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Open Access Article
1 - Identifying Strategies of Tourism Entrepreneurdhip Development in Chabahar and Qeshm Free Zones
maryam rashki farid shahmoradi aminreza kamalianTourism has great impact on the country's economic, cultural and political dimensions. The purpose of this study is to identify effective strategies for developing tourism entrepreneurship in Chabahar and Qeshm free regions. The statistical population consists of free-f MoreTourism has great impact on the country's economic, cultural and political dimensions. The purpose of this study is to identify effective strategies for developing tourism entrepreneurship in Chabahar and Qeshm free regions. The statistical population consists of free-field managers, specialists and managers of travel and tourism companies and business owners in the Chabahar and Qeshm free regions. The research was a researcher- made method and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. After assessing the validity (using the opinions of the supervisors and counselors and verifying factor analysis), reliability of the questionnaire was used through Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient. Using SPSS21 software, Friedman test and independent T were calculated and analyzed. The results indicate that regulatory strategy, cognitive strategy and normative strategy are considered as three general strategies for the development of tourism entrepreneurship in free zones, which consist of 9 components and 36 indicators of tourism entrepreneurship development. Also, the results of the Friedman test show that the regulatory strategy has a more important priority than the other two strategies and is more important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Marketing strategies of inventions for successful entry into market
amirhossein tayyebi mohammadreza hamidizadehThe share of industries and services with the highest technology in each economy is one of the indicators for assessing the degree to which a knowledge-based economy is at work. Among these, commercialization of inventions and research achievements is one of the importa MoreThe share of industries and services with the highest technology in each economy is one of the indicators for assessing the degree to which a knowledge-based economy is at work. Among these, commercialization of inventions and research achievements is one of the important issues in various societies. The purpose of this research is to identify and review the most important marketing strategies for inventions from the perspective of inventors. This research is an applied research, a descriptive survey, and a research mix method that first approaches the qualitative and then quantitative approach. In the qualitative stage, marketing strategies of inventions were identified using library studies and semi-structured interviews through targeted sampling with 8 experts in the field of commercialization and technology management. Then, at a small stage, a questionnaire was used in the research sample including the inventors of the regional festival of innovations and flourishing of the Roish Khorasan inventions. According to the Morgan table, according to the analysis method, 36 inventors were considered. Data analysis was done by t-test and TOPSIS method. The results show that 91% of inventors know too much importance of commercialization and marketing of their invention. In the case of the marketing mix, it was concluded that the importance of good features products with the highest scores were 46% and after that, the price of 28%, the promotion with 18% and finally advertising place was 8% by inventors. Finally, with notice to the 10 strategy outlined in the paper, inventors chose three of strategy marketing contain participation in international technology exhibitions, participation in national technology exhibitions and Internet marketing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigating the effect of social capital on organizational performance with respect to Ambidextrous knowledge strategy and innovation; (Case Study: Innovative and Technological Companies)
Ramina AfroozAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social capital on organizational performance. In this direction, the Ambidextrous knowledge strategy and innovation has been considered and the effect of market orientation has been considered as a mode MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social capital on organizational performance. In this direction, the Ambidextrous knowledge strategy and innovation has been considered and the effect of market orientation has been considered as a moderator between organizational performance and the Ambidextrous knowledge strategy. This research has been applied in a descriptive-survey approach. In the initial research process, extensive literature review was used to extract the original model and finally, a questionnaire was used. Dimensions of the prepared questionnaire with different approaches to reliability and validity were evaluated and distributed through the census method at the International Intellectual exhibition and from 102 appropriate returns questionnaires were used for quantitative analysis. And by reviewing the research literature, the final conceptual model was drawn. Descriptive analysis was performed using SPSS software and Smart PLS software was used to test the research hypotheses. The results indicate that social capital has a positive and significant effect on the Ambidextrous knowledge strategy, the Ambidextrous knowledge strategy has a positive and significant effect on organizational performance, it strengthens the innovation of organizational performance, and the results of the research show that social capital on performance An organization is ineffective, and this hypothesis is not accepted, and there is a moderating effect between market orientation between organizational performance and Ambidextrous knowledge strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Designing a Sustainable Outsourcing Model in Fajr Jam Gas Refining Company Based on Balanced scorecard with Analytic hierarchy process
Hamidreza vakilifardAbstract: The purpose of this paper is to design a sustainable outsourcing model using a balanced scorecard and hierarchical analysis process. In this research, we first tried to identify the success factors and failures of outsourcing based on previous studies conduct MoreAbstract: The purpose of this paper is to design a sustainable outsourcing model using a balanced scorecard and hierarchical analysis process. In this research, we first tried to identify the success factors and failures of outsourcing based on previous studies conducted inside and outside the country. For the validity of these factors, using the content validity and the content validity index and for guarantee reliability also used the incompatibility rate of the coupled comparison questionnaire based on the EXPERT CHOICE report. Identify the strategic goals of this model using Affinity Diagram by Brain Storming. the findings indicated that to design sustainable outsourcing model using a balanced scorecard, we need to consider the economic, social and environmental sustainability in each of the balanced scorecard faces that Using this model, we can have sustainable learning and growth, sustainable domestic business processes, sustainable customer satisfaction, and sustainable financial performance. finally, the balanced scorecard with 26 strategic objectives was designed and implemented using paired comparisons of the importance of each strategic goal in every aspect of computing and prioritization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The impact of business intelligence on organization’s effectiveness (case study: E-Farda company)
fatemeh aminiBusiness intelligence (BI) systems provide the ability to analyze business information in order to support and improve management decision making across a broad range of business activities. The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of organizational strat MoreBusiness intelligence (BI) systems provide the ability to analyze business information in order to support and improve management decision making across a broad range of business activities. The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of organizational strategy, structure, process, culture, information content quality and information access quality on organizational effectiveness and the possible mediating role of business intelligence (BI) systems among them. For sampling, simple random - sampling method is used. Sample data for this study were collected from E-Farad organization in Tehran and analyzed using the partial least squares method, a statistical analysis technique based on the structural equation modeling. Stability of the questionnaires used in the present study was calculated higher than 0.7 in term of Cronbachalpha, confirming the reliability. The results revealed that organizational factors, such as organizational strategy, structure, culture, and information content quality positively affect both BI systems’ effectiveness and organizational effectiveness. Also, the results showed that there is not a positive and significant effect between variables of process and information access quality on the effectiveness of the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Iran paradigm in the Vision 2050 global electricity industry
ali mighi mohsen masoumzadeToday's technology has been recognized as an important lever for economic growth in the global arena. Successful industries in the world have now realized the importance of this which Effective application of science and technology to increase efficiency and competitive MoreToday's technology has been recognized as an important lever for economic growth in the global arena. Successful industries in the world have now realized the importance of this which Effective application of science and technology to increase efficiency and competitiveness in global markets will. It will no doubt come from countries that develop technologies based on their specific strategies and policies identified And so with the necessary mechanisms to keep pace with future developments are ready. Facing the technological challenges facing the electric power industry in the world and what is it? The share of new and renewable energy future Basket power source What is the world? What is the future direction of Automation and Intelligent power grid? The processes of electric vehicles, increasing urbanization, emissions, etc., What impact will the technology industry in the coming years? This paper studies the power industry developed country like South Korea and prospects of development of the technology industry by 2050 That is the appropriate response to achieve. Data and evidence presented in this report suggest that the technological development of the electricity industry to align with the future of the power industry in the world, should be the subject of such an intelligent network,Reduce greenhouse gas emissions through development of renewable energy and improve the efficiency of existing plants, the optimal combination of product portfolio, Consumption and improve the efficiency of transportation management and development will focus on electricity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Provide methodology for selecting IT project management strategy
mona jamipour Seyed Mohammadbagher Jafari marziye nasrollahiThe strategic approach to project management is a new approach that has received more and more attention from business thinkers in the last decade. Having a strategic approach in the field of information technology projects requires managers to choose the right strategy MoreThe strategic approach to project management is a new approach that has received more and more attention from business thinkers in the last decade. Having a strategic approach in the field of information technology projects requires managers to choose the right strategy in the first step of project management, taking into account several factors influencing the choice of strategy. Logical and adaptive approaches are the two dominant strategies in project management, each of which requires different tools, resources, and procedures. Despite the increase in investment in IT projects and the dependence of organizations on such technologies, still No study has been conducted to assist IT managers in choosing the appropriate strategy for such projects. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to identify the approach of selecting the appropriate strategy in the management of information technology projects. In order to achieve this goal, in the first stage, in order to identify the factors influencing the choice of IT project management strategy, after a comprehensive review of the literature in the relevant field, the opinions of experts in the focus group have been used. In the second stage, in order to validate the extracted factors, and in the third stage, in order to weight each of the factors in selecting the two dominant logical and comparative approaches, experts are surveyed using the survey method. In the developed methodology, the factors that influence the choice of strategy are: process factors, human factors, system related factors and contextual factors. The final strategy of IT project management is obtained as a range of logical strategy and adaptive strategy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Pathology of Materialization of Urban Plans in Iran And Providing Proposal in Respect of its Promotion Case Study: District 22 of Tehran
jamaladin daryabari abbas bakhshandehnosratPrevailing Low level of materialization of urban plans in the country may not be denied. The issue may be studied from the two following perspective: formulating efficient strategies and proper implementation of strategies. Proper formulation of strategy is related to p MorePrevailing Low level of materialization of urban plans in the country may not be denied. The issue may be studied from the two following perspective: formulating efficient strategies and proper implementation of strategies. Proper formulation of strategy is related to plan and appropriate implementation of strategy is related to management. Therefore, in process of urban planning and management, formulation steps of plans and extraction of strategies have to be redefined. On the other hand, streaming strategies has to be explained as the neglected dimension in process of urban planning. In the research, effort has been made for the reasons of failing urban plans in implementation phase to be studied. Data have been collected and interpreted through library study, analyzing documents and expert views. Finally, a model has been proposed with emphasis on futures studies in urban planning. In the model, effort has been made to consider factors effective on failure of plans; and, to respond to those cases recognized as obstacles of materialization of plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The role of urban management in the success of city development strategy (CDS) Case study: Qazvin city
Mohammad taghi Razavian Jhila sajadiStrategic plans involve turning to collective wisdom, public participation, and democratic techniques. This approach calls for all stakeholders and development actors at the local and international levels for working together to raise a development strategy for a specif MoreStrategic plans involve turning to collective wisdom, public participation, and democratic techniques. This approach calls for all stakeholders and development actors at the local and international levels for working together to raise a development strategy for a specific city or metropolis.The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of urban management in the success of the development strategy in Qazvin city. The research method in this study is based on a survey-quantity method and the gathering of required data was documentary and field-based. In the documentary methodology, the theoretical framework of urban management and planning, managerial dispersion factors and effective elements in the successful implementation of city development strategy are described, and ultimately, the role of urban management in the success of the city development strategy approach and through assay and assessment of the affective elements on inefficiency and failure of city development strategy has been analyzed. The research community is composed of citizens of Qazvin. The data collection method is based on a field survey, a questionnaire and a library. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software, using mean, variance, standard deviation and path analysis, data analysis and hypothesis / theory testing. The results of the research show that a total of 23 factors out of 29 factors influencing the inefficiency and failure of the city development strategy are more than 50 to 92 percent correlation and it obviously emphasizes that the urban management structure leads to the inefficiency and failure of the "city development strategy" approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Obstacles to developing Iran’s Cultural strategy in geo-culture of the Islamic world (Case Study: Saudi Arabia)
MohammadIn the Contemporary era, world of Islam is faced with violence, instability and suppression of freedom. Saudi Arabia plays a very important role in maintaining these conditions. Saudi prevents the spread of Iranian cultural strategies in the Muslim world. Therefore, the MoreIn the Contemporary era, world of Islam is faced with violence, instability and suppression of freedom. Saudi Arabia plays a very important role in maintaining these conditions. Saudi prevents the spread of Iranian cultural strategies in the Muslim world. Therefore, the question arises why the Saudis are trying to prevent the spread of Iran cultural policies in geo-culture of the Islamic world? Many to answer the question highlight the differences between Shia and Sunni. But we will prove that Iran's cultural strategies arising from its role as Umm al-Qura and based on this role, Iran wants to change the status quo the Muslim world. So, one of the main duties of Iran is supporting of all the Muslims to create unity in geo-culture of the Islamic world. For this reason Saudi Arabia is trying to prevent the unity of the Islamic world through actions such as the spread of Wahhabism and Iran phobia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Iraqi Kurdistan Geostrategy: Review of US and Iran Strategies
The purpose of this article is investigating the geostrategic of Iraqi Kurdistan and analysis of US and Iranian Strategies in this environment. Different geographic spaces of the world in the three dimensions of internal, regional and global Geotechnical and geopoliti MoreThe purpose of this article is investigating the geostrategic of Iraqi Kurdistan and analysis of US and Iranian Strategies in this environment. Different geographic spaces of the world in the three dimensions of internal, regional and global Geotechnical and geopolitical status in terms of geographic location as well as their cultural characteristics have from a different strategic position and on that basis they're playing Different role in policy implementation. The main question of the article is that what is the geostrategy of Iraqi Kurdistan? And what are the strategies of the United States and Iran in confronting this environment? The results of this article show that Iraqi political space environment is Somehow that Unlike Shiites and Sunnis in this land which they have from the relative support of the countries of the region, Kurds are Lacks strong regional support. This problem has driven Kurds to take strategic part and acquiring support from the United States, Israel, and some European countries. According to this, accordingly following the cultural spatial association of Iraq with the peripheral countries, Iraqi Kurdistan has become to the intersection of the interconnected geopolitical affairs and interests and cross country actors. Given this introduction in this article Will try by using Library resources and scientific and research articles to be paid to analyze and explain the geostrategy of Iraqi Kurdistan and analyzing the strategies of the United States and Iran in this environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Digital Transformation Model, Based on Grounded Theory
Abbas Khamseh Mohammad Ali Mirfallah Lialestani Reza RadfarGiven the emergence of Digital Transformation from Industry 4.0 and the rapid dissemination of technological innovations as well as their impact as a strong driving force in new businesses, efforts should be made to identify the dimensions of this core factor as rapidly MoreGiven the emergence of Digital Transformation from Industry 4.0 and the rapid dissemination of technological innovations as well as their impact as a strong driving force in new businesses, efforts should be made to identify the dimensions of this core factor as rapidly as possible. Providing a comprehensive overview of all aspects of the model. The purpose of this article is to provide insights into the state of the art of digital transformation in the last years and suggest ways for future research. This analysis is like a mapping of the subject literature into categories, so that with the help of a number of experts the evolutionary trends can be identified and further researched. In this way, with a deeper understanding of the subject, we have attempted to identify existing gaps. The findings suggest that organizations of all sizes must adapt their business strategy to the realities of digital transformation. This will largely lead to changing business processes as well as managing operations in a new and more intelligent tool-based way. Based on this research, organizations will evolve not just on their own, but on the whole value chain, and this will clearly change the way they produce and deliver value. Organizations can develop their digital ecosystem by creating and developing innovation centers and using open innovation strategy, and as a result, link their digital business to a value chain. Also in this article, we have identified the main categories and subcategories by examining the sources and using the grounded theory approach, as well as determining the relationship between them. Finally, we completed the work by identifying the digital transformation model as the central phenomenon of research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - A framework for establishing a national data vault for Data Governance institution
Nader naghshineh fatima fahimnia hamidreza Ahmadian chashmithe goal of this research is mainly presenting a framework for national data with the concentration on parameters respecting data governance in order to design an effective and comprehensive pattern for all spots interacting with national data. The author has adopted de Morethe goal of this research is mainly presenting a framework for national data with the concentration on parameters respecting data governance in order to design an effective and comprehensive pattern for all spots interacting with national data. The author has adopted descriptive approach and mixed method for this research. In the first step, the articles regarding national data organization are extracted and subsequently accorded with the articles based on technology ecosystem design patterns, 10 key components are formed as main modules. Thereafter, for each module, indexes and sub-indexes are taken into account by considering articles and also taking advantages of interviews and Delphi method. by designing two questionnaires, strategy-management and technical-lawful oriented, total number of 22 indexes and 154 sub-indexes are collected. the research has the capacity of being a scientific reference for the national data vault. it is recommended that development of technical infrastructure and data governance patterns in national level accorded with indexes and sub-indexes counted in this research Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Murder and Typification of the forgiveness (A Case Study of Guilan)
Main purpose this research is “Typification of the forgiveness based on inductive strategy”. In this strategy, the interviewees perception about the forgivness by interpretivism approach have been investigated. This research has been with qualitative method and purp MoreMain purpose this research is “Typification of the forgiveness based on inductive strategy”. In this strategy, the interviewees perception about the forgivness by interpretivism approach have been investigated. This research has been with qualitative method and purposive sampling, and individual and group (Focus group) interviews. According to the logic of theoretical saturation, twenty seven individually and three group were interviewed. Then researcher analyzed interviews with method thematic analyze. Overall,the findings indicates that there are two general type of forgiveness.The first is self- oriented forgiveness and the second is other- oriented forgiveness . In the first part exist various species such as: Forgiveness oppositions, forgiveness supporters, replaced forgiveness and intent - oriented forgiveness. Other-oriented forgiveness can observe types three: forgivenes oppositions, reluctantly Forgiveness and intent-oriented forgiveness. People reacted to the murder of their close relatives to criminal calculate and assess the benefits of forgiveness and revenge, and then act.Based on the research findings the forgivness is time and space, because it depend to the position of the offender or the victim and the time between the crime and punishment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Cloud Computing- The Business Perspective: Appropriate Strategies to Eliminate or Decrease of Weaknesses and Threats
Maryam Ashoori Farid Khosh Alhan najme jooriyanTodays, Internet have been engulfed all aspects of our life. Cloud computing is the newest presenting of internet on the ubiquitous web. Cloud computing considered as a provider of host benefits and has addictive natural in information technology and Business world. Org MoreTodays, Internet have been engulfed all aspects of our life. Cloud computing is the newest presenting of internet on the ubiquitous web. Cloud computing considered as a provider of host benefits and has addictive natural in information technology and Business world. Organizations need to search extra addiction and considering real value of compounding cloud in business. Establishing business on cloud needed deployment models and cloud services. Also we can receive greater services by spending lower costs. This research has studied cloud system and its components, the business perspective, which is starting organization's business on cloud needed. In addition, concepts of core technology and SWOT analysis of small and medium organizations and available challenges have been explained in the world of cloud. Then, this paper has presented suggestive strategies for converting weaknesses to strengths and threats to opportunity. The proposed strategies help decreasing-cost and increasing productivity in organizations and normal users. They cause to improve profitability in business that they related to cloud computing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Offering a Conceptual Framework to Identify the Right Tools to Formulate Innovation Strategy Using Integrating Innovative Capabilities and Decision Making Methods
Farhad Shahmiry Naser AmnpourOf all the aspects of management of technological innovation (MTI), innovation strategy is the most challenging. Appropriate MTI, leads to value delivery, sustaining competitiveness, profit making, refreshing working environments, maintaining and retaining productive la MoreOf all the aspects of management of technological innovation (MTI), innovation strategy is the most challenging. Appropriate MTI, leads to value delivery, sustaining competitiveness, profit making, refreshing working environments, maintaining and retaining productive labor. Successful MTI occurs solely when a broad set of elements and organizational activities are well managed and integrated within innovation strategy of organization. Firms can be very good at the various activities involved in MTI, such as R&D or operations, but this accounts for little unless it is supported by a well-grounded innovation strategy that guides firms’ choices, prioritizations, and sequences. One of the concepts in the field of innovation strategy is innovative capabilities. Innovative capabilities are defined as bundles and patterns of skills used by firms to formulate and implement an innovation strategy involving the creation, extension, and modification of those resources and skills used for innovation. In each phase of the innovation strategy formulation, different tools may be used. Choosing the right tool depends on various criteria. Some of the criteria are as follows: Is firm new or well established, large or small, centralized or dispersed in its organization, deals in simple or complex products and services, operates within well-defined or uncertain technological and market circumstances, with a major or minor impact on society, safety, and the environment. In the article, using an integrated approach of innovative method and innovative decision-making method based on engineering technical innovation, and innovative capabilities, right tools in each phase of innovative capabilities, which finally leads to strategy formulation, is recognized. Some of the most practical tools are SWOT analysis and Delphi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Commercialization in Innovation Management and Introduce Major Commercialization Models for High Tech Industries
Jahangir Yadoollahi Farsi Zahra KalanhaeiToday, the biggest challenge which researchers, companies and investors are faced with is how and by using which strategies they can make new science and technologies profitable. So we should find the problem in commercialization process and state of the opportunity exp MoreToday, the biggest challenge which researchers, companies and investors are faced with is how and by using which strategies they can make new science and technologies profitable. So we should find the problem in commercialization process and state of the opportunity exploitation. The decision of the “right” time to exploit opportunities is an important one in creating a successful business. Commercialization is the important part of innovation process and it’s an inevitable phase of idea to the market journey for every products. Commercialization is an attempt to profit from innovation by incorporating new technologies into products, processes, and services and selling them in the marketplace. For many new technologies, commercialization implies scaling up from prototype to volume manufacturing and committing greater resources to marketing and sales activities. Commercialization strategies indicate different ways of exploitation of researches and technologies that researchers and start-up companies need them for transferring knowledge from concept to the market. On the other hand, decisions to commercialize new technology are closely linked to characteristics of the innovation system in which the firm operates. Choosing a proper Commercialization strategy and also a model is one of the most crucial decisions a firm makes in terms of its ability to profit from technologies developed within the firm. In this article, we define commercialization process and the importance of this issue. Then we introduce some models and strategies used for technology commercialization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Technology Exploitation Mechanisms In Biotechnology
Jahangir Yadoollahi Farsi Zahra KalanhaeiBiotechnology industry has a special place among novel industries and its progress and development speed just in less than three years, is seems surprising. Biotechnology is one of those crucial and important technologies that its success and impact are caused by its ca MoreBiotechnology industry has a special place among novel industries and its progress and development speed just in less than three years, is seems surprising. Biotechnology is one of those crucial and important technologies that its success and impact are caused by its capabilities and extended applications. Most biotech companies are small start ups and although they have been working for several years in this area, they have not been able to achieve significant profitability yet. The evidence proves that there are some problems in process of translating research findings into commercial outcomes. The term commercialization strategy is refers to research and technology exploitation methods in front of researchers and scientists to move their science streams from concept to the market environment. This article intended to identify and introduce the most appropriate strategy of research commercialization in the Iranian biotechnology companies through the mixed methods study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - SWOT table for science and technology parks to choose the best strategy using fuzzy ANP
Mahdi Yosefi Nezhad Atarry Ensiyeh NeyshabooryOrganizations have always taken of internal and external factors and are trying to influence their strategies based on these factors must be designed and implemented. Since science and technology parks and incubators as the interface between universities and industry ar MoreOrganizations have always taken of internal and external factors and are trying to influence their strategies based on these factors must be designed and implemented. Since science and technology parks and incubators as the interface between universities and industry are often Major role in the development of science and economics play in their countries. Most parks and incubators as governmental science and technology under the government are therefore, these centers can be used as an interface between government, universities and industry to act. The status of science and technology parks and incubators in Iran is much the same way. One of the tools which help organizations to develop these strategies using a SWOT table. Using this table, the strengths and weaknesses in the areas of internal factors, threats and opportunities in different areas of external factors and strategies to be formulated. The best strategy for the design of these strategies should be selected. Achieving For best strategy, first strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities are determined. Then seven strategies for attaining goals in science and technology parks are chosen. This paper is the use of efficient tools for multi-criteria decision making, network analysis phase of the process to select the best strategy. Finally, the various strategies discussed and comparative tables, strategy development agreement between the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, and Health industries and banks, supporting professionals was selected as the best strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Explaining Analytical Structure of Strategy in Research and Technology Organizations
Mahdi BandariyanReviewing the literature of Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs), and the studying the reasons of ineffectiveness of those organizations in carryout their role and mission shows that, most of the time they haven’t definitive strategy or their strategies formulat MoreReviewing the literature of Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs), and the studying the reasons of ineffectiveness of those organizations in carryout their role and mission shows that, most of the time they haven’t definitive strategy or their strategies formulated and executed based on incompatible models. In other side, many managers of RTOs are familiar with strategic management approach, but each has its own interpretation of that concept. Accordingly, the raised issue is what is the interpretation of strategy in RTOs? The study’s purpose is to explore the analytical concept of strategy in RTOs, to generate a frame that facilitates the process of strategic management in RTOs. Generally, organizational strategy determines the future direction and draws how the organization wants to achieve it. This study explains the analytical structure of strategy in RTOs and finally concluded that strategy in RTOs is begin by recognizing a technological opportunity based on industry challenges and by achieving that technological competencies which are correspond to those challenges within the budgeted time and money, the strategy achieved successfully. In analytical structure of strategy in Research and Technology Organizations after determining the required technological competencies and the different technological solutions to achieve each of them, the way to achieve any of its technological solutions to be studied. The range options to achieve a technological solution are form technology transfer of foreign sources to internal development in RTOs. Between those two end points, there are different pattern of technological cooperation and partnership to developing a targeted technology, which some of them are strategic alliance, strategic partnership and joint venture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The Advantages, Risks and Challenges of Outsourcing Strategy
Rohollah Khodaverdi Ehsan Zohre bojnordiOrganizations, recognizing that they cannot be world class in every activity and function involved in producing their products and services, are moving toward business strategies based on "core competencies"- a set of "skill and knowledge" that help maintain their compe MoreOrganizations, recognizing that they cannot be world class in every activity and function involved in producing their products and services, are moving toward business strategies based on "core competencies"- a set of "skill and knowledge" that help maintain their competitive advantage in serving customers. Outsourcing is promoted as one of the most powerful trends that improve organization efficiency and growth. Outsourcing was defined as the operation of shifting a transaction previously-governed internally to an external supplier through a long-term contract. The most common benefits of outsourcing are: downsizing, cost savings, restructuring costs, focus on core business, quality improvement, operational expertise, access to talent, capacity management, and risk management. Nowadays organizations focus on core competencies and downsizing and try to outsource other activities to external provider. Also outsourcing helps organizations to achieve new organization's structure like flat organization and fast response organization. This article is aimed at presenting the advantages, risks and challenges of outsourcing strategy. After an introduction with outsourcing, a definition of outsourcing, outsourcing history and a review of outsourcing's features will be presented. In the following sections, we examine the motives and risks associated with outsourcing operations and propose a number of recommendations that require managers to focus on implementation of outsourcing operations. Also the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing are reviewed and a framework for the service activities of outsourcing will propose. The proposed framework considers moderator and independent variables of outsourcing and how they affect service activities. The outsourcing model for service activities emphasizes different service aspects and is also simple and holistic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Knowledge Management and Firm's Competitive Strategy:The Role of Strategic Reference Points (SRPs)
Omid MahdiyeThe best way to achieve competence in global market is through planning and upgrading core competencies. Not only will the knowledge economy change the experience of workers, but organizations and countries must also rethink their economic strategies. How well an indivi MoreThe best way to achieve competence in global market is through planning and upgrading core competencies. Not only will the knowledge economy change the experience of workers, but organizations and countries must also rethink their economic strategies. How well an individual, an organization, an industry, a country does in acquiring and applying knowledge will become the key competitive factor. An organization with a good sense of KM has the potential to create significant value, but only if it is linked to its overall strategy and strategic decisions. Knowledge management (KM) is the latest strategy in increasing organizational competitiveness. The concept of treating organizational knowledge as a valuable strategic asset has recently become extremely common. KM efforts have been primarily focused on developing new applications of information technology, complemented to a lesser degree with implementing new organizational forms. The link between knowledge and business strategy has basically been overlooked. Thus KM has unfortunately developed into a matter of information technology primarily, followed by one of organizational behavior with business strategy generally not even considered. The purpose of present paper is to identify the relationship between KM and the firm's competitive advantage. In the first section the pertinent literature related to knowledge management and its impact on the competitive advantage of the firm was examined. Then the Porter's (1979) five forces model and Wernerfelt's (1984) Resource-based view of the firm were reviewed. In the next section the link between KM and strategy formulation by drawing on the resource-based view of the firm is addressed. In the last section the strategic reference points (SRPs) theory has been introduced and applied for classifying the KM strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Perspectives of Innovation Management In Networks
Fatemeh AbdiNetworks of collaborative relationships among firms are an important form of organization with innovative activities. Especially in innovative and technology intensive industries, firms increasingly realize that, in order to tap into new technologies and know- how, inte MoreNetworks of collaborative relationships among firms are an important form of organization with innovative activities. Especially in innovative and technology intensive industries, firms increasingly realize that, in order to tap into new technologies and know- how, internal development needs to be complemented with strategic collaborations. Strategic networks potentially: - Provide firms with (a) access to information, resources, markets, and technologies, and (b) advantages from learning, scale, and scope economies; - Allow firms to achieve strategic objectives such as sharing risks and outsourcing value-chain stages and organizational functions. On the other hand, innovation which is the corner stone for any company to be sustainable is often identified as a key to inter-companies competitiveness and is promoted through various policy initiatives in many countries. Today, innovation is no longer carried out within individual companies, but often crosses borders in the form of innovation networks. But according to Damanpour, current developed theories which have been studied and suggested during three last decades, dont sufficiently clear and explain the innovative processes and suitable and required conditions for them to become successful. The changed operation settings in companies require a rethinking of appropriate approaches, that is the scope of this paper. In spite of great efforts of companies in managing innovation and connecting and communicating with supplier, partners and research institutions to do this management more properly, information and statistic data show that suitable and coherent approaches have not yet been established. Hence this paper addresses the existing perspectives for managing innovations in networks and their value for practitioners. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Technology strategy and position based models
Seyed Habibollah Tabatabaeiyan Afsoon FahtollahiIn the two recent decades, Technology Strategy is especially concerned as a vital necessity of firms and industries. As a consequence too many different models and approaches have been developed by professors on this era. This article, at first takes a survey on the con MoreIn the two recent decades, Technology Strategy is especially concerned as a vital necessity of firms and industries. As a consequence too many different models and approaches have been developed by professors on this era. This article, at first takes a survey on the concepts of technology and technology strategy. Then it will categorize the different perspectives upon the position of the technology strategy among the business strategy, and then the most important one will be explained. Furthermore, after a brief explanation on technology strategy dimensions, the evolution of managerial approaches will be described. In this paper we have also introduced the characteristics of different approaches for developing technology strategy, especially by positioning based approach, and the well known models of positioning based approach for developing technology strategy are described. As a conclusion, models are getting compared to each other within a table under the basis of deployment steps of models, level of application, key strategic decisions and being product or process technology oriented Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Design of Opportunities Selection Model and their Commercialization in R&D Centres
Ahmad MosaeiNowadays, pay attention to research and development in Iran (our country) is more important than previous and especially more than developed countries. If Research is being directive it could be solvent for most of the disaster. In the current companies R&D is the merel MoreNowadays, pay attention to research and development in Iran (our country) is more important than previous and especially more than developed countries. If Research is being directive it could be solvent for most of the disaster. In the current companies R&D is the merely competitive advantage and only organizations could be sustainable that have installed R&D. Hence this paper aim to develop a directive model for R&D centers in Iran to improve efficiency and effectiveness of such centers. Through Step by step executing of such model, R&D organization could be certain that each of their ideas (if being opportunity) will locate in a directive and default road to arrive the market. This will lead to a clear position to research plan in the R&D organization. The important characteristic of the model is that Market research, marketing, and commercialization are some of the stages of that which lead to inhibit of accumulation of no applicable knowledge in R&D organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Technology Strategy and Resource Base Approach
Omid Majd Rahim Abadi Seyed Habibollah TabatabaeiyanThis article takes a look on the concepts of technology strategy as well as providing detail information on process oriented approach. The other aim of this article is to show the position of the technology strategy among the business strategy and nominate different per MoreThis article takes a look on the concepts of technology strategy as well as providing detail information on process oriented approach. The other aim of this article is to show the position of the technology strategy among the business strategy and nominate different perspectives upon this issue, and then two important perspectives will be explained. Following, the charactristics of different approaches for developing techgnology strategy, especially resource base approach, are introduced and the well known models of resource base approach for developing technology strategy are described. As the conclusion, models are getting compared to each other within a table under the basis of deployment steps of models, level of application, key strategic decision and product/process technology oriented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Entrepreneurship approaches and strategies in universities
Mohammadreza Hamidi zadehUsing the methods, processes and businesses within the framework of production approaches and strategies, retention and revival of pioneer universities knowledge in the country, not only enables the conceptual, scientific and experimental resources of the faculty member MoreUsing the methods, processes and businesses within the framework of production approaches and strategies, retention and revival of pioneer universities knowledge in the country, not only enables the conceptual, scientific and experimental resources of the faculty members and employees of those centers, but it is also a proper pattern for start-up university centers to benefit from the outcomes of knowledge generation and supply. Considering these aspects of knowledge management, introduces universities and higher education centers as the sources of production, creation and renewal of knowledge in the country. In this article, by elaborating the necessities, different types and resources of knowledges the enrichment and transfer approaches are being reviewed. Then , the improving knowledge creation strategies within the organizational capabilities of the universities that conduct to organizational learning of highereducation centers, are being analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Applying Strategic Project Management as a new Approach to Project Management
Elham Soltani teymor marjaniToday, in most project-based organizations, project managers are facing with many challenges. Projects are organizational strategic processes, performed to achieve business goals. Researches indicate a large number of organizations do not achieve the business goals in t MoreToday, in most project-based organizations, project managers are facing with many challenges. Projects are organizational strategic processes, performed to achieve business goals. Researches indicate a large number of organizations do not achieve the business goals in the execution of their projects. Therefore, in order to reduce and control the problems of the projects, the classic project management approach must be changed to strategic project management for optimizing the performance and success of a project. Strategic project management can propel companies to better achieve corporate goals. So, organizations should have a formal planning and execution framework in accordance with the strategic approach, to achieve competitive advantage and better performance. Project managers and teams must learn how to focus the business aspects of their projects and better support their company’s strategy, rather than just focus on meeting traditional time, budget, and performance goals. This paper employs a literature review approach, and presents the description of the strategic project management concept and its difference with classical project management. Then, the strategic project management models that help organizations to achieve success and create a competitive advantage have been reviewed. Finally, the authors have concluded, in order to achieve competitive advantage, project success and better performance of organization, the executive and project managers should consider the strategic aspect of project management and implement strategic project management processes in organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Criminal Entrepreneurial Behavior: Literature Review
Mojtaba Nahid Roghayeh izadiEntrepreneurs play an important role in the economy in order to identify opportunities and to exploit their economic and social needs of the production process and purse market driving. While entrepreneurship is normally researched as something positive, this paper illu MoreEntrepreneurs play an important role in the economy in order to identify opportunities and to exploit their economic and social needs of the production process and purse market driving. While entrepreneurship is normally researched as something positive, this paper illustrates the dark sides of the construct. This conceptual research paper applies entrepreneurship literature to generate new insights into entrepreneurship in organized crime and entrepreneurs in criminal organizations. Criminal entrepreneurship is found in organized crime, where criminal entrepreneurs choose to organize a criminal business enterprise in order to exploit illegal market opportunities. Entrepreneurial opportunities can be exploited in a variety of ways, depending on strategy and available resources. As organised crime is growing locally as well as globally, law enforcement agencies need to develop their understanding of strategic criminal entrepreneurship. Based on perspectives in this paper, the dark side of Entrepreneurship needs to be further explored within both the legitimate and illegitimate business sector in the local as well as global perspective in future research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Investigating the Factors Effecting the Readiness of Universities to Become the University with the Entrepreneurial Features (Case Study: Ferdowsi University of Mashhad)
fereshte sadeghi yaghoob maharati alireza khorakianToday the successful experience of most developed countries as well as some developing countries in overcoming economic crises through the development of entrepreneurship in those countries has made other countries to pay more attention to entrepreneurship, entrepreneur MoreToday the successful experience of most developed countries as well as some developing countries in overcoming economic crises through the development of entrepreneurship in those countries has made other countries to pay more attention to entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs and the formation of innovative businesses. This affects the field of education more than anything else, which has led gradually to change universities towards entrepreneurship. Hence present study is aimed to investigate the factors effecting the readiness of Universities to become the University with the entrepreneurial features in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. According to Morgan table, 114 sample were randomly selected. Face validity were examined with point of view of a number of professors in the Department of Management of Ferdowsi University and construct validity were examined through factor analysis and Cronbach' s alpha coefficient was used to measure reliability. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling analysis and Lisrel software. the results showed that all factors examined in this study i.e. structure, culture, strategy, management and academic links with industry are determinant factors effecting on the readiness of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad to become the University with the entrepreneurial Features But culture and academic links with industry are not very determinant factors. In addition, it was shown that among the investigated factors, organizational structure is the most determinant factor effecting the readiness of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad to become the University with the entre preneurial Features. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Analyzing of the Necessary Factors for the Developing Science and Technology Pole in Qazvin Province
mehrnoosh mirzaei mohammad reza karbalaei rezaei maziar amirhosseiniThe Field of science and technology can increase productivity through the formulation and implementation of supportive policies, proper rules and institutional frameworks. Moreover it can stimulate sustainable economic growth through dynamic technological change support MoreThe Field of science and technology can increase productivity through the formulation and implementation of supportive policies, proper rules and institutional frameworks. Moreover it can stimulate sustainable economic growth through dynamic technological change supported by efficient and effective innovation systems. Creating a suitable environment for national and provincial innovation will allow companies and industries to grow, generate more profits, and create more employment. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analayze the necessary areas for regional development of science and technology in Qazvin province. For this purpose, using the field method, researchers and owners of knowledge based companies as a sample population. The questionnaires were completed and variables with Likert scale were evaluated and defined factors analized and prioritized for regional development of science and technology. The results of this study indicate that Qazvin province should have the necessary indicators to create the science and technology area. With the creation of a pole of science and technology, it is possible to take effective steps in developing the province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Identifying the Factors Affecting Technological Learning in Developing Countries
Nasrin DastranjTechnological learning is defined as an endogenous way of generating technological capabilities in developing countries, reflecting the ability of an organization to effectively use, absorb and adapt external technologies, and develop new technologies over time, respond MoreTechnological learning is defined as an endogenous way of generating technological capabilities in developing countries, reflecting the ability of an organization to effectively use, absorb and adapt external technologies, and develop new technologies over time, responding to environmental changes. Three important features of technological learning include gradual technological change, international diffusion of technology and local technological endeavors. In this research, the factors influencing technological learning have been identified. According to studies, two main components, including technological capability (absorption capacity) and catch up strategy have been introduced as key components. Then, by analyzing the components, the main factors of each have been identified and modeled. Capabilities have been identified with a set of factors that are categorized as enterprise factors (including internal knowledge of employees, organizational strategies, and technological capabilities), national factors (including market conditions and competitive environment, culture and education, policies and regulations, and Technical infrastructure) and global factors (including fluidity, multiplicity of innovations, and complexity of technologies). The level of these capabilities will determine the catch up strategy. Understanding these factors helps to influence the speed and power of technological learning in firms and industries in developing countries. Considering the development of technological capabilities and absorption capacity at the level of enterprises with the aim of promoting the localization of technology, choosing the appropriate method for acquiring technology in order to encourage learning and acquiring new skills, as well as paying attention to the development of complementary capabilities will lead to the development of technological learning and the success of the technological plans in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Strategic Fit Between Innovation Strategies and the Performance of Knowledge-Based Businesses
Farshad Ghaderi Fariborz RahimniaPaying attention to the position and role of knowledge-based companies in advancing the country's economic and social goals is very important. On the other hand, the issue of dynamism and market turbulence in today's markets makes it even more important to pay attention MorePaying attention to the position and role of knowledge-based companies in advancing the country's economic and social goals is very important. On the other hand, the issue of dynamism and market turbulence in today's markets makes it even more important to pay attention to these businesses. The knowledge-based companies are based on innovation in business. However, the turmoil in markets and competition makes it important to pay attention to the dimensions of innovation strategies in different environmental conditions, and the business of students who do not consider innovation in line with environmental conditions may fail in innovation and will not perform well. The aim of this study is to investigate the strategic relationship between innovation strategies and business performance with the role of moderating market turbulence and environmental dynamics. The statistical population of this study includes 115 knowledge-based companies in East Azerbaijan province. In order to analyze the data, structural equation modeling method was used and the hypotheses were analyzed using AMOS software. The results showed that product innovation and process strategy have a positive relationship with business performance. However, the modification test results showed that process innovation performs better in high environment dynamics and product innovation in high market turbulence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - A Study of the Fear of Assessment as a Mediator in the Relationship between the Role Breadth and Organizational Structure with the Strategic Effectiveness
Hamid Reza Oreyzi Atefeh EjeiThis study aimed to investigate the role of the fear of evaluation, in the performance of managers in strategic effectiveness process. In addition the relationship between role breadth and organizational structure with the strategic effectiveness with regard to the role MoreThis study aimed to investigate the role of the fear of evaluation, in the performance of managers in strategic effectiveness process. In addition the relationship between role breadth and organizational structure with the strategic effectiveness with regard to the role of mediators(fear of evaluation).The data from the expanded form of the Professional Analysis Questionnaire(PMPQ) McCormick, Fear of Assessment, Organizational Structure Questionnaire ,Chen and Huang, and Researcher-Made Questionnaire the process of strategic effectiveness, were administered on sixty one managers selected randomly. The results showed significant relation between organizational structure and the role breadth and fear of evaluation is mediate between role breadth and organizational structure with the strategic effectiveness. We suggested based on this result, that we need to considered some situation for release the pressure of evaluation, especially for the people who had a job with high role breadth and formal structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Effects of knowledge management strategy on organizational performance ( case study :Bandar Abbas Industrial Towns)
Mohammad Taqi Amini Mohammad خیری عیسی جمعه زادهToday organizations must be able to gain the necessary knowledge for modernization of their products and improvement of their processes, and also spread this idea among their stuff and apply in their all daily activities. In knowledge-based economy, organizations use kn MoreToday organizations must be able to gain the necessary knowledge for modernization of their products and improvement of their processes, and also spread this idea among their stuff and apply in their all daily activities. In knowledge-based economy, organizations use knowledge management as an essential factor for better performance and to gain the advantage of competition, and in this respect knowledge management strategies play main part in improvement of organizational performance. This article has studied the effect of knowledge management strategy on organizational performance in companies located in Bandar Abbas Industrial Town. Main goal of this study has been the study of effects of knowledge management strategy on organizational performance in companies located in Bandar Abbas Industrial Town in 1393. In terms of the goal of research this study is an applying study, and in terms of method of data collecting is descriptive-surveying research, and in terms of relation between variables of the study it is of correlation type and specifically is based on structural equations. The tool for collecting data is questionnaire. Statistical population of this study was 475 people of managers, deputies, and middle-rank managers of Bandar Abbas industrial towns, that 212 people were chosen as sample using Morgan table to specify the sample size. Analyzing data was done using community average exam and structural equations model. The findings of this study showed that there was positive and meaningful relation between setting knowledge management and organizational performance in Bandar Abbas Industrial Town. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Explaining Positioning Strategies for Firms
فرید ترهندهThe aim's paper is to recognition and explanation of firms' position. Thus, this study presents a evaluating model based on two cores for the strategic positioning of firms. The research method is based on descriptive with especial focused on survey and case study one; MoreThe aim's paper is to recognition and explanation of firms' position. Thus, this study presents a evaluating model based on two cores for the strategic positioning of firms. The research method is based on descriptive with especial focused on survey and case study one; therefore, its model has two dimensions as: Porter's generic strategies and positioning. This model directs seven research hypotheses. Thus, the population for study is electrical equipments industry; therefore, the sample size is 67 staffs. Questionnaires were distributed among 130 employees and vendors of “Part Bargh Iranian” company and at last 56 questionnaires were collected. Questionnaires were distributed among people with internal and external recognition about company. Finally research hypotheses: significant relationship between the Porter's generic strategy model and strategic positioning model, and secondary hypotheses: relationship between the cost leadership and strategic positioning model (Product and firm) , relationship between the differentiation strategy and strategic positioning model (Product and firm), relationship between the focus strategy and strategic positioning model (Product and firm) , all confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Strategy Prioritizing Using LFPP Method and Strategic Map Tracing by Path Analysis Method Case Study:Sepahan Oil Company
سید مصطفی رضوی حسین صفری محمد هادی علی احمدیNowadays companies should have a good strategy and a close partnership with the other companies involved in their supply chain in order to achieve the excellence and sublimation. Balanced Scorecard is a new consept that can provide the necessary conditions for strategy MoreNowadays companies should have a good strategy and a close partnership with the other companies involved in their supply chain in order to achieve the excellence and sublimation. Balanced Scorecard is a new consept that can provide the necessary conditions for strategy map and effective cooperation and a good Strategic Planning. Due to the novelty of this consept and lack of a comprehensive model in this issue, the purpose of this study is to define the consept of BSC and identify its factors and indicators and propose a conceptual model to trace it.finally we use BSC as a tool to model strategies of a real problem. This real case is Sepahan Oil Company. This model confirmed through factor analysis (PA) and structural equation model (LFPP) Techniques. The results of our survey in the case study showed that the Sepahan Oil Company strategies can have a effective and efficient prioritization.By using this segments and their prioritization Sepahan can pass the difficulties and lockouts.The strategic map traced in this paper,help the company managers to have a complete vision on the company and its situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Cultural-Educational Teaching Strategy in monotheistic education from Quran perspective
Hamidreza HajibabaeeiCultural-Educational Teaching Strategy in monotheistic education from Quran perspective In monotheistic education, human being has the power to choose, so is talented to learn deep insights, guides and to strengthen attitudes and toflourish innate talents.And the proph MoreCultural-Educational Teaching Strategy in monotheistic education from Quran perspective In monotheistic education, human being has the power to choose, so is talented to learn deep insights, guides and to strengthen attitudes and toflourish innate talents.And the prophet's emphasis on moral strengthening (majlesi 6 p382) represents a person reaching the wisdom and perfection through the talent development, which is the most important aim of creation and mission. According to this basis, education fits the teachers' physical, mental, social characteristics. In this way, as education becomes qualitive and learning becomes deep, theoretical content of courses will become spiritual and educational, which not only trains the teachers mind, but it also changes his or her views to the universe. Therefore, Cultural-Educational Strategy Scheme for Teaching Courses according toIslam and its enriched culture, promotes the teachers educational roles and creates a relation between science and religion, education and worldview. As a result teachers get to know the courses content according to their religion's culture and in monotheistic worldview. For this purpose, by organizing educational messages in the content of courses and making them effective with the help of teachers, and appropriate context and background will be provide to teach and educate according to Iranian-Islamic pure culture. Quran introduces the prophet as the symbol of humans' insight and attitudes (ahzab33،21،) and believes monotheistic training an effective way to recognize right and wrong and believes it to have deep understanding and insight (anfal،298) it also introduces prophets two main aims as purification and teaching (AllOmran163،3) and these two aims are combined for a more important goal (anaam10،162) that all things are for monotheistic worldview through spiritual education. In this kind of culture, any insight is just a science, but any science is not and insight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Entrepreneurial approach, the dominant approach to creating strategies In Iranian Successful companies
Seyed Mahmoud Hosseini Bahman Hajipour hooshang nezamivand cheginiIdentifying pure and favorable strategies is one of the main concerns of managers and leaders in organizations and this managerial issue has become an important field for research. Many scholars in strategic management field have tried to provide multiple approaches or MoreIdentifying pure and favorable strategies is one of the main concerns of managers and leaders in organizations and this managerial issue has become an important field for research. Many scholars in strategic management field have tried to provide multiple approaches or styles for strategy formation in the organizations. An effective way to identify strategy formation approach is to investigate how successful organizations are directed and lead. In this way, the reliable methods of strategy formation can be achieved by investigation of the organizations. This paper presents the result of a wide study on strategy formation approaches in Iranian organizations. Firstly, using taxonomical statistic method, five successful companies among 29 companies from various industries were selected as a result of their first ranking in their industrial groups during 2011-2013. To do this, six performance indices including asset returns, profit margin, human productivity, market share and sale rate, and profit growth rate were employed. Through the identification of the companies, their revolution trends were examined and the most important strategies leading to their success were determined. Finally, using a questionnaire and a sample of 150 top and middle managers of the surveyed organizations, their strategy formation approaches were identified. Entrepreneurial approach in strategy formation was more effective than formal approach or strategic planning, strategic venturing approach, and strategic learning approach. In some organizations, a combination of two approaches, namely strategic planning approach and entrepreneurial approach were utilized to formulate their strategies. Hence, it is obvious that among investigated companies, this is entrepreneurial approach that can be considered as reliable to formulate successful strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Designing a Management Model for Acceptance New Media Technologies (Media Convergence emphasis
Babak Rahnavard Kamran MohamadKhani Aliakbar Farhanghi Amir Hossein Mohammad DavoudiThis study aim, design a model for acceptance and transfer new media technologies (media convergence emphasis), research methodology is applied research(descriptive) and data collection methods implemented with mix method (qualitative and quantitative),at first stage, r MoreThis study aim, design a model for acceptance and transfer new media technologies (media convergence emphasis), research methodology is applied research(descriptive) and data collection methods implemented with mix method (qualitative and quantitative),at first stage, researcher reviewed a literature in media technology transfer to identification effective components and indicators, at qualitative part of the research, Selected 10 media industry experts to interviewed for identify effective indicators, in quantitative research part, researcher made questionnaire was distributed in the statistical sample of 300 responder from the population of the study and 285 questionnaires were returned. After analyzing , questionnaire responses with Spss software, Cronbach's alpha coefficient (reliability) was obtained α=0.881 and finally using structural equation modeling (SEM), to design a model, evaluation of the model show an absolute fit index (root mean square error 0.094 and chi-square 0.00), Incremental Fitness index of 0.886 and Frugal Fitness index 3.48 ,which indicates the acceptability of the model is introduced and to determine the degree of appropriateness, the second questionnaire was designed and distributed to responds by 30 experts of media and communications, analyze with one sample t test of utility models at 95 percent approval, then using the Friedman test measures the highest and lowest on the model, they were ranked Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Strategic orientation of the business and its impact on brand performance
Ali Pourang PourangUndoubtedly, the success of a business is the business of brand performance. Company performance is influenced by the competitive advantage and competitive advantage, resulting in output of a firm's strategy is to lead a company relative to competitors in the market sho MoreUndoubtedly, the success of a business is the business of brand performance. Company performance is influenced by the competitive advantage and competitive advantage, resulting in output of a firm's strategy is to lead a company relative to competitors in the market shows. Business strategies include integrated measures in search of competitive advantage. This strategy, to a management plan for an area or business' activities of the organization to access corporate resources on its successful business performance drives. This study examines the strategic orientation of the business and its impact on brand performance of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 1388 to 1393 was conducted. The study population was all firms active in the Tehran Stock Exchange that the filters were finally selected as statistical sample of 110 companies. In this study the strategic direction of the business to prospective companies and corporations defensive been divided into two categories and the combined scoring system was used to determine the strategy of each company. In addition to measuring brand performance of the two financial indicators Return on assets, return on equity is used. The results indicate that the strategic orientation of companies in the business a significant effect on brand performance through both indicators are used; In other words direct and significant relationship between the company's strategic orientation in the business and financial performance indicators of its brand through brand performance there. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Design human resource strategy according to jobs grouping in Tehran UAST
seyed aliakbar ahmadi freshte amin مجتبی کاتب reza rasouliHuman resource has earned basic position and become a strategic factor in organizations in recent years. This research is fulfilled by using Mesholm & bamberger model for separation of jobs grouping with the goal of design of human resource strategy in the University MoreHuman resource has earned basic position and become a strategic factor in organizations in recent years. This research is fulfilled by using Mesholm & bamberger model for separation of jobs grouping with the goal of design of human resource strategy in the University of Applied Science and Technology (UAST). Managers and experts formed statistical society of this research and the data is extracted through questionnaires, document study and interview with managers and experts. in this research, strategic coordinates were determined and proper human resource strategies were identified for any group of jobs after data processing. Results show that in the existing situation of UAST Paternal strategy is the dominant human resource strategy according to the experts attitudes. In this research, human resource strategies are also presented in order of separation of jobs grouping in UAST. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Explain the relationship between organizational strategy and competencies on Human Capital value and Human Capital uniqueness
maryam akhavan shirin talebiThe present study was performed with the aim of explore and explain the relationship between Effect of firm strategy on competencies and human capital case study Bank Saderat Iran in Tehran city. Research methodology was type of descriptive-survey and in terms of purpos MoreThe present study was performed with the aim of explore and explain the relationship between Effect of firm strategy on competencies and human capital case study Bank Saderat Iran in Tehran city. Research methodology was type of descriptive-survey and in terms of purpose was applied. The population was included of 7000 employees of Bank Saderat Iran that 351 persons as statistical sample were selected by using Cochran test and cluster random sampling method. Tools used in research was used through Standard questionnaire and then validity and reliability of questionnaire was approved. Software Spss, and smartpls were used to analyze the data by Structural equation modeling that the results indicate positive and significant relationship between all hypothesis. That means Effect of firm strategy on competencies and human capital case study Bank Saderat Iran in Tehran city were approved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Strategic Planning of Knowledge-Based Companies on the Basis of SWOT Model for South Khorasan Province of Iran
Seyed Ali Reza Mohamadzadeh Mahdi faghaniThe aim of this study is strategic planning of knowledge-based companies on the basis of SWOT Model. The present study is conducted with an applied purpose and with descriptive-analytical method. It is a field study when data collection is considered. The data has been MoreThe aim of this study is strategic planning of knowledge-based companies on the basis of SWOT Model. The present study is conducted with an applied purpose and with descriptive-analytical method. It is a field study when data collection is considered. The data has been collected through a questionnaire made by the researcher. The study sample consisted of 228 cooperatives of South Khorasan province of Iran. The data has been extracted using SPSS software and analyzed using SWOT model. The results of the present study indicate that the companies in the cooperative sector of South Khorasan province are in a low level in respect of becoming knowledge-based. Therefore, in the current circumstances, the matching power with indices of becoming knowledge-based for the current status of the surveyed companies is less than 30 percent. Therefore, it seems that educational assessment and planning is needed to promote the knowledge-based indices in cooperative sector of South Khorasan province. It can ensure a promising future for these cooperatives in Iran's 20-year vision plan, resistive economy, knowledge-based products, self-sufficiency, employment, and entrepreneurship. Finally, some suggestions for the cooperatives of South Khorasan province have been presented with regard to the four strategies of SWOT model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The effect of risk and resources on Firm's growth strategies in high tech industries
mohsen Parsajam Bahman Hajipour Esmaeil Fadaei NejadDuring the last decade there was a well known strategy to support startups and enterprenuers to stabilish firms in high tech industries. despite the position of high-tech industries has been weakened especially in export share. Growth strategies utilized by high-tech fi MoreDuring the last decade there was a well known strategy to support startups and enterprenuers to stabilish firms in high tech industries. despite the position of high-tech industries has been weakened especially in export share. Growth strategies utilized by high-tech firms can improve the position. Growth strategies help firms to increase their market share and sale revenues. Hence, current study aims to designate and validate growth strategies of high-tech firms. Research model has been proposed based on the extended literature, the situation of high-tech industry, and experts' views. Data is gathered by a self-administrated questionnaire and would be analyzed by structural equation modeling using SPSS 18 and LISERL 8.54. Population is managers of high-tech firms in Iran. A convenience sampling approach is employed to collect estimated sample. Data achieved from 451 respondents was analyzed. Results indicated that: 1) growth strategies of high tech firms affect their outputs, 2) resources affect growth strategies of high-tech firms, 3) multiple risks affect the utilization of resources by the high tech firms, and 4) high tech firms provide the needed resources for their growth based on the outcomes in terms of profit and/or attractiveness Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - SPECIFY A MODEL FOR SUCCESSFULL IMPLENENTATION of A MARKETING STRATEGY
Ahmad taheri mohammad mehdi parhizgar: Since the companies and organizations paid huge costs on making a strategy, it considered as an important subject in this field. However, proper strategies were offered, main part of the them were unsuccessful and the costs of compilation and implementation were waste More: Since the companies and organizations paid huge costs on making a strategy, it considered as an important subject in this field. However, proper strategies were offered, main part of the them were unsuccessful and the costs of compilation and implementation were wasted. Developing a strategy alone is not enough. effective implementation of a strategy is more important. Today many business sector enterprises have failed to implement right strategies. First we review definition of strategic management and marketing strategy. then , reviewed the role of strategy in vital decision on organizations . Purposive sampling was used to selected 22 senior bankers of Bushehr State commercial banks. It followed by determining an expert group and extracting the elements and effective factors to implementing the marketing strategy in commercial banks. structured questionnaire was applied to gathering data. Finally, we conclude a model that describe factors affecting on marketing strategy implementation successful . The purpose of this study is finding factors that have positive effects on successful implementation of marketing strategy . we recognized Delphi method is proper for this work. Delphi technic is a quantitative method to reach experts idea that lead our to recognize affecting factors they had positive effects on marketing strategy successful .This work important because a lot of money expensed to formulate strategies and mostly are failed. Our final conclusion that 13 factors affected a marketing strategy . actually these 13 factors selected by banking experts among many proposed factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Identify the appropriate approach to strategic planning in knowledge-based companies: Multiple case study
Bahman Hajipour Hamid Reza Yazdani Mohammad AsarianIn market turbulent conditions, classic approach on strategy is too simplistic. Based on their context, companies need a different approach. Not only organizations should adopt a proper approach to strategy implementation or use a right combination of different approach MoreIn market turbulent conditions, classic approach on strategy is too simplistic. Based on their context, companies need a different approach. Not only organizations should adopt a proper approach to strategy implementation or use a right combination of different approaches, but also they should reform such combination consistent with environmental changes. In the present study, Analyzes proper approach on strategy development in knowledge-based companies in Qom Province based on their context. This research is a mixed method and used a multiple case study methodology whit 12 samples. In the present study, Use depth interviews with semi-structured questions for data collection as well as the observations and documents has also been used. Determine each step of strategy Development including survival, uncertainty, network and learning approaches. Then, Determine overall approach on strategy Development by Shannon entropy weighting and TOPSIS techniques. The findings indicate that any company may use different or both approaches simultaneously in different steps of strategy development and Finally, The overall approach in the all of companies is learning approach, which indicates that this category of companies to interact among the members to formulate its strategy drastically need. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Business Strategy Analysis of Electronic Payment Industry, Compatible with strategy palette
امین صحرائی علیرضا معینیIn today's business environment, with increasing environmental changes and fluctuations resulting from more competitive. The impact of environmental indicators such as political, economic, social, cultural, and legal etc. has a major effect on the success or failure of MoreIn today's business environment, with increasing environmental changes and fluctuations resulting from more competitive. The impact of environmental indicators such as political, economic, social, cultural, and legal etc. has a major effect on the success or failure of organizations, while affecting managers and making mistakes in decisions markets and accelerating the environment's instability, managers and their organizations are facing a variety of challenges. The strategy palette provided by Martin Reeves at the Boston Consulting Group Strategy Institute is based on the theory that there is no general strategy approach for all situations. The choice of the right approach has never been so difficult for many different tools against this turmoil. the strategy palette, by expressing some dimensions, tries to distinguish between tools that fit for different environments The purpose of this research is to answer these questions," what is the proper strategy for Electronic Payment Industry especially in the field of POS facilities that is consistent with the category provided by the strategy palette And what is the proper approach to success in this area of electronic payment industry? Accordingly, the indicators presented for all pallet environments measure to investigate the purpose of the study, information collect from two parts. In the qualitative part of the research, the semi-structured interview methodology were used by industry experts and in the small part of the time series of transaction data and statistical analyzes use The results obtained from the analysis describe the environment as "adaptive”, and consider the main approach in reducing scheduling time to implementation And the focus is on analyzing competitor behavior and innovation as the main technique. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Portfolio strategies in industrial marketing With the product life cycle approach
hooshang nezamivand cheginiDetermining the Portfolio Strategies Proper business-to-business placement in industrial marketing for parenting organizations or holdings is one of the most important tasks of planners. In this regard, there are many methods and techniques that many companies have outl MoreDetermining the Portfolio Strategies Proper business-to-business placement in industrial marketing for parenting organizations or holdings is one of the most important tasks of planners. In this regard, there are many methods and techniques that many companies have outlined for developing their own portfolio strategy. The use of the life-cycle model helps companies active in modern technologies and organizations active in the industrial market to first consider their strategies for each of the products without considering their internal constraints. Determine. In this approach, by analyzing the status of the indicators associated with the market, the stage of product life cycle, and determined by the status of organizations in leadership or follow-up, specify attractive products. This paper attempts to present the results of this approach to the Sina Electronic Development Company (holding ICT), one of the major companies active in the communications and information industry. The use of this approach and the results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of this method For industries or fields of modern technology. In this study, the strategic position analysis has also been used to improve the accuracy of the analysis, and the results are presented in the final section. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Designing and Explaining Marketing and Sales Strategies Model in the Food Distribution Industry
mahdi haghighi kafash zohre dehdashtishahrokh vahid khashee var nam khasti reza hajariThe food distribution industry is one of the high-turnover industries facing many problems in Iran. This research is done with the aim of designing and explaining the model of marketing and sales strategies in the food distribution industry .This study is descriptive, e MoreThe food distribution industry is one of the high-turnover industries facing many problems in Iran. This research is done with the aim of designing and explaining the model of marketing and sales strategies in the food distribution industry .This study is descriptive, exploratory and using mixed research method. The qualitative research is done using content analysis and consensus of 11 executive and academic experts. In the quantitative part, 81 questionnaires was distributed between marketing and sales managers of 54 distribution companies. The data are analyzed by structural equation modelling method. The research findings show that marketing objectives, pricing strategies and food distribution strategy are respectively the highest factors of marketing strategy in the food distribution industry and the relationship-based competency of the sales team, the sales team performance and the transformational leadership are the most important factors in the sales strategy. Evidence suggests that the presence of each of the three moderators (the threats and opportunities of new competitors, the strengths and weaknesses of the company, and the influential factors of the post-stagnation era) affects the relationship between marketing and sales strategies. The adoption of a comprehensive approach to the components of the marketing and sales strategies and the coordination between them, taking into account the economic downturn, sanctions and the probable situation of the post-stagnation era, are the most important issues that have so far been neglected in designing the marketing and sales strategies of Iranian food distribution companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Game Theory in Selecting Strategic allies based on Innovation Strategy in ICT
Fatemeh Hajesmaeilian hooshang Nezamivand Chegini Tahmours Hasangholi PouryasouriThe ICT industry is moving from a capital-centric towards a services-centric one. This is due to the emergence of technologies and infrastructures and businesses that challenge the business models of traditional players. Hence, the actors have begun their work with a di MoreThe ICT industry is moving from a capital-centric towards a services-centric one. This is due to the emergence of technologies and infrastructures and businesses that challenge the business models of traditional players. Hence, the actors have begun their work with a different look at the innovation strategy of the new decade. On the other hand, industry activists have considered strategic alliances as one of the most important organizational forms in modern society in recent years. The purpose of this study is to help the managers by identifying the factors influencing the selection of strategic partners and, in particular, the factors based on the innovation strategy, through first analysis of more than 1,400 scientific researches and second customizing factors with the fuzzy Delphi technique. The results show that investment (financing), cost, level of innovation, intangible resources, marketing resources, commercialization risk, time uncertainty and financial parameters are the most effective ones. In addition, industry executives can come up with the type of optimal strategic alliance through profit sharing, financing sharing, innovation sharing, or a mixed of these three, with a quantitative model presented in this research based on Nash bargaining Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Designing a strategic model of industrial sustainable development in Yazd province
حسام الدین جعفری ندوشن Seyed Haidar Mirfakhradini Seyed Mahmood ZanjirchiTo reach sustainable development, economical, social, and environmental elements need to be taken into account. Industrial activities as activities which has distinctive impacts on all parts of development need to be studied more than before. The aim of this study was MoreTo reach sustainable development, economical, social, and environmental elements need to be taken into account. Industrial activities as activities which has distinctive impacts on all parts of development need to be studied more than before. The aim of this study was to present a strategic model of sustainable industrial development in Yazd province. In order to achieve the objectives of the research by using two methods of Unplanned targeted sampling and snowball sampling, the opinions of 15 managers and organizational policymakers of Yazd Industrial Towns (Industrial Experts) were used. The process of conducting this research includes three steps: a) Identifying sustainable industrial development strategies in Yazd province through in-depth interviews with experts; b) Screening identified strategies using fuzzy Delphi technique. C) Presenting a strategic model of sustainable industrial development in Yazd province, using the DEMATEL-ISM method. The results showed that the model of sustainable development strategy in Yazd province has 4 different levels with "studying to recognize global markets for Yazd's goods and services and providing countries guide leaflets" as the highest level which is the underlying element of the model. So, sustainable development in Yazd needs to set out using the mention strategy so that it lays the groundwork for implementing the fifteen higher-order strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Modeling and Analysis Iterated Prison Dilemma Game by Grossberg Counter-Propagation Neural Network
Gh. A. Montazer N. Rastegar Ramshe Alireza AskarzadehMost of the time effective decisions in strategic situations such as competitive issues require a non-linear mapping between stimulus and response. Artificial neural networks can be an appropriate way for modeling and solving these kinds of problems. Prison Dilemma Game MoreMost of the time effective decisions in strategic situations such as competitive issues require a non-linear mapping between stimulus and response. Artificial neural networks can be an appropriate way for modeling and solving these kinds of problems. Prison Dilemma Game is a well-known game that is proposed in game theory. This paper tries to describe how using neural network, the iterated prisoner’s dilemma game can be modeled and analyzed. To do this a Grossberg Counter-Propagation Neural Network (GCP-NN) has been designed to play this game. Results show the capability of this method in complete modeling game. The results present the efficiency of the new method in comparison with the two conventional methods: Tit For Tat (TFT) strategy and Perceptron modeled game. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Estimation of Causality Coefficients in Strategy Maps Using Gravitational Search-Based Learning of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
A. Jahanbeigi A. Jahanbeigi M. RohaniMore than two decades ago, the balanced scorecard method was proposed to control and monitor the strategy of organizations. The most important outcome of this method is the strategy map. The causal relations among strategic goals (SGs) are established in this map which MoreMore than two decades ago, the balanced scorecard method was proposed to control and monitor the strategy of organizations. The most important outcome of this method is the strategy map. The causal relations among strategic goals (SGs) are established in this map which can help managers in decision making process. To have a precise strategy map, it is necessary to estimate the strengths of each causal relation correctly. So, the estimation of causal coefficients has attracted research interest in forming strategy maps. In this way, DEMATEL and Delphi are two well-known methods that are based on the experts’ opinion. However, these opinions are not exact in the complex business fields; so, the computational intelligence (CI) algorithms have been employed for more precise estimation of causality coefficients. In this study, the relations among SGs and their coefficients have been provided by the experts of a banking institution as the input of the proposed method. The main purpose of this study is to improve the precision of causal coefficients using a CI-based algorithm. For this purpose, the strategy map is decomposed into multiple fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) and then, the gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is employed for FCM training. In this way, two objective functions are used for determining the optimal value of causality coefficients. The first objective function is employed for reducing error in the prediction of SG realization percentages. The second objective function keeps causal coefficients in the intervals determined by the experts. Experimental results show that the total error of proposed model is lower than the expert-based model. In addition, GSA performs better than the following algorithms in finding the global optimum point in this real-world case study: particle swarm optimization and ant colony optimization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Designing an Applicable MIMO DC-DC Converter with Multivariable Controller for SMES System
M. R. Alizadeh Pahlavani S. Taghipour BroujeniIn modern power systems, utilization of renewable energy sources makes some difficulties for the power grid. One of these problems is shortage of electrical power during conditions which renewable energy sources cannot generate electrical power. For example, during shad MoreIn modern power systems, utilization of renewable energy sources makes some difficulties for the power grid. One of these problems is shortage of electrical power during conditions which renewable energy sources cannot generate electrical power. For example, during shading conditions, the output power of the PV array is negligible. Using SMES (Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage) systems is one of the applicable solutions which has been proposed to solve mentioned problem. In SMES system, energy is stored at high power inductances and during critical conditions; this power can be delivered to the load. One of the important parts of SMES systems is Multi input - Multi Output (MIMO) DC-DC converter. In this paper, at first step, one topology has been designed for the MIMO DC-DC converter. This topology has remarkable advantages such as fewer electrical elements and better controllability than other topologies. In the second part of this paper, based on multivariable controller strategy, an efficient controller has been designed for the SMES system which can set the output voltages of DC-DC converter at predetermined values. The most important feature of proposed controller is its efficiency at different conditions which some of these conditions make serious problems for conventional controllers. Generally, the objective of this paper is designing one SMES systems with an appropriate controller, which can regulate the output voltages at different conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Multi-Criteria Operation Optimization of Combined Cool, Heat and Power (CCHP) Generation Systems in a Microgrid
M. Setayeshnazar F. AmiriEnergy efficiency is one of the most important issues in the power system studies and many methods are used to improve power systems efficiency. Combined cool, heat and power (CCHP) systems are one of the most important technologies that can improve power system efficie MoreEnergy efficiency is one of the most important issues in the power system studies and many methods are used to improve power systems efficiency. Combined cool, heat and power (CCHP) systems are one of the most important technologies that can improve power system efficiency and these systems use their excess heat for supplying heat and cool loads. This paper presents a framework for optimal operation of CCHP systems in a microgrid. At first the unit cost functions are used to optimize operation of CCHP units. Then the algorithm determines the optimal operating strategy of microgrid units. A multi-criteria operation optimization method is proposed that uses primary energy consumption, pollution emissions and operating costs as criteria. The case study is performed for a nine bus microgrid and the results are compared with reference articles results and the advantage of the proposed method is investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Performance Analysis of Subband Adaptive Algorithms over Distributed Networks Based on Incremental Strategy
Mohammad S. E. Abadi A. R. Danaee M. S. ShafieeThis paper presents the problem of distributed estimation in an incremental network based on the family of normalized subband adaptive algorithms (NSAAs). The distributed NSAA (dNSAA), the distributed selective partial update NSAA (dSPU-NSAA), the distributed dynamic se MoreThis paper presents the problem of distributed estimation in an incremental network based on the family of normalized subband adaptive algorithms (NSAAs). The distributed NSAA (dNSAA), the distributed selective partial update NSAA (dSPU-NSAA), the distributed dynamic selection NSAA (dDS-NSAA), and the dSPU-DS-NSAA are introduced in a unified way. The dNSAAs have better convergence speed than distributed normalized least mean square (dNLMS) algorithm especially for colored Gaussian input of the nodes. In comparison with dNSAA, the dSPU-NSAA, and dDS-NSAA have lower computational complexity and close performance to dNSAA. Also by combination of these algorithms, the dSPU-DS-NSAA is established which is computationally efficient. In addition, a unified approach for mean-square performance analysis of each individual node is presented. This approach can be used to establish a performance analysis of classical distributed adaptive algorithms as well. The theoretical expressions for transient, and steady-state performance analysis of the various dNSAAs are introduced. The validity of the theoretical results, and the good performance of these algorithms are demonstrated by several computer simulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Selection of an Optimal Equipment Maintenance Strategy Using an Inspection Maintenance Model
M. Samadi H. SeifiReliability centered maintenance is a tool for managing the maintenance of deteriorating assets. The basis of this method is the identification of failure mode of equipment, deterioration process, and maintenance scheduling to reduce the risk of failure and maintenance MoreReliability centered maintenance is a tool for managing the maintenance of deteriorating assets. The basis of this method is the identification of failure mode of equipment, deterioration process, and maintenance scheduling to reduce the risk of failure and maintenance costs. One of the maintenance methods used in reliability-based maintenance is inspection-based maintenance. In inspection-based maintenance, a decision about the type of maintenance is made after an inspection and determination of the deterioration status of equipment. In this paper, a model for annual maintenance scheduling of network equipment is provided. The scheduling problem is formulated as a probabilistic model with binary variables as inspection times and the optimal maintenance strategy is determined. This model is implemented on a transformer and sensitivity analysis is performed to analyze the effect of inspection and outage cost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Determining the Consistency in Competencies of Human Resource Managers Based on Ulrich Competencies Model: A Case Study (Mobarake Steel Co.)
iraj soltaniThe current research was performed in Mobarake Steel Co. in order to determine the required competencies in human resources entitled “competencies of human resource managers in companies based on Ulrich competency model”. The statistical society of the study comprises o MoreThe current research was performed in Mobarake Steel Co. in order to determine the required competencies in human resources entitled “competencies of human resource managers in companies based on Ulrich competency model”. The statistical society of the study comprises of 16 human resource managers among 32 and also 90 operational managers among 120 that were randomly selected using the Morgan table. Then two kinds of questionnaires were designed in order to compare the viewpoints of human resource managers about their own performance and also operational managers’ viewpoints about human resource managers’ performance using Ulrich competencies model. The data were analyzed through SPSS software, ANOVA, normality test, one sample T test, two independent sample T test, simple regression, multivariate regression and Pearson correlation. Finally the following results were estimated: Credible Activist 3.12 ,Culture & Change Steward 2.98, Talent manager/organization designer 3.04, Strategy architect 2.89, Operational executor 2.98, Business ally 2.96, and the mean was 3.00. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Designing the Training Strategic Plan of RAH ARTIN Company with SWOT Approach
akbar eydiIn recent Years, using of strategic management is getting popular in various fields such as human resources and organizational Training and lots of firms are trying to find desired future and focus on that in order to make it possible to reach most of the goals. The pur MoreIn recent Years, using of strategic management is getting popular in various fields such as human resources and organizational Training and lots of firms are trying to find desired future and focus on that in order to make it possible to reach most of the goals. The purpose of this article is identification of training strategic plan of RAH ARTIN Company, by means of mixed research methods. Statistical population in qualitative part, line and staff managers, training experts and training manager was 35 persons which by using purposeful sampling 9 of them were selected as the board of strategic committee and 25 of them selected as members of executive team of training. Stakeholders are 90 persons that 70 of them according to Morgan tables were selected by simple random sampling. Means of gathering information in qualitative part was interview of focus group and in quantitative part was a questioner. And for analyzing data we used coding, kappa coefficient, AHP, and quantitative matrix of strategic planning. After coding the results of focus group from first question of research 10 main points were extracted and 3 of them were eliminated after kappa test. Moreover, results of second and third question indicate that opportunities are higher than threatens, and weaknesses are higher than strengths. This indicates that strategic position of training department of RAH ARTIN Company is located in WO’s area. According to the position which was formed from SWOT, 16 strategies were identified. And then after identification of attractiveness of each of them by using quantitative strategic planning matrix, 5 strategies “development of Training infrastructure of IT, ROI of training , Targeted job training, Targeted communication process and Improve the participation of experts within the organization" were selected by strategic and training strategic management executive committee and proposed for designing of operating plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Developing the Strategies of Educational Management in Iranian Red Crescent
Fatemeh Narenji thani mehrab sharifi sedeh seyed hamid jamaleddiniThis study intends to investigate the necessity and importance of education in the Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, with SWOT model, to provide effective strategies for of education system in Iranian Red Crescent. For this purpose, a number of exper MoreThis study intends to investigate the necessity and importance of education in the Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, with SWOT model, to provide effective strategies for of education system in Iranian Red Crescent. For this purpose, a number of experts were interviewed and then determined appropriate strategies in four categories SO, ST, WO, WT. Then, the quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) was used to select the best strategy for developing the education system in the Red Crescent Society. To determine the weight of SWOT factors, a questionnaire based on Likert scale was developed and completed by some organizational experts. The results of the research show that conservative strategies are the most appropriate strategies for the development of the education system. The strategy of "Establishing a Planning and Educational Management System in the Population" with a score of 6.02 was proposed as the best strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - The Role of Blended Learning in Human Resource Development: A Case of Payam Noor University
hossien najafiThe purpose of this research was to examine the role of blended learning on human resource development in Payam Noor University (PNU). This study used a descriptive survey design. The population consisted of 3700 PNU faculty members in 2017-2018. Using stratified sampli MoreThe purpose of this research was to examine the role of blended learning on human resource development in Payam Noor University (PNU). This study used a descriptive survey design. The population consisted of 3700 PNU faculty members in 2017-2018. Using stratified sampling and based on Krejcie and Morgan’s table, 302 faculty members were selected as the sample. The data were collected using two questionnaires: the Blended Learning Questionnaire with five subscales (i.e., pedagogy, methodology, technology, learning styles, and organizational strategy), 40 items, and a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.903; the Human Resource Development Questionnaire with five subscales (i.e., knowledge, attitude, skill, critical thinking, and job satisfaction), 39 items, and a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.893. The hierarchical regression analysis and structural equation modeling were used by SPSS 21 to analyze the data. The results showed that blended learning has a significant effect on all the dimensions of human resource development at the 0.05 significance level: knowledge (0.573), attitude (0.510), job satisfaction (0.362), critical thinking (0.351), and skill (0.241). Several fitness indicators suggested that the model fit the data well (𝜒2/𝑑𝑓 = 1.05; GFI = 0.97; AGFI = 0.93; RMSEA = 0.0029; critical value = 0.38321). Thus, there was a causal relationship between blended learning and human resource development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Studying Challenges of Knowledge Management Maturity with a Strategy-based Approach (Case Study: of Khuzestan Regional Electric Company)
Mehdi Mohammadi hadi zamani jafar torkzadeh Ghasem SalimiThe aim of this study was to assess the strategic based approach of knowledge management maturity in Khuzestan Regional Electric Company. The research method was descriptive. The statistical population included 48 experts of this company related to the knowledge managem MoreThe aim of this study was to assess the strategic based approach of knowledge management maturity in Khuzestan Regional Electric Company. The research method was descriptive. The statistical population included 48 experts of this company related to the knowledge management process, because limitation of population, all of them were selected. The research instrument was Kruger's Strategic-Oriented Knowledge Management Maturity Assessment Questionnaire. After calculating the questionnaire validity and reliability, it distributed among population. For data analyzing, SPSS20 software and descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviations, median and minima and maximum were used. It should be noted that for assessing the maturity of each individual strategy-oriented knowledge management phases, comparison of median with second quartile (equivalent to 50%) was used. The results showed from six stages of maturity, four stages included as follows: decision on knowledge management, formulation knowledge management strategies and Implementation of knowledge management strategies. From 97 indexes, 34 indexes were lower than average score that have been reported as inconvenience of company knowledge management. The strategy of the company should be reviewed and knowledge management should be one of the main pillars of the organization's strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Metaheuristic Optimization of Competencies of Strategic Managers in State Organizations
Gholamreza Abbaspasha davood kia kojoree Mohammad javad Taghipourian GilaniThe aim of the present research was to optimize the competencies of strategic managers in state organizations. This applied research was conducted quantitatively to collect the data. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to determine the level of consensus among res MoreThe aim of the present research was to optimize the competencies of strategic managers in state organizations. This applied research was conducted quantitatively to collect the data. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to determine the level of consensus among respondents on the priority of the proposed indicators for the competency of strategic managers. The relationship between the components of the metaheuristic model was determined by 122 senior and middle managers who were selected by random stratified sampling from the studied organizations: Tehran Governor's Office, Administrative and Recruitment Affairs Organization, Supreme Audit Court, Welfare Organization, Iran Health Insurance Organization (IHIO). Data were analyzed using the metaheuristic approach method based on genetic algorithm and decision tree, using the WEKA and RAPIDMINER software programs. Based on the results of the Shannon’s method, ethics earned the highest priority. Furthermore, 11 out of the 16 extracted factors affecting competency were selected as the optimal characteristics of strategic managers in state organizations using metaheuristic algorithms. These were knowledge competencies, skill competencies, basic competencies, psychological competencies, ethics, general competencies, interactions and communications, resource management, strategic thinking, transformism, and leadership. The findings also show that the most effective factors must be examined to identify and evaluate the competencies of strategic managers in state organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Multi-Label Feature Selection Using a Hybrid Approach Based on the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
َAzar Rafiei Parham Moradi Abdolbaghi GhaderzadehMulti-label classification is one of the important issues in machine learning. The efficiency of multi-label classification algorithms decreases drastically with increasing problem dimensions. Feature selection is one of the main solutions for dimension reduction in mul MoreMulti-label classification is one of the important issues in machine learning. The efficiency of multi-label classification algorithms decreases drastically with increasing problem dimensions. Feature selection is one of the main solutions for dimension reduction in multi-label problems. Multi-label feature selection is one of the NP solutions, and so far, a number of solutions based on collective intelligence and evolutionary algorithms have been proposed for it. Increasing the dimensions of the problem leads to an increase in the search space and consequently to a decrease in efficiency and also a decrease in the speed of convergence of these algorithms. In this paper, a hybrid collective intelligence solution based on a binary particle swarm optimization algorithm and local search strategy for multi-label feature selection is presented. To increase the speed of convergence, in the local search strategy, the features are divided into two categories based on the degree of extension and the degree of connection with the output of the problem. The first category consists of features that are very similar to the problem class and less similar to other features, and the second category is similar features and less related. Therefore, a local operator is added to the particle swarm optimization algorithm, which leads to the reduction of irrelevant features and extensions of each solution. Applying this operator leads to an increase in the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm compared to other algorithms presented in this field. The performance of the proposed method has been compared with the most well-known feature selection methods on different datasets. The results of the experiments showed that the proposed method has a good performance in terms of accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The effect of e-marketing alignment with the organization's macro strategy on improving the performance of commercial organizations
Mohsen Rezaei Alireza Aliahmadi mirzahasan hoseini Mohammadtaghi AminiStrategic alignment of digital marketing activities with the grand corporate strategies is a necessary for new marketing. Increasing development of this type of marketing highlights the necessity for this alignment and synergy. This study aims to identify the factors of MoreStrategic alignment of digital marketing activities with the grand corporate strategies is a necessary for new marketing. Increasing development of this type of marketing highlights the necessity for this alignment and synergy. This study aims to identify the factors of e-marketing of commercial organizations that strengthen this type of alignment. The statistical population of this study includes Iranian companies which are active in the field of digital marketing and have received the Enemad. The number of samples was determined via a random sampling method and using the Morgan table as 384 samples. The research data were collected through questionnaires that were provided to managers and e-marketing and planning experts in these companies by e-mail and Google Form. Questionnaire items were designed in two sections: the first one examined the alignment factors in the company, and the second one surveyed the results of its performance through a balanced scorecard. Replied questionnaire analysis was performed using SPSS and Lisrel software. The research method in this study is quantitative and survey. Using the SEM method, a conceptual model for e-marketing alignment and grand strategies of commercial organizations has presented. Performance measurement of organizations that have used alignment factors with the balanced scorecard method in 73% of cases shows better results than other organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Explaining the Sustainability of the Urban Space System by Formulating, Determining and Prioritizing Urban Development Strategies; Case Study: Kashan
aboozar vafaei rasol heidary soreshjaniToday, cities encounter major urbanization and instability problems in innumerable dimensions, and traditional patterns in the form of urban development plans have not been able to lessen the disorder and instability of the urban space system. Thus, traditional approach MoreToday, cities encounter major urbanization and instability problems in innumerable dimensions, and traditional patterns in the form of urban development plans have not been able to lessen the disorder and instability of the urban space system. Thus, traditional approaches failure to deal with urban problems has led to the formation of a strategic attitude. Regarding the issue, Kashan is one of the cities that has feasibly accompanied with many physical, economic, socio-cultural disturbances influenced by high physical growth and its incompatibility with the capacity of urban infrastructure and ultimately inefficiency of urban development plans that caused the development of the city towards imbalance and spatial stability. In line with the previous studies regarding the pattern of scattered urban growth and the inability of urban development plans to meet the needs and deal with the problems of Kashan, this research is to proceed with explaining the stability of Kashan spatial system by formulating, determining and prioritizing urban development strategies within the framework of a specific conceptual structure. In terms of purpose, the type of research is applied-developmental and concerning the method, is descriptive-analytic. The approach of the present study is also a strategic attitude based on a systemic approach. The results of the research show that the type of strategy applied to stabilize the space system of Kashan is a defensive strategy. While in the evaluation provided in prioritizing strategies using the VIKOR model and choosing the optimized strategy, showed that “Developing the economic development document of the city in accordance with the capabilities and comparative and competitive advantages, especially in the field of industry, tourism and agricultural products” should be considered a priority in urban development programs as a superior strategy by city officials and managers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Foramniferal morphogroups of the Qom Formation in E Sirjan and SW Kashan: implication for paleoenvironmental and paleoecological interpretations
Ebrahim MohammadiThe Qom Formation is the main reservoir and source rock of hydrocarbons in central Iran. Foraminifera are now central to our ability to date, correlate and analyse the sedimentary basins that are currently key to the economic wellbeing of the world. Morphogroup analysis MoreThe Qom Formation is the main reservoir and source rock of hydrocarbons in central Iran. Foraminifera are now central to our ability to date, correlate and analyse the sedimentary basins that are currently key to the economic wellbeing of the world. Morphogroup analysis, due to independence of species level taxonomy, as wel as permit to comparison of assemblages of differing ages, is a useful tool for ecological and palaeoecological interpretation. It is independent of species level taxonomy and is thus relatively elementary to translate from one worker to another. Foramniferal study of the Qom Formation in the Bujan (eastern Sirjan; with Rupelin-Chattian in age and 156 m thickness) and Varkan (southwestern Kashan; with Rupelin in age and 190 m thickness) sections resulted in identification of seven morphogroups. The morphogroups were distinguished according to test/shell morphology and architecture (general shape, mode of coiling, and arrangement and number of chambers), inferred life habitat either living on the surface of the sediments or within the sediments (epifaunal and infaunal), and feeding strategy (suspension-feeder, herbivore, etc.). Generaly, epifaunal morphogroups were dominated in both study sections. The morphogroup analyses showed variations in the percentage of the dominant morphotypes, suggesting fluctuations in the paleoecological conditions. In the Bujan section, the Rupelin deposits are dominated by calcareous porcelaneous morphogroups; while the Chattian deposits are dominated by hyaline morphogroups, which indicates the lower and upper parts were deposited in inner ramp (lagoonal environments) and middle ramps, respectively. This significant change through time reffers to gradual increasing of the basin depth, decreasing the light intensity, reducing the salinity and decreacing the nutrient level. De dominance of the hyaline morphogroups throughout of the Varkan section is indicative of the deposition in middle ramp environments with normal salinity under meso-photic to oligo-photic conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Youths and Escape Experience in Urban Spaces
Fardin AlikhahIn recent years’ urban sociologists and anthropologists have also focused on youth and urban public spaces. On the one hand, there are studies that have proceeded from a criminological point of view and on the other hand, researches that have considered concepts such as MoreIn recent years’ urban sociologists and anthropologists have also focused on youth and urban public spaces. On the one hand, there are studies that have proceeded from a criminological point of view and on the other hand, researches that have considered concepts such as marginalization, exclusion or inclusion of social groups in urban spaces. They address issues such as exclusion by official institutions and youth resistance, and raises the question of how young people try to register their signatures on place by adopting strategies such as personalization of place and territorialization in the heart of public spaces. The present study is based on urban ethnography on the pedestrian-only zone of the northern Baradaran Muzaffar of Tehran. The main purpose of this research is to identify different layers’ marginalization strategies by official institutions and local community, which some urban researchers refer to as "place refinement", as well as different strategies of young people to cope, neutralize and resist marginalization. Ethnographic fieldwork shows that the Northern Baradaran Muzaffar pedestrian-only zone is a place for young people to escape the gaze of official institutions. The strategy of exclusion applied by the official institutions and the local community has not been successful and has led to the resistance among the youth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Presenting a Combined Model of SWOT Matrix and Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Determin.ing and Prioritizing Industry Strategies
mohsen pourqasem atiyeh safardoust Seyed reza SalamiConsidering the importance and necessity of strategic planning to respond to a competitive environment, the purpose of this research is to formulate and prioritize the strategies of a large manufacturing company in the field of household appliances. To answer the resear MoreConsidering the importance and necessity of strategic planning to respond to a competitive environment, the purpose of this research is to formulate and prioritize the strategies of a large manufacturing company in the field of household appliances. To answer the research questions and identify internal and external factors and company strategies, all managers and senior experts related to the field in the company, approximately 70 people, were selected as the research community. To compile the SWOT matrix, some senior managers of the company were selected through purposeful sampling. In the next step, 65 questionnaires were distributed through random sampling, and finally, 57 questionnaires were collected and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis in Smart PLS software. The findings of the research indicate that the company is in an acceptable position in terms of its strengths, but at the same time, the environmental threats are significant. Therefore, the proposed strategy for the company is a competitive strategy, which includes four sub-strategies: designing and developing new products with a focus on strategic and exclusive products, leveraging the experience and technical knowledge of experts to establish companies that produce high-end foreign spare parts with the aim of internalization, defining product quality improvement projects in line with customer needs, and increasing financial investment in the research and development department for product development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Analysis and evaluation of organizational monitoring strategies in the Islamic culture and Islamic Research Institute
Mohammad Mahdi Parhizgar روحاله حسینی Mustafa Hossein AlikhaniControl and supervision is one of the most important tasks of managers of organizations. It is only by using control and supervision that organizations take steps to achieve their grand goals and identify their weaknesses and plan to address them. The purpose of this st MoreControl and supervision is one of the most important tasks of managers of organizations. It is only by using control and supervision that organizations take steps to achieve their grand goals and identify their weaknesses and plan to address them. The purpose of this study is to identify and select the optimal organizational supervision strategy in the Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought. The statistical sample of this research includes 25 managers, experts and thinkers working in the research institute. The required information was collected using two library and field methods, as a result of which nine organizational supervision strategies and eight indicators and criteria for evaluating the organizational supervision strategies of the research institute were identified. Data analysis was performed using TOPSIS software. Based on data analysis, organizational goals, the main strategies of the organization, employee acceptance, management policy, proximity (detection of deviations, savings (cost-effectiveness), ease of implementation, and flexibility, respectively, as the most important ranking indicators Organizational monitoring strategies of the Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought are also classified, as well as holistic monitoring strategies (control in sensitive and key points) and futuristic monitoring are introduced as the most optimal strategy among monitoring strategies and partial (decentralized) monitoring. Is the last priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - A study of CDS experiences in Iran and the world
amir aminzadehIn recent decades, several schools and paradigms have emerged in the field of urban literature, some of which have profound effects on urban spaces, including the "urban development strategy" (CDS) approach, which is one of the most important and controversial, and in s MoreIn recent decades, several schools and paradigms have emerged in the field of urban literature, some of which have profound effects on urban spaces, including the "urban development strategy" (CDS) approach, which is one of the most important and controversial, and in several Recent years have also attracted the attention of many scientific-professional circles in Iran. Although the CDS dates back to the formal formation of the Coalition of Cities in 1999, it later published its official documents in the following years in partnership with the World Bank and the United Nations Center for Human Settlements (HABITAT). He is also the official tribune and executive trustee of CDS worldwide. Today, many managers, planners and urban theorists are trying to develop the question of how and by what mechanisms this approach is able to draw positive changes in the normal life of citizens and reduce urban poverty, based on the successful experiences of CDS. -Develop your role. An overview of CDS implementation in more than 250 Third World cities in less than a decade underscores the fact that the approach is more action-based than action-oriented. However, most cities in developing countries such as Iran experience difficult conditions, both in terms of preparation and referral, because the major approach to management and urban planning in Iran is influenced by the school of classical planning with a focus on design. It is comprehensive in which the dimensions of physical development, arrangement and physical order of cities often take precedence over the social-citizenship dimensions. Although comprehensive plans are developed in Iran with the aim of paving the way for the balanced physical growth of cities, in practice they not only impose a lot of energy and costs on the urban economy, but often most of their goals are never achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The position of Shanghai cooperation organization in Chinese regional and transregional balancing strategies (2010-2020)
Mostafa Pakdel Majd Asghar PirhadiAs an emerging power in the post-Soviet era, the People's Republic of China has experienced an unprecedented upward trend in international balance of power over the past decade, pursuing a strategic approach in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to expand MoreAs an emerging power in the post-Soviet era, the People's Republic of China has experienced an unprecedented upward trend in international balance of power over the past decade, pursuing a strategic approach in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to expand bilateral and multilateral relations with others. In this line, Regional and trans-regional organizations provided PRC with the Suitable foundation for achieving its security, military and economic goals and paved the way for the subsequent rearrangement of the international hierarchy of power. Given the circumstances, based on the theoretical assumptions of the balance of power theory, with a descriptive-analytical approach, the authors of the present essay have sought to answer this strategic question that "what are the main security goals that Beijing pursues in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization?" The hypothesis of this essay is that through the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, increasing cooperation with the Russian Federation and implementation of soft aspects of balancing strategy, China is both seeking to limit the presence of the United States in Central Asia, along with dominating this strategic region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - جایگاه سازمان همکاری شانگهای در راهبردهای موازنهجویانۀ منطقهای و فرامنطقهای چین (2020-2010)
Mostafa Pakdel Majd Asghar PirhadiAs an emerging power in the post-Soviet era, the People's Republic of China has experienced an unprecedented upward trend in politics and international relations over the past decade, taking a strategic approach in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to ex MoreAs an emerging power in the post-Soviet era, the People's Republic of China has experienced an unprecedented upward trend in politics and international relations over the past decade, taking a strategic approach in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to expand bilateral and multilateral relations with others. In this line, Regional and trans-regional organizations and countries provided PRC with the Suitable foundation for achieving its security, military and economic goals and paved the way for the subsequent rearrangement of the international hierarchy of power. Given the circumstances, based on the theoretical assumptions of the theory of balance of power, with a descriptive-analytical approach, the authors of the present essay have sought to answer this strategic question that "what are the main security goals that Beijing pursues in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization?" The hypothesis of this essay is that through the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, increasing cooperation with the Russian Federation and implementation of Soft aspects of balancing strategy, China is both seeking to limit the active presence of the United States in Central Asia and also dominate this strategic region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - NATO's Political and Military Strategy for 2030 and Global Implications
Rahim Baizidi Asgar SafariThe dynamic nature of the international order and distribution of power has transformed the international environment into an arena of rapid political, military, and security developments. The establishment of NATO was also the result of one of these developments, inclu MoreThe dynamic nature of the international order and distribution of power has transformed the international environment into an arena of rapid political, military, and security developments. The establishment of NATO was also the result of one of these developments, including rapid expansion of Soviet's military and geopolitical power. The organization has faced many challenges throughout its life, one of the most important of which was the collapse of the Soviet Union and the disappearance of its founding philosophy. But in the post-Cold War era of international relations, NATO not only sustained its life by relying on its strategic concepts, using Russia's in its domestic power transition, as well as highlighting emerging threats such as terrorism, but also increased its members from 16 countries -before the collapse of the Soviet Union- to 30 countries in 2020. Despite NATO's high level of adaptation to international developments, the global distribution of power is changing rapidly, posing fundamental challenges to the organization. The present study seeks to address three key issues, including the challenges and threats facing NATO in assessing the international political and security environment, NATO's strategy for dealing with these threats, and finally its consequences. Using a descriptive-analytical method, while extracting the system of threats facing NATO, this article deals with some of the most important pillars of NATO's strategy for implementation until 2030. Finally, the global implications of NATO's new strategy are analyzed as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Freedom from the Manifestations of Idols of Ignorance: Elements of Dogmatism and the Opposing Strategies in Mullā Ṣadrā’s Philosophy
Hashem Qorbani Rohollah AdinehIgnorance and dogmatism have always existed in various historical periods of epistemological disciplines and revealed their faces in their opposition to knowledge. Ignorance appears through separation from the necessities of knowledge. The spread of ignorance in the cul MoreIgnorance and dogmatism have always existed in various historical periods of epistemological disciplines and revealed their faces in their opposition to knowledge. Ignorance appears through separation from the necessities of knowledge. The spread of ignorance in the culture of social relationships threatens the place of scientific resources and epistemological cradles. Through breaking the idols of ignorance, Mullā Ṣadrā writes about the objective manifestations of such idols in society. He believes that the promotion of social relationships demands the creation of cradles for knowledge, and any kind of ignorance in this regard will result in the dominance of epistemological inefficiency. Through a semantic analysis of ignorance, Mullā Ṣadrā talks about one of its most obvious manifestations, which is dogmatism. He maintains that moral norms and epistemological necessities fade away in a dogmatism rooted in ignorance. The criticism of ignorance and reproach of ignorants in Mullā Ṣadrā’s portrayal of this phenomenon is manifested based on four elements: 1) lack of verification of mental understanding in conformity to reality, 2) lack of derivation of comparative elements particularly in the light of its functional dimensions such as unjust evaluation, 3) mental stagnation, and 4) defective social competition, which refers to the wrong quality of efficiency. When criticizing the culture of his time, Mullā Ṣadrā refers to the rise of ignorance behind the guise of knowledge as an important epistemological pest. In all his criticisms of this stagnant process, he introduces the weakness of true knowledge in society, spread of social foolishness, corruption of social justice, and frailty of the epistemological foundations of society as its most important outcomes. He propounds the treatment of ignorance in the light of a wise method of living while attending to its necessary elements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Pathology of software export development in Iran
Maryam Saleh Gorgory Mohsen Gerami Vahid YazdanianToday, the new developments of the world economy, including the severe fluctuation of the price of raw materials, the increase in the wages of the human force, the increase in the cost of transportation, storage and other production factors, have made many developing co MoreToday, the new developments of the world economy, including the severe fluctuation of the price of raw materials, the increase in the wages of the human force, the increase in the cost of transportation, storage and other production factors, have made many developing countries to think about entering The field of production and trade of goods that have the least amount of dependence on high-risk economic components. The software industry is one of these industries. In addition to having high added value, this industry has the least need for raw materials and other cost-generating components. In fact, the software industry is a pure knowledge industry and is based on research and development. Our country can also take steps to export software in order to gain benefits from this industry. Considering this, this research has addressed the pathology of software export development. In this research, the statistical population of which are software companies that are members of the software exporters' union, about the demand, national perspective and strategy, international trust and communication, features of the software industry and infrastructure and internal factors are investigated. The results of our research show that the problems of software export are the lack of demand and software infrastructure and internal factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Designing a Digital Transformation Strategy Framework for the Road Freight Transportation Industry Focusing on Internet of Things Technology and Data Analytics
Mehran Ehteshami Mohammad Hasan Cheraghali Bita Tabrizian Maryam Teimourian sefidehkhanThe current research aims to design the framework of the digital transformation strategy of the road freight transportation industry, focusing on Internet of Things technology and data analytics, and uses the research method of design science. This research is fundament MoreThe current research aims to design the framework of the digital transformation strategy of the road freight transportation industry, focusing on Internet of Things technology and data analytics, and uses the research method of design science. This research is fundamental-applied in terms of data type, mixed in exploratory type; According to the time of data collection, it was cross-sectional and according to the method of data collection or the nature and method of the research, it was a survey. Data collection in the qualitative part was done with semi-structured interviews with 20 experts from universities and the road freight transportation industry of Iran who were selected using the purposive sampling method and the principle of saturation. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data in quantitative part and the opinions of 170 employees of this industry who were selected using Cochran's formula and stratified sampling method were obtained. Data analysis was done in the qualitative part with Delphi technique, literature review and coding. In the quantitative part, inferential statistics, one-sample t-test, structural equation modeling, and SPSS and smartPLS software were used. The fifth step of the design science method was done by testing the designed strategy framework in a company in the relevant industry. The results showed that the digital transformation strategy includes two managerial and operational strategies. Also, the consequences, influencing factors, mechanisms, facilitators and obstacles were presented in this framework. Based on the results, among the components of the framework, management strategies need to be further strengthened. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Identifying and ranking factors affecting the digital transformation strategy in Iran's road freight transportation industry focusing on the Internet of Things and data analytics
Mehran Ehteshami Mohammad Hasan Cheraghali Bita Tabrizian Maryam Teimourian sefidehkhanThis research has been done with the aim of identifying and ranking the factors affecting the digital transformation strategy in Iran's road freight transportation industry, focusing on the Internet of Things and data analytics. After reviewing the literature, semi-stru MoreThis research has been done with the aim of identifying and ranking the factors affecting the digital transformation strategy in Iran's road freight transportation industry, focusing on the Internet of Things and data analytics. After reviewing the literature, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 academic and road freight transportation industry experts in Iran, who were selected using the purposive sampling method and saturation principle. In the quantitative part, the opinions of 170 employees of this industry, who were selected based on Cochran's formula and stratified sampling method, were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Delphi technique, literature review and coding were used to analyze the data in the qualitative part. In the quantitative part, inferential statistics and SPSS and smartPLS software were used. Finally, 40 indicators were extracted in the form of 8 factors and ranking of indicators and affecting factors was done using factor analysis. The result of this research shows that the internal factors have the highest rank and software infrastructure, hardware infrastructure, economic, external factors, legal, cultural and penetration factor are in the next ranks respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that organizations consider their human resource empowerment program in line with the use of technology and digital tools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Analyzing the commercialization of technological and innovative products with an export approach (Case of study: Isfahan scientific and research town)
SAMIRA KARIMI Naser KhaniThe purpose of the current research was to analyze the commercialization of technological and innovative products with an export approach (case study: Isfahan Scientific and Research Town). The qualitative study method was thematic analysis. The statistical population i MoreThe purpose of the current research was to analyze the commercialization of technological and innovative products with an export approach (case study: Isfahan Scientific and Research Town). The qualitative study method was thematic analysis. The statistical population included marketing management employees and employees who have experience and knowledge and understanding of the issues related to the commercialization of innovative technology products and are working in the knowledge-based company of Isfahan city. Using the purposeful sampling method, the data obtained from semi-structured interviews with 8 people reached theoretical saturation. In order to obtain the validity and reliability of the obtained findings, the triangulation method was used. From the extracted concepts, 9 core concepts (thinking factor, consultation factor, needs assessment, marketing factor, product export factor, quality improvement, production factor, administrative factor) were identified in 3 major sections (human factor, target market factor, technology factor) . Also, regarding the inhibiting factors, background barriers (economic financial barriers, organizational barriers, support barriers, environmental barriers, and human barriers) and structural barriers (ideational barriers, executive barriers and cultural barriers) were determined. Solutions including needs assessment solutions, advertising solutions, financial solutions, development solutions, skill solutions were also identified. A comprehensive review of the factors, obstacles and solutions presented in this research can have an impact on the success of the commercialization of the products of knowledge-based companies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Qualitative analysis of effective factors in the successful implementation of strategies in Iranian organizations
Hosein Vahidi Sadegh Shahbazi Mohamad Saber ShahrestaniThe relatively high rate of failure in the implementation of the organization's strategies, the comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting the successful implementation of strategies is of particular importance. despite the importance of this issue, so far th MoreThe relatively high rate of failure in the implementation of the organization's strategies, the comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting the successful implementation of strategies is of particular importance. despite the importance of this issue, so far there is no comprehensive research on the explanation of the factors and components affecting the success of the Strategies implementation have not been implemented. The purpose of this research is to comprehensively identify and categorize the factors affecting the successful implementation of strategies in Iranian organizations based on previous studies in this field. This study used qualitative method and for data collection , articles has been used and in terms of purpose this research is practical. in this study based on the searches made among Iranian article databases and internet sources between 2013 and 2023.At the First, 108 articles related to the topic of discovery were gathered and finally 21 articles were evaluated using the meta- synthesis qualitative analysis method and inclusion criteria. Based on the 7-step method of Barroso and Sandelowski and the open coding method, 45 factors were identified and extracted, and in 5 components distributed : planning and management (18 codes), infrastructure and structure (5 codes), human resources. (13 codes), organizational culture (4 codes) and financial and credit component (5 codes) were categorized. Among the final articles, the factor of organizational culture had the most repetition and factors such as strategic budgeting fit, vertical alignment of strategies, etc. had the least repetition among the studied articles Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Impact of Export and Trade Performance on Organizational Strategies (Case Study: Quds Razavi Bread Company)
Omid Behboodi Maryam Ashjaei Arash ApornakToday, strategies are one of the most important issues facing managers of organizations. The strategic plan will be useful and effective for the organization while the developed strategies are implemented in line with each other. The purpose of this study is to investig MoreToday, strategies are one of the most important issues facing managers of organizations. The strategic plan will be useful and effective for the organization while the developed strategies are implemented in line with each other. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the company's export and Trade performance of organizational strategies. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this study, managers working in different units of Razavi Bread Company were studied. The sample was obtained with the standard questionnaire tool and based on Cochran's formula with an error of 0.05 to 100 people. Cronbach's alpha was used to confirm the reliability of the questionnaire and confirmatory factor analysis was used for the validity of the questionnaire. The obtained values indicate the confirmation of the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Also, data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling method using smart pls software.The results showed that IT strategies affect Trade performance, marketing strategies affect Trade and export performance, and finally organizational strategies affect overall performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Review evaluation of systematic literature (green marketing) and analysis of definitions, strategy steps and tools in tourism and hospitality industry (green focus)
SHAHRAM RAFIEI NAEINI Atena Herfehgar Mitra Hosseinpour Sharafshad Mahbube JurjaniIn recent years, growing international concerns about environmental sustainability and climate change are pushing all tourism and hospitality companies (green) to challenge and integrate environmental issues into their strategy and business activities. give, the purpose MoreIn recent years, growing international concerns about environmental sustainability and climate change are pushing all tourism and hospitality companies (green) to challenge and integrate environmental issues into their strategy and business activities. give, the purpose of the preliminary review of this article; Investigating the main drivers of innovation in systematic literature (green marketing). Considering that the number of tourism and hospitality companies (green-oriented) that develop green products is growing rapidly and consumers (customers) have shown an increasing interest in these products. Therefore, knowing the main characteristics of green products, identifying the factors affecting the price and willingness of consumers to pay more for them, sales channels and advertising tools (4Ps of green marketing) will be very useful for companies that intend to design, develop and market. Green products For this reason, a deep understanding of green marketing promotes, on the one hand, cleaner production through the development of green products and, on the other hand, sustainable consumption through their successful marketing. This study uses a systematic literature review method. Specifically, this paper analyzes: 1) dominant definitions of green marketing (and related concepts) and their evolution over time, 2) different steps to create a green marketing strategy, and 3) characteristics of green marketing mix elements. After searching academic publications in three databases (Absco, Scopus and Web of Science) and selecting publications based on their relevance to the stated objectives, 114 studies were included in the review. The results show that the definition of green marketing has changed over time due to the growing relevance of environmental sustainability. According to green marketing strategy, several ways to segment consumers have been identified. Studies are converging on green brand positioning rather than green product positioning, and many of them see it as a chance for differentiation. Referring to the green marketing mix, the results show that: There are many types of green products. And as such, it has important implications for tourism industry managers, researchers and students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Designing the pattern of alignment of organizational elements with the strategies of the organization and its relationship with performance
faride defaei Seyed Mohammad Aarabi saheb1 badreiThe main goal of the current research is to design a model of alignment of human resources strategies, organizational structure and culture with organizational strategies and its effect on the performance of schools covered by Allameh Tabatabai educational and cultural MoreThe main goal of the current research is to design a model of alignment of human resources strategies, organizational structure and culture with organizational strategies and its effect on the performance of schools covered by Allameh Tabatabai educational and cultural complex. Based on the theory of strategic reference points, this research presents a model for coordination between the organization's strategy and the level strategy of human resources and the elements of the organization. Two reference points of low or intense control and internal or external attention were considered as reference points. Based on the strategic reference points (SRP), human resource strategies, structure, culture and organizational strategies were determined and then the relationship between the various types of these strategies and organizational elements was investigated. To measure the performance of the schools covered by the Allameh Tabatabai complex 4 organizational performance criteria of balanced scorecard model (BSC) was used. The statistical population in this research includes managers, employees and teachers of Allameh Tabatabai complex, which are about 400 people. The type is correlation and the unit of analysis is the school. The field data collection method of this research is a questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed with spss and PLS software. The obtained data and their interpretation show that in Allameh complex Tabatabai, the dominant type of competitive organization strategy, the dominant type of human resource strategy, the secondary strategy, the dominant type of mechanical organizational structure, and the dominant type of organizational culture is mission culture. There is an alignment between the organization's strategies and other studied elements. The performance of those schools that are between Organization strategies and organizational elements are more aligned, their performance is also higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Presenting the strategic model of green marketing to obtain competitive advantage components in Kaleh food industry
Mohammad Reza Alizadeh mahdi haghighi kafash babak hajikarimiObjective: The current researcher presents the strategic model of the green brand to achieve the success of competitive components in the food industry, which is done by a combined (qualitative-quantitative) method. Methodology: In this research, in the qualitative pha MoreObjective: The current researcher presents the strategic model of the green brand to achieve the success of competitive components in the food industry, which is done by a combined (qualitative-quantitative) method. Methodology: In this research, in the qualitative phase, using open codes, axes and selection were used, and experts in the food industry, including managers and equipment of Kaleh Company, were selected as samples. Data collection tool in the quantitative part, Excel and SMS software are used. Findings: The findings of the research include 10 dimensions (available resources, innovations, strategies, capabilities, requirements, research and development, facilities and equipment, value creation, entrepreneurship and cost leadership), 6 components (human and support resources, social capital and behavior organizational culture and .performance and opportunities) and 88 indicators were identified. Conclusion: Companies that follow green marketing (especially Kaleh Food Industry Company), try to use company processes and marketing methods to balance environmental, economic and social dimensions to ensure long-term development, to attract customers and Use participation in society. The fit of the model was calculated through the GOF model as the geometric mean of R2 and the mean of sharing, which has a value of 0.830, it showed that the model was favorable and as a result, the overall model was confirmed. Also, the comparison of the research results with the research conducted in this field shows that the results of the research are consistent with the conducted research Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Information Technology, Strategy Implementation, Information Systems, Strategic Planning, Input-Process-Outcome Framework
Mona Jami Pour Shahnaz Akbari Emami Safora FirozehIT strategy is a key factor in improving the process and performance of companies in using IT. Hence, many companies have a strategic planning process, but only a few succeed in implementing strategies efficiently. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design a pro MoreIT strategy is a key factor in improving the process and performance of companies in using IT. Hence, many companies have a strategic planning process, but only a few succeed in implementing strategies efficiently. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design a process framework for implementing IT strategy; To identify the drivers, processes and consequences of implementing IT strategy in organizations. The present study is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach and in order to collect data, open and in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 experts in the field of IT using theoretical sampling. The results of the analysis show that the inputs under the headings of IT strategy implementation include environmental requirements of business continuity, structural-system cohesion, technology-oriented human resources, IT strategic leadership, skill requirements and common values. The second aspect of the IT strategy implementation model includes the dimensions of IT program monitoring and communication, structural appropriateness, development of support policies, budgeting and resource allocation, appropriate training, and the development of supportive culture. Finally, the implications of implementing an IT strategy, including those related to finance, internal process, customer, and growth and learning, were categorized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Sexual Revolution; Damages and Coping Strategies (With the Approach of the Statement of the Second Step of the Revolution)
mehdi omani pari babakeshizadeh oori farzaneh saboori neda mohammadooghli hoora ataeifar zahra boodagi aleni<p>The aim of the present research was to explain the relationship between rumination and perceived stress with life satisfaction in married women in Shiraz. The research method was a descriptive and survey-based. The statistical population included all the women of Shi More<p>The aim of the present research was to explain the relationship between rumination and perceived stress with life satisfaction in married women in Shiraz. The research method was a descriptive and survey-based. The statistical population included all the women of Shiraz city, and 210 individuals were selected as the statistical sample size using a convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Hoeksma and Maro's Rumination Questionnaire (1991), Cohen et al.'s Perceived Stress Questionnaire (1983) and Diener Ammons Larsen and Griffin's Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (1985). The findings revealed that among the dimensions of rumination, the two components of preoccupation and depression had a negative and significant relationship with life satisfaction. However, there was no significant relationship between reflection and life satisfaction. In conclusion, the overall score of rumination was negatively and significantly related to life satisfaction, and ultimately, perceived stress is not a significant predictor of life satisfaction.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Providing a model of accounting strategies based on environmental ethics
mostafa Aghabeigi nasrollahabadi Mansoor Garkaz alireza matoufi Ali KhozeinEnvironmental accounting has also become an important and significant issue in the field of sustainability in recent years in line with the changes in the behavior of companies with the environment. Human societies and accounting professions, without adhering to profess MoreEnvironmental accounting has also become an important and significant issue in the field of sustainability in recent years in line with the changes in the behavior of companies with the environment. Human societies and accounting professions, without adhering to professional ethics They will decline. The purpose of this study is to provide a model of accounting strategies with an emphasis on environmental ethics. The current research has been conducted using a mixed research method in two parts, qualitative and quantitative. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part is university faculty members and in the quantitative part 194 are managers, experts and knowledgeable people in the field of environmental accounting. To analyze the qualitative data, the method of foundational data theory was used, and in the quantitative part, structural equations were used. The findings of the qualitative section showed that six main categories of senior management's commitment to strategy, uncertainty, social legitimacy, environmental monitoring and control, and accounting information system were identified as dimensions of the model. Finally, in the quantitative part of the results of the model, the effect coefficient of the change factors on the results showed the confirmation of the relationships, and from the results of the goodness of fit index, the value of the fit index was equal to 0.943, which shows the strong fit and desirability of the model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - The Fundamental Analysis of Mullā Ṣadrā’s Arguments as an Approach in Demonstrating Corporeal Resurrection
Shamsollah Seraj Hosein Aminparast<p>Mullahsadra has used the distinct views of previous philosophers for proving physical resurrection. He has considered his point of view in line with religion and surprised by those who know the day of judgment as spiritual, their express opposite opinion with doomsda More<p>Mullahsadra has used the distinct views of previous philosophers for proving physical resurrection. He has considered his point of view in line with religion and surprised by those who know the day of judgment as spiritual, their express opposite opinion with doomsday bodies in the from of example body and have referred to the assembling from the graves and the blow of the soul by the angels. however, the involvement of some basic issues, such as the position of the religion, the inclusion of the differences between the world and the Hereafter, the kind of bonds of the soul with the afterlife bodies, and also the constitutive substance of the eternal bodies, has led to a dualism in his vision. Although he has distinguished the quality of hereafter life from the world, in the explanation the quality of the substance of Hellman's eternal body, he has inevitably likened the hell substance to this world. To compare the quality of the earthly body with the afterlife body, the mullah has used two terms of femininity and objectivity. In fact, he has generalized the soul to mentioned bodies. Although, he has considered his method for describing physical resurrection discursive and in conformance with religion, unlike his first claim, by including theosophical issues, he has given less importance to the mere rational aspects.</p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Identifying and Ranking Factors Affecting the Digital Transformation Strategy in Iran's Road Freight Transportation Industry Focusing on the Internet of Things and Data Analytics
Mehran Ehteshami Mohammad Hasan Cheraghali Bita Tabrizian Maryam Teimourian sefidehkhanThis research has been done with the aim of identifying and ranking the factors affecting the digital transformation strategy in Iran's road freight transportation industry, focusing on the Internet of Things and data analytics. After reviewing the literature, semi-stru MoreThis research has been done with the aim of identifying and ranking the factors affecting the digital transformation strategy in Iran's road freight transportation industry, focusing on the Internet of Things and data analytics. After reviewing the literature, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 academic and road freight transportation industry experts in Iran, who were selected using the purposive sampling method and saturation principle. In the quantitative part, the opinions of 170 employees of this industry, who were selected based on Cochran's formula and stratified sampling method, were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Delphi technique, literature review and coding were used to analyze the data in the qualitative part. In the quantitative part, inferential statistics and SPSS and smartPLS software were used. Finally, 40 indicators were extracted in the form of 8 factors and ranking of indicators and affecting factors was done using factor analysis. The result of this research shows that the internal factors have the highest rank and software infrastructure, hardware infrastructure, economic, external factors, legal, cultural and penetration factor are in the next ranks respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that organizations consider their human resource empowerment program in line with the use of technology and digital tools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Providing strategies for revitalizing stagnant mining and industrial companies based on types of industries
Siamak zhaheri hamid asayesh mahdi kamali Mahdi ZahedgharaviStagnation of companies leads to tax, insurance and banking arrears, adjustment and unemployment of human resources, decrease in value and credit of the company, decrease in the value of the company's brand, intensification of partners' differences and legalization of c MoreStagnation of companies leads to tax, insurance and banking arrears, adjustment and unemployment of human resources, decrease in value and credit of the company, decrease in the value of the company's brand, intensification of partners' differences and legalization of company's issues, acquisition of company's assets by non-specialists,... and finally, the added value of the sub-sectors will decrease and production and economic growth will decrease. In order to realize the economic slogans announced by the Supreme Leader (Madazla Al-Ali) during the last few years, the strategies for revitalizing stagnant mining and industrial companies (with many previous and previous connections) should be examined. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to formulate a strategy for revitalizing stagnant mining and industrial companies. Therefore, the current research is based on the purpose of a survey and descriptive relationship investigation. For this purpose, through the method of hierarchical analysis as well as the study of related documents, a conceptual model for the revival of stagnant mining and industrial companies from the group of mining, chemical, textile (clothing and cellulose), food and metal industries with the opinion of 400 experts and stakeholders of this group were defined and compiled. Based on the results of the research, using hierarchical analysis for each group of industries, strategies for revival such as debt reorganization, transfer of management, financing, identification of new markets, sale of surplus assets, etc. were identified and prioritized.. Manuscript profile
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