Relationship between achievement-motive, innovation, ambiguity tolerance, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-actualization and entrepreneurial orientation University’s students
Subject Areas :حسن محمودیان 1 , afsane lotfiazimi 2 , moslem abbasi 3 , ehsan jamali 4 , roya mahmoudi 5
1 -
2 -
3 -
4 -
5 - Tehran University
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, achievement motive, innovation, ambiguity tolerance, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-actualization.,
Abstract :
Abstract Objective of this study is surveying relationship between achievement-motive, innovation, ambiguity tolerance, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-actualization. with entrepreneurial orientation of Ardabil Azad University’s students. Sample of this study was comprised of 400 students (of Bachelor’s level) in the Kazeron Azad University at 2012-2013, selected by cluster sampling. Following tools were used for data collection entrepreneurial orientation test, achievement motive questionnaire, , innovation scale, ambiguity tolerance scale, self-efficacy questionnaire, self-esteem questionnaire & self-actualization questionnaire. Results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that entrepreneurial orientation has significant positive relationship with these variables achievement-motive, innovation, ambiguity tolerance, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-actualizatio(P<0/01). Results multivariate regression analysis showed that achievement motive, innovation & self-esteem have significant share in the prediction of entrepreneurship of students.
• ابوالقاسمي، عباس و نريماني، محمد( 1383). آزمونهاي روانشناختي، اردبيل، باغ رضوان.
• احمدپور دارياني، م.،1380. كار آفريني: تعاريف، نظريا ت، الگوها، تهران، چاپ اول، انتشارات پردیس.
• براتي بختياري، س.، 1375. بررسي رابطه ساده و چندگانه متغيرهاي خودکارآمدي، عزت نفس و خودپايي و عملکرد تحصيلي در دانش آموزان سال سوم نظام جديد متوسطه شهرستان اهواز. پايان نامه کارشناسي ارشد.
• پرداختچي، م.ج.، شفيع زاده،ح.، 1385. درآمدي بر كارآفريني سازماني، تهران، چاپ اول، ص، 29.
• سالازار، ام. اس.، تيونگ-اكو، اي.، ودياز، پي.، مقدمه اي بركارافريني، ترجمه: سيامک نطاق.،1380. سازمان ملي بهروري ايران، تهران، چاپ دوم، انتشارات كوهسار.
• شكركن، ح.، برومند نسب، م.، 1382. بررسي روابط ساده و چندگانه پيشايندهاي مربوط با كارآفريني و روابط اين متغير با عملكرد تحصيلي و فعاليتهاي غير آموزشي دانشجويان دانشگاه شهيد چمران اهواز، دومين گنگره انجمن روانشناسي ايران.
• شهني ييلاق، م.،1381. كار آفريني، مقاله ارائه شده در سمينار: پيش آيند هاي مهم روانشناسي در كارآفريني، مركز كاراد دانشگاه شهيد چمران اهواز.
• صمد آقايي، ج.، 1378. سازمان هاي كارآ فرين، تهران، چاپ اول، انتشارات مركز آموزش مديريت دولتي.
• كورمن، آ.، 1977.روان شناسي صنعتي و سازماني، ترجمه: حسين شكر كن،1370.تهران، چاپ اول، انتشارات رشد.
• ميهن دوست، ز، 1379. بررسي رابطه مسئوليت-پذيري و منبع كنترل با خودشكوفايي و رابطه خودشكوفايي با خلاقيت در دانشجويان دانشگاه شهيد چمران اهواز. پايان نامه كارشناسي ارشد روانشناسي تربيتي دانشگاه شهيد چمران اهواز.
• نبي ئيان، م. ص.، 1378. كارآفريني، موسسه كار و تامين اجتماعي.
• نجاریان، ب ،1374. بررسي پيش¬آيندهاي خطر پذيري در افراد كارآافرين، مقاله ارائه شده در سمينار: پيش¬آيندهاي مهم روان شناسي در كارآفريني، مركز كاراد دانشگاه شهيد چمران اهواز.
• هرمزي نژاد، م.، شهني ييلاق، م.، نجاريان، ب.، 1379. رابطه ساده و چند گانه ي متغيرهاي عزت نفس، اضطراب اجتماعي و كمال گرايي با ابراز وجود دانشجويان شهيد چمران اهواز، مجله-ي علوم تربيتي و روان شناسي دا نشگاه شهيد چمران اهواز، ج، 2، ش3و4، ص، 29-50.
• Bandura, A., 1986. Social Foundations of Thought and Action. Englewood Cliffs , N.J: Prentice - Hall.
• Chen, C.C., Greene, P.G., Crick, A. 1998. Does entrepreneurial Self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of Business Venturing, 13: 295-316.
• Drucker, P., 1985. The discipline of innovation .Harvard Business Review. May-June-67-72.
• Friedrich,CH.,Visser, K., 2006. Building Human Capital in Difficult Enviroments:An Empirical Stady of Entrepreneurship Education, Self-esteem, and Achievement in South Africa.vol15:171-187.
• Fry F., 1993. Entrepreneurship: A Planning Approach, Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentic -Hall.
• Hansemark, O.V., 2003. Need for achievement, locus of control and the prediction of business start-ups: A Longitudinal study.
• Hmieleski, K.M., Andrew, C., Corbett, C., 2007. The contrasting interaction effects of improvisational behavior with entrepreneurial self-efficacy on new venture performance and entrepreneur work satisfaction.
• Hornaday, J., and Aboud, J., 1971. Characterics of successful entrepreneurs. Personnel Psychology 24: 141-153.
• Ireland, R.D., Webb, J. W., 2006. Strategic entrepreneurship: creating competitive advantage through streams of innovation. Mays Business School, 7783-4221.
• Jennings, R., Cox, C., Cooper, C. 1994. Business Elites, London: Routledge.
• Koen, P.A, Markman, G.D., Baron, R.A., Reilly, R., 2000. Cognition and personalities as predictors of resource attainment among corprate entrepreneurs. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research. Wellesly, M A: Babson College.
• Maini, P., Founder, C., Consultant, S., 2006. Medical Futures- Nurturing Entrepreneurship and Innovation in the Healthcare Sector. Medical Futures, 12: 171-192.
• Markman, G.D., Baron, R.A., 2003. Person- entrepreneurship fit:Why some people are more successful as entrepreneurs than others.
• Maslow, A.H., 1970. Motivation and Personalit (2th ed. ). New York: Viking.
• McClelland, D.C., 1961. The Achieving Socitty. Princeton, N.J: D.Van Nostrand.
• McClelland, D.C., 1965. Toward a theory of motive acquisition. American Psychologist, 20, 321 - 333.
• Miner, J,B., Smith, N.R., Bracker, J.S., 1994. Role of; entrepreneurial task motivation in the growth of technologically innovative firms, Journal of Applied Pcvchologv. 79, No.4. 627- 630.
• Mueller, S.L.,Thomas, S., 2002. Colture and entrepreneurial Anine Country study of locus of control and innovativeness. Florida International university, Miami, fl, USA.
• Palmer, M., 1987. The Application of Psychological Testing to Entreneurial Potential, In C., Baumback J., Mancusol (eds). Entrepreneurship an venture Management N.J: Prentice-Hall Inc.
• Pillis, E.G., 1998. What,s achievement got to do with it ? The role of national culture in the relationship between entrepreneurship and achievment motivation. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research , wellesleg , MA : Babson College.
• Rissal, R., 1992. A study of the characteristics of entrepreneurs in Indonesia. Disseration, George Washington University, Edd 1988 DAI-A 49. 06 P., 15. 6 Des., 1988.
• Rosenberg, M., 1979. Cognitive The Self. New York : Basic Books.
• Schere, R.F., Adams, J.S., Carley, S.S., Wiebe, F.A., 1983. Role model performance effects on development of entrepreneurial career perferenc. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 13 (3). 53-71.
• Schumpeter, J.A., 1934. The Theory of Economic Development. Camlridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
• Sexton, D.L., Bowman, N., 1984. The effects of preexisting psychological characteristics on new venture initiations. Paper presented at meeting of the Academy of Management, Boston, MA.
• Sexton, D.L., Bowman, N.B., 1983. Comparative entrepreneurship characteristics of Students: Preliminary results. In J.A., Hornaday, J.A., Timmons, and k.H., Vesper, eds., Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research. Wellesley, MA: Babson center For Entrepreneurial Studies, PP. 213-232.
• Shaver, K.G., Scott, L.R., 1991. Person, process, choice: The psychology of new venture creation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16( winter): 23-45.Social Philosophy: London : John W., Parker.
• Toner, M., Ronald, G., Tompkinz, M.D.,2008. Invention, innovation, entreprenurship in academic medical centers. Surgical Services and Center for Engineering in Medicaine, Massachusetts General, 22: 1481-1732.
• Zhao, H., Scott, E.S., Gerald,E., Hills, E., 2005.The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in the Development of Entrepreneurial Intention, Department of Managerial Studies, University of Illinois at Chicago.