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Open Access Article
1 - System Analysis of the Effects of Political Divide Developments on Urban Sprawl (Case Study: Qom City)
seyed ali hosseiniAbstract In the history of Iran's proliferation, the government, as the most important political agents, have consistently played the most effective role in the transformation of spatial structures, including cities. These changes in the role of cities and the role pla MoreAbstract In the history of Iran's proliferation, the government, as the most important political agents, have consistently played the most effective role in the transformation of spatial structures, including cities. These changes in the role of cities and the role played by the government set the stage for strengthening the city's economy, the development and expansion of cities and urbanization. The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the most important effects of political divisions on urban Sprawl in Qom using structural analysis model. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting library and field information. Data gathering tool is a questionnaire and a checklist. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using expert opinion. Structural analysis of futures research model is used to analyze the information. For this purpose, 29 factors were identified as the primary factors according to experts. Finally, the MIC MAC software was used to analyze and rank the indicators used in the structural analysis model and the GIS software to draw maps and layers of information. The results showed that improving the status of a city in the levels of country division, especially the transformation of the city into the provincial capital, can be achieved through four factors of population growth and migration, rising land prices and its stock exchange, the expansion of the state structure and the need for regional services, urban Sprawl overnight. Also based on the results of three factors, the concentration of capital in the city, the establishment of political representatives of the government and the development of industries in the city center were selected as the most important and effective political factors affecting the urban Sprawl in Qom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Analysis of the factors influencing the promotion of the levels of national divisions (Case study: Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces)
Afshin Mottaghi Arash Ghorbanisepehr Vahid AmiriCountry divisions are referred to as the process of dividing the country into smaller units, in order to facilitate its administration, distribution of facilities and public services, control over land space and facilitate the exercise of state sovereignty. In other wor MoreCountry divisions are referred to as the process of dividing the country into smaller units, in order to facilitate its administration, distribution of facilities and public services, control over land space and facilitate the exercise of state sovereignty. In other words, every government has the inevitability of managing its territorial territory and exploiting it, boosting the talents and capabilities of the regions, creating favorable conditions for improving the economic, social, political and ... state and security of the country. Divide into smaller units. Based on this, the present study is applied in terms of its purpose and is a survey in terms of its implementation. The information gathering method in this research is a web-based and field-based library method, and a descriptive-analytical survey method has been used in terms of how the results are processed and interpreted and in accordance with the qualitative strategy. Accordingly, the present study seeks to answer the following questions: What are the factors affecting the promotion of levels of country divisions in the cities of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari? The results indicate that in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, factors such as deprivation and underdevelopment of the region, geographical location and natural status of the province, remoteness and poor access of villagers to service centers and ... have played a role in national divisions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Comparative Analysis of "Book of Arda Viraf", Seir-al-Ebad, and Divine Comedy
manzar soltani کلثوم قربانی جویباریOur purpose in this article is to criticize and analyze the fictional components (story elements) in three imaginative itineraries called "Book of Arda Viraf", "Seir-al-Ebad", and "Divine Comedy of Dante" and then we would tell the reason of excellence of every one of t MoreOur purpose in this article is to criticize and analyze the fictional components (story elements) in three imaginative itineraries called "Book of Arda Viraf", "Seir-al-Ebad", and "Divine Comedy of Dante" and then we would tell the reason of excellence of every one of them over other two works. In so doing, we tried to analyze the fictional components of every one of these three and explain their brilliant differences. Mrs. "Kasreef-far" previously reviewed symbolism in abovementioned works but there is no research regarding the fictional value of these works. Therefore along with the current library method and the aim of comparison of abovementioned components we found that Seir-al-Ebad of Sanaee is superior than two other in story narrating due to the dynamism of its characters, strong theme and reasonable quarrels, fictional and surreal style of narration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Introducing and Reviewing Thoughts of Muezzin Khorasani, Mystic and Poet of 11th Hegira
تکتم بهرامی Alireza Fouladi"Muhammad Ali Khorasani" with a nickname and pseudonym called "muezzin" is one of the 11th Hegira mystic and is one the Aqtab-e Zahabiye who has legated a Divan of nearly 3700 verses. The sage Khorasani was born in Säbzĕvär and joined to Zahabiye sect in his youth and a More"Muhammad Ali Khorasani" with a nickname and pseudonym called "muezzin" is one of the 11th Hegira mystic and is one the Aqtab-e Zahabiye who has legated a Divan of nearly 3700 verses. The sage Khorasani was born in Säbzĕvär and joined to Zahabiye sect in his youth and after Sheikh Hatam Zaravandi, leader of the sect on that time, was assigned to this position. Khorasani muezzin like many mystic-poets applied his mystical thoughts in poetry arena. Though he lived in 11th Hegira, his poems can be regarded as the continuation of Iraqi Mystical style poem. His poems are simple, fluent and adsorbent. There are lots of words about true love in his poems, and Sufi thoughts have deep reflection in its core and surface. His divan was not corrected and published, but the author has corrected it based on its 4 versions as his MA thesis and has used many of wise guidance of thoughtful master, Dr. Alireza Fuladi. It is tried in this essay to introduce this poet and provide an outline of his thoughts which are clearly and brilliantly obvious in his poems for readers, so that they can have at least a brief familiarity with this poet of Ahl-e Beit of Prophet and his thoughts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Analyzing Container Schema in the Representation of Water and Fire in Rumi’s Poems Based on Cognitive-Cultural Linguistics
d vaseqhiThe present paper aims at studying the relationship between language and cultural conceptualizations in Rumi’s poems. In order to do so, the cultural linguistics theory adapted for identifying the cultural-metaphorical system of Persian language as well as the historica MoreThe present paper aims at studying the relationship between language and cultural conceptualizations in Rumi’s poems. In order to do so, the cultural linguistics theory adapted for identifying the cultural-metaphorical system of Persian language as well as the historical and mythological model of "water and fire". Water and fire representations are quite frequent in the six chapters of Masnavi-e Ma’navi and in Divan-e Shams. Rumi has referred to the Classical elements in 1888 verses. He used water in 524 verses and fire in 574 verses. Water and fire as two opposing elements of the classical elements have two distinct characteristics in the natural world. But these two elements have supernatural features and depict a kind of long-standing contradiction of mind and love in literary concepts and metaphors, especially the mystical ones when occurred within one verse. The purpose of this study is to achieve an understanding of the cognition through the utilization of container schema of the words Del (heart), head, and eye. By investigating the functions of these schemata, a more accurate understanding of the individual and social characteristics of this poet would be obtained. The main achievements of this research are as follows: 1. In Persian literature, Del represents intuitive understanding, and the eye represents the apparent senses (five senses) and is the most frequent tool for the perception of reality. The frequency of Del schema in Rumi's poems compare to the eye schema somehow shows Rumi's intuitive personality. 2. Head in Persian is the container of concepts related to thought, but in the Rumi's poems, it is the container of the terms related to love. The concept of love as an entity in the head as the container has been expressed in different words in the poems of Rumi. Analyzing these words expresses passionate love and, to some extent, the love between friends in Rumi's emotional view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Analyzing Container Schema in the Representation of Water and Fire in Rumi’s Poems Based on Cognitive-Cultural Linguistics
fariba sadeghi roya sedigh ziabari reza kheirabadiThe present paper aims at studying the relationship between language and cultural conceptualizations in Rumi’s poems. In order to do so, the cultural linguistics theory adapted for identifying the cultural-metaphorical system of Persian language as well as the historica MoreThe present paper aims at studying the relationship between language and cultural conceptualizations in Rumi’s poems. In order to do so, the cultural linguistics theory adapted for identifying the cultural-metaphorical system of Persian language as well as the historical and mythological model of "water and fire". Water and fire representations are quite frequent in the six chapters of Masnavi-e Ma’navi and in Divan-e Shams. Rumi has referred to the Classical elements in 1888 verses. He used water in 524 verses and fire in 574 verses. Water and fire as two opposing elements of the classical elements have two distinct characteristics in the natural world. But these two elements have supernatural features and depict a kind of long-standing contradiction of mind and love in literary concepts and metaphors, especially the mystical ones when occurred within one verse. The purpose of this study is to achieve an understanding of the cognition through the utilization of container schema of the words Del (heart), head, and eye. By investigating the functions of these schemata, a more accurate understanding of the individual and social characteristics of this poet would be obtained. The main achievements of this research are as follows: 1. In Persian literature, Del represents intuitive understanding, and the eye represents the apparent senses (five senses) and is the most frequent tool for the perception of reality. The frequency of Del schema in Rumi's poems compare to the eye schema somehow shows Rumi's intuitive personality. 2. Head in Persian is the container of concepts related to thought, but in the Rumi's poems, it is the container of the terms related to love. The concept of love as an entity in the head as the container has been expressed in different words in the poems of Rumi. Analyzing these words expresses passionate love and, to some extent, the love between friends in Rumi's emotional view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Pattern of the History of Knowledge and the Resurrection of Meaning in Shahaboddin Yahya Sohrewardi's Thought
Zahra Mahouzi Ghobadi Ahmad Pakatchi maryam آخسسثهدهThe history of knowledge that is considered by Sohrewardi in Hikmat-Al-Ishraq follows a pattern that has been formulated before him in the Sufi texts. This historical pattern which is based on a hadith attributed to the Prophet (peace be upon him) foretells the future o MoreThe history of knowledge that is considered by Sohrewardi in Hikmat-Al-Ishraq follows a pattern that has been formulated before him in the Sufi texts. This historical pattern which is based on a hadith attributed to the Prophet (peace be upon him) foretells the future of esoteric knowledge of Islam after the Prophet. As to the fate of divine knowledge on earth, this pattern defines three stages: the era of knowledge by presence, the era of assenting meaning to the word, and the period in which metaphor is converted to symbol. Sohrewardi refers to this historical pattern and completes it by presenting a certain definition of the Divine Hakim and his role in interpreting the mysteries of the mystics. By this action, he makes a commentary on the history of knowledge. The fourth stage that Sohrewardi adds to this historical pattern is the resurrection stage of meaning to its truth, and it can be defined only by reference to the totality of Sohrewardi's intellectual system. The present article attempts to extract this historical pattern from the Sufi texts and then explains Sohrewardi's role in completing it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Antigone of Sophocles and Athenian Democracy
مصطفي يونسيThe main purpose of this article is to find the relation between political implications of Sophocles’s Antigone and “Athenian Democracy”. To do so, we have used a structuralist approach the main feature of which is exploring binary oppositions in the text which in turn MoreThe main purpose of this article is to find the relation between political implications of Sophocles’s Antigone and “Athenian Democracy”. To do so, we have used a structuralist approach the main feature of which is exploring binary oppositions in the text which in turn results in finding the oppositions within the political-social life that provides a ground for the creation of the text. From the point of view of political thought, the most prominent opposition in the tragedy of Antigone which creats a network of oppositions around itself, is the one drawn between “family”- with its values- and “political system” and the relationships among the citizenry. The importance of this opposition has been confirmed by Christian Meier, Jean Pierre Vernant, Charles Segal, and even Micheal Zelnak.It reveals a transition to the epoch of citizenry’s relations. It also caused the confrontation between “unwritten divine laws” and “man-made written laws”, the opposition that is the main focus of the present article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Examination of Political Participation among Iranian Society’ Middle Class
hassan abnikiStudies show that there is a significant relationship between political participation of individuals and their social class. In other words, a similar behavior pattern can be seen regarding political participation among individuals belonging to a special social class th MoreStudies show that there is a significant relationship between political participation of individuals and their social class. In other words, a similar behavior pattern can be seen regarding political participation among individuals belonging to a special social class that can be extended to all of this class. Here in urban middle class, knowing political behavior and the kind of its political participation based on this class’ significance in urban democratic class is very important, because of the importance of this class in modern democratic systems. Iranian urban middle class has played an important role in important historical intervals and in political and social events especially after constitution revolution. In this essay, it is cleared through the political participation of middle class that high political consciousness among the middle class along with high education and their high job position has been led to reducing political participation and shaping political discontent among the members of the middle class. The findings of this research show that the main problem of middle class is the political problem. In fact, Iranian new middle class feels the most inability and incapacity in the politics due to its fairly appropriate economic status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Analysis and assessment of Diversity and Tolerance in the Political Thought of John Rawls
ali alihoseiniThis paper aims to examine the question of how we can respect multiculturalism and at the same time defend the rights of the individuals against ethnic minorities and cultural groups? In response to the question, we examined Rawls's strategy mentioned in his book of "po MoreThis paper aims to examine the question of how we can respect multiculturalism and at the same time defend the rights of the individuals against ethnic minorities and cultural groups? In response to the question, we examined Rawls's strategy mentioned in his book of "political liberalism" emphasizing on the separation of rationality from reasonableness. But at the end it becomes clear that Rawls's definition of reasonableness is extremely strict and restrictive, and in spite of the distinguishing rationality and reasonableness can be a good basis for tolerance in multicultural societies, but this definition is highly detrimental to this goal. This research has exploited interpretive approach, conceptual analysis and critical assessment as the theoretical strategies and based on this fact, it deals with the issue of cultural diversity as a context of forming the subject introduction and also considering Rawls's theory of justice as background in which the idea of reasonableness and rationality was born and grown. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigation of birds' density and species diversity of Amir-Kelayeh international wetland during a 10-year period (2007-2016), based on winter census
Hadi Pourmosa shaykhAlikelayeh Saeid NaderiAmir-Kelayeh international wetland is as one of the important wintering habitats for birds. In present study, the density and diversity of bird species (waterbird, wader and terrestrial bird dependent to the wetland) has been studied in Amir-Kelayeh international wetlan MoreAmir-Kelayeh international wetland is as one of the important wintering habitats for birds. In present study, the density and diversity of bird species (waterbird, wader and terrestrial bird dependent to the wetland) has been studied in Amir-Kelayeh international wetland based on the semi-winter birds census data, over a 10-year statistical period. During this ten-year period, the total number of 334776 birds from 46 different birds species was recorded in this wetland. Among the studied years, the highest number of 72188 birds in 2008 and the lowest number of 1877 birds in 2015 have been counted. In terms of quality and food items, this wetland and it's around paddy fields is a good refuge for the Anatidae and Rallidae family that with 64.86 and 50.06 percent of frequency depending on their diet, have the most abundant among the identified family. The biodiversity indexes showed a relatively high amounts, but with a declining trend, and also the index of species evenness indicated a stable trend during this 10-year period in Amir-Kelayeh Wetland. Considering the decreasing trend of biodiversity indexes in Amir-Kelayeh wetland in recent years, increasing the wetland ecological conservation through the management plans such as habitat structure conservation, and illegal hunting and pollution control is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Performance Analysis of SVM-Type Per Tone Equalizer Using Blind and Radius Directed Algorithms for OFDM Systems
Babak Haji Bagher NaeeniIn this paper, we present Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based blind per tone equalization for OFDM systems. Blind per tone equalization using Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) and Multi-Modulus Algorithm (MMA) are used as the comparison benchmark. The SVM-based cost funct MoreIn this paper, we present Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based blind per tone equalization for OFDM systems. Blind per tone equalization using Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) and Multi-Modulus Algorithm (MMA) are used as the comparison benchmark. The SVM-based cost function utilizes a CMA-like error function and the solution is obtained by means of an Iterative Re-Weighted Least Squares Algorithm (IRWLS). Moreover, like CMA, the error function allows to extend the method to multilevel modulations. In this case, a dual mode algorithm is proposed. Dual mode equalization techniques are commonly used in communication systems working with multilevel signals. Practical blind algorithms for multilevel modulation are able to open the eye of the constellation, but they usually exhibit a high residual error. In a dual mode scheme, once the eye is opened by the blind algorithm, the system switches to another algorithm, which is able to obtain a lower residual error under a suitable initial ISI level. Simulation experiments show that the performance of blind per tone equalization using support vector machine has better than blind per tone equalization using CMA and MMA, from viewpoint of average Bit-Error Rate (BER). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - PSO-Algorithm-Assisted Multiuser Detection for Multiuser and Inter-symbol Interference Suppression in CDMA Communications
Atefeh Haji Jamali Arani paeez azmiApplying particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has become a widespread heuristic technique in many fields of engineering. In this paper, we apply PSO algorithm in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multipath fading channels. In the proposed method, PSO algor MoreApplying particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has become a widespread heuristic technique in many fields of engineering. In this paper, we apply PSO algorithm in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multipath fading channels. In the proposed method, PSO algorithm was applied to solve joint multiuser and inter-symbol interference (ISI) suppression problems in the code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems over multipath Rayleigh fading channel and consequently, to reduce the computational complexity. At the first stage, to initialize the POS algorithm, conventional detector (CD) was employed. Then, time-varying acceleration coefficients (TVAC) were used in the PSO algorithm. The simulation results indicated that the performance of PSO-based multiuser detection (MUD) with TVAC is promising and it is outperforming the CD. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - GoF-Based Spectrum Sensing of OFDM Signals over Fading Channels
Seyed Sadra Kashef paeez azmi Hamed SadeghiGoodness-of-Fit (GoF) based spectrum sensing of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals is investigated in this paper. To this end, some novel local sensing methods based on Shapiro-Wilk (SW), Shapiro-Francia (SF), and Jarque-Bera (JB) tests are first MoreGoodness-of-Fit (GoF) based spectrum sensing of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals is investigated in this paper. To this end, some novel local sensing methods based on Shapiro-Wilk (SW), Shapiro-Francia (SF), and Jarque-Bera (JB) tests are first studied. In essence, a new threshold selection technique is proposed for SF and SW tests. Then, three studied methods are applied to spectrum sensing for the first time and their performance are analyzed. Furthermore, the computational complexity of the above methods is computed and compared to each other. Simulation results demonstrate that the SF detector outperforms other existing GoF-based methods over AWGN channels. Furthermore simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed SF method in additive colored Gaussian noise channels and over fading channel in comparison with the conventional energy detector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Optimization of Random Phase Updating Technique for Effective Reduction in PAPR, Using Discrete Cosine Transform
Babak Haji Bagher NaeeniOne of problems of OFDM systems, is the big value of peak to average power ratio. To reduce it, any attempt have been done amongst which, random phase updating is an important technique. In contrast to paper, since power variance is computable before IFFT block, the com MoreOne of problems of OFDM systems, is the big value of peak to average power ratio. To reduce it, any attempt have been done amongst which, random phase updating is an important technique. In contrast to paper, since power variance is computable before IFFT block, the complexity of this method would be less than other phase injection methods which could be an important factor. Another interesting capability of random phase updating technique is the possibility of applying the variance of threshold power. The operation of phase injection is repeated till the power variance reaches threshold power variance. However, this may be a considered as a disadvantage for random phase updating technique. The reason is that reaching the mentioned threshold may lead to possible system delay. In this paper, in order to solve the mentioned problem, DCT transform is applied on subcarrier outputs before phase injection. This leads to reduce the number of required carriers for reaching the threshold value which results in reducing system delay accordingly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - A Novel Resource Allocation Algorithm for Heterogeneous Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks
Mehdi Ghamari AdianIn cognitive radio networks (CRN), resources available for use are usually very limited. This is generally because of the tight constraints by which the CRN operate. Of all the constraints, the most critical one is the level of permissible interference to the primary us MoreIn cognitive radio networks (CRN), resources available for use are usually very limited. This is generally because of the tight constraints by which the CRN operate. Of all the constraints, the most critical one is the level of permissible interference to the primary users (PUs). Attempts to mitigate the limiting effects of this constraint, thus achieving higher productivity is a current research focus and in this work, cooperative diversity is investigated as a promising solution for this problem. Cooperative diversity has the capability to achieve diversity gain for wireless networks. Thus, in this work, the possibility of and mechanism for achieving greater utility for the CRN when cooperative diversity is incorporated are studied carefully. To accomplish this, a resource allocation (RA) model is developed and analyzed for the heterogeneous, cooperative CRN. In the considered model, during cooperation, a best relay is selected to assist the secondary users (SUs) that have poor channel conditions. Overall, the cooperation makes it feasible for virtually all the SUs to improve their transmission rates while still causing minimal harm to the PUs. The results show a remarkable improvement in the RA performance of the CRN when cooperation is employed in contrast to when the CRN operates only by direct communication. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Low Complex Standard Conformable Transceiver based on Doppler Spread for DVB-T2 Systems
Saeed Ghazi-Maghrebi Behnam AkbarianThis paper addresses a novel Alamouti space-frequency block decoding scheme with discontinuous Doppler diversity (DDoD) and cyclic delay diversity (CDD). We investigate different antenna diversity concepts, which can be applied to orthogonal frequency division multiplex MoreThis paper addresses a novel Alamouti space-frequency block decoding scheme with discontinuous Doppler diversity (DDoD) and cyclic delay diversity (CDD). We investigate different antenna diversity concepts, which can be applied to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems over highly frequency selective channels. The main object of this research is standard compatibility and the effect of simple diversity techniques on the channel fading properties. Therefore, we analyze a receiver in terms of the effective channel transfer function, which leads to the possibility of optimizing diversity. Besides, a novel transceiver using DDoD is proposed, which increases the Doppler spread of the multipath fading channel without causing additional Intercarrier Interference (ICI). Moreover, an efficient Alamouti encoder and decoder based on CDD is proposed, which allows a high reliability and capacity enhancement. In order to evaluate the capability of that, we have implemented this scheme for the second-generation terrestrial video broadcasting (DVB-T2) system over different channels. Furthermore, mathematical analysis and simulation results show the bit error performance of the modified encoding method with these diversity techniques, performs mostly better than the other forms of encoding Alamouti over highly frequency-selective channels such as single frequency networks (SFN). The other advantages of the proposed method are simplicity, flexibility, and standard compatibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Medical ethics and its place in the divine religions and Asian religions
In recent years, different religion scholars tried to reconsider their religious texts and learning to give methods and orders to their followers that response to their needs for using new medical inventions. In this study considering learning about medical ethics in di MoreIn recent years, different religion scholars tried to reconsider their religious texts and learning to give methods and orders to their followers that response to their needs for using new medical inventions. In this study considering learning about medical ethics in divine religions, we are going to show that not only these learning are not quiet and passive for emerging medical issues but also they could response to them with giving systematic orders and methods. Reviewing divine religion ethical approaches shows that they have same opinions about protecting human lives apart from racial, national and sexual differences and fighting against diseases and protecting patients; however different belief structure of these religions lead to some limitations for deciding and different therapeutic actions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The position of Text and person in conjunction of Islam and Christianity
On the one hand all religions claim salvation of their followers and on the other hand there is in all of them more or less scripture and holy person. an important question that arises here This is: which played a major role in salvation of followers? Another question MoreOn the one hand all religions claim salvation of their followers and on the other hand there is in all of them more or less scripture and holy person. an important question that arises here This is: which played a major role in salvation of followers? Another question in this context that: is there any difference between divine religions and non divine religions? Religion can be divided,, Considering the role that the "scripture" or "saint" have in human salvation,, to "person-centered religions" and "Text-based religions". Religions "pantheism" Since not believe in God distinguished and distinct from the world, belief of divine connection with the temporal, through the divine message, is not significant. This Religions based on their funder and and knows him duct Allah. In this respect called them "person-centered. But the revealed religions believe in God distinguished and distinct from world and the other side believes the relationship between the temporal world with the divine through the divine revelation. But they all have not same interpretation of Revelation. These religions can be divided to"person-centered" and "Text-based" according to their interpretation of divine revelation. Islam believe that God's revelation is in the category of message and promise. The center of gravity revelation in Islam, is Qur'an, and in Christianity, is Christ. That's why can called Christianity ,,from a different direction with "pantheism",,a religion "person-centered". There is emphasizing on saint in some Islamic groups such as Shi'ism and Sufism, but substantly the nature of this emphasis, is different with Christianity. So it should be said on the one hand "person-centered" in religions pantheistic is different with "person-centered" in Christianity, and on the other hand "person-centered" in Christianity is different with "person-centered" in Shi'ism and Sufism Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Similarity between the Qualities of God and Holy Prophet (PBUH) in Attar’s Works
Affiliation and devotion of Gnostics of the Muslim lands to the holy presence of the Islam Prophet (PBUH) has been recognized everywhere. Sheikh Attar has a special position in this regard. There are no doubt that Attar’s sayings on describing the status of Mohammedan M MoreAffiliation and devotion of Gnostics of the Muslim lands to the holy presence of the Islam Prophet (PBUH) has been recognized everywhere. Sheikh Attar has a special position in this regard. There are no doubt that Attar’s sayings on describing the status of Mohammedan Mission and Light reminds us viewpoints of scholars and experts of the Intellectual Mysticism. This paper tries to explain and demonstrate the fact that for the creator of Mantiq-ut-Tayr (The Conference of the Birds) there is no contrast between name, qualities and essence of the Prophet and the divine essence and attributes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Theological foundations for the theory of guardianship of the jurist
According to the theological arguments, guardianship and authority in its origin belongs to Allah SWT. He is the creator, the Lord, the Guardian of the whole existence. Therefor authority or guardianship of anyone else is illicit, unless the one that is permitted by Him MoreAccording to the theological arguments, guardianship and authority in its origin belongs to Allah SWT. He is the creator, the Lord, the Guardian of the whole existence. Therefor authority or guardianship of anyone else is illicit, unless the one that is permitted by Him. Having authority over others without His permission is regarded to be unacceptable, false, oppression and transgressing other people’s rights. This guardianship of Allah SWT is manifested as a divine Grace by sending of the prophets and is maintained by the infallible Imams. Since divine Grace is one of the attributes of Allah SWT and His attributes are not subject to alteration, this wise Grace is to be constant at the time of occultation as well. Here the necessity of the guardianship of the jurists as the closest people to the attributes of the infallible Imams and the most trustworthy one’s to handle the tempting position of leadership, in order to protect and continue the course of Imamate and guidance, is comprehended. This also seems to be a necessary Grace from Allah SWT. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Prophetic Image of the Prophet of Islam in Divan Ismail Esfahani and Saif Fergani
Zahra Sheihaki Behrouz roumianiBelief in prophecy is one of the principles of the religion of Islam. Faithful scholars have shown the qualities of the Prophet, Timmans and his joy for the emergence of beliefs and proximity to the prophetic tradition and persuading them to obey the carnal messenger. S MoreBelief in prophecy is one of the principles of the religion of Islam. Faithful scholars have shown the qualities of the Prophet, Timmans and his joy for the emergence of beliefs and proximity to the prophetic tradition and persuading them to obey the carnal messenger. Sayf, a mystic poet of Ferghana's profession, is familiar with the deep moral, religious, and historical events of the Prophet's epoch and, with particular attention to the sources of the soul and interpretation, with a comprehensive and artistic expression, has drawn the great events of the life of the Prophet into the field of purification and erosion. The image that he presents in Khatamalanbine's style expresses the deep devotion of this well-known poet to the Prophet Mohammad. In these lines, poetic evidence is extracted from the image of the Messenger of Nikki from the Divan Saif Farghani and descriptively-analytically, in terms of individual and social characteristics, attributes, titles, miracles and... Examined and categorized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Cognitive factors of mental pressures and its treatment based on divine clemency from the prespective of Quran
Hamidreza Hajibabaeei Zahra Rezazadeh AsgariOne of the problems of humanity is harmful mental pressures. These harmful mental pressures cause many mental and physical illnesses. Cognitive factors such as: wrong beliefs toward your self, people, social condition and nature and high and unreal worldly expectations MoreOne of the problems of humanity is harmful mental pressures. These harmful mental pressures cause many mental and physical illnesses. Cognitive factors such as: wrong beliefs toward your self, people, social condition and nature and high and unreal worldly expectations of your self and them, cause these harmful mental pressures. One way to treat these harmful cognitive factors of mental pressures is to believe in divine clemency. Divine clemency means God who is the only provider for permanent mental blessings and welfare in the worldly lives of human and in the other world. And these blessings belong only to those who believe in god and life after death, and obey divine rules and orders. Method of this research is analytical- documentary with the use of reliable and psychological interpretive resources and expresses the cognitive factors of mental pressures and its treatment based on divine clemency from the prespective of Quran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - According to Fakhr Razi, the levels of existence using philosophical words
Leila AfsariIn the present article, an attempt is made to discuss the opinion of Fakhr Razi as an Ash'ari professional commentator and theologian on the levels of existence and to explain his theological views. What can be deduced from the study of Fakhr's works is that his works c MoreIn the present article, an attempt is made to discuss the opinion of Fakhr Razi as an Ash'ari professional commentator and theologian on the levels of existence and to explain his theological views. What can be deduced from the study of Fakhr's works is that his works can be divided into philosophical theological works and interpretive works, among which his greatest commentary work, the great commentary, has a theological color and smell. Therefore, Fakhr's beliefs in explaining the levels of existence are mostly discussed with a theological approach, and what we see in this approach is the performance of three actions by Fakhr Razi. First, Fakhr considers absolute creation for the universe to be from God and seeks to prove this point. It seeks to shake these foundations and principles, and third, it proposes the theory of "spirits" as an alternative to the theory of the "peripatetic intellect." Therefore, the author's intention in this article is to explain exactly these three actions of Fakhr Razi in explaining the levels of existence and his violations and abrasions. The working method in the present article is descriptive-analytical and has been done by referring to first-hand sources and Fakhr libraries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Looking at what death is and how to deal with it inhazin Lahiji's poetry
zohreh arab Abol-Ghasem Amir-Ahmadi Ali Eshghi SardehiThinking about death is a subject whose life span is as long as the history of human life; Almost no human being can be found who has not thought about death for hours in his or her life, and perhaps it can be said that few people, like poets and philosophers, have the MoreThinking about death is a subject whose life span is as long as the history of human life; Almost no human being can be found who has not thought about death for hours in his or her life, and perhaps it can be said that few people, like poets and philosophers, have the opportunity to express their views and feelings about death and their words Make history memorable. The poet, however, has a special place in this due to his artistic point of view; For this reason, in this article, Lahiji's sad thoughts and feelings about death were evaluated. In this article, using a descriptive-analytical method, he intends to critique and analyze nostalgia in his poems by examining and exploring Lahiji's sad life. Tired, the companion of loneliness and homelessness, is portrayed with a wealth of experiences of displacement and suffering caused by civil wars and so on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The "Bestowal Theology(2)"; The Implications of the Principle of "Bestowal" in divine Attributes and acts
hasan Mohamadi ahmad abadi saeed motaqi farThe principle of "the Donor of a thing must already have it" used in Two Manners for Proving of divine attributes. In one application used for proving of Absolute perfection Attributes and in another used for proving each of the perfection attributes Including All kinds MoreThe principle of "the Donor of a thing must already have it" used in Two Manners for Proving of divine attributes. In one application used for proving of Absolute perfection Attributes and in another used for proving each of the perfection attributes Including All kinds of Divine knowledge like essential and intuition Knowledge, Knowledge to other one Before Creating, Knowledge to other one after creation, Active Knowledge and intuition Knowledge To another. As it is used in Proving of Attributes like Divine Power, Life, Will, necessity, goodness, righteousness, Simplicity, richness and ownership. This Principle also used for Proving of Basic Statements Related to divine acts Including The principle of "One", Extending existence ,the worlds of Existence, The invention of the universe and the Perfection of creation. This text, By proving the influence of this rule in most important issues of Islamic theology, justified Islamic theology as a "Bestowal theology ". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The idea of returning to the Qur'an in establishing a divine government (Focusing on the views of Martyr Motahhari and Imam Khomeini)
ehsan shakeri khoei reza nasiri hamed amir kordkarimiThe idea of returning to the Qur'an is one of the efforts made by some scholars of the Islamic world to establish divine governments in Islamic societies And the elimination of crises arising from the domination of tyrannical governments. In a way, it can be said that t MoreThe idea of returning to the Qur'an is one of the efforts made by some scholars of the Islamic world to establish divine governments in Islamic societies And the elimination of crises arising from the domination of tyrannical governments. In a way, it can be said that the thought of returning from Seyyed Jamaluddin Asadabadi began with The efforts of great thinkers such as Shahid Motahari and Imam Khomeini have continued.These two great thinkers of the Islamic world, with heartfelt belief and faith in the knot of the Holy Book, tried in practice To make Muslims aware of the effect of the Qur'an in resolving the crises of Islamic societies.With this explanation, we are going to use the theory of crises analytically, Let us examine the impact of this idea on the formation of the Islamic Revolution and say,Creating a revolutionary wave in Iran, due to the valuable efforts of these two great worlds in the practice of Quranic concepts And referring to the Qur'an, which was initially proposed in society with the aim of establishing an Islamic government centered on Velayat-e-Faqih And then it has evolved by relying on Quranic teachings; As Imam Khomeini (ra) says somewhere:"Basically, the book of our revolution is the Quran.". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - New Levels of Digital Divide Around the World
ali khalajiThis paper examines the concept of digital divide at the global level and within the countries level. To this end, we have been studying and analyzing research on digital divide in different countries and using international statistics. The research results show that th MoreThis paper examines the concept of digital divide at the global level and within the countries level. To this end, we have been studying and analyzing research on digital divide in different countries and using international statistics. The research results show that the digital divide is a broad, complex, multidimensional concept and beyond physical access to communication technologies. The digital divide,which is posed in two spheres,first international and among different countries and within the countries , can occur at four levels of access gap, gap of use and motivation, knowledge gap, and production gap. The lack of physical access to an ICT area creates an access gap between people in that area and other areas. The use and motivation gap occurs when, despite the availability of computers and the Internet, many of the population groups do not use these facilities due to lack of motivation and sufficient income. The gap in knowledge lies in the level of technological literacy and the ability to access appropriate online content and services. The manufacturing gap explains that, despite being interactive and participating in the content of new technologies, it remains far between the number of content producers and consumers. Also, the digital divide is a dynamic phenomenon, so that when the digital divide fills up at one level,at the other level, another gap is created. At the end of the study, a model is proposed for the study of the digital divide levels and the variables involved in it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - A Survey of Child Marriage in the Country with Emphasis on East Azarbaijan Province
Kamal KoohiChild marriage is one of the major challenges in the family institution and in society. Child marriage has been widespread throughout the history of societies depend on time and place. But its increase in society, especially for reasons such as poverty and the widesprea MoreChild marriage is one of the major challenges in the family institution and in society. Child marriage has been widespread throughout the history of societies depend on time and place. But its increase in society, especially for reasons such as poverty and the widespread age difference is considered a threat to the institution of the family and society. In this article, child marriages across the country are reviewed based on valid statistical yearbooks. The results of statistical analysis show that the trend of child marriage has been increasing since 2011 until 2019 and Khorasan-e-Razavi, East Azarbaijan, Sistan and Baluchestan and Khuzestan provinces are among the provinces with the highest rates of child marriage. Yazd and Semnan provinces have the least statistics. East Azarbaijan province ranks second in early marriage and child marriage as well as in divorce in the age group of 10 to 14 years. Within the provinces, child marriage is more common in the cities of Malekan, Bostanabad, Sarab and Charoimagh and the highest divorce rate was observed in early marriages in Varzaghan, Malekan, Sarab, Khodafarin, Kaleibar and Hashtrood. Therefore, for preventing, adjustment and controlling of unintended and unwanted child marriage in the community and proper management of families with child marriage, it seems that education and promotion of life skills and communication of child marriage families, education and awareness of different groups of people about child marriage outcomes, Social, Legal and Economic Prevention of child marriage based on economic poverty, creation of a database and observation of issues and problems of child marriage, employing religious leaders and community Imams in changing the stereotypes , Creating a legal obligation to deliver courses Life and marital harassment, banning abnormal age at marriage and marrying under 14, and forming medical, psychological, social, and cultural committees to guide families on the path to successful marriage are the ways in which the abnormal child-marriage rate can be decreased, Controlled and modified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The Effectiveness of Training of Emotionally-Focused Approach on Couple Burnout and Couples Tendency for Divorce
Mohammad Mohammadi Javad Ejei Masoud Gholamali LavasaniThe present research was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training of emotionally-focused approach on couple burnout and tendency for divorce in couples. The population included all the couples who visited the Health House because of marital problem and conflic MoreThe present research was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training of emotionally-focused approach on couple burnout and tendency for divorce in couples. The population included all the couples who visited the Health House because of marital problem and conflict and lack of intimacy in their relationships. In the present research, by using available sampling method, 20 couples were selected who had the highest scores in the research questionnaire, and their assigned into two groups experiment and control (10 couples per group). Data gathering tools in the present research were Pains Couple Burnout Measure (1996) and the Divorce Tendency Scale of Roswelt, Jonson &, Moro (DTS) (1986), which were completed by the participations of both groups before and after the intervention. The results of the multivariate covariance analysis suggested that the training of emotionally-focused approach has led to significant decrease in couple burnout and two components of emotional exhaustion and mental fatigue in couples of the experiment group, but it has not been effective on reducing physical fatigue of the couples. Other results indicated that tendency to divorce in couples of the experiment group has had significant reduction compared to the control group. According to the findings of the present research, it can be concluded that training of the emotionally-focused approach has been able to be effective on reducing couple burnout and tendency to divorce in couples. Counselors and family therapists can use the findings of the present research for their clinical and therapeutic interventions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - A Review of the Development of Semantics of Divine Attributes in Islamic Thinkers
Abdollah MirahmadiOne of the extensive realms of tawhidi (related to oneness of God) problems pertains to the explanation of Divine Attributes. The existence of such attributes in different Qur’anic verses and traditions has always raised a serious question among Islamic mutikallimun as MoreOne of the extensive realms of tawhidi (related to oneness of God) problems pertains to the explanation of Divine Attributes. The existence of such attributes in different Qur’anic verses and traditions has always raised a serious question among Islamic mutikallimun as to which linguistic principles could assist in grasping a correct understanding of them. In the history of Muslim thinkers three main approaches have been developed regarding the explanation of Divine Attributes: The first approach is supported by anthropomorphists (mushabbaha), literalists (hashwiyyah), corporealists (mujassamah), and then revivalists (salafiyya); while interpreting the verses on attributes based on their surface meaning, they maintain that predicative Divine Attributes can be demonstrated through assimilation and qualification. The second approach is mainly prevalent among the people of hadith; while ascribing predicative attributes to God, they are content with the mere explanation of the quality of their attribution and leave the understanding of their meanings to God. Unlike the proponents of the previous two approaches, those of the third approach, despite some methodological differences in interaction with attributes whose primary appearance is in contrast with conclusive rational principles, have adopted the method of t’awil or esoteric exegesis. A group of early thinkers and, following them, the Mu‘tazilites and Shi‘ites are among the true advocates of this approach. Here, following the method of content analysis, the author intends to provide an accurate account of these three approaches and, at the same time, evaluate their efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Plato’s Mathematical Ontology in Islamic and Western Interpretations
Mohammad Saket Nalkiashari Ali Naqi BaqershahiMathematics has always been considered to be among certain sciences; however, the objects of mathematical knowledge have continually occupied the minds of mathematicians and philosophers of mathematics. The theory stating that the objects of mathematics consist of a num MoreMathematics has always been considered to be among certain sciences; however, the objects of mathematical knowledge have continually occupied the minds of mathematicians and philosophers of mathematics. The theory stating that the objects of mathematics consist of a number of certain immaterial and separate affairs which are independent of the world of the human mind and thought has been attributed to Plato, and several realist philosophers who, in spite of all their differences, have been called neo-Platonists. Commentators of Plato have failed in providing any clear and consistent interpretation, whether in terms of ontology or semantics, of his philosophy of mathematics, which has resulted in some misunderstandings in this regard and some ambiguity in his whole philosophy. When completing his PhD dissertation at the University of Bristol, Paul Pritchard presented an interpretation of Plato’s ontology, according to which the objects of mathematics are the same sensible things. Here, the allegory of the divided line has been interpreted differently, and the existing ambiguities have been removed. In this paper, the authors have examined this interpretation and compared it with other interpretations of Plato’s ontology of mathematics. They also refer to its effects on Plato’s philosophy of mathematics in general and reveal that, unlike its traditional interpretation, his philosophy of mathematics does not conflict with Benacerraf’s identification problem. Moreover, the authors demonstrate that, based on Mulla Sadra’s arguments, the theory of Ideas is a completely consistent theory in terms of ontology and, thus, Plato’s philosophy of mathematics is a consistent body of philosophy. Manuscript profile -
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33 - The Problem of Essential Oneness and its Relationship with the Representativeness of the Unity of Concept Based on the Unity of Referent
Seyyed Majid MirdamadiIn this paper, while demonstrating the representativeness of the concept of the one based on the single referent and rejecting the possibility of abstracting the single concept from multiple referents, the writer refutes Ibn Kamuneh’s paradox regarding the argument of t MoreIn this paper, while demonstrating the representativeness of the concept of the one based on the single referent and rejecting the possibility of abstracting the single concept from multiple referents, the writer refutes Ibn Kamuneh’s paradox regarding the argument of the oneness of the Divine Essence and explains the essential unity of Almighty Truth. His paradox holds true based on the principiality and heterogeneity of existences and the principiality of quiddity; however, it is refuted based on the principiality and particular gradation of existence. This study was carried out following the descriptive-analytic method and a critical approach. Its most important conclusions include: 1) Concept and referent are essentially one; 2) Abstracting a single concept from multiple referents in terms of multiplicity is impossible; 3) Common truth is the origin of abstracting a single concept; 4) The unity of concept represents the unity of the referent; 5) Attributing the title of the necessity of existence to its truth is the same as attributing an essential entity to the essential thing, and the concept of the necessity of existence is derived from the innermost of the necessary existence without a determining and causal mode; 6) Ibn Kamuneh’s paradox regarding the argument of the Oneness of the Necessary being is rejected based on the impossibility of deriving a single concept from multiple referents, and 7) If the Necessary Being is considered to be pure existence or simple, no objection will be leveled. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - An Analysis of the Double-Sided Divisions of Existence based on Sadrian Philosophical System
Abdolal ShokrOne of the principles of existence is its commensurability with actuality, externality, and unity. Accordingly, the problem is that this commensurability requires the other divisions, i.e., potential, mental, and multiple types of existence, to exit its domain of divisi MoreOne of the principles of existence is its commensurability with actuality, externality, and unity. Accordingly, the problem is that this commensurability requires the other divisions, i.e., potential, mental, and multiple types of existence, to exit its domain of divisions. Later philosophers have tried to resolve this problem by adding two soulish and relative values. Regarding the soulish value, the actuality, unity, and externality of an existent are considered without comparing it to other existents, thus existence becomes commensurate with actuality, unity, and objectivity. Regarding the relative aspect, existences are compared to other existences, find their place in the division, and become the divided of the side in front of it. However, there is another problem because, based on the second assumption, the other side will not be compatible with the meaning of the divisions being the divided. This is because the divisions are separate from each other and have nothing in common; otherwise, the division would be meaningless. Apparently, this problem arises when dealing with the principiality of being and quiddity and ontological separation because the first division has been formed based on the philosophical system of early philosophers and is compatible with its fundamental principles. Following a comparative analytic method of content analysis, the present paper examines the roots of the changes in the double-sided divisions of existence and demonstrates that they were initially developed in the works of philosophers before Mullā Ṣadrā without taking the problem of the principiality of existence into consideration. However, they were later reinterpreted on the basis of this principle and, thus, created this problem. An analysis of this problem based on Sadrian principles could lead to an acceptable justification in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The Use of Intellect and Reasoning in Demonstrating Divine Attributes in Mullā Ṣadrā’s View
Mozhgan Fatahi Ali Arshad RiahiMullā Ṣadrā states in his works that the employment of the intellect and intellectual reasoning is efficient in the independent demonstration and understanding of divine attributes. By explaining Mullā Ṣadrā’s method of using the intellect, it becomes clear that he has MoreMullā Ṣadrā states in his works that the employment of the intellect and intellectual reasoning is efficient in the independent demonstration and understanding of divine attributes. By explaining Mullā Ṣadrā’s method of using the intellect, it becomes clear that he has formulated his discussion based on proof and has presented some extensive and cohesive discussions about divine attributes so that the most important of which have been clearly explained and demonstrated. Based on the present study, the most important philosophical arguments and principles which Mullā Ṣadrā has explained and demonstrated in this field include ontological proof, principle of “Truth in its simplicity contains everything”, principle of “The giver of something cannot lack it”, and principle of “The Necessary Being is necessary by essence from all aspects, and providence. Mullā Ṣadrā’s extensive discussions on divine attributes, which are based on rational arguments, indicate his belief in the truth of the intellect’s independent function in this field, on the one hand, and confirm its capability in the field of epistemology of divine attributes in an independent form, on the other hand. The result of this study is the development of an approach based on distinguishing the two independent and instrumental functions of the intellect, which has not been considered in other studies previously. Not distinguishing between these two functions has resulted in attributing an irrational and unverifiable or even eclectic nature to the methodology of the Transcendent Philosophy. As a case study on divine attributes, the present study explains the rational, verifiable, and philosophical dimensions to the Sadrian Transcendent Philosophy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - A Study of the Role of Qur’anic Teachings in Philosophical Theology
Aireza AsadiSome opponents of philosophy and many Orientalists believe that Islamic Philosophy simply repeats the words and views of Greek philosophers and is not only totally far from Islamic teachings but also sometimes in opposition to them. Through explaining the extent of the MoreSome opponents of philosophy and many Orientalists believe that Islamic Philosophy simply repeats the words and views of Greek philosophers and is not only totally far from Islamic teachings but also sometimes in opposition to them. Through explaining the extent of the influence of the Holy Qur’an on a rational and philosophical discussion and a study of the works of Islamic philosophers, this paper aims to demonstrate that they have benefitted from Qur’anic teachings in order to expand and develop philosophical discussions and, particularly, philosophical theology. In other words, it intends to prove that the qualitative and quantitative expansion of philosophical problems, arguments, theories, and principles in the field of philosophical theology is indebted to Qur’anic teachings. This influence is to the extent that it has led to the conceptual and structural evolution of Greek philosophy and differentiates the general approach of Islamic philosophy from Greek philosophy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Mullā Ṣadrā’s View of the Potentials originating in Man’s Rational Immateriality: Factors and Obstacles
Najimeh Mansouri Furugh al-Sadat Rahimpoor Jafar ShanazariIn Mullā Ṣadrā’s view, the soul can attain some kinds of immateriality, which can lead to the development of specific features and capabilities for human beings. The present study investigates Mullā Ṣadrā’s analysis of the quality of the soul’s attainment of different l MoreIn Mullā Ṣadrā’s view, the soul can attain some kinds of immateriality, which can lead to the development of specific features and capabilities for human beings. The present study investigates Mullā Ṣadrā’s analysis of the quality of the soul’s attainment of different levels of rational immateriality, the influential factors in this process, the existing obstacles there, and the characteristics created through this immateriality in worldly life. Upon the rational faculty’s reaching its habitual stage, the soul arrives at the borderline of rational immateriality, and utmost immateriality is gained at the level of acquired reason. The reinforcement of practical intellect, love, and prayer are among the factors affecting man’s reaching the different levels of rational immateriality. However, there are some obstacles to this process such as yielding to whims, committing sins, imitating others, and loving the world. At its lowest level, rational immateriality creates speech in human beings and makes it possible for them to distinguish between the good and evil. Through the promotion of the level of immateriality, man can consciously try to begin their journey toward God and, at the highest level, they become qualified for the station of guardianship. Given Mullā Ṣadrā’s idea of the quality of the rational immateriality of the soul, the philosophical explanation of some of the duties of the Prophet(ṣ), such as receiving revelation and developing certainty about its legitimacy, becomes possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Editor's Note
Seyyed Mohammad KhameneiCyberspace coronavirus Natural order The divine systemCyberspace coronavirus Natural order The divine system Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Strategies to deal with the collapse of the family unit based on the teachings of the Holy Quran (The verses of Surah Talaq)
Ebrahim Kalantari Fateme LayeghiOne of the harms that the local community recognizes is the deterioration of the marital bond and the collapse of the family unit due to divorces, which have many negative consequences in various aspects of human life; concerning divorce consequences, it prevents it fro MoreOne of the harms that the local community recognizes is the deterioration of the marital bond and the collapse of the family unit due to divorces, which have many negative consequences in various aspects of human life; concerning divorce consequences, it prevents it from being found of marriage. The Holy Qur'an, as the pure and important source of Islam, has offered beneficial strategies to preserve the family unit and reduce divorces. This study aimed to find the strategies to deal with the center of the collapsing family, which are stated in Surah Al-Talaq; these strategies are into two categories: action, insight, and tendency. In Al-Talaq Surah, the practical strategies are observed, including a specific time limit for divorce, the presence of a woman at her husband's home during the divorce period, a proper separation, and the presence of two just witnesses overseeing the divorce. The strategies of insight and inclination of Surah Al-Talaq are remembrance of God, invitation to piety, divine protection, divine command, belief in the resurrection, learning from the punishment of rebellious human beings of the past, paying attention to the power and knowledge of God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - A Study of the Theory of the Correspondence of Worlds and its Role in Explaining the Relationship Between Cognitive and Objective Existence of Possible Things in the Transcendent Philosophy
Ahmad GhafariSimilar to most Muslim philosophers, Mullā Ṣadrā conceives of the divine essential knowledge of possible things as prior knowledge and maintains that it is of the type of active knowledge. However, the actuality of divine knowledge in the system of the Transcendent phil MoreSimilar to most Muslim philosophers, Mullā Ṣadrā conceives of the divine essential knowledge of possible things as prior knowledge and maintains that it is of the type of active knowledge. However, the actuality of divine knowledge in the system of the Transcendent philosophy has a different meaning from its well-known interpretation. The understanding of this different meaning demands paying attention to Mullā Ṣadrā’s particular perception of the theory of the correspondence of worlds, where he emphasizes the objective correspondence of cognitive and objective worlds instead of their categorical correspondence. Following a descriptive-analytic method, this paper aims to present an accurate explanation of Mullā Ṣadrā’s perception of the theory of the correspondence of worlds. It is worth mentioning that several philosophical principles, such as “the truth in its simplicity contains all things” and “identity of collective and detailed knowledge” in the Transcendent Philosophy have been developed under the influence of this theory. Mullā Ṣadrā’s concern regarding the ontological all-inclusiveness of particular existences is the portrayal of the ontological inclusion of collective existence through some truths, each of which embodies all the behaviors and evolutions of the inferior existence similar to an all-inclusive jewel. In such conditions, the knowledge of this ontological jewel, which is considered to be the truth of the inferior existence, is the same as the knowledge of all the states and aspects of the particular existence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - New Beamforming Algorithm for Cooperative Networks with Multiple Antenna Decode and Forward Relay
Mohammad Mohammadi Amiri A. OlfatIn this paper, a cooperative network consisting of one source, one relay, and one destination is considered. The source and the destination are both single-antenna systems, while the relay is equipped with N antennas and operates in decode-and-forward (DF) mode. We assu MoreIn this paper, a cooperative network consisting of one source, one relay, and one destination is considered. The source and the destination are both single-antenna systems, while the relay is equipped with N antennas and operates in decode-and-forward (DF) mode. We assume that there is no direct link between the source and the destination. We propose two beamforming methods at the relay to transmit the data to the destination. Beamforming is performed at the relay by the assumption of having two bit quantized information about the phase of all links between the relay and the destination. We derive an upper bound on bit error probability of the system and show that the proposed scheme achieves full diversity order. Simulation results illustrate that performance of the system in terms of bit error probability is better than some well-known scenarios and is close to some scenarios with ideal assumptions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Design, Simulation and Implementation of a Compact, 6-Way Wilkinson Power Divider Using Composite Lines
M. Heydari S. RoshaniIn this paper a novel compact 6-way Wilkinson power divider coupler (WPD) using composite lines is proposed, simulated and fabricated. The proposed structure consists of a 2-way divider and two 3-way dividers. The applied dividers have equal division ratios. In the pro MoreIn this paper a novel compact 6-way Wilkinson power divider coupler (WPD) using composite lines is proposed, simulated and fabricated. The proposed structure consists of a 2-way divider and two 3-way dividers. The applied dividers have equal division ratios. In the proposed structure long quadrature wavelength lines are replaced with small composite lines, which results in size reduction and harmonics suppression. Moreover for improved output ports isolations a resistor and a capacitor are used together. The designed device correctly works on 5.1 GHz Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - A Load Balancing Scheme by D2D-Based Relay Communications in Heterogeneous Networks Signals
shahriar gholami mehrabadi yasser attar izi soroush akhlaghiHeterogeneous networks have been regarded as an integral part of fifth generation communication networks in order to respond to the unprecedented growth of required data rates. In such networks, the existence of a variety of cells with base stations of varying capacitie MoreHeterogeneous networks have been regarded as an integral part of fifth generation communication networks in order to respond to the unprecedented growth of required data rates. In such networks, the existence of a variety of cells with base stations of varying capacities and transmit powers has enabled the repeated use of available bandwidth. Moreover, the excess load on the central base station can be directed to the sub-cell base stations. In the current work, a novel approach is proposed for such a load balancing problem in which some nodes previously connected to the main base station can be served by sub-cells through the use of some D2D relays. This will increase the overall network capacity, improve the quality of service (QoS) of cell edge users, and increase covered users. In this design, the maximization of the capacity of D2D links is formulated as an optimization problem which is not convex in general. To tackle this, the main problem is divided into two sub-problems of optimal resource allocation and user-relay pairing problems with much lower complexity. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over existing works addressed in the literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Design and Fabrication of a Miniaturized Gysel Power Divider with Harmonic Suppression Feature Using Low-Pass Filter
In this article, by replacing lowpass filter in Gysel power divider configuration, a power divider with 9 harmonic suppression capability at 930 MHz has been designed analyzed and fabricated. To provide a step by step analysis, the basic resonator of the proposed lowpas MoreIn this article, by replacing lowpass filter in Gysel power divider configuration, a power divider with 9 harmonic suppression capability at 930 MHz has been designed analyzed and fabricated. To provide a step by step analysis, the basic resonator of the proposed lowpass filter has been firstly investigated and the location of the first transmission zero of it has been calculated, then, its stopband is extended by using rectangular suppressor. After replacing the designed filter in Gysel configuration, the final circuit has been fabricated and measured. The measured results indicate that the final circuit has 79% size reduction in comparison with a conventional Gysel power divider. Moreover, first port return loss, the second port return loss, the isolation and insertion loss are 16.5, 17, 36, 3.14 dB, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Design and Simulation of a RGW-Based Microwave (15-18 GHz) Power Divider/Combiner and Its Application to High Power SSPA
A. Karimi Nobandegani S. E. HosseiniIn this paper, a 1:8 Ku-band(15-18 GHz) power divider/combiner based on Ridge Gap Waveguide(RGW) technology is designed and simulated which can be extended to arbitrary 1:N power divider/combiners. In the proposed structure a piece of metal and T-junctions with multisec MoreIn this paper, a 1:8 Ku-band(15-18 GHz) power divider/combiner based on Ridge Gap Waveguide(RGW) technology is designed and simulated which can be extended to arbitrary 1:N power divider/combiners. In the proposed structure a piece of metal and T-junctions with multisection impedance matching are used. Return loss of the simulated power divider is better than -10 dB at 15-18 GHz frequency band. Also the insertion loss from input to each output is almost -9dB which was expected. Also difference between phases of the insertion loss from input port to each output port is less than 0.9 degree.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy on Distress Tolerance and Relationship Attributions in Divorcing Women
Vida Azari Kobra Kazemian moghadam Mahnaz Mehrabizadeh Honarmand: The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on distress tolerance and relationship attributions in divorced women. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, post-test and control group design. The statistical po More: The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on distress tolerance and relationship attributions in divorced women. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, post-test and control group design. The statistical population of the study included all divorced women in Behbahan in 2020. The samples of this study consisted of 30 divorced women (15 in experimental group, and 15 in control group) who were selected through convenience sampling method and according to the inclusion criteria. The experimental group participated in eight ninety-minute sessions during two months while the control group didn’t receive this intervention during the conduction of the study. Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) and Relation-ship Attribution Measurement (RAM) were the applied questionnaires. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that compassion-focused therapy has been effective on distress tolerance and relationship attributions (P<0/001). According to the findings of the present study, compassion-focused therapy can be suggested as an efficient method in order to increase distress tolerance and relationship attributions in divorced women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Middle Platonism: Introduction and Analysis of Religious and Philosophical Theorems
Mahbobeh HadinaMiddle Platonism is one of the most important philosophical-religious schools of the first century BC. While claiming to revive the original Platonic school, it is rooted in the fundamental epistemological and philosophical theorems of that time including the essence of MoreMiddle Platonism is one of the most important philosophical-religious schools of the first century BC. While claiming to revive the original Platonic school, it is rooted in the fundamental epistemological and philosophical theorems of that time including the essence of the One, God as Creator, descent of the soul, rational knowledge, and salvation. A study of middle Platonists’ works reveals that the philosophical principles of this school are mainly based on a reinterpretation of certain religious-philosophical theorems of Platonic, Stoic, Pythagorean, and gnostic schools. In fact, a clear trace of the concern for explaining the problem of the oneness and transcendence of the essence of Almighty, the quality of the creation of the world, and the presence of evil therein can be witnesses in the works of the philosophers that advocate the mentioned schools. The fundamental principles of middle Platonism are basically religious, and this school is mainly concerned with such topics as the duality of the essence of divinity in two concepts, God as the Maker or Creator of the world, the duality of the spiritual and material origin of Man and the descent of the soul, cosmology and the material structure and fate of the world, eschatology with an emphasis on the theorem of Man’s salvation through rational knowledge, and finally the discussion of ethics and the definition of its practical frameworks for attaining rational perfection, which is necessary for salvation. The present paper aims to explain and provide a comparative analysis of the principles and quality of the formation of the philosophical theorems of Middle Platonism as a philosophical-religious school. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Laws of Nature as Strategies for Man’s Happiness
S. Mohammad KhameneiThe world and nature have been created relying on certain divine rules and principles. Based on the Divine Will and pre-ordination, there is a mutual relationship and interaction not only between all the components of the world of being but also between them and the who MoreThe world and nature have been created relying on certain divine rules and principles. Based on the Divine Will and pre-ordination, there is a mutual relationship and interaction not only between all the components of the world of being but also between them and the whole world of creation. As a member of this world, Man can both affect it and be affected by it. This process has been predestined based on the main law and principle of this world, that is, the commensurability of “being” and “good”. Where there is good, there is being (and vice versa), and where there is no good, there is evil or non-being (and vice versa). The only way of attaining true happiness for Man is living in harmony with the system of nature and its governing rules. The divine tradition or the laws of nature are such that any deviation from them will lead to evil, misery, loss, calamity, disease, etc. The world (macro-anthropo) reacts to the good and bad deeds of human beings (micro-anthropo). Sin, which means any disobedience to the Divine orders or transgression from the laws of creation and nature, results in human misery and cruelty and will be followed by Divine punishment and torture. This is the point at which God’s glorious names and attributes are manifested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - God’s Knowledge of Particulars in the Views of Ibn Sīnā and Thomas Aquinas
Mohammad Mahmoodi Hossein Kalbasi AshtariOne of the fundamental questions in the field of philosophical theology is whether God has the knowledge of particulars. Some philosophers have tried to either demonstrate or deny the divine knowledge of particulars regardless of the term “God”, which is a controversial MoreOne of the fundamental questions in the field of philosophical theology is whether God has the knowledge of particulars. Some philosophers have tried to either demonstrate or deny the divine knowledge of particulars regardless of the term “God”, which is a controversial issue. In a philosophical tradition that began with Plato and Aristotle and was advocated by Ibn Sīnā, the divine knowledge of particulars is denied. However, within the framework of the same philosophical school, Thomas Aquinas, as a theologian, demonstrates this knowledge for God. In Ibn Sīnā’s view, there is a fundamental difference between quiddity and existence as two different levels of being. The Necessary Being is the cause of granting existence to quiddities and, thus, cannot know them in terms of their particulars, as they lack “existence” in separation from Him. However, Ibn Sīnā does not deny the divine knowledge of particulars through their “existence”. In Aquinas’ theological concept of God, as a personal God, the denial of the divine knowledge of particulars defaces the divine power. Moreover, in case of denying this Knowledge, Man, who is created by God, will be placed at a higher level than their Creator because they can gain the knowledge of particulars. Aquinas, who speaks as a theologian here, ignores the borderline between philosophy and theology and objects to Ibn Sīnā by stating that some universals such as “animal” and “human” cannot function as the distinctive features of a particular such as “Socrates” in comparison to others. The present paper provides a comparative analysis of the views of these two philosophers regarding God’s knowledge of particulars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The Merits and Demerits of Kings and Rulers in the Poetry of Hafiz Shirazi
Mohammad keshavarz beyzaiHafiz’s Divan deals with political and governmental themes though it is considered as mystical work. Hafiz’s interaction with kings and rulers of the time, attract his attention to their norms, politics and moral which made some of his poems. How Hafiz views the values MoreHafiz’s Divan deals with political and governmental themes though it is considered as mystical work. Hafiz’s interaction with kings and rulers of the time, attract his attention to their norms, politics and moral which made some of his poems. How Hafiz views the values and anti-values of kings and rulers, as well as the extent, examples, manner of use and purpose of using these concepts in his poems is a worthy subject which is not considered seriously until now. Therefore, this article, with a descriptive-analytical method It seeks to answer these questions: what were the merits and demerits of the rulers in Hafez's poetry and for what purpose were they reflected in his poetry? The findings show that Hafez, influenced by the general patterns of Iranian " Policy writing ", some of the moral and political merits of kings, such as: justice, culture, property management, generosity, establishment Security, and some of their inadequacies, such as: oppression, bloodshed, bigotry and arrogance in a clever and artistic way, in his poems for instructive and instructive, as well as to soften the spirit of the rulers of the time and reduce their tyranny and violence. Has done. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Making and Survey of Psychometric Features of Psychological-Marital Problems Questionnaire (PMPQ) in Women Who Field for a Divorce with a History of Early Marriage: A Mixed Study
seyed javad seifi Ghozlu Esmaeil Sadri Damirchi ALI rezaei sharif Ali SheykholeslamiThe aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire on marriage problems in women who field for a divorce with a history of early marriage. The present research method is an exploratory-confirmatory design and consists of two stages. The first step is th MoreThe aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire on marriage problems in women who field for a divorce with a history of early marriage. The present research method is an exploratory-confirmatory design and consists of two stages. The first step is the qualitative method and the exploratory method is used to make the tool. For this purpose, while interviewing 15 women applicants for divorce in the form of interviews with focus groups to the theoretical extent of data saturation, the initial form of the questionnaire was prepared. In the second stage of the research, using a quantitative method, the validity and reliability of the Questionnaire were investigated. For this purpose, 160 people were selected by available sampling from among women who field for a divorce with a history of early marriage in Ardabil in 1399, and completed the psychological-marital problems questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Hudson Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1992). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods using SPSS and AMOS software. The results showed that the psychological-marital problems questionnaire contained 28 questions and 7 approved dimensions, which are: Anxiety, depression, confusion, insecurity and pessimism, nostalgia and loss, lack of mutual understanding and marital conflict. Calculation of validity and reliability of the questionnaire showed that this Questionnaire has high validity and reliability. Therefore, it can be used in research and evaluation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - A Study of the Principles of the Impossibility of Developing a Preference and Preponderance Without a Preponderant in Epicurean and Stoic Philosophers
Samane Qanbari Varnusfaderani Hassan Fathi Majid Sadremajles Morteza ShajariThe principles of the impossibility of preponderance without a preponderant and the impossibility of developing a preference are among the most important principles of Islamic philosophy that have been widely discussed. Since the related debates have provoked several co MoreThe principles of the impossibility of preponderance without a preponderant and the impossibility of developing a preference are among the most important principles of Islamic philosophy that have been widely discussed. Since the related debates have provoked several contradictory ideas, their study aims to clarify many of the problems in Islamic philosophy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the principles of the impossibility of preponderance without a preponderant and developing a preference in Epicurean and Stoic philosophies. These two principles play extremely diverse functions in these two schools of philosophy and are utilized in ethical, epistemological, and physical discussions. Stoics have completely accepted the principle of the impossibility of developing a preference. They also agree with the principle of the impossibility of preponderance without a preponderant but believe that it is based on the principle of the impossibility of making a preference. Stoics maintain that preponderance without a preponderant leads to motion without a cause. Epicureans agree with the principle of the impossibility of developing a preference at a macroscopic scale or in the realm of bodies and events. However, they reject it in the microscopic realm of atoms at least in the case of their diversion. Epicureans accept the principle of the impossibility of preponderance without a preponderant and believe that it is generally possible. However, they acknowledge that it is discreditable in some cases and allowed in some others. They hold that preponderance without a preponderant is a supreme example of Man’s free will. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Investigating Iranian Identity Based on Charles Taylor's Idea about Recognition and Its Implications for Education
mostafa moradi khosrow Bagheri shahin Eirvani Babak shamshiriThe issue of Iranian identity has always been one of the most challenging issues. Determining the common elements of Iranian identity is a matter of controversy, and the differences among different viewpoints will have consequences in practice. The present study has con MoreThe issue of Iranian identity has always been one of the most challenging issues. Determining the common elements of Iranian identity is a matter of controversy, and the differences among different viewpoints will have consequences in practice. The present study has considered the issue of Iranian identity from an educational point of view. For this purpose, from among the various and multiple dimensions of Iranian identity, two important ones, namely language and religion, have been considered as pivotal. Explaining the views of Charles Taylor has provided us with a basis for analyzing the identity of Iranians and has led to indications in the field of education. Conceptual analysis and practical inference are used as research methods. Among the implications of this research are "diversifying education based on Iranian cultural and identity diversity", "convergent education based on the idea of recognition", and "deepening of social relations based on dialogue-oriented education”. Finally, based on the implications, some of the Iranian official documents in the field of formal education have been reviewed and evaluated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Power Structure and Its Relation to Family Instability (National study in Iranian society)
forozandeh jafarzadehpourThe structure of power in the family is an important issue that affects the stability of the family. In recent decades, various changes have taken place at different national levels and also within the Iranian family, which has left an impact on family stability. The ma MoreThe structure of power in the family is an important issue that affects the stability of the family. In recent decades, various changes have taken place at different national levels and also within the Iranian family, which has left an impact on family stability. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between power structure and its relationship with family instability in Iran. This study has investigated the relationship between two variables using the secondary analysis method of 3819 married people in the National Family Survey data. The structure of power in three indicators of power construction, freedom of action and exercise of power, the method of exercising power with relevant sub-indicators and family instability in three indicators at the levels of action (marital conflict, and violence) and attitude (attitude to divorce) were studied under sub-indicators. Findings show that while the overall power structure in the Iranian family is significantly symmetrical, some indicators of power such as freedom of action and the exercise of power and methods of exercising power have significant effects on marital conflict, violence and divorce attitudes and increase family instability. In order to reduce divorce and increase family stability, it is necessary to allocate various programs and services, including counseling, etc., to families with more marital conflicts and families where more violence is reported. Men and women also have different attitudes toward the power structure and attitudes toward the consequences of divorce, and women are more tolerant of the consequences of divorce. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The Effectiveness Couple Therapy Based on Stair’s Family Therapy Approach on Physical, Psychological and Emotional Burnout Divorce Application Couples
amir yekanizad Akbar Soleimannezhad Norieh HajizadehThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of couple therapy based on Stair’s family therapy approach on physical burnout, psychological burnout and emotional burnout among divorce application couple tabriz City. The method of the present study was quasi-experime MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of couple therapy based on Stair’s family therapy approach on physical burnout, psychological burnout and emotional burnout among divorce application couple tabriz City. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control groups with 3-month follow-up periods. The statistical population all of divorce application couple Tabriz City year 2021 who referred to the justice. Using the purposive sampling method, 40 people were selected and randomly divided into experimental (20 people) and control (20 people) groups. Intervention program Stair’s (8sessions of 70 minutes) trained in the sample group. The research tools were the Marital Burnout Questionnaire (CBM) Pines (1996). Data were analyzed using repeated measures variance. The results showed that couple therapy based on Stair’s family therapy approach effective on components marital burnout, physical burnout, psychological burnout and emotional burnout couples applying for divorce there is a significant difference in the two experimental and control groups in the post-test stage (P<0/001). also this effectiveness was stable at the follow-up 3-month stag. Overall, the results obtained from this study confirm the usefulness and effect of couple therapy based on Stair’s family therapy approach on physical burnout, psychological burnout and emotional burnout among divorce application couple. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Spectrum Sensing of OFDM Signals Utilizing Higher Order Statistics under Noise Uncertainty Environments in Cognitive Radio Systems
MOUSUMI HAQUE Tetsuya ShimamuraCognitive radio (CR) is an important issue to solve the spectrum scarcity problem for modern and forthcoming wireless communication systems. Spectrum sensing is the ability of the CR systems to sense the primary user signal to detect an ideal portion of the radio spectr MoreCognitive radio (CR) is an important issue to solve the spectrum scarcity problem for modern and forthcoming wireless communication systems. Spectrum sensing is the ability of the CR systems to sense the primary user signal to detect an ideal portion of the radio spectrum. Spectrum sensing is mandatory to solve the spectrum scarcity problem and the interference problem of the primary user. Noise uncertainty consideration for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmitted signals in severe noise environments is a challenging issue for measuring the performance of spectrum sensing. This paper proposed a method using higher order statistics (HOS) functions including skewness and kurtosis for improving the sensing performance of a cyclic prefix (CP) based OFDM transmitted signal for noise uncertainty. The detection performance of OFDM systems is measured for various CP sizes using a higher order digital modulation technique over a multipath Rayleigh fading channel for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) cases. In the proposed method, the CP-based OFDM transmitted signal sensing performance is measured and compared with the conventional methods under noise uncertainty environments. Through comprehensive evaluation of simulation, it is demonstrated that the sensing performance of this method significantly outperforms conventional schemes in the case of noise uncertainty in severe noise environments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Spiritual Journey Based on Dialectical Wayfaring in Plato’s Philosophy and its Compatibility with Gnostic Journeys
Atiye Zandieh Leila EftekhariIn Plato’s philosophy and Islamic gnostic tradition, the world and Man enjoy two corporeal and spiritual dimensions. Man’s spiritual dimension can have ascending and descending journeys in the worlds of being. In Islamic gnosis, going through the levels of being – the f MoreIn Plato’s philosophy and Islamic gnostic tradition, the world and Man enjoy two corporeal and spiritual dimensions. Man’s spiritual dimension can have ascending and descending journeys in the worlds of being. In Islamic gnosis, going through the levels of being – the five divine presences – has been explained by resorting to the four-fold journeys, which include moving from the creature to the truth, traversing the truth, moving from the truth to the creature and, finally, travelling with the truth in the creature. The spiritual journey in Plato’s philosophy can be explained by using the dialectical wayfaring, analogy of the divided line, and the allegory of the cave. Plato generally dealt with this spiritual journey and did not intend to classify its levels. However, his views can be formulated in a way to conform to these four journeys. In this way, spiritual journey in Plato’s philosophy will include the following four stages: moving from shadows to the world of Ideas, traveling through the Ideas, moving from the world of Ideas to the world of sensibles and, finally, traveling with the Ideas in shadows. Therefore, given the differences between these two schools of thought regarding their views of the highest levels of being and the perfect Man, the first, second, and fourth journeys can be more clearly matched with each other. The third journey can also be matched with one of them but not as clearly as the other three. Gnostics’ religious views, their emphasis on ascetic practice and purification of the soul, and the long time interval between these two systems of thought have resulted in a number of great differences between them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - The Effectiveness of Schema Therapy on Increasing Self-Efficacy and Life Expectancy of Divorced Women and its Effect on Reducing the Initial Maladaptive Patterns of their Daughters
mojtaba aghili Arezou Asghari mitra namaziThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on increasing self-efficacy and life expectancy of divorced women and its effect on reducing the initial maladaptive patterns of their daughters. The scheme of this experimental study was pretest-posttest MoreThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on increasing self-efficacy and life expectancy of divorced women and its effect on reducing the initial maladaptive patterns of their daughters. The scheme of this experimental study was pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population was considered all divorced women and their daughters in Urmia in 2017. The sample consisted of 30 divorced women and their daughters who were referred to the family health clinic under the supervision of the Welfare of West Azerbaijan Province. These women were purposefully selected and divided into two experimental groups (15 people), and a control group (15 people) were randomly assigned. In the experimental group, the intervention was performed in groups of 8 sessions of 90 minutes based on schema therapy, but no intervention was applied to the control group. The instruments were Schier's self-efficacy questionnaire (1982), Schneider's life expectancy questionnaire (1991), and the short form of Young's early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (1998). Research data were analyzed by covariance. Findings showed that schema therapy has effectively increased self-efficacy, the life expectancy of divorced women, and modulating maladaptive schemas of their daughters (P<0.000). Schema therapy as a technique can effectively improve the self-efficacy and life expectancy of these divorced women and modify the maladaptive schemas of their daughters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Investigating the moral and social effects of divorce in popular jurisprudence
abdolhamid navardi aboalghasem asi moznab Ahmad sadeghianGod has made permanent marriage a priority for man compared to broken marriage. Mut'ah is a kind of legitimate marriage in Islam, which provides a good solution to prevent social problems, and its position is specified in verse 24 of Surah An-Nisa '. In order to acknowl MoreGod has made permanent marriage a priority for man compared to broken marriage. Mut'ah is a kind of legitimate marriage in Islam, which provides a good solution to prevent social problems, and its position is specified in verse 24 of Surah An-Nisa '. In order to acknowledge its legitimacy from the point of view of Shiites and Sunnis, forty commentaries on jurisprudential, legal and educational issues were selected from the commentators of the Qur'an through the library method and bibliographic review of 183 commentaries. Due to the incorrect understanding of the jurisprudential and moral nature of mut'ah (temporary marriage) in society, this institution is not used in its constructive direction. Also, our laws regarding some of its special rulings are incomplete, vague and sometimes silent, and in these rulings, there are differences of opinion in jurisprudence that long-term temporary marriage is one of these cases. ) Fought against the boycott order due to the prohibition of the government by the second caliph; Because its absolute prohibition had no religious justification. In this article, mut'ah is examined from the point of view of popular jurisprudence from the point of view of the government, and while addressing the documents related to the principle of mut'ah legitimacy, which may play a role in comparative and controversial issues, the ruling on temporary marriage is discussed in terms of abrogation or prohibition. Because the Sunnis claim the abrogation or prohibition of this type of marriage using government authority. It has also been suggested that the Islamic government should, based on its interests, according to time and place, impose restrictions and conditions to prevent the occurrence of moral problems arising from it, and at the same time, provide the ground for its rational use. Temporary marriage, if exposed to permanent marriage, also eliminates the risk of the family foundation collapsing or not forming. Despite the context of the verse and the initial legitimacy of the ruling regarding the slaves and men of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, this moral ruling was extended to other members of society; And while examining wisdom, philosophy and its status, the cases that have been recommended to be allowed; Including the position of mut'ah in war, long journeys and the preservation of chastity and mental health, and the cases in which it has been recommended not to allow it; Threats to the family system, sexual diversity, and Shiite religiosity were described. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Identifying the effect of group counseling with a meaning therapy approach on the quality of life of divorced male and female teachers in Yasouj city
Sajjad Rashidnia Attabullah BeheshtThis research was conducted with the main purpose of identifying the effect of group counseling based on meaning therapy approach on increasing the quality of life of divorced male and female teachers in Yasouj city. Considering the quality of life and lifestyle, we als MoreThis research was conducted with the main purpose of identifying the effect of group counseling based on meaning therapy approach on increasing the quality of life of divorced male and female teachers in Yasouj city. Considering the quality of life and lifestyle, we also considered the effectiveness of this method of treatment on reducing depression as the second goal. The current research is applied and semi-experimental (unequal control group design). By using the purpose-based or available sampling method, 60 people were selected according to the considered criteria and divided into two experimental and proof groups. (30 people for each group), then Miller's life expectancy tests with a reliability coefficient of 80%, Fischer's post-divorce adjustment questionnaire (FDAS) with a reliability coefficient of 98%, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale short form questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) with a reliability coefficient The retest for the subscales of physical health was 0.77, mental health was 0.77, social relations was 0.75, and environmental health was 0.84. It was taken from both groups. The results of the statistical analysis of the T-test in the pre-test did not show a significant difference in the quality of life. The results showed that the effect of meaning therapy counseling on quality of life dimensions is significant and the attitude towards divorce is not significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Changes in the Family in Contemporary Iran Emphasis on Marriage and Divorce
shahla kazemipuorThe institution of the family in Iran has faced important changes during the last few decades, such as a transition from extended family to a nuclear family, an increase in marriage age, a decrease in the marriage rate, an increase in absolute celibacy, a change in crit MoreThe institution of the family in Iran has faced important changes during the last few decades, such as a transition from extended family to a nuclear family, an increase in marriage age, a decrease in the marriage rate, an increase in absolute celibacy, a change in criteria for choosing a spouse and increase in divorce. The purpose of this study is to present a picture of the evolution of the family and introduce theoretical approaches with an emphasis on the state of marriage and divorce. To explain the evolution of the family, three theoretical approaches have been used, "modernization theory", "second demographic transition theory" and "postmodern theory". In this study, two methods of "documentary" and "secondary analysis" were used. First, the topics related to the background, literature and research theories have been used from available scientific sources. And then, by referring to the data of the results of the censuses, the civil registration organization and the national survey report, the developments of marriage and divorce have been explained. The results showed that during the last four decades, the share of extended families has decreased and the net marriage rate has decreased, the average age of marriage and divorce rates have increased, and the criteria and methods of choosing a spouse and the attitude towards divorce have changed from traditional dimensions to modern ones. To make policies to increase the marriage rate, reduce the age of marriage and reduce the divorce rate, because the causes of most of the changes that have emerged are socio-cultural, it is suggested that instead of providing loans and facilities for marriage or issuing a directive to reduce divorce,special measures should be takenin the field of cultural issues and to change the lifestyle components in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Estimation of conflict between couples and solutions based on the secondary analysis of national family survey data in Iran
Akbari younes Mohammad TorkashvandThe present study examines the rate of marital conflict index in Iran by secondary analysis of national family survey data in Iran. The results of the Couples Conflict Rate Index in Iran indicate that 15.3% of the total number of married respondents have no conflict wit MoreThe present study examines the rate of marital conflict index in Iran by secondary analysis of national family survey data in Iran. The results of the Couples Conflict Rate Index in Iran indicate that 15.3% of the total number of married respondents have no conflict with their spouse، 40.7% have low conflict، 26.6% have moderate conflict and 17.5% have high conflict with their spouse. Married people have the least conflict over other issues related to conflict in the type of job and related issues. Among the issues of conflict between couples، the presence of the spouse on time at home with 22.1% and spending time with each other with 21.7، respectively، had the highest percentage of high conflict between couples. Among the existing solutions for resolving the conflict، referring to the judicial authorities and the court has the lowest rate among the solutions for resolving the couple’s conflict، so that (88.8%) of the respondents stated that they do not go to the court and the authorities to resolve the conflict with their spouse. In this regard، 76.5% use a lot of tolerance and 74.5% use a lot of dialogue to resolve the conflict with their spouse، which these two categories had the highest values among the conflict resolution solutions between couples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Analysis of the content of Persian books in the second half of the elementary school (fourth grade) based on Guilford's creativity factors
Maryam Vahedi Zainab Rahbar hadis Khasht ZarThe main goal of the current research was to analyze the content of Persian books in the second half of the elementary school (fourth grades) based on Guilford's creativity factors. It has been determined based on the Persian book statistical society, and the measuremen MoreThe main goal of the current research was to analyze the content of Persian books in the second half of the elementary school (fourth grades) based on Guilford's creativity factors. It has been determined based on the Persian book statistical society, and the measurement tool is the content of two Persian books, i.e. reading and writing books (in the fourth grades) and the researcher-made form. In order to analyze the content, the registration unit method has been used in the field, and the data has been described and analyzed using tables, frequency and percentage. The validity of the measurement tool through the formula in the fifth grade, 91.33% in the fourth grade, Scott's 94.66 and with the agreement coefficient method of experts at 90% in the sixth grade, and the reliability of the tool was accepted based on the time agreement coefficient method during three consecutive months. . Analysis and interpretation of data based on spss, using Pearson's correlation formula and descriptive statistics software, and using the frequency difference test formula, relying on the chi-square (chi-two) single-variable formula, were analyzed. The results of this research showed that: Most of the content and images of Persian books (reading and writing) of each level are at the level of cognitive memory, and less attention has been paid to the level of divergent and evaluative thinking. In addition, based on the results obtained in the activities and exercises of both books, it has been shown that in the sixth grade level of convergent thinking, cognitive memory and divergent thinking have a relatively good balance. In the fifth grade, more attention is paid to convergent thinking in reading activities, and more attention is paid to divergent thinking in writing exercises. In the fourth grade, more attention is paid to cognitive memory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Legal Examination Of The Wife's Residence In The Joint House During The Days Of The Rejaya Period
Fatemeh Fallahpour Seyed Mohammad Asadi nejadWife's housing is considered one of the most basic examples of alimony and also one of the most valuable financial rights of the couple, which creates a very sensitive position in the strength and stability of the family. therefore; According to Article 1005 of the Civi MoreWife's housing is considered one of the most basic examples of alimony and also one of the most valuable financial rights of the couple, which creates a very sensitive position in the strength and stability of the family. therefore; According to Article 1005 of the Civil Code, couples can agree on their place of residence during the marriage. In this way, the agreement that the couple makes for the wife to live in an independent house; Based on the aforementioned article, it is possible. Also, when the marriage is dissolved In special cases, such as the days when the wife is in the category of retroactive divorce, The legislator has required couples to They have continued to live in a common house next to each other for a certain period of time, Because a divorcee during the period of divorce is the same as a wife, And his rights and duties are the same as those of a wife during marriage. Also, regarding the nature of the couple's residence in the joint house, Although cohabitation is proportional to the meaning of the contract, that agreement and consent against it is also possible. But this residence in the joint house is also considered as the husband's right And it is one of the accessories of good company, And it is one of the accessories of good company, Therefore, the present research has analyzed the legal analysis of the wife's residence in the common house during the days of the Rejiya. And the results of this research indicate this, But this right is shared with the duties related to living in the house, It can be collected and the wife has no right to complain about accepting her husband in the joint house. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Pathology of Erotic Marriage (Case Study: Women Applying for Divorce in Tehran City)
Sara Tahmanesh bagher sarokhani Akbar TahmaneshErotic courtship and marriage as a type of mate selection increasing due to social changes and change in family functions. In this type of mate selection attention focused on body and physical capital and accordingly spouses enter to marriage market. Statistical data in MoreErotic courtship and marriage as a type of mate selection increasing due to social changes and change in family functions. In this type of mate selection attention focused on body and physical capital and accordingly spouses enter to marriage market. Statistical data indicates parents’ role decrease in mate selection processes. It seems that socio- cultural changes and diffusion of new marriage patterns, as well as individualism caused such variation. The main objective of present article is to pathology of erotic courtship and marriage on family instability with emphasis on socio- cultural elements. The structural functionalism theory, Gidden’s pure relationship and modernization theory explain the theoretical model of research. Survey method applied for data collection. A sample of 180 female divorce applicants whom had erotic mate selection referring to Family Judicial Complex No. 2 in Tehran in the fourth quarter of the year 1400 (2021-2022) interviewed. Finding indicate 86% of respondents, realized that they could not continue it as soon as first three years of common life. 41.7% without consulting parents or any other person and based on individual decision get married. The findings show that the most important factors of family instability are nature of erotic marriage along with increasing individualism and decreasing parental authority as well as modernity. It seems that with the continuation of social and individual changes, Iranian society will face an increase in family instability in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Comparison of Spiritual Health and Psychological Helplessness in Adolescent Girls from Divorced and Normal Families in Shiraz
zahra Ghaedian soode dashtiane Nasir DastanThis research aims to compare spiritual health and psychological helplessness in adolescent girls from divorced and nuclear families. The descriptive research method was of a comparative causal type. The statistical population of this research includes all teenage girls MoreThis research aims to compare spiritual health and psychological helplessness in adolescent girls from divorced and nuclear families. The descriptive research method was of a comparative causal type. The statistical population of this research includes all teenage girls in the first secondary school of Shiraz City. There are 80 people in the statistical sample population, 40 girls whose parents are divorced and 40 girls whose parents are not divorced. A statical sample was determined using cluster sampling. Palotzin and Ellison's spiritual health questionnaires and depression, stress, and anxiety questionnaire (DASS-21) were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed at two levels (descriptive statistics and inferential statistics). Means and standard deviations were used for descriptive statistics and univariate analysis of variance for inferential statistics. The results showed a significant difference between spiritual health and psychological helplessness in teenage girls from divorced and nuclear families; Spiritual health is higher among teenagers whose parents are not divorced. Also, psychological helplessness is more among teenagers whose parents are divorced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Investigating the effect of dimensions of organizational justice on behaviors based on divine rationality and emotion (Research case: Shiraz Electricity Distribution Company)
saeed khajehfard Sanjar Salajegheh Yaser Salari mahdi mohamad bagheriThe role of rationality and emotion in shaping people's behavior has been proven, but the role of organizational justice in the behavior of the organization's employees is of particular importance. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of dimensions MoreThe role of rationality and emotion in shaping people's behavior has been proven, but the role of organizational justice in the behavior of the organization's employees is of particular importance. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of dimensions of organizational justice on behaviors based on divine rationality and emotion. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of the research included 1477 employees of Shiraz Electricity Distribution Company, of which 313 people were selected by stratified random method. Data analysis was done using SPSS-23 and PLS-3 software and structural equation modeling method. The results of the findings showed that despite the confirmation of the relationship between the dimensions of organizational justice on most of the behaviors based on divine rationality and emotion, the effect of distributive justice on superior behavior and the effect of informational justice on distasteful and low behavior were not confirmed. Also, by examining the coefficients of the path, it was found that procedural justice has the most negative role in the occurrence of low and distasteful behaviors, and transactional justice has the most positive effect in the occurrence of desirable and superior behaviors. Finally, by examining the coefficients of determination, suggestions were made with the aim of reforming procedural and distributional policies as well as strengthening transactional justice in order to increase superior behavior in the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Ruling Divorce: Quranic Principles and Reasons
Seyyed MohammadKazem Hoseini Faezeh MoghtadaeeWomen's Rights and the Issue of Women's Rights in Divorce in the commentaries on verses 228 to 241 of Surah Al-Baqarah, there are common concepts and interpretations between Shiite and Sunni jurists. The two well-known concepts of abstinence in the interpretations of th MoreWomen's Rights and the Issue of Women's Rights in Divorce in the commentaries on verses 228 to 241 of Surah Al-Baqarah, there are common concepts and interpretations between Shiite and Sunni jurists. The two well-known concepts of abstinence in the interpretations of the differences refer to the divorce of the Shari'a and the right of a woman to divorce in times of hardship. The famous word is used 38 times in the Holy Quran, 15 of which are related to family and marriage. In verses 228 to 241 of Surah Al-Baqarah, the famous word is repeated 12 times and emphasizes the importance of rulings such as' iddah, divorce, breastfeeding, etc., so that it does not exceed the shari'ah limits and is treated according to the famous (confirmation of sharia and custom). The legal provisions of the Civil Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran are also taken from the verses related to divorce and include the well-known principles in women's rights and divorce and allow the rulers to issue a divorce decree if the conditions for this type of divorce are approved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Study the effect of the Second Facade and its geometry on daylight control in office spaces (modeling and Daylight analysis by Diva software)
Navid Jalaeian Ghane Sajad AeiniIn addition to optimizing energy consumption, daylight is efficient in the health quality of indoor spaces, the interaction of architecture with social behaviors, and the health of individuals in the space. In addition to increasing the quality of natural light in the s MoreIn addition to optimizing energy consumption, daylight is efficient in the health quality of indoor spaces, the interaction of architecture with social behaviors, and the health of individuals in the space. In addition to increasing the quality of natural light in the space, benefiting a daylight control system significantly reduces the building's electrical energy consumption. The study aims to deals with the amount and the way the quality of the openings of the building's windows affects the quality of the received daylight. Therefore, it investigates the effect of the opening rate of the designed Iranian knot on the efficiency of natural lighting in the office space based on international standards, applying daylight simulation software and annual analyzes consistent with the weather information of Mashhad, through the occupation hours of the space. Firstly, However, the paper studies the basic concepts of the research; secondly, analytical tools are employed and analyzed how the quality of openings affects the quality of receiving light. Lastly, the result is formulated with logical reasoning based on analytical tools. Moreover, the results indicate that the opening coefficient holds a great effect on the distribution of natural light in different directions, particularly on the south front. Furthermore, the importance of daylight in optimizing the amount of energy consumption, the health quality of indoor spaces, and the health of individuals in the space is efficient through a systematic design that may control daylight consistent with the requirements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - The position of human dignity in criminal jurisprudence and its comparison with Iranian criminal law
Ali Amirmohammadi mahmud ghayumzadeh Nader Mokhtari AfraktiMan has inherent dignity and deserves to acquire virtues, and it is necessary to have the right to life and personal security; Because these virtues appear only in the scene of social life. Good deeds and Crimean morals are considered virtues for a human being, which em MoreMan has inherent dignity and deserves to acquire virtues, and it is necessary to have the right to life and personal security; Because these virtues appear only in the scene of social life. Good deeds and Crimean morals are considered virtues for a human being, which emerges from him in free conditions, and these rights; That is, the right to life, liberty and personal security, which is recognized in Article 3 of the Declaration of Human Rights, is the basis of all political rights and subsequent civil liberties, including freedom from torture and arbitrary detention, as well as the rights related to fair trial, freedom of expression and The freedom to travel (emigration) and non-interference in private life and the principle of innocence, the right to marry and form a family and the freedom of opinion and the like are in the section on the rights of the nation and in fact, the citizenship rights of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and articles 3 to 21 of the Declaration. Universal human rights are included. This article deals with the problem with descriptive analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Domestic Violence Against Men )Case Study: The Flakei Marginal Region of Khorram Abad City)
vali bahrami Sara salimi fatemeh vandabrahimDomestic violence against men has many dysfunctional consequences that affect not only the individual and the family, but also the middle and macro levels of society. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the components of women's violence against men in the mar MoreDomestic violence against men has many dysfunctional consequences that affect not only the individual and the family, but also the middle and macro levels of society. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the components of women's violence against men in the marginal region of Falkei, Khorram Abad city. The studied sample is all married men in the marginal region of Falkei, Khorram Abad city. Targeted sampling has been done. Ten men with experience of violence were interviewed. The type of interviews was semi-structured. Data analysis was done using thematic analysis and after coding the data, 241 open codes, 20 sub-categories and 6 main categories were extracted. To validate the data, variety of techniques were applied such as re-examining the participants, re-examining by experts, using external referees and clarifying citation and transferability. Findings shows that violence against men arises from "double work, the label of irresponsibility, rolelessness in the decision-making process, threats of suicide and divorce, comparison, humiliation and blame, and sexual deprivation". The results of this research show that women have created the necessary grounds for violence against men by economic bottlenecks, comparisons, verbal violence and as a result increasing tension. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Examining the theory of Ash'ari acquisition and some theological topics in Khaghani's Diwan
Shahrokh HekmatAbul Hasan Ali Ibn Ismail Ash'ari (260-330 AH) in order to find a middle way between the ideas of Mu'tazili devolution and Ash'ari determinism, proposed the theory of "earning" and declared that God is the creator of human voluntary actions and man is the earner of thes MoreAbul Hasan Ali Ibn Ismail Ash'ari (260-330 AH) in order to find a middle way between the ideas of Mu'tazili devolution and Ash'ari determinism, proposed the theory of "earning" and declared that God is the creator of human voluntary actions and man is the earner of these actions. He considered acquisition to be the combination of the power of God and man, and he believed that voluntary action takes place following this combination. Based on this, man has no influence on the existence of his voluntary act and is only the place of his act. For this reason, the flow of God's habit causes the emergence of power and authority in man, and his voluntary action is performed. Many scholars have considered the theory of acquisition as another interpretation of the theory of determinism and determinism. Of course, there was a development in Ash'ari determinism and acquisition, and some Ash'ari scholars tried to interpret it in a different way. Khaqani Shervani (520-595 AH) is one of the greatest Iranian poets and one of the first-class speakers of the Persian language who, despite following the Sunni religion, respects Shia beliefs and holy things. Khaqani is biased in religion, but avoids being classist; Despite all this, he tends to Ash'ari theological mashrab, especially Ash'ari Kasbah, and in many cases he prefers moderate algebra. The results of this research, which is based on a library method and descriptive-analytical method, show that Khaqani, while accepting predestination in human destiny, also talks about free will in some cases, and at the same time as a religious religion, in writing some poems, he expresses a way of thinking. And the teachings of Ash'ari thought are based on the Ash'ari theory of acquisition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Optimal Power Allocation for Maximizing Secrecy Rate in Physical Layer Security Using Frequency Diverse Array Directional Modulation and Artificial Noise
Mahdi Tayyeb Massoud Hossein KhaleghiThe directional modulation is a prominent and practical technique for enhancing the physical layer security in modern communication systems. In this method, the message signal is modulated by an array of antennas and transmitted in a specific direction to the legitimate MoreThe directional modulation is a prominent and practical technique for enhancing the physical layer security in modern communication systems. In this method, the message signal is modulated by an array of antennas and transmitted in a specific direction to the legitimate receiver, such that in other directions, the signal is destroyed and not receivable by eavesdroppers. By incorporating random frequency diverse array directional modulation, secure communication can be achieved in both angular and distance dimensions for the legitimate receiver. However, when the eavesdropper is located near the legitimate receiver, the confidentiality performance of this solution significantly deteriorates. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel approach that combines artificial noise with random frequency diverse array directional modulation and optimizes power allocation to attain the maximum secrecy rate. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed approach improves the secrecy rate of the physical layer security by at least one bit per second per hertz compared to the method without artificial noise, and by at least two bits per second per hertz compared to the phased array directional modulation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - The Relationship between Daemon in Ancient Greek and Div in Zoroastrian Wisdom and Jinn in Islamic Philosophy
Hojjatullah AskarizadehThere are some shared truths regarding daemon in ancient Greek, div in Zoroastrian wisdom, and jinn in Islamic theology. Although daemon is in some cases distinguished from theos in Greek philosophy, it is usually confused with other divine existents, thus creating the MoreThere are some shared truths regarding daemon in ancient Greek, div in Zoroastrian wisdom, and jinn in Islamic theology. Although daemon is in some cases distinguished from theos in Greek philosophy, it is usually confused with other divine existents, thus creating the challenge of how ancient Greek gods gradually turned into div and Satan during the Christian period and after that. In the same vein, there is not only a distinction but also total contrast and opposition between Divine gods and divs in Zoroastrian wisdom. The former is divine and good while the latter is evil and satanic. There is also an existent called “jinn” in Islamic worldview and teachings that is neither angel-like nor of an absolute evil nature. On the one hand, it is close to the world of immateriality and angels and can perform supernatural and superhuman acts; on the other hand, it is the origin of evil and wicked affairs in several cases, thus deserving the name of Satan. However, it is possible to explain the challenges related to ancient Greek daemons more accurately based on Muslim philosophers’ approach in classifying spiritual and immaterial existents and the distinctions that they make among angels, good jinns, and evils. This endeavor plays an important role in understanding the roots of the ideas held in ancient schools of philosophy, particularly in ancient Greece, so that one can clarify the role of daemons in ancient Greece more effectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Qualitative Assessment of the Efficiency of Pre-Divorce counseling: A Study on the Second Chapter of the Family Support Law Based on the clients’ Perspectives on Counseling Centers in Alborz province.
Mehri Allahverdi Mohsen Badre Fatemeh Pour-masjedian<p>The legislator, by instituting pre-divorce counseling, aimed to address unnecessary divorces under the second chapter of the Family Support Law in 2013. This paper presents a qualitative assessment of the effectiveness of this counseling based on the perspectives of More<p>The legislator, by instituting pre-divorce counseling, aimed to address unnecessary divorces under the second chapter of the Family Support Law in 2013. This paper presents a qualitative assessment of the effectiveness of this counseling based on the perspectives of couples who have undergone all stages of pre-divorce counseling. The research methodology employed phenomenology, with thematic analysis is used to analyze the interviews. The fifteen interviewees were residents of Alborz province, selected through purposive sampling. Six main themes emerged from the interview analysis: the provision of necessary solutions by the counselor, fostering compromise and continuity in marital life, seeking legal and social guidance from counselors, the impactful nature of timely counseling, the lack of effectiveness of counseling sessions in fostering compromise, and the drawbacks of the current pre-divorce counseling process. The interviewees generally unanimous in their expectation from the counseling that the counselor can create a compromise between couples, however, their attitudes toward the effectiveness of current counseling indicate dissatisfaction. This lack of satisfaction encompasses different dimensions, including the heavy costs of consultation fees and the lack of government coverage, the inappropriate timing of counseling sessions, some counselors underestimating the importance of family consolidation, and insufficient efforts to mend couples' relationships. Additionally, interviewees noted a lack of adequate expertise and experience among counselors, along with gender biases exhibited by some counselors. This research suggests a revision of the second chapter of the Family Support Law to align with the legislator's goal and eliminate the disadvantages of the current shortcomings, ultimately enhancing the efficacy of mandatory pre-divorce counseling for couples.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - The Effect of Divorce Before Intimacy on the Cancellation of Dowry
Mohammad ali Rasouli moghadamIn the article 1092 of Civil Rights, it is mentioned that: “ If the husband divorces his wife before having intercourse, she is entitled to the half of dowry of bride and if the husband had given more than half of dowry of bride before the intercourse, he would have ent MoreIn the article 1092 of Civil Rights, it is mentioned that: “ If the husband divorces his wife before having intercourse, she is entitled to the half of dowry of bride and if the husband had given more than half of dowry of bride before the intercourse, he would have entitled to the residue of the half of itself or its price.”, in this case; the question is that if the wife forgives release all or more than half of(dowry of bride, which is exactly the husband’s total duty ) after marriage contract and the husband divorces her before having intercourse with her, since release is a kind of possessing and domination of the debt or is similar to the loyalty to a pledge, and considering the command in the article above; does the wife owes the residue of the half of dowry of bride The popular response to this question by the Faghihs of Imamia is positive whereas other Faghihs and lawyers disagree with their view. While studying this subject; in this essay, we will try to understand the evidences of those in favor and opponents of this and will observe some aspects of the topic that have been less taken into consideration. Manuscript profile
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