principles

Open Access Article

1 - Short Message (SMSs) in New Esperanto A Form – Content Analysis
ليلا شريفي

This paper investigates short messages, and the language resultant from abrivations made by the young people using mobile phones. Abrivation in language has many types, but what this article means by abrivation is the type the youth invented for saving time and ease of More

This paper investigates short messages, and the language resultant from abrivations made by the young people using mobile phones. Abrivation in language has many types, but what this article means by abrivation is the type the youth invented for saving time and ease of typing in sending messages. They have developed a literature that has broken the language rules, the rules governing pronunciation and grammar of standard languages. It knows no geographical boundary. It has signs of globalization. This research shows that dropping word letters in SMS is regular and predictable; the rules governing it are controlled by two phonological principles of “figure-ground” (Dressler 1996) and “strong-stronger” (Dongen 1978/1985). According to the Findings of the research, phonological principles controls decreasing the length of words in SMS, of course not considering suprasegmental elements. Manuscript profile

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2 - An Analysis of Beihaghi’s Ppolitical and Religious Views

Abolfazl Beihaghi was a clerk and writer in Ghaznavid court (Mahmood and masud) and what he wrote in his book, Tarikh, sometimes is actually the justification of the Ghaznavid’s malfunctions. In this article, using a qualitative content analysis, Beihaghi’s political an More

Abolfazl Beihaghi was a clerk and writer in Ghaznavid court (Mahmood and masud) and what he wrote in his book, Tarikh, sometimes is actually the justification of the Ghaznavid’s malfunctions. In this article, using a qualitative content analysis, Beihaghi’s political and religious views are studied. Beihaghi’s main views which have been studied in this research are theocracy and fatalism, consolidation of the discourse of the higher power, stabilization of the governmental structure, confirming evaluations with compromise, repression of the opponents, and religious fanaticism. Abolfazl Beihaghi has shown in his book, that the principles and substructures of Ghaznavid government and empire are based on the political principles and biography (Sira) of the prophet of Islam and Islamic Caliphs. Manuscript profile

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3 - An Introduction to Equine Dentistry; Necessity of Much More Consideration
Alireza Raayat jahromi

Dental problems are one of the main challenges in equine medicine and its management has a considerable effect on horse’s performance and profitability in equine industry. Considering the fact that prevention is better than treatment, a regular dental care program based More

Dental problems are one of the main challenges in equine medicine and its management has a considerable effect on horse’s performance and profitability in equine industry. Considering the fact that prevention is better than treatment, a regular dental care program based on a scientific plan can lead to an early and definitive diagnosis; which results in a correct intervention and treatment. Dental and oral observation, necessary diagnostic and restraint equipment and instruments, attritional lesions and injuries will be explained and discussed. Finally, the current situation of equine dentistry in our country will be evaluated so that its necessity would be much more seriously considered. Manuscript profile

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4 - Right to a healthy environment in the light of the principles of jurisprudence and ethics
Mohsen Emami Gheshlagh Seyyed Mohammad Hashemi Mohsen Mohebbi Vali Rostami

Today, the spread of science and technology and, consequently, of the industry, despite the granting of peace and prosperity to humans, have caused destruction, pollution and harm and the creation of environmental crises. An environment which is the basis of social, eco More

Today, the spread of science and technology and, consequently, of the industry, despite the granting of peace and prosperity to humans, have caused destruction, pollution and harm and the creation of environmental crises. An environment which is the basis of social, economic and political life, is necessary for the survival of every human being and as a platform for human life and its means of evolution, in the jurisprudential and moral discourse, a reasonable capacity for research in order to protect it as the human right and duty of the human community has it. In this regard, in order to achieve healthy environment and its importance, there are two approaches. In the first approach, for nature, as divine value is intrinsic and nature itself is discussed, but in the second approach, the necessity of preserving the nature as a tool for use In this article, the authors, while believing in the first approach, seek to explain the ethics of the environment by emphasizing the jurisprudential and moral teachings in order to protect it as a fundamental human right. Manuscript profile

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5 - Explaining the Basics and Principles of Ethical Education in Allameh Faiz Kashani's Thoughts
hasan malaki sayyed sadroddin shariaty soghra ebrahimi qavam alireza sadeghi

The purpose aims to explain the basis and principles of ethical education in Allameh Faiz Kashani's ideas and thoughts. This research is qualitative and for achieving the research goals, documentary analytical method has been used.In order to collect information about e More

The purpose aims to explain the basis and principles of ethical education in Allameh Faiz Kashani's ideas and thoughts. This research is qualitative and for achieving the research goals, documentary analytical method has been used.In order to collect information about education, the factors of research, namely, ethics, principles and foundations of the important work of education of Malahmansen Feyz Kashani (RA), namely, "Mahajat al-Bayaza Fi Tazzib al-Huhia", and other research in this field have been used; this means that first identification and collection of required resources along with snapping and recording the desired topics have been done;Then the data was categorized and finally analyzed. The findings showed that the foundations of ethical education included (moral variability, interconnectedness of religion and ethics, comprehensive moderation, ethics hierarchicality, motivation of the subject and intention), and the principles of moral education from the perspective of Allameh Faiz Kashani (the principle of protection and care for Prayer, the principle of protection and care for fast, the principle of financial dedication, the principle of paying attention to the rights of others, the principle of reforming the conditions, the principle of gradual excellence, the resort and spiritual relationship with Imams (AS).Accordingly, officials and educational planners at different levels, according to the results of the present study, have to take steps towards the provision of instructions, books that can be used in educational instruction. Manuscript profile

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6 - Explaining the Foundations and ethical Principles of Consumer law from the Viewpoint of Islamic Law
rasul shojaei Jalil Ghanavati touraj taqizadeht ahmad habibnezhad

The concept of ethics and moral virtues is one of the most complex concepts in practical philosophy. Topics related to human nature and basic human needs will never obsolete, old and non originality. Ethics is one of these issues, and since some emerging phenomena have More

The concept of ethics and moral virtues is one of the most complex concepts in practical philosophy. Topics related to human nature and basic human needs will never obsolete, old and non originality. Ethics is one of these issues, and since some emerging phenomena have entered into the our business world with a new face, it’s need to note to human and moral aspects, which undoubtedly have many legal requirements in the legal relationships among people, including Consumer contracts and consumer contracts are rooted in ethical principles. Theology, anthropology, nature, dignity and self-esteem, justice, goodwill, ethical indecency and etc. are among the bases in relation to consumer law. The purpose of this research is to explain and analyze the foundations mentioned in Islamic law. Manuscript profile

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7 - Alignment of jurisprudence and ethics with the assumption of observing the limits in corporal punishment of children
Sadegh Fani Maleki Ahmad mirkhalili

According to the jurisprudential sources, the principle of corporal punishment of children has been prescribed and according to this, the legislator of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in Article 1179 of the Civil Code, has accepted the corporal punishment of children by t More

According to the jurisprudential sources, the principle of corporal punishment of children has been prescribed and according to this, the legislator of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in Article 1179 of the Civil Code, has accepted the corporal punishment of children by their parents. At first glance, it is thought that corporal punishment of a child is a behavior contrary to moral standards, and this jurisprudential ruling is in conflict with moral principles. The purpose of this study is to correct this basic view and to prove the principle of permissibility of corporal punishment of children from two perspectives of jurisprudence and ethics and to determine its permissible scope, to prove the non-confrontation of jurisprudence and ethics in this field. That is, corporal punishment in jurisprudence on the one hand is limited to its amount, type and severity, and on the other hand, the age of the child, the position and motivation of the discipline are also considered as permissible limits, and by observing these restrictions, not the ruling It is not permissible in jurisprudence to oppose the principles of ethics, but it is completely in harmony with it. Manuscript profile

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8 - The study of Mohammad Rashid Reza's views on the Hadith
Akhtar Soltani Mehdi Mehrizi

Hadith criticism and the sciences related to it have always been sources of different thoughts and opinions. One of the influential scholars in the field of Hadith in the contemporary age is Rashid Reza. Having a general belief in religious narratives and sayings, he pr More

Hadith criticism and the sciences related to it have always been sources of different thoughts and opinions. One of the influential scholars in the field of Hadith in the contemporary age is Rashid Reza. Having a general belief in religious narratives and sayings, he provided us with criticism that goes beyond the well-known Moslem experts' criticisms of Hadith (religious leaders' sayings). Lack of Hadith scribing in the early centuries after Prophet Mohammad, spread of paraphrases for religious sayings, devising sayings (which are not quoted from the Prophet and Imams) and emphasis on textual criticism to distinguish true narratives from untrue, are some of the topics worthy of attention in his thought. Many scholars might consider Rashid Reza a Salafi scientist and one of those who belong to the Al-Quranioon. This is true but his view of the Hadith can be a taken as a balance between the Al-Quranioon's perspective and the dominant popular viewpoint towards Hadith. This article attempts at investigating Rashid Reza's principles and opinions in Hadith criticism in addition to showing the origins and intellectual and social causes of such ideas. Manuscript profile

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9 - Analysis of the effect of persian principles based on the world view of Onsorolmoali in qaboosnameh
Mohammad farhadi Sina Forouzesh reza shabani

In this manuscript a few elements of Persian Principles (andisheh iranshahri) like Honesty,Kingdom Dominion,Divine Eligibility, racial purity and Justicle is broadly explained in Qaboosnameh.In the book,The king has the greatness of the sun.Everything in the region of p More

In this manuscript a few elements of Persian Principles (andisheh iranshahri) like Honesty,Kingdom Dominion,Divine Eligibility, racial purity and Justicle is broadly explained in Qaboosnameh.In the book,The king has the greatness of the sun.Everything in the region of persia is under his command.He must Bring justice to the society and cleanse persia from deceit, to build the Persian Utopia.The King must be Aryan and blessed with God’s Mercy.His mission is to Guide people to salvation in afterlife.This research has been done by Historical means, with analytical method.This research will say that Onsorolmoali has Gathered the elements of Persian Principles(Andisheh Iranshahri) from different resources such as pahlavi. He specialised the eight chapter, to anoshiravan’s advices Manuscript profile

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10 - Criticism and response to the hypocrisy of the doctor who is killing the infallibles based on the views of the Shia theologians
Mahdi MohammadZadeh BaniTarafi

The research on Imams and Shiite jurisprudence has long advocated Sunnis, as the Mu'tazilite theologian, Judge Abdul Jabbar, has criticized the Imam's votes in his books, including al-Moghuni. From the same time, the Shi'a welcomed the texts, while respecting the writer More

The research on Imams and Shiite jurisprudence has long advocated Sunnis, as the Mu'tazilite theologian, Judge Abdul Jabbar, has criticized the Imam's votes in his books, including al-Moghuni. From the same time, the Shi'a welcomed the texts, while respecting the writer, to criticize them; it has been written or written. As Seyyed Mortazi, in his works, has answered these doubts. In the present era, which has been accepted as the main religion of religion and religion in Islamic countries, these religious debates have replaced their common points in the principles of the doctrines and emphasized them. In Saudi Arabia, the Wahhabi intellectual movements, which do not believe in the approximation of religions, with the strong support of sovereignty, bring the most cowardly accusations to the Shi'a religion, and raise doubts that it is based on the odor and color of the verse. The Book of the Principles of Religion, Al-Shi'a al-Amamiya, Asheni Shirhiya, the doctoral dissertation of Naser al-Bakari of the Saudi Wahhabi scholars, as well as the book's name, explores Shiite intellectual, cultural, and religious foundations. The author, according to the doubt raised in "Ismat" in this book, has tried to answer the doubts of two Shiite religious theologians, Seyyed Mortazi and Jorjani. Considering that Jorjani's votes have not been mentioned in the Book of Khorai, and it seems that he was unaware of his existence, this article is the first paper based on the opinions expressed on Shiite beliefs in ancient Persian books as the basis of the answer. It seems to me that the Wahhabi scholars have raised doubts about Arabic books. In this article, in addition to the votes of these two great Shiites, the votes of other Shia jurisprudents and theologians are also mentioned. Manuscript profile

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11 - Analysis of the Theological Principles of the Authority of Absolute Suspicion in the Science of the Principles of Jurisprudence
hormoz asadikohbad

The issue of the theological principles of the authority of absolute suspicion ‎in the Occultation is one of the practical issues with a significant role in ijtihad and inference of rulings and has been and is as a battle of opinion among the Usulis, and since this issu More

The issue of the theological principles of the authority of absolute suspicion ‎in the Occultation is one of the practical issues with a significant role in ijtihad and inference of rulings and has been and is as a battle of opinion among the Usulis, and since this issue is the boundary between theology and the principles of jurisprudence, necessitated that the theological foundations of this issue be examined in the principles of jurisprudence in order to strengthen the authority of absolute suspicion; Therefore, the current paper aims at investigating the authority of absolute suspicion in the science of the principles of jurisprudence. This is a descriptive-analytical paper. The findings indicate the unconditional authority of absolute suspicion‎, especially when the Ummah is deprived of the presence of the Infallible Imam. Manuscript profile

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12 - A Study of Ethical Principles in Judicial Oversight in Iranian and British Law
Hashem Pouran Fard Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Ghamami Vali Rostami

Ethical principles are of particular importance in judicial oversight. The value and importance of ethics for the organization is very significant and this issue has a special place in judicial supervision. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the ethi More

Ethical principles are of particular importance in judicial oversight. The value and importance of ethics for the organization is very significant and this issue has a special place in judicial supervision. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the ethical principles in judicial supervision in Iranian and British law, which was addressed in this study. In this study, judicial supervision and its principles in Iranian and British law were examined Then, the moral principles in Iranian and British law were discussed. According to the findings, the moral principles in Iranian law are the principle of honesty, the principle of trustworthiness, the principle of openness, the principle of fairness, the principle of disregard for prohibition; But in English law, the ethical principles of judicial oversight include illegality and the issue of disqualification, the rationality of action, non-compliance with legal procedures, legal procedures and the principles of natural justice. Manuscript profile

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13 - Research Ethics and Children's Rights
Shima Tabatabai

Background and aim: Despite the increasing global attention on the societal need to respect the principles of children's participatory rights in which children are involved, surprisingly, the relationship between children's rights and research ethics is not clear and re More

Background and aim: Despite the increasing global attention on the societal need to respect the principles of children's participatory rights in which children are involved, surprisingly, the relationship between children's rights and research ethics is not clear and research ethics for children’s rights have been neglected in the social sciences literature. The aim of this study is to determine the relation of the ethical guidelines with children’s right. Method: This analytic study conducted to analyze the ethical research considerations from human rights and child right perspective. Results: Our analysis revealed that although the human right principles referred to in the social research ethical guidelines, the definition of “right” and especially children rights are ignored. Within the social sciences research ethical guidelines, including those related to children, there is often a lack of direct referral to the human rights principles emphasized by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). Conclusion: Linking the human rights principles within research ethics guidelines will promote and encourage a rights-based approach to child research. These specific Research ethics guidelines need to be drawn upon the UNCRC. Manuscript profile

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14 - Research Ethics and Children's Rights
Shima Tabatabai

Background and aim: Despite the increasing global attention on the societal need to respect the principles of children's participatory rights in which children are involved, surprisingly, the relationship between children's rights and research ethics is not clear and re More

Background and aim: Despite the increasing global attention on the societal need to respect the principles of children's participatory rights in which children are involved, surprisingly, the relationship between children's rights and research ethics is not clear and research ethics for children’s rights have been neglected in the social sciences literature. The aim of this study is to determine the relation of the ethical guidelines with children’s right. Method: This analytic study conducted to analyze the ethical research considerations from human rights and child right perspective. Results: Our analysis revealed that although the human right principles referred to in the social research ethical guidelines, the definition of “right” and especially children rights are ignored. Within the social sciences research ethical guidelines, including those related to children, there is often a lack of direct referral to the human rights principles emphasized by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). Conclusion: Linking the human rights principles within research ethics guidelines will promote and encourage a rights-based approach to child research. These specific Research ethics guidelines need to be drawn upon the UNCRC. Manuscript profile

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15 - Psychologists' Professional Codes of Ethics in Iran, America, Canada, England, and Australia
Behnaz Dowran Ali Fathi-Ashtiani

the present study compares psychologists' professional Codes of Ethics in Iran, America, Canada, England, and Australia. The study population consisted of all countries with professional Codes of Ethics, of which, America, Canada, Britain, Australia, and Iran were purpo More

the present study compares psychologists' professional Codes of Ethics in Iran, America, Canada, England, and Australia. The study population consisted of all countries with professional Codes of Ethics, of which, America, Canada, Britain, Australia, and Iran were purposively selected due to their progressiveness in the development of professional Codes of Ethics, and their ethical principles and standards were compared. The results obtained showed that with the exception of Iran and America, all codes studied had defined the basic concepts and terminologies after introduction. In addition, they all contained two main sections, namely, general principles and standards. The general principles were almost the same and common in these codes, and included respect for people's dignity, accountability, integrity, no discrimination or injustice, philanthropy, and avoidance of harm. The ethical standards in Iran’s and America's codes appear independently from the general principles. Meanwhile, the standards are presented under relevant ethical principles in the Australian, Canadian, and British codes. Iran's standards of ethical codes almost exactly match those of America's, and the only difference is in the order of presenting standards of "Accountability" and "Storing registered information and fees" and the extent of explanations and details. According to the present study, the following changes can contribute to a greater understanding and practicability of Iran's Code of Ethics: Providing definitions and explanations for specialized terminologies and general principles, adding more details to standards and considering local culture and religion. Manuscript profile

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16 - A Comparative Study of the Anthropological Principles of Ibn Sina and Matthew Lipman
Meisam Fallahi

The main objective of this paper is to make a comparative study of the anthropological principles of Ibn Sina and Matthew Lipman. This study is based on an analytic-descriptive and deductive method, for which data were collected from the libraries. First, the components More

The main objective of this paper is to make a comparative study of the anthropological principles of Ibn Sina and Matthew Lipman. This study is based on an analytic-descriptive and deductive method, for which data were collected from the libraries. First, the components of man from the perspective of Ibn Sina and Lipman are discussed, and then proceeded to elaborate their common and different points on man. According to the conclusion of this work, there are certain agreements and disagreements between them on the issue of man. They agree that man is a rational being, possessing will power, and also enjoying a kind of natural, biological and sensible features, along with individual and social identity. Man is also subjected to a perpetual change and transformation. As for their disagreements, each of them presents his own view on the beginning and end of man. One of their main differences on man pertains to the very proper age for commencing philosophical thinking. Manuscript profile

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17 - Historical Deliberations over the Principle of the Nobler Possibility
Hoorieh Shojaee Baghini Einollah Khademi

The present paper examines the principiality of the principle of the nobler possibility as an Illuminationist principle. Despite the common belief regarding the Greek root of this principle, here the writers claim that it is among the concomitants of the Illuminationist More

The present paper examines the principiality of the principle of the nobler possibility as an Illuminationist principle. Despite the common belief regarding the Greek root of this principle, here the writers claim that it is among the concomitants of the Illuminationist philosophy and is not consistent with Peripatetic ideas and principles. In order to demonstrate their standpoint, they initially provide some proofs from the works of Suhrawari himself and the commentators of his philosophical school and explain how the words of such commentators have led to the idea that this principle has a background prior to the development of Illuminationist philosophy. Second, they examine the concomitants of the Illuminationist school and conclude that Suhrawardi used this principle in order to prove the philosophical principles of his own school, which are not accepted by the Peripatetic school. Hence, it is wrong to seek for a background for this principle in pre-Suhrawardi times. Manuscript profile

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18 - A Comparison of the Views of ‘Allamah Tabataba’i and Mulla Sadra about Corporeal Resurrection
Mohsen Izadi

In the Islamic philosophical-kalami tradition, corporeal resurrection has always been one of the most complicated problems. In fact, the philosophers and mutikallimun before Mulla Sadra either failed to explain it or provided an irrational explanation for it. Following More

In the Islamic philosophical-kalami tradition, corporeal resurrection has always been one of the most complicated problems. In fact, the philosophers and mutikallimun before Mulla Sadra either failed to explain it or provided an irrational explanation for it. Following Mulla Sadra’s presentation of a rational account of corporeal resurrection, which was in conformity with Shar‘ (religious law), most of the philosophers after him agreed with his theory. Nevertheless, some scholars who did not find his interpretation in conformity with Shar‘ expressed their disagreement with his view. Here, ‘Allamah Tabataba’i, as an advocate of the Transcendent Philosophy, has said nothing about the quality of corporeal resurrection explicitly. Accordingly, some consider him an opponent of Sadrian corporeal resurrection, while some others consider him a follower of Mulla Sadra in this regard. A study of ‘Allamah Tabataba’i’s epistemological geometry manifests the truth that he believed in the notion of corporeal resurrection as intended by Mulla Sadra. This is because, firstly, the philosophical, interpretive, and gnostic principles of ‘Allamah Tabataba’i and Mulla Sadra are in agreement with each other. Secondly, ‘Allamah has expressed neither any disagreement with Mulla Sadra’s theory of corporeal resurrection nor any agreement with that of others. Manuscript profile

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19 - Different Sides of Training in Sadrian Geometry with an Emphasis on its Stages, Goals, Principles, and Methods
Mohammad Reza Shamshiri

Sadrian philosophy presents a new approach to human beings and their ontological dimensions, which can be used as a foundation for developing educational theories based on an Islamic point of view. Hence, while explaining Mulla Sadra’s view of moral training along with More

Sadrian philosophy presents a new approach to human beings and their ontological dimensions, which can be used as a foundation for developing educational theories based on an Islamic point of view. Hence, while explaining Mulla Sadra’s view of moral training along with a short illustration of the related categories and using an analytic-deductive method, this study aims to draw on his theories regarding the soul as the basis for education and training in order to examine his educational denotations and conclusions with an emphasis on educational stages, objectives, principles and methods. Here, it is necessary to pay attention to the ultimate goal of moral training, that is, unveiling the truth and the related intermediate goals, including training human beings at the vegetative soul, animal soul, and human soul stages. To attain the purpose of this study, it is also of prime importance to explore the necessary interrelations between the philosophical principles of the Transcendent Philosophy and educational principles and also examine the different methods of moral training including the development of sensation, imagination, and rational faculties. Manuscript profile

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20 - Coherence of Philosophical Principles of Mulla Sadra’s Eschatology
Morteza Hoseinzadeh Sahar Kavandi Mohsen Jahed

Demonstration of corporeal resurrection, as a philosophical problem, has always attracted the attention of Islamic philosophers. Through employing eschatological principles, Mulla Sadra has tried to demonstrate corporeal resurrection and explain the post-resurrection st More

Demonstration of corporeal resurrection, as a philosophical problem, has always attracted the attention of Islamic philosophers. Through employing eschatological principles, Mulla Sadra has tried to demonstrate corporeal resurrection and explain the post-resurrection states in his own philosophical school. Discovering the coherence among eschatological principles and their consequences results in a more desirable clarification of Mulla Sadra’s theory of corporeal resurrection. While concentrating on eschatological principles and inferring their theoretical foundations, this study investigates the internal and external coherence of such principles and their consequences and proves that all eschatological principles and some of their consequences bear strong coherence (creating relation) in relation to each other, although some other consequences possess a weaker coherence. Moreover, some of the principles which play a fundamental role in the process of demonstrating corporeal resurrection, such as the union of the intellect and intelligible, corporeal origination and spiritual subsistence of the soul, and simplicity of being, have not been explicitly referred to as affirmative principles of resurrection. Not distinguishing among ontological and anthropological principles and not observing any priority or posteriority in setting the principles could count as the defects of Mulla Sadra’s demonstration of this important philosophical theory. Manuscript profile

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21 - Impact of Sadrian Eschatological-Philosophical Principles on Rectifying the Theories on Corporeal Resurrection
Morteza Hoseinzadeh Sahar Kavandi Mohsen Jahed

Corporeal resurrection has been a controversial issue among Islamic mutakallimūn and philosophers since long ago. Mutakallimūn have demonstrated corporeal resurrection in a different way from philosophers based on their own fundamental principles and approach to the tru More

Corporeal resurrection has been a controversial issue among Islamic mutakallimūn and philosophers since long ago. Mutakallimūn have demonstrated corporeal resurrection in a different way from philosophers based on their own fundamental principles and approach to the truth of Man. Among philosophers, the Peripatetics employed specific ontological and anthropological principles in order to explain spiritual resurrection and, in the light of such principles, Illuminationists developed their idea of Ideal resurrection. Moreover, based on a series of specific eschatological principles in his own philosophy, Mullā Ṣadrā explained the nature of corporeal-spiritual resurrection. This study aims to examine the role of eschatological principles in the reconstruction of the theory of corporeal resurrection and concludes that the failure of mutakallimūn and Peripatetic and Illuminationist philosophers in demonstrating corporeal-spiritual resurrection originates in their lack of access to certain eschatological principles, which is the reason why Mullā Ṣadrā did not agree with their theory of resurrection. Because of their lack of access to such principles as “gradation of existence”, “the soul as the reason for the thingness of human being and body, and “immateriality of the soul and the faculty of imagination”, mutakallimūn granted a material nature to human resurrection and their joys and pains in this process. Similarly, not having access to some principles such as “immateriality of the faculty of imagination”; “external effects of concepts, dispositions, and habits, and “nature of vision and the soul’s invention of immaterial forms similar to external forms”, Ibn Sīnā and Suhrawardī encountered some difficulties in their demonstration of corporeal resurrection. Manuscript profile

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22 - Consistency of Mullā Ṣadrā’s Perception of the Principle of Impossibility of the Knowledge of Effect without the Knowledge of Cause with Ontological Foundations of the Transcendent Philosophy
Seyed Amin Mirhoseini Ali Fathtaheri

According to the principle of “impossibility of the knowledge of effect without the knowledge of cause”, it is not possible to attain any certain knowledge of an effect prior to attaining the knowledge of its cause. Based on logicians’ reading of this principle, it is o More

According to the principle of “impossibility of the knowledge of effect without the knowledge of cause”, it is not possible to attain any certain knowledge of an effect prior to attaining the knowledge of its cause. Based on logicians’ reading of this principle, it is only our acquired knowledge, which is obtained through reasoning, that conforms to this principle. Nevertheless, Mullā Ṣadrā provides an innovative analysis of the mentioned principle and, in contrast to logicians, concludes that it applies to all types of knowledge, whether acquired, presential, axiomatic, or theoretical. Some commentators of Mullā Ṣadrā’s works do not agree with his new interpretation of this principle and maintain that it is defective. However, the present study reveals that his perception is compatible with his own ontological principles, and the criticisms advanced by his commentators originate in their lack of attention to them. Manuscript profile

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23 - Applications of Mullā Ṣadrā’s Psychological Principles in Education
Mahdi Rezaei

The basis of education, in general, and Islamic education, in particular, is the human soul (psyche). In order to educate the soul and psyche, there are some principles that are employed to achieve the predetermined goals and objectives. Given the religious approach of More

The basis of education, in general, and Islamic education, in particular, is the human soul (psyche). In order to educate the soul and psyche, there are some principles that are employed to achieve the predetermined goals and objectives. Given the religious approach of this study and the potentials of the Transcendent Philosophy in this regard, the author has tried to identify and examine the applications of the principles of educating the soul (psyche) based on Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophical thoughts. Some of these principles include the substance of the soul’s immateriality, the corporeal origination and spiritual subsistence of the soul, and its graded trans-substantial motion in its process of development. Following this, he has dealt with the educational principles inferred from the mentioned principles and the purposes of this study, such as graded transcendence and graduation and transformationalism, reform, and recreation in the process of educating the soul (psyche). This study was conducted following a combination of descriptive-analytic and inferential methods while using library resources in order to describe the concepts and analyze and clarify the problem. The author has specifically referred to Mullā Ṣadrā’s books (particularly al-Asfār, VIII and IX) and the works of some of his commentators in order to extract and infer the related principles employed in the education of the soul. Manuscript profile

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24 - The Use of Intellect and Reasoning in Demonstrating Divine Attributes in Mullā Ṣadrā’s View
Mozhgan Fatahi Ali Arshad Riahi

Mullā Ṣadrā states in his works that the employment of the intellect and intellectual reasoning is efficient in the independent demonstration and understanding of divine attributes. By explaining Mullā Ṣadrā’s method of using the intellect, it becomes clear that he has More

Mullā Ṣadrā states in his works that the employment of the intellect and intellectual reasoning is efficient in the independent demonstration and understanding of divine attributes. By explaining Mullā Ṣadrā’s method of using the intellect, it becomes clear that he has formulated his discussion based on proof and has presented some extensive and cohesive discussions about divine attributes so that the most important of which have been clearly explained and demonstrated. Based on the present study, the most important philosophical arguments and principles which Mullā Ṣadrā has explained and demonstrated in this field include ontological proof, principle of “Truth in its simplicity contains everything”, principle of “The giver of something cannot lack it”, and principle of “The Necessary Being is necessary by essence from all aspects, and providence. Mullā Ṣadrā’s extensive discussions on divine attributes, which are based on rational arguments, indicate his belief in the truth of the intellect’s independent function in this field, on the one hand, and confirm its capability in the field of epistemology of divine attributes in an independent form, on the other hand. The result of this study is the development of an approach based on distinguishing the two independent and instrumental functions of the intellect, which has not been considered in other studies previously. Not distinguishing between these two functions has resulted in attributing an irrational and unverifiable or even eclectic nature to the methodology of the Transcendent Philosophy. As a case study on divine attributes, the present study explains the rational, verifiable, and philosophical dimensions to the Sadrian Transcendent Philosophy. Manuscript profile

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25 - Compilation Crisis Management Indicators with the Approach of Removing the Quran from Forgetfulness (Case Study: Calf Worship Crisis People of Moses)
Ali Nejatbakhsh Isfahani Ezatollah molaeiniya

Social, political, cultural and ideological crises on the one hand and the need to guide and lead the human society on the other hand necessitate the need to use an original thought in divine sovereignty. Since the philosophy of verses of revelation is not specific to a More

Social, political, cultural and ideological crises on the one hand and the need to guide and lead the human society on the other hand necessitate the need to use an original thought in divine sovereignty. Since the philosophy of verses of revelation is not specific to a particular society at a certain time, the safest way to guide the society can be extracted from the teachings of the Quran and its operationalization can be facilitated in the current era. In this research, enjoying the Quranic verses, the researcher has studied the life and tradition of Moses in the form of indices before, during and after the crisis along with providing a conceptual model developed by the researcher and validated by university and seminary professors. The research method is the seminary traditional deductive method. This means that the needed information is collected by analyzing the content of the verses Result: crisis management in his tradition According to the Quran, Moses had special features which made him a significant comprehensiveness. In fact, the most useful way to guide human beings and save them from the yoke of captivity, corruption, etc. is the adherence to the teachings of the divine, on the other hand the great event of prophetic movement of Imam Khomeini, the need to analyze issues related to management and leadership has become inevitable from the perspective of Islam. Therefore, by knowing Moses tradition and principles of crisis management on issues concerning the today's society and relying on the achievements of this research, the problems and crises can be faced simply. It is better to use these teachings in the face of crises to help the great leader in dispelling the management concerns, especially the demands of the spiritual leader of the Muslim world. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Identifying and prioritizing the guideline principles of successful deployment of agile knowledge management with Delphi approach at growth centre of technician and knowledge based units at imam Hussein comprehensive university
Mahdi Farmani Jabar Babashahi Mohammad arabi Esmail laali

Today, organizations need to strategically use their resources to succeed in the field of competition. One of the vital resources of organizations is their potential and actual knowledge. In this regard, management of these resources is also very important. During recen More

Today, organizations need to strategically use their resources to succeed in the field of competition. One of the vital resources of organizations is their potential and actual knowledge. In this regard, management of these resources is also very important. During recent decades, most of organizations have realized this importance and have implemented agile knowledge management in organization in pursuit of their goals. But many of these projects have failed due to various reasons. In this research, the researcher has tried to identify the guiding principles that will help the successful implementation of agile knowledge management at the growth centre of technician and knowledge based units at Imam Hossein comprehensive University. The statistical population of the study includes all the professors of the growth Centre of Technician and Knowledge based Units of the Imam Hossein comprehensive University. This research has two steps. Initially, using the review and analysis of the related research, the principles of agile knowledge management were extracted and identified. In the second step, the Delphi method was used to identify and rank the principles of agile knowledge management at the growth centre of technician and knowledge based units of Imam Hossein comprehensive University. Based on panel members' comments and the results, the 25 principles with the Kendall coefficient of 0.809 were obtained by consensus among the experts. Generalizing the comments of the experts, the guiding principles for the implementation of agile knowledge management ware developed and ranked. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - A Study of Specific Commonalities of Duties from Religious and Philosophical Perspectives: An Anthropological Approach
Ali Asghar Jafari Valani Habibeh Molapanah

This study investigates the problem of the possibility of similar duty from the viewpoints of religion and philosophy based on their anthropological principles. Since the problem of duty is tied to Man’s specific oneness and plurality, the study of religious and philoso More

This study investigates the problem of the possibility of similar duty from the viewpoints of religion and philosophy based on their anthropological principles. Since the problem of duty is tied to Man’s specific oneness and plurality, the study of religious and philosophical views in this regard could open some new horizons before us. Although religious figures and most philosophers advocate the “specific oneness” of human beings, existentialists acknowledge their specific multiplicity. Therefore, religions and most philosophers practically agree with the sameness of duties; however, theoretically speaking, it can be said that Man’s specific plurality necessitates the existence of different duties. Hence, it seems that there might be certain inconsistencies such as the contrast between Mullā Ṣadrā’s theory of Man’s specific multiplicity and his practical commitment to the similarity of duties. Nevertheless, to resolve this inconsistency, one can refer to Man’s stability in spite of their trans-substantial motion and specific plurality. Another contrast pertains to the verses referring to the essential equality of human beings and those emphasizing the performance of duties within the limits of one’s capabilities. One can refer to the difference between the stages of making the duties and their being made. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - A Philosophical Investigation of the Reasons for the Moral Practice of Organ Donation and Introducing Educational Principles and Methods to Persuade Trainees to Do it Based on the Islamic Perspective of Action
Morad Yaridrhnavi hamid Balochi

According to the teachings of the Holy Qur'an, God considers saving the life of one human being equal to saving the lives of all human beings. In contemporary medical and treatment culture, organ and tissue donation is one of the modern ways to treat humans ad save thei More

According to the teachings of the Holy Qur'an, God considers saving the life of one human being equal to saving the lives of all human beings. In contemporary medical and treatment culture, organ and tissue donation is one of the modern ways to treat humans ad save their lives. Practicing this moral and human value can help realize this divine teaching. This moral and value action has been investigated in different fields of research such as medicine, psychology, sociology, etc., nevertheless, it has not been studied from the perspective of education. In this regard, the present study pursued two objectives. First, the various reasons and factors expressed in persuading individuals to do the moral act of organ donation were categorized and explained from a philosophical viewpoint, and then by adopting a philosophical perspective (Islamic perspective of action), the educational foundations, principles and methods of persuading trainees to do this moral actin were deduced. For the first objective of the research, the descriptive-analytical method was used and for the second objective, Frankena's reconstructed model was utilized as the research methods. The results showed that the reasons for persuading individuals to do this moral action can be classified into four areas: intellectual, emotional, psychological and sociological. In accordance with the three principles of human practice from the Islamic perspective of action, the three educational principles including raising awareness about the moral action of organ donation, emotional transformation about it and making grounds for trainees to voluntarily do it, along with direct, semi-direct and indirect educational methods to realize these principles were recommended to act as guidelines for internalizing and persuading trainees to do organ donation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Social Aspect Analysis of Tourism Sustainable Entrepreneurship Management in Hotel Industry Case Study: 4 and 5 Star Hotels of Tehran
Abdoreza Roknodin

Entrepreneurship is a crucial element in the social, organizational and personal success. One of the important approaches in entrepreneurship is social entrepreneurship which seems to be a beneficial instrument in reaching businesses' social sustainability. Social dimen More

Entrepreneurship is a crucial element in the social, organizational and personal success. One of the important approaches in entrepreneurship is social entrepreneurship which seems to be a beneficial instrument in reaching businesses' social sustainability. Social dimension is one of the most important one in sustainability. Also, in tourism industry, there is an extensive interaction between people and many social consequences, therefor, more importance would be attached to the social challenges. Hotels as one of the most important sectors of tourism industry have various impacts on the society and the environment but implications of tourism businesses (including hotels) commitment to the social sustainability principles in Iran are limited. So that, current paper will answer the following question: what is the level of attention to social aspects of sustainable entrepreneurship management in Iran’s hotels? In order to answer this question, surveys and observation were used in 17, 4 and 5 star hotels of Tehran. Moreover, 5 objective indicators related to hotels’ sustainable social activities were observed and the outcomes were compared with the surveys results. Questionnaires were distributed among 17 managers, 213 employees, 96 guests and 196 neighbors of hotels. One sample T test, two sample T test and ANOVA analysis were used in order to test the research hypothesis. Gained results indicate the difference between surveys outcome and the observed facts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Social capital in Islam
علی افسری

Social capital that has been developed by Western scholars is one of the most important concepts in economics, management and social and political sciences. This study examines the the concept of social capital from the Islamic perspective. As a result The study of I More

Social capital that has been developed by Western scholars is one of the most important concepts in economics, management and social and political sciences. This study examines the the concept of social capital from the Islamic perspective. As a result The study of Islamic principles such as unity, brotherhood, justice, taavon, consultation, Mosabereh and Morabeteh, Takafol and Islamic moral virtues show that the implementation of Islamic principles has a large impact on different types and different levels of social capital. In addition, it seems that the implementation of these principles is the most effective way to bring social capital to its highest possible level. Cognitive aspects of Islamic social capital are formed by the unity and brotherhood principles and many moral virtues and the structural aspects are formed by the principles such as taavon, Mosabereh and Morabeteh, consultation, Takafol and social aspects of Islamic rulings. Islamic pattern of social participation can correct the defects of non-Islamic patterns and social participation based on Islamic pattern has a major impact on development of Islamic society. So Propagation of Islamic beliefs and culture and expanding social participation in various affairs are important methods for increasing social capital stock. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Assumptions of professional ethics of university faculty members with emphasis on Islamic sources
AbdOlhamid Farzaneh

The aim of this research is to prove the existence of pre - assumption of ethics of university instructors in religious teachings . for this purpose , by the method of library research and analysis and description of the verses of the qur an and the traditions of the in More

The aim of this research is to prove the existence of pre - assumption of ethics of university instructors in religious teachings . for this purpose , by the method of library research and analysis and description of the verses of the qur an and the traditions of the infallibles ( peace be upon them ) and viewpoints of the scholars , findings were obtained which showed that not only these assumptions are in accordance with the latest theories of the new sciences . the results of three groups were given the main hypothesis to enter the field of education that it can be successful in achieving educational and educational goals . these preconditions consist of elements and pre - assumptions including belief in the special efficiency of god , faith in the permanent supervision of god and revelation of truth in the judgment , the importance of purification and pre - assumption of knowledge including beginning of self and protection and strengthening of their scientific status , respecting the proper appearance , regularity and discipline , kindness with audiences and honesty and being a positive and positive role in achieving their educational and educational goals. Manuscript profile

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32 - Ontological Principles of Man’s Identity in the Transcendent Philosophy
Ali Zamani Kharaei J‘afar Shanazari Seyyed Mahdi Emami Jome‘e

Identity is one of the most important key terms in humanities in the contemporary world. Similar to other theoretical concepts, it originates in metaphysical principles and cannot go beyond them. A study of the principles of the Transcendent Philosophy with reference to More

Identity is one of the most important key terms in humanities in the contemporary world. Similar to other theoretical concepts, it originates in metaphysical principles and cannot go beyond them. A study of the principles of the Transcendent Philosophy with reference to the attention to the truth of existence and the related principles reveals that Man’s true identity is the same as its status, which is simple and, while enjoying stability in character, is gradual and fluid. Accordingly, in the course of its motion, the human identity experiences different changes and attains several scientific and practical perfections that result in different effects and levels with each having its own specific attributes and names. This perception of Man is not only consistent with the realities of human life and Iranian-Islamic culture but also capable of resolving many of the concerns and challenges in modern sciences in relation to anthropology and identity crisis. The present paper examines the ontological principles of the Transcendent Philosophy in relation to Man’s identity and its effects.In the course of its movement, this existence experiences various changes and achieves many scientific and practical perfections, which causes it to have various effects and degrees in such a way that various attributes and characteristics are obtained from each of its stages. This recognition of human beings is not only compatible with the realities of human life and Iranian-Islamic culture, but also eliminates many concerns and challenges of new sciences in the field of anthropology and identity crisis. This article points to the ontological foundations of transcendental wisdom and its relationship with human identity and examines its results. Manuscript profile

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33 - The Principle Of Good Faith In Civil Proceedings (In The Light Of Judicial Procedure)
Arman Yaghobi Moghadam Kourosh Delpasand

10.61186/ahrar.2.4.5

In Iran, the principle of good faith, both in substantive and formal law, has not been properly addressed by the legislature, and the doctrine has examined it only in the context of civil law. In litigation, it is important to examine the principle at the litigation sta More

In Iran, the principle of good faith, both in substantive and formal law, has not been properly addressed by the legislature, and the doctrine has examined it only in the context of civil law. In litigation, it is important to examine the principle at the litigation stage and the procedure. And In this study, I will write about the legal status of good faith in the trial in different figures of the good faith of the litigants, the respondent judge, witness and attracting third parties related to the lawsuit and etc. Manuscript profile

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34 - Analysis of the jurisprudential (Fiqh) foundations of the six areas of education and training in the document of the fundamental transformation of education
Hasan Mohammadpoor Mohsen Malek Afzali Ardakani Ali hemat banari

The six educational areas in the document of the fundamental transformation of education and training have been gathered according to the different needs of human beings and based on meeting these needs and the flourishing of talents and abilities and moving in the dire More

The six educational areas in the document of the fundamental transformation of education and training have been gathered according to the different needs of human beings and based on meeting these needs and the flourishing of talents and abilities and moving in the direction of pure life. Scholars of the education system of the Islamic Republic of Iran have relied on different principles and foundations to design these areas, which are the basis for a great change in society. This article seeks to study the principles of jurisprudence based on verses and traditions and the opinions and views of jurists in the fields with a descriptive-analytical method and with the aim of explaining the reflection of jurisprudential principles in the six areas of education and training. The result of the research shows that different domain of the six areas of education and training in the document are in broad harmony with Islamic teachings. Experts in the field of education in the country have written the document accordingly. Because the importance of relying on these principles for the emergence of capabilities and achieving a pure life and the desired perfection is undeniable. Manuscript profile

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35 - Investigation and Critique of the Anthropological Foundations and Principles of Personalistic moral Education
Edris Eslami

The purpose of this article is to investigate and criticize the anthropological foundations and principles of personalistic moral education. To this end, methods of practical analogy and internal criticism have been used; using the first method, the anthropological prin More

The purpose of this article is to investigate and criticize the anthropological foundations and principles of personalistic moral education. To this end, methods of practical analogy and internal criticism have been used; using the first method, the anthropological principles of personalistic moral education and relying on the second method, the serious challenges of the anthropological foundations of personalism and principles of moral education based on it have been discovered. The findings suggest that based on the anthropological foundations of personalism, principles of moral education such as doing moral activity, encouraging decision making, community formation and personhood education can be achieved. In addition, serious challenges of this approach to moral education are internal inconsistency in the concept of freedom, idealism and incompatibility with contemporary world conditions in the concept of community and extreme privatization and not paying attention to the moral pattern. Manuscript profile

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36 - Principles and rules of Islamic educational jurisprudence in the scope of Teaching and learning
esa bahrami Abbas Ali Heydari mahmud ghayumzadeh

The purpose if this study was to investigate the principles and rules of Islamic educational jurisprudence in the scope of teaching and learning. The research method was documentary-qualitative and the statistical population consisted of published documents in the field More

The purpose if this study was to investigate the principles and rules of Islamic educational jurisprudence in the scope of teaching and learning. The research method was documentary-qualitative and the statistical population consisted of published documents in the field of education in Islam. Data has been collected by index cards of the library. Descriptive-analytical method was used to analyze the data. In this study, there were three hypotheses that were explained and analyzed. The results of the study show educational jurisprudence in connection with educational sciences provides a good basis for using the useful science because this link, in addition to determining the correctness and punishment of what has been learned, it determines its effects and blessings in the world and in the hereafter. Teaching and learning is not rich enough if it does not pay attention to its jurisprudential rules. Human doings have meaning when they are more compatible with divine and jurisprudential values. Since Educational jurisprudence and the rules of teaching and learning have common sources, they are correlated and interdependent. Their sources are the Holy Quran, narrations and the Prophetic tradition. Commitment to the rules of teaching and learning ensures the effectiveness of the education process in individual and social dimensions of life. Manuscript profile

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37 - A study of the relationship between Imami theology and Shiite mysticism in the realm of principles and foundations
Zohreh Borgheie abbas izadpanah Marzieh Dast Mard

In the relationship between the two sciences in the realm of principles, both sciences are interdependent. The subject of Imami theology is monotheism, prophethood and Imamate, which is the basis for the subject of Shiite mysticism, which is monotheism and guardianship. More

In the relationship between the two sciences in the realm of principles, both sciences are interdependent. The subject of Imami theology is monotheism, prophethood and Imamate, which is the basis for the subject of Shiite mysticism, which is monotheism and guardianship. The method of research in theoretical mysticism is intuition, analysis and argument. The end of mysticism and theology is the attainment of God, which also leads to a deepening of the view of the end of theology. Epistemological topics and the necessity of knowing Hazrat Haqq are the principles of both sciences. Mystical intuitive knowledge is the basis of the occult knowledge of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) and the divine prophets, and the cultivation of the mystical soul is the basis of the infallibility of the prophets and imams. The two sciences of Imami theology and Shiite mysticism, in the field of principles and foundations, should be compared comparatively to explain the points of community and differentiation, this matter has been less considered so far. Seeks to study the relationship between Imami theology and Shiite mysticism in the realm of principles and foundations, and finally came to the conclusion that in the realm of principles and foundations, both are based on verses and hadiths, both rely on the monotheistic spirit, the thematic approach of the two It is common to many things, and ... although there are differences in this area, which include an intuitive and empirical approach to mysticism as opposed to theology, the mission of these two sciences is different in guidance. Manuscript profile

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38 - The effect of student fundamental rights in education
Mohammad Nik Fekar

Student's rights include all the rights that a person who is studying or because of studying in the education system of the country enjoys. The main goal of the current research is the effect of the basic rights of students in education, so that by relying on it, the du More

Student's rights include all the rights that a person who is studying or because of studying in the education system of the country enjoys. The main goal of the current research is the effect of the basic rights of students in education, so that by relying on it, the duties, obligations and responsibilities of teachers, school officials and other people involved in the education of students can be identified and introduced. The current research is a qualitative study that was conducted using the qualitative content analysis method of inductive classification. A systematic review and analysis of legal sources has led to the formulation of a set of principles under the title of principles of law in education. These fourteen extracted principles are based on the amount of citations in the studied legal sources in the three categories specified in the official laws (including access to free education, physical training facilities and access to higher education), approved in the official laws (including social security, freedom of choice and The method of education, raising the level of knowledge and public awareness, teaching in the mother tongue, academic security, enjoying equal rights and freedom of political and socio-cultural activities) and specified in the laws of education (including the cultivation of artistic creativity, promotion of facilities and suitable opportunities for leisure time , academic guidance and facilitation of education conditions for children with special needs) are classified. It is suggested that in future studies, the extracted conceptual model should be analyzed from the perspective of experts and legal and educational experts and adjusted and modified by applying their opinions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Analysis of Ethical Principles of Disciplinary and Educational Responses to Juvenile Delinquency from the Perspective of Islamic Criminal Law
roh allah ebrahimi mohamad ali haji deh abadi ALIREZA HOSSINI

Ethical principles Disciplinary and educational responses to juvenile delinquency reflect the facts and rules that have a moral character and are used as a response to the crimes and violations of children and adolescents in order to maintain and promote their moral cha More

Ethical principles Disciplinary and educational responses to juvenile delinquency reflect the facts and rules that have a moral character and are used as a response to the crimes and violations of children and adolescents in order to maintain and promote their moral characteristics and legitimacy. The answers are in the light of observing these principles. The present article has examined the nature of these principles by descriptive-analytical method and based on reference to authoritative Islamic sources. The findings of the study indicate that in Islamic law, the ethical foundations of disciplinary and educational responses to juvenile delinquency are diverse in addition to persuasion. Engaging in the development of the child, correcting and rehabilitating, promoting and exalting the moral virtues of love-loving and justice-oriented are among the principles that are used to change the way of thinking and beliefs of children and adolescents and to reconstruct or create moral feelings and virtues. ¬ Restraint on moral behaviors based on religious and Islamic teachings are used and from this perspective help to restore public order and security. Manuscript profile

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40 - The role of moral principles in climate obligations from the perspective of international law
Reza Maleki Masoud Raee Dehghi

Despite the existence of a legal regime to deal with climate change in the current era, the various consequences of climate change are increasing rapidly and the most negative effects are on the poor and marginalized people around the world. Considering the ineffectiven More

Despite the existence of a legal regime to deal with climate change in the current era, the various consequences of climate change are increasing rapidly and the most negative effects are on the poor and marginalized people around the world. Considering the ineffectiveness of the government's legal responsibility institution in meeting climate commitments, what practical solutions can be considered to deal with this challenge? It seems that considering the uneven path of the legal system of international responsibility to deal with climate change, from the Structural Convention to Paris, it is possible to resort to the moral responsibility of governments by validating moral principles. In this article, with a descriptive and analytical method, after examining the legal regime of climate change and its challenges, ethical principles and its relationship with obligations related to climate change are discussed as a practical solution to deal with climate change. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - The moral principles of the Prophet (PBUH) in wars based on the history of the Prophet (PBUH) and the Qur'an
mahdi abedi Mohamadreza Hosseni Mohammad taher yaghoub

Ethics and moral principles are one of the important aspects of Islam and are of great importance. Therefore, in the Holy Qur'an, one of the goals of the mission of the Prophet (PBUH) is to educate and teach wisdom, and since the Prophet (PBUH) was in charge of the sove More

Ethics and moral principles are one of the important aspects of Islam and are of great importance. Therefore, in the Holy Qur'an, one of the goals of the mission of the Prophet (PBUH) is to educate and teach wisdom, and since the Prophet (PBUH) was in charge of the sovereignty of the Islamic religion, he behaved ethically and adhered to moral principles at various times. Among the scenes in which the Prophet was placed were times of war when they tried to observe moral principles What is considered in this article is what kind of behavior the Prophet (pbuh) had when he was in different scenes of war, and in fact, this issue is examined through the Qur'an and the historical biography of the Prophet (pbuh). What is obtained from this research is that, contrary to the opinion of the Orientalists who interpreted the Prophet's campaigns based on violence and gaining booty, the Prophet adhered to moral principles in his wars and tried his best to perform moral actions such as They should teach Muslims compassion and kindness, keeping promises, patience and perseverance, etc. Manuscript profile

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42 - The Role Of Good Faith Principle In Iranian Law And International Commercial Contracts (During Negotiation, Conclusion, Performance And Interpretation Of Contracts)
Nazila Taghavi

10.61186/ahrar.45870.4.7.1

Good faith principle, as one of the ethical principles, has a significant place in contract law. In our law, there is no separate article to observe good faith. However, by searching the provisions of various laws, especially insurance laws, and referring to them, we ca More

Good faith principle, as one of the ethical principles, has a significant place in contract law. In our law, there is no separate article to observe good faith. However, by searching the provisions of various laws, especially insurance laws, and referring to them, we can infer a general rule for observing good faith in laws and make the parties to the contract obliged to observe it in all stages of the contract, including negotiation, conclusion, performance and interpretation. In fact, legal examples such as options, provisions regarding coercion and necessity, non-reliability of defects, deals of bankrupt merchants after acceptance, etc. can be considered as evidence of accepting this principle in Iranian law. On the other hand, according to Article 1-7 of the Principles of International Commercial Contracts, the parties must act in accordance with good faith and fair dealing. Therefore, the principle of good faith must be observed in all stages of the contract. The function of this rule can be seen in various provisions of these principles. Manuscript profile

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43 - The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran: the field of conflicts and conflicts
Qasem Qasemi bivarzani Fariborz Letafati Roqaye Bahonar

10.61186/ahrar.45996.4.8.1

There are severe conflicts and conflicts in the various principles of the Islamic Republic of Iran's Constitution. These matters are also seen in the principles related to the judiciary. Principles 36 and 167 of the Constitution are among these. And conflicts and confli More

There are severe conflicts and conflicts in the various principles of the Islamic Republic of Iran's Constitution. These matters are also seen in the principles related to the judiciary. Principles 36 and 167 of the Constitution are among these. And conflicts and conflicts have spread from the text of the constitution to other laws. For example, the ambiguity in Article 167 of the Constitution has spread to Article 220 of the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2012. And this law, which, as a normal law, should contribute to the transparency and elaboration of the principles of the Constitution. It has suffered from abbreviations and generalizations, the result of which will be the abandonment and ineffectiveness of Article 167 of the Constitution in practice. Manuscript profile

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44 - Investigation of Shia hadith developments in the field of hadith explanation and hadith jurisprudence in the eleventh century of Hijri Relying on the explanations of Mulla Sadra and Mulla Saleh Mazandarani, Barkatab Usul Kafi
Azam Khodamipour ghsem faez seyed mohammad razavi

With the formation of the Safavid dynasty and the formalization of the Shia religion, followed by the request of scholars to publish knowledge, a suitable platform was formed in the 11th century. More than eighty percent of the explanations of the Arbaa books were writt More

With the formation of the Safavid dynasty and the formalization of the Shia religion, followed by the request of scholars to publish knowledge, a suitable platform was formed in the 11th century. More than eighty percent of the explanations of the Arbaa books were written in this time, in terms of quantity and quality, among which the principles of Sufi have been given more attention than other books. Count the hadith. His careful look at the religious narrations caused him to change the purely narrating and devotional view of the texts. According to Allameh Shearani, this description has left a deep impact on the interpretations and has transformed them. Mullah Saleh Mazandarani also wrote a commentary on the sufficient principles after Mullah Sadra. This analytical, descriptive and applied article by Baroosh examines the effective platforms in the writing of hadith works in the eleventh century in order to reveal by analyzing the methods of hadith jurisprudence in the commentaries of Mulla Sadra and Mulla Saleh that the hadith activities of this period were not only quantitative in terms of quantity but also rich in terms of quality. The use of the rules of logic and philosophical and rational discussions, the approach of interpretation and translation, paying attention to conveying the meaning and resolving the conflict of narrations are some of the prominent features of this explanation. Manuscript profile

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