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Open Access Article
1 - Technology Development in Research and Technology Organizations
reza bandarian mahdi bandarianResearch and Technology Organizations (RTOs) according to their mission are responsible for technology development and facilitating its commercialization in order to enhance and support the technological and innovative capabilities of relevant and related industries. Th MoreResearch and Technology Organizations (RTOs) according to their mission are responsible for technology development and facilitating its commercialization in order to enhance and support the technological and innovative capabilities of relevant and related industries. The complexity and specific nature of the technology development process in RTOs in order to effective respond to the needs of industry require to designed a technology development and commercialization process which encompasses different requirements to meet the numerous challenges and problems in this direction and lead to matching between type and time of technological demands of industry and technology development and commercialization process of RTOs. In order to respond to these challenges, this paper attempt to present a modified model for the technology development and commercialization in RTOs. This model is adjusted based on the existing literature using the case study (multiple) of technology development and commercialization process in best practices by using qualitative analysis. After explaining the model, finally concluded with the analytical implication of the model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Examining the effect of knowledge integration capability on technological innovation and strategic performance:a case of pharmaceutical firms in Iran
nima mokhtarzadeh mahmood zamani Mohammad gashtasbiThis study addresses two objectives. First, it examines the effect of knowledge integration capability (KIC) on technological innovation capabilities (TIC), namely process innovation and product innovation, and firm’s strategic performance (SP). Second to investigate th MoreThis study addresses two objectives. First, it examines the effect of knowledge integration capability (KIC) on technological innovation capabilities (TIC), namely process innovation and product innovation, and firm’s strategic performance (SP). Second to investigate the mediating role of product innovation capability in process innovation capability- SP relationship. In terms of objective, the current research is applied. This study was conducted using descriptive – correlation methodology. Simple random sampling (SRS) method was employed to the selection of the samples. The study population consisted of all active pharmaceutical firms in Islamic Republic of Iran. The sample size was 86 pharmaceutical firms. Correlation analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique were employed to test of the research model and hypotheses. Data analysis showed that knowledge integration capability has a direct and significant effect on technological innovation capabilities and firm’s strategic performance. Finding also revealed that product innovation capability significantly affects the relationship between process innovation capability and firm’s strategic performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Designing an Optimal Model for Deploying Interactive Intelligent Vocational Learning in Tehran University Based on Strategic Analysis
The purpose of this descriptive-survey study is to design an optimal model for deploying interactive virtual interactive tutorials in Tehran University based on strategic analysis. To achieve this goal, a five-step research method after identifying beneficiary groups us MoreThe purpose of this descriptive-survey study is to design an optimal model for deploying interactive virtual interactive tutorials in Tehran University based on strategic analysis. To achieve this goal, a five-step research method after identifying beneficiary groups using the dimensions and components The virtual intelligent interactive training in Tehran University was identified from the viewpoint of the stakeholders, and after analyzing their views, a selection of experts from virtual education experts and policy makers of higher education was monitored and confirmed, according to which the optimal model was designed and group of experts was validated. The results of this research show that the possibility of deploying interactive virtual interactive tutorials in Tehran University in terms of high technology infrastructure in terms of human resources infrastructure is moderate and in terms of cultural and social infrastructure is lower than average is. Based on these results, optimal deployment model was designed based on five dimensions and 32 components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - ICT services and infrastructure development strategies in iran with an economic approach
hassan mohammad ghaffari -
Open Access Article
5 - Analysis of the strategic position of the tourism industry in Takab
Mahdi Ebrahimi amirhossein tayyebiPlanners and development policymakers mention tourism as the main pillar of development in different countries. Today, tourism can create employment, increase income and ultimately prosperity and improve the livelihoods of the people. This research, which aims to determ MorePlanners and development policymakers mention tourism as the main pillar of development in different countries. Today, tourism can create employment, increase income and ultimately prosperity and improve the livelihoods of the people. This research, which aims to determine the strategic position of the tourism industry in Takab, is an applied research and Delphi descriptive research method. The model used in the research is a comprehensive strategic management model based on SWOT technique. Research data was collected using the Delphi technique from 16 experts, officials and administrators of the tourism area of Takab city and analyzed. In the results section, while outlining the vision, mission and objectives of the proposed development, the results of the evaluation of internal and external factors have also been presented. This result suggests that the tourism industry of this city is in a defensive position and requires special attention of the authorities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigation of challenges and strategies of rural urban1 spatial development (Case study: East and west Bandpey district of Babol town)
Dr saadi Mohammadi elham davari chnoor mohammadiAbstract Problem Scheme: Urbanization and increase of population, and consequently development of small and large towns are among today's trends. The sustainable development of the mentioned items is bound to having an efficient urban management and planning. Urban m MoreAbstract Problem Scheme: Urbanization and increase of population, and consequently development of small and large towns are among today's trends. The sustainable development of the mentioned items is bound to having an efficient urban management and planning. Urban management focuses highly on the issues of metropolises, large cities and sometimes mid-sized ones, and it gives much less attention to the managerial issues in rural urban areas. However, if rural urban areas can be economically independent, they can play a significant role in flourishing and booming their surrounding environment through holding a major share of production, investment and human resources. Objective: Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the challenges and strategies of rural urban areas which have recently turned into towns. Method: This is a descriptive-analytical research which collected its data through the documentation and field techniques. The population included households residing in East and west Bandpey district of Babol town, among which two hundred households were randomly selected as sample using the Cochran's method. Results: Finally, after information collection and analysis, it was concluded that such rural urban areas are facing fundamental issues and obstacles such as waste disposal and separation, poor performance of urban bodies, low engagement of citizens in urban projects, etc. which can be resolved through adopting strategies such as reinforcement of urban organizations, development and expansion of services and urban facilities, utilization of local potentials, etc. Innovation: Considering that village-cities as a city-village link play an important role in regional equilibrium, the study of the challenges and challenges of the future and the determination of the spatial development strategies of these settlements is an innovation of this research Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Geopolitical Analysis of Spatial Planinng View in Afghanistan and Providing Strategic Model
Atiqullah Ghamari Qiuomars Yazdanpanah Dero Zahra Pishgahi fard Hossein HataminejadIn the structure of the political economy of the world, some countries are developed and some are developing. Some countries are not only not being developed due to geopolitical fragility and threats and internal crises and the external environment, but also on the pat MoreIn the structure of the political economy of the world, some countries are developed and some are developing. Some countries are not only not being developed due to geopolitical fragility and threats and internal crises and the external environment, but also on the path to development. Afghanistan is now considered to be one of the world's worst-hit and underdeveloped countries, with no clear prospects for development, nor at the level of the basic development theorem, nor with clear, coherent development strategies, nor with any operational guarantee document. These problems in Afghanistan are rooted in internal and external issues of geography, culture, politics and security. Therefore, planning for the country's territorial development depends on solving these problems. Strategic planning with a framework and political and security considerations can reduce security threats and political challenges and, as a result, territorial development. Therefore, this article attempts to analyze the internal and external factors affecting territorial integration in Afghanistan from a geopolitical point of view. In this regard, there are two questions to be asked: 1) What are the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and geopolitical threats of Afghanistan in its spatial planinng? 2) How can the landscape of the land in Afghanistan be mapped based on internal and external geopolitical factors? This paper has been written in a descriptive-analytical manner, and the required data is also compiled in a library, documentary and bases and websites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Strategic Tourism Planning in ilam Province Using the Meta Swot Technique
Lotfali kozegarkaleji sajjad darabiToday, tourism is referred to as the tourism industry, which plays an important role in the economic development of human societies. The expansion of the tourism industry is an activity that affects almost all macroeconomic indicators. In the present era, considering th MoreToday, tourism is referred to as the tourism industry, which plays an important role in the economic development of human societies. The expansion of the tourism industry is an activity that affects almost all macroeconomic indicators. In the present era, considering the globalization of most countries and cities, they are looking for appropriate planning to improve their competitive position and, consequently, to increase their quality of social life. This research was conducted with the aim of developing tourism in ilam province using the Strategic, Strategic Meta-SWOT Planning Model. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and in terms of applied purpose. The method of collecting documentary data is survey. The statistical population consists of 25 experts and experts in the field of tourism. In order to analyze the research data, the Meta-SWOT model has been used. The findings of the research show that the main factor in the development of tourism in the province of ilam is political stability and the most important strategy for the development of tourism industry in iIlam province is to compete with its regional rivals and the eco tourism tourists. Among other influential factors is the strengthening and development of infrastructures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Infill development: capacities and necessities of growth management and spatial rearrangement of Tehran
The lands in cities are areas for urban development and infill development is the process of optimization of land use. Planning and growth management by infill development policy, compare with other growth policies is closer and more consistent to sustainability. In thi MoreThe lands in cities are areas for urban development and infill development is the process of optimization of land use. Planning and growth management by infill development policy, compare with other growth policies is closer and more consistent to sustainability. In this paper, we are going to study capacities and necessities of infill development of Tehran, by means of descriptive analytic and by use of documentary data. Findings indicate Tehran has the capacity of development and subsequently ready to growth management and special rearrangement via infill development. More than 18000 hectares of lands with infill development capacities that occupied 30% of city areas and 52% of vacant spaces and areas with developmental goals and high availability along with distribution and increment process, from east to west and north to south, makes possible not only physical growth management, but also facilitate spatial rearrangement to balance of inequality among regions and city zones by means of the policy of infill development and topical and local capacities. Redevelopment of north ,east and south areas, new development of west area and revitalization of central area, are general strategies of infill development in Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Changes in Rural Fabrics in the Process of Transformation of Land Use Systems, Taking into Account Rural Settlements in the Ardabil Area (1976-2016)
asghar safarnejad ِAbaas SaidiThe people living in rural areas have created special residential fabrics during the time, based on the socio-economic relationships that determine their lives and activities, which in terms of both physical-structural, and various socio-economic functions, are consider MoreThe people living in rural areas have created special residential fabrics during the time, based on the socio-economic relationships that determine their lives and activities, which in terms of both physical-structural, and various socio-economic functions, are considered as valuable historical-civilization heritage of the country. Recognizing the set of effective forces in the formation of such textures and the factors influencing their structural-functional transformation, opens the way for recognizing the processes of production and formation of social spaces. Therfore, the scientific understanding of such processes, as well as the formation of different types of land use in the process of general socio-economic development, is one of the basic tasks of researchers in space systems, especially of geographers. This article, as a case study, relying on the "strategy of structural-functional dynamics", tries beside the reviewing the main forces and factors affecting the formation of various rural textures in Ardabil region, to evaluate the relationships between differnet land uses and transformation of rural fabrics. The research method in this study was descriptive-analytical and based on the collection of library and field data and information (observation and interview). The results show that the development of texture by changing aspects and dimensions of land use in these villages according to the conditions of the whole country is in line with the transformation of spaces and a kind of orientation towards urban spaces. It is clear that such changes have been accompanied by positive and negative aspects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Designing a competitiveness model using strategic cognitive complexity; Investigating the mediating effect of market intelligence
gholamreza Amini Khiyabani davood feizCompetitiveness is a complex and multidimensional concept, making it possible to get high-quality feedback from the environment. This research was designed in order to improve the competitiveness capability; because competitiveness plays a basic role in an organization’ MoreCompetitiveness is a complex and multidimensional concept, making it possible to get high-quality feedback from the environment. This research was designed in order to improve the competitiveness capability; because competitiveness plays a basic role in an organization’s productivity. To this end, we employed the cognitive complexity as a strategic concept using its key components including market sensation and customer psychology. Moreover, we examined three dimensions of market intelligence to develop the model. Data was collected through in library studies and interview with master students of Tehran University, school for performing arts and music. Collected data was analyzed by the system dynamics method with the aim of variables’ future behavior estimation. In doing so, 2 scenarios were simulated using Vensim PLE software. In the first scenario, market sensation led to strategic innovation through requisite infrastructure to create and disseminate intelligence. In the second scenario, customer psychology was identified as an effective factor in market accountability and competency creation. Findings showed that little improvement in customer psychology causes more customer perceptual competency. To understand and interpret the complex environment, designing an integrated and intelligence information systems is recommended. This is required to achieve both strategic innovation and organization competency simultaneously in order to increase the capacity of competitiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Necessity of Legal Support from Textile Industry
ali mashhadi Maedeh Pour barkhordariIn recent years, the country's textile industry has faced numerous legal challenges. It can be said that the textile industry due to the constant demand for its types of products, considering that among the basic economic needs is in the third place the importance (afte MoreIn recent years, the country's textile industry has faced numerous legal challenges. It can be said that the textile industry due to the constant demand for its types of products, considering that among the basic economic needs is in the third place the importance (after food and housing), as well as its history in the country, its contribution to domestic and export needs Especially its job creation is of great importance. Legal and executive shortcomings in this area have caused the industry to suffer serious damage. This article attempts to address some of the legal issues and challenges of this industry. So first deals with the status and importance of the textile industry and then examines the legal issues of the textile industry and its challenges. The basic premise of this paper is that it is necessary to take a step in the textile industry by analyzing and studying its relative advantages in establishing the specific legal system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Normative analysis of precipitation characteristics and Iranian water resources in the texts of Iranian geographers
mohammad hosein ramesht Farokh Malekzadeh Somayeh Sadat shahzeidiGeographical researchers provide normative interpretations, of the territorial characteristics of Iran. According to most writings, the amount of precipitation in Iran is less than one-third of the global average. When it comes to the time of precipitation, it is contra MoreGeographical researchers provide normative interpretations, of the territorial characteristics of Iran. According to most writings, the amount of precipitation in Iran is less than one-third of the global average. When it comes to the time of precipitation, it is contrasted with the time of water need, and regarding the spatial distribution and pattern of the precipitation, the heterogeneous distribution is considered along with random and flood patterns. Now the question is that whether we are allowed to offer normative interpretations of this situation as scientific researchers, and if there are appropriate strategies that can turn these characteristics into opportunities. The present study has tried to answer these questions by relying on the phenomenological method and analyzing the texts of 50 works by Iranian geographers based on the Janet method along with the use of central core indicators, maximum repetitions, Brust Detection, and centrality of the CiteSpace. The results of the study show that: • Normative loading is not permissible in the field of science for identifying the precipitation characteristics and water resources of Iran; • The climatic characteristics of a region shape its territorial identity, and strategic planning policies should be a function of it; and • Normative analysis of the climatic characteristics of Iran is mostly the product of the dominant positivism of Iranian geographers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Teacher Professional Ethics: Strategies for increasing the passion for communicating in English classes
tayebeh fani maryam farzamOne of the most important components of teacher ethics is the fostering of reasoning, encouraging thinking and enhancing students' skills for achieving independence in learning. In the field of English learning, teachers also need strategies to enhance student communica MoreOne of the most important components of teacher ethics is the fostering of reasoning, encouraging thinking and enhancing students' skills for achieving independence in learning. In the field of English learning, teachers also need strategies to enhance student communication skills in order to create meaningful interactions, one of which is to teach learner strategies to learners. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to investigate the effect of teaching cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies on the eagerness to communicate with intermediate learners. The participants of this research, including 90 students of the Diako language academy in Tehran who were selected based on the Oxford Oxford test scores, were randomly divided into two experimental and one control groups. The experimental groups received training on cognitive strategies for the first 10 weeks, and other meta-cognitive strategies training, in addition to the usual training of the institute. The training of the control group was based on a predetermined program of the institution without emphasis on language learning strategies. The amount of enthusiasm for communicating participants before and after the training was collected through a questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics and variance analysis and Levine tests. Findings of the research showed that teaching cognitive and metacognitive strategies significantly increased the students' passion for communication. The results of the research also indicated that the methods of teaching cognitive and metacognitive strategies are both equally effective and not superior to each other. The results of this study can provide a platform for the development of teachers' professional ethics on the one hand and the development of communication skills of learners on the other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Cloud Computing- The Business Perspective: Appropriate Strategies to Eliminate or Decrease of Weaknesses and Threats
Maryam Ashoori Farid Khosh Alhan najme jooriyanTodays, Internet have been engulfed all aspects of our life. Cloud computing is the newest presenting of internet on the ubiquitous web. Cloud computing considered as a provider of host benefits and has addictive natural in information technology and Business world. Org MoreTodays, Internet have been engulfed all aspects of our life. Cloud computing is the newest presenting of internet on the ubiquitous web. Cloud computing considered as a provider of host benefits and has addictive natural in information technology and Business world. Organizations need to search extra addiction and considering real value of compounding cloud in business. Establishing business on cloud needed deployment models and cloud services. Also we can receive greater services by spending lower costs. This research has studied cloud system and its components, the business perspective, which is starting organization's business on cloud needed. In addition, concepts of core technology and SWOT analysis of small and medium organizations and available challenges have been explained in the world of cloud. Then, this paper has presented suggestive strategies for converting weaknesses to strengths and threats to opportunity. The proposed strategies help decreasing-cost and increasing productivity in organizations and normal users. They cause to improve profitability in business that they related to cloud computing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Commercialization in Innovation Management and Introduce Major Commercialization Models for High Tech Industries
Jahangir Yadoollahi Farsi Zahra KalanhaeiToday, the biggest challenge which researchers, companies and investors are faced with is how and by using which strategies they can make new science and technologies profitable. So we should find the problem in commercialization process and state of the opportunity exp MoreToday, the biggest challenge which researchers, companies and investors are faced with is how and by using which strategies they can make new science and technologies profitable. So we should find the problem in commercialization process and state of the opportunity exploitation. The decision of the “right” time to exploit opportunities is an important one in creating a successful business. Commercialization is the important part of innovation process and it’s an inevitable phase of idea to the market journey for every products. Commercialization is an attempt to profit from innovation by incorporating new technologies into products, processes, and services and selling them in the marketplace. For many new technologies, commercialization implies scaling up from prototype to volume manufacturing and committing greater resources to marketing and sales activities. Commercialization strategies indicate different ways of exploitation of researches and technologies that researchers and start-up companies need them for transferring knowledge from concept to the market. On the other hand, decisions to commercialize new technology are closely linked to characteristics of the innovation system in which the firm operates. Choosing a proper Commercialization strategy and also a model is one of the most crucial decisions a firm makes in terms of its ability to profit from technologies developed within the firm. In this article, we define commercialization process and the importance of this issue. Then we introduce some models and strategies used for technology commercialization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Knowledge Management and Firm's Competitive Strategy:The Role of Strategic Reference Points (SRPs)
Omid MahdiyeThe best way to achieve competence in global market is through planning and upgrading core competencies. Not only will the knowledge economy change the experience of workers, but organizations and countries must also rethink their economic strategies. How well an indivi MoreThe best way to achieve competence in global market is through planning and upgrading core competencies. Not only will the knowledge economy change the experience of workers, but organizations and countries must also rethink their economic strategies. How well an individual, an organization, an industry, a country does in acquiring and applying knowledge will become the key competitive factor. An organization with a good sense of KM has the potential to create significant value, but only if it is linked to its overall strategy and strategic decisions. Knowledge management (KM) is the latest strategy in increasing organizational competitiveness. The concept of treating organizational knowledge as a valuable strategic asset has recently become extremely common. KM efforts have been primarily focused on developing new applications of information technology, complemented to a lesser degree with implementing new organizational forms. The link between knowledge and business strategy has basically been overlooked. Thus KM has unfortunately developed into a matter of information technology primarily, followed by one of organizational behavior with business strategy generally not even considered. The purpose of present paper is to identify the relationship between KM and the firm's competitive advantage. In the first section the pertinent literature related to knowledge management and its impact on the competitive advantage of the firm was examined. Then the Porter's (1979) five forces model and Wernerfelt's (1984) Resource-based view of the firm were reviewed. In the next section the link between KM and strategy formulation by drawing on the resource-based view of the firm is addressed. In the last section the strategic reference points (SRPs) theory has been introduced and applied for classifying the KM strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Virtual Science and Technology Park in Iran; an SWOT Analysis
Parya Dolatyabi Abdollah AghaeiIn this paper, a study has been done about concept, implication, and necessity of a virtual science park (VSTP) for Iran. According to the critical success factors of a VSTP, and the presented model for VSTP in Iran together with its prerequisitesstrengths, weaknesses, MoreIn this paper, a study has been done about concept, implication, and necessity of a virtual science park (VSTP) for Iran. According to the critical success factors of a VSTP, and the presented model for VSTP in Iran together with its prerequisitesstrengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that a VSTP in Iran may face, have been identified in the form of an SWOT analysis. Finally, the key development drivers of VSTPs in Iran have been introduced regarding the proposed analysis, in order to be applied by managers and planners of this field in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Strategic Policy Intelligence
Mohammadreza Mirza aminiIn the present information age, methodologies that help structure, combine and interpret information are getting more and more importance as decision support tools. Techniques like Technology Forecasting, Technology Assessment and Technology Foresight are used in order MoreIn the present information age, methodologies that help structure, combine and interpret information are getting more and more importance as decision support tools. Techniques like Technology Forecasting, Technology Assessment and Technology Foresight are used in order to generate knowledge about current technological developments and derive possible future trajectories. The present report regards these three techniques within the perspective of Strategic Intelligence, which focuses on their role as instruments supporting decision-making processes. The general introduction on the field of Strategic Intelligence in chapter one reveals the general role of Strategic Intelligence in technology-related decision-making processes. Then summarize the main contents of the three individual reports on Technology Forecast,Technology Assessment and Technology Foresight. By focusing on the decision-maker, each report provides an overview of the characteristics and current state of the art, shows their main strengths, and identifies overlaps and synergies. Finally, presents a concluding critique of Strategic Intelligence and reveals how these three techniques could be used for obtaining a complete picture of possible technological developments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Applying Strategic Project Management as a new Approach to Project Management
Elham Soltani teymor marjaniToday, in most project-based organizations, project managers are facing with many challenges. Projects are organizational strategic processes, performed to achieve business goals. Researches indicate a large number of organizations do not achieve the business goals in t MoreToday, in most project-based organizations, project managers are facing with many challenges. Projects are organizational strategic processes, performed to achieve business goals. Researches indicate a large number of organizations do not achieve the business goals in the execution of their projects. Therefore, in order to reduce and control the problems of the projects, the classic project management approach must be changed to strategic project management for optimizing the performance and success of a project. Strategic project management can propel companies to better achieve corporate goals. So, organizations should have a formal planning and execution framework in accordance with the strategic approach, to achieve competitive advantage and better performance. Project managers and teams must learn how to focus the business aspects of their projects and better support their company’s strategy, rather than just focus on meeting traditional time, budget, and performance goals. This paper employs a literature review approach, and presents the description of the strategic project management concept and its difference with classical project management. Then, the strategic project management models that help organizations to achieve success and create a competitive advantage have been reviewed. Finally, the authors have concluded, in order to achieve competitive advantage, project success and better performance of organization, the executive and project managers should consider the strategic aspect of project management and implement strategic project management processes in organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Developing a Conceptual Model of Strategic Agility in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs)
Reza BandarianResearch and technology management requires a more comprehensive holistic approach in order to achieve coordinated strategies. New approaches should force Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) to proactive response to changes in the environment with the rapid tec MoreResearch and technology management requires a more comprehensive holistic approach in order to achieve coordinated strategies. New approaches should force Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) to proactive response to changes in the environment with the rapid technological changes. RTOs by development of proactive features on their interior can achieve to a special ability called "strategic agility". Strategic agility is the ability to reform, renovate and renewal the organization, business model and strategies to cope with environmental changes. In this paper, in order to develop a comprehensive framework to achieve strategic agility in RTOs, first, all of the previous research in the field of strategic agility in the last few years have been reviewed and then adapt and adjust to the nature, characteristics and requirements of RTOs, finally the seven dimensions (key factors) and thirty one index for strategic agility in RTOs extracted and has been defined. The seven key factors are strategic sensitivity, clear vision, selecting strategic technological knowledge goals, identifying key capabilities, seizing and exploitation, continuous technological innovation and being proactive. This model is based on the combination of both internal and external organizational approach, and provides the basis for the assessment of strategic agility in RTOs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Identification and Evaluation of Effective Factors of Technology Transfer Using Fuzzy AHP Method (case study: Esfahan’s Mobarakeh Steel Company)
Mohammad bagheri pebdeni sayyed mohammad reza davoodiIn developed countries, technology transfer may be one of the solutions for the improvement or growth of economic or industrial sectors. However, the success of technology transfer significantly depends on the appropriate choice of technology from the appropriate resour MoreIn developed countries, technology transfer may be one of the solutions for the improvement or growth of economic or industrial sectors. However, the success of technology transfer significantly depends on the appropriate choice of technology from the appropriate resources.The aim of this study is to identify and evaluate the effective factors of technology transfer using fuzzy AHP method. Technology transfer can be helpful for this organization in market share and increasing return through innovation of products and better execution of processes, methods of increasing productivity and effectiveness, and this is beneficial to small and normal company’s with limited resources and sizes. In this paper, after reviewing the literature and using expert’s opinion, 24 effective factors is identified which are in 5 categories which includes is: relatively advantageous in financial conditions, advantage marketing and related forces, technical characteristics, juridical and supervision considerations and issues of directorial and guideline. Furthermore, fuzzy AHP method is used to rank the dimensions and structures of these effective factors. Due to the results, the most important criterion in the field of technology transfer of Esfahan’s mobarakeh steel company (MSC) and international organizations of subclasses of the main indicator is juridical and supervision considerations,of foreign investment and based on this the technical use and financing from international organizations and cooperative organizations that have laws about cooperation for improving the environment have an important role in technology transfer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Contractual and Relational Role of the Government in Achieving Strategic Innovation through Outsourcing Information Technology
hossein shabani Reza EhteshamrasiIn this paper the effectiveness of the contractual and relational role of governmental in achieving strategic innovation through outsourcing of information technology (IT) has been studied. The main purpose of this research is to examine the quality of customer-supplier MoreIn this paper the effectiveness of the contractual and relational role of governmental in achieving strategic innovation through outsourcing of information technology (IT) has been studied. The main purpose of this research is to examine the quality of customer-supplier relationships and the probability of achieving strategic innovation. The research method is descriptive (non-experimental) and correlation research is a type of path analysis. The statistical population of this research is all employees of Qazvin Azad University. According to the size of the statistical population, Morgan table has been used to determine the sample size. 317 employees in Qazvin were selected as research sample. Data gathering was done through library and field surveys by standard questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire has been used through content validity method. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated for a scale of more than 0.7. The reliability of this desirable scale was evaluated by content reliabality. The results show that both hypotheses have been accepted, indicating that there is a significant relationship between the quality of customer-supplier relationship and strategic innovation with regard to the mediating role of the contractor and the relationship between the governments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Identifying and Analyzing the Relationships of Successful Factors of Success with the Fuzzy Dematel Method, Case Study: Tehran Municipality Cultural and Cultural Organization
hadi heidari gharehbolagh meysam ghaffariThe critical success factors for any business are a limited number of areas where satisfactory results in those domains will ensure successful competitive performance for organizations. In fact, the critical success factors for each organization's bottleneck are achievi MoreThe critical success factors for any business are a limited number of areas where satisfactory results in those domains will ensure successful competitive performance for organizations. In fact, the critical success factors for each organization's bottleneck are achieving strategic interests. Key strengths and merits and weaknesses in these areas are known as bottlenecks. In this paper, a method is proposed based on the theme analysis, in which the critical factors of the cultural and artistic organization of the municipality of Tehran as well as the critical factors of the success of the regions are identified and elaborated. Then, during the design of the performance management system of the Tehran Municipality's Cultural and Artistic Organization, and as a result, the need to design key performance indicators and results, critical success factors as sources for extracting these indicators were considered by the researchers of this management system. In the results obtained, the factors influencing the implementation of innovative and effective programs, the delineation of the mission and cultural goals of the organization, the human resources system and reward system, the recognition of the cultural and artistic needs of the people of Tehran, the effectiveness of internal elements, increasing the influence of people in the city of Tehran And satisfaction of the audience as the critical success factors of the cultural-artistic organization of the municipality of Tehran were identified. Finally, for the analysis of the relationships between the critical factors, the fuzzy dematel method was used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Designing an Appropriate Collaboration for the Relationship Between Two Partner Organizations Using the Analysis Hierarchical Process (AHP) Based on the BOCR Model
morteza abasi simin mohebbi ashtiani mohammad hossein karimi fatemeh saberianToday, as global competition in the business world grows, companies need to have a close relationship with their suppliers in order to survive and achieve reasonable profits. Researchers have recently examined some models for supplier selection, with less attention to t MoreToday, as global competition in the business world grows, companies need to have a close relationship with their suppliers in order to survive and achieve reasonable profits. Researchers have recently examined some models for supplier selection, with less attention to the determination of collaboration pattern with selected partners. Despite much research on the types of collaboration models, their features, requirements and achievements, providing a comprehensive and uppropriate model for selecting the most appropriate type of relationship between the two partner organizations has not been sufficiently considered. Generally, supplier-buyer collaboration patterns include outsourcing, strategic alliance, joint investment and ownership. The purpose of this research is to design a model that determines the appropriate collaboration model according to the product characteristics, business conditions and goals of the organization. The model uses profit, opportunity, cost and risk structure, which is a comprehensive and useful model for strategic decisions. In this research, the choice of collaboration model between two partner organizations is investigated in order to design radar components. By library study and interviewing with the experts of the Iranian Defense Industry Organization, the factors influencing the selection of the appropriate cooperation model for the relationship between the two partner organizations were identified and prioritized. A Hierarchical Analysis Process Model (AHP) is designed to prioritize the relevant criteria and sub-criteria. Pairwise comparisons were made according to the experts' opinion and the results were analyzed using SuperDisign software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - A Framework for Evaluating and Selecting a Strategic Supplier (Case Study: Yazd Alloy Steel Corporation)
Mohammad Ali Sangbor Fatemeh Javidi Karim Golmohammadi Rasoul AbbasiToday, due to increasing competition and dynamism of economy and business activities, adopting a strategic approach to supply chain management and supplier selection is undeniable necessity. Suppliers are one of the most vital parts of supply chain and supplier selectio MoreToday, due to increasing competition and dynamism of economy and business activities, adopting a strategic approach to supply chain management and supplier selection is undeniable necessity. Suppliers are one of the most vital parts of supply chain and supplier selection issues are complex issues that may have many qualitative and quantitative concerns. The presented frameworks in the previous research are unable to response dynamism strategic and provide an appropriate framework, in this study, strategic cooperation approaches and supplier selection criteria have combined. For this purpose, components of cooperation strategies and supplier selection criteria have been counted and based on quality function deployment approach, the relationship between them has been specified. Finally, using fuzzy TODIM method, strategic weight of criteria has been obtained. in this study, because of expert oriented data, the non-sampling method is used for gathering data. The statistical population consist of supply chain experts and managers of Yazd Alloy Steel corporation. For analyzing data, a the oretical sampling was used and a non-statistical sample including ten experts was selected. As a result, a strategic supplier selection framework and strategic weight of every component, were determined. The results of data analysis show that among the 20 criteria, five criteria including "product quality", "strategic planning", "History of suppliers", "risk prediction" and "R & D Management" are in the first to fifth priorities in terms of importance respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Strategic Fit Between Innovation Strategies and the Performance of Knowledge-Based Businesses
Farshad Ghaderi Fariborz RahimniaPaying attention to the position and role of knowledge-based companies in advancing the country's economic and social goals is very important. On the other hand, the issue of dynamism and market turbulence in today's markets makes it even more important to pay attention MorePaying attention to the position and role of knowledge-based companies in advancing the country's economic and social goals is very important. On the other hand, the issue of dynamism and market turbulence in today's markets makes it even more important to pay attention to these businesses. The knowledge-based companies are based on innovation in business. However, the turmoil in markets and competition makes it important to pay attention to the dimensions of innovation strategies in different environmental conditions, and the business of students who do not consider innovation in line with environmental conditions may fail in innovation and will not perform well. The aim of this study is to investigate the strategic relationship between innovation strategies and business performance with the role of moderating market turbulence and environmental dynamics. The statistical population of this study includes 115 knowledge-based companies in East Azerbaijan province. In order to analyze the data, structural equation modeling method was used and the hypotheses were analyzed using AMOS software. The results showed that product innovation and process strategy have a positive relationship with business performance. However, the modification test results showed that process innovation performs better in high environment dynamics and product innovation in high market turbulence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Cognitive Appraisals, Coping Strategies, Optimism and Subjective Well-Being
Ahmad Goodarzi Omid Shokri Masoud SharifiThe purpose of this study was testing the model of structural relationships between primary and secondary cognitive appraisals, optimism, coping strategies and subjective well-being among university students.The purpose of this study was testing the model of structural relationships between primary and secondary cognitive appraisals, optimism, coping strategies and subjective well-being among university students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - A Study of the Fear of Assessment as a Mediator in the Relationship between the Role Breadth and Organizational Structure with the Strategic Effectiveness
Hamid Reza Oreyzi Atefeh EjeiThis study aimed to investigate the role of the fear of evaluation, in the performance of managers in strategic effectiveness process. In addition the relationship between role breadth and organizational structure with the strategic effectiveness with regard to the role MoreThis study aimed to investigate the role of the fear of evaluation, in the performance of managers in strategic effectiveness process. In addition the relationship between role breadth and organizational structure with the strategic effectiveness with regard to the role of mediators(fear of evaluation).The data from the expanded form of the Professional Analysis Questionnaire(PMPQ) McCormick, Fear of Assessment, Organizational Structure Questionnaire ,Chen and Huang, and Researcher-Made Questionnaire the process of strategic effectiveness, were administered on sixty one managers selected randomly. The results showed significant relation between organizational structure and the role breadth and fear of evaluation is mediate between role breadth and organizational structure with the strategic effectiveness. We suggested based on this result, that we need to considered some situation for release the pressure of evaluation, especially for the people who had a job with high role breadth and formal structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Comparison resilience and coping strategies between volunteers and soldiers who participated in the war against ISIS
زانا ضالحAbstract The aim of this research is to compare resilience and stress coping strategies among Volunteers participated in anti-ISIS warfare and soldiers. The research method is descriptive and causal-comparative type. The statistical population of the study is all Kurd MoreAbstract The aim of this research is to compare resilience and stress coping strategies among Volunteers participated in anti-ISIS warfare and soldiers. The research method is descriptive and causal-comparative type. The statistical population of the study is all Kurdish soldiers and volunteers in three provinces of Halabja, Sulaimani and Erbil in the region of Kurdistan/Iraq who participated in ISIS warfare. In this study, 180 men, aged 20-50 years old, are selected as samples, they are divided into two groups of 90 (90 soldiers) and (90 volunteers), then the Conner and Davidson’s resilience questionnaire and Andler & Parker’s are used to show stress coping strategies. The data are collected and analyzed by t-test and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results shows that on resilience scale, the significant level between volunteers and soldiers is bigger than 0.01, which means that there is no difference in terms of resilience between volunteers and soldiers. But there is a significant difference between volunteers and soldiers in coping strategies (p0/01). The problem-oriented style is (P = 0.01 and F = 8.474) and the avoidance-oriented style is (p = 0.01 and F = 6.751). But the F value obtained for emotion-oriented is (0/008) and the significance level is 930/0. Therefore, there is no difference in the emotion-focused. The conclusion of the main findings of this research confirms that organizing special training courses to enhance resilience and helping volunteers and soldiers to reduce war stress is recommended. Considering that the health of soldiers is important for working in the security places and their major role in dealing with enemies and protecting the country. Planning to train the appropriate coping methods and encouraging all soldiers to use the appropriate approach to deal with stress situations is beneficial. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Comparison of Resilience and Stress Coping Strategies between Volunteers and Soldiers who Participated in the War Against ISIS
Zana Nasih Salih Qadir Fariba HassaniThe aim of the current research is to determine the difference between resilience and coping strategies among volunteers and soldiers who participated in the war against ISIS. The research method was descriptive and causal-comparative. The population of interest in this MoreThe aim of the current research is to determine the difference between resilience and coping strategies among volunteers and soldiers who participated in the war against ISIS. The research method was descriptive and causal-comparative. The population of interest in this study was all Kurdish volunteers and soldiers in all three provinces of Halabja, Sulaimaniyah and Erbil of Iraqi Kurdistan who participated in the war against ISIS. The sample of this study was selected through available sampling. Then, data were collected using Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale ( CD-RISC) and Endler and Parker’s Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations and analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results of this study showed that there was no difference in resilience between volunteers and soldiers, but there was a significant difference in coping with stress scale. In terms of problem-oriented style and avoidance-oriented style, the difference was significant. Therefore, it turns out that there is no difference in emotion-focused coping. The main findings of this study confirm that special training courses are recommended to enhance resilience and help volunteers and soldiers to exprince reduce warfare stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Structural Relationship between Sport Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation Strategies with Athlets' Competitive Anxiety
Parvin Aminnezhad Rasool Zeidabadi Laleh Hamboshi Milad KhojastehThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural relationship between sport mindfulness and competitive anxiety, and the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies. The method of this research was descriptive and correlational. Two hundred volunte MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural relationship between sport mindfulness and competitive anxiety, and the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies. The method of this research was descriptive and correlational. Two hundred volunteers from different teams participated in this research. Sports Mindfulness Questionnaire (Thienot et al 2014), Cognitive Emotional Regulation Strategies Questionnaire (Garnefski et al 2002) and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (Cox et al 2003) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method using Smart PLS 2.0 software. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between sports mindfulness and competitive anxiety. Also, the sport mindfulness through adaptive strategies of emotional regulation had a significant relationship with competitive anxiety of athletes. Overall, the findings of this study showed that special attention to the sport mindfulness is important, because the sport mindfulness is not only directly, but also indirectly could reduce the competitive anxiety of athletes by increasing the use of adaptive strategies of emotional regulation as a mediator variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - "Strategic Frequency" in Shahnameh Psychological Operations (A case study of the story of Rostam and Sohrab based on the frequency chart)
DR abolfazl ghanizadehThe psychological warfare is a non-violent tactic, which provides a platform for infiltration and overcoming the enemy. Today, the knowledge of politics and security has given this policy the strategic rationality of sovereignty. In ancient societies, this strategy was MoreThe psychological warfare is a non-violent tactic, which provides a platform for infiltration and overcoming the enemy. Today, the knowledge of politics and security has given this policy the strategic rationality of sovereignty. In ancient societies, this strategy was taught as a form of educational, sports and recreation. By examining the political and military functions of the past, it is always possible to list many examples of this complex and political plan of mankind, both in the strategic and tactical sectors. In this article, the sample of the tactical part of the psychological operation of the story "Rostam and Sohrab" is examined. After mentioning the case for seventy eight of the nineteen types of tactical psychological operations, it is concluded that good and bad imagination and police Which with the highest coefficient of 12.82% and the wagon category with the coefficient of 1.29% at the lowest level of the flow of the diagram. It is noteworthy that levels and types of psychological operations have always followed the discourse and the rationality of time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - تحلیلی بر برنامه¬های راهبردی دانشگاه¬های دولتی ایران
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Open Access Article
35 - برنامه ریزی راهبردی گردشگری استان سمنان با استفاده از تکنیک META SWOT
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Open Access Article
36 - Strategies for the development of market-oriented skills training in eastern Iran (Case study: South Khorasan Province)
Mohsen Ayati Mohammad HajipourSkills training is an essential element for the development of human capital and achieving the goals of sustainable development of the land. This type of training has a special place in the private and public sectors. On the other hand, the acceptance of the training pr MoreSkills training is an essential element for the development of human capital and achieving the goals of sustainable development of the land. This type of training has a special place in the private and public sectors. On the other hand, the acceptance of the training provided by the responsible organizations is an important issue that leads to the sustainability and continuity of skills training and on the other hand leads to improving the performance of responsible institutions and organizations. In this research, an attempt was made to plan and plan with a new approach, ie combining strategic attitude with market-oriented policy, development of skill, technical and professional training in South Khorasan province. The results of the research confirm that in areas where South Khorasan province has the potential of natural environment (such as mines), the lack or lack of skill training can also be seen. This issue has been exacerbated due to changes in the current economic and social environment of the country and the region. Also, part of the skills, technical and professional training that has been done so far in the province, was not in line with the real needs of society and did not lead to the necessary results. This means that the loss of resources and capital in the field of skills training in the province is one of the epidemics that needs to change fundamentally. Finally, the necessary strategies to overcome the current situation while maintaining maximum efficiency in the social space of the province are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Analysis the Relationship Between the organizational intelligence and the goal_oriented organizational forgetfulness in the Higher Education Center of Ilam city
Mohammad Taban ولی محمد درینی زهره محمدیاری فاطمه فروزشThe present research aims to analysis the relationship between the organizational intelligence and the goal_oriented organizational forgetfulness in the Higher Education Center of Ilam city. statistical population include official employees of Ilam's governmental orga MoreThe present research aims to analysis the relationship between the organizational intelligence and the goal_oriented organizational forgetfulness in the Higher Education Center of Ilam city. statistical population include official employees of Ilam's governmental organizations, and their educational degrees were bachelor's degree and higher. By using Kochran's formula sample size was determined as 380 persons. For data collection, two standardized questionnaires "organizational intelligence questionnaire" and "goal_oriented organizational forgetfulness questionnaire" were distributed among 390 employees. The collected data was analyzed by using software LISREL and SPSS. According to the researrch's findings, it could be concluded that there are the significant correlation between the dimensions of organizational intelligence (strategic conception, common fate, morale, knowledge usage, performance pressure, unity, and willingness to change) with the organizational forgetfulness in Ilam's Higher Education Center. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - A methodology for interpreting the role of Islamic values and tenets in the design of directive elements of strategic plan (case study: design of directive elements of national macro-economy plan)
ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ اﺣﻤﺪيDesign of an effective strategic plan in the level of national to regional, and from ministries to governmental organizations is one the most essential priorities in the realization of national policies and goals. In addition, Islam as the most complete religion, provid MoreDesign of an effective strategic plan in the level of national to regional, and from ministries to governmental organizations is one the most essential priorities in the realization of national policies and goals. In addition, Islam as the most complete religion, provide some values and tenets that could be used in the administration of the society and ruling based on them will lead to perfect felicity of humankind. Thus, in this research, the efforts were concentrated on the manner of influence of Islamic values and tenets and also achievements of human pure sapience on the various governmental plans. For this purpose a methodology was proposed for codification of governmental plans, so that Islamic values and tenets, and approaches based on knowledge and technology, will be used in a structured way in the design of directive elements (vision, mission, goals, qualitative and quantitative objectives) of a strategic plan. Furthermore, the proposed methodology was implemented in the design of directive elements of a strategic plan in the economic and social sector of government, and the results about the economic sector was reported in this paper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Cultural-Educational Teaching Strategy in monotheistic education from Quran perspective
Hamidreza HajibabaeeiCultural-Educational Teaching Strategy in monotheistic education from Quran perspective In monotheistic education, human being has the power to choose, so is talented to learn deep insights, guides and to strengthen attitudes and toflourish innate talents.And the proph MoreCultural-Educational Teaching Strategy in monotheistic education from Quran perspective In monotheistic education, human being has the power to choose, so is talented to learn deep insights, guides and to strengthen attitudes and toflourish innate talents.And the prophet's emphasis on moral strengthening (majlesi 6 p382) represents a person reaching the wisdom and perfection through the talent development, which is the most important aim of creation and mission. According to this basis, education fits the teachers' physical, mental, social characteristics. In this way, as education becomes qualitive and learning becomes deep, theoretical content of courses will become spiritual and educational, which not only trains the teachers mind, but it also changes his or her views to the universe. Therefore, Cultural-Educational Strategy Scheme for Teaching Courses according toIslam and its enriched culture, promotes the teachers educational roles and creates a relation between science and religion, education and worldview. As a result teachers get to know the courses content according to their religion's culture and in monotheistic worldview. For this purpose, by organizing educational messages in the content of courses and making them effective with the help of teachers, and appropriate context and background will be provide to teach and educate according to Iranian-Islamic pure culture. Quran introduces the prophet as the symbol of humans' insight and attitudes (ahzab33،21،) and believes monotheistic training an effective way to recognize right and wrong and believes it to have deep understanding and insight (anfal،298) it also introduces prophets two main aims as purification and teaching (AllOmran163،3) and these two aims are combined for a more important goal (anaam10،162) that all things are for monotheistic worldview through spiritual education. In this kind of culture, any insight is just a science, but any science is not and insight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - حسابداری مدیریت راهبردی سرمایه انسانی سازمان
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Open Access Article
41 - چگونگی احصای قواعد فقهی برای دستیابی به بخشی از باید و نبایدهای مدیریتی در سطح سازمان (حوزه مطالعه موردی: وظایف برنامه ریزی راهبردی)
Alireza Aliahmadi -
Open Access Article
42 - Information technology -based model of operations integrated strategies and its function on organizational performance
Seyed Mahmood Zanjirchi hamidreza shokrizade negar jalilianIn recent years, the focus of many organizations is rapt to achieve superior performance as a competitive advantage, and managers are striving to encourage the organization in order to improve their performance. Due to this important issue, in this study the initially r MoreIn recent years, the focus of many organizations is rapt to achieve superior performance as a competitive advantage, and managers are striving to encourage the organization in order to improve their performance. Due to this important issue, in this study the initially regarding the role of information in the effectiveness of supply chain strategies performance and also considering the role of supply chain strategies in improving supply chain performance and consequently the performance of the organization, the conceptual model was designed. The data needed to test the conceptual model by using standard questionnaires were collected which the content validity by experts and its reliability by calculating the Cronbach's alpha was approved. The questionnaire were distributed Between 135 members of the ceramic & tile industry executives in Yazd and the collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with LISREL software version 8.2.The results of the analysis of the data showed that the significant level between all the variables was greater than (1/96) which indicates that the relationship between them in the level of confidence (95%) is significant. Besides, the path coefficient shows the intensity impact of the independent variable on the dependent one so that, all hypotheses were confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Developing the Quinquennial Strategic Plan for the IRIB University
اردشیر زابلی زادهThe IRIB University - as a leading institution in educating media science and technology across Iran, region and the world of Islam, and privileged position in supplying IRIB human resources - needs a comprehensive study to determine its ideals, objectives, strategies, MoreThe IRIB University - as a leading institution in educating media science and technology across Iran, region and the world of Islam, and privileged position in supplying IRIB human resources - needs a comprehensive study to determine its ideals, objectives, strategies, and requirements. So, to make the universities effective, we should run strategic plan so that while carrying out the coordinated activities, to achieve lofty goals. The study is done to present a quinquennial strategic plan for the IRIB University. To gather the information, quantitative and qualitative methods such as: interview, surveying records and documents, analyzing the accomplished studies and organizing strategic meetings were applied. The gathered information was analyzed through swat technique. The sample society was chosen among officials and people being familiar with IRIB and University issues. In this case, 50 people were taken to fill up the questionnaire, among them, 40 questionnaires were completed and had been analyzed. The polling section relating to the swat analysis, a self-made questionnaire consisting of open and closed questions were used. Based on the results, the University’s strategic plans and objectives were designated in the following six domains: - Human resource (including faculty members, student, staffs and administrators). - Education. - Research and technology. - Structure and management. - Religious, cultural and social system. - And scientific, educational and international cooperation in the World of Islam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The Effect of Brand distinctiveness and performance on Brand Competitiveness with the Mediating Role of Technological Opportunism
Davood Feiz Ali Reza Motameni Asadolah Kordnaeij Azim Zarei Mahdi Dehghani SoltaniToday, brand competitiveness is among those issues which has received much attention among researchers and scholars in economy and has been touched upon as a means to achieve desired economic growth and sustained development. In today’s world, the development of food in MoreToday, brand competitiveness is among those issues which has received much attention among researchers and scholars in economy and has been touched upon as a means to achieve desired economic growth and sustained development. In today’s world, the development of food industry market from one hand and increase in competitiveness among firms and customers’ expectations, on the other hand, have persuaded food companies to generate a strong brand in today’s competitive markets. The present research is aimed at studying and examining the effect of brand distinctiveness and performance on brand competitiveness through the mediating role of technological opportunism among super exporter firms of food industry products. Data gathering instrument was a standard questionnaire whose face validity for validity purpose and Cronbach alpha coefficient for its reliability were examined. This study is practical in aim and descriptive-survey in data gathering procedure. To test the research hypotheses and to confirm the conceptual model, structural equation modeling was used. The results show that brand distinctiveness and performance have a significant positive effect on brand competitiveness while technological opportunism has a mediating role in the above relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Designing a Management Model for Acceptance New Media Technologies (Media Convergence emphasis
Babak Rahnavard Kamran MohamadKhani Aliakbar Farhanghi Amir Hossein Mohammad DavoudiThis study aim, design a model for acceptance and transfer new media technologies (media convergence emphasis), research methodology is applied research(descriptive) and data collection methods implemented with mix method (qualitative and quantitative),at first stage, r MoreThis study aim, design a model for acceptance and transfer new media technologies (media convergence emphasis), research methodology is applied research(descriptive) and data collection methods implemented with mix method (qualitative and quantitative),at first stage, researcher reviewed a literature in media technology transfer to identification effective components and indicators, at qualitative part of the research, Selected 10 media industry experts to interviewed for identify effective indicators, in quantitative research part, researcher made questionnaire was distributed in the statistical sample of 300 responder from the population of the study and 285 questionnaires were returned. After analyzing , questionnaire responses with Spss software, Cronbach's alpha coefficient (reliability) was obtained α=0.881 and finally using structural equation modeling (SEM), to design a model, evaluation of the model show an absolute fit index (root mean square error 0.094 and chi-square 0.00), Incremental Fitness index of 0.886 and Frugal Fitness index 3.48 ,which indicates the acceptability of the model is introduced and to determine the degree of appropriateness, the second questionnaire was designed and distributed to responds by 30 experts of media and communications, analyze with one sample t test of utility models at 95 percent approval, then using the Friedman test measures the highest and lowest on the model, they were ranked Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Strategic orientation of the business and its impact on brand performance
Ali Pourang PourangUndoubtedly, the success of a business is the business of brand performance. Company performance is influenced by the competitive advantage and competitive advantage, resulting in output of a firm's strategy is to lead a company relative to competitors in the market sho MoreUndoubtedly, the success of a business is the business of brand performance. Company performance is influenced by the competitive advantage and competitive advantage, resulting in output of a firm's strategy is to lead a company relative to competitors in the market shows. Business strategies include integrated measures in search of competitive advantage. This strategy, to a management plan for an area or business' activities of the organization to access corporate resources on its successful business performance drives. This study examines the strategic orientation of the business and its impact on brand performance of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 1388 to 1393 was conducted. The study population was all firms active in the Tehran Stock Exchange that the filters were finally selected as statistical sample of 110 companies. In this study the strategic direction of the business to prospective companies and corporations defensive been divided into two categories and the combined scoring system was used to determine the strategy of each company. In addition to measuring brand performance of the two financial indicators Return on assets, return on equity is used. The results indicate that the strategic orientation of companies in the business a significant effect on brand performance through both indicators are used; In other words direct and significant relationship between the company's strategic orientation in the business and financial performance indicators of its brand through brand performance there. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Business Strategy Analysis of Electronic Payment Industry, Compatible with strategy palette
امین صحرائی علیرضا معینیIn today's business environment, with increasing environmental changes and fluctuations resulting from more competitive. The impact of environmental indicators such as political, economic, social, cultural, and legal etc. has a major effect on the success or failure of MoreIn today's business environment, with increasing environmental changes and fluctuations resulting from more competitive. The impact of environmental indicators such as political, economic, social, cultural, and legal etc. has a major effect on the success or failure of organizations, while affecting managers and making mistakes in decisions markets and accelerating the environment's instability, managers and their organizations are facing a variety of challenges. The strategy palette provided by Martin Reeves at the Boston Consulting Group Strategy Institute is based on the theory that there is no general strategy approach for all situations. The choice of the right approach has never been so difficult for many different tools against this turmoil. the strategy palette, by expressing some dimensions, tries to distinguish between tools that fit for different environments The purpose of this research is to answer these questions," what is the proper strategy for Electronic Payment Industry especially in the field of POS facilities that is consistent with the category provided by the strategy palette And what is the proper approach to success in this area of electronic payment industry? Accordingly, the indicators presented for all pallet environments measure to investigate the purpose of the study, information collect from two parts. In the qualitative part of the research, the semi-structured interview methodology were used by industry experts and in the small part of the time series of transaction data and statistical analyzes use The results obtained from the analysis describe the environment as "adaptive”, and consider the main approach in reducing scheduling time to implementation And the focus is on analyzing competitor behavior and innovation as the main technique. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - ارائه الگوی راهبردی توسعه امنیت ساختمانها در برابر زلزله
Soheila Bourghani Farahani -
Open Access Article
49 - Organizational Strategic Fitness of Sepah Bank: A Study in Branches of Shiraz city
Jafar Torkzadeh Kobra Pour Karim somayeh mezginezhadThe purpose of this study was to Organizational Strategic Fitness of Sepah Bank: A Study in Branches of Shiraz city. In this descriptive-survey study, the statistical population of Shiraz Sepah Bank employees (including 692) was employed in 50 branches in Shiraz city. T MoreThe purpose of this study was to Organizational Strategic Fitness of Sepah Bank: A Study in Branches of Shiraz city. In this descriptive-survey study, the statistical population of Shiraz Sepah Bank employees (including 692) was employed in 50 branches in Shiraz city. The first part was demographic information and the second part was a strategic fit questionnaire. The Strategic Approach Inventory includes 42 items in 3 dimensions of Strategic Response, Strategic Change and Strategic Success, whose validity and reliability were reviewed and approved. Data were analyzed using SPSS18 software, t-test, single-variable t-test, intra-group analysis of variance, benfronnial follow-up and combined variance analysis. The results showed that all dimensions of strategic fit of organization in Sepah bank branches of Shiraz were above average and lower than desirable levels (p=0.001). In terms of staff, the highest average was related to the strategic response (3.65) and the lowest mean for strategic success (3.50). The result of post hoc test showed that there is a significant difference between the mean strategic response and strategic success, but there is no difference between the other averages. There are significant differences in gender, educational qualification and work experience in evaluating the organizational dimensions of the organization based on demographic characteristics, but there is no difference between the viewpoint of managers and employees of Sepah Bank from the strategic alignment of the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Key Drivers affecting on international strategic cooperation in the automotive industry: A Systematic Literature Review
Farhad Toudehrousta ali heidary Ali Asghar Pourezzat Amir AlbadviThe automotive industry is known as one of the major industries in each country and has a significant role in its economic growth. Therefore, to compete globally, companies need to rethink their strategies based on understanding the environmental conditions and factors MoreThe automotive industry is known as one of the major industries in each country and has a significant role in its economic growth. Therefore, to compete globally, companies need to rethink their strategies based on understanding the environmental conditions and factors influencing their strategy, on which to base their strategy in the form of alliances, cooperation and partnerships. The purpose of this research is to identify key drivers affecting international strategic cooperation in the automotive industry. The methodology used in the present study is a systematic review of 49 articles on key drivers affecting international strategic cooperation of the automotive industry in international scientific databases such as Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar as well as in-house scientific databases that published since 2006 to 2019, extracted and after screening process, by coding method with MAXQDA software was analyzed. Based on result of the analysis of selected articles, a set of key environmental drivers were identified, categorized and described at industry, national and international levels. The results of this study show that a set of key drivers of automotive technology developments, automotive industry policy making, legal and institutional factors, global trends in automobile industry and international interactions of the country have had the most impact on the direction of international strategic cooperation in the automotive industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Fuzzy Evaluation of Long-Term Impacts of Electrical Appliances Efficiency Improvement on Load Pattern
M. Behrangrad M. Parsa-MoghaddamEvaluation of long-term home electrical appliance efficiency improvement scenarios on load and energy pattern needs comprehensive and precise modeling taking to account a variety of uncertainties. In the modeling process, all effective parameters should be considered. E MoreEvaluation of long-term home electrical appliance efficiency improvement scenarios on load and energy pattern needs comprehensive and precise modeling taking to account a variety of uncertainties. In the modeling process, all effective parameters should be considered. Estimation is the main source of information in this process which is a long-term large scale impact assessment procedure. Furthermore, the non homogeneous structure of load behavior in response to DSM policies makes the problem more sophisticated. The presented method implies fuzzy numbers to model the main uncertainties of the demand side reactions to the proposed DSM program. Here, the social classes of customers and their behaviors regarding energy utilization as well as time dependency of the problem parameters are taken into account. The paper focuses on the efficiency improvement of the electric appliances in Iran as a long-term DSM program, due to their considerable share in electricity consumption in residential sector. Finally, the numerical results are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Estimation of Causality Coefficients in Strategy Maps Using Gravitational Search-Based Learning of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
A. Jahanbeigi A. Jahanbeigi M. RohaniMore than two decades ago, the balanced scorecard method was proposed to control and monitor the strategy of organizations. The most important outcome of this method is the strategy map. The causal relations among strategic goals (SGs) are established in this map which MoreMore than two decades ago, the balanced scorecard method was proposed to control and monitor the strategy of organizations. The most important outcome of this method is the strategy map. The causal relations among strategic goals (SGs) are established in this map which can help managers in decision making process. To have a precise strategy map, it is necessary to estimate the strengths of each causal relation correctly. So, the estimation of causal coefficients has attracted research interest in forming strategy maps. In this way, DEMATEL and Delphi are two well-known methods that are based on the experts’ opinion. However, these opinions are not exact in the complex business fields; so, the computational intelligence (CI) algorithms have been employed for more precise estimation of causality coefficients. In this study, the relations among SGs and their coefficients have been provided by the experts of a banking institution as the input of the proposed method. The main purpose of this study is to improve the precision of causal coefficients using a CI-based algorithm. For this purpose, the strategy map is decomposed into multiple fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) and then, the gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is employed for FCM training. In this way, two objective functions are used for determining the optimal value of causality coefficients. The first objective function is employed for reducing error in the prediction of SG realization percentages. The second objective function keeps causal coefficients in the intervals determined by the experts. Experimental results show that the total error of proposed model is lower than the expert-based model. In addition, GSA performs better than the following algorithms in finding the global optimum point in this real-world case study: particle swarm optimization and ant colony optimization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Multi-Criteria Operation Optimization of Combined Cool, Heat and Power (CCHP) Generation Systems in a Microgrid
M. Setayeshnazar F. AmiriEnergy efficiency is one of the most important issues in the power system studies and many methods are used to improve power systems efficiency. Combined cool, heat and power (CCHP) systems are one of the most important technologies that can improve power system efficie MoreEnergy efficiency is one of the most important issues in the power system studies and many methods are used to improve power systems efficiency. Combined cool, heat and power (CCHP) systems are one of the most important technologies that can improve power system efficiency and these systems use their excess heat for supplying heat and cool loads. This paper presents a framework for optimal operation of CCHP systems in a microgrid. At first the unit cost functions are used to optimize operation of CCHP units. Then the algorithm determines the optimal operating strategy of microgrid units. A multi-criteria operation optimization method is proposed that uses primary energy consumption, pollution emissions and operating costs as criteria. The case study is performed for a nine bus microgrid and the results are compared with reference articles results and the advantage of the proposed method is investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - recognition and rankings of the competencies of the strategic managers of khorasan behzisti (shannon entropy analysis)
kazem Nasirpour Moslem Cherabin Ahmad Akbari Davoud KavehBecause there is no standard list of competencies, various organizations, companies and institutions, ministries and government agencies around the world all define a framework for their expected competencies, depending on their circumstances and needs. The aim of this MoreBecause there is no standard list of competencies, various organizations, companies and institutions, ministries and government agencies around the world all define a framework for their expected competencies, depending on their circumstances and needs. The aim of this study was to identify and rank the competencies of strategic managers of Khorasan Razavi Welfare Organization. The research method is mixed exploration (qualitative-quantitative) which in the qualitative part is content analysis and in the quantitative part is a survey. Statistical sample In the qualitative section, 15 faculty members in the field of management were selected by theoretical sampling method and in the quantitative section, 12 professors working in Khorasan Razavi universities were selected by random sampling method. The method of analyzing the interview data has been selected in the qualitative part, the network of topics and in the quantitative part of Shannon entropy analysis. Findings of the research in the qualitative section include 25 organizational themes in the form of 4 comprehensive themes (individual, strategic, organizational and leadership) and the results of the quantitative section showed that strategic competence was identified as the most important and individual competence as the least important indicator. According to the research findings, it can be said that the identified components can be considered to assess the competence of strategic welfare managers Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Design and Validation of Strategic Training Model to develop Human Resources in the Automotive Industry (Case study: Saipa Automotive Group)
Mohamad ali Borjikhani avanaki Esmat Masoudy Nadoshan Zahara Taleb Naiereh ShahmohammadyThe present study was conducted to design a strategic training model and explain its role in human resource development. This research is applied research that has used the mixed exploratory method as the research method. The community of participants in the quality sec MoreThe present study was conducted to design a strategic training model and explain its role in human resource development. This research is applied research that has used the mixed exploratory method as the research method. The community of participants in the quality section of 27 people and a small number of 400 experts in the field of training and development of human resources and strategy of Saipa Automotive Group has been used as a participant. Purposeful sampling method was used in qualitative and stratified random section in the quantitative section. Data collection tools in the qualitative part included semi-structured interviews and in the quantitative part included a researcher-made questionnaire. Excel data were used for data analysis in the qualitative part and AMOS and 19SPSS software were used for the quantitative part. Data analysis method In the qualitative part, including the basic data method(Grounded Theory) (open, axial and selective coding) in the quantitative part, the method of path analysis, Pearson correlation and factor analysis have been used. The results of this research in the qualitative part led to the formation of a strategic training model to develop human resources in Saipa Automotive Group and in a quantitative part, the impact of the strategic training model in explaining human resource development was investigated. The results show that strategic training has a direct and significant effect on factors such as personal development and empowerment, knowledge sharing and improving individual performance and employee well-being. These results confirm the compliance of this study with previous research. The findings of this study can provide practical and operational tools for the development of human resources in the Saipa Automotive Group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Metaheuristic Optimization of Competencies of Strategic Managers in State Organizations
Gholamreza Abbaspasha davood kia kojoree Mohammad javad Taghipourian GilaniThe aim of the present research was to optimize the competencies of strategic managers in state organizations. This applied research was conducted quantitatively to collect the data. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to determine the level of consensus among res MoreThe aim of the present research was to optimize the competencies of strategic managers in state organizations. This applied research was conducted quantitatively to collect the data. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to determine the level of consensus among respondents on the priority of the proposed indicators for the competency of strategic managers. The relationship between the components of the metaheuristic model was determined by 122 senior and middle managers who were selected by random stratified sampling from the studied organizations: Tehran Governor's Office, Administrative and Recruitment Affairs Organization, Supreme Audit Court, Welfare Organization, Iran Health Insurance Organization (IHIO). Data were analyzed using the metaheuristic approach method based on genetic algorithm and decision tree, using the WEKA and RAPIDMINER software programs. Based on the results of the Shannon’s method, ethics earned the highest priority. Furthermore, 11 out of the 16 extracted factors affecting competency were selected as the optimal characteristics of strategic managers in state organizations using metaheuristic algorithms. These were knowledge competencies, skill competencies, basic competencies, psychological competencies, ethics, general competencies, interactions and communications, resource management, strategic thinking, transformism, and leadership. The findings also show that the most effective factors must be examined to identify and evaluate the competencies of strategic managers in state organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - perception of Parenting Styles and Thriving in Emerging Adulthood: The Mediating Role of Life- management strategies
reyhane eskandari Elahe Hejazi zahra naghshThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perception of parenting styles and components of thriving with mediating role of life management strategies among emerging adulthood. A total of 487 Universities students 18-29 yerars old emerging adults MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perception of parenting styles and components of thriving with mediating role of life management strategies among emerging adulthood. A total of 487 Universities students 18-29 yerars old emerging adults responding a survey included the Inventory of the The questionnaire of perceived parenting practices (Grolnick et al., 1997) , Life-management strategies questionnaire (Geldhof et al., 2015) and Positive Youth Development Inventory (Arnold et al., 2012) volunteerly. Data were analaysed with structural equation model method and the results show the Perception of Parenting styles and Life-management strategies have positive significance effect on thriving. Furthermore the indirect effect of Perception of Parenting styles via mediating role of life management strategies on thriving is significant. As results indicated the model of Perception of mother predict 40% variation of thriving and the model of Perception of father 45% variation of thriving. In general our findings suggest that Perception of Parenting styles alongside individual variable can affect on thriving in emerging adulthood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Entrepreneurial marketing: A New Theory of Effective University-Industry Cooperation
Seyed Maseood Ghoreishi mahdi majidpour Babak Negahdari Morteza MousakhaniMarketing for the university is a complex and multidimensional issue because, universities have to communicate with a significant variety of audiences. In this article, the necessary mechanisms for marketing the capabilities of the university in all fields of education, MoreMarketing for the university is a complex and multidimensional issue because, universities have to communicate with a significant variety of audiences. In this article, the necessary mechanisms for marketing the capabilities of the university in all fields of education, research and entrepreneurship are presented and prioritized. Accordingly, using an integrated approach (quantitative-qualitative) and using a 30-item questionnaire, 57 academic and industrial experts were interviewed. Based on the studies, ten strategies, which include: forming a network of industry and university experts to improve relations and partnerships, cooperation agreements in the implementation of projects to establish research and knowledge-based centers with the private sector and industry, holding meetings and maintaining Continuous communication with representatives of industry and the private sector, university cooperation agreements with the private sector to finance and invest in the establishment of research centers and scientific hubs, the establishment of a marketing unit in the university to promote marketing and thus increase university revenue, cooperation in Formation of multilateral contracts for financing and implementation of projects for the establishment of research and knowledge-based centers, optimal use of campus university space to be presented to active companies in the private sector, modification of the university website with new management and marketing approaches, creation Cooperation agreements with companies active in the field of digital marketing and marketing and the creation of crowdfunding and public financing methods were proposed to improve the relationship between academia and industry Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Effectiveness of Social Problem Solving Strategies Training on Self-esteem in Second Grades of Guidance Schools Female Students
Azam A Hosseini Kafi AbadiThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training social problem solving strategies on self-esteem in second-grade guidance schools female students in Yazd. The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group. (Without inte MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training social problem solving strategies on self-esteem in second-grade guidance schools female students in Yazd. The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group. (Without intervention) and pcychological placebo group (except for intervention of social problem solving strategies). The population in this study comprised of second-grade guidance school female students in Yazd who were enrolled in school year 2012-2013. The sample of this study consisted of 67 students who were selected using multistage random cluster sampling and were assigned in three groups (experimental: N=20, control: N=20, and psychological placebo: N=27). As for self- esteem a pre-test was performed in all the experimental, control and placebo groups. Social problem solving strategies training was performed on experimental group in 10 sessions 60 minutes each. Following the experimental intervention, self-esteem of the three groups were measured again. Cooper Smith Self-esteem Inventory was used for measuring self-esteem. Analysis of covariance and Bonferroni Post hoc test were used to check the results. The results showed that in the experimental group social problem solving strategies training increased adjusted mean scores of self-esteem scores (P<0.001) and mean scores on the subscales of self-esteem, including total self-esteem and educational self-esteem, were increased. But this intervention could not increase adjusted mean scores of family self-esteem and social self-esteem. According to the research findings, social problem solving strategies training increased self-esteem. So this method can be used as one of the possible ways to increase self-esteem in the critical period of puberty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Causal Relation of Metacognition and Feeling of Fatigue Mediated by Coping Strategies and Perfectionism
Somayeh Saeedi DehaghaniIn the present study, the relationship between metacognition and feeling of fatigue, mediated by coping styles and perfectionism was investigated. The present research was a descriptive (non-experimental) study of correlational type. To do so, 400 undergraduate students MoreIn the present study, the relationship between metacognition and feeling of fatigue, mediated by coping styles and perfectionism was investigated. The present research was a descriptive (non-experimental) study of correlational type. To do so, 400 undergraduate students of Tabriz University were selected by random multi-stage cluster sampling method. They responded to Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS), short form of Wells Metacognition Questionnaire (MCQ-30), Hill’s Perfectionism Inventory (PI), and Folkman and Lazarus’ Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WOCQ). Data were analyzed via path analysis by Amos software. Research findings revealed that the causal in-direct metacognition path, mediated by per- fectionism has a significant effect on fatigue feeling (p>0.01). Also, perfectionism mediated by emotional oriented coping style has an indirect effect on fatigue feeling (p>0.01). On the basis of the results, focusing on the mediating role of Perfectionism may consist an important part of treatment for people with chronic fatigue syndrome Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Developing a strategic model for attracting and creating value for higher education management graduates in the governance system of higher education in Iran
mohsen khosravi Mohammad hasani Reza eidyThe purpose of this research is to present a strategic model based on which it is possible to explain the attraction and value creation of higher education management graduates in the governance system of higher education in Iran. The current research was qualitative in MoreThe purpose of this research is to present a strategic model based on which it is possible to explain the attraction and value creation of higher education management graduates in the governance system of higher education in Iran. The current research was qualitative in terms of research method. Foundation's data theory has been used to build the absorption and valuation model. In this section, 18 experts who are familiar with the topic of attracting and valuing higher education management graduates have been used. Data has been collected by semi-structured interview method. In order to analyze the data, a three-stage process of open, selective and central coding was used with the help of MAXQDA2020 software, and the findings of this process show the paradigm model of attracting and valuing students including 27 main categories and 95 variables including attracting and valuing students as the core. or the main category of the model; 5 causal conditions; 3 background conditions; 3 interfering conditions; 3 strategic conditions and finally 4 consequences were placed. In this regard, considering the key role of higher education graduates in the sustainable development of knowledge and skills, it is required that higher education management graduates have a constructive interaction in the formulation and implementation of macro policies, and through a clear response to their request, their motivation to the increase responsibility for work in educational and executive organizations Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - The effectiveness of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the meaning in life and grief experience in bereaved adolescents
Shima Shameli reza chalmeh kazem khorramdelThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on meaning in life and grief experience in bereaved adolescents. The present method was a quasi-experiment and a post-test, pre-test type. The statistical population MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on meaning in life and grief experience in bereaved adolescents. The present method was a quasi-experiment and a post-test, pre-test type. The statistical population consisted of all secondary school students in Kazeroon, among whom 20 students were selected who were experienced the grief of the immediate family by purposive sampling and randomly appointed in experimental and control groups. All participants completed the Grief Experience Questionnaire (GEQ) and the Meaning in Life (MIL) in the pre-test and post-test stages. Education of cognitive emotion regulation strategies was performed in eight sessions for the experimental group, based on the Grass model (2008). indicated the significant effect of the training of cognitive regulatory strategies on the total scores of GEQ, MIL, and all components of these two variables (P <0.05), except for the search for meaning. According to the current findings, cognitive emotion regulation strategies can be suggested to increase the meaning in life and reduce the experience of grief in adolescents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Presenting a Combined Model of SWOT Matrix and Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Determin.ing and Prioritizing Industry Strategies
mohsen pourqasem atiyeh safardoust Seyed reza SalamiConsidering the importance and necessity of strategic planning to respond to a competitive environment, the purpose of this research is to formulate and prioritize the strategies of a large manufacturing company in the field of household appliances. To answer the resear MoreConsidering the importance and necessity of strategic planning to respond to a competitive environment, the purpose of this research is to formulate and prioritize the strategies of a large manufacturing company in the field of household appliances. To answer the research questions and identify internal and external factors and company strategies, all managers and senior experts related to the field in the company, approximately 70 people, were selected as the research community. To compile the SWOT matrix, some senior managers of the company were selected through purposeful sampling. In the next step, 65 questionnaires were distributed through random sampling, and finally, 57 questionnaires were collected and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis in Smart PLS software. The findings of the research indicate that the company is in an acceptable position in terms of its strengths, but at the same time, the environmental threats are significant. Therefore, the proposed strategy for the company is a competitive strategy, which includes four sub-strategies: designing and developing new products with a focus on strategic and exclusive products, leveraging the experience and technical knowledge of experts to establish companies that produce high-end foreign spare parts with the aim of internalization, defining product quality improvement projects in line with customer needs, and increasing financial investment in the research and development department for product development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Analysis and evaluation of organizational monitoring strategies in the Islamic culture and Islamic Research Institute
Mohammad Mahdi Parhizgar روحاله حسینی Mustafa Hossein AlikhaniControl and supervision is one of the most important tasks of managers of organizations. It is only by using control and supervision that organizations take steps to achieve their grand goals and identify their weaknesses and plan to address them. The purpose of this st MoreControl and supervision is one of the most important tasks of managers of organizations. It is only by using control and supervision that organizations take steps to achieve their grand goals and identify their weaknesses and plan to address them. The purpose of this study is to identify and select the optimal organizational supervision strategy in the Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought. The statistical sample of this research includes 25 managers, experts and thinkers working in the research institute. The required information was collected using two library and field methods, as a result of which nine organizational supervision strategies and eight indicators and criteria for evaluating the organizational supervision strategies of the research institute were identified. Data analysis was performed using TOPSIS software. Based on data analysis, organizational goals, the main strategies of the organization, employee acceptance, management policy, proximity (detection of deviations, savings (cost-effectiveness), ease of implementation, and flexibility, respectively, as the most important ranking indicators Organizational monitoring strategies of the Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought are also classified, as well as holistic monitoring strategies (control in sensitive and key points) and futuristic monitoring are introduced as the most optimal strategy among monitoring strategies and partial (decentralized) monitoring. Is the last priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - مدیریت استراتژیک زیارت در مشهد با تأکید بر حوزۀ اجتماعی- فرهنگی
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Open Access Article
66 - Evaluation of structural-strategic plans with smart city approach
Jamshid Arous amir aminzadehStructural-strategic plans have emerged following the transformation of rational and holistic thinking in the world, and have also changed the process of preparation, approval and implementation of urban plans in our country. The communication system is not that city; R MoreStructural-strategic plans have emerged following the transformation of rational and holistic thinking in the world, and have also changed the process of preparation, approval and implementation of urban plans in our country. The communication system is not that city; Rather, it is how to plan and use this tool to improve the quality of life of the citizens of a city. The goal of the smart city is to increase the quality of urban life with a sustainable development approach. The idea of creating smart cities, which is a new topic in urban planning, has been proposed in the last two decades and its components have not been fully defined and identified. The purpose and innovation of the present study is the theoretical design of the smart city and the identification of its infrastructure components. In this research, the work approach is fundamental and using the descriptive-analytical method, identifying the components of the structural-strategic plans of the smart city in urban management is defined as the goal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Modifying social impact assessment to enhance the effectiveness of company social investment strategies in contributing to local community development
Frank Vanclay Ilya Gulakov Jos Arts sh nGood practice social impact assessment (SIA) should lead to improved local community development outcomes. However, the social benefits alleged to flow from projects are often not as evident to affected communities as the project’s adverse impacts. Projects still give i MoreGood practice social impact assessment (SIA) should lead to improved local community development outcomes. However, the social benefits alleged to flow from projects are often not as evident to affected communities as the project’s adverse impacts. Projects still give inadequate attention to social issues and fail to achieve social development outcomes. Using a prominent gas project in Russia, the Nord Stream 2 project, as an illustrative example, we explore the potential of environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) to enhance the effectiveness of project contributions to local community development. We analyse the main steps of the community development process for the Nord Stream 2 project, and consider how it benefitted from the SIA process. We also reflect on the potential further contribution of SIA to community development. Even though SIA and community development are interrelated, we conclude that SIA, as currently practiced, is constrained in its ability to contribute to community development outcomes. Adjustments to the SIA and corporate social investment frameworks are needed to make them more effective in achieving social development outcomes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - A step towards designing a strategic model of social governance in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Alireza AliahmadiThe main purpose of this study is to design a strategic model of social governance system based on the discourse of Velayat-e Faqih, the Constitution and the successful experiences of the Islamic Republic of Iran and successful human experiences. For this purpose, six MoreThe main purpose of this study is to design a strategic model of social governance system based on the discourse of Velayat-e Faqih, the Constitution and the successful experiences of the Islamic Republic of Iran and successful human experiences. For this purpose, six sub-objectives for the research were agreed and to answer these objectives, one main question and ten sub-questions were prepared. In this article, a summary of the research achievements in answering each of the research questions is reported. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - The position of Shanghai cooperation organization in Chinese regional and transregional balancing strategies (2010-2020)
Mostafa Pakdel Majd Asghar PirhadiAs an emerging power in the post-Soviet era, the People's Republic of China has experienced an unprecedented upward trend in international balance of power over the past decade, pursuing a strategic approach in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to expand MoreAs an emerging power in the post-Soviet era, the People's Republic of China has experienced an unprecedented upward trend in international balance of power over the past decade, pursuing a strategic approach in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to expand bilateral and multilateral relations with others. In this line, Regional and trans-regional organizations provided PRC with the Suitable foundation for achieving its security, military and economic goals and paved the way for the subsequent rearrangement of the international hierarchy of power. Given the circumstances, based on the theoretical assumptions of the balance of power theory, with a descriptive-analytical approach, the authors of the present essay have sought to answer this strategic question that "what are the main security goals that Beijing pursues in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization?" The hypothesis of this essay is that through the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, increasing cooperation with the Russian Federation and implementation of soft aspects of balancing strategy, China is both seeking to limit the presence of the United States in Central Asia, along with dominating this strategic region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - جایگاه سازمان همکاری شانگهای در راهبردهای موازنهجویانۀ منطقهای و فرامنطقهای چین (2020-2010)
Mostafa Pakdel Majd Asghar PirhadiAs an emerging power in the post-Soviet era, the People's Republic of China has experienced an unprecedented upward trend in politics and international relations over the past decade, taking a strategic approach in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to ex MoreAs an emerging power in the post-Soviet era, the People's Republic of China has experienced an unprecedented upward trend in politics and international relations over the past decade, taking a strategic approach in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to expand bilateral and multilateral relations with others. In this line, Regional and trans-regional organizations and countries provided PRC with the Suitable foundation for achieving its security, military and economic goals and paved the way for the subsequent rearrangement of the international hierarchy of power. Given the circumstances, based on the theoretical assumptions of the theory of balance of power, with a descriptive-analytical approach, the authors of the present essay have sought to answer this strategic question that "what are the main security goals that Beijing pursues in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization?" The hypothesis of this essay is that through the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, increasing cooperation with the Russian Federation and implementation of Soft aspects of balancing strategy, China is both seeking to limit the active presence of the United States in Central Asia and also dominate this strategic region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - راهبردهای توسعه آموزش¬ مهارتی بازارمحور در استان خراسان جنوبی
mohsen ayati Mohammad Hajipour -
Open Access Article
72 - The effect of strategic choices and management control systems on organizational performance in Iran
Hossine Rahmanseresht seyyede somsye ghorbiThis research was conducted to study the effect of strategic choices and management control systems on organizational performance in small and medium-sized companies in Iran. In this article, contingency theory is used as the theoretical framework of the research. This MoreThis research was conducted to study the effect of strategic choices and management control systems on organizational performance in small and medium-sized companies in Iran. In this article, contingency theory is used as the theoretical framework of the research. This is a quantitative study in terms of research type. The survey method has been used as a research strategy and data collection method. The main tool of data collection in the research is a standard questionnaire, which is adapted based on the questionnaire used in the research of Junkira et al. (2018). Smart pls software was used for data analysis. The results of the research show that more competitive forces cause the formation of the strategy chosen by organizations, however, contrary to what the theoretical foundations predict, those companies that operate in more competitive environments choose a cost leadership strategy instead of choosing a differentiation strategy. . The design and use of management control systems is influenced by the strategy chosen by the company. In addition, the use of contemporary management methods is associated with differentiation strategy. The choice of strategy and management control systems in the organization has a significant positive effect on organizational performance. In addition, those companies that combine the differentiation strategy with contemporary management practices perform better than the other companies studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - A comparative study of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and psychological well-being and the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in two groups of teenagers with and without a history of parental divorce
sara Naderi masoud gholamali lavasani Sogand GhasemzadehThe aim of the present study is to compare the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and psychological well-being and the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in two groups of teenagers with and without a history of divorce. The descripti MoreThe aim of the present study is to compare the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and psychological well-being and the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in two groups of teenagers with and without a history of divorce. The descriptive research method is of the correlation type and based on the applied goal. The statistical population of the research included all teenage girls in the second secondary school in Tehran in the academic year 1400-1401. 300 students were selected to complete the questionnaires using random cluster sampling. The research tools included Rijekboar and Debo Children's Schema Questionnaire (SIC), Garnefsky and Kraij's Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire (CERQ) and Riff's Psychological Well-Being Scale (RSPWB). Structural equation modeling method and SPSS-24 and Amos-24 software were used for data analysis. The findings showed that the relationship between initial maladaptive schemas and psychological well-being is negative and significant. Also, the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and positive strategies for cognitive regulation of emotion is negative and significant, and the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and negative strategies for cognitive regulation of emotion is positive and significant. The relationship between positive emotion regulation strategies and psychological well-being is positive and significant. Inconsistent schemas have an inverse and significant effect on psychological well-being through positive cognitive regulation strategies (β=-0.2, p<0.001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Designing a Digital Transformation Strategy Framework for the Road Freight Transportation Industry Focusing on Internet of Things Technology and Data Analytics
Mehran Ehteshami Mohammad Hasan Cheraghali Bita Tabrizian Maryam Teimourian sefidehkhanThe current research aims to design the framework of the digital transformation strategy of the road freight transportation industry, focusing on Internet of Things technology and data analytics, and uses the research method of design science. This research is fundament MoreThe current research aims to design the framework of the digital transformation strategy of the road freight transportation industry, focusing on Internet of Things technology and data analytics, and uses the research method of design science. This research is fundamental-applied in terms of data type, mixed in exploratory type; According to the time of data collection, it was cross-sectional and according to the method of data collection or the nature and method of the research, it was a survey. Data collection in the qualitative part was done with semi-structured interviews with 20 experts from universities and the road freight transportation industry of Iran who were selected using the purposive sampling method and the principle of saturation. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data in quantitative part and the opinions of 170 employees of this industry who were selected using Cochran's formula and stratified sampling method were obtained. Data analysis was done in the qualitative part with Delphi technique, literature review and coding. In the quantitative part, inferential statistics, one-sample t-test, structural equation modeling, and SPSS and smartPLS software were used. The fifth step of the design science method was done by testing the designed strategy framework in a company in the relevant industry. The results showed that the digital transformation strategy includes two managerial and operational strategies. Also, the consequences, influencing factors, mechanisms, facilitators and obstacles were presented in this framework. Based on the results, among the components of the framework, management strategies need to be further strengthened. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - The role of self-regulation (cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies) in the academic performance of third-year high school students in Babol
Leila Lotfi Nia Firoz JahThe purpose of this research was the role of self-regulation (cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies) in the academic performance of third-year students of experimental sciences in Babol high schools. In this research, self-regulation (cognitive and meta-cognitive stra MoreThe purpose of this research was the role of self-regulation (cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies) in the academic performance of third-year students of experimental sciences in Babol high schools. In this research, self-regulation (cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies) and academic performance are considered as criterion variables. The research sample included 150 female and male students of the third year of experimental sciences studying in Babol high schools in 1399-1400, who were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The results obtained in this research showed that in the whole sample, the role of self-regulation (cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies) and academic performance was 0.25 and 0.25, respectively. Regression was used to determine the contribution of each predictor variable in determining the criterion variable. The results of the analysis showed that self-regulation contributed to explaining the variance of academic performance. Self-esteem did not contribute to explaining the variance of academic performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Investigating the relationship between family communication patterns and academic vitality: The mediating role of self-regulated learning strategy
محسن علیزاده Siruos Alipor Birgani Manijeh ShehniyailaghThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family communication patterns and academic vitality: the mediating role of self-regulated learning strategies. The research method was correlation and structural equations. Participants in this study MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family communication patterns and academic vitality: the mediating role of self-regulated learning strategies. The research method was correlation and structural equations. Participants in this study were 240 ninth grade male students in Behbahan, who were selected by multi-stage (relative) random sampling. The instruments used in this study were a revised version of the Fitzpatrick and Ritchie family communication patterns, the Martin and Marsh Vital Life Questionnaire, and the Pintrich and De Groot self-regulatory, cognitive, and metacognitive learning strategies scale. Confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used to evaluate the validity and reliability of these instruments. The evaluation of the proposed model was performed using the structural equation method. Bootstrap method was used to test indirect relationships. The results showed that the direction of dialogue has a direct positive and significant relationship with academic vitality and self-regulated learning strategies. Also, the orientation of dialogue with academic vitality through self-regulated learning strategies has a significant indirect relationship. But compliance orientation was not directly related to academic vitality and self-regulated learning strategies and this relationship was indirectly insignificant with the mediation of self-regulated learning strategies (cognitive and metacognitive) with academic vitality. Finally, self-regulated learning strategies have a significant relationship with academic vitality. Better fit of the model was achieved by eliminating non-significant paths of compliance orientation to academic vitality and compliance orientation to self-regulated learning strategies (cognitive and metacognitive). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Explanation of the smart city model with an emphasis on urban governance
behnam mahmoudianCities inherently face complex and wide-ranging challenges that can only be solved through a systematic approach. Not only has the balance of cities collapsed, but it has also made it impossible to achieve sustainability with the current methods of urban management and MoreCities inherently face complex and wide-ranging challenges that can only be solved through a systematic approach. Not only has the balance of cities collapsed, but it has also made it impossible to achieve sustainability with the current methods of urban management and development. As a result, urban planners around the world are trying to develop models for the development of 21st century cities with an integrated view of all dimensions of urbanization. Responding to the new demands and expectations of today's world, one of the new concepts to deal with the current challenges of cities in the field of urban planning is the development of a smart city, which has attracted a lot of attention in recent years, the smart city as the axis of transformation. And the development of the millennium has been proposed and means the opening of new concepts in urban planning that combines the capabilities of the real and virtual worlds to solve urban problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - A Psychological Re-Reading of the Novel "Haras" (An Explanation and Analysis of the Enduring Psychological Consequences of War in the Characters of the Novel "Haras")
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} </style> <![endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">The novel Haras, published in 2017 in the field of literature by NasimMarashi, portrays the years of a war-torn family's life and reflects the facets of fear and anxiety individuals face when dealing with problems such as war and the resulting grief.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">After briefly mentioning the psychological consequences of war in human societies, in a descriptive-analytical way, this article firstly describes the strategies to deal with fear and stress caused by war, then the matching examples in the behavioral response of Rasul and Nawal as the two central characters of the story with the amount of damage explained the high adaptability and based on the concept of stress disorder caused by psychological blows of war to analyze strategies; It deals with coping, compromise patterns and defense mechanisms.The result of the research shows: that the novel Haras can be analyzed and explained based on coping strategies and compromise patterns as well as Freud's defense mechanisms, and how these strategies, patterns, and mechanisms are applied has a decisive role in the mental health and subsequently the fate of its hero.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> </span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">Introduction</span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">The novel "Haras" by NasimMarashi was published in 2017 under the name of Jang.It narrates the years of life affected by the war of a Khorramshahri family and reveals their style and behavior in dealing with the negative psychological consequences of the war.The consequences, if analyzed and interpreted in psychology based on coping strategies, adaptive patterns, and explanatory mechanisms, can alleviate psychological tensions in similar situations and lead to mental health and well-being.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Rasool and Naval, as the main characters of the story, are trapped by these consequences and complex and nested layers of psychological tensions.In the period after the war, Naval became pregnant to give birth to a son and fill the void of Sharhan, who was lost in the war.Incorrectly diagnosing the gender of the fetus, infant substitution, Tahani's suffocation, and the eldest daughter's mental illness add fresh and intricate psychological wounds to the scenes of the story, ultimately leading to daily conflicts and, eventually, Navaal's expulsion from the house.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">In the ups and downs of the story and its various scenes, Rasoul and Naval act according to their cognitive and behavioral abilities, and the situations in which they find themselves lead them to unconsciously employ coping strategies, adaptive patterns, and defense mechanisms.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Counteracting strategies for reducing mental stress using problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidance approaches, adaptive patterns in two reactive approaches, practical and defensive, and defensive mechanisms in suppressing, displacement, denial, rationalization, camaraderie, bonding, and fantasy are employed.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">In various scenes of the story, Rasoul uses problem-focused coping strategies and defensive mechanisms of displacement and suppression.In adaptive patterns, he utilizes practical reactive responses to reduce mental stress.Meanwhile, Naval employs incompatible emotion-focused and avoidance coping strategies, defensive mechanisms of suppression, denial, rationalization, isolation, fantasy, and physical type, and in adaptive patterns, she employs defensive reactive responses to reduce tensions.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">In conclusion of the article, it is deduced that alongside post-war life, not only have the psychological damages of families not disappeared, but their depth and intensity have also increased.The positive impacts of effective coping strategies, adaptive patterns, and defensive mechanisms, as well as their negative effects, are understandable and interpretable in human life, and conscious use of them can lead to the mental health and well-being of those affected by mental injuries.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;"> </span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><strong><span style="color: black;">Background of the Research</span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">In recent years, interdisciplinary research, especially in psychology and literature, has gained more attention, and many articles focusing on psychological readings of novels and poetry have been written.In line with the subject of the present article, which is based on a psychoanalytic approach centered around defense mechanisms, several studies have been conducted on other novels.Notable among these are the articles "A Freudian Reading of the Novel SuranSard" by Mahmoud AghakhaniBeizhni and colleagues (2019), "An Examination of Psychological Defense Mechanisms in the Novel The Suspended Bridge" by Zeinab Haji and colleagues (2014), "An Analysis of Psychological Defense Mechanisms in the Works of SiminDaneshvar with a Focus on the Novels Suvashun, Island of Confusion, and The Wandering Camel Driver" by Zahra Doosti and colleagues (2023), "An Examination of Esfandiar's Defense Mechanisms in the Battle of Rostam" by Alami (2015), "Character Analysis of Rostam in the Story of Rostam and Sohrab Based on Defense Mechanisms" by Salehi and colleagues (2019), and the article "Analysis of the Novel Men of the Sun Based on Freud's Theory of Defense Mechanisms" by MollaEbrahimi and Hamze (2022).</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">In non-academic research, one can refer to the article by OmidiSarvar (2016) titled "The Headless Palm Trees, " the article "A Look at the Novel Hars" by Kanaan (2016), and also the article "Unfinished Mourning" by Feyzabadi (2019) In academic research, there are two articles by GhasemiIsfahani and Dadour (2023) titled "The Application of Reception Theory in Analyzing the Concept of War in the Novel Hars" and the article "Psychoanalytic Analysis of the Main Character in the Novel Hars Based on Karen Horney's Theories" by Khadiyapur and colleagues (2022).</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">In all the academic and non-academic research conducted on the novel "Hars, " the focus has been on describing and analyzing the characters from psychological or literary perspectives.However, none of the studies have addressed the reasons behind Nawal's behavior or how her actions impact the family dynamic and perpetuate its vulnerability from a psychological standpoint.Additionally, the behavioral confrontation between Rasool and its influence on the narrative progression has not been explored.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;"> </span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><strong><span style="color: black;">Theoretical Foundations</span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Anxiety and stress, as psychological phenomena, are significant factors in the emergence and persistence of many mental disorders and are an inseparable part of human life.Therefore, the way individuals cope with stress plays a crucial role in reducing the formation and duration of stressful events (Chen & Chang, 2011: 10) and is among the most significant factors influencing mental health (Lazarus & Folkman, 1992: 51). Coping strategies for stress are a dynamic process and manifest differently among individuals in the form of coping strategies, adaptive patterns, and defense mechanisms, with their application relating to the individual's personality structure.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Freud introduced three structures in the anatomy of personality: the id, the ego, and the superego.Anxiety is an inevitable result of the interaction between these three personality structures and occurs when the ego is under significant pressure.Anxiety, which is a crucial part of Freud's theory of personality, forms the basis for the emergence of neurotic and psychotic behaviors, manifesting in three forms: realistic anxiety, neurotic anxiety, and moral anxiety.The ego's dependence on the id leads to neurotic anxiety; its dependence on the superego results in moral anxiety; and its reliance on the external world generates realistic anxiety.Thus, defensive behaviors take on an important role by protecting the ego from the pain of anxiety.In addition to the defense mechanisms outlined by Freud, these coping methods also include coping strategies and adaptive patterns (Schultz & Schultz, 2012: 63).</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;"> </span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><strong><span style="color: black;">Conclusion</span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">In the present study, a psychological perspective was taken to explore the bitter days of this family, addressing the reasons behind Nawal and Rasool's behaviors and the painful bitterness of their lives through the lens of coping and defense styles.This approach aimed to familiarize readers with the lasting psychological impacts of war, emphasizing the importance of individuals' responses to stressful events and the necessity of training to assist affected individuals in learning coping skills.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">In this context, an effort was made to highlight the significant role of coping strategies in portraying Rasool as a person who single-handedly guides his fragmented family toward life, prompting the reader to empathize with and sometimes admire him.Additionally, the paper examined and discussed the negative impact of Nawal's ineffective coping strategies, which contributed to the creation of an endless mourning cycle with the new victims of the concluded war.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Ultimately, what emerges from the psychological analysis of the research is that the novel "Hars" provides a narrative interpretation and explanation for the continuity of the bitter days and years of a war-torn family.It offers a psychological response to the unending war in Nawal's life, her unfamiliar behaviors, her regained tranquility in solitude with the withered palms, and Rasool's return to an unwelcoming home from the village.This article serves as a review of the bitter histories of Nawal, Rasool, and their innocent children, aiming to answer the harsh reality of why sometimes the world ends not with a shout, but with a lament.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;"> </span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Keywords: </span></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Haras, War, Defensive Strategies, Adaptive Patterns, and Defensive Mechanisms.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;"> </span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-bidi-language: FA;">References</span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; 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color: black;">Lazarus RS, Folk man S (1992) Stress, appraisal, and coping, New York: Springer, (pp.349-364).</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">MollaEbrahimi, E., &Hamzeh, R.(2022) An Investigation and Analysis of GhassanKanfani's Novel Rijal fi al-Shams Based on Freud's Theory of Defense Mechanism.</span><em>Research in Contemporary World Literature</em><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">, </span><em>27</em><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">(1), 480-502, doi: 10.22059/jor.2020.309360.2042.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Omid Sarwar, Hamidreza (2016) "Headless Palms", Analytical News Society A.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Salehi Mazandarani Mohammadrezaand others (2019) Analysis of Rostam's character in the story of Rostam and Sohrab based on defense mechanisms.Pahlavi literature biannual.(6): 213-242.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;">Schultz Duanane P & Schultz Sydney Ellen (2005) Theories of Personality.8th ed.</span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.0pt; tab-stops: center 170.05pt right 340.15pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black;"> </span></p> <p> </p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Extracting Innovation Strategies and Requirements for Telecommunication Companies: Case Study of Telecommunications Infrastructure Company
Alireza Esmaeeli Alireza Asgharian Takavash Bahreini Nasrin Dastranj Mahshid Ghaffarzadegan Kolsoum Abbasi-Shahkooh Mandana Farzaneh Homeyra MoghadamiThe purpose of this study is to identify effective innovation strategies for a governmental organization and mission-oriented in the field of communication and information technology. The characteristics of the company under study are: governmental organization, having MoreThe purpose of this study is to identify effective innovation strategies for a governmental organization and mission-oriented in the field of communication and information technology. The characteristics of the company under study are: governmental organization, having a monopoly market, scattered actions in the field of innovation, having managers interested in organizational innovation and has a clear and up-to-date strategy and structure. In this paper, innovation strategies were collected using comparative studies of similar international companies. Then by using the method of thematic analysis on the data obtained from semi-structured interviews, the strengths and weaknesses related to the innovation were identified. By matching these two categories of information, a number of appropriate strategies have been proposed and their implementation considerations have been expressed based on the specific characteristics of this company. Accordingly, suggestions for future research of this company have been presented to identify appropriate methods of implementation of organizational innovation in similar circumstances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Strategies of the supporters of the historical fabrics of Kerman for the conservation of historical Places
Nooshin Nazarieh Eisa EsfanjaryWith the development of the modern approach of conservation, the formulation of charters, treaties and the formation of international institutions, the Conservation and restoration of historical places gradually distanced from their geographical, cultural and people ori MoreWith the development of the modern approach of conservation, the formulation of charters, treaties and the formation of international institutions, the Conservation and restoration of historical places gradually distanced from their geographical, cultural and people origins, and its global dimensions were added. The loss of role and shortening of the hand of native people in the Conservation and restoration of historical places can be counted as one of its consequences, So Discussioning how people think and act in the Conservation and restoration of historical places is one of the basic research questions; This research seeks to achieve popular conservation strategies in the historical city of Kerman. For this purpose, grounded theory method (GT) has been used and collect data through semi- structured interviews. 24 people of Kerman city who are interacting with historical places were studied with purposeful sampling method and theoretical saturation criteria. In the results of the research, it was revealed that a group of local people have a special desire and interest in historical places, and seven main categories were obtained from their actions, which include: Preventive conservation, inspiration and modeling in restoration, pure- integrated duality in restoration, consolidating- decorative duality in restoration, expansion and expansion of the historical building, preservation of the components and preservation of the elements of the historical building, maintenance and dealing with the process of destruction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - The developed framework for the conceptual model of the Strategic Foresight for Creativity-Based Rural Tourism in Iran in Horizon of 2045
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Open Access Article
82 - Sexual Revolution; Damages and Coping Strategies (With the Approach of the Statement of the Second Step of the Revolution)
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Open Access Article
83 - Providing strategies for revitalizing stagnant mining and industrial companies based on types of industries
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