, Ethique, action discourse, ayyari.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;"> </span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">References</span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Afshari, Mehran (2015) Obituaries and Khaksarieh’s treatise (30 years), Tehran Cheshmeh publishing.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Alavimoghadam, Mahyar, and Milad</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Jafarpour</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">(2013)</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">the theme of ayari and chivalry and its inductive educational teaching in the textual epics of Persian literature, fifth volume, number 3, PP. 13-36 University of Esfahan.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Al-rrajani faramarz ebn Abdullah al-katib</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">(1984) Samak-e-Ayyar, volume</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">(1-5)</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Introduction and Correction: Parviz Natel Khanlari, Tehran, publications of Iran culture foundation.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Babak, Moein, Morteza (2014) meaning as a lived experience Tehran Sokhan.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Bahar, Mehrdad (2014) Ancient sports of Iran and its roots, year 1, number 2, p 140.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Bahmani, Kobra</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">(2016) Narrative analysis of ayyaran and presentation of its semantic model based on abu Muslim nameh” two. Narratology Quarterly, year 1, number 1, PP. 27-50.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Ferdinand, de Sussour (2001) Basics of constructivism in linguistics translated by Koresh Safavi in constructivism, post-structuralism and literary studies by Farzansojodi, Tehran, art department.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Fontanille, J (2008) Pratique et éthique: la théorie du lien, Protée, 36(2), 11- 26.</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">‏</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Fontanille, J & Zilberberg, C (1998) Tension and signification, Sprimont- Belgique, Pierre Mardaga.</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">‏</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Greimas, A, J (1987) De l’imperfection (Périgueux: PierreFanlac) Trad: Raúl Dorra, De la imperfección.</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">‏</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Landowski, E (2004) Passions sans nom: essais de socio- semiotique III, Presses universitaires de France</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Levinas, S, E (1994) Theorie de L'Intuition Dans La Phenomenologie de Husserl, paris, Librarie Philosophique</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Panahi, Mahin, (2008)” Chivalry, synonyms and its components in mystical texts” Literature research journal, number 4, pp21-220.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Pushneh, Athena (2012) Value system in ethic discourse based on the story of “dar khame rah”. the second. conference national literary criticism with the semiotic approach, Tarbiat Modares.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Qanadzadeh, Siddique (2007) investigation of ayari ritual in the history of Iran, teaching and learning researches. 2, number 7, consecutive 7, PP. 1-16.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Qobadi, Hosseinali and Ali Nouri</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">(2007) “The effect of ferdowsi’s</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">shahnameh on ayyari literature”. Persian language and literature quarterly of the former publication of Tabriz University faculty of literature in 1971 spring and summer 2007, no, 201, PP. 63-96.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Saki, mohammadreza and Reza Komasi (2014) comparative study of ayyari religion in Iran and chivalry in the West. Comparative literature studies. number 32, year 8, PP. 79-96.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shairi, Hamidreza (2006) Semantic analysis of discourse, Tehran, samt publication.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Shairi, Hamidreza & Taraneh Vafaei</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">(2009) Phoenix, a way to the sign of fluid semantics, Tehran company scientific and cultural publication.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Shairi, Hamidreza & Fatemeh</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Seyed Ebrahimi</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">(2021)</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">criticism of the translation of the semiotics book, from Hard Semiotics to soft anthropological signs, a critical research paper on humanities texts and programs of the year 21st number one. PP. 177-199.</span></p> <p> </p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - A Review of Thermal Actuation Methods for Thermally-Activated Twisted and Coiled Polymer Actuators
Mohammadamir Bakhshi Ali Moazemi Goudarzi Fattaneh MorshedsoloukRecently, a new type of artificial muscle called thermally activated twisted and coiled polymer actuators (TCPAs) has garnered significant attention. These actuators are primarily made from fishing lines or sewing thread, and when actuated by heat, they can contract alo MoreRecently, a new type of artificial muscle called thermally activated twisted and coiled polymer actuators (TCPAs) has garnered significant attention. These actuators are primarily made from fishing lines or sewing thread, and when actuated by heat, they can contract along their length to produce linear displacement. The low production cost, silent operation, high power-to-weight ratio, and the ability to generate significant displacement in response to thermal stimuli are among the advantages that have made these actuators more appealing compared to other conventional actuators. They are thus emerging as a suitable option for various applications, such as robotics, smart textiles, energy harvesting systems, and more. These actuators (TCPAs) operate by leveraging the expansion and contraction properties of polymer fibers, which are initially twisted by an electric motor and then coiled into a spring-like structure. This construction method enhances the strength and efficiency of the TCPAs. Additionally, these actuators can maintain their performance in diverse environments, including underwater and high-temperature settings. This review explores the fabrication methods, underlying principles, and thermal actuating techniques of these actuators. It also discusses their innovative and emerging applications. Furthermore, the study addresses the challenges in exploiting this technology and proposes possible solutions to optimize their performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - The position of practical reason in the completion of theoretical reason from the point of view of Avicenna and Mulla Sadra
MohammadAslam Raeisi morteza keshavarz mohammadali akhgarIn this research, by examining the views of Avicenna and Mulla Sadra, the role of action in the completion of theoretical reason, in two major schools of Islamic philosophy, namely Hikmat al-Masha and al-Taaliyyah, has been considered. The importance of this issue is du MoreIn this research, by examining the views of Avicenna and Mulla Sadra, the role of action in the completion of theoretical reason, in two major schools of Islamic philosophy, namely Hikmat al-Masha and al-Taaliyyah, has been considered. The importance of this issue is due to the explanation of the relationship between science and practice in the opinions of these two schools and the evolution of this discussion from the Peripatetic school to the transcendental wisdom. This is important among the metaphysical and moral issues related to the gap between opinion and action. The purpose of the research is to examine the relationship between practical reason - such as ethics and Sharia - and human worldly happiness and its alignment with the perfection of theoretical reason. The results of the research show that according to Ibn Sina, the perfection of the human intellect from the beastly to the useful is through the active intellect, but after the human intellect is actualized, it needs actions in order to connect to a higher intensity and level, through which it is freed from material and physical affairs. And it can be understood and united with general forms, which is the completion of theoretical reason. This theory in Mulla Sadra's opinion, since it considers the soul as the physicality of occurrence, it is also valid in the levels of potential intellect to the actual, that is, there is a two-way relationship between opinion and action in the levels of the soul in the physical, exemplary and rational world. The explanation of Avicenna's and Mulla Sadra's opinions in the field of Islamic philosophy shows the evolution and approach of this theory more clearly, which is analyzed in this research based on the method of dialogue between their opinions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Criticism and review of the views of theologians about the creation of actions based on the theory of Sadr al-Mutalahin Shirazi
Ozra Yousefi Seyyed Hassan Bothaie Mohammad Reza Motaqian Rohollah NadAliThe issue of "deterrence and free will" is one of the important theological and philosophical issues of human voluntary actions. The thinkers tried to explain the truth and dimensions of this issue based on their religious, scientific and epistemological foundations and MoreThe issue of "deterrence and free will" is one of the important theological and philosophical issues of human voluntary actions. The thinkers tried to explain the truth and dimensions of this issue based on their religious, scientific and epistemological foundations and assumptions. Some were inclined to the theory of determinism and others to the theories of free will. Acknowledging the monotheism of verbs, Ash'ari theologians believe that all the verbs of the servants are God's creation and man is the only current acquirer that God creates by man's hand. Mu'tazila, motivated by the negation of evils from God, have denied the issuance of the verb ``Abd'' from God, and consider ``Abd'' as the origin of optional verbs. Sadr al-Mutalahin, by using rational reasons and revealed principles, has sought to gather the will of man and monotheism of actions. In this research, the Ash'areh principles and Mu'tazila principles about the voluntary actions of man are explained and the analysis and criticism of Mulla Sadra's principles about the voluntary actions of man are explained and its relationship with the monotheism of verbs is analyzed and researched according to rational and narrative reasons. It will be said that the authentic view of Imamia is Mulla Sadra's view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Exploration and evaluation of the philosophical foundations of Reggio Emilia's educational theory: a view from the perspective of the Islamic approach of action
narges sajadeh Zahra SaberiThe current research has been carried out with the aim of evaluating the feasibility of benefiting from one of the popular pre-primary educational approaches in the world, by exploration the philosophical foundations of Reggio Emilia educational theory and evaluating it MoreThe current research has been carried out with the aim of evaluating the feasibility of benefiting from one of the popular pre-primary educational approaches in the world, by exploration the philosophical foundations of Reggio Emilia educational theory and evaluating it based on the Islamic theory of action. In this regard, applying the method of conceptual analysis, linguistic analysis, and regressive logical analysis, we have deduced the basic components of the philosophical foundations of this theory and criticized them based on the Islamic theory of action. One of the results of this research is the inference of twelve philosophical components as the anthropological, epistemological, and axiological foundations of this theory, including the uniqueness and decency of children and the value of their intellectual and practical independence. In addition, the theory of Reggio Emilia has adopted a social constructivist approach to knowledge and has focused on the value of justice and democracy as its governing spirit. The results of evaluation suggest that while the Reggio Emilia educational theory has unique attributes and valuable educational advancements, it is necessary to have a careful scrutiny about it and resolve its challenging aspects before its implementation. Criticisms of this kind entail: taking a reductive approach and oversighting the spiritual essence of the child; an overly simplistic and idealistic portrayal of the child; a lack of clarity regarding realism versus constructivism, alongside potential risks of radical relativism in epistemology; as well as deficiencies in accommodating absolute and conditional values alongside the variable values in the axiological realm. To address these concerns, a reconstructive approach could entail: acknowledging an overlap relation between the spiritual and the physical dimensions, taking a balanced view on the child, positioning realism as a focal point while constructivism orbiting around it, emphasizing both absolute and conditional values, and maintaining a balanced emphasis on rationality and equity in democracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Investigating the Relationship between Depression and Physical Activity Index Following Short-Term Stress Induction: An Animal Study
Maedeh Poureskandar Saleh Rahmati Zahra Entezari Marzieh BalaliBackground: Examining the impact of short-term stress on depressive-like behavior and motor activity in rats is a crucial aspect of behavioral and neuroscience research. Short-term stress can influence rats' depressive-like behavior and decrease their motor activity. Th MoreBackground: Examining the impact of short-term stress on depressive-like behavior and motor activity in rats is a crucial aspect of behavioral and neuroscience research. Short-term stress can influence rats' depressive-like behavior and decrease their motor activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term stress on depressive-like behavior and the running index of male Wistar rats, as well as the relationship between the two variables. Materials and Methods: Examining the impact of short-term stress on depressive-like behavior and motor activity in rats is a crucial aspect of behavioral and neuroscience research. Short-term stress can influence rats' depressive-like behavior and decrease their motor activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term stress on depressive-like behavior and the running index of male Wistar rats, as well as the relationship between the two variables. Results: Short-term stress significantly increased the 24-hour running index (P=0.01). The depression-like behavior of rats after stress induction did not show any significant difference. There was no significant relationship between the amount of running and depressive-like behavior (P=0.13). Conclusion: Based on the present findings, short-term stress caused an increase in the activity of male Wistar rats, which was not related to depressive-like behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Ethic crimes Related to unauthorized activities related to Currency Password
Mohammad Esmaeil Abdollahi Sara Hosseinpour Chaijani<p>Economic instability, declining revenues, and government control over economic policies have led to weakening economic security in the private sector and other domestic sectors. Cryptocurrency crimes are the result of scattered tactics commensurate with the electroni More<p>Economic instability, declining revenues, and government control over economic policies have led to weakening economic security in the private sector and other domestic sectors. Cryptocurrency crimes are the result of scattered tactics commensurate with the electronic deposit and withdrawal of currency,including the use of Bitcoin, Light Coin, Atrium, and other cryptocurrencies for illegal purposes;The present article aims to investigate the crimes of illegal activities related to cryptocurrencies,which has been done by descriptive and analytical methods, while examining the concept of crimes and illegal activities in the field of cryptocurrencies to identify new methods of cryptocurrencies by criminals with Use cryptocurrencies; In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of using cryptocurrencies have been legally analyzed to provide an effective step in identifying the crimes of criminals and preventing them in order to achieve the goals of the research and reveal its dimensions. The results of the study show; Virtual and digital currencies are not in fact illegal. On the other hand, the law for their use has not been approved, except for citing Article 138 of the Constitution of 1398, which uses the currency code subject to the approval of the Ministry of Industry and Mines. Operation based on monetary and payment networks based on blockchain technology and related businesses has focused on developers or a stakeholder organization, which remains a major challenge.</p> Manuscript profile
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