List of Articles Institution

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  1 - Sustainability factors and capacities of university-industry relations In higher education system
  rouhollah bagheri mirmohammad seyyed abbas zadeh Mohammad hasani
  The aim of this study was identification of Sustainability factors and capacities of university-industry relations in higher education system. The research method was descriptive survey. the research community, was including faculty members five universities country and More

  The aim of this study was identification of Sustainability factors and capacities of university-industry relations in higher education system. The research method was descriptive survey. the research community, was including faculty members five universities country and industry representatives. Research sample, was selected in faculty members with random stratified of Morgan table 263 people and sample in industry representatives with randomly 12 people. Analysis procedures was multivariate regression, Manova and t with using the software SPSS. The research tools included two questionnaires sustainability factors Lee and capacities capacities of university-industry relations Ssebuwufu. According to the analysis Confirmatory validity and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha was appropriate. The results showed that sustainability factors, reasons and motivation and benefit in the university sector was positive and significant. But industry representatives, the sustainability benefits announced lower than optimal. Existing capacities has been a positive and significant relationship between university and industry. All components of capacities university-industry relations has been a positive and significant effect on Sustainability. All components of capacity, has predicted  the reasons and motivations and benefit. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Correlation of Social Capital, Institutional Efficiency and National Development
  ataollah sinaei masoud shafiee
  The ongoing development process is the most important mindset of human societies and determines the degree of difference between countries. So the important question that is going on in the current world is how and why some countries have reached a higher level of devel More

  The ongoing development process is the most important mindset of human societies and determines the degree of difference between countries. So the important question that is going on in the current world is how and why some countries have reached a higher level of development indicators, while others are at the bottom of the table? From this angle, the factors and dimensions of development and the formulation of questions and assumptions in this regard are a common method for discovering and opening up the development paths of societies. The general objective of this research is to examine social capital, its relationship with the formation of institutional efficiency and then with the fluctuations of national development. The research studies the impact of these two-way, successive and pre-requisite volatilities on the path to national development. Reviewing the path and fluctuations show that the relationship between these three factors has a synergy. The theoretical framework of this research is a combination of theories of social capital, institutionalism and development; and thinkers such as Putnam, Fukuyama, Huntington, North, Schumpeter, Mirdal, and Todaro, in relation to the variables involved in the formation of the subject of research. The main hypothesis of the research is that there is a positive correlation between the three variables of social capital, institutional efficiency, and national development. This research is a fundamental objective and in terms of library, documentary and exploratory method. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Study of Determinants of Trust the success of knowledge management systems Research in a public institution
  saeide majidi
  From the perspective of this study was to investigate the influence of trust on success can be addressed with appropriate policies to improve the system for improve the management of knowledge. Note that data for this study were collected by questionnaire. This research More

  From the perspective of this study was to investigate the influence of trust on success can be addressed with appropriate policies to improve the system for improve the management of knowledge. Note that data for this study were collected by questionnaire. This research using the user in terms of knowledge management, including senior managers and junior and employees been done And the success of knowledge management systems has been considered as the dependent variable for the analysis and structural equation modeling is used SPSS and PLS. Based on objective and descriptive approach is Prioritizing the various factors affecting trust and confidence and the success of knowledge management systems is discussed. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Institutional Research (IR); Neglected Necessity to Strengthen Cooperation between Universities and Industry
  maryam zare drnemati drnemati  
  Today, the rapid increase in the cost of higher education and its quality and reduced public support for universities and higher educational institutions around the world on the one hand and rapid technological advances and the needs of economic systems for scientific More

  Today, the rapid increase in the cost of higher education and its quality and reduced public support for universities and higher educational institutions around the world on the one hand and rapid technological advances and the needs of economic systems for scientific knowledge ,on the other hand, academic system is converted into knowledge industry.. Increased productivity at universities is dependent upon the amount of research and development done which in terms of theoretical principles is called institutional research. In recent decades, the most important Iran’s economic problem has been low investment in the creation of knowledge and promotion of productivity. It is desirable for Iran’s universities to become knowledge based. So IR is the most suitable approach to achieve this goal. While the unit of Institutional Research of the world's most prestigious universities is created to strengthen university-industry collaboration, , it has been neglected in Iran’s universities. This research attempts to explain the concept of IR and identify the methods which can be implemented through the study of theoretical principles and Delphi technique. Manuscript profile
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  5 - The interaction of academic and industrial institutions based On the National Innovation System
  hojjatollah hajhosseini mehdi mohammadi farhad abbasi
  Establishing and strengthening the relation between academic institutions and industrial enterprises has become the most important challenge for innovation policy in different countries. From the national innovation system perspective, establishing and enhancing the m More

  Establishing and strengthening the relation between academic institutions and industrial enterprises has become the most important challenge for innovation policy in different countries. From the national innovation system perspective, establishing and enhancing the mentioned relations will contribute for creation, transfer, diffusion and utilization of knowledge resources. In different countries, formal and informal mechanisms are used to establish the relationship among the different scientific and industrial sectors which these experiences can be advantaged for our country. In this paper, the experiences of some other countries are analyzed regarding to promote the relations between the scientific institutions comprise the universities and research centers and the industrial sector Manuscript profile
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  6 - A Study of the Institutional Causes of the Underdeveloped Iranian Shoe and Leather Industry in the 19th Century
  ataollah sinaei
  In the past two centuries, Iran has not only expanded its market in industrial confrontations with the West and the East, but has failed to maintain its market. The West and the East, at different times, began the offensive by sending cheap and varied goods to Iranian More

  In the past two centuries, Iran has not only expanded its market in industrial confrontations with the West and the East, but has failed to maintain its market. The West and the East, at different times, began the offensive by sending cheap and varied goods to Iranian markets. The Iranian economic and political system was not able to institutionalize, fund and equip resources, establish efficient commercial and industrial policies, and in particular design efficient and appropriate institutional structures, to support and support innovation to generate competitive capacity in the industrial economy. It has therefore failed to organize adequate defenses and has been steadily retreating and becoming the surplus of industrial economies and supplying cheap petroleum raw materials to emerging economies. This historic trend, which began as the industrial revolution unfolded and the emergence of the global economy, led to a collapse in Iran's hand-made industrial economy, which was unable to produce competitively and machine-made. The level of systematic and efficient functioning of government institutions, property rights, the education system, and businesses are major contributors to development development. The purpose of this research, which is based on a library method based on analytical sources and historical documents and with a descriptive-analytical approach, is to investigate the performance of institutional elements in the leather, handbags, footwear and related industries in the 19th century. Iran to analyze. It has therefore failed to organize adequate defenses and has been relatively steadily retreating, becoming a surplus of industrial economies and a supplier of cheap petroleum raw materials to emerging economies. This historical trend, which began at the same time as the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of the world economy, caused Iran's hand-made industrial economy, which was unable to produce competitively and mechanically, to collapse. The systematic and efficient performance of government institutions, property rights, the education system and enterprises as major factors involved in the development context are important parts in this regard. The purpose of this research, which has been done by library method and relying on analytical sources and historical documents and with a descriptive-analytical approach, is that the performance of institutional elements in the leather, bag, shoe and related industries in the nineteenth century, In Iran, to analyze and study. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Higher Education and Development in China
  yousef hojjat
  This article presents the experiences of more than two years of scientific advisory responsibility in China, relying on universities and their relationship with industry. First, the history and development process of higher education as well as the scientific achievemen More

  This article presents the experiences of more than two years of scientific advisory responsibility in China, relying on universities and their relationship with industry. First, the history and development process of higher education as well as the scientific achievements of universities are presented on the achievements of universities. China's scientific capabilities and publications, and to some extent comparisons with the world, are discussed. Some of the scientific centers that play an important role in building China today and tomorrow, including the Chinese Academy of Sciences, are briefly described, and finally, the joint scientific activities between industry and academia, namely patents and joint papers. Manuscript profile
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  8 - New Economic Geography and Explaining Regional Disparity in Iran
   
  Iran has many potentialities for the formation of regional disparities. There are intense inequality between provinces development in common and especially between central and border regions of country. The development index has relatively improved over the past 15 yea More

  Iran has many potentialities for the formation of regional disparities. There are intense inequality between provinces development in common and especially between central and border regions of country. The development index has relatively improved over the past 15 years, in all provinces, but, provinces with the highest and lowest development index is almost unchanged. The main aim of this research is analyzing current regional disparities and explaining its creation and continuity factors from the viewpoint of new economic geography. Study area of research are all provinces of country as geographical regions, but, Sistan & Baluchistan province as a less favored area has been investigated for demonstrating local factors effective on regional divergence. Research required data are collected through field study and some documents. The coefficient of variation has used for understanding Iran regional disparities. Viewpoints of 50 local experts has been analyzed through liker's method for extraction local factors effective on underdevelopment in Sistan and Baluchistan area. Research findings show that two factors are effective on country regional disparity. First, adherence to the conventional economic geographical view based on neoclassical and neoliberal approaches, and neglecting new economic geography in the planning. Neoclassical approach scientifically, haven't explaining, predicting and prescribing potentialities and its resulting planning cannot lead to regional convergence. Second, lack of production-oriented institutions are important effective factor on regional disparity and its continuity in Iran. Lack of production-oriented institutions formation has rooted in the rentier system. Manuscript profile
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  9 - Economic Theory, Constitutional Law, and Justice
  abolfazl pasbani
  Using an interdisciplinary approach and analytical method, the present article attempts to find the possibility of applying justice to the economic theory in the Constitutional Law. The main finding of the study is that although the Constitutional Law has acceptable pot More

  Using an interdisciplinary approach and analytical method, the present article attempts to find the possibility of applying justice to the economic theory in the Constitutional Law. The main finding of the study is that although the Constitutional Law has acceptable potentials and offers good solutions, its capabilities have been exaggerated and, according to Amartya Sen, it manifests a kind of transcendental institutionalism. However, attention to unofficial institutions can be more fruitful. Manuscript profile
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  10 - Globalization and the Challenge of Political Participation in Islamic Republic of Iran1
  hassan abniki
  Challenge is considered as a key concept in social-political science. All states face it somehow. They have to examine different strategies to prevent it from turning into crisis because not knowing a challenge can put a state in institutional and non-institutional trou More

  Challenge is considered as a key concept in social-political science. All states face it somehow. They have to examine different strategies to prevent it from turning into crisis because not knowing a challenge can put a state in institutional and non-institutional troubles, resulting in its deficiency and crisis in its legitimacy. Using institutionalism approach, the present article studies challenging effects of globalization on efficiency of Islamic Republic of Iran regarding political participation challenge. It shows how globalization can cause the challenge of political participation in Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile
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  11 - Institutionalism as a Model for Political Analysis
  h k
  The gravity point of Institutional analysis is emphasizing on the role of institutions as an independent variable in forming procedures and outcomes of individual and collective actions and social and political phenomena. Contemporary social sciences, due to the dominan More

  The gravity point of Institutional analysis is emphasizing on the role of institutions as an independent variable in forming procedures and outcomes of individual and collective actions and social and political phenomena. Contemporary social sciences, due to the dominance of background-based approaches (in Sociology and Political Sciences) and quantity-based approaches (in Economics), didn’t give due attention to the analysis of institution variable status in forming social, economic and political phenomena. This article, first, attempts to introduce the institutional perspective in social and political analysis, and then introduces the internal reformations and varieties of this approach. The second purpose of this article is to show that historical institutionalism as a kind of neo- Institutionalism can develop an appropriate framework in integrating the Institutionalism and background-based approaches in political analysis, due to its dynamic viewpoint on the category of institutional change. According to this view, although different forms of institutions should be seen as independent variables in forming the social and political actors’ behaviors, these institutions are developed phenomena in the context of social and political historical disputes. Manuscript profile
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  12 - Efficient bureaucracy in Institutional Approach
  Mohammad kamalizadeh
  Bureaucracy, is a set of institutions that determine the quality of government performance in the context of the social goals. In this respect, the bureaucracy has taken a series of important institutions of a society. This system and its institutions in the form of for More

  Bureaucracy, is a set of institutions that determine the quality of government performance in the context of the social goals. In this respect, the bureaucracy has taken a series of important institutions of a society. This system and its institutions in the form of formal and informal rules, to create opportunities and limitations that will determine the country's development process. Institutionalism as an analytical model has several advantages that can be effective in identifying the components of an efficient bureaucracy. Institutionalist approach, Firstly, provides clear criteria for evaluation and pathology Iranian bureaucracy. And secondly helps us to measure the performance of the bureaucracy and government institutions. In this paper, we discuss the main institutional frameworks of bureaucracy, and will show that this approach, which offers a set of indicators to measure and analyze the quality of its damage bureaucracy and how it affects other areas. Manuscript profile
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  13 - The Role of Civil Institutions on the Effectiveness of the State in Iran; Determining and Prioritizing the Indices1
   
  This research examines the role of civil institutions on the efficiency of state in different domains and with different qualities. To examine this for judicial, legislative and, executive powers separately, different indexes are suggested and are prioritized based on t More

  This research examines the role of civil institutions on the efficiency of state in different domains and with different qualities. To examine this for judicial, legislative and, executive powers separately, different indexes are suggested and are prioritized based on the opinioins of excperts. This research is descriptive-explanatory in its nature and uses both quantitive and qualitive methods in a composition that will be explained in the paper. According to the results, the highest priority is related to the executive system and to the role social institutions have in increasing the transparency of the executive power. On the contrary, the lowest priority is for the role social institutions have in how the representatives of judicial system are chosen for its different tasks. The latter is something that calls for more investigations. Manuscript profile
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  14 - Factors and barriers affecting the Rolling of civic institutions In the efficiency of the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran
   
  Civic institutions play an important role in the efficiency of governments. The World Bank data and the emphasis of global theorists on the role of civic institutions demonstrate the importance of these institutions. In Iran, too, civil society organizations are more or More

  Civic institutions play an important role in the efficiency of governments. The World Bank data and the emphasis of global theorists on the role of civic institutions demonstrate the importance of these institutions. In Iran, too, civil society organizations are more or less active in various fields and can play an effective role in government efficiency. But for effective rolling, we need to fully understand the obstacles and factors affecting this rolling according to the experience of civil society activists. In this article, using the available documentary sources, the existing civil institutions with national scope were identified. Then, with the opinion of experts in this field and using the Delphi technique, eleven civil institutions were selected in three groups: cultural, social and economic. In the next stage, eleven focus group meetings were held with at least five activists from each of the civil institutions and government experts in the relevant field and academic experts. In these meetings, the effective factors and obstacles of the role of civic institutions in the efficiency of the government were discussed, and the discussions were put on paper and coded, and the coding went to the stage of saturation. According to the data obtained in the previous stage, the key points of the focus meetings were extracted, which finally in a separate category of effective factors and effective barriers, 23 effective factors and 46 effective barriers in the rolling of civic institutions on government efficiency were extracted. According to the results of the previous stage, it was found that the most important factor in the role of civic institutions in government efficiency is the government itself and the government is not interested in playing an effective role of civic institutions and if the government allows, civil institutions will play a very effective role in government efficiency. Also, according to the results of this study, barriers affecting the role of civic institutions in government efficiency are more important than effective factors. This shows a kind of distrust and pessimism of the government towards civil institutions. Manuscript profile
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  15 - The Effect of Globalization on Civil Institutions in Iran1
      Azadeh  Shabani
  In the field of social sciences and humanities in the 1980s, the phenomenon of “globalization” as well as “civil society” were in the spotlight. Meanwhile, the ratio of these two together has been at the center of attention and analysis of various scholars. The concept More

  In the field of social sciences and humanities in the 1980s, the phenomenon of “globalization” as well as “civil society” were in the spotlight. Meanwhile, the ratio of these two together has been at the center of attention and analysis of various scholars. The concept of civil society in Iran was considered in the mid-seventies (the late 1990s). In this article, using the method of critical realism, the effect of globalization on civil institutions in Iran has been analyzed and it has been shown that between 1997 and 2011 there was no relation between the transformation of civil institutions and globalization in Iran. Critical Realism means that the real, that is, civil institutions, consists of three levels ontological, actuality and factual. Public institutions (participatory) are regarded as the ontological level of the real, social institutions as the actuality level of the real and political institutions as the factual level of the real. Manuscript profile
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  16 - Explaining the Political and Governmental Obstacles of Productive Private Sector Investment in Iranian Economy Using the Hodgson Institutional Approach1
   
  Productive investment is one of the main variables of macroeconomics. Creating favorable conditions for formation and growth of productive investment is one of the essential requirements for the achievement of the country's economic goals, to fix issues and economic pro More

  Productive investment is one of the main variables of macroeconomics. Creating favorable conditions for formation and growth of productive investment is one of the essential requirements for the achievement of the country's economic goals, to fix issues and economic problems and increasing the political and economic power of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this study, using Hodgson's institutional approach, the main problems and obstacles in the political system and governance structure in the process of formation of productive investment by the private sector is identified and analyzed. In Hodgson's theoretical approach, the existence of dichotomies and contradictions is the factor for the formation of social evolution and economic change. The institutional and environmental conditions of community indicates that these dualities lead to the development or rebound of the community. In this study, four institutional contradictions in Iranian economy have been investigated. These are the preference for short-term programs on long-term plans, the existence of contradictions in the structure of bureaucracy and sovereignty, the value-ideological decision-making and the destructive competition of the commercial sector with the industry sector. Then, their role and influence on economic productive investment are investigated. The study of the contradictions formed in political background and governance structure of the Iranian economy shows that the investment climate in the Iranian economy is inadequate and this has led to the continued economic downturn. Manuscript profile
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  17 - Criticism of the ontological premises Of Neo-Liberal Institutionalism
  Sayed Jalal Dehghani Firozabadi Hormoz Jafari
  States as the main player in international relations, States as rational players, International System as the determinant of states behaviors, international system as an anarchic system, and considering independent nature for international institutions are the internati More

  States as the main player in international relations, States as rational players, International System as the determinant of states behaviors, international system as an anarchic system, and considering independent nature for international institutions are the international institutionalism’ hypotheses that have been under critics by other IR Theory’s scholars. Given the explaining ability of the theory, how various schools of IR have appraised the ontological premises of Neo-Liberal Institutionalism? It seems that the mainstream theories of IR have criticized the functional part of the ontological premises of Neo-Liberal Institutionalism, while social theories have a criticism regarding its both functional and ontological angles. Manuscript profile
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  18 - the analysing of institutionalization obstacles of political parties in quasi-democratic systems
  majid piruz seyed alireza Hoseyni Beheshti مسعود غفاری Farshad  Momeni
  The purpose of this article is to analyse institutionalization obstacles of political parties in quasi-democratic systems. These systems have a combination of democratic appearance and authoritarianism contents, and lack institutionalized competition between political More

  The purpose of this article is to analyse institutionalization obstacles of political parties in quasi-democratic systems. These systems have a combination of democratic appearance and authoritarianism contents, and lack institutionalized competition between political parties. What is most evident in such systems is the formation of groups centering on prominent individuals and, in effect, changing to mere means to expand their influence. In this study, such parties are recognized as‘entrepreneur parties.’ The hypothesis is the short-comingsconcerned withpolitical culture, laws, regulations, and criteria of judgement, and the performance of political competition, leading to the formation of theentrepreneur party, an organization that does not benefit from the institutional tradition and continue to exist only under prominent figures. In this study, the descriptive-analytical method is based on library data.The aim of this paper is to introducethe comprehensive set of institutional arrangements in quasi-democratic systems that affect the nature of political parties’ organizations and to provide a better understanding of the party-centered relations in quasi-democratic systems. Manuscript profile
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  19 - Waqf and the Function of Political Participation in Contemporary Iran: A Study From the New Institutionalism Point of View
  Ali Karim Hadisi Mojtaba Maghsoodi Akbar   Ashrafi Babak  Naderpour
  Waqf [a system of land-based charitable endowment], as rooted in historical and religious traditions in Iran and the Islamic world, has always been a topic of interest for believers, philanthropists, statesmen, and of course those who have benefited from it in different More

  Waqf [a system of land-based charitable endowment], as rooted in historical and religious traditions in Iran and the Islamic world, has always been a topic of interest for believers, philanthropists, statesmen, and of course those who have benefited from it in different social groups and classes. For a long time, the mechanisms of waqf as a non-governmental and traditional institution have been very influential on various social, political, economic, and cultural structures. Today, with the introduction of the idea of small government and big civil society, these institutions have the potential for attracting renewed attention to revise their internal and external mechanisms and to revitalize their functionality. The main question of this study is as follow: from the standpoint of New Institutionalism, how does waqf as a Sharia-based, society-centered, andnon-governmental institution affect political participation? Our hypothesis is that the practice of waqf facilitates higher degrees of political participation sinceas a non-governmental institution, it takes up some of the responsibilities of the state for social justice, and with a philanthropy that is based in piety and humanism, it contributes to the distribution of wealth and resources. Indeed we can account for different aspects of this mechanism by re-reading the concept of waqf andits historical background from the perspective of New Institutionalism. This research tries to help represent this neglected field by using a qualitative-conceptual method. Findings of this study portrayWaqf in three ways; "Social participation" through focusing on health care, "economic participation" through donations and welfare services, and "political participation" through cultural-educational functions, especially for the needy and disadvantaged groups Governance helps and has the talent to serve as a model of efficient and community-based governance. Manuscript profile
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  20 - Political Economy of State Developmentalism in Iran: A Study of Douglas North's Theory of Open and Restricted Access in the Islamic Republic
  Ali  Ranjbarki
  This article explains the developmentalist status of political rule in the period of the Islamic Republic of Iran using the institutional theory of open and limited access "Douglas North". According to North, the elites and political rulers (ruling coalition) in a socie More

  This article explains the developmentalist status of political rule in the period of the Islamic Republic of Iran using the institutional theory of open and limited access "Douglas North". According to North, the elites and political rulers (ruling coalition) in a society have two ways of forming social order and controlling violence. On the one hand, the open access system, which has impersonal rules and regulations, the rule of law and productive rent-seeking, which guarantees public access to society's resources and assets. And, on the other hand, the limited access system, which seeks to establish personal and private relationships and rules, sheikh and disciple (Murid &Morad) networks, unproductive rent-seeking and restricting the access of others to the resources and assets of society. Empirical evidence shows that open access systems guarantee and accelerate the achievement of economic development. Restricted access systems are not inherently developmental because economic development conflicts with the personal and group interests of the ruling coalition. Hence, political rule does not make a serious effort to address the problems and shortcomings in the path of economic development. In Iran, with the formation of the Islamic Revolution, the ground was opened for further opening of the social access system. But over time, with the occurrence of various internal and external events, political rule tended to limit the country's social system. This led to a special group of Islamists (traditional and fundamentalist right) becoming the dominant coalition of the country and using various strategies and policies to try to gain access to the sources of power and assets of the country in a centralized and exclusive way. Under these institutional conditions, the behavior of the country's political rulers is shaped in such a way that their main goal is to maintain the current political system in order to guarantee monopoly and centralized power and maximum access to the country's resources and assets. Therefore, increasing and allocating unproductive rents from oil revenues and government monopolies to groups affiliated with the ruling coalition, establishing personal and private relations and organizations, and restricting the participation and access of other groups to the economic and political resources of the country are the dominant coalition strategies. These strategies hinder the continuation and acceleration of economic development in the country. Thus, the behavior and plans of political rulers are not developmental. Manuscript profile
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  21 - Historical Institutionalim as a Framework for Analyzing the Relationship between State and Parliament in the Islamic Republic of Iran
  Javad Mahlooji Hossein  Masoudnia masoud shahramnia
  Understanding and analyzing the relationship between government and parliament in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been the focus of politicians, journalists, and researchers in recent years. Since facts do not speak for themselves and need to be interpreted and organiz More

  Understanding and analyzing the relationship between government and parliament in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been the focus of politicians, journalists, and researchers in recent years. Since facts do not speak for themselves and need to be interpreted and organized, the article seeks to provide a theoretical basis for this purpose. The starting point of the discussion is the theory of historical institutionalism and the refinement of its position among various theories in the field of political science. The question, then, is what opportunities or insights does historical institutionalism provide for researchers in this field, and what tools for analyzing them? After extracting the methodic possibilities in the theory of historical institutionalism for analyzing the relationship between government and parliament, in the second part, the article tries to provide a guide map for collecting and analyzing data on the relationship between government and parliament in the years after reviewing the constitution. Manuscript profile
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  22 - Identifying and Categorizing the Mental Model of Academic Experts Regarding the Drivers of Social Innovation Education in Universities and Higher Education Institutions Based on a Mixed Approach
  Golbahar Pouranjenar Habibollah  Salarzehi Ali Asghar  Tabavar Nour Mohammad Yaghoubi
  Many experts believe that social innovation, as a new paradigm, can provide innovative solutions to various problems by involving various organizations such as universities and institutions of higher learning, as well as members of the community. Therefore, it seems nec More

  Many experts believe that social innovation, as a new paradigm, can provide innovative solutions to various problems by involving various organizations such as universities and institutions of higher learning, as well as members of the community. Therefore, it seems necessary to orient universities and higher education institutions towards teaching social innovation and discovering methods for teaching it. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to identify and categorize the drivers of social innovation education and the mentality of academic experts in this regard using the Mixed approach and Q method. The statistical population of the study consists of professors and lecturers in the field of education and doctoral students active in the field of social innovation and social entrepreneurship in University of Sistan and Baluchestan, University of Isfahan, Gonbad Kavous State University, and Shahid Beheshti Higher Education Center. Purposeful sampling and based on the principle of theoretical adequacy, 20 of them were selected as sample members. According to the research approach, which is in the category of mixed research; It should be noted that in the qualitative part of the research, using 20 interviews, the atmosphere of discourse was obtained and by using their opinions and views, samples, and options of Q and in continuation, Q collection was obtained. Also, in the quantitative part, the data obtained in the qualitative part were analyzed using Spss software, which finally included four final mental patterns, including; Mental approach to individual and social empowerment; Mental approach to policy-making and extra-organizational support; Cultural and value mental approach and structural and managerial mental approach within the organization were identified Manuscript profile
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  23 - A look at the structure of research management in Germany
  Gevork grptian
  This paper examines the structure of German research management. In this regard, segregation of duties in the policy-making layers, sponsors and implementers of research is proposed and then the institutionalization approach in research is presented. Finally, how to fin More

  This paper examines the structure of German research management. In this regard, segregation of duties in the policy-making layers, sponsors and implementers of research is proposed and then the institutionalization approach in research is presented. Finally, how to finance and discuss how to plan international activities is discussed. Conclusion The article provided highlights and suggestions on national perspectives. Manuscript profile
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  24 - A Review of the Rules and Regulations of Science and Technology and Relationship to Innovation
  Mohammad reza Ata pour Seyed Habibollah Tabatabaeiyan
  In the concept of innovation systems, the interrelationship between actors is important. One of the most important tools that will shape this interrelationship between different actors in the system is regulations and laws related to science, technology and innovation ( More

  In the concept of innovation systems, the interrelationship between actors is important. One of the most important tools that will shape this interrelationship between different actors in the system is regulations and laws related to science, technology and innovation (STI). In the literature, especially according to some economists such as Schumpeter, it is proven that laws and regulations could have the positive and negative impact on the development of technology and innovation. The literature review has shown that there are three views to achieve a comprehensive legislation in the field of STI. The classification categories are OECD’s rules, technological and non-technological laws and the prevention of failures rules. In addition, in this research, science and technology rules and laws as "lows on science and technology" in other countries are also examined. As a result, the proposed framework is introduced to show the different dimensions considered to achieve comprehensive science, technology and innovation law. Finally, according to this research, there are some proposed factors such as institutional modifications and innovations, determination of important science and technology branches, comprehensive view about these regulating and concept of STI, and attention to dynamics of laws and rules, that decision makers should consider to achieving comprehensive regulations. Manuscript profile
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  25 - Identifying Institutional and Environmental Determinants of University Technology Transfer in Biotechnology
  Jahangir Yadoollahi Farsi Zahra Amini
  Technology transfer is one of the important and fundamental issues that can lead to technology promotion and moving toward sustainable development. Technology Transfer is a practical usage of academic researches, to transfer ideas and researches into technology or produ More

  Technology transfer is one of the important and fundamental issues that can lead to technology promotion and moving toward sustainable development. Technology Transfer is a practical usage of academic researches, to transfer ideas and researches into technology or products. This process needs cooperation of more than one party. In technology transfer one side is researchers and academic body that have new ideas and the other side is industry that makes profit. Due to the rapid growth of new technology, and its importance in terms of welfare and economic growth, ignoring technology transfer may cause recession. Using academic ideas, transferring them and doing researches on industry is called Technology Transfer. Biotechnology industry, with a wide range of applications, allocates large part of the global market to itself. We select this industry regarding to importance and increasing growth of Biotechnology. We are going to identify institutional and environmental determinants of university technology transfer. Institutional factors are those which firm can control them and are surrounded by firm. But environmental factors are those which can affect the firm and can’t be controlled by the firm. Then by using eclectic method we are able to identify some variables. In qualitative part by using interview, we recognize some variables, and then we distribute 60 questionnaires among biotech researchers. Consequently, we settle institutional and environmental factors, and clarify that institutional factors are more significant than environmental ones. Manuscript profile
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  26 - The role of government, university and industry in national innovation system in iran
  Reza Radfar Abass Khamse
  Rapid changes of technology in the past decades are caused that the countries find out the importance of innovation more than the last. Complex interaction between technology and innovation is caused the creation and appearance of innovation systems. The National Innova More

  Rapid changes of technology in the past decades are caused that the countries find out the importance of innovation more than the last. Complex interaction between technology and innovation is caused the creation and appearance of innovation systems. The National Innovation System (NIS) plays the important role of commercializing the ideas and continuous transfer of knowledge from knowledge creation up to its application and commercialization in national level. Main components of this system include organizations and institutions from one hand, and the rules and procedures in the other hand. This system has the role of creation, propagation and the use of innovations. In other words, NIS is a comprehensive system that is formed by; policy makers in government, creators of new ideas and knowledge, knowledge users and various types of their interaction. In this paper we have tried to study the function of government, university and industry and their interactions in NIS Manuscript profile
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  27 - Institutional Mapping of Innovation in the Railway Transport Industry
  mehdi elyasi mehdi mohammadi hossein mirzaei atiyeh safardoust
  10.7508/jstpi.2019.02.004
  The aim of this study was to delineate the institutional mapping of innovation in the rail transportation industry in the country. On the basis of centered concept of national innovation system in the form of six dimensions of Economic Cooperation and Development Organi More

  The aim of this study was to delineate the institutional mapping of innovation in the rail transportation industry in the country. On the basis of centered concept of national innovation system in the form of six dimensions of Economic Cooperation and Development Organization Approach, we identify effective institutions in any sector and institutional mapping outline was drawn railway industry. In order to draw institutional mapping while taking advantage of expert opinions, six major steps in this article were evaluated, including identification of existing organizations in the field of rail transportation, understanding the relationships among competitors between institutions in this industry, providing institutional matrix-function for the status quo of the industry, providing an initial institutional mapping for the industry, and providing an overview on the outline of the institutional mapping of the railway transport industry. Manuscript profile
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  28 - The Study of the Relationship between Entrepreneurship, Competitiveness and Economic Growth
  Mohsen Mohammadi Khyareh Nasrin Rostami
  10.7508/jstpi.2019.01.002
  Entrepreneurship is one of the main factors of competition and innovation among firms, as well as on the national and international scene of economics. In order to create an enabling environment for entrepreneurship, it has to be able to interact between the elements of More

  Entrepreneurship is one of the main factors of competition and innovation among firms, as well as on the national and international scene of economics. In order to create an enabling environment for entrepreneurship, it has to be able to interact between the elements of competitiveness and entrepreneurship, and to use symmetric and proportionate entrepreneurial conditions to improve production and employment, and thus increase economic growth. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to examine the interaction effects of competitiveness and entrepreneurship, which ultimately lead to economic growth. In this paper, through collecting library resources and with a descriptive approach, the interrelations between different components of competitiveness and entrepreneurship, as well as their effects on economic growth, are discussed. According to the results of this research, competitiveness can be an important factor in the development of entrepreneurship activities within the country and is one of the factors of economic growth. From the social aspect, this study can also help governments to familiar with aspects of politics that favor entrepreneurial opportunities, and which factors encourage entrepreneurs to grow in a single economy. This study is also important for entrepreneurs, since it shows what aspects of the economy are important and should focus on which of the deficiencies in the economic dimension and the pillars of competitiveness. Manuscript profile
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  29 - Designing Strategic Pattern of Knowledge Management in Cultural and Educative Affairs
  mehdi rahimi Hadi Rezghi ali akbar farhangi nader mohaghegh
  These days based on the feature and variety of cultural and educative organizations designing the knowledge management components in accordance with strategy are different and the main strategy of organization improves the synergy of organizational knowledge. Success of More

  These days based on the feature and variety of cultural and educative organizations designing the knowledge management components in accordance with strategy are different and the main strategy of organization improves the synergy of organizational knowledge. Success of a cultural and educative organization relies on applying an appropriate pattern of knowledge management in ruling that organization. A variety of factors may affect designing the strategic pattern of knowledge management that noticing to them may be a key issue in designing successful pattern of knowledge management. The aim of this research is to identify the fundamental components of knowledge management in Tehran province’s prison organization that may have an effect on designing an appropriate strategic pattern of knowledge management in cultural and educative affairs. For identifying and extracting the aimed components the qualitative method is chosen based on the explorative nature and complexity of different dimensions of research. For gathering information from the society of this research that include cultural bosses, employees and prisoners of cultural affairs the deep interview is used. The experts are chosen by using purposeful sampling method and theory. Data analysis shows that after 19 interviews the categories reached to a theoretical saturation. Findings show that 20 components including explanation and dissemination of organizational culture, knowledge oriented strategy an policies, patterning, role of leadership, importance of human resource, appropriate infrastructure of technology and information, evaluation processes of role, organizational structure, experts’ network, assigning rewards and incentives, educational programs, cooperation and teamwork, difficulty in accessing knowledge, knowledge management architecture, reengineering, clarity, trust, systematic relationship with stakeholders, knowledge strategies, importance of recording saving and documentation of knowledge are identified. Conclusion: Designing strategic pattern of knowledge management in cultural and educative affairs of Tehran’s province prison organization may be successful in case the identified components find establishment and to be used in that organization concerned. Manuscript profile
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  30 - Investigating the effective factors on the effectiveness of electronic signature in the prosperity of inter-firm business environment (Case study: Oil industry)
   
  In the current study, identification and analysis of the factors affecting the electronic signature effect on the prosperity of the job area between the institutions (case study: oil industry) had been studied.In this study, in order to analyze the resulted data, the de More

  In the current study, identification and analysis of the factors affecting the electronic signature effect on the prosperity of the job area between the institutions (case study: oil industry) had been studied.In this study, in order to analyze the resulted data, the descriptive and deductive statistical methods have been used, and the SPSS Software is used in this regard. For choosing the test of the hypotheses, first, the data normality test (Kolmogrov-Smirnov) was used for the calculation. The results of the normality test showed that there is no condition for the equality of the variances and the data are not normal. Therefore, in order to perform the test, the non-parametric tests were used, because the conditions related to the parametric tests were not available. For performing the test of the mean difference between the education and using the digital (electronic) signature, regarding the fact that the education level was in the form of categories, and it was higher than two categories, the one-way variance analysis test was used. To compare the means with each other and to determine the level of the meaningfulness of the differences, Tookie Test was used. Regarding the point that all the persons are inside two categories from the viewpoint of the job backgrounds, the T-Test of the independent groups is used in order to review the job backgrounds of the people. Eventually, the final result of the test of the hypotheses showed that considering all the variables, excluding verifying the identity and being undeniable in the process of job units, the effect of utilizing the electronic signature in juicing up the job in two institutes is too much, and the effect of these two ingredients is lower than the average. Manuscript profile
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  31 - A model for interaction of supervisory institutions and price reporting institutions to improve the efficiency of the crude oil pricing system in oil markets using classical data-base theory
  mohamad mahdi hajian Atefeh Taklif Hamed Soltaninejad
  10.61186/mf.26857.21.70.75
  The subject of pricing in the oil market has undergone changes as the market evolves over time. Today, PRA reporting to private institutions that disseminate information, and especially prices in the world oil market, play an important role in determining the price of o More

  The subject of pricing in the oil market has undergone changes as the market evolves over time. Today, PRA reporting to private institutions that disseminate information, and especially prices in the world oil market, play an important role in determining the price of oil in the physical and paper markets. Concerns over the activities of these institutions have led to the formation of oversight bodies. However, the question remains as to what is the appropriate model for the interaction of price reporting institutions and supervisory bodies in a way that results in a more efficient oil pricing mechanism. The purpose of the present study is to review the theoretical foundations of the activities of price reporting institutions and supervisory institutions, using a data-base theory and using the opinions of experts in global oil markets, to provide a model for the relationship of these actors. Following the implementation of the foundation's data strategy, 60 concepts were constructed, categorized into 7 sub-categories and 4 main ones. At the theoretical coding stage, a conceptual model was developed for the relationship between supervisory bodies and price reporting institutions. Manuscript profile
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  32 - Barriers to Institutional Innovation in Developing Societies Based on Complexity Theory
  sahar babaei akbar mohammadi
  Today, due to the rapid changes in innovation and technology in the business and governance environment, the design of appropriate governance policies has faced complexities. In proportion to this growth, the prevailing changes will also require common intelligence and More

  Today, due to the rapid changes in innovation and technology in the business and governance environment, the design of appropriate governance policies has faced complexities. In proportion to this growth, the prevailing changes will also require common intelligence and proportionate institutional changes. Based on the existing complexities, Institutionalization and Institutional Innovation is one of the most important measures taken by different societies to regulate functions and achieve specific goals. These institutions are sometimes completely new and innovative, and sometimes are modifications of previous institutions that can all be categorized as institutional innovation with a wide range. In developing societies, due to its dysfunctions and weaknesses, institutional innovation faces many obstacles and problems. Recognition of these barriers can be helpful in predicting complementary institutional innovation measures for their implementation, and the purpose of this study is to identify these barriers. In this study, field studies and interviews with focus group were used to collect data, and by content analysis method, institutional innovation barriers were counted, and finally, based on complexity theory, the results of the research were validated. Obstacles to institutional innovation were identified in three categories: knowledge, determination, and capability. Due to the inequality of policy makers and implementers, these barriers were counted separately from the perspectives of these two main stakeholders. Manuscript profile
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  33 - Explaining the relationship between state and society: from one-sided frameworks to reciprocal links
  sara akbari Vahid sinaee Mehdi  Najafzadeh eslami eslami
  Explaining the relationship between the state and society is one of the most important theoretical challenges in political science. In a theoretical conflict and as a result of numerous criticisms of one-dimensional explanations of society or the state, the key question More

  Explaining the relationship between the state and society is one of the most important theoretical challenges in political science. In a theoretical conflict and as a result of numerous criticisms of one-dimensional explanations of society or the state, the key question is to what extent univariate and one-sided theories have the power to explain and answer why and how the relationship between state and society is and what are their shortcomings. This article first seeks to critique the analytical tradition in the literature on government-society relations and then explain the components of historical institutionalism as one of the approaches in political science. According to this view, the government and society have mutually influenced each other in their historical process. This view sees the power of the state and the manifestation of this power in connection with the power of the society and considers the existing institutional arrangements in society and their transformation as the product of the connection of power structures in a historical process. The main components of this theory are “important milestones, path dependence, timing and sequence, events, design, and institutional transformation”.¬ The analytical framework presented in this paper is based on systematic attention to how institutional arrangements are established and consolidated in the context of time, and therefore rather than having the characteristics of specific theories, it is introduced as a general theoretical framework. It may have more power to analyze the role of institutions in the social sciences in general and political science in particular. Manuscript profile
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  34 - ICT Integration in Teacher Education with Meta-Synthesis Approach
  داود معصومی روح اله  مهدیون بتول  معصومی
  This article looks at the integration of ICT in teacher education in the wider perspective of school development, which puts on focus both in-service and pre-service teacher education. To prepare teacher-education students for work in a rapidly changing, information ric More

  This article looks at the integration of ICT in teacher education in the wider perspective of school development, which puts on focus both in-service and pre-service teacher education. To prepare teacher-education students for work in a rapidly changing, information rich and technology based society, the key strategies in integration of ICT in teacher education programs and provides implications and directions for future analyses of ICT integration efforts are analyzed. A meta-synthesis exercise was undertaken, to analyze and synthesize the studies and examples of best practice to integrate ICT in education particularly in teacher education. The results were provided into two main parts including: - ICT in in-service teacher education; - ICT in pre-service teacher education. Discussing the examples of practices and strategies, it is argued that addressed strategies are complementary, thus a combination of the given strategies may be more efficient way in integrating ICT in teacher education programs Manuscript profile
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  35 - Tax exemptions; It’s Effects and Revenue Capacity in the General Government Budget
  Younes Teymouri
  The main consider in this study is the subject of tax exemptions. The purpose of this study is to identify exemptions, analyze the consequences and estimate their revenue capacity in the budget. Considering the structure and public policies of several representative cou More

  The main consider in this study is the subject of tax exemptions. The purpose of this study is to identify exemptions, analyze the consequences and estimate their revenue capacity in the budget. Considering the structure and public policies of several representative countries (USA, Britain, Sweden and Germany) along with Iran, It was concluded that the tax structure of countries derives from mechanisms formed within society such as institutional- political and social structure. Comparison of countries shows us that the tax structure of Iran is very similar to the structure of the United States, The most important feature of which is being particularistic and having high tax expenditures, including widespread exemptions. In addition, The fragmentation of tax decision- making among Iran’s tax policymakers is one of the reasons that without going into details of explaining the Benchmark Tax System, leads us to accept the fact that a large part of exemptions deviate from Benchmark Tax System and they are part of the tax expenditures of the government budget. Identifying tax exemptions shows that these exemptions are widespread, vague, particularistic, inefficient and discriminatory. Inefficiency and discrimination have penetrated even at the sectoral level, And in particular the manufacturing sector of the industry in comparison with services sector has suffered seriously. Also, estimating the amount of potential revenues by taking into account some important tax exemptions, shows that value of the tax capacity of these exemptions is about 80 thousand billion Tomans, which covers approximately 18 percents of the deficit budget in 1400 Manuscript profile
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  36 - Institution of Charity and Instruction and Restorative Justice
  اسعد نوبخت mysam nemat allahi
  Expecting the legal community to know about the ideal goals and the ideal justice of all the tools, or the ability to use all of these tools is an unreasonable and in vain, so all the scholars and thinkers of the field of science of law to identify and Using these tools More

  Expecting the legal community to know about the ideal goals and the ideal justice of all the tools, or the ability to use all of these tools is an unreasonable and in vain, so all the scholars and thinkers of the field of science of law to identify and Using these tools has made a lot of effort. However, due to the fact that it is desirable for all the scholars of this field and scholars of this field to mobilize all their possibilities to continue the course and achieve the desired justice and trials, until the knowledge and achievement of human justice is a long and long way. Be honest and fair. This paper seeks to explore new ways and ways to use the capacities of criminal politics and to take steps to reach this goal using religious orders and capacities. Using the examples of restorative justice is at the same level as the writer's point of view. Manuscript profile
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  37 - Identifying Institutional Factors Influencing the Exploitation of Entrepreneurial Opportunities in Health-Tourism in Iran: a qualitative study of Tehran province
  Kamal Sakhdari nader seyedamiri Alireza Rajaian Javad Sakhdari
  Despite many potentials in health tourism in Iran, few entrepreneurial behaviors tried to use them. The nexus theory of actor-opportunity suggests that entrepreneurial behaviors result from a suitable combination of actors and the supporting environment. Institutional f More

  Despite many potentials in health tourism in Iran, few entrepreneurial behaviors tried to use them. The nexus theory of actor-opportunity suggests that entrepreneurial behaviors result from a suitable combination of actors and the supporting environment. Institutional factors are among the important elements of a supporting context for entrepreneurship. This qualitative research aimed to identify institutional factors that influenced the exploitation of health-tourism opportunities in Tehran province. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs and health tourism experts. Interviewees were selected using targeted and snowball methods. This study took place in Tehran, April to July 2015. We introduced four categories of institutional factors: regulatory, normative, cognitive and supportive. These categories form the essential factors for exploiting entrepreneurial opportunities in health tourism in Iran focusing on the capital city of Tehran. Manuscript profile
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  38 - Developing a tool to make the organization smarter in measuring the maturity level of project management and offering improvement approaches
  Fatemeh Noori Amin Habib Raad
  The project's role in the prosperity of the organization and in achieving its major goals is undeniable. Due to the fact that it is necessary to provide a method to assess the level of organizational maturity in project management and provide solutions to improve it. In More

  The project's role in the prosperity of the organization and in achieving its major goals is undeniable. Due to the fact that it is necessary to provide a method to assess the level of organizational maturity in project management and provide solutions to improve it. In this research, first the maturity level of project management in the Gas Turbine Institute is evaluated and then the improvement strategies are identified and presented as a model. Based on the development and maturity model upgrade of the Crawford project management solutions were evaluated by a researcher-made questionnaire in 5 levels (the lowest one being PMBOK, and the highest one being continuous improvement). According to the research findings, the result of the project management maturity was obtained in the third level (the stage of standard institutionalizations and project management process). After identifying project management level development approaches through interviews and analyzing the questionnaire data, for the importance of making optimal use of organizational resources, approaches were prioritized using the utility function based on time, required resources, and their significance. According to experts, the main priorities are: holding daily meetings of project teams - clarifying stakeholder expectations and documenting them - holding regular meetings of project stakeholders with project models - determining indicators and control areas - minute budgeting. Manuscript profile
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  39 - Determining the competencies of Human Resource with the Approach of marketing educational services (a meta-Analysis literature review)
  Saeed Talebi seyyed mahmoud  shabgoo monsef Kambiz Shahroodi فرزین فرحبد
  High quality education is a prerequisite for a flourishing economy of a country. The quality of education can be improved by considering new approaches. On the other hand, the characteristics and competencies of specialists in the field of education and focusing on comp More

  High quality education is a prerequisite for a flourishing economy of a country. The quality of education can be improved by considering new approaches. On the other hand, the characteristics and competencies of specialists in the field of education and focusing on competency-based human resources in this field is another approach that will have a direct relationship with the quality of education and improving competition in this market. Therefore, the research object is to explain the key competencies of human resources in the field of education services with the approach of marketing education services. In this study, the results of the resources of necessary competencies in educational services during the years (2020-205) & (1399-1385) are analyzed by a meta-analyzed method and components of educational services marketing competency were counted. From 91 primary sources, 67 sources were selected based on abstract, then 39 ones were selected based on the content, and finally 12 sources were considered as relevant sources. Heterogeneity of the effect size was confirmed and then the effect of each index was studied using CMA software. By the results of the Q test, the studies are heterogeneous with 99% confidence, the use of combining results of the random effects model was confirmed. According to the random results in software analysis, 24 key competencies were found in the field of educational services marketing. The findings indicated that the competencies "time management" and "creativity and innovation" have the highest effect sizes of 0.584 and 0.538 respectively, and the competencies of "listening skills" and "power of analysis" with a value of 0.285 have the lowest effect sizes among the competencies. Manuscript profile
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  40 - Role of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Regional and International Institutions
  Nasrin Mosaffa جواد  امین‌منصور
  With the emergence of transnational and multilateral arrangements as major means of international negotiations and cooperation, questions have arisen about membership and participation in such arrangements: how to interact with them, and how to assess the impact of tran More

  With the emergence of transnational and multilateral arrangements as major means of international negotiations and cooperation, questions have arisen about membership and participation in such arrangements: how to interact with them, and how to assess the impact of transnational institutions on national interests of member states. The present paper reviews the theoretical frameworks related to this issue before analyzing the role of the Islamic Republic of Iran in regional and international institutions and discussing the necessity of establishing a desirable and effective relations with international organizations. In doing this, the experience and scope of the presence and activities of the Islamic Republic of Iran in these organizations have been divided into three periods: from the victory of the Islamic Revolution to the end of the Iraq’s war against Iran in 1988; from 1989 to 2004, and from 2004 up to the present time. The paper enumerates common features of these three periods as well as their differences to delineate an overall picture of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s foreign policy with relation to regional and international institutions. Manuscript profile
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  41 - Challenges Facing UN for Democratization of Ethnic-Religious Communities(Case study: UN action in Africa following the Cold War)
  قدرت  احمدیان ندا  حیدری
  The United Nations is the most important international organization which has been founded to protect peace and security especially in international arena. The UN considers protection of peace and democratization as an effective mechanism to reduce and limit conflicts, More

  The United Nations is the most important international organization which has been founded to protect peace and security especially in international arena. The UN considers protection of peace and democratization as an effective mechanism to reduce and limit conflicts, especially in ethnic-religious communities. Following the Cold War, ethic-religious conflicts in Africa have become more intense. Since national governments have been unable to control such conflicts and the conflicts pose a threat to international security, international community has taken action to manage these conflicts. As such, the UN has embarked on democratization of African countries in the form of the second generation of peacekeeping operations. However, despite such efforts, the aforesaid conflicts have not been reduced, but continued unabated. Inefficiency of the UN model for management of conflicts is an important problem. The present research aims to find reasons behind the failure of the UN conflict management model; that is, democratization as a solution for ethnic-religious conflicts in Africa following the Cold War. The present article takes advantage of the theory of institutionalism for the analysis of transition to democracy before discussing reasons behind the failure of the UN action on democratization, failure of democratic rule, and continuation of conflicts in Africa. Manuscript profile
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  42 - A Constructivist Study of International Organizations and Research Possibilities
  Homeira Moshirzadeh
  A Constructivist Study of International Organizations Homeira Moshirzadeh Associate Professor of International Relations, Faculty of Law and Political Science; Tehran University Theoretical attitudes to international organizations provide a basis for presenting s More

  A Constructivist Study of International Organizations Homeira Moshirzadeh Associate Professor of International Relations, Faculty of Law and Political Science; Tehran University Theoretical attitudes to international organizations provide a basis for presenting suitable questions and meaningful and systematic research. Constructivist approach as an analytical and conceptual framework, is a suitable basis for studying international organizations. This article while focusing on the theoretical foundations of constructivism and its research plan indicates that how this approach can guide research on international organizations. Constructivism can pave the way for further research on international organizations, given the issues such as interrelationship between agent and structure, inter subjectivity, relationship between rules and leadership, rule-setting, reproducing and changing rules, identity-building and organizational culture. This article shows that how some of these research possibilities have been exploited in research projects and what subjects could be explored in studying international organizations. Manuscript profile
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  43 - Contending Theories and the Analysis of International Organizations and Institutions, Peace, Security and Justice
  Seyed Abdolali ghavam Samira Mohseni
  The analysis of international organizations and institutions, peace, security and justice based on contending theories, in different ontological, epistemological and methodological frameworks, can help us to achieve a better understanding of the concept of international More

  The analysis of international organizations and institutions, peace, security and justice based on contending theories, in different ontological, epistemological and methodological frameworks, can help us to achieve a better understanding of the concept of international relations and demonstrates a more realistic picture of international institutions, processes and events. Obviously, the precise analysis of phenomena and events largely depends on the above strengths and weaknesses of mainstream and critical theories in explaining the above mentioned concepts Manuscript profile
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  44 - International Institutions; Mathematica Modeling of Change from G5 to G20
  Ali Akbar Kiani
  International Institutions, though one of key global actors and topics of International Studies, are rarely studied by focusing on the internal processes of change. A justification for lack of research could be the challenges in quantifying internal changes and processe More

  International Institutions, though one of key global actors and topics of International Studies, are rarely studied by focusing on the internal processes of change. A justification for lack of research could be the challenges in quantifying internal changes and processes. Hence, the proliferation of qualitative takes relying on personal analysis. Given the importance of cooperation groups in global governance, this article asks what is the degree of change in the process of expansion of G5 into G20? Utilising quantitative and mathematical methods, the study offers an equation based on data provided by the World Back. The equation proves a model to analyse track-records, which seemingly suggests highest performance by G7 and lowest for G8 Manuscript profile
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  45 - Economic Diplomacy and Islamic Republic of Iran’s Accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO)
  Sayed Mohammad Mousavi dehmourdi Vahid Bozorgi
  International Institutions, though one of key global actors and topics of International Studies, are rarely studied by focusing on the internal processes of change. A justification for lack of research could be the challenges in quantifying internal changes and processe More

  International Institutions, though one of key global actors and topics of International Studies, are rarely studied by focusing on the internal processes of change. A justification for lack of research could be the challenges in quantifying internal changes and processes. Hence, the proliferation of qualitative takes relying on personal analysis. Given the importance of cooperation groups in global governance, this article asks what is the degree of change in the process of expansion of G5 into G20? Utilising quantitative and mathematical methods, the study offers an equation based on data provided by the World Back. The equation proves a model to analyse track-records, which seemingly suggests highest performance by G7 and lowest for G8 Manuscript profile
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  46 - Iran's Approach to Non-Aligned Movement
  hadi torki rsalan ghorbani torkneshin
  The Islamic Republic of Iran can fulfill part of its foreign policy goals through interaction with international institutions. Perhaps, the Non- Aligned Movement (NAM) does not fit into an international organization, and its binding aspects are weak, but given the numbe More

  The Islamic Republic of Iran can fulfill part of its foreign policy goals through interaction with international institutions. Perhaps, the Non- Aligned Movement (NAM) does not fit into an international organization, and its binding aspects are weak, but given the number of its members, its ideals and goals on the one hand, and the impact of international institutions in the modern age, on the other hand, it enjoys a wide range and many of its goals are in line with Iran's policies. This article by considering the theory of "neo-liberal institutionalism" which suggests that the international system is anarchic, states are effective and rational actors as well as international institutions have an independent identity, seeks to understand the nature of approach taken by Iran towards the NAM in the international system. In fact, it is a comparative between principles and objectives of Iran's macro policies and those of the NAM. Therefore, one of the most important relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the NAM is the negation of imperialism and domination, sovereign equality of states, equality of nations, respect for human rights and the right to self-determination. Manuscript profile
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  47 - International Institutions; Mathematica Modeling of Change from G5 to G20
  Ali Akbar Kiani
  International Institutions, though one of key global actors and topics of International Studies, are rarely studied by focusing on the internal processes of change. A justification for lack of research could be the challenges in quantifying internal changes and processe More

  International Institutions, though one of key global actors and topics of International Studies, are rarely studied by focusing on the internal processes of change. A justification for lack of research could be the challenges in quantifying internal changes and processes. Hence, the proliferation of qualitative takes relying on personal analysis. Given the importance of cooperation groups in global governance, this article asks what is the degree of change in the process of expansion of G5 into G20? Utilising quantitative and mathematical methods, the study offers an equation based on data provided by the World Back. The equation proves a model to analyse track-records, which seemingly suggests highest performance by G7 and lowest for G8. Manuscript profile
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  48 - Proposing a Framework for Ranking International Science and Technology Institutions: The case of International S&T Policymaking Institutions
  Effat Norouzi Javad Mashayekh
  One of the relevant topics in the field of science, technology and innovation policy is international S&T cooperation. This study proposes a framework for ranking these institutions focusing on a clear example of international S&T cooperation; cooperation in the context More

  One of the relevant topics in the field of science, technology and innovation policy is international S&T cooperation. This study proposes a framework for ranking these institutions focusing on a clear example of international S&T cooperation; cooperation in the context of multilateral international institutions, in order to decide on the membership and better utilization of their capacities. Seeing deficit in the history of the assessment of countries’ performance in these institutions, the research has suggested a function-oriented framework based on nine functions to rank these institutions. These functions are as follows: form and support of interaction, communication and networking at the level of individuals, organizations and governments; legitimacy and proper visualization in regional or international level; making regulation and international standards in the field of science and technology; production, processing and distribution of information; monitoring and enforcing international regulations; allocation and sharing of resources; cooperation and joint action; arbitration and resolving international challenges; training, empowerment and capacity building. Then, using the proposed framework, forty-six international active institutions in the field of S&T policy making were ranked in six categories. The result shows that the Islamic Republic of Iran almost poses the membership of those institutions placed second to fourth categories. Finally, some recommendations about the revision of the Islamic Republic of Iran's membership in these institutions as well as the efficient use of their capacity have been proposed. Manuscript profile
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  49 - The impact of the expansion of economic and trade relations between China and Europe on EU-US relations
  Kamran Rabani sadr
  Although the People's Republic of China and the European Union have deep differences on issues such as the position of the state in the Chinese economy and human rights, it must be acknowledged that in recent years the two sides have enjoyed the most dynamic and complem More

  Although the People's Republic of China and the European Union have deep differences on issues such as the position of the state in the Chinese economy and human rights, it must be acknowledged that in recent years the two sides have enjoyed the most dynamic and complementary economies. They have engaged in global integration, bringing to the fore significant strategic cooperation. It is worth noting that the cooperation between FEMA, which has been more than any other factor in trade and direct economic investment, in turn has led to a large impact on the type of US-EU relations between Beijing and the EU. The question posed by the author of the leading research with a descriptive-analytical approach and based on the theoretical assumptions of liberal institutionalism seeks to answer why it is arranged in such a way that the visible and hidden effects of expanding economic and trade relations between China and the EU on How is the relationship between the United States and the European Union assessed? The hypothesis raised by the above question suggests that, on the one hand, the emphasis on a multilateral system based on international law has led to a common commitment between Chinese and European officials, and that, on the other hand, President Trump has chosen a strategy. Protectionism and withdrawal from trade agreements have emphasized that Europe's relations with Washington have largely cooled. The result of the transformation that has taken place is that the strengthening of Sino-EU relations has weakened EU-US relations. Manuscript profile
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  50 - The impact of the expansion of economic and trade relations between China and Europe on EU-US relations
  Kamran Rabani sadr Hakem ghasemi Majid Bozorgmehri
  Although the People's Republic of China and the European Union have deep differences on issues such as the position of the state in the Chinese economy and human rights, it must be acknowledged that in recent years the two sides have enjoyed the most dynamic and complem More

  Although the People's Republic of China and the European Union have deep differences on issues such as the position of the state in the Chinese economy and human rights, it must be acknowledged that in recent years the two sides have enjoyed the most dynamic and complementary economies. They have engaged in global integration, bringing to the fore significant strategic cooperation. It is worth noting that the cooperation between FEMA, which has been more than any other factor in trade and direct economic investment, in turn has led to a large impact on the type of US-EU relations between Beijing and the EU. The question posed by the author of the leading research with a descriptive-analytical approach and based on the theoretical assumptions of liberal institutionalism seeks to answer why it is arranged in such a way that the visible and hidden effects of expanding economic and trade relations between China and the EU on How is the relationship between the United States and the European Union assessed? The hypothesis raised by the above question suggests that, on the one hand, the emphasis on a multilateral system based on international law has led to a common commitment between Chinese and European officials, and that, on the other hand, President Trump has chosen a strategy. Protectionism and withdrawal from trade agreements have emphasized that Europe's relations with Washington have largely cooled. The result of the transformation that has taken place is that the strengthening of Sino-EU relations has weakened EU-US relations. Manuscript profile
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  51 - Presenting a model to solve the challenges facing the participation of people and social institutionsIn the fight against environmental crimes
  Hasan Haji tabar Nima Parvaneh Maral Darbandi
  10.61186/ahrar.38616.2.4.122
  Environmental crises are taking on new dimensions every day. Crises related to ozone depletion, nuclear waste storage, industrial and chemical waste management, etc. can be seen around life. Environmental crimes are any type of current or current cracks that cause sever More

  Environmental crises are taking on new dimensions every day. Crises related to ozone depletion, nuclear waste storage, industrial and chemical waste management, etc. can be seen around life. Environmental crimes are any type of current or current cracks that cause severe damage to the environment and endanger human health. Environmental crimes against living components of the environment minus humans include all plant and animal organisms. For this reason, and with the uncontrolled increase of this type of serious environmental damage, it has led to the presentation of a model to combat environmental crimes. The statistical population of this article is about ١٣environmental activists in the country who have been interviewed in the form of an open article and at first the challenges of public participation and comprehensive institutions in the fight against environmental crimes Using factor analysis and pls software to determine the relationship between these factors to confirm, then the relationship of these challenges with environmental crimes in a ranking using the Friedman test and finally A model for influencing environmental crimes is presented with the participation of the public and government institutions. Manuscript profile
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  52 - A suitable strategy of regional planning in the 7th development plan with regard to territorial planning and institutional approach
  nima ranji
  The discourse of recent policies is often based on the dynamics of regional development. Because in growing societies, the axes of development and economy are intermingled. Also, paying attention to the field of planning and its processes has a direct relationship and i More

  The discourse of recent policies is often based on the dynamics of regional development. Because in growing societies, the axes of development and economy are intermingled. Also, paying attention to the field of planning and its processes has a direct relationship and influence on various elements and levels of society and its effects from the perspective of development and lack of development, homogeneous and heterogeneous development, benefit The prioritization of issues and problems, as well as the preservation, growth and competitiveness at the international and regional level are significant. By benefiting from the solutions available in the field of decentralized (regional) planning and its processes, it is possible to identify the weaknesses, strengths, threats, opportunities, and speed, as well as checking the consistency of the growth rate and the future of the 7th Development Plan, and by checking its convergence with the laws And high-level regulations can play a significant role for a country, province, and economic and industrial enterprises. Also, recent approaches in the theory of regional development attach great importance to the institutional approach and socio-economic construction of regions and (intra-regional differences), land preparation for balanced development. and has provided fair development and optimal use of development resources for the development of land areas. The results show that regional strategies need flexibility to maximize the development potential of institutional arrangements and adapt to changes within these arrangements, and while increasing the powers in accordance with the development plans of the province, it is necessary to develop a region not only with its physical resources, but also He also paid attention to its institutional sources, which include a set of practical economic rules and regulations based on economic culture and territorial customs. Based on the axes mentioned above and based on the knowledge and study done in each of these axes, the necessary strategies for regional management have been extracted and based on the strategies extracted from the analysis of the findings, regional planning with an institutional approach in The territory of the country is presented Manuscript profile
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  53 - Analysis of Innovation System Elements in Modernization and Industrial Growth in Iran, England and Denmark (Example of the 19th and 16th centuries AD)
  sayyed atollah sinaee abazar Ashtari Mehrjardi
  The path of modernization and growth of industrial technologies passes through the historical developments of countries, and in this sense, industrial growth is a complex process in which many factors play a role in its realization. Based on the historical experiences o More

  The path of modernization and growth of industrial technologies passes through the historical developments of countries, and in this sense, industrial growth is a complex process in which many factors play a role in its realization. Based on the historical experiences of societies, various theories have been presented regarding industrial development and growth that may emphasize aspects of this phenomenon. This research is based on the research project of Boras and Landvall, comparing the government functions and the historical experience of Iran, regarding the creation of the ball casting and metal melting industry and industrial modernization at the beginning of the 19th century with similar experiences of Cannon, Gun and Butter in two historical periods in England and Denmark and then examines the technology policy of these countries in the form of innovation system theories. The main question is that despite the factors of the innovation system in Iran's industrial modernization experience at the beginning of the 19th century and government measures in this regard, why did the industrial modernization program of Iran not succeed? This research is historical comparative in terms of development goal and in terms of institutional method, and its data was collected by library method. The results show that the lack of institutional evolution and the formation of a systematic interactive relationship between the elements of innovation caused Iran's industrial modernization program and technology policy did not succeed. Manuscript profile
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  54 - A suitable strategy of regional planning in the 7th development plan with regard to territorial planning and institutional approach
  نیمارنجی  جفرودی
  Abstract The discourse of recent policies is often based on the dynamics of regional development. Because in growing societies, the axes of development and economy are intermingled. Also, paying attention to the field of planning and its processes has a direct relation More

  Abstract The discourse of recent policies is often based on the dynamics of regional development. Because in growing societies, the axes of development and economy are intermingled. Also, paying attention to the field of planning and its processes has a direct relationship and influence on various elements and levels of society and its effects from the perspective of development and lack of development, homogeneous and heterogeneous development, benefit The prioritization of issues and problems, as well as the preservation, growth and competitiveness at the international and regional level are significant. By benefiting from the solutions available in the field of decentralized (regional) planning and its processes, it is possible to identify the weaknesses, strengths, threats, opportunities, and speed, as well as checking the consistency of the growth rate and the future of the 7th Development Plan, and by checking its convergence with the laws And high-level regulations can play a significant role for a country, province, and economic and industrial enterprises. Also, recent approaches in the theory of regional development attach great importance to the institutional approach and socio-economic construction of regions and (intra-regional differences), land preparation for balanced development. and has provided fair development and optimal use of development resources for the development of land areas. The results show that regional strategies need flexibility to maximize the development potential of institutional arrangements and adapt to changes within these arrangements, and while increasing the powers in accordance with the development plans of the province, it is necessary to develop a region not only with its physical resources, but also He also paid attention to its institutional sources, which include a set of practical economic rules and regulations based on economic culture and territorial customs. Based on the axes mentioned above and based on the knowledge and study done in each of these axes, the necessary strategies for regional management have been extracted and based on the strategies extracted from the analysis of the findings, regional planning with an institutional approach in The territory of the country is presented. Manuscript profile
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  55 - Presenting a model for changing the structure of audit institutions with an approach to professional ethics
  Hasan Saberi Mansoor Garkaz Ali Khozein alireza matoufi
  Although auditors may adhere to professional behavior to a certain extent, clear and continuous monitoring of auditors' behavior on the one hand and the existence of changes in the structures of auditing institutions on the other hand is important to maintain profession More

  Although auditors may adhere to professional behavior to a certain extent, clear and continuous monitoring of auditors' behavior on the one hand and the existence of changes in the structures of auditing institutions on the other hand is important to maintain professional ethics in order to control the quality of accounting work. It seems In this regard, the aim of the present study is to develop a model for changing the structure of audit institutions, focusing on the approach of professional ethics and quality control of audit work. The present study method is foundational data. The statistical population includes certified accountants, 11 of whom were selected as a statistical sample using the snowball method. Coding was done in three sections: open, central and selective coding. The results of the coding were categorized into six main categories, causal conditions, intervenors, strategy of actions, context and consequences. The requirements of environmental laws and organizational and individual barriers of institutions were placed in the category of background and context, and technical and developmental developments and the appointment and rewards of auditors in the category of intervening conditions, as well as the standardization of the structure of audit institutions and single organizational structures in the category of causal conditions. , operational policies of auditing institutions, skills and expertise of auditing institutions' members, and the needs and demands of auditing institutions' structures were placed in the category of actions and credibility of services in new structures, and adaptation to changes in new structures were placed in the category of consequences. It is hoped that the results of this study will be of great help to accounting institutions and people working in auditing institutions. Manuscript profile