-
Open Access Article
1 - Relationship between achievement-motive, innovation, ambiguity tolerance, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-actualization and entrepreneurial orientation University’s students
حسن محمودیان afsane lotfiazimi moslem abbasi ehsan jamali roya mahmoudiAbstract Objective of this study is surveying relationship between achievement-motive, innovation, ambiguity tolerance, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-actualization. with entrepreneurial orientation of Ardabil Azad University’s students. Sample of this study was c MoreAbstract Objective of this study is surveying relationship between achievement-motive, innovation, ambiguity tolerance, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-actualization. with entrepreneurial orientation of Ardabil Azad University’s students. Sample of this study was comprised of 400 students (of Bachelor’s level) in the Kazeron Azad University at 2012-2013, selected by cluster sampling. Following tools were used for data collection entrepreneurial orientation test, achievement motive questionnaire, , innovation scale, ambiguity tolerance scale, self-efficacy questionnaire, self-esteem questionnaire & self-actualization questionnaire. Results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that entrepreneurial orientation has significant positive relationship with these variables achievement-motive, innovation, ambiguity tolerance, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-actualizatio(P<0/01). Results multivariate regression analysis showed that achievement motive, innovation & self-esteem have significant share in the prediction of entrepreneurship of students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The prediction of marital satisfaction of men and women based on variables of approach motives, avoidance motives of sacrifice and sacrificing behaviors
Tofigh Alboghubish Reza KhojasteMehr Zabihollah AbasPourMarital satisfaction is one of the factors that result in satisfaction and happiness in life. Identifying variables that affect marital satisfaction is very helpful and necessary to maintain a marriage. Studies show that sacrificing motivation and behaviors can affect m MoreMarital satisfaction is one of the factors that result in satisfaction and happiness in life. Identifying variables that affect marital satisfaction is very helpful and necessary to maintain a marriage. Studies show that sacrificing motivation and behaviors can affect marital satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to predict the marital satisfaction of men and women based on the variables of approach motivates, avoidance motives of sacrifice and sacrificing behaviors of Ahwaz women and men. In order to achieve this goal, 300 couples were selected using the available non-random sampling method. The questionnaires included perception of sacrifice measure (PSM), Decent sacrificing motives (SM), and Relationship Scale (RAS) Completed. The design of this research was descriptive and correlational. In this research, the researcher seeks to study simple and step-by-step relationships between predictor variables with criterion variables. The results showed that in the male sample, among the predictor variables, the variables of sacrificing behaviors and avoidance motives of sacrifice can to predict marital satisfaction, and also in the female sample, among the predictor variables, the variables of sacrificing behaviors, and the approaches motivates can to predict marital satisfaction. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that a group of variables in men such as sacrificing behaviors and avoidance motives of sacrifice have a more decisive role in predicting marital satisfaction, and also in women, a range of variables such as sacrificing behaviors and approaches motives has a more decisive and important role in predicting marital satisfaction. Identifying and working on these variables will have an important role in marital satisfaction and family relationships. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Environmental review of the automotive industry and the ways to reduce its pollution
seyed sajad bidva Marzieh HasanzadehIn recent decades, with the rapid growth of urbanization and population growth in cities, the use of public transport and personal vehicles has been on the rise, which has many consequences such as greater dependence on the car, long travels, increased transportation co MoreIn recent decades, with the rapid growth of urbanization and population growth in cities, the use of public transport and personal vehicles has been on the rise, which has many consequences such as greater dependence on the car, long travels, increased transportation costs and most importantly, environmental hazards and air pollution. The Irregular use of cars leads to the loss of irreversible energy, the effects of greenhouse gas, and the dissatisfaction of townspeople of the high levels of noise and air pollution, resulting in a reduction in economic efficiency. In this regard, governments have set various rules and standards for reducing car pollution and the car makers are required to comply with them. These requirements have prompted carmakers to find ways to reduce the environmental pollution of their products and to create new technologies in this industry. Therefore, attention to environmental studies in the automotive industry is one of the most important factors. In this research, we investigate the types of pollution caused by automobile industry and practical ways to reduce these contaminations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Analysis of secondary motives of imperative verb in social poem of collection of "Aieenehei Baray-e Sedaha (A Mirror for Sounds)"
Seyyedeh Fatemeh Zabihpour Aliakbar Bagheri Khalili siavash haghjouThe main message of the literary propositions lies in their meanings and secondary function and the author uses it in artistic and beautiful way to affect the audience. Speech act is one of the subcategories of Pragmatic and aims to reopen the implied meanings; as centu MoreThe main message of the literary propositions lies in their meanings and secondary function and the author uses it in artistic and beautiful way to affect the audience. Speech act is one of the subcategories of Pragmatic and aims to reopen the implied meanings; as centuries before its advent, traditional semantics had the task of specifying secondary purposes in the form of news and propositions.Imperative verb has a variety of applications as one of the subcollection of the essays in semantics and its pragmatic analysis has an important role in discovering the hidden layers of the author’s mind and thought and makes the affection more connected.Mohammad Reza ShafieiKadkani, the outstanding contemporary poet, in the collection of poetry "Aieenehei Baray-e Sedaha (A Mirror for Sounds) "has influenced on imaging and the conceptualization of the poetry. Reviews show that by applying the imperative verbs artistically in the the proportional and contradictory context of the poet and using the rhetorical elements, Shafiei could illustrate them in the convincing, guidance, encouraging applications, besides the other implicit applications like expressing the wonder, astonishment and threat. This secondary purpose is equivalent to Illocutionary Act in Austin’s speech act theories that recounts the power of impact on the audience and stimulating emotions by artistic ability to present them and says theAustin’s impact act. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Behavioral and ethical prerequisites Managers’ Adherence to Organization Justice Rules: An Investigation into the Central Role of Managerial Motives and Discretion
Nahid Radmanesh Abolhassan Faghihi Karamallah DaneshfardThough substantial research has been carried out on employees’ reactions to organizational justice rules, far less research has examined the ethical and ethical causes of managers to adhere to the rules of justice. Taking a proactive approach to organizational justice, MoreThough substantial research has been carried out on employees’ reactions to organizational justice rules, far less research has examined the ethical and ethical causes of managers to adhere to the rules of justice. Taking a proactive approach to organizational justice, the present study the causes of managers’ adherence to distributive, procedural, informational, and interpersonal rules of justice. The statistical population of this research was the managers at the different levels of employed management practices selected from 34 government organizations. The sample under study included 356 people selected through cluster sampling. The data collection was conducted using standardized questionnaires. Data analysis was performed through confirmatory factor analysis and parametric statistics using Smart PLS and SPSS software. The results of the research revealed that both cognitive (i.e. effective compliance with subordinates, desirable social identity maintenance, and justice) and affective (i.e. high positive affect and low negative affect) motives were associated with managerial adherence to justice rules. Moreover, cognitive motives were more strongly associated with justice rules adherence for justice dimensions over which managers perceived less discretion, while affective motives were more strongly associated with justice rule adherence for justice dimensions over which managers perceived much more discretion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Analysis of the factors affecting R & D management and rank the factors with ANP techniques in the automotive industry (Case Study: Pars Khodro Company)
Abass Khamse shohreh ghanbariha fereydon ohadiThis study developed in 8 of the R & D management model to analyze the factors affecting the Pars Khodro Company will pay R & D management. And determines the performance of the company. . -Pymayshy Descriptive research and data gathering instrument was a questionnaire MoreThis study developed in 8 of the R & D management model to analyze the factors affecting the Pars Khodro Company will pay R & D management. And determines the performance of the company. . -Pymayshy Descriptive research and data gathering instrument was a questionnaire which its validity with the judgment of experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and SPSS software. Due to the limited population of the study, the total number method is used to rank the factors affecting the management of research and development in Pars Khodro Company of paired comparisons with ANP techniques using software is used SUPER DECISIONS. The results obtained from the software indicates that financial factors were ranked first and managerial factors responsible for learning and innovation, technological platforms, operating commercial, technical factors, the operating system have won the next rank. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - A Method for Identifying and Ranking the Risks of the New Product Development Process in the Iranian Automotive Industry Using the Method Combined ANP-DEMATEL
seyed ghasem salimi zavieh roksana fekriThe rapid growth of technology, increased risk-taking in global markets and the ever-increasing changes in customer needs have put pressure on new product development teams.There are many risks in the process of developing new products in all industries intrinsically. T MoreThe rapid growth of technology, increased risk-taking in global markets and the ever-increasing changes in customer needs have put pressure on new product development teams.There are many risks in the process of developing new products in all industries intrinsically. Therefore, understanding, identifying and ranking the risks is of strategic importance for companies. The purpose of this study is identifying and ranking the risks in the process of developing a new product in Iran's automotive industry, based on the literature of research and specialized interviews conducted with experts, the main indicators have been identified. The main risk indicators in the new product development process are organizational, managerial, financial, manufacturing, marketing, and technical. Moreover, they are related to the phases of new product development. Therefore, these indicators will be ranked in this study. Regarding the relationship between the criteria and the sub-criteria, the DEMETL technique will be used to identify the relationship model, and based on the network of identified relationships, the network analysis process (ANP) technique has been used for ranking the criteria and Sub-criteria with Super Decision software. The result of these techniques suggests that organizational risk is the most important parameter in risk management of the new product development process and the technical risk is the least important. On the other hand, sub-criterion of incorrect planning of resources has the highest importance and sub-criterion of lack of sufficient communications is the least important in the automotive industry in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Developing a Model for Managerial Skills Development of Iran Automotive Industry Managers in World-Class
Alireza Khojastehpour Mohammadreza Pourebrahimi Seyed Akbar Nilipour TabatabaeeOne of the concerns of the automotive companies to bridge the gap between the current situation and globalization is the need for managers who have the strict management skills, and have a scientific and practical training. In this study, the model of development of man MoreOne of the concerns of the automotive companies to bridge the gap between the current situation and globalization is the need for managers who have the strict management skills, and have a scientific and practical training. In this study, the model of development of management skills of auto industry in world-class developed and in addition to ranking managerial skills, characteristics of each skills are ranked and recognized. In this study, for the development of literature using library resources and taking notes to gather information about the features of the global director and managerial skills assessed And then according to the experts and using the Delphi technique characteristic of global managers and management skills of managers were identified and classified. Then, the accuracy of the classification characteristics were investigated through Kappa test. After the questionnaire was designed and distributed to 470 managers of the automotive industry in Iran to investigate and test the model. Data collected using Spss and descriptive statistics, Smirnov, Kolmogorov and Friedman were analyzed. The model fitness based on structural equation modeling and using Lisrel software was monitored. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Critical Success Factors Analyses in Sustainable Supply Chain Implementation with ISM Approach (Case Study: Automotive Industry)
In recently years, the importance of environmental and social performances of industries beside their economic performance resulted in formation of a new concept and approach that is named sustainability. In today’s competitive world, different industries to achieve a c MoreIn recently years, the importance of environmental and social performances of industries beside their economic performance resulted in formation of a new concept and approach that is named sustainability. In today’s competitive world, different industries to achieve a competitive advantage and maintain their survival, needs to move towards achieving sustainability approach. The main problem is that, the implementation of this approach is simply not possible, and there are several barriers in this way. To deal with this, need to identify and understand the critical success factors. This study aimed to identify and analysis the critical success factors in implementation of sustainable supply chain management in the automotive industry. This paper proposes an interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach to develop a structural model for evaluating the influential factors among recognized factors. After literature review, the 16 factors based on experts opinions have been selected. In presented research results, the factor of “top management commitment and support” is identified as the most effective and the factor of “Knowledge of competitive advantage” is identified as the most dependent critical success factor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Key Drivers affecting on international strategic cooperation in the automotive industry: A Systematic Literature Review
Farhad Toudehrousta ali heidary Ali Asghar Pourezzat Amir AlbadviThe automotive industry is known as one of the major industries in each country and has a significant role in its economic growth. Therefore, to compete globally, companies need to rethink their strategies based on understanding the environmental conditions and factors MoreThe automotive industry is known as one of the major industries in each country and has a significant role in its economic growth. Therefore, to compete globally, companies need to rethink their strategies based on understanding the environmental conditions and factors influencing their strategy, on which to base their strategy in the form of alliances, cooperation and partnerships. The purpose of this research is to identify key drivers affecting international strategic cooperation in the automotive industry. The methodology used in the present study is a systematic review of 49 articles on key drivers affecting international strategic cooperation of the automotive industry in international scientific databases such as Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar as well as in-house scientific databases that published since 2006 to 2019, extracted and after screening process, by coding method with MAXQDA software was analyzed. Based on result of the analysis of selected articles, a set of key environmental drivers were identified, categorized and described at industry, national and international levels. The results of this study show that a set of key drivers of automotive technology developments, automotive industry policy making, legal and institutional factors, global trends in automobile industry and international interactions of the country have had the most impact on the direction of international strategic cooperation in the automotive industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Analysis of innovation indicators and the development of the automotive industry to reduce the innovation gap (Case study: Iran Khodro Industrial Group)
علی اکبر مظلومی ابوخیلی Alireaza Aliahmadi gholamrea esmaeilianIn this research, while briefly getting acquainted with the automotive industry and the principles and indicators of innovation in a car manufacturing company, it was tried to determine the innovation capability gap between the desired level and the current situation. W MoreIn this research, while briefly getting acquainted with the automotive industry and the principles and indicators of innovation in a car manufacturing company, it was tried to determine the innovation capability gap between the desired level and the current situation. With this awareness, opportunities are provided for the growth and development of the automotive industry and suggestions can be made to get out of the crisis and recession in this industry. It should be noted that different industrial sectors, while having similarities, have different characteristics and coordinates, and innovation studies in industrial sectors should be done taking into account these differences. This research is applied in terms of objectives and according to the presence of the researcher in this industry and the use of questionnaires within the organization in terms of survey method and field type and case study. The researcher seeks to conceptualize and answer this question that "What are the indicators of innovation capability in the automotive industry and what is the distance between these indicators and the desired level?" The results of this study show that in recent years, the trend of applying innovation in this automotive industry in Iran is Has decreased and the level of organizational innovation is not effective. Therefore, changing the existing policy and organizational structure of car companies, especially in the system of innovation and research and development and changes in the culture and attitudes of managers, is necessary to move towards the use of effective indicators of innovation and technology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Designing a Competency Model for Instructors of Automotive Industry
morteza karami hossein momeni mahmouei akram abedian avval tahereh rozehToday, human resources are the most important and strategic resource for any organization and updating the knowledge and information of employees is one of the success factors for organizational activities. For this reason, the important role of education can’t be ignor MoreToday, human resources are the most important and strategic resource for any organization and updating the knowledge and information of employees is one of the success factors for organizational activities. For this reason, the important role of education can’t be ignored in the training of skilled and expert staff. Meanwhile, the use of competent instructors helps organizations to achieve their educational goals. In this regard, the present study aimed to design a model of competency for instructors of the automotive industry. The research method was a case study. The study population consisted of all the documents related to the field of education and human resource development in the automotive industry group and all the teaching staff of this group. In the documents section, all documents were counted and in the teacher’s section, the sample was selected for interview by using a purposive sampling method. The competency model design was done by using five steps. Accordingly, in the first, literature, scientific resources, organizational experiences and existing documents were examined. A list of 56 competencies from the perspective of 44 experts and organizations was identified and in the next stage, a list of 26 competencies was identified from existing document. Then, the interview was conducted with seven successful organization instructors and a list of 24 competencies was identified. The competencies selected in the focus groups were validated by the experts. Finally, 25 competencies were organized in the form of five domains, professional foundations, planning and preparation, methods and educational strategies, Guiding education, Supervision, and continuous evaluation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Design and Validation of Strategic Training Model to develop Human Resources in the Automotive Industry (Case study: Saipa Automotive Group)
Mohamad ali Borjikhani avanaki Esmat Masoudy Nadoshan Zahara Taleb Naiereh ShahmohammadyThe present study was conducted to design a strategic training model and explain its role in human resource development. This research is applied research that has used the mixed exploratory method as the research method. The community of participants in the quality sec MoreThe present study was conducted to design a strategic training model and explain its role in human resource development. This research is applied research that has used the mixed exploratory method as the research method. The community of participants in the quality section of 27 people and a small number of 400 experts in the field of training and development of human resources and strategy of Saipa Automotive Group has been used as a participant. Purposeful sampling method was used in qualitative and stratified random section in the quantitative section. Data collection tools in the qualitative part included semi-structured interviews and in the quantitative part included a researcher-made questionnaire. Excel data were used for data analysis in the qualitative part and AMOS and 19SPSS software were used for the quantitative part. Data analysis method In the qualitative part, including the basic data method(Grounded Theory) (open, axial and selective coding) in the quantitative part, the method of path analysis, Pearson correlation and factor analysis have been used. The results of this research in the qualitative part led to the formation of a strategic training model to develop human resources in Saipa Automotive Group and in a quantitative part, the impact of the strategic training model in explaining human resource development was investigated. The results show that strategic training has a direct and significant effect on factors such as personal development and empowerment, knowledge sharing and improving individual performance and employee well-being. These results confirm the compliance of this study with previous research. The findings of this study can provide practical and operational tools for the development of human resources in the Saipa Automotive Group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Designing of an entrepreneurial educational model in the automotive industry: Iran khodro diesel
arzhang ezatinia sayed rassul hosseini Masome OladianThis research has been organized with the aim of designing an entrepreneurial educational model in the automotive industry, which is a mixed research (quantitative and qualitative) in terms of purpose, application and in terms of how to collect information. The statisti MoreThis research has been organized with the aim of designing an entrepreneurial educational model in the automotive industry, which is a mixed research (quantitative and qualitative) in terms of purpose, application and in terms of how to collect information. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes academic and organizational experts including industrial experts such as education supervisors training liaisons, training instructors, thematic experts in the company such as welding experts and in the quantitative part includes all Iran Khodro Diesel automotive training staff . The sample size in the qualitative part with theoretical saturation (20 people) was estimated using purposive sampling and in the quantitative part based on Cochran's formula 127 people was estimated by stratified random sampling.was confirmed by calculating the trough and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by calculating the square root of the AVE. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained through Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire of 0.968. Lisrel and smartpls3 software were used to analyze the data. The results identified 23 components and 133 indicators that learners 'personal characteristics (0.173), teachers' personal characteristics (0.171), educational content (0.169), industry-university interaction (0.167), teaching methods (0.157), support Senior manager (0.156), leadership and management style (0.143), space and educational equipment (0.124) according to their factor load, respectively, components have an impact on entrepreneurial education. Outcomes include commitment (0.745), satisfaction (0.670), employee self-efficacy (0.655), innovation (0.647), employee empowerment (0636), performance (0.603), and organizational agility (0.568), respectively. The proposed model had a good degree of fit Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Effects of Ellis Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy on Promotion of Psychological Capital
nila Elmy ManeshAbstract: Today, psychological capital is con-sidered as one of the important organizational intangible assets due to being teachable and in-fluencing occupational variables. The present study has investigated the effectiveness of Ellis intervention model on promotion o MoreAbstract: Today, psychological capital is con-sidered as one of the important organizational intangible assets due to being teachable and in-fluencing occupational variables. The present study has investigated the effectiveness of Ellis intervention model on promotion of psycholo-gical capital of experts working in industrial centers. Statistical population of the present se-mi-experimental research consisted of experts working in Iran Khodro Diesel Company from which a total number of 60 participants were selected using regular random sampling method and then they were assigned to experimental and control groups. After completion of Luthans’ Psychological Capital Questionnaire by both groups, the experimental group received training in 10 two-hour sessions using Ellis rational emo-tive behavioral method. The experiment was im-plemented in two other steps in order to collect post-test data and follow-up. The results of multi-variable variance analysis indicated that the scores of post-test and follow-up in hope, optimism, self-efficacy, and resilience compo-nents were higher in experimental group who had been under Ellis intervention, compared to the control group. The results of univariate tests indicated that hope, optimism, self-effi-cacy, and resilience components were signi-ficant according to descriptive results and it consequently represents the sustainable effects of Ellis intervention in follow-up and increased effectiveness on optimism. Ellis intervention model and method has promoted the level of psychological capital in employees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - One Analytical Method Based on Winding Function Theory and Magnetic Equivalent Circuit Model for Electromagnetic Analysis of Induction Motors under Healthy Condition and Broken-Rotor Bar Fault
Farhad Rezaee-Alam Abdolsamad Hamidi Vahid NaeiniIn this paper, one hybrid analytical model (HAM) based on winding function theory (WFT) was presented for cage-rotor induction motors (CRIMs), which helps from the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) for considering the effect of slots and magnetic saturation in stator an MoreIn this paper, one hybrid analytical model (HAM) based on winding function theory (WFT) was presented for cage-rotor induction motors (CRIMs), which helps from the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) for considering the effect of slots and magnetic saturation in stator and rotor cores. A non-linear MEC model is used to calculate the magneto motive force (MMF) drops in iron parts of stator and rotor for every operating point under the healthy condition and broken-rotor bar (BRB) fault. The distribution of MMF drop in stator and rotor is separately expressed in terms of the distribution of equivalent virtual currents and the virtual winding function. The inductances are then calculated using WFT while considering the effect of slots and magnetic saturation. To model the starting of no-load CRIM, the system of electrical and mechanical differential equations is solved using the finite difference method (FDM) under the healthy condition and BRB fault. Hague's solution and one simple conformal mapping (CM) are used to calculate and analysis of air-gap magnetic field. To verify the proposed model, some analytical results are compared with the corresponding results obtained through finite element method (FEM). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Tourists’ Motivations for Traveling to Isfahan: A Comparative Study Concerning Both Genders
MohammadThis study aims to identify and compare domestic tourists’ motives of travelling to Isfahan between men and women. The population of this research was domestic tourists who had traveled to Isfahan during April and May 2016, which among them a sample of 400 tourists was MoreThis study aims to identify and compare domestic tourists’ motives of travelling to Isfahan between men and women. The population of this research was domestic tourists who had traveled to Isfahan during April and May 2016, which among them a sample of 400 tourists was randomly selected. The data was collected by a questionnaire consists of 40 questions. To analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis and independent t-test were used. The results revealed nine travel motives for domestic tourists; historical and cultural motives, visiting relatives and friends, shopping, accompanying family and friends, recreation and having fun, low-cost trip, city attractions, enjoying a safe travel, and work motivation. The results also showed that there was a significant difference between men and women in terms of historical and cultural motives, recreation and having fun, shopping, accompanying family and friends, domestic attractions, and enjoying a safe travel. The results also demonstrated that there was no significant difference between women and men in terms of enjoying a safe travel, visiting relatives and friends, and work motivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Criminal motive, interaction between ethics and criminal law
Mojtaba Malek Afzali Ardakani mohamadali mahdavi sabet Firouz Mahmudi JankiThe public conscience of the society wants everyone to be equal before the criminal laws, but at the same time, there is a difference between two criminals, one who commits a crime with immoral motives and the other with moral and honorable motives; As in ethics, the va MoreThe public conscience of the society wants everyone to be equal before the criminal laws, but at the same time, there is a difference between two criminals, one who commits a crime with immoral motives and the other with moral and honorable motives; As in ethics, the value of the verb depends on the intention of the subject. Intention, like motive, gives power to the subject and manages the direction of his behavior to reach the goal. In this way, the motive to commit a crime can be considered as an interaction between ethics and criminal law. The legislator's approach to motive has not been without controversy and challenge; Opponents and supporters have always criticized this approach under the banner of "protecting ethics. The possibility of committing a crime with moral motives on the one hand and criticizing the views of the opponents and supporters of criminal law's attention to motive is the subject of this article. The result of the research is the conditional preference of the opinion of the supporters; Criminal law must be "verb-oriented" in the execution of the crime and, except in the case of necessity, the moral or immoral motive of the perpetrator should not be given a role, but in the determination of punishments - which is entrusted to the ruler of the Islamic society - to choose the most appropriate punishment within the scope of his powers, considering the various dimensions of the criminal's personality and including his motive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Car pollution control using catalyst
khodadad behroziThe emission of pollutants from vehicles is generally low, but the number of vehicles on the road increases, so the environmental pollution also increases. About 35% of CO, 30% of HC and 25% of NOx produced in the atmosphere are from the transportation sector. These pol MoreThe emission of pollutants from vehicles is generally low, but the number of vehicles on the road increases, so the environmental pollution also increases. About 35% of CO, 30% of HC and 25% of NOx produced in the atmosphere are from the transportation sector. These pollutants have adverse effects on the environment and human health. Greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles generally depend on the air-to-fuel ratio. Control techniques for exhaust emissions include engine modifications, fuel pretreatment, fuel additives, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), positive crankcase ventilation (PCV), and the use of catalytic converters. A catalytic converter is a device that converts more toxic exhaust gases into less toxic pollutants. There are different types of catalysts used in the purification of car exhaust gases, such as catalysts of noble metals and basic metals, etc. The catalytic converter was effective and compatible in reducing harmful exhaust gas emissions so that it can be used in trucks, buses, cars, motorcycles and other equipped constructions. This article will discuss various types of recent advances in catalysts for controlling vehicle exhaust pollution. Manuscript profile
Rimag
Rimag is an integrated platform to accomplish all scientific journal requirements such as submission, evaluation, reviewing, editing, DOI assignment and publishing in the web.
Links
Related Centers
Technical Support
Official pages
The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2017-2024