• List of Articles Anxiety

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Comparison of the effects of maternal supportive care and Acupressure (at BL32 Acupoint) during labor on the mother’s anxiety level and Arterial oxygen pressure of the umbilical cord of infants (PO2)
        Zahra Masoudi Marziah AkbarZadeh Najaf Zare
        10.52547/.1.1.87
        Background: The amount of umbilical cord blood gas reflects the fetus’ metabolic status and is one of the main diagnostic criteria of birth asphyxia. The question is whether anxiety caused by labor pain of the mother affects asphyxia birth and umbilical cord blood gase More
        Background: The amount of umbilical cord blood gas reflects the fetus’ metabolic status and is one of the main diagnostic criteria of birth asphyxia. The question is whether anxiety caused by labor pain of the mother affects asphyxia birth and umbilical cord blood gases? Comparison of the effects of maternal supportive care and acupressure (BL32 acupoint) during labor on the mother’s anxiety level and Arterial oxygen pressure of the umbilical cord of infants (PO2). Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 150 pregnant women who were randomly assigned to two interventions and a control group in the delivery ward of the selected educational center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Shoushtari hospital). Mothers’ anxiety scores before (beginning of the active stage of labor) and after the intervention (the end of the first stage of labor) were measured using Spielberger’s questionnaire. then infants’ cord blood samples for arterial blood gas and hematologic analyses sent to the hospital’s laboratory. After all, the data with SPSS version16 and using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA, were analyzed. Results: The mean of anxiety score in the control group was 21.1% and in the support group and the acupressure group, decreased by 37.5% and 34.8% respectively (p<0.001). The mean of PO2 was also reported in maternal supportive, acupressure, and control groups, 40.4±8.8, 27.4±2.8, and 18.1±3.7, respectively. Additionally, a significant correlation was found between mothers’ anxiety scores after the intervention and the mean of PO2 (p=0.014). Conclusion: The supportive care and acupressure at BL32 acupoint reduced mothers’ anxiety and, consequently, improved fetal oxygenation. SO, the Support group was better than the acupressure group, but they were not statistically significant. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Anxiety and Political Action (Case Study: The Boy Students of Law and Political Science Faculty, University of Tehran)
        Aliapshraf Nazari Hanif  Amoozadeh Mahdiraji
        The impact of human emotions not only effect on their daily life, but also influence on political behavior. Hence, high ranked of mass people or politicians make decisions based on their emotions. It is not reasonable to believe that people`s reaction based on their log More
        The impact of human emotions not only effect on their daily life, but also influence on political behavior. Hence, high ranked of mass people or politicians make decisions based on their emotions. It is not reasonable to believe that people`s reaction based on their logical thinking. Some psychological factors such as anxiety (As an effective factor inside humans) could make people`s behaviors in their lifecycle. therefore, human`s political believes will also be affected by these motivators. In paper, this issue has recognized that anxiety has a dual effect on different levels of political behaviors. In one aspect, increase in anxiety will make direct effect on political behavior, and on the other hand, if anxiety breaks its red line, it will have decreasing effect on political behavior of society by motivating defensive mechanisms, and as a result society isolation and surveillance will appear. By using proper tools, defensive mechanisms could be controlled and political behavior of the society will turn back to its equilibrium point. Finally a dynamic system model has been described for this purpose. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Moderation and it's role in security’s Soul in Plato
         
        This study, in order to solve the problem of unrest and anxiety of modern man, leaning on Plato's views, shows that Including ways to gain the Psychological security is man’s persist on virtues that moderation is headed. Plato after drawing of human dignity in being as More
        This study, in order to solve the problem of unrest and anxiety of modern man, leaning on Plato's views, shows that Including ways to gain the Psychological security is man’s persist on virtues that moderation is headed. Plato after drawing of human dignity in being as rational’s being and based in network of Ideas kinship, analysis understanding’s folk of moderation and rethinking it. According to him, the public perception of the concept of moderation in the sense of self- control, in addition to inherent contradiction of its own and function only personal,lead to camouflage the real reason, because moderation is the result of the systematic and harmonious soul of the rule of the reason over force condemned achieved and thereby directed a person to stability in soul and immunity and resistance against all kinds of emotional and provides in this way comfort her.So according to Plato, inner peace is based on internal issue and always manifestation on order of soul. Accordingly, it can be said, the most important factor of unrest contemporary human is epistemological crisis of himself and his inner power. Therefore, to solve the crisis, should be reminds him divine nature of the soul and the ruling order of it, which is, formulated in the philosophy of Plato the virtue of moderation Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - The Effective Factors Model on Adoption of E-Learning System in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
        Hasan Rashidi Marzie  Movahedin
        10.52547/jstpi.20929.16.64.62
        With the advent of the Internet and Coronavirus outbreak, e-learning environments and web-based learning, there has been a considerable growth and development in recent months and years, but this type of education faces many challenges. The most important of these chall More
        With the advent of the Internet and Coronavirus outbreak, e-learning environments and web-based learning, there has been a considerable growth and development in recent months and years, but this type of education faces many challenges. The most important of these challenges are the use of learning patterns, modeling student behavior, evaluating student support and feedback, curriculum planning, sequencing, and teacher support. One way to deal with these challenges is to find effective factors on accepting and improving the quality of education in learning systems, discovering rules and educational patterns, and using them to predict future outcomes. The aim of this study is to identify factors affecting the adoption of e-learning, based on the technology acceptance model. For this purpose, studies in this area were investigated. Variables such as computer self-efficacy, quality of content, system support, user interface design, technology tools and computer anxiety as factors affecting adoption of e-learning system were extracted. According to them, the conceptual model of this research was developed. In order to evaluate the model and relationships between variables, a questionnaire was provided to the users of e-learning system in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. The results of data analysis by using structural equation modeling have approved authenticity of all hypotheses excluding the impact of technology tools on the acceptance of e-learning system. Findings of this research can help educational managers of university and related instructors with this system to encourage students making optimum use of the system by providing the necessary fields for the imposition of effective factors. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - The Moderating Role of Interal-External Locus of Control in the Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Social Anxiety in Adolescents
        Seyed Valliollah Mousavi Sajjad Rezaei Setareh Atefi Karajvandani Hamid Javanparast
        The present study aims to investigate the mediator role of locus of control in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety in adolescents. The statistical population included all male and female students of studying in state and non-state high More
        The present study aims to investigate the mediator role of locus of control in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety in adolescents. The statistical population included all male and female students of studying in state and non-state high schools in Rasht District 1 in the academic year 2015-16. In a cross-sectional cluster sampling selected 400 students and responded to Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A), Yang Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire and Rutter Locus of Control Scale. The collected data were analyzed by using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, Mediation hierarchical regression analysis with Baron and Kenny method. Pearson correlation analyses indicate a significant positive relationship between schemas of Disconnection/Rejection domain, Impaired Autonomy and/or Performance domain, Impaired Limits domain, Other-Directedness domain, Overvigilance/Inhibition domain and social anxiety, with values of 0.60, 0.55, 0.39, 0.54, 0.50 respectively. The results also revealed that this association, locus of control is not capable to modifying of the relationship between social anxiety and early maladaptive schemas (in any of domains). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - Compare the Effectiveness of Group Therapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Reducing Anxiety of Mothers of Autistic Children
        Javad Ejei Maryam Sayadshirazy Masoud Gholamali Lavasani Abdolrahim Kasaei Esfahani
        This study investigated the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment (ACT) compared with cognitive-behavior therapy on decreasing anxiety and increasing acceptance of mothers of autistic children. This study was quasi-experimental design with pr More
        This study investigated the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment (ACT) compared with cognitive-behavior therapy on decreasing anxiety and increasing acceptance of mothers of autistic children. This study was quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test with control group. The experimental groups were consisted of two groups based on acceptance and commitment group therapy (ACT) and cognitive- behavioral therapy (CBT) respectively. Both groups were received ten sessions treatment. 12 people were employed in the control group who were not treated. In order to evaluate the level of anxiety and acceptance, two questionnaires were used: Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II). Comparing treatment groups showed that between the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment with cognitive behavioral therapy on reducing maternal anxiety and promoting acceptance was not significantly different. However, the impact of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment in pre-test and follow-up was more than cognitive behavior therapy. Therefore, the current research and ACT provide empirical support for mothers with ASD children. Manuscript profile
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        7 - The Effect of Metacognition Processing on Brain Regional Activity with Regard to Anxiety and Impulsivity
        Mahnaz Shahgholian Parviz Azadfallah Ali Fathi-Ashtiani
        The aim of study was to examine the brain regional activity based on anxiety and impulsivity during meta-cognitive processing. Six hundred female students in Tarbiat Modares University completed the Meta-cognition Questionnaire, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire and Rev More
        The aim of study was to examine the brain regional activity based on anxiety and impulsivity during meta-cognitive processing. Six hundred female students in Tarbiat Modares University completed the Meta-cognition Questionnaire, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire and Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. According to scores in extraversion and neuroticism dimensions, 4 groups including Anx+, Anx-, Imp+ and Imp- (each group 15 subjects) were selected. EEG was recorded during 4 conditions including rest, performing the Stroop, performing the Wisconsin and performing the Attention Training Technique. The results showed that meta-cognitive processing in Anx- was better than Anx+. Better quality of meta-cognitive processing in Imp- than Imp+ was not shown. Other findings suggested that when meta-cognitive processing, Anx+ was higher than Anx- in the activity of right pre-frontal and frontal of both hemispheres, also Imp+ was higher in the activity of pre-frontal and frontal of both hemispheres than Imp-. In general, this study highlighted the role of executive functions in meta-cognitive processing, discusses the relationship among meta-cognitive processing, anxiety, impulsivity and brain regional activities. Manuscript profile
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        8 - Comparison of the Brain/Behavioral Systems and Defense Mechanisms in Participants with Depression and Anxiety Traits
        Marzie Pahlevan Mazandarani Parviz Azadfallah Seyyed Mojtaba Jazayeri
        In this research investigates the biological and non-biological dimensions of personality in order to differentiate depression and anxiety in a more exact way and present an integrative and comprehensive view of the two dimensions.
        In this research investigates the biological and non-biological dimensions of personality in order to differentiate depression and anxiety in a more exact way and present an integrative and comprehensive view of the two dimensions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - The Mediating Role of Resilient in Relationship between Death Anxiety and General Health in Iraqi Immigrant Adolescents are Affected with ISIS War
        Mansoureh Haj Hosseini Zhakaw Salim Ahmed Javad Ejei Zahra Naghsh
        The purpose of the current study was to investigate the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between death anxiety and general health. The method of this study was descriptive and in the framework of correlation of study of the path analysis. The populatio More
        The purpose of the current study was to investigate the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between death anxiety and general health. The method of this study was descriptive and in the framework of correlation of study of the path analysis. The population was all adolescents aged 14 to 18 year olds living in Iraqi-ISIS war refugee camps located in the Dibegh Erbil district of Kurdistan, Iraq in 2017, (520, N) and were selected by simple random sampling and 219 adolescents were selected. The participants responded to the Death Anxiety Scale (Templer, 1970), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) (Goldberg and Hiller, 1979), and Resilience Scale (Connor and Davidson 1979-1991). The data was analysed through a path analysis correlation. Results confirmed the negative relationship between EA and resilience, showing the favorable fit of the pattern of the relationship between death anxiety and general health anxiety and the mediating role of resilience among them. According to the results, due to resilience, death anxiety of adolescents affected by war can be reduced and steps can be taken in improving their general health. Manuscript profile
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        10 - Mediating Role of Mindfulness in the Relationship between Depression, Anxiety and Stress and Psychological Well-being
        Morteza Keshmiri Ali Fathi-Ashtiani Payvand Jalali
        The present study aimed at investigating the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress and psychological well-being. Current study is a descriptive study. A total of 198 (137 female and 61 male) participants completed the pape More
        The present study aimed at investigating the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress and psychological well-being. Current study is a descriptive study. A total of 198 (137 female and 61 male) participants completed the paper-and-pencil form of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale. The mediating role of mindfulness was explored using the PROCESS v3.0 plugin for SPSS. The results revealed that mindfulness significantly (p<0.01) mediated the relationship between 1) anxiety and total well-being, 2) anxiety and mastery as well as depression and master, and 3) all three independent variables and self-growth. Data also showed that, regarding some emotional disturbances (i.e., anxiety), trait mindfulness could prove similarly effective with both low and high emotionality, while with respect to other difficulties (i.e., depression) it will only foster psychological well-being when negative affectivity level is only low or moderate. Manuscript profile
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        11 - Structural relationship between sport mindfulness and emotion regulation strategies with athlets, competitive anxiety
        parvin amin nezhad Rasool Zeidabadi Laleh  Hamboshi Milad  khojasteh moghani
        The purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural relationships between sport mindfulness and competitive anxiety regarding mediating role of emotion regulation strategies. This research is descriptive and correlational. Two hundred volunteers from diff More
        The purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural relationships between sport mindfulness and competitive anxiety regarding mediating role of emotion regulation strategies. This research is descriptive and correlational. Two hundred volunteers from different athlete from different teams and individuals participated in this research. Three questionnaires including sports mindfulness (Thienot et al 2014), Cognitive Emotional regulation (Garnefski et al 2002) and Competitive Anxiety (Cox et al 2003) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed by the structural equation modeling method using Smart PLS 2.0 software. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between sports mindfulness with competitive anxiety of athletes. Also, the sport mindfulness through adaptive strategies of emotional regulation had a significant relationship with competitive anxiety of athletes. Overall, the findings of this study showed that special attention to the sport mindfulness is important. Because the sport mindfulness is not only directly, but indirectly could reduce the competitive anxiety of athletes by the increasing use of adaptive strategies of emotional regulation as a mediator variable. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        12 - The Role of Creating Flexible Patterns of Behavior through Value-Based Exposure in the Psychotherapy Process on Chronic Pain Reduction and Clinical Syndrome in Patients with Systemic Lupus
        Ali Mohammad  Rezaei Sharifi Tayyebeh Ahmad Ghazanfari Elham  aflaki Mohammad jafar  bahre dar
        The purpose of the present study was to The Role of Creating Flexible Patterns of Behavior through Value-Based Exposure in the Psychotherapy Process on Chronic Pain Reduction and Clinical Syndrome in Patients with Systemic Lupus. The research method was quasi-experiment More
        The purpose of the present study was to The Role of Creating Flexible Patterns of Behavior through Value-Based Exposure in the Psychotherapy Process on Chronic Pain Reduction and Clinical Syndrome in Patients with Systemic Lupus. The research method was quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest) with a 3-month follow-up period and a control group. For this purpose, 60 subjects were selected based on inclusion criteria and were selected by purposeful sampling in two intervention groups: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (20 patients), Compassionate Focus (20 patients) and Control (20 patients). To collect data, the Zong Anxiety Inventory (SAS) and Chronic Pain Questionnaire were used. Analysis of variance was performed by repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the intervention and acceptance-based intervention and compassion-focused intervention in chronic anxiety and pain and the control group in pre-test and post-test scores (P <0.001). Overall, the results of this study show that acceptance-based and commitment-based and compassion-based treatment modalities reduce anxiety and chronic pain in lupus patients. Manuscript profile
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        13 - model of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder
        masumeh shafiei فاطمه رضایی Massoud Sadeghi
        The aim of this study was to develop a model of of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder. .The present study is a correlation of structural equation modeling, The statistical population included 415 in More
        The aim of this study was to develop a model of of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder. .The present study is a correlation of structural equation modeling, The statistical population included 415 individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder The statistical population of the study included 415 individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. And questionnaires Neuroticism, interpersonal problems, Contrast Avoidance of Worry and generalized anxiety were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation and structural equation And wereanalyzed using AMOS and SPSS software. the results showed that The proposed model fits well. In this model, neuroticism, interpersonal problems, and Contrast Avoidance of Worry had a direct and significant effect on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. But Childhood Trauma and Emotional Contrast Avoidance did not have a direct and significant effect on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Interpersonal problems and Contrast Avoidance of Worry also significantly mediated between neuroticism and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and Interpersonal problems and Contrast Avoidance of Worry significantly mediated between childhood trauma and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. According to the research findings, the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder are affected by childhood trauma, neuroticism, interpersonal problems, and Contrast Avoidance of Worry. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        14 - Structural Relationship between Sport Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation Strategies with Athlets' Competitive Anxiety
        Parvin Aminnezhad Rasool Zeidabadi Laleh Hamboshi Milad Khojasteh
        The purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural relationship between sport mindfulness and competitive anxiety, and the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies. The method of this research was descriptive and correlational. Two hundred volunte More
        The purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural relationship between sport mindfulness and competitive anxiety, and the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies. The method of this research was descriptive and correlational. Two hundred volunteers from different teams participated in this research. Sports Mindfulness Questionnaire (Thienot et al 2014), Cognitive Emotional Regulation Strategies Questionnaire (Garnefski et al 2002) and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (Cox et al 2003) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method using Smart PLS 2.0 software. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between sports mindfulness and competitive anxiety. Also, the sport mindfulness through adaptive strategies of emotional regulation had a significant relationship with competitive anxiety of athletes. Overall, the findings of this study showed that special attention to the sport mindfulness is important, because the sport mindfulness is not only directly, but also indirectly could reduce the competitive anxiety of athletes by increasing the use of adaptive strategies of emotional regulation as a mediator variable. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        15 - The Role of Creating Flexible Patterns of Behavior through Value-Based Exposure in the Psychotherapy Process
        Ali Mohammad  Rezaei Sharifi Tayyebeh Ahmad Ghazanfari Elham  aflaki Mohammad jafar  bahre dar
        The aim of the present study was to establish flexible patterns of behavior through value-oriented exposure in the psychotherapeutic process to the reduction of chronic pain and clinical symptoms in patients with systemic lupus. The present research method was quasi-exp More
        The aim of the present study was to establish flexible patterns of behavior through value-oriented exposure in the psychotherapeutic process to the reduction of chronic pain and clinical symptoms in patients with systemic lupus. The present research method was quasi-experimental (pre-test-post-test) with a three-month follow-up period and a control group. For this purpose, 60 subjects were selected based on the criteria for entering the study and were assigned by available sampling method in two groups of treatment based on acceptance and commitment (20 people), treatment focused on compassion (20 people) and one control group (20 people). Zong SAS Anxiety Questionnaire and Chronic Pain Questionnaire were used to collect information. To analyze the findings, the variance analysis method was used with repeated measurement and non-parametric follow-up tests of Bonfroni, Kalmograf-Smirnov and Krovit Machli. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two intervention groups of treatment based on acceptance and commitment and treatment focused on compassion on anxiety and chronic pain and the control group on pre-test-post-test scores (p <0.001). Overall, the results of this study show that treatment based on acceptance and commitment and compassion-focused therapy has an effect on reducing anxiety and chronic pain in lupus patients. Manuscript profile
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        16 - Model of Contrast Avoidance of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in People with Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
        Masumeh Shafiei فاطمه رضایی Masoud  Sadeghi
        The aim of this study was to develop a model of of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder. .The present study is a correlation of structural equation modeling, The statistical population included 457 in More
        The aim of this study was to develop a model of of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder. .The present study is a correlation of structural equation modeling, The statistical population included 457 individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. And questionnaires Neuroticism, interpersonal problems, Contrast Avoidance of Worry and generalized anxiety were used. Data were analyzed using structural equation And were analyzed using AMOS and SPSS software. the results showed that The proposed model fits well. In this model, neuroticism, interpersonal problems, and Contrast Avoidance of Worry had a direct and significant effect on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. But Childhood Trauma and Emotional Contrast Avoidance did not have a direct and significant effect on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Interpersonal problems and Contrast Avoidance of Worry also significantly mediated between neuroticism and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and Interpersonal problems and Contrast Avoidance of Worry significantly mediated between childhood trauma and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. According to the research findings, the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder are affected by childhood trauma, neuroticism, interpersonal problems, and Contrast Avoidance of Worry. Manuscript profile
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        17 - Comparing the implicit and explicit associations of depression, anxiety and food attitudes in people with eating disorders and healthy people
        susan alizadeh fard maryam zalizadeh Ahmad علیپور
        Eating disorder is a complex psychiatric illness that is chronic and debilitating. In recent decades, the cognitive model of eating disorders has been at the forefront of theorizing, research, and treatment. New research uses two distinct theoretical models for explicit More
        Eating disorder is a complex psychiatric illness that is chronic and debilitating. In recent decades, the cognitive model of eating disorders has been at the forefront of theorizing, research, and treatment. New research uses two distinct theoretical models for explicit and implicit information processing and evaluation. The aim of the present study was to compare the implicit and explicit associations of depression, anxiety and food attitudes in people with eating disorders and healthy people. The method of study is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population includes people with eating disorders in Tehran who have referred to medical and counseling centers in the first six months of 1399. The sampling method was cluster accessible and purposeful. The sample size was 300 people who were examined with SCL-90 questionnaires, Ahvaz Eating Disorder Inventory (Sharififard, 1998), Food Attitude Scale (Teachman et al., 2003) and computer-based task of implicit association test (Greenwald et al., 1998). Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance, which showed there is a significant difference between people with eating disorders and healthy people in explicit and implicit association of depression, in implicit association of anxiety, and in explicit association of eating attitudes. The results of regression analysis also showed that only explicit and implicit association of depression, and implicit association of anxiety can significantly predict eating disorder. These results confirm the role of implicit and explicit associations in the clinical field; and helps to better understand eating disorder, to be considered in the development of educational programs and psychological interventions. Manuscript profile
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        18 - Normalization of the Cognitive Questionnaire about Body and Health (cabah)
        فریده نرگسی farzad zandi alireza mokhberi maryam khadirzare
        Dysfunctional beliefs about illness and physical symptoms have been identified as risk factors for health anxiety. The Body and Health Cognitions Questionnaire (CABAH) is one of the most comprehensive tools for measuring health cognition. The aim of this study was to st More
        Dysfunctional beliefs about illness and physical symptoms have been identified as risk factors for health anxiety. The Body and Health Cognitions Questionnaire (CABAH) is one of the most comprehensive tools for measuring health cognition. The aim of this study was to standardize Questionnaire 30 of this questionnaire in Iran. The number of samples in this study included 869 male and female students with health anxiety in Sanandaj Azad University, Kurdistan University and Khorramabad University of Medical Sciences who were selected by convenience sampling. Were evaluated. The validity of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method and the construct validity was obtained by confirmatory factor analysis using Lizrel software. The Cronbach's alpha value of the whole questionnaire is 0.80, which indicates the appropriate internal consistency of the questionnaire. Also, the correlation between two parallel forms in the halving test for the CABAH questionnaire was 0.61, which is also acceptable. Therefore, in general, it can be said that the CABAH questionnaire has good reliability and can be used as a valid tool. Manuscript profile
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        19 - The Relationship between Anxiety Sensitivity and Metacognitive Beliefs with Test Anxiety in Student
        sajad taherzade alihasan azizpourian zeynab shakehnia
        The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Anxiety sensitivity and Metacognitive beliefs with Test Anxiety among students of Ilam Bakhtar University. The research method in this study is descriptive of correlation. The statistical population of th More
        The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Anxiety sensitivity and Metacognitive beliefs with Test Anxiety among students of Ilam Bakhtar University. The research method in this study is descriptive of correlation. The statistical population of this study includes all students of Ilam Bakhtar University that are studying in (1399-1400). Their number is (750). The sample of this study is 256 based on G Power. Students were selected available sampling method. To collect the data, Metacognitive Beliefs Questionnaire (MCQ-30), (Wells & Cartwright-hatton, 2004), Anxiety sensitivity Questionnaire (ASI-R), (Taylor and Cox, 1998) and Test Anxiety Questionnaire (Spilberger, 1980) were used. Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that there is a significant positive relationship between all components of metacognitive beliefs inclouding worry, concerns about uncontrollability and danger,cognitive confidence, need to control thoughts, cognitive self-awareness with test anxiety. Also, There is a significant relationship between anxiety sensitivity and test anxiety in students of Ilam Bakhtar University (r=0.57). Also, the average of regression is significant and the metacognitive beliefs and anxiety sensitivity together can predict 42% of test anxiety. Therefore, it can be conclude that metacognitive beliefs and anxiety sensitivity are important variables in students' test anxiety and the amount of test anxiety increases with increasing anxiety sensitivity and uncontrollability and danger. Manuscript profile
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        20 - The effect of Test Anxiety management training on Mindfulness, Psychological flexibility and Resilience in students with Test Anxiety
        saeideh zahed neda nezhadhamdy mehdi arabzadeh reyhane rahimi Fereshteh Cheraghi
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of test anxiety management training on the mindfulness, psychological flexibility and resilience in students with test anxiety. The design of this study was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and control gr More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of test anxiety management training on the mindfulness, psychological flexibility and resilience in students with test anxiety. The design of this study was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group, and the population of the study included all female high school students in Rasht in the academic year of 2019-2020, who after performing a diagnostic test in order to identify students with test anxiety, the 34 participants were assigned randomly in control and experimental groups of 17. Test Anxiety Questionnaire, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, psychological flexibility questionnaire and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were completed, as the pre-test, by both groups, and after nine test anxiety training sessions, were given again to the groups, as the post-test. The data were analyzed by one-way ANCOVA. The results indicated that test anxiety training is effective to improve psychological flexibility and resilience, but no significant effect was observed on mindfulness. These findings have implicit applications for teachers and educators. Manuscript profile
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        21 - Predicting Academic Performance in English Language Based on the Components of English Language Classroom Anxiety
        Ramazan Hassanzadeh
        : The present study was aimed to investigate predicting academic performance in English language, based on the components of Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale among Babol’s female senior high school students. The research was done using descriptive (correlational More
        : The present study was aimed to investigate predicting academic performance in English language, based on the components of Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale among Babol’s female senior high school students. The research was done using descriptive (correlational) method. 285 female students were selected through random cluster sampling as the research sample. The Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS), and students’ first semester scores in English as the measure for academic achievement were used. The results of the study revealed there were negative significant relationships between the components of English Language Classroom Anxiety Scale and academic achievement in English language. The results of regression analysis show that fear of negative evaluation; negative attitudes toward the English class, and Comm-unication apprehension can predict %60 of the academic achievement in English language. Manuscript profile
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        22 - Comparative Effectiveness of Meta-Cognitive Therapy (MCT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on Decreasing Anxiety and Worry of individuals with Generalized Anxiety Disorder
        mina  Mojtabaei
        The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and metacognitive therapy (MCT) on reducing anxiety and worry in persons with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The sample consisted of 25 persons with GAD who were randomly as More
        The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and metacognitive therapy (MCT) on reducing anxiety and worry in persons with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The sample consisted of 25 persons with GAD who were randomly assigned to two groups: CBT and MCT. The MCT manual for anxiety has 10 ses-sions and the CBT manual for anxiety has 9 sessions. In this study the participants received 45-60 minutes individual therapy sessions twice per week. They also completed Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Pennsylvania State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) pre-test and post-test. The results indicated that metacognitive therapy was more effective than cognitive behavior the-rapy in decreasing anxiety and worry (P<0.05); However, compared to cognitive behavioral the -rapy, metacognitive therapy, was clinically more effective in reducing worry only. Manuscript profile
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        23 - Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children with Comorbid Anxiety and Depressive Disorders: A Case Study
        Firouzeh  Zarghami Mohammad Reza   Shaeiri Zahra   Shahrivar
        The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the initial efficacy of the new unified protocol of transdiagnostic treatment for children with emotional disorders (UP-C) on reducing symptoms of anxiety disorders and comorbid depression in Iranian children aged 8 to 11 More
        The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the initial efficacy of the new unified protocol of transdiagnostic treatment for children with emotional disorders (UP-C) on reducing symptoms of anxiety disorders and comorbid depression in Iranian children aged 8 to 11 years. In this study, a 15-session UP-C within a single-case experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up was conducted on a 9-year-old child with separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder (as comorbid disorder). To collect data, Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizo-phrenia- Present and Lifetime Version (K SADS-PL), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) and, Children Depression Invento-ry (CDI) were used. Results of graph-chart analysis and percentage change index showed that at the end of treatment and one-month follow-up period, there were significant statistical and clinical changes in both anxiety disorders and depression disorder (as comorbid disorder). Manuscript profile
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        24 - Qualitative Study of Emotional Disorders’ Symptoms in Some Ethnic Groups in Iran
        Mostafa  Zarean Shahriar  Shahidi Fons  van de Vijver Mohsen  Dehghani
        The present study aimed to investigate the cultural dimensions of anxiety and depression in Azeri, Kurd, and Fars (Persian) ethnic groups in Iran. In a cross sectional qualitative design, 44 individuals with emotional problems participated in an in-depth interview inclu More
        The present study aimed to investigate the cultural dimensions of anxiety and depression in Azeri, Kurd, and Fars (Persian) ethnic groups in Iran. In a cross sectional qualitative design, 44 individuals with emotional problems participated in an in-depth interview including perceptions of emotional disorders, their causal factors, and help seeking behaviors. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Primary findings represented relative similarity between these three groups in the reported themes, which could be summarized in three main themes, namely negative emotionality, somatization, and maladaptive cognition. Perceived etiological factors for emotional disorders included more psycho-logical processes rather than social and environmental components. The extracted themes consisted of a heterogeneous set of psychological constructs, and provided further evidence to reiterate the importance of contextual variables such as culture and ethnicity in assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of emotional disorders. Manuscript profile
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        25 - Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Interventions on test anxiety reduction
        Habib Amani دکتر رامین حبیبی کلیبر abolfazl Farid Syavash Sheykhalizadeh
        Test anxiety is one of the most prevalent problems that students encounter in their studies and affects their academic performance. Over the previous decades, researchers to reduce test anxiety have used various therapy interventions. The purpose of the present study wa More
        Test anxiety is one of the most prevalent problems that students encounter in their studies and affects their academic performance. Over the previous decades, researchers to reduce test anxiety have used various therapy interventions. The purpose of the present study was to perform a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of therapy methods in reducing test anxiety of students. The method of the present research was a meta-analysis. The research instrument was a checklist of meta-analysis The statistical population includes available research related to test anxiety between the years of 2009 to 2019, and their report was published. According to the marked entry and exit criteria for the initial research, 100 effect sizes of 75 research were obtained which remained 49 effects after sensitivity analysis. The results showed that behavioral (ES=-1/858), cognitive (ES=-1/860); metacognitive (ES=-1/784) and cognitive-behavioral (ES=-1/985) methods are effective in reducing test anxiety. In addition, Interventions were more effective in reducing test anxiety in girls (ES=-1/952) and collage-students (ES=-2/096). The results of this study can guide researchers and therapists in the field of test anxiety. The results of this study show that effectiveness therapy interventions are in reducing test anxiety but cognitive-behavioral intervention was found to be more effective than other interventions. In addition, Interven-tions had a significant impact on college students. These results can guide researchers and therapists in the field of anxiety test. Manuscript profile
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        26 - Investigating the origins and ways to overcome dignity anxiety In the novel "Ketab-e Kham (Book of Bending)" by Alireza Seif al-Dini
        ayoob moradi Ali  Jamshidi
        The need to be seen, affirmed, and recognized as successful human are emerging needs that have emerged as a result of material and technological advances in the modern age. Needs that, if left unmet, can lead to destructive anxiety. Contemporary philosopher Alain de Bot More
        The need to be seen, affirmed, and recognized as successful human are emerging needs that have emerged as a result of material and technological advances in the modern age. Needs that, if left unmet, can lead to destructive anxiety. Contemporary philosopher Alain de Botton categorizes these anxieties as "dignity anxiety" and describes the causes and ways to deal with them. The idea put forward by Alain de Botton, was soon noticed by the authors, and numerous works in various artistic formats were created on this subject. Alireza Seif al-Dini's novel "Ketab-e Kham (Book of Bending)" is one of these works in which the author deals with the tumultuous life of a man who steps on his ideals in order to overcome the anxiety of dignity and to be recognized as a powerful husband and father. The present study, which has been written with a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to analyze the regressive process of his life while describing the backgrounds of the mentioned anxiety in the main character of the story. The results show that factors such as the importance of well-being and material development, changing the criteria for valuing poverty and wealth and the effectiveness of the offspring, along with fear of looking weak by the spouse and fear of not fulfilling paternal duties properly, cause anxiety in the person. The anxiety that the mentioned character seeks a way out of by paying attention to philosophy, art, the religious doctrine of death and the bohemian lifestyle. Manuscript profile
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        27 - Mullā Ṣadrā’s Strategies for Reducing Death Anxiety and its Philosophical Principles
        Manouchehr Shaminezhad Hossein Atrak Mohsen Jahed
        The present study investigates Mullā Ṣadrā’s strategies for treating death anxiety and its philosophical foundations. It also aims to suggest some philosophical and ontological strategies to decrease modern Man’s anxiety when thinking about death based on some of Mullā More
        The present study investigates Mullā Ṣadrā’s strategies for treating death anxiety and its philosophical foundations. It also aims to suggest some philosophical and ontological strategies to decrease modern Man’s anxiety when thinking about death based on some of Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophical principles, such as the principiality of existence, the union of the intellect with intelligible, the trans-substantial motion, theism, religiosity, and believing in the Hereafter. According to Sadrian philosophy, Man’s life is meaningful and purposeful, and being has been created based on divine emanation. The human soul is corporeally-originated; however, its essence changes because of its union with the intelligible and its own trans-substantial motion and attains higher levels of being though going through different existential grades. This developmental move continues until reaching the origin of being and does not end with death. It also grants meaning to Man’s life and decreases their death anxiety. Mullā Ṣadrā is an existential philosopher who advocates a supernaturalist, theistic, and procedural approach to death. The reality of death in Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophy is a part of Man’s process of existential development. Some of the strategies that can be inferred from his philosophy to reduce death anxiety include following a teleological approach to the world, being’s view of God as pure connection, believing in the Hereafter and Man’s resurrection after corporeal death, advocating ontological evolution, and having a developmental view of death. Manuscript profile
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        28 - Behavior Therapy in Light of Quranic Teachings, with an Emphasis on Anxiety and Depression
        Lyla Borzoo
        Humankind is exposed to tensions, failures, and stress throughout his or her life. An individual can overcome the consequences of anxiety and depression through paying attention to Islamic teachings, including fulfillment of duties as a servant of God, as well as throug More
        Humankind is exposed to tensions, failures, and stress throughout his or her life. An individual can overcome the consequences of anxiety and depression through paying attention to Islamic teachings, including fulfillment of duties as a servant of God, as well as through teachings conforming to Fitrat (nature), Tawakkul (putting one’s trust in God), Zikr (prayers), practice, and learning ways for self-improvement. He or she is always facing stress resulting from the difference between their needs and their inability to meet those needs as well as from obstacles and limitations in the environment. He or she is constantly facing tension for having demands that cannot be fulfilled. Hence, understanding the factors behind creation of anxiety and depression is important as these affect one’s health. This paper, using the analytical method of research and benefiting from the teachings of the Quran describes tries o clarify the treatment aspects of anxiety and depression and seeks to offer a Quranic teaching for removing every factor that has a role in causing anxiety and depression. Some Quranic premises can be viewed as psychological theories about behavioral errors (that cause anxiety and depression) and acting upon these premises can be effective in preventing and curing common psychological disorders. Manuscript profile
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        29 - A Comparative Study on Effectiveness of Logotherapy with Acceptance & Commitment Therapy on Death Anxiety and Quality of Life in Women with Breast Surgery Experience
        Narges  Shamsozan Nasrin  Kashefimehr hadi AkbariNejhad
        The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of logotherapy with acceptance & commitment therapy on death anxiety and quality of life in women with breast surgery experience.This was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest, controlled design with More
        The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of logotherapy with acceptance & commitment therapy on death anxiety and quality of life in women with breast surgery experience.This was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest, controlled design with follow-up. The study population consisted of all women with breast cancer who were undergoing postmastectomy radiotherapy in Tabriz in 2021. In total, 45 women were selected by a purposive sampling method, and divided into three groups, 15 each. The ntervention groups received their respective treatments over 8 sessions of 1.5 hours. The control group did not receive any intervention. The measuring instruments were Templer death anxiety and quality of life questionnaires. Data were analyzed with repeated-measures analysis of variance. The results showed that logotherapy and a acceptance & commitment therapy in comparison with the control group, in the post-test, reduce death anxiety and increase quality of life of women with breast surgery experience, and these results also show a lasting effect in the follow-up stage. Also, these results also show a lasting effect in the follow-up stage. The results also showed that the effect of these two treatments on death anxiety and quality of life in the post-test and follow-up stages were not different. Logotherapy and acceptance & commitment therapy Reduces the death anxiety and increases the quality of life in women with breast surgery experience. Manuscript profile
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        30 - Design and test a model of personality relationship with corona dissease anxiety mediated by perceived stress and self-efficacy in adolescents
        Elahe Aslami Farzaneh  Khani Mehrabadi Azam  Tadayon
        This study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits and Corona disease anxiety by the mediating effect of perceived stress and self-efficacy among adolescents. Method: In this descriptive correlational study, the statistical population comprised More
        This study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits and Corona disease anxiety by the mediating effect of perceived stress and self-efficacy among adolescents. Method: In this descriptive correlational study, the statistical population comprised high-school students in Abarkooh (Iran), of whom 318 were selected via random cluster sampling. The Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (Alipour et al. 2019), the five-factor NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992), The Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al. 1983), and The Self-Efficacy Scale (Sherer et al. 1982) were employed. The proposed model was evaluated by path analysis in AMOS and SPSS. Resalts: The results of direct hypotheses showed that agreeableness, conscientiousness and self-efficacy had a negative and inverse effect and perceived stress had a positive and direct effect on Corona disease anxiety. The results of the study of indirect hypotheses showed that conscientiousness had an indirect and inverse effect on corona disease anxiety mediated by stress and self-efficacy, and neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness had an indirect effect on corona disease anxiety through perceived stress. Conclusion: Therefore, it is possible to reduce the level of corona disease anxiety in adolescents by strengthening self-efficacy as a coping resource and teaching stress management to adolescents and their effect on neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness, and use the obtained results in therapeutic interventions. Manuscript profile
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        31 - The Relationship between the Personal Values and Death Anxiety among MS Patients
        Omid Hamidi masoud gholamali lavasani
        The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between the personal values, and death anxiety among MS patients in Tehran. For this purpose 167 patients (103 female, 64 male) from the Tehran MS Society were selected by random sampling. The instruments used More
        The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between the personal values, and death anxiety among MS patients in Tehran. For this purpose 167 patients (103 female, 64 male) from the Tehran MS Society were selected by random sampling. The instruments used in this study were the Schwartz Value Scale (SVS) and the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS). Multivariable regression, Pearson correlation coefficient, and t-test for comparisons between female and male patients were used for data analysis. The results showed that there are significant correlation between personal values and death anxiety and there are significant negative correlations between all subscales of personal values (except for power) with death anxiety. In the prioritization of values, there are significant differences between men and women. Also from the morphological values, conformity, achievement, universalism, and tradition can significantly predict death anxiety. Manuscript profile
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        32 - Investigating the effect of anxiety on the academic progress of first year elementary school students of Shahid Eftekhari School in Yasouj
        Waliullah  Salehi Dehnu Maherkhsar   Safai Farida  Arjamand Golrokh   Hadipur
        The purpose of the present study was to investigate the epidemiology of stress, anxiety and depression in elementary school students of Shahid Eftekhari School in Yasouj. In this research, 605 students (264 girls and 341 boys) aged 14 to 19 from all grades of primary sc More
        The purpose of the present study was to investigate the epidemiology of stress, anxiety and depression in elementary school students of Shahid Eftekhari School in Yasouj. In this research, 605 students (264 girls and 341 boys) aged 14 to 19 from all grades of primary school in Yasouj city participated. To collect information, three tests, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Kettle Anxiety Scale and Children's Depression Scale (CDS-A) were used. Because the PSS and CDS-A tests did not have Iranian standards, these tests were also validated using the obtained data. The reliability obtained for PSS was 0.76 by dividing Spearman-Brown and 0.77 using Cronbach's alpha, and 0.90 and 0.89 for CDS-A, respectively. Then, to determine the validity of these two tests, the correlation of each item with the total of each test was taken, which were significant at the P<0.001 level. Factor analysis was also used and the examination of the items that had the highest load on each of the items showed that the items of these two tests have good discriminating power and are reliable for measuring the desired goals. Epidemiological results show that the prevalence of stress is 9.1% in boys and 22% in girls, and 14.7% in the total sample, where the prevalence of girls is 2.5 times that of boys. In relation to anxiety, the prevalence was investigated in three levels: hidden, overt and general. In this case, hidden anxiety was 10.3% in boys and 13.6% in the whole sample. Overt anxiety was 7% in boys and 13.4% in the whole sample, and general anxiety was 11.1% in boys and 23.5% in girls and 16.5% in the whole sample. Here too, the prevalence of girls was higher than boys in all three levels (hidden 1.7 times that of boys, overt 3 times and overall 1.2 times that of boys). The prevalence of depression was 8.5% in boys and 24.2% in girls and 15.4% in the whole sample. This rate shows that girls are more affected than boys and this rate is 2.8 times. Manuscript profile
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        33 - The Mediating Role of Self-compassion in the Relationship Between Self-concept and Body Image and Social Anxiety in Female Students of Isfahan University of Technology
        Behnoush Harouni hassan khoshakhlagh
        Social anxiety disorder refers to an overt and persistent fear of social or functional situations. Self-concept can play a significant role in explaining social anxiety. This study aimed to determine the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between self More
        Social anxiety disorder refers to an overt and persistent fear of social or functional situations. Self-concept can play a significant role in explaining social anxiety. This study aimed to determine the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between self-concept and social anxiety of female students of the Isfahan University of Technology. The present study indicated a correlation scheme and the method of structural equations was used based on the partial least squares approach. A sample of 300 female students from the Isfahan University of Technology was selected by voluntary sampling method. The Nef Self-Compassion Scale, Beck, et al.'s (1990) Self-Esteem Scale, and Connor et al.'s (2000) Social Anxiety Inventory were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25 and AMOS version 22. The results showed that compassion reduces social anxiety by 22.3% of the path between self-concept and social anxiety. In addition, self-compassion has a minor mediating role in the relationship between self-concept and social anxiety (p <0.05). Self-compassion has a minor mediating role in the social anxiety of female students (p <0.05). Self-concept has a negative effect on students' social anxiety (p <0.05). Finally, the importance of self-concept in explaining social anxiety and self-compassion has a mediating role between self-concept and social anxiety. Manuscript profile
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        34 - The Mediating Role of Psychological Distress in the Relationship between Inferential Confusion and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms
        Zahra Khosravi Roubiat Mahmoud  Najafi
        The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress) in the relationship between inferential confusion and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The research method was descriptive-correlational (path More
        The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress) in the relationship between inferential confusion and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The research method was descriptive-correlational (path analysis) and the statistical population of the study was all Social network users (between 20 to 50 years old) in mashhad in year 2022. Using the available sampling method, 345 subjects participated in the research through an online survey. The instruments used in this study include Obsessive-Compulsive Insentory-Revised (OCI-R), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Inferential Confusion Questionnaire (ICQ-EV). Data analysis done through Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis. The findings showed that inferential confusion has a direct and significant relationship with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Also, psychological distress had a mediating role in the relationship between inferential confusion and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and the model has a good fit. According to the research results and the mediating role of psychological distress in the relationship between inferential confusion and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, In condition of high psychological distress, the relation of inferential confusion with obsessive-compulsive symptoms is stronger than when the components of depression, anxiety and stress are low. Also, planning to reduce psychological distress can be effective in reducing the effect of inferential confusion on obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Manuscript profile
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        35 - The mediating role of metacognitive beliefs in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity, responsibility and obsessive-compulsive symptoms
        Morteza Aghaeimazraji Mahmoud  Najafi Mina Shirmohammadali
        The purpose of this research was to determine the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs between anxiety sensitivity, responsibility and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the general population living in Tehran. The descriptive research method was correlation type (path More
        The purpose of this research was to determine the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs between anxiety sensitivity, responsibility and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the general population living in Tehran. The descriptive research method was correlation type (path analysis). 300 people from among the general population living in Tehran city were selected through an internet call, according to the entry criteria in the accessible sampling method. The tools used in this research include the Revised Obsession Scale (OCI-R); (Foua et al., 2002), Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory (ASI) (Rice et al., 1986), Responsibility Attitude Scale (RAS); (Salkovskis et al., 2000) and metacognitive beliefs questionnaire (MCQ-30); (Wells, 1997). The data showed that anxiety sensitivity and responsibility have a direct and significant relationship with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and metacognitive beliefs have a mediating role in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and responsibility with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and the indirect effect of metacognitive beliefs in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity, Responsibility and obsessive-compulsive symptoms were significant.In general it can be concluded that anxiety sensitivity and responsibility can cause the emergence and continuation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms by increasing metacognitive beliefs. According to the research results and the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs in relation to obsessive-compulsive symptoms, planning to improve people's education in the field of anxiety sensitivity and responsibility can play an important role in reducing obsessive-compulsive symptoms through metacognitive beliefs. Manuscript profile
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        36 - Comparison of body image, rumination, and social anxiety in people with sexual boredom and normal people
        seyyede mahsa mousavi seyfollah Aghajani Sahar  Asgari ghale bin
        Introduction: People suffering from gender boredom obviously suffer from constant discomfort due to the inadequacy of the gender role and current feelings, abundant and continuous interest in identifying with the opposite sex without taking advantage of the specific cul More
        Introduction: People suffering from gender boredom obviously suffer from constant discomfort due to the inadequacy of the gender role and current feelings, abundant and continuous interest in identifying with the opposite sex without taking advantage of the specific cultural and social benefits of that sex. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparingto compare body image, rumination, and social anxiety in people suffering from sexual boredom and normal people. Method: The current research was descriptive and causal-comparative. The statistical population included all people with gender dysphoria and trans-sexual members of the support association for sexual dysphoria patients in Tehran province. All normal people living in Tehran province were the normal people of in this study. The number of 50 affected people and 50 normal people were selected according to the available methods. the body image concern questionnaires of Littleton et al. (2005), rumination by Nolen Hoeksma and Maro (1991), and social anxiety by Connor (2000) were used tTo collect data, the body image concern questionnaires of Littleton et al. (2005), rumination by Nolen Hoeksma and Maro (1991) and social anxiety by Connor (2000) were used. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance inand SPSS24 software. Findings: The results showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups in body image concern (F=90.46 and P<0.01), rumination (F=115.01 and P<0.01), and social anxiety. (F=87.95 and P>0.01). Conclusion: based on the results,The results showed that people with gender boredom have lower body image and higher rumination and social anxiety than non-sufferers. Changing cultural beliefs and increasing social acceptance can play an important role in improving body image, rumination, and social anxiety. Manuscript profile
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        37 - Evaluation of effective criteria on reducing anxiety in the design of dental clinics
        Bita Samanipour maryam dastgheib parsa Kimia Sadat  Tabibzadeh
        <p>Attending the dental office and being on the unit for examination is not so easy and relaxing. One of the problems that causes people not to go to the dentist on time is fear and anxiety. this research was conducted with the aimed of evaluating the effective criteria More
        <p>Attending the dental office and being on the unit for examination is not so easy and relaxing. One of the problems that causes people not to go to the dentist on time is fear and anxiety. this research was conducted with the aimed of evaluating the effective criteria for reducing anxiety in design of dental clinics. Therefore, a comparative - comparative method was used to conduct the research and the required information was also collected using library and document methods in order to identify and categorize the factors affecting anxiety reduction in dental clinics and after that, according to these components, a few samples of dental clinics were examined and analyzed in the forms of tables and graphs in the article, and the components of each case sample were studied and investigated separately to achieve the purpose of the research. The results of the data show that environmental factors such as light, color, form and furniture have a greater effect than human factors such as the appropriate design of the entrance, legibility and access and creating integration between the interior and exterior spaces, on reducing anxiety in the design of dental clinics. The amount of this effect in natural factors such as the presence of atrium and green apace, yard design according to the climate, noise control with light music and interaction with nature reaches its lowest level compared to other factors.</p> Manuscript profile
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        38 - The Relationship Between Personal Isolation and Internet Addiction with the Tendency to Pornographic Behaviors in the Era of Corona
        Zahra Tanha بابایی مطلق babaei motlagh
        One of the consequences of people's social isolation is their seeking refuge in virtual space and using the Internet, which may lead to their addiction to the Internet. Access to sexually explicit media and pornographic programs can also lead to Internet addiction, whic More
        One of the consequences of people's social isolation is their seeking refuge in virtual space and using the Internet, which may lead to their addiction to the Internet. Access to sexually explicit media and pornographic programs can also lead to Internet addiction, which can be considered in the quarantine conditions caused by the spread of the Corona virus. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between social isolation and Internet addiction with unconventional sexual behaviors in the era of Corona. The current research method is correlation type. For this purpose, 365 people were selected by a simple random sampling method among the undergraduate students of Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad branch, and answered the social isolation questionnaires of Russell et al. (1976), Internet addiction by Young (1998), the scale of pornography use by Carroll et al. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between social isolation and Internet addiction with pornographic behaviors. Also, the results of the regression analysis showed that pornographic behaviors can be predicted through social isolation and Internet addiction. Accordingly, in the first step, approximately 56% of the variance of pornography was explained through Internet addiction. In the second step, Internet addiction and social isolation explained 75% of the variance of pornography. Based on this, there are theoretical points of intersection between personal isolation, Internet addiction and pornographic behaviors and it seems that other personal and environmental factors are also involved in this relationship. Considering that this finding was obtained during the Corona period, conducting more studies compared to the present study can be considered by the researchers. Manuscript profile
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        39 - The Psychometric Properties of Benjamin`s Structural Analysis of Social Behavior Questionnaire Introject Surface (Self-Concept)
        sara mirzaei feizabadi habib hadian fard Mohammad Reza Taghavi Mehdi Reza Sarafraz
        The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Benjamin`s (1974) Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) questionnaire introject surface (self-concept) in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The study participants were 324 students (185 girls More
        The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Benjamin`s (1974) Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) questionnaire introject surface (self-concept) in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The study participants were 324 students (185 girls and 139 boys) who were studying in the second semester of 2023 academic year, and completed Benjamin`s (1974) Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) questionnaire introject surfase (self-concept), Beck Depression Inventory-II (1996), Beck Anxiety Inventory (1988) and Beck Suicide Scale Ideation (1988). The Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient, Cronbach`s alpha coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis in SPSS-26 and AMOS-25 software. The results show the reliability of this questionnaire through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Spearman's and Guttman's correlation coefficients in the split-half method, as well as its validity through the convergent coefficients of the dimensions of this questionnaire with other valid tests and finally the construct validity through confirmatory factor analysis confirmed. In general, it can be concluded that Benjamin`s SASB-self-concept (Introject) questionnaire has very good reliability and validity in Iranian students. Manuscript profile
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        40 - Predicting Generalized Anxiety Disorder Among Female Students Using Random Forest Approach
        Zahra Gholami Habibeh Zare
        <p>Mental health is considered one of the major challenges for the generations. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of many mental health complications. However, individuals with the disorder experience hyperbolic concerns and tensions regarding daily events. Furt More
        <p>Mental health is considered one of the major challenges for the generations. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of many mental health complications. However, individuals with the disorder experience hyperbolic concerns and tensions regarding daily events. Furthermore, it is reported that approximately 5% of the population of developed countries suffer from GAD. Additionally, women are affected by this disease twice as often as men, and it is an increasing disorder among women, particularly female students. This paper aims to predict generalized anxiety disorder among female students using the random decision forest algorithm. The data mining method was utilized for prediction. Female students of Shiraz Azad University developed the research community. Therefore, 150 female students were selected by simple random method and tested with a DSM-IV questionnaire. Accordingly, a random forest algorithm is proposed to generate a prediction model. Moreover, NetBeans IDE was applied for operationalization. Java was the programming language to code the prototype, and the WEKA library was involved in the operation. However, the results showed that the prediction accuracy with the random forest algorithm exceeds 0.9, which indicates that the algorithm is likely to predict GAD accurately. The random decision forest algorithm consistently predicts an individual not suffering from GAD. The results are relatively consistent compared to the baseline employed in the R. However, the random decision forest algorithm produces high predictive performance and may display significant relationships between the proposed and dependent parameters.</p> Manuscript profile
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        41 - Risk factors in primary school students
        Sakineh  Shahin Nesab Fatme  Rahbar Fariba  Mahmoudian
        It is education. Anxiety, as one of the common psychological problems, is also felt in elementary school students. This anxiety can limit some students in academic success, not be active with social relationships and cause severe discomfort and stress. In today's world, More
        It is education. Anxiety, as one of the common psychological problems, is also felt in elementary school students. This anxiety can limit some students in academic success, not be active with social relationships and cause severe discomfort and stress. In today's world, elementary school students face a lot of pressure and stress more than ever before. They can face various problems such as coursework, exercises, behavior and mental problems which can lead to their anxiety. Many factors can cause anxiety in elementary school students. Undoubtedly, identifying the symptoms of anxiety in students is very important, but the main causes of anxiety in students should also be investigated and analyzed. In this article, we have tried to introduce some main anxiety-causing factors in elementary school students. Manuscript profile
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        42 - Comparing the Effect of Running and Playing Football on the Level of Social Anxiety of Male Students
        Alireza  Babaei mazreno Gholamreza Sharifi Ghasem  Rahimi Seyed Mehdi  Ghasemi Kenari
        Background: The way of life for the current century has produced manifestations such as anxiety, worry and fear, therefore this study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of running and playing football on the level of social anxiety of male students. Mat More
        Background: The way of life for the current century has produced manifestations such as anxiety, worry and fear, therefore this study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of running and playing football on the level of social anxiety of male students. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental research that was conducted in the field, 20 male students aged 16 to 18 years, whose anxiety level was less than 10 using the Kettle test, were selected and randomly divided into two groups of football practice and running. . The subjects ran and played football for 8 weeks and their anxiety level were measured again. In order to describe the demographic characteristics of the research, descriptive statistics were used, and in order to analyze inferential statistics, correlation t and analysis of covariance were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the anxiety score in the pre-test and post-test stages in the running group were 5.5 ± 2.66, 3.75 ± 2.38 and in the football game group 5.6 ± 2.42, 2.39 respectively. It was ± 4.55. The results showed that an eight-week training period of running and playing football has reduced the level of students' anxiety. Also, running caused a greater decrease in anxiety than the football training group (p≤0.01). The results showed that running and playing football significantly reduce anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: The mechanisms through which exercise produces these effects probably involve a combination of biological and psychological factors. Physical activity may also be beneficial in reducing symptoms of comorbid mental illnesses and the risk of physical health complications over time. Promoting physical activity can be a way to prevent or treat anxiety disorders with a wide range of benefits. However, before these approaches can be fully implemented in mental health services, further research will be necessary to address important gaps in the background literature. Manuscript profile
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        43 - Investigating the dimensions and effects of faith in improving the mental health of people with corona
        Rohollah Shateri Hamid Sotoudeh
        Today, coronary heart disease and the consequences of its outbreak are a threat to mental health and the underlying cause of coronary anxiety disorder virus. And be considered social. Therefore, paying attention to the functional consequences of religious beliefs for pr More
        Today, coronary heart disease and the consequences of its outbreak are a threat to mental health and the underlying cause of coronary anxiety disorder virus. And be considered social. Therefore, paying attention to the functional consequences of religious beliefs for preventive knowledge, and how to deal with this tragedy, as well as reducing the pain and suffering of patients, is a valuable guide. This article, using library and documentary data in descriptive-analytical and functionalist methods, examines some of the most important principles of human soul perfectionism from a monotheistic perspective, which can have a positive effect on promoting the mental health of Crohn's patients. This qualitative research, while explaining the nature and truth of religious faith, shows that increasing the level of resilience and preventing psychological stress caused by acute illnesses such as Quaid 19, in the light of trust in God and patience. It is associated with diseases. Manuscript profile

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