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Open Access Article

1 - A new reinforcement learning based multi-agent method for traffic shaping and buffer allocation in routers
Hooman Tahayori

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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal" mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0 mso-style-noshow:yes mso-style-priority:99 mso-style-qformat:yes mso-style-parent:"" mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt mso-para-margin:0cm mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt mso-pagination:widow-orphan font-size:11.0pt font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif" mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman" mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family:Arial mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi} Abstract In this paper, realizing the distributed structure of computer networks, the random behaviors in such networks, and the time limitations for control algorithms, the concepts of reinforcement learning and multi-agent systems are invoked for traffic shaping and buffer allocation between various ports of a router. In fact, a new traffic shaper based on token bucket has been developed. In this traffic shaper, instead of a static token production rate, a dynamic and intelligent rate based on the network condition is specified. This results in a reasonable utilization of bandwidth while preventing traffic overload in other part of the network. Besides, based on the stated techniques a new method for dynamic buffer allocation in the ports of a router is developed. This leads to a reduction in the total number of packet dropping in the whole network. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Experimental modeling of migration in Shekarab active fault system (North Birjand)
Mehdi Yosefi Mohammad Mahdi Khatib Ebrahim Gholami

The Shekarab fault system, located in the north of the Birjand city, has fault scarps parallel to main fault. Due to the structural features, mechanism of fault trends in the region, fault-related folding and the occurrence of the migration from the north to the south a More

The Shekarab fault system, located in the north of the Birjand city, has fault scarps parallel to main fault. Due to the structural features, mechanism of fault trends in the region, fault-related folding and the occurrence of the migration from the north to the south at Shekarab fault, modeling is done for the geometric pattern of the fault propagation, which is in accordance with the Shekarab fault zone. In this model, new scarps are formed in the footwall of the previous scarps. According to the results of modeling, the most important factor for creating alternate scarps is the north-south compression in the Shekarab thrust. At each step, by increasing the amount of shortening, the emergence of new faults are observed so that the first thrust is created on the northern side of the Shekarab zone and subsequent faults are created by increasing the amount of shortening up to a maximum of 58%, on the southern side of the zone and on the footwall of the previous faults. In this modeling, the slope of the thrusts is created in four stages of shortening varying between 60-65 degrees, which is comparable with the actual slope of the Shekarab faults of 70 degrees. According to the experimental results, the sequence of thrust creation in each modeling stage is consistent with the sequence of thrust in the Shekarab zone and with the north-south migration of the fault. According to the geometry of thrusts and back-thrust, the model of formation of structures in this fault zone is the foreland breaking sequence model so that the branches of the thrust originate from a point. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The relationships between diagensis, fracture, distribution of matrix porosity, and well productivities in Bangestan reservoir of Ahwaz field
Mehdi Khoshnoodkia محمد حسين آدابي Mahboubeh Hooseni-barzi Mehdi Khoshnoodkia

Ahwaz Bangestan reservoir (Ilam and Sarvak formations with approximately 1000 meter thickness) were deposited in the Upper Cretaceous period, which is deposited in different sedimentological and tectonic situations. Ahwaz Bangestan reservoir is divided into four reservo More

Ahwaz Bangestan reservoir (Ilam and Sarvak formations with approximately 1000 meter thickness) were deposited in the Upper Cretaceous period, which is deposited in different sedimentological and tectonic situations. Ahwaz Bangestan reservoir is divided into four reservoir zones (C-E-G-I) which are separated by zones of dense limestone (A-B-D-F-H). This reservoir is formed due to repeating shallowing upward of shoal-bar to lagoonal facies with distribution of rudist debris, with the exception of younger sequence which belongs to deeper environment. Back shoal facies show frequent depositional changes in vertical and horizontal directions in zones C3-E-F-G-I, the changes which can be seen in reservoir. Furthermore, the effect of basement faults, with trend nearly N-S in Ahwaz Bangestan reservoir, resulted in changes of ancient paleogeography. These changes had an important effect on diagentic changes, depositional setting, and finally productivity in conventional and carbonate fractured reservoirs. Matrix porosity is fabric selective in zones C3-E-G-and I. So, grainstone, and packstone facies have better reservoir quality than wackestone and mudstone facies. Diagensis and meteoric waters affected the top of every exposure cycles, and caused the best reservoir quality in grainstone, and packstone facies and productivity of wells. But, zone C1 of Ahwaz Bangestan reservoir (chalky limestone) experienced dominantly solution and leaching, which caused an increase in matrix porosity, but little changes in permeability. Furthermore, the open fractures developed in zones E, F and G which are located in the central and southern parts of the field. Existence of open fractures are confirmed by mud losses, analysis of sedimentary structure and dynamic reservoir data. Increase of mud losses in some area of limestone zones (D, F, and H) could be an indication of vertical relationship of two reservoirs and absence of sedimentological barrier in these areas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Reviewing and criticizing the formal aspects of language in the works of main poets in the movement of speech poetry
ساناز رحيم‌بيكي غلامحسين غلامحسين‌زاده قدرت‌ الله طاهري

In the process of creating poetry, all the elements involved are formed in the language. So, the language is one of the most basic factors in creating the poetry. Speech poetry is a new branch of Iranian modern poetry in 1370s and 1380s. While the speech poets argue tha More

In the process of creating poetry, all the elements involved are formed in the language. So, the language is one of the most basic factors in creating the poetry. Speech poetry is a new branch of Iranian modern poetry in 1370s and 1380s. While the speech poets argue that they use all capacities of language used among the mass, reviewing the form aspects of language in this branch of Iranian poetry is very important. Introducing and explaining the forms and contents of this branch is an important step in knowing the contemporary literal evolution, while the branch has not been explored in academic literature. For this purpose, in this paper we try to define the speech poetry, its history and its linguistic aspects by focusing on the works of Reza Baraheni, Ali Babachahi, Merdad Fallah, Hafiz Musavi and Seyed Ali Salehi. The method of research is based on the style-linguistic study; the main aspects of language are reviewed in three formation: vocal, lexical and syntactic of public language. The poets of this branch use the voices of periphery, in addition to the terms, expressions, metaphor, proverbs, to enrich the language of their poems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - A Study of the Semantic Parallels of the Concept of Love throughout Persian Poetry using Qualitative Content Analysis
masoume mohammadi Asghar Daadbeh Hormoz Rahimhan

Love is one of the most prominent concepts in Persian poetry that contains broad conceptual capacities to indirectly influence the semantic structure of the constantly transformative grounds of thought and functions of poetry. This research aims to understand whether th More

Love is one of the most prominent concepts in Persian poetry that contains broad conceptual capacities to indirectly influence the semantic structure of the constantly transformative grounds of thought and functions of poetry. This research aims to understand whether through these transformations, the concept of love remains constant in the ever-changing semantic system or it undergoes dissociative fluctuations. Furthermore, this article tries to answer this question by approaching the poetry of different time-periods in their original form and focus on the interpretations that may arise from them. This matter gains further importance when we consider the decisive role that the concept of love plays in touching the reader’s emotions and its corresponding cultural influence throughout time. Hence, this research aims to arrive at the audience’s emotional involvement and the importance of cultural occasions by studying the concept of love in canonical works of poetry extending to different time-periods. Since the cultural occasions must correspond to their semantic parallels of the concept of love, we seek to extract these parallel meanings from the concealed concepts of Persian poetry. To arrive at these hidden components of poetry, this article views the Qualitative Content Analysis method in direct contact with thought centered content analysis. Therefore, two extensive stylistic schools of ancient and contemporary Persian poetry are studied to illustrate the semantic process that the concept of love undergoes and the scope contains some of the most important approaches of Qualitative Content Analysis such as: concealed and apparent meaning, semantic units, interpretive units, regional contents, theme and motif. This research concludes that through this process, the original semantic structure of this concept has been kept by remaining in close contact with its fundamental parallel meanings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - From Class Paradox to Discursive Gap: Reviewing the Classic Marxist from Laclau and Mouffe Post-marxist View
سید صدرا حسینی

Any school of thought throughout its history undergoes many changes and fluctuations. The complexity of the recent modern capitalist societies made the new Marxists to revive the opponents’ position of capitalist system. Laclau and Mouffe are among post-Marxists who are More

Any school of thought throughout its history undergoes many changes and fluctuations. The complexity of the recent modern capitalist societies made the new Marxists to revive the opponents’ position of capitalist system. Laclau and Mouffe are among post-Marxists who are engaged in this attempt. Their criticism of the classical Marxism is due to its dogmatic features and its one-sided and biased analyses. By proposing the concepts of discourse, articulation, mobile identities, hegemony and discursive gaps and conflicts, Laclau and Mouffe try to compensate for the one-sidedness of Classical Marxism which summarizes in economic determinism, class identities, class struggles, and social class gap. These changes are made to increase the effectiveness of Marxism in their analysis of recent modern and complex capitalist societies. The aim of this article is to survey the process of change of Classical Marxist thoughts to Laclau and Mouffe’s post-Marxism. Firstly, there will be a discussion about decentralization of the society following the Post-Marxist perspective, which substitutes the economic determinism in the formation of social order, and secondly, the study points to the idea of antagonism which is a shared concept in both Marxism and Post-Marxism views. The Classical Marxism viewed politics as the class conflict which is lost in the ultimate Communism of class conflict that resulted in a classless society. However, Laclau and Mouffe’s post-marxism points to the endless political conflict and considers it as an everlasting element of the society, and it deems the radical democratic policy as an element that preserves such a conflict. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The explanation of procedures of 11th presidential elections By using of relative deprivation theory
Mohammad

In order to clarify the procedure of 11th presidential elections, the various reasons have been referred to and the quality of hassan rouhani’s politics and his supporting team in election competitions days to election waves created by political groups in his support ha More

In order to clarify the procedure of 11th presidential elections, the various reasons have been referred to and the quality of hassan rouhani’s politics and his supporting team in election competitions days to election waves created by political groups in his support have been emphasized to. In this paper it is attempted to study the reflection of psychological origins and relative deprivation feeling created in Iranian' society in formation of supporting wave of Rouhani. Generally, in individualistic and psychological prospect, the circumstances of changing the existing situation can be looked for in individual imaginations and feelings that in themselves are affected by social changes. In this paper, based on theoretical pattern of “Ted Robert Gar” and considering this presumption that the social dissatisfaction and trying to change the existing situation, is due to the amount and degree of relative deprivation feeling among various groups of every society, the grounds of relative deprivation creation in society including the understanding of inequality in 8-year period of 9th and 10th governments have been studied. Finally, it can concluded that how the various factors like development of universities and their dissatisfaction of government’ performance, the formation of class gap due to the conspicuous difference of per capita income and increasing inflation and expenses and unemployment , have reflected themselves in society’s relative deprivation, frustration and finally a general attempt for changing the existing situation and voting for the most prominent election candidates who is precursor of changing the situation Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The role and position of the Innovation and Prosperity Fund in the development of the knowledge-based economy
Siyavash Malekifar

The foundations of a knowledge-based economy are innovation, technology research and development, which is a costly and risky activity. Given the high cost and risk of technology development, the private sector alone can not do this, and therefore, governments in differ More

The foundations of a knowledge-based economy are innovation, technology research and development, which is a costly and risky activity. Given the high cost and risk of technology development, the private sector alone can not do this, and therefore, governments in different countries have developed various institutions and mechanisms to finance innovation. In Iran, about 10 years ago, the discussion of the formation and development of the knowledge-based economy began with the adoption of the "Law on Protection of Companies and Knowledge-Based Institutions and Commercialization of Innovations and Inventions" and an Innovation and Prosperity Fund was set up to finance these companies. In this article, we take a look at the legal basis for the formation of the Innovation and Prosperity Fund and the various approaches and services of this fund in order to support innovation and technology development and thus the realization of the knowledge-based economy in the country. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Spatial study and analysis of digital divide and levels of development (Case study: Khuzestan province)
saeed amanpour sara Amouzegar moslem arefi

Today, ICT is considered as one of the most important indicators of development and plays a key role in the transformation of societies. Therefore, spatial analysis of this index is one of the basic necessities to understand the geographical changes of societies that mu More

Today, ICT is considered as one of the most important indicators of development and plays a key role in the transformation of societies. Therefore, spatial analysis of this index is one of the basic necessities to understand the geographical changes of societies that must be carefully examined. The purpose of this article, which is applied in terms of research, is to investigate the use of ICT indicators in the cities of Khuzestan province according to the extent to which they have development indicators. The technique of collecting statistics and information in this article is using documentary and library methods and studying the official publications of the country. The statistical population of the study is 24 cities of Khuzestan province and the indicators studied in this research are 18 information technology indicators and also 31 indicators to determine the levels of their development. In this study, due to development inequalities between the cities of the province, first the cities were divided into three groups based on the indicators of development: privileged, semi-privileged and deprived. To determine the amount of digital divide between cities in each group based on the degree of ICT indicators, the PROMTEHEE technique was used. The AHP method was used to weight the indicators used in the grading. The research results show that Ahvaz and Haftkol counties have the highest and lowest levels of development indicators, respectively, and Izeh, Shadegan and Indika counties have the highest counties and Abadan, Ramhormoz and Bavi counties are the most deprived in terms of ICT indicators among other counties. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The morphology of Rend and Lashar Epic
habib jadidolaslam ghalehno

The most famous epic of Baluch meaning Rend and Lashar was formed based on ethnic and regional values keeping the mentioned values, which lead a divesting and erosive war prolonging thirty years between two tribes of Rend and Lashar. The above mentioned epic, which i More

The most famous epic of Baluch meaning Rend and Lashar was formed based on ethnic and regional values keeping the mentioned values, which lead a divesting and erosive war prolonging thirty years between two tribes of Rend and Lashar. The above mentioned epic, which is greatly appreciated among Baluch People is assessed based on its morphologic analysis regarding the elements of story in details such as: Speech’s, behaviors, heroes, the logic of story, space and time, narration procedure, figure of speech and techniques. The objective of the author is introducing culture and literature of Baluch as well the most famous epic of Baluch based on morphologic analysis for those who appreciate and follow the literature of Baluch. There are many books are written on subject of poetic literature of Baluch. However. No considerable and independent book aims introducing Rend and Lashar epic based on morphologic procedures. This thesis is the first independent piece, which regard this subject for sure. The data are gathered using library study method and morphologic procedures. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - The Theory of Benevolence in the Light the Qur'an and Mysticism
محمد تقی فعالی

Religion qua religion has many wide-ranging and vast aspects. The question to be answered is whether we can summarize all those aspects in one and all-inclusive facet. Dealing with the theory of benevolence, this article says yes to this question. The theory suggests th More

Religion qua religion has many wide-ranging and vast aspects. The question to be answered is whether we can summarize all those aspects in one and all-inclusive facet. Dealing with the theory of benevolence, this article says yes to this question. The theory suggests that from one side benevolence is the manifestation of the all-embracing name of al-Rahman, and from another side as the pure religion includes all aspects of religion. The holy name of Allah is the most embracing name of Him; then after this name, comes the fair name of al-Rahman as the most embracing name. al-Rahman is manifested in benevolence. Since religion has been revealed according to the embracing name of al-Rahman, one can say that benevolence is the core essence of religion. This theory has different principles. In what follows, the author has tried to study various aspects of that theory examining its principle and reasons in the light of the Qur’an and mysticism. The conclusion is that benevolence, self-sacrifice and in general mercy are the core essence and all-embracing aspect of religion. The methods followed here are reference-to-library for data collection and analytic-descriptive for judgment Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - The Critique of phillips’s view point about non_realism of the religious propositions

One of the most boisterous topics of the philosophy of religion that has been rooted from the wittgenstien's view points, is the non-realisme of religios propositions. Phillips as a follower of wittgenstien has trid to offer a radical non-realistic. He thought that the More

One of the most boisterous topics of the philosophy of religion that has been rooted from the wittgenstien's view points, is the non-realisme of religios propositions. Phillips as a follower of wittgenstien has trid to offer a radical non-realistic. He thought that the fact is completely linguistic and language is creator of all things. According of his positivist principles, religious concepts have no references to facts. Because this kind of reference is specially for Knowledge. Finally he has accepted the non-cognitive of religious belief and so, on the baisis of this non-realism, he has to deny the objectivity of the metaphysical concepts such as (God). primarily this thesis intended to express the principles that resulted non-cognitive religious language and then expresses the necessaries and criticisms of this theory. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - An Analysis of the Formal Typology of Sunken Courtyards in the Central Plateau of Iran; Case Study: Traditional Houses of Yazd
somayeh omidvari mehdi basouli

The sunken courtyard is one of the spatial types of underground architecture and an important spatial element of traditional dwellings in the city of Yazd. This spatial element is formed in response to a variety of factors, including climatic, functional, and physical r More

The sunken courtyard is one of the spatial types of underground architecture and an important spatial element of traditional dwellings in the city of Yazd. This spatial element is formed in response to a variety of factors, including climatic, functional, and physical requirements. In addition, it allows a family to live in the heart of the earth in the summer, away from direct sunshine, and in the winter, under the protection of the soil. Despite substantial research on the physical and spatial characteristics of subterranean courtyards, little is known about their formal typology. The purpose of this research is to investigate the significance and function of sunken courtyards in traditional Yazd dwellings, as well as the causes for their genesis and their formal typology. This is a qualitative study and the descriptive-analytical methodology was employed. This paper’s data was gathered through a field survey and documents. In this study, 40 traditional houses in Yazd with pit courtyards were surveyed. Following that, eight houses were chosen based on the level of the yards and the spatial features of sunken yards, and were analyzed based on formal typology. As a result, many typologies based on four different themes were presented, including the geometry of sunken courtyards, their location in houses, the organization of spaces around pit yards, and the depth of sunken yards. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Recognition of Unsuccessful Development of Iran's Marine Industries through the Analysis of Current and Ideal Situation of the Industries' Value Chain
Seyed Amir Aghaei Abrand Abadi Seyed Hossein Hosseini Mohamad Saeid Seif Navid Mohammadi

10.7508/jstpi.2017.01.008

Iran's marine industry is of high importance due to the countries 5800 km of coastline, access to the sea in the north and the south, and access to free water although the industry's situation is not as successful as its rivals which started their development plan simul More

Iran's marine industry is of high importance due to the countries 5800 km of coastline, access to the sea in the north and the south, and access to free water although the industry's situation is not as successful as its rivals which started their development plan simultaneously. The purpose of this paper is to examine the gap between current and ideal situation of marine industry to find bottlenecks of development. To do so, the marine industry value chains in other countries are studied and customized with Iran's industry through expert opinions as the first step. Next, private and governmental companies, which have been registered in Iranian Association of Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering, are reviewed and located in the value chain to find industry strengths and weaknesses. Finally, solutions to remove bottlenecks of Iran's marine industry development are proposed. Results are representative of the fact that the majour bottlenecks in supportive activities are the lack of integrated finance and insurance system, occupational skill training system, customs adminstartion, and R&D infrastructure. Moreover, the major bottlenecks in primery activities are lack of vendor list, and weakness of needs & feasibility assessment, supply chain management and technical capabilities. To improve the industry performance, the government should focus on integrated laboratory services, finance and insurance, and regulations to reduce investment risks and private sector should promote its productivity and competitiveness. This research could be used as a basis to formulate Iran's marine industry strategic plan. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Qualitative Identification of Cultural Barriers to Entrepreneurship, Evaluation of Cultural Dimensions and Failure of Entrepreneurs
royae afrassiabi maryam hafezian raziyeh rezayi

10.52547/jstpi.20936.17.67.61

One of the most important tools for entrepreneurial growth and development is the existence of a culture that supports entrepreneurship. In this study, the cultural barriers of entrepreneurship were identified and the entrepreneurial culture and failure culture in the e More

One of the most important tools for entrepreneurial growth and development is the existence of a culture that supports entrepreneurship. In this study, the cultural barriers of entrepreneurship were identified and the entrepreneurial culture and failure culture in the entrepreneurial society were evaluated. This study was conducted on the basis of qualitative and quantitative mixed research. The statistical population included the entrepreneurs of Khorasan Razavi Technical and Vocational Training Centers, which was determined by the purposeful sampling method of snowballs due to the dispersion of the community. The results of the qualitative section showed that entrepreneurs are facing cultural barriers such as lack of culture of creativity, rejection of failure, negative attitude to risk, distrust of women's empowerment, the existence of patriarchal culture in society and organizations and parental opposition to girls' entrepreneurial activities. Also, the results of the quantitative section showed that the rate of failure in the studied community is very high and entrepreneurs agree to give the failed people a chance again. In general, the analysis of qualitative and quantitative results shows that the cultural subsystem in the entrepreneurial ecosystem is not in a good situation and the existing culture is not supportive of entrepreneurship and even prevents the emergence of entrepreneurship in many cases. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Phenomenological explanation of branding components in art education topics and analysis of the gap between education and implementation areas
Haniyeh Jafariyan shahnaz nayebzadeh Abolfazl Davodiroknabadi Sayed Hassan hataminasab

The inability of empower art students to commercialize and branding of artistic achievements and the existence of a research vacuum to identify the components in the field of branding artistic achievements and the need to review the curriculum of these disciplines in or More

The inability of empower art students to commercialize and branding of artistic achievements and the existence of a research vacuum to identify the components in the field of branding artistic achievements and the need to review the curriculum of these disciplines in order to include some components and indicators in This field, has conducted a study with the aim of identifying the necessary components and indicators in the field of branding of art products and services and examining both current and desirable teaching situation in the educational topics of art universities. In terms of purpose this study is basic-applied, in terms of the type of data collected, is mixed, in terms of data collection method is descriptive and regarding implementation method, is a survey research. The statistical population was 6 academic and industrial experts in the qualitative section and university professors in art-related fields in the quantitative section. The sampling method in qualitative section was judgmental and in quantitative section was randomized cluster. A total of 54 questionnaires were completed and evaluated. The data collection tool in the qualitative section was interview and in the quantitative section was questionnaire. The results led to the identification of three general categories of branding parameters including behavioral, perceptual and functional parameters. According to the purpose of the study, behavioral parameters were quantitatively examined. Among the eight components in the behavioral parameters category of branding and a total of 63 indicators, there is a significant difference between the expected and current situation and there is a large gap between expectations and receipts in the components of branding. The result of Friedman ranking test reveals the existence of a significant difference in the mean rank of the importance of the behavioral parameter components in the expected and current situation, as well as the existence of differences and similarities. Manuscript profile

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17 - بررسی علل و پیامدهای حاشیه نشینی در کلان شهرهای کشور (بررسی موردی: حاشیه نشینی در کلان شهر مشهد(

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Managing the formation of Habermas public domain theory in Instagram and Telegram social networks
Ali asadnzhad Ali Jabari Nahid Kordi

The aim of the present study is to manage the formation of Habermas public domain theory in Instagram and Telegram social networks. The research method is field survey and survey. This research is a descriptive research in terms of the purpose of applied research. In th More

The aim of the present study is to manage the formation of Habermas public domain theory in Instagram and Telegram social networks. The research method is field survey and survey. This research is a descriptive research in terms of the purpose of applied research. In this research, after conducting library studies and complete and comprehensive compilation of theoretical literature and research background, a questionnaire has been designed and compiled in line with research related theories and research questions and hypotheses and distributed among the respondents. The statistical population of this research consists of the audience (cyberspace users) whose number is estimated at 8,674.621 million and according to Cochran's formula, its statistical sample is equal to 384 people. Therefore, in this research, by following this formula, 384 people have completed a questionnaire as a statistical sample. Using purposive non-random sampling method, the study sample was selected and the research data were analyzed by Pearson correlation method. The results showed that the highest impact in the first place of Internet access (β = 0.42), the second time of logical and rational critique of political, economic, social and cultural issues in social networks (Telegram and Instagram), respectively (= 0.39 b) The third time, the audience had a two-way and free conversation (all) with government officials on social networks (Telegram and Instagram) (β = 0.38). The fourth time, they used social networks (Telegram and Instagram) (β = 0.17). Manuscript profile

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19 - Introducing a new optimal energy method for targets tracking in wireless sensor network using a hunting search algorithm
Shayesteh Tabatabaei Hassan Nosrati Nahook

In this paper, in order to increase the accuracy of target tracking, it tries to reduce the energy consumption of sensors with a new algorithm for tracking distributed targets called hunting search algorithm. The proposed method is compared with the DCRRP protocol and t More

In this paper, in order to increase the accuracy of target tracking, it tries to reduce the energy consumption of sensors with a new algorithm for tracking distributed targets called hunting search algorithm. The proposed method is compared with the DCRRP protocol and the NODIC protocol, which uses the OPNET simulator version 11.5 to test the performance of these algorithms. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the other two protocols in terms of energy consumption, healthy delivery rate and throughput rate. Manuscript profile

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20 - -
Ghazaleh Alamdarnejad

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- Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - -
nariman Rajabifar

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- Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - -
Zahra Maghsoud

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- Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Using Prominent Regions in Search Space Reduction for Recognition of Printed Farsi Subwords
H. Davoudi E. Kabir

In the most common Lexicon reduction methods, lexicon words are clustered based on their holistic shape features and then each query word image is classified into the closest cluster. As the errors at this stage propagate to the subsequent stages, relevant clusters shou More

In the most common Lexicon reduction methods, lexicon words are clustered based on their holistic shape features and then each query word image is classified into the closest cluster. As the errors at this stage propagate to the subsequent stages, relevant clusters should be selected with a high degree of accuracy. In this paper we present a novel verification method which decides on the validity of the recognized clusters based on a proposed confidence measure. The level of confidence to the selected clusters is measured using local shape features in the verification phase, where it is determined that the selected cluster is acceptable or not. For this purpose, some local shape features of the input subword image are compared to the “prominent regions” of the corresponding cluster. The prominent regions of a cluster are some local regions that discriminate the members of that cluster compared to the other clusters. The proposed verification method along with some predefined rules is used to reduce the lexicon size of Farsi subwords. The experiments conducted on a set of 6895 common Farsi subwords show that our proposed method significantly reduces the search space while preserving the accuracy in an acceptable rate. Manuscript profile

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24 - A Novel Source/Drain side Double Recessed Gate 4H-SiC MESFET with n-Buried Layer in the Channel
S. M. Razavi Seyed-Hamid Zahiri

A new structure named as source/drain sides-double recessed gate with N-buried layer in the channel (SDS-DRG) silicon carbide (SiC) based metal semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) is presented in this study. Important parameters such as short channel effect, More

A new structure named as source/drain sides-double recessed gate with N-buried layer in the channel (SDS-DRG) silicon carbide (SiC) based metal semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) is presented in this study. Important parameters such as short channel effect, maximum DC trans-conductance, drain current and breakdown voltage of the proposed structure are simulated and compared with those of the source side-double recessed gate (SS-DRG) and drain side-double recessed gate (DS-DRG) 4H-SiC MESFETs. Our simulation results reveal that reducing the channel thickness under the gate at the SDS-DRG structure improves the maximum DC trans-conductance and reduces the short channel effects compared to SS-DRG and DS-DRG structures. Reducing the channel thickness under the gate at the drain side of the SDS-DRG structure is used to enhance the breakdown voltage in comparison with the SS-DRG structure. Also, N-buried layer with larger doping concentration in the SDS-DRG structure improves the saturated drain current compared to SS-DRG and DS-DRG structures.‏ Manuscript profile

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25 - Investigation of the Novel Attributes at AlGaN/GaN HEMT with a P-Layer in the Barrier at Source and Drain Side
S. M. Razavi Seyed-Hamid Zahiri S. E. Hosseini

In this work, novel gallium-nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with a p-layer in the barrier at source and drain sides (SD-PL) is reported. Important parameters such as gate-source and gate-drain capacitances, maximum DC trans-conductance (gm), cut o More

In this work, novel gallium-nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with a p-layer in the barrier at source and drain sides (SD-PL) is reported. Important parameters such as gate-source and gate-drain capacitances, maximum DC trans-conductance (gm), cut off frequency (fT), maximum lateral electric field, breakdown voltage, DC output conductance (go) and saturated drain current of the proposed structure are studied in details using two-dimensional and two-carrier device simulations. The simulation results of the proposed structure are compared with those of the source side p-layer in the barrier (S-PL), drain side p-layer in the barrier (D-PL) and conventional structures. According to the extracted results, the proposed structure improves the gate-source capacitance, maximum gm, cut off frequency and go compared to the D-PL structure. Also this new structure reduces the peak electric field at the gate corner near the drain and consequently increases the breakdown voltage significantly in comparison with the conventional structure. Increasing p-layer length (LP) and thickness (TP) in the SD-PL and S-PL structures, improves the breakdown voltage, gate-source capacitance, gate-drain capacitance and go.‏ Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Covariance Matrix Design for SINR Enhancement in Presence of Signal-Dependent Interferers
M. Bolhasani S. Imani S. A. Ghorashi

In this paper, the problem of covariance matrix design to increase signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) in receiver for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radars is considered. Our goal is to design a covariance matrix which can suppress more interferers co More

In this paper, the problem of covariance matrix design to increase signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) in receiver for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radars is considered. Our goal is to design a covariance matrix which can suppress more interferers compared to phased array radar and recent covariance matrix design methods. It can also result in a better SINR level compared to conventional MIMO radars. In this paper, maximum SINR of the proposed covariance matrix is calculated in closed form. Simulation results show that our proposed covariance matrix in addition to achieve better SINR performance, can suppress more interferers compared to phased array radar and recent covariance matrix design methods, by using waveform diversity with the same number of antennas. Simulation results also validate analytical achievements that presented in this paper. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Reactive Power Compensation using optimal capacitor allocation in the Distribution Network in the Presence of Wind Power Plant Based on Information Gap Decision Theory
M. Ramezani mahboobeh etemadizadeh

The presence of uncertain parameters in the power system has created many challenges for designers andoperators of the system including the problem of capacitors in the presence of wind power plants. The answer depends on the amount of load and output power of the wind More

The presence of uncertain parameters in the power system has created many challenges for designers andoperators of the system including the problem of capacitors in the presence of wind power plants. The answer depends on the amount of load and output power of the wind power plant that has uncertain values. In this paper, the information gap based decision theory method is used model the uncertainty in load and output power of the wind power plant. The objective function includes the cost of capacitive banks and energy losses, used to of load Flow based on unscented transformation for calculate energy losses. A genetic algorithm is used to optimize the above problem. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed method has been investigated by carrying out numerical studies on the IEEE 33-bus network. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Hybrid Beamforming in MIMO Systems via Matrix Decomposition

MIMO systems, and particularly massive MIMO systems, achieve high spectral efficiency by using a large number of antennas. An important issue in these systems is beamforming. In fully digital baseband beamforming, an RF chain is required for each antenna, which leads to More

MIMO systems, and particularly massive MIMO systems, achieve high spectral efficiency by using a large number of antennas. An important issue in these systems is beamforming. In fully digital baseband beamforming, an RF chain is required for each antenna, which leads to high cost and power consumption. In analog beamforming, only one RF chain is used and beamforming is performed by using phase shifters. This method does not provide optimal spectral efficiency and thus, analog-digital hybrid methods for beamforming are considered. In this paper, a hybrid beamforming method is proposed in which the required number of RF chains is much less than fully digital method. The precoder and receiver filter are designed by maximizing the spectral efficiency. To this end, the optimal beamforming matrix (which contains the right singular vectors of the channel matrix) is approximated by the product of two analog and digital beamforming matrices. This approximation is improved by an iterative method. The criterion for the proximity of the two matrices is considered to be the Frobenius norm of their differences. In the receiver, the design of the hybrid beamforming is performed in a similar way, using the mean squares error criterion. Also, to improve the method, a gradient-based algorithm is proposed to further reduce the error. The simulation results show the performance superiority of the proposed method over similar methods as well as its less complexity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Design and Implementation of a Compact, Microstrip Coupler with Harmonics Suppression Using T-Shaped and Stepped-Impedance Resonators
sonhan roshany Somayeh karimi Saeed Roshani

In this paper a novel compact microstrip coupler using T-shaped and stepped impedance resonators is proposed, simulated and fabricated. In the proposed structure long quadrature wavelength lines are replaced with small resonators, which results in size reduction and ha More

In this paper a novel compact microstrip coupler using T-shaped and stepped impedance resonators is proposed, simulated and fabricated. In the proposed structure long quadrature wavelength lines are replaced with small resonators, which results in size reduction and harmonics suppression. The proposed coupler correctly works at 1 GHz and suppresses 2nd up to 7th unwanted harmonics. Moreover the designed coupler reduces the circuit size more than 65% compared to the conventional coupler. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Design and Simulation of an ESIW H-plane Horn Antenna with High Gain and Improved Bandwidth
سید حسین حقیرالسادات محمدحسن نشاطي

In this paper by using the radiation slots, the half power beam width (HPBW) of the SIW horn antenna is reduced in E-plane and the radiation pattern is improved. In addition to keeping the dimensions of the structure constant, these slots can have a significant effect o More

In this paper by using the radiation slots, the half power beam width (HPBW) of the SIW horn antenna is reduced in E-plane and the radiation pattern is improved. In addition to keeping the dimensions of the structure constant, these slots can have a significant effect on the characteristics of the antenna. Also placing the reflector plate at a suitable distance from aperture and slots leads to improve side lobe levels (SLLs) and front to back ration (FTBR). Then, to improve the impedance matching and increase the bandwidth of the antenna, the dielectric of the structure is completely removed and non-radiation slots added to the upper and lower plate of the antenna. Removing the insulation, increasing the bandwidth of the antenna compared to a conventional SIW horn and adding radiation slots significantly improves the gain of the antenna. The simulation results shows that the proposed antenna in this paper covers the frequency range of 27.2 GHz to 28.3 GHz and its gain changes between 10.1 dBi to 15.3 dBi with 98% radiation efficiency in this range. Finally, in order to increase the gain of the antenna, a two-dimensional array of the proposed antenna with suitable feeding structure is designed in the H-plane. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Recognition of the Performance Gap Model in Iran's Social Security Organization in order to Approach Shift in Conventional Training
Mohammad salehi Shervin Mashayekhi Taraneh Enayati

The purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions and components of the performance gap in the social security organization. The main method of this study was survey method. Data collection by questionnaire and the analysis is done with the help of PLS software. More

The purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions and components of the performance gap in the social security organization. The main method of this study was survey method. Data collection by questionnaire and the analysis is done with the help of PLS software. The statistical population of the study includes all employees of different levels of social security organization that 395 of them were selected randomly as the sample. Data collected through exploratory factor analysis were analyzed and then finalized the reliance on the confirmatory factor analysis; The research findings indicate that the "performance gap" can be explained in three dimensions: leadership style, work environment, and manpower management; Based on the findings in the first dimension, the components of the "strategic approach", "interactive and transparent work environment", " "style of authority" and "feedback from stakeholders", the components of second dimension are, "performance management", "recruitment and appointment system", "the effectiveness of job incentive tools", "effective training", "compensation system" and "specialized knowledge , and Finally, the components of the third dimension are, "moral and informational discipline", "participatory culture" and "knowledge-based" were confirmed. In this way, while developing the final model of the performance gap in the Social Security Organization, and the provided model had a good fit in terms of the experts' perspective with a strong 0.6 value. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Review the gap between the existing and desired performance of the employees in order to implementation of the human performance improvement in the social security organization
SHERVIN MASHAYEKHI Mohammad salehi TARANEH ENAYATI

10.52547/istd.31469.8.29.123

performance analysis in organizations and identifying the gap of performance , its causes and roots is very important which can improve the quality of services of organizations , customer satisfaction and services . therefore , this study aims to identify the dimensions More

performance analysis in organizations and identifying the gap of performance , its causes and roots is very important which can improve the quality of services of organizations , customer satisfaction and services . therefore , this study aims to identify the dimensions of employee performance gap in order to deploy human performance improvement in social security organization . this research has been done in terms of purpose among applied research and qualitative method . the statistical sample of this research includes 120 experts ( academic and organizational ) and data collection tool is taking notes from texts , theoretical studies and available models . the results indicate that performance gap can be divided into three aspects : leadership style , workplace and human resource management . based on the findings in the first dimension , components of strategic management , structure , processes , style of management and interests of stakeholders , in the second dimension , components of organizational culture , environmental conditions , data and information and finally in the third dimension , components of human resource management , individual competencies , service system and compensation were confirmed . furthermore , by confirming the final model of performance gap , the stages of human performance improvement were identified in five stages . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Celebrityization of Politics: Shaping Forces and Indicators
Ahmad Naghibzadeh mohhamad taqi shariati shiri

Since the entrance of celebrities into the modern political arena several decades have passed. The increase of personalism, populism and the dramatization of politics are only a few of the consequences of the presence of celebrities in politics.. Despite this, this phen More

Since the entrance of celebrities into the modern political arena several decades have passed. The increase of personalism, populism and the dramatization of politics are only a few of the consequences of the presence of celebrities in politics.. Despite this, this phenomenon has been intentionally or unintentionally left out of serious academic discussions or completely ignored, and therefore there is a great theoretical void felt within it. Although some thinkers have set forth the new concept of celebritization of society, the subject has largely remained at the level of sociology and has not been extended into the political science. This is where the upcoming research tries to fill th the gap of theory in the field of politics and to pave the way for further research on such a common phenomenon in today's politics, to identify the forces that shape the celebrityization of politics and elaborate on its indicators..To achieve this goal and by using the theory of celebrityization of society, the authors put forward the hypothesis that the forces that shape celebrityization include network governance, mediaization, and presidentialization of politics, which lead to the following indicators: politicization, informalization of politics, decline of parties. Politics and the emergence of new citizens and everyday makers. The method of collecting documentary and library information and the method of judging the data is based on referring to the first category sources and analyzing them to provide the documents needed in examining the hypothesis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - perception of Parenting Styles and Thriving in Emerging Adulthood: The Mediating Role of Life- management strategies
reyhane eskandari Elahe Hejazi zahra naghsh

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perception of parenting styles and components of thriving with mediating role of life management strategies among emerging adulthood. A total of 487 Universities students 18-29 yerars old emerging adults More

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perception of parenting styles and components of thriving with mediating role of life management strategies among emerging adulthood. A total of 487 Universities students 18-29 yerars old emerging adults responding a survey included the Inventory of the The questionnaire of perceived parenting practices (Grolnick et al., 1997) , Life-management strategies questionnaire (Geldhof et al., 2015) and Positive Youth Development Inventory (Arnold et al., 2012) volunteerly. Data were analaysed with structural equation model method and the results show the Perception of Parenting styles and Life-management strategies have positive significance effect on thriving. Furthermore the indirect effect of Perception of Parenting styles via mediating role of life management strategies on thriving is significant. As results indicated the model of Perception of mother predict 40% variation of thriving and the model of Perception of father 45% variation of thriving. In general our findings suggest that Perception of Parenting styles alongside individual variable can affect on thriving in emerging adulthood. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Relationship of Work-Family Conflict and Spillover with Psychosomatic Complaints Considering the Mediating Role of Work Anxiety
mohsen Golparvar

The purpose of the current research was to investigate the relationship of work-family conflict and spillover with psycho-somatic com-plaints by considering the role of work anxiety. The research method was correlational and the sample consisted of 254 employees of an i More

The purpose of the current research was to investigate the relationship of work-family conflict and spillover with psycho-somatic com-plaints by considering the role of work anxiety. The research method was correlational and the sample consisted of 254 employees of an industrial company. Research instruments included Work-Family Conflict Questionnaire (WFCQ), Work-Family Spill-over Questionnaire (WFSQ), Psychosomatic Complaints Questionnaire (PCQ), and Work Anxiety Questionnaire (WAQ), (researcher made). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between work-family and family-work conflict with psychosomatic complaints and work anxiety (P<0.01), negative significant relationship between positive family-work spill-over with psychosomatic complaints, and work anxiety (P<0.05). Also, results showed that there is a positive significant relationship between work anxiety and psychosomatic complaints. Results of the structural equation modeling with mediation analysis also showed that work anxiety is a partial mediator in the relationship of family-work conflict with psychosomatic complaints. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Book Review: Science of Mind or Psychology from the Standpoint of Education
Esmaeil Naseri

Abstract: The book "Science of Mind or Psychology from the Standpoint of Education" by Ali Akbar Siassi (1938) is mentioned as the first academic textbook of psychology in Iran. In this article, an attempt has been made to review and critique this work according to the More

Abstract: The book "Science of Mind or Psychology from the Standpoint of Education" by Ali Akbar Siassi (1938) is mentioned as the first academic textbook of psychology in Iran. In this article, an attempt has been made to review and critique this work according to the book review method of the Council for the Study of Humanities Texts. This work has most of the apparent indicators of the books, including the title page, preface, table of contents, list of terms, list of names, and list of gravures (photos, figures, tables, and diagrams). The lack of an introduction, both at the beginning of the book and at the beginning of the chapters, and the lack of a list of sources at the end of the book are among the most significant shortcomings of this work in the later form. In terms of content, the relevance of the book's content to the current topics of general psychology, the organization of the book's chapters according to the topics of the science of mind, attention to empirical psycho-logy, pioneering word retrieval, attention to educating children and adolescents, examining important theories of psychology and Criticism of them, and attention to Iranian sources, are among the strengths of the book. The weaknesses in referencing and not updating the latest editions of the book, are among the most significant shortcomings of this work. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - Formulation of the design principles of physical elements of the mosque with emphasis on form hierarchies in order to increase attendance (Case Study: Mosque of Qajar period in Shiraz)
Hadi Keshmiri ali akbar heidari fatemeh emad

In the last decade, more than before, there is a need to find a solution to increase interest in attending mosques. With the modernization of human life, human’s spiritual need for worship has made them need to attend mosques. However, human beings are less interested i More

In the last decade, more than before, there is a need to find a solution to increase interest in attending mosques. With the modernization of human life, human’s spiritual need for worship has made them need to attend mosques. However, human beings are less interested in using and staying in these spaces than before. This research first seeks to find the answer to the question, what is the formal hierarchy of mosques during the Qajar period in Shiraz? And secondly, what are the principles of designing the physical elements of the mosque with an emphasis on form hierarchies in order to increase attendance? The purpose of this article is to find principles for designing mosques with emphasis on shape hierarchy in order to increase attendance. For this purpose, the principle of hierarchy in mosques was first discussed with field studies and library surveys. Then the design proposals were prepared according to the criteria of visual ecology obtained in library studies. These suggestions were evaluated in the form of a questionnaire among experts using the Delphi method. Then, the results of this questionnaire were analyzed in SPSS v25 software to check compliance or non-compliance, the degree of influence and the importance of the proposed solutions in the Qajar mosques of Shiraz. According to the analysis carried out in this research, the most effective solutions that can create a formal hierarchy, as a result of increasing spirituality and interest in attending mosques, are solutions such as increasing "additional and decorative elements" and "Make the roof lines more visible" in the design. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - Study on flora, life form and chorotype of Kandoleh, Kermanshah province
Rasoul Bagherabadi

The study of the flora is important in management and development of natural resources because it shows the plant species presence and vegetation cover condition. The aim of this research was to identify the plant species, introducing the flora, determination of life fo More

The study of the flora is important in management and development of natural resources because it shows the plant species presence and vegetation cover condition. The aim of this research was to identify the plant species, introducing the flora, determination of life forms, and plant geographical distribution of Kandoleh, in Kermanshah province. During vegetation growth, from 2020 we collected and identified plant species in the study region, and floristic list was provided. The results showed the collected species belong to 78 genera and 21 species in the region. The most important families were, Graminae (15.51%), Compositae (13.79%) and Leguminosae (10.3%) and Campanulaceae (9.48%) and Labiatae (8.6%). Life forms of plant species included hemicritophytosis 41.3%, tetrophytes 33.6%, chamaephytes 11.2%, Geophytes 8.6% and phanerophytes 5.1%. The high percentage of hemicritopathitis species indicated that the area has cold climate. The plants geographical distribution is related to Irano-touranian(75.57%), European- Mediterranean (15.51%), Irano-touranian/ Europe–Siberean (7.75%), cosmopolitan (3/34%), plural (3/4%), touranian (3.34%), Europe – Siberean (2.58%), Irano-touranian/ Mediterranean/ Europe – Siberean/ (1.72%), Irano-touranian/ Sahara-Sindian (0.86) Sahara-Sindian (0.86). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Wellbore Stability Analysis During Drilling Using Geomechanical Model and FLAC3D Software in Asmari Reservoir, Ahwaz Oil Field
Mohammad میرانی

Abstract Oil reservoirs are one of the important sources of energy due to which is caused by specific rock mechanical properties, the ability to maintain hydrocarbon fluids. One of the major problems that are occurred during drilling a well is instability of the well More

Abstract Oil reservoirs are one of the important sources of energy due to which is caused by specific rock mechanical properties, the ability to maintain hydrocarbon fluids. One of the major problems that are occurred during drilling a well is instability of the wellbore. In order to prevent this difficulty its need to predict stability of the rocks by using geomechanical properties and in-situ stresses. A lack of accurate wellbore stability analysis brings many problems such as borehole washout, breakout, collapse, stuck pipes and drill bits. In the present research work the stability of an oil well located in Asmari reservoir of Ahwaz oil field was stimulated by using numerical software FLAC3D and information obtained from well log curves were evaluated and analyzed in two parts and the results were presented. Mud pressure and mud weight in outset of wellbore plastic flow and also outset of shear failure in wellbore were obtained for 7.5 meter of formation which mainly consists of limestone, marl. Well stability analysis was performed in vertical direction, minimum horizontal stress and maximum horizontal stress. Due to plastic movement and shear failure in wellbore, in first stage the mud pressure occurred is 33 and 26.4 Mpa and the second stage it reaches to 45 and 30 Mpa, respectively.It indicates that tensile failure is in direction of maximum horizontal stress and shear failure in direction of minimum horizontal stress. Subsequently, the result shows that the analysis due to the low mechanical properties of the sandstone layer indicates the maximum amount of displacement and loss. The safe mud window is small in this layer. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Numerical calculation of permeability tensor in fractured reservoirs
سیما جلیلی رئوف حسین معماریان محمد رضا رسائی بهزاد تخم چی

Abstract Proper characterization of fracture reservoir is crucial for their sound development plan. It is however very difficult to correctly obtain various fracture reservoir properties such as permeability due to high order of heterogeneity and anisotropy within th More

Abstract Proper characterization of fracture reservoir is crucial for their sound development plan. It is however very difficult to correctly obtain various fracture reservoir properties such as permeability due to high order of heterogeneity and anisotropy within these reservoirs. Classical dual porosity and/or dual permeability models consider a regular fracture network across the reservoir. To improve the concept, we develop a numerical method for tonsorial permeability calculation of blocks with random/disordered fracture distribution. We considered a 2D Cartesian fine grid in which the fractures were defined explicitly with their endpoints coordinates. Applying proper boundary conditions, single phase flow is then solved. Full tensor permeability is then obtained analytically from the calculated flow and pressure fields. The result of our method is compared well with that of the analytical models for simple fracture systems. In addition we reported the permeability tensor values of random fracture networks where no analytical solution is available. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Fractures systematic analysis Asmari reservoir Formation in the Marun oil field (based on image logs interpretation results)
فارسی مدان arsimadan

In the oil buildings to investigate fractures in the reservoir rock fractures in stages of production and field development is very important and necessary. Now application of software repository in the realization of this issue will help to petroleum with the geologist More

In the oil buildings to investigate fractures in the reservoir rock fractures in stages of production and field development is very important and necessary. Now application of software repository in the realization of this issue will help to petroleum with the geologists.. Marun oil field is one of the largest oil fields in the South West Iran of the city of Ahvaz in the Northeast and the North embayment Dezful of geology in the eastern. Marun field is the most important Asmari reservoir. The aim of this study was to investigate systematically Asmari reservoir fractures and the development of fractures in the reservoir. For this purpose, using image logs, best and most complete method interpretation and results of 11 wells in fracture studying and 16 wells in in-situ stress direction studying. According to frequency of fractures (based on image logs interpretation results) in the southern and north-eastern limb of the field, The theory of tectonic folding and bending events later caused the possible activities during the north-south strike-slip faults affect the compression force has been created to strengthen. Most of image logs data in Marun field are fractures with extensions; N155E, N130E, N95E, N60E, N30E. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - Fractures systematic analysis Asmari reservoir Formation in the Marun oil field (based on image logs interpretation results)
Zahra Kamali Mohammad reza Mahdevar meysam farsi madan

In the oil buildings to investigate fractures in the reservoir rock fractures in stages of production and field development is very important and necessary. Now application of software repository in the realization of this issue will help to petroleum with the geologi More

In the oil buildings to investigate fractures in the reservoir rock fractures in stages of production and field development is very important and necessary. Now application of software repository in the realization of this issue will help to petroleum with the geologists.. Marun oil field is one of the largest oil fields in the South West Iran of the city of Ahvaz in the Northeast and the North embayment Dezful of geology in the eastern. Marun field is the most important Asmari reservoir. The aim of this study was to investigate systematically Asmari reservoir fractures and the development of fractures in the reservoir. For this purpose, using image logs, best and most complete method interpretation and results of 11 wells in fracture studying and 16 wells in in-situ stress direction studying. According to frequency of fractures (based on image logs interpretation results) in the southern and north-eastern limb of the field, The theory of tectonic folding and bending events later caused the possible activities during the north-south strike-slip faults affect the compression force has been created to strengthen. Most of image logs data in Marun field are fractures with extensions; N155E, N130E, N95E, N60E, N30E Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Fracture analysis of the Asmari Formation of Dara anticline, as analog model for other Asmari subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs
saeed mohammadi asl Ali Farzipour Saein Ghodratollah Shafiei

The quality of the Asmari Formation, as the reservoir rock of almost three-quarters of the explored oil In Southwest Iran, is often affected by the fractures system. In this paper, in order to study fracture patterns in the Asmari Formation, as well as to present an ana More

The quality of the Asmari Formation, as the reservoir rock of almost three-quarters of the explored oil In Southwest Iran, is often affected by the fractures system. In this paper, in order to study fracture patterns in the Asmari Formation, as well as to present an analog model for other Asmari reservoirs, the Dara anticline in South Dezful depression, which has extensive outcrops of the Asmari Formation, has been studied. During field studies, eleven stations on the anticline, in its different structural positions, have been investigated. In the southwestern limb, four fracture sets trending AZ40-50,AZ130-140,AZ10-20,AZ80-90, in the northeastern limb four fracture sets trending AZ130-140,AZ50-60,AZ170-180,AZ110-120, and in its hinge area, three fracture sets with AZ50-60,AZ130-140,AZ0-10 trends have been identified. From the structural perspective, all the identified fracture sets are associated with folding. In this study, the relative formation time of the identified fractures relative to folding, has been diagnosed as before or simultaneously with folding. Based on field studies, fractures density in the Dara anticline, the Asmari outcrop, ranges from 11.75 to 2 fractures per meter. Indeed, variation range of the fracture length is 1 to 25 m and most fractures have a length of lower than 5 meters. Also, in this study it was found that there is a negative logarithmic relationship between fracture density and sedimentary layers thickness. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - Structural Modeling and Estimation of Tectonic Stresses at Lali Oilfield in Dezful Embayment
Nasrin kianizadeh Behzad Zamani Rahym khadkhodayi Hoseyn Talebi

Structural geological study is one of the most important stages of an oilfield exploration and production (E&P) program, since a knowledge of existing structures can play a fundamental role in the oilfield development plan. The main purpose of this study is to create More

Structural geological study is one of the most important stages of an oilfield exploration and production (E&P) program, since a knowledge of existing structures can play a fundamental role in the oilfield development plan. The main purpose of this study is to create three-dimensional (3D) structural models to determine direction of tectonic stresses at Lali oilfield using subsurface geophysical data. The study area is located within the so-called Dezful Embayment (northern Khuzestan Province, Iran). Accordingly, in order to provide a 3D model of the reservoir, geostatistical tools in Petrel Software were utilized. Incorporating density log data into several coded formulations in MS Excel Software, the reservoir had its modulus of elasticity calculated. Subsequently, maximum and minimum horizontal stresses were calculated using poroelastic equations. Fault modeling results showed that, fault dip increases with increasing the depth towards the center of the field. Obtained values of stress using the poroelastic equations show that σ_H>σ_h>σ_v, confirming a regional reverse stress regime, which is consistent with previous studies in this area. Also, the formal stress ratios (Φ = (σ2-σ3) / (σ1-σ3)) obtained from poroelastic equations and inverse analysis method were found to be well-correlated across the area. Finally, average azimuth of the reverse faults on the southern limb (as calculated by Petrel) and the fractures on the limb (as obtained from FMI images and core samples) were found to be N305 and N315, respectively (average = N310). Thus, N040E was inferred to be the average direction of principal stress, i.e. principal stress is mostly directed along a NE-SW axis (perpendicular to the general trend of Zagros Orogeny); this is probably a result of the activities of youngest Zagros orogeny phase. The agreement between the obtained principal stress directions by fractures, faults, and focal mechanism of earthquakes across the World Stress Map (WSM) confirms the validity of this study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - Faith, Doubt and Education

The essence of faith is a controversial issue, especially among Muslim and, more prevalently, among Christian thinkers. In this connection, the relation between faith and doubt is one of the main cases of the diffrences of this controversy. In an attempt to pin down the More

The essence of faith is a controversial issue, especially among Muslim and, more prevalently, among Christian thinkers. In this connection, the relation between faith and doubt is one of the main cases of the diffrences of this controversy. In an attempt to pin down the sources of these differences, this paper trace their roots to matters such as differences in the contents of religious beliefs, the theoretical presuppositions of the religious thinkers, the different socio-political experiences of the religious societies and, finally, the differences in the intellectual-philosophical currents affecting these two religious fields. Admitting the important role of the last component, one can expect that the rapid growth of communications as the main channel of exchange of ideas may create opportunities for the Islamic thought to come into contact with rival and opposing views on account of which the Islamic Faith may face the same challenges that Christianity had to confront in recent centuries. This article, by using a concept analytical method toward explaining the relationship between faith and doubt, adopts an epistemological approach called constructivist realism as a basis for Islamic Faith and maintains that contrary to the belief by certain circles of Christianity, doubt cannot be regarded as an integral element of faith. Although the existence of doubt is undeniable, it is not a challenger vis-a-vis faith. This premise seems to predispose Islamic education to, on the one hand, promote tolerance regarding doubt and to emphasize effort and motivation for attaining certainty on the other. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - The Effectiveness of Self-Compassion Intervention on Impulsivity among the Students Experienced Romantic Breakup
Mohsen Badakhshan Mehdireza Sarafraz Mahdi Imani

The present study aims at exploring the effectiveness and continuity of the effect of self-compassion intervention on the impulsivity of students who have experienced a romantic breakup. We used a semi-experimental research design with pre-test, post-test, and one-month More

The present study aims at exploring the effectiveness and continuity of the effect of self-compassion intervention on the impulsivity of students who have experienced a romantic breakup. We used a semi-experimental research design with pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up with a control group. The population includes all the students who were studying at 98-99 in Shiraz universities. We selected 27 students (12 in the experimental and 15 in the control group) by convenience sampling, in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria. To gather the data, Neff’s Self-Compassion Scale and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale were used. In the experimental group, Neff’s self-compassion intervention was conducted (in eight sixty-minute sessions), but there was no intervention in the control group. Finally, the data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance. Results demonstrated that self-compassion intervention was effective in decreasing impulsivity in the students who have experienced romantic breakups; the effectiveness also continued in the one-month follow-up. Self-compassion could decrease impulsivity by reducing the unpleasant feeling stemming from falling the self-worth and self-esteem occurring after a romantic breakup. It also decreases impulsivity by increasing self-awareness and self-control. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - Critical success factors of startups based on modern technology; A systematic review
Nasser Safaie Saeid Zamani

10.61186/jstpi.37349.19.76.9

Today, start-ups are considered as a part of the important and key socio-economic groups in the economies of different countries. Meanwhile, statistics show that more than 80% of startups fail in the first year of their establishment. Identifying important success fact More

Today, start-ups are considered as a part of the important and key socio-economic groups in the economies of different countries. Meanwhile, statistics show that more than 80% of startups fail in the first year of their establishment. Identifying important success factors in starting startups reduces the risk of failure and thus increases their chances of success. The present article is a review-library study on the key success factors of startups based on modern technology. Today, startups are an important phenomenon in the world economic community. The process of formation and change of this phenomenon over the years is examined in this research and an attempt has been made to provide a picture of the most important issues in the think tank of startups, which confirms the change and evolution of this phenomenon from 1984 to 2022. For this purpose, by searching the articles of reputable world journals and filtering them based on the subject of this research, 159 articles were finally selected. In the next step, the meaning of startup success was extracted and expressed by researchers and the success factors were divided into three categories: organizational, individual and external. These variables were identified in 46 different categories and presented in the attached table. The results of this research will help the founders of startups to take a more open view of establishing and scoring their company in a competitive market. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - A Formal and Contentual Review of Pilgrimage and Religious Tourism Studies in Iran (2003-2021)
Neda Razavizadeh somaye varshoe

10.52547/journalitor.37470.11.22.93

Having a long-standing tradition in the Iranian and Shiite communities, pilgrimage and religious travels have considerably increased throughout the last two decades with a boom in tourism. In this regard, many studies have been carried out on different aspects of pilgri More

Having a long-standing tradition in the Iranian and Shiite communities, pilgrimage and religious travels have considerably increased throughout the last two decades with a boom in tourism. In this regard, many studies have been carried out on different aspects of pilgrimage, addressing both managerial aspects of the pilgrimage destinations and the experiences reported by the pilgrims. However, while several review articles have already been published in English-language journals on pilgrimage studies, no such article could be found in the Iranian -Persian academic journals concerning pilgrimage and religious trips made in Iran. Therefore, this article sought to examine the formal and contentual features of the Persian scientific-research papers on pilgrimage and religious tourism published in Iranian Journals, trying to identify the research gaps in this regard. To this end, the relevant articles published from 2003 to 2021 in Iranian journals accredited by Iran’s Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology using a systematic review and content analysis method. Then, the features of the collected papers were examined in terms of spatial distribution, frequency, geographical distribution, authors’ characteristics (gender, frequency, and field of study), and methodology (research method, data sources, data collection tools, observation unit, sampling method, and statistical tests). Finally, the papers were categorized in terms of their relationship with the Parsons’ social systems, introducing the over-researched and under-researched areas and the research gaps in the Iranian pilgrimage and religious tourism studies so that new ideas and research topics be offered for novel studies and the development of knowledge in this regard. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - Structural Analysis of the Mediating Role of Organizational Ambidexterity in Influencing Learning from Organizational Error and Failure on Innovative Human Resource Performance
sara Mohammadi Belghis Bavarsad Ilnaz Irani behbahani

Errors and failures are inevitable in organizations, and lately, there has been an increasing need in understanding and learning from organizational errors. The main purpose of this study is Structural analysis of the effect of learning from organizational error an More

Errors and failures are inevitable in organizations, and lately, there has been an increasing need in understanding and learning from organizational errors. The main purpose of this study is Structural analysis of the effect of learning from organizational error and failure on innovative human resource performance: The mediating role of organizational ambidexterity in the employees of the South Zagros Oil and Gas Exploitation Company. This study in terms of purpose, practical and in terms of data collection is a descriptive correlational research. The statistical population of the study includes all experts and employees of the South Zagros Oil and Gas Exploitation Company with 255 people, who are considered as a limited population and all of them have been studied by census method. Standard questionnaires with validity and reliability were used to collect research data. Finally, 248 completed questionnaires were collected and used as the basis for analysis. The results of structural equation testing using PLS 3 software showed that learning from organizational errors does not have a direct and significant effect on innovative performance, but due to the organizational ambidexterity, promotes innovative performance in the organization. In other words, organizational ambidexterity as a mediating variable plays the role of facilitator and complete mediator in the relationship between learning from organizational errors and innovative performance in the organization. The results also confirm the positive and significant effect of learning from organizational errors on organizational ambidexterity, and organizational ambidexterity on innovative performance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Effectiveness of Flourishing Education on the emotional-social competencies of students
morteza pordel hosein kareshki Majid Pakdaman

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of flourishing education on increasing the socio-emotional competencies of students in the first three years of primary school. The research was quasiexperimental with pre-test-post-test de-sign and followup with a More

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of flourishing education on increasing the socio-emotional competencies of students in the first three years of primary school. The research was quasiexperimental with pre-test-post-test de-sign and followup with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all students of the first three years of primary school in Torbat-e Heydarieh in the academic year of 2019-2020. By available sampling method, 50 male students were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 25 (experimental and control). The instrument used in this study was the Emotional - Social Competence Questionnaire (ESCQ). The experimental group underwent closed-loop training during 8 sessions of 90 minutes and 2 sessions per week and the control group remained without any interventions. Data were analyzed using SPSS-24 software and multi-variate analysis of variance. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the components of emotional-social competence in the experimental and control groups. There is also a significant difference in the pre-test and post-test results of the experimental group (P<0.01). Based on this, closed loop education based on prosperity can be considered as an effective way to increase the emotional and social competencies of primary school students which can be used in schools. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - The effect of self- awareness on the creation of life quality in the architecture of religious places (case study: DezfulJam’e Mosque)
Ahmad Sarrafzadeh Minou Ghareh Baglou Mohammad Ali KayNejad

Human has always been in interaction, one of its aspects is the communication with himself. In this relationship, on one hand, human is placed as a self- aware being and on the other hand, as the real self. In such a way that common sense is affected by his existential More

Human has always been in interaction, one of its aspects is the communication with himself. In this relationship, on one hand, human is placed as a self- aware being and on the other hand, as the real self. In such a way that common sense is affected by his existential nature and affects the quality of life. The goal of the research can be considered to evaluate the biological aspects affecting the internal relationships of self- knowledge between human and the architectural body. Biological quality is created at different levels and shapes the environment in interaction with humans. The method of this research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative factors. So that, in the qualitative review, the topic is addressed using descriptions, observations and library studies, and in its quantitative aspect, it benefits from numerical data and analysis using the scientific method of Codas. The findings of the research show the formation of an internal relationship that has affected the quality of life and architectural environment. so that in each of the senses affecting self- awareness, Different quality levels are created. In this regard, it can be concluded that the purposeful design of architecture in order to shape the quality of life is influenced by the common senses of faith and time with the greatest impact, the sense of unity, presence and place with an average impact, and the sense of safety and awareness with the least impact. So that it is formed in a direct relationship between independent components (spatial physical perception, collective behavior, psychological) and connected components (common senses) and is a platform for achieving a desirable life. Therefore, this issue can be considered as a result of the internal relationship between three aspects of self- awareness, common senses and architecture, which is formed according to the relationship between independent and dependent components in architecture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - Complaint and explanation of its intellectual foundations in Hafez's poetic thought system
Tayebeh Alizadeh mohamad reza asad majid azizi

Complaint is a kind of lyrical literature in which the poet tries to explain the cause of his suffering and annoyance to the audience. In general, complaints can be divided into five categories: personal, philosophical, social, mystical, and political. Hafez is one of t More

Complaint is a kind of lyrical literature in which the poet tries to explain the cause of his suffering and annoyance to the audience. In general, complaints can be divided into five categories: personal, philosophical, social, mystical, and political. Hafez is one of the prominent poets of the Persian language who has addressed various complaints in his poems Is. In the present study, which has been done by the method of content analysis, we have complained and explained its intellectual foundations in the system of Hafez's poetic thought. Based on the results of the research and considering that the poems of each poet are a symbol of the inner workings of that poet, it is obvious that what made Hafez complain and criticize is in fact a reaction to the demonstrative behaviors of hypocritical religious people, preachers, tyrants and political situations. And the unsettled society of that time and beyond On these is determinism, which is rooted in the philosophical view of existence and time, and in fact it is this philosophical view that has formed the basis of Hafez's theological thought. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - Effects of Fire on Vegetation in the shanderman Forests
Nasrin Hajatpour shekari Hassan Pourbabaei Mehrdad Ghodskhah Daryaei Hamed Asadi

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of fire on the vegetation in Shanderman forests (Guilan province). For this purpose, 60 sampling plots of 400 m2 were taken in a random-systematic Method in the areas of burned and control. The plant sp More

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of fire on the vegetation in Shanderman forests (Guilan province). For this purpose, 60 sampling plots of 400 m2 were taken in a random-systematic Method in the areas of burned and control. The plant species present at the level of the samples were collected and identified, and their Life forms determined based on the Runkaeir's method. The results showed that 60 plant species were identified in the studied forest, 13 species (22%) only in the fire area, 5 species (8%) only in the control area, and 42 species (70%) were observed common in the both regions. The highest frequency belonged to Rosaceae and Poaceae families. In the study of the life forms of plant elements in the burned and control area, phanerophytes and hemicryptophytes were the most present in both regions. The results of the investigation of plant biodiversity indicators showed that the values of species diversity indicators in the burned area were higher than in the control area. DCA analysis showed that the composition of the vegetation in the burned area is not significantly different from the control area. Therefore, it can be concluded that after 12 years of the fire, the vegetation composition of the area has been restored and has become the same as the control area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - Flexural and Angular deformity in the Calves
hamid reza moslemi navid Ehsan pour

As the anatomical condition of the limbs is extremely important for production performance, animal welfare, as well as economic consequences, it is very important to study the types of limbs malformations in infants and provide corrective measures. A congenital malforma More

As the anatomical condition of the limbs is extremely important for production performance, animal welfare, as well as economic consequences, it is very important to study the types of limbs malformations in infants and provide corrective measures. A congenital malformation of the animal's limbs is more common in calves, lambs, and foals, involving flexor and extensor tendons in the fetlock and pastern joints. Deformities of the wrist and palmar-carpal joint in the forelimbs are the most common congenital deformities in calves. A non-surgical treatment is performed in cases whose limbs can be opened with the hand, and the ventral part of the fingers is in contact with the ground. The use of surgical treatment is mainly reserved for severe cases of deformity and calves with insufficient correction after splints and casts have failed. Generally, calves with flexion deformity have a good prognosis. Angular deformity of the limb refers to the deviation of the limb outward (valgus) or inward (varus). An Dorso-Palmar (Plantar) position is necessary to examine and measure the deformity's anatomical position. Angular deformities associated with abnormal bone growth plates can be corrected by removing the bone matrix or delaying on growth plate using of fixation through the growth plate. Furthermore, there are two other surgical methods for correcting angular deformity: osteotomy using the closing wedge and the step-wise method. Angular deformities related to imbalances in growth plates have a good prognosis. Secondary angular deformity caused by orthopedic injuries in the opposite limb has a poor prognosis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - Geology, mineralization and fluid inclusion studies of the Lakhshak gold deposit, southwest Sistan suture zone
N. Heydarian Dehkordi S. Niroomand Hossein Ali Tajeddin Reza نوزعیم

Lakhshk deposit is located 28 km northwest of Zahedan and southwestern of Sistan suture zone. The main outcrops in the study area are Eocene schists consisting of calc-schist and quartz schist. These rocks metamorphosed under greenschist facies grade and were intruded More

Lakhshk deposit is located 28 km northwest of Zahedan and southwestern of Sistan suture zone. The main outcrops in the study area are Eocene schists consisting of calc-schist and quartz schist. These rocks metamorphosed under greenschist facies grade and were intruded by Oligocene rhyolitic and dacitic dikes and granitoid. The gold-antimony mineralization is structurally controlled by a NE–SW fault zone and shear zone, and hydrothermal alterations were mainly occurred in the contact zones of granitoid and calc-schist units. The high-grade gold mineralization (3.5 g/t) is spatially related to the intense sulfidation and silicification hydrothermal alteration zones in the inner parts of the zone as well as ductile-brittle (microfractures, fine veins/veinlets) deformation. The ore mineralogy is simple and includes pyrite, arsenical pyrite, stibnite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, gold, electrum, goethite, and stibiconite. The study of fluid inclusions on gold ores quartz shows the homogenization temperature in quartz-sulfide veins/veinlets with mineralization between 200 to 330 °C with a salinity of 8 to 13 wt.% NaCl equiv., which is compatible with the mixing and dilution process. Based on the results of geology, mineralogy, and fluid inclusion studies, gold mineralization in Lakhshak gold deposit is of orogenic type. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - Adaptive Acoustic Beamforming with Improved Differential Method
Negar Sarshar Mehdi Bekrani

Differential beamformers exhibit effective performance in broadband applications, such as acoustic applications, but they have limited white noise gain. To address this limitation, this paper introduces an adaptive weighting-based algorithm designed to enhance the white More

Differential beamformers exhibit effective performance in broadband applications, such as acoustic applications, but they have limited white noise gain. To address this limitation, this paper introduces an adaptive weighting-based algorithm designed to enhance the white noise gain of the differential beamformer by leveraging the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamforming technique. For this purpose, differential beamforming is implemented in two stages: in the first stage, the spatial difference of observations is obtained, and in the second stage, the beamformer is optimized. Subsequently, by calculating the coefficients and combining the differential and MVDR beamformers, the proposed adaptive beamformer is derived. In this beamformer, to construct the output signal, the contribution of the differential and MVDR methods is dynamically adjusted using an adaptive combination coefficient, which is a function of frequency, microphone inter-distance, target angle, and the number of microphones. The proposed beamformer, considering four microphones spaced 2 cm apart reveals a remarkable enhancement in white noise gain by 35 dB and SNR gain by 18 dB at a frequency of 1 kHz. Additionally, the proposed adaptive algorithm demonstrates a 3.5 dB improvement in directivity factor over its differential counterpart. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - A Model of Reverse Coaching in Start-up Businesses through Improving Human Resources Skill Gap
maryam javanmard Seyed Najmeddin mousavi Mohammad Hakkak Amir Houshang Nazaripour

In today's era, human resources are an integral part of various organizations, businesses and industries on their way toward their goals. With the advent of growing start-up and online businesses, competition in this field have increased and there is a need for such bus More

In today's era, human resources are an integral part of various organizations, businesses and industries on their way toward their goals. With the advent of growing start-up and online businesses, competition in this field have increased and there is a need for such businesses to adapt, harmonize and synchronize employees with the latest level of skills, innovations and technologies available internationally. This seeks to fill in the employees’ skill gap. And reverse coaching is one of the potential tools provided to speed up and facilitate it. In the same line, this article aims to present a model of reverse coaching in start-up businesses with the approach of improving the skill gap of human resources. In terms of the research approach, the qualitative method, especially the foundational data theory method, was used. First, the researcher prepared an interview protocol based on the dimensions and components obtained from the theoretical foundations and background of the research, and then through the data theory method of the foundation, 15 managers, entrepreneurs and owners of start-up businesses were interviewed. These 15 individuals were selected purposefully until reaching theoretical saturation. The results of the research showed that the causal variables fall into two main categories, including managerial and organizational arrangements. Background variables include two categories of information and communication infrastructure development and strategic analysis of the business space. The key variables include the categories of coaching, improving the skill gap; intervening variables include the category of positive stimuli, controlling stimuli and negative stimuli; strategic variables include individual creativity, extending justice and negation of discrimination, participation-oriented in the organization and organizational knowledge management, and outcome variables include arming creative employees, being equipped with efficient and safe systems, and becoming a learning organization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - The healing process of bone lesions and fractures, effective treatment methods
Haniyeh yabandeh jahromi Abodol hamid Meymandi Parizi Alireza Shaikhzadeh

Fracture repair involves proliferation and differentiation of multiple tissue types in a sequence followed by regeneration. All of these processes may be affected by medications. Some drugs can affect the proliferation of primary callus tissue, others can affect the dif More

Fracture repair involves proliferation and differentiation of multiple tissue types in a sequence followed by regeneration. All of these processes may be affected by medications. Some drugs can affect the proliferation of primary callus tissue, others can affect the differentiation of chondrocytes or osteoblasts, formation of capillaries, sensitivity to mechanical input, etc. Therefore, the subject of drugs and fracture repair not only includes pharmacology and orthopedics, but also includes a wide scope. Repair steps after bone damage include: stage 1: (swelling stage), stage 2: (primary bone repair): over the next 4 to 21 days, a callus is formed around the broken bone. In this stage, a substance called collagen gradually replaces the blood clot. Step 3: (secondary bone repair) approximately two weeks after the fracture, cells called osteoblasts start working. These cells cause new bone to fuse and provide minerals needed for bone strength. Step 4: (reconstruction step): in this stage, cells called osteoclasts make the needed changes and adjustments. These cells break down any extra bone that is formed during this healing phase to return the bone shape to its normal status. In current veterinary and also human orthopedics, bone grafts are used for stimulation of fractures healing, accelerate joint fusion and repair of bone defects. Native grafted bone in addition to healing stimulator substances, contains cells that do not stimulate immune reactions and do not transmit infectious diseases. Currently, due to the problems of autologous bone grafting, the desire to use non-autologous bone grafts such as allograft and xenograft has increased. Kinetic hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate and their both combination are among the common materials for bone grafting. Hydroxyapatite works as a scaffold for the growth of bone-forming cells; tarantula cubensis is an extract that is widely used in the treatment of tumors, smallpox, septicemia and toxemic diseases. Also, other materials that are used as substitutes, after being implanted at the site of bone lesions, induce the differentiation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells present at the site of the lesion into chondrocytes or immature bone cells, and finally, the defects are successfully repaired. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

59 - Analysis of the Role of Aesthetic Experience in Children's Education
Fatemeh Benvidi

According to the views of education experts, aesthetic experience and understanding of art is a vital part of a flourishing life. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the role of aesthetic experience in children's education. To achieve this goal, the firs More

According to the views of education experts, aesthetic experience and understanding of art is a vital part of a flourishing life. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the role of aesthetic experience in children's education. To achieve this goal, the first step is to defend the necessity of aesthetic education for children based on the analysis of existing philosophical justifications. For this purpose, the descriptive-analytical research method has been used. Several philosophical justifications have been proposed for the necessity of aesthetic education, whose critical evaluation shows that the only answer is based on aesthetic experience, which makes it possible to defend art based on its distinctive value. Therefore, aesthetic education for children can be taken as justifiable and necessary independent of art's contribution to expression and its role in moral promotion. This is because the aesthetic experience and understanding of art is a vital component in flourishing life, and being exposed to the aesthetic experience opens up ways for human growth that no other type of experience can do. The findings of this research indicate that even if art education does not lead to innovation and improved skills that can be measured with quantitative methods, it should have an important place in schools and curricula. A curriculum without aesthetic training and proper appreciation for the arts ignores our goal of raising flourishing human beings worthy of meaningful aesthetic experiences. Also, aesthetic education should not be limited to people and subject-matters, but should cover the entire curriculum. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

60 - Comparison of marital intimacy of couples with fragile, damaged and secure self-esteem
Reyhaneh Saboori Zohreh Rafezi Faramarz Sohrabi Asmarod

Self-esteem is considered as an internal attitude towards oneself and the determining factor of human behavior in the personal and social context, including marital relations and intimacy. The purpose of this study was to compare the marital intimacy of couples with fra More

Self-esteem is considered as an internal attitude towards oneself and the determining factor of human behavior in the personal and social context, including marital relations and intimacy. The purpose of this study was to compare the marital intimacy of couples with fragile, damaged and secure self-esteem. The method of this research was causal-comparative. In order to carry out this research, 176 married men and women in Tehran were selected using convenience sampling and were asked to use Walker and Thompson's marital intimacy questionnaires (1983), Rosenberg's self-esteem scale (1965) and Nutin's Name Initial Preferences Task (1985) answered. Then, according to their explicit and implicit self-esteem scores, they were placed in one of three research groups, i.e., fragile, damaged, and secure self-esteem. Finally, the data was analyzed using the statistical method of one-way analysis of variance. The results of comparing the average difference of marital intimacy in three self-esteem groups showed that there is a significant difference between the fragile self-esteem group and the two groups of damaged self-esteem and secure self-esteem with a significance level of less than 0.01. In general, the results of this research showed that more marital intimacy is observed in married people with fragile self-esteem compared to the other two groups. It is suggested that more research be done to confirm and explain this finding more precisely. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

61 - Shape memory polymers: Structure, mechanism, functionality, and applications
Hamidreza Haydari Marziyeh Hosseini

In the last three decades, many researches have been conducted in the field of shape memory polymers, and in the past few years, the interest in research in this field has received a lot of attention. In this study, a comprehensive and complete review of the structure, More

In the last three decades, many researches have been conducted in the field of shape memory polymers, and in the past few years, the interest in research in this field has received a lot of attention. In this study, a comprehensive and complete review of the structure, mechanism, model and applications of this category of polymers has been done. In general, the mechanisms of shape memory polymers are divided into three groups: direct thermal induction, indirect thermal induction, and optical induction, and each has its own switch unit that controls the shape structure. These switches have amorphous and semi-crystalline phase, which are defined in two phase and molecular levels. Also, increasing the mechanical properties, including the strength and toughness of shape memory polymers, is of great importance, which can increase their efficiency. Shape memory polymers can be used in medical, aerospace, textile and other industries. In the textile industry, the electrospinning process is used as a simple and efficient method for the preparation of shape memory polymer fibers and the development of their structure, and the mechanism and method of preparation of these fibers will be investigated. In the last three decades, many researches have been conducted in the field of shape memory polymers, and in the past few years, the interest in research in this field has received a lot of attention. In this study, a comprehensive and complete review of the structure, mechanism, model and applications of this category of polymers has been done. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

62 - Effectiveness of cognitive emotion regulation training on self-esteem and self-awareness of female students with emotional failure
Zahra Pakook Mahmod Azadi Jafar Talebian sharif

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive emotion regulation training on self-esteem and self-awareness of female students with emotional failure. The method of this research was practical and semi-experimental in which a pretest-postt More

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive emotion regulation training on self-esteem and self-awareness of female students with emotional failure. The method of this research was practical and semi-experimental in which a pretest-posttest design was used with a control group. The target population of this research was 22 female students of Hekmat Razavi Institute of Higher Education who had emotional failure, selected by voluntary sampling and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received training during ten 90-minute sessions, while the control group did not undergo any intervention. Ras Love Shock Questionnaire (1999) was used to screen the subjects, and Cooper Smith's self-esteem questionnaire (1967) and Cooper Smith's self-awareness questionnaire (1997) were used in the pre-test and post-test. The findings of this research showed that cognitive emotion regulation training significantly increased self-esteem and self-awareness in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Cognitive emotion regulation training is a suitable method to increase self-esteem and emotional self-awareness in people who have suffered emotional failure and can be used as an intervention based on empirical evidence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

63 - Investigating the Effective Components in the Formation of Contemporary Iranian Architecture Based on Social Changes (Case Study: Niavaran Cultural Center and Tehran Museum of Contemporary Arts)
reza naghdbishi Saeed Azemati Kimia Jamshidzadeh

Society is constantly undergoing changes influenced by various factors, which impact all aspects of life, including culture. Consequently, when changes occur, adaptation and coordination become necessary. The architectural landscape in Iran, with its long history and More

Society is constantly undergoing changes influenced by various factors, which impact all aspects of life, including culture. Consequently, when changes occur, adaptation and coordination become necessary. The architectural landscape in Iran, with its long history and remarkable works, has been rapidly and multi-dimensionally shaped by the developments of the 20th century. This has sometimes led to conflicts between the past and the desired future, resulting in periods of confusion regarding the direction of progress. The paper aims to investigate the effective components in the formation of contemporary Iranian architecture based on social changes. The research methodology employed in this study is qualitative and follows an analytical-historical approach. Content analysis consists of three stages: preparation and organization, examination of materials and messages, and data processing and conclusion drawing. These stages are conducted using MAXQDA software. Additionally, graphical representations are generated based on the research components. Gafi stands out as one of the notable programs in this regard. The results indicate that social changes over time have significantly influenced the evolution of contemporary architecture in Iran. Factors such as political, economic, cultural, climatic and environmental consideration have distinctly shaped contemporary Iranian architecture during different historical periods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

64 - Re-examining the basic concepts of Descartes and Gadamer's thought and deducing its implications in education
Mohammad Hassan Tajdari mohammadhassan mirzamohammadi Mahdi Sobhaninejad

The purpose of this research is to compare the basic concepts of Descartes' and Gadamer's thought and to deduce its implications in education. The research has three questions; What are the basic concepts in the thought of Descartes and Gadamer? What criticism do each o More

The purpose of this research is to compare the basic concepts of Descartes' and Gadamer's thought and to deduce its implications in education. The research has three questions; What are the basic concepts in the thought of Descartes and Gadamer? What criticism do each of the two thinkers have on other basic concepts? And what implications does Descartes' thought and Gadamer's hermeneutics have for education? To answer these questions, the method of conceptual analysis, comparative criticism and inference was used and it was determined that: method, science, substance, human, idea and metaphysics are the basic concepts of Descartes' thought and method, consciousness, tradition, experience and understanding are concepts. They are fundamental in Gadamer's thought. It was also stated that Descartes' method was based on the principles of objectivism and Gadamer's concepts based on philosophical hermeneutics. Therefore, considering that according to Descartes, the method of mathematics is a method that has all the advantages and benefits of logic, algebra and geometry and at the same time, is free from their disadvantages, this component is with the components of consciousness and experience of Gadamer's thought. It was criticized and since Gadamer emphasizes on the pre-structures of understanding and he believes that the search for understanding without presuppositions is futile, this component of Gadamer was criticized with the components of man and metaphysics of Descartes' thought and finally the component of Gadamer's tradition Descartes' idea was criticized with the essential components. Descartes, the philosopher and mathematician of the 17th century, put the foundation of doubt in everything and discovered a method for scientific reasoning and adjusting skeptical arguments and led to the aging of a philosophical system; Therefore, he has been considered the pioneer of western modernity. On the other hand, the axis of Gadamer's thought is "understanding" and its constituent elements, and he claims a new narrative of understanding; Gadamer considers a set of elements necessary for understanding, the observance of which makes understanding more reflective. He bridges from method to "insight" and prefers philosophical and reflective "insight" to explanatory and precise "method". Also, the findings indicated that science, method, understanding, history, tradition and human are among the educational implications of the thought of the two thinkers and since Cartesian science is based on certainty and Gadamerian science is based on interpretation. By combining these two approaches, it is possible to achieve a definition of the science of education that is both objective and interpretive. It is also possible to use both Cartesian objective methods and interpretive teaching-learning methods, and by combining these two methods, an objective-subjective method can be achieved. Regarding the concept of understanding, Descartes had an objective view on the subject of understanding and Gadamer believes in an interpretive understanding of understanding, so pairing these interpretations of understanding can lead to an interpretive-objective understanding of understanding. It should be mentioned that it is possible to base the methods of education by using scientific rules and find an answer to common unknowns in the field of teaching and learning with the help of philosophical concepts. At the same time, we should express hypotheses about new educational methods and test these hypotheses and use the experiences gained to achieve a comprehensive solution. In general, by combining the concepts of these two thinkers, it is possible to look at the human being both as a basis and as a medium in education and to achieve a unified approach based on "objectivity-interpretation". Manuscript profile

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