The Mediating Role of Resilient in Relationship between Death Anxiety and General Health in Iraqi Immigrant Adolescents are Affected with ISIS War
Subject Areas : PsychologyMansoureh Haj Hosseini 1 , Zhakaw Salim Ahmed 2 , Javad Ejei 3 , Zahra Naghsh 4
1 - University of Tehran
2 - University of Tehran
3 - University of Tehran
4 - University of Tehran
Keywords: death anxiety resilience general health adolescents war refugee camp,
Abstract :
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between death anxiety and general health. The method of this study was descriptive and in the framework of correlation of study of the path analysis. The population was all adolescents aged 14 to 18 year olds living in Iraqi-ISIS war refugee camps located in the Dibegh Erbil district of Kurdistan, Iraq in 2017, (520, N) and were selected by simple random sampling and 219 adolescents were selected. The participants responded to the Death Anxiety Scale (Templer, 1970), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) (Goldberg and Hiller, 1979), and Resilience Scale (Connor and Davidson 1979-1991). The data was analysed through a path analysis correlation. Results confirmed the negative relationship between EA and resilience, showing the favorable fit of the pattern of the relationship between death anxiety and general health anxiety and the mediating role of resilience among them. According to the results, due to resilience, death anxiety of adolescents affected by war can be reduced and steps can be taken in improving their general health.
احدی، حسن، بنی جمالی، شکوه السادات (١٣٨٨). روان¬شناسی رشد: مفاهیم بنیادی در روان¬شناسی کودک. تهران: جیحون.
رحيميان بوگر، اسحاق و اصغر نژاد، علي اصغر. (١٣٨٧). رابطه سرسختي روان¬شناختی و خود تاب¬آوری با سلامت عمومی در جوانان و بزرگ¬سالان بازمانده زلزله شهرستان بم. مجله روانپزشكي روانشناسي باليني ايران، 4 (1)، ٧٠-٦٧.
آزادی، سارا و آزاد، حسین (1390). بررسی رابطه حمایت اجتماعی، تاب¬آوری و سلامت روانی دانشجویان شاهد و ایثارگر دانشگاه-های شهر ایلام. طب جانباز.
پورسردار، فیض الله؛ عباسپور، ذبیح اله؛ عبدی زرین، سهراب و سنگری، علی اکبر (1391). تأثیر تاب¬آوری بر سلامت روانی و رضایت از زندگی، یک الگوی روان¬شناختی از بهزیستی. فصلنامه یافته، 1، (85)، 89- 81.
ساماني سيامك,جوكار بهرام,صحراگرد نرگس (١٣٨٦). تاب¬آوری، سلامت عمومی و رضایت¬مندی از زندگی.انديشه و رفتار، (٣) ١٣, ٣; ٢٩٠ - ٢٩٥.
شجاعی، ستاره، به پژوه،احمد، شکوهی یکتا ، محسن؛و غباری، محسن (1391). پیش¬بینی نشانه¬های سلامت روانی بر اساس تاب¬آوری در خواهران و برادران نوجوان دانش آموزان باکم توانی ذهنی شهر شیراز در سال تحصیلی 91-1390. فصلنامه افراد استثنایی، (9)2، 46.
شعاری نژاد، علی اکبر (1371). درآمدی بر روانشناسی انسان. تهران، انتشارات آزاد.
کشاورزی، سمیه؛ یوسفی، فریده (1391). رابطه بین هوش عاطفی، هوش معنوی و تاب¬آوری. فصلنامه روانشناسی، 16 (3)، 299-318.
محـمدي، مسعود (١٣٨٨). بررسي عوامل مؤثر بر تاب آوريدر افراد در معرض خطر سوء مصرف مواد. پايان نامه دکتري دانشگاه علوم بهزيستي وتوانبخشي تهران.
میرزمانی، سیدمحمود (١٣٨٨). اصول رسیدگی به مشکلات روانی در مناطق جنگی. مجله طب نظامی، ٢١، ٢١٧.
هاشمی، سهیلا. اکبری، عباس(1396). مدل علی برای ابعاد طرح ارتباطی خانواده، تاب¬آوری، مهارت مهار خشم با گرایش به خشونت، مجله روانشناسی، 21 (3)، 284-299.
هومن، حیدرعلی، (1384). مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری باکاربرد نرم افزار لیرزل. تهران : سمت.
Abramovitz, M. (2009). Humor can heal. Current Health 2, 27 (4), 25.
Aker, J. L., & Lee, A. Y. (2006). Understanding regulatory fit. Journal of Marketing Research, 43,15-19.
Ahmad, A., von Knorring, A. L., & Sundelin-Wahlsten, V. (2008). Traumatic experiences and post-traumatic stress disorder in Kurdistanian children and their parents in homeland and exile: An epidemiological approach. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry,62 (6), 457-463. doi: 10.1080/08039480801984305
Akinsola, F.A, & Udoka, P.A (2014). Parental influence on social anxiety in children and adolescents: Its assessment and management using psychodrama. Psychology,4(03), 246-257. doi: 10.4236/psych.2013.43A037
Al-Krenawi, A., Lev-Wiesel, R., & Sehwail, M. A. (2007). Psychological symptomatology among Palestinian adolescents living with political violence. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 12(1), 27-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-3588.2006.00416.x
Angel, B., Hjern, A., & Ingleby, D. (2001). Effects of war and organized violence on children: A study of Bosnian refugees in Sweden. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 71 (1), 4-15.
Arean, A. P., Ayalon, L., Hunkeler, E., Lin, B. H. E., Tang, L., Harpole, L., & Unutzer, J. (2005). Improving depression care for older, minority patients in primary care. Medical Care, 43 (4), 381-390.
Conner, K., M. & Davidson, j. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resiliencescal the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18, 76-82. doi: 10.1002/da.10113.
Davydov, M. D., Stewart, R., Ritchie, K., & Chandieu, I. (2010). Resilience and mental health. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 479-495.
Fortner, B. V., & Neimeyer, R. A. (1999). Death anxiety in older adults: A quantitative review. Death Studies, 23, 387–411.
Furer, P., & Walker, J. R. (2008). Death anxiety: A cognitive-behavioral approach. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 22, 167–182.
Gailliot, MT, Schmeichel, B.J, & Baumeister, R.F. (2006). Self-regulatory processes defend against the threat of death effects of self-control depletion and trait self-control on thoughts and fears of dying. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(1): 49–62. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.91.1.49
Garmezy, N. (1991). Resilience and vulnerability to adverse developmental outcomes associate with poverty. American Behavioral Scientist, 34, 416-430.
Gire, J. T. (2002). How death imitates life: Cultural influences on conceptions of death and dying. In: W. J. Lonner, D. L., Dinnel, S. A., Hayes, & D. N. Sattler (Eds.). Online Readings in Psychology and Culture.
Goldberg D. P., & Hillier V.F. (1979). A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychological Medicine, 9(1), 139-145.
Johnson, J., Wood, A. M., Gooding, P., Taylor, P. J., & Tarrier, N. (2011). Resilience to sociality: The buffering hypothesis. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 563–591. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010. 12.007
Lau, L. W. R., & Cheng, S. (2011). Gratitude lessens death anxiety. European Journal of Ageing, 8, 169-175.
Lehto, H. R., & Stein, F. K. (2009). Death anxiety: An analysis of an evolving concept. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice: An International Journal, 23(1), 23-41.
Luthar, S. S. (2005). Resilience at an early age and its impact on child psychosocial development. Retrieved July 17, 2009 from: http://www.child-encuclopedia.com/pages.PDF/LuttarANGxp.pdf.
Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227-238.
Masten, A.S. (2014). Global perspectives on resilience in children and youth. Child Development, 85, 6-20.
Pine, D. S., Costello, J., & Masten, A. (2005). Trauma, proximity, and developmental psychopathology: The effects of war and terrorism on children. Neuropsychophar-macology, 30(10), 1781-1792. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300814f
Saggino, R. & Kline, P. (1996). Item factor analysis of the Italian version of the Death Anxiety Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 52,329-333.
Schiff, M., Pat-Horenczyk, R., Benbenishty, R., Brom, D., Baum, N., & Astor, R. A. (2015). High school students’ posttraumatic symptoms, substance abuse and involvement in violence in the aftermath of war. Social Science & Medicine, 75, 1321–1328.
Selgiman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. New York: Free Press.
Templer, D. I. (1970). The construction and validation of a Death Anxiety Scale. Journal of General Psychology, 82: 165-177.
Weems, C. F., Russell, J. D., Neill, E. L., Berman, S. L, & Scott, B. G. (2015). Existential anxiety among adolescents exposed to disaster: Linkage with level of exposure and psychological symptoms. Manuscript Submitted for Publication.
