پایداری

Open Access Article

1 - Analysis of the factors influencing the growth and sustainability of Knowledge based firms in Iran
Mohammadsadegh Khayatian habibollah tataiyan mahdi elyasi

The Knowledge based firms are driving the Knoledge based economy. These firms involve in synergy of science and wealth, developing of Knoledge based economy, achiving of scientific goals, economics and commercialization of the research and development in the field of hi More

The Knowledge based firms are driving the Knoledge based economy. These firms involve in synergy of science and wealth, developing of Knoledge based economy, achiving of scientific goals, economics and commercialization of the research and development in the field of high technologies. However, due to inherent risks and specific characteristics, the continued growth and stability is one of the challenges for the success of these firms. This paper aims to identify factors in the growth and sustainability Knowledge based firms in Iran. In this context, a qualitative approach was used to explore and identify factors affecting the growth and stability of the Knowledge based firms. In terms of conducting research, structured interviews were used. Statistical Population is the firms that stay in science and technology parks and incubators skins. Statistical sample is 30 managers of successful firms in science and technology parks and incubators, which is an objective judgment sampling method was used. Research findings suggest that in selected cases, the most important factors that influence the growth and sustainability of the Knowledge based firms are: the properties of the fundamental, company profile, company key idea , human resources, market and competition, organization, infrastructure, financing and environmental factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Determining the role of open innovation in achieving sustainable University
Seyed mahmoud Zanjirchi

Today, changing the paradigm of development, from economic development to sustainable development, has led the country's higher education to be more active in considering economic, social and environmental values and leading universities to become sustainable universiti More

Today, changing the paradigm of development, from economic development to sustainable development, has led the country's higher education to be more active in considering economic, social and environmental values and leading universities to become sustainable universities. Regarding the importance of achieving sustainable university in the societies, the present study attempts to explain the effect of open innovation on the realization of sustainability at Yazd University using structural equation modeling. The present study was a goal-oriented approach and in terms of control of variables, it was descriptive. Required data was collected using a questionnaire tool, it’s a survey research. The statistical population of the study consisted of faculty members and staff (formal, contractual and contractual) of Yazd University, totally 1309 people. To calculate the sample size, Cochran formula was used. At the error level of 5%, 298 individuals were selected as samples. The results of the data analysis showed that the values of T-VALUE for the paths between the variables of innovation culture, open innovation, sustainability at its standard distance, is higher than 1.96. Therefore, the direct effect of open innovation on the sustainability of Yazd University, the direct effect of innovation culture on open innovation and the indirect effect of innovation culture on university sustainability at 95% confidence level are significant and the main hypothesis of the research and its two subsidiary hypotheses are confirmed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Investigating the Effect of Valuating Companies on the Sustainability of Microeconomic Businesses Created by the Clients of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA)
manoocher razmjoo

Sustainability of economic enterprises is important for many countries, which is the percentage of their economic recovery. In this regard, business practitioners have a special emphasis on recognizing the elements that affect business sustainability. The purpose of thi More

Sustainability of economic enterprises is important for many countries, which is the percentage of their economic recovery. In this regard, business practitioners have a special emphasis on recognizing the elements that affect business sustainability. The purpose of this study was to design a micro-enterprise sustainability model created by the clients of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RAH). The research is in terms of its purpose and is a solidarity research group. Dependent variable Sustainability research of micro businesses and independent variables Research in individual parts of managers, micro business characteristics, financial criteria, economic structures, social structures, environmental potentials, strategy of credit, strategy Educational and interventional factors were macro and micro, and social, economic, and infrastructure impacts. The statistical population of the study consisted of micro business managers created over the past five years and above 5 million USD by clients of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee, whose number was equal to 600 thousand small business units. The sample size was estimated to be 385 by Morgan-Krejcy table. The sampling method was stratified. The main tool was collecting and measuring the variables of the research questionnaire. The validity of the research tool was verified by a panel of experts. The reliability of the research tool was calculated by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for different parts of the questionnaire. The results showed that 36.8% of the designs were service, 35.8% livestock, 5.1% industrial and production, 5.6% transportation, 2.7% agriculture, 3.5% poultry breeding and 5% / 4% aquaculture. The results showed that the most important indicator of sustainability in a business and business is income. The study of the sustainability of microcredits carried out by clients showed that 17.1 percent of the microcosm business was relatively unstable and 35.1 percent of the businesses were relatively stable, 30.6 percent of businesses were stable, and 17.1 percent of businesses were stable. Percentage of businesses were completely stable. The study of the factors affecting the sustainability of micro business that was created by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee showed that the most direct impact on the sustainability of micro businesses is related to the strategies adopted. The second most important factor is the stabilization of intervening factors. These factors affect macroeconomic stability on sustainability. Background factors and causal factors are other variables that affect sustainability. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Designing a Sustainable Outsourcing Model in Fajr Jam Gas Refining Company Based on Balanced scorecard with Analytic hierarchy process
Hamidreza vakilifard

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to design a sustainable outsourcing model using a balanced scorecard and hierarchical analysis process. In this research, we first tried to identify the success factors and failures of outsourcing based on previous studies conduct More

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to design a sustainable outsourcing model using a balanced scorecard and hierarchical analysis process. In this research, we first tried to identify the success factors and failures of outsourcing based on previous studies conducted inside and outside the country. For the validity of these factors, using the content validity and the content validity index and for guarantee reliability also used the incompatibility rate of the coupled comparison questionnaire based on the EXPERT CHOICE report. Identify the strategic goals of this model using Affinity Diagram by Brain Storming. the findings indicated that to design sustainable outsourcing model using a balanced scorecard, we need to consider the economic, social and environmental sustainability in each of the balanced scorecard faces that Using this model, we can have sustainable learning and growth, sustainable domestic business processes, sustainable customer satisfaction, and sustainable financial performance. finally, the balanced scorecard with 26 strategic objectives was designed and implemented using paired comparisons of the importance of each strategic goal in every aspect of computing and prioritization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Identify the attributions style of the fans of Persepolis and Esteghlal teams about the defeat and victory of the team
پروانه فرهاد بیگی Rada Habibi Aida Ayazi

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to identify the attributions of Persepolis and Esteghlal fans about failure and success to investigate the hypothesis that the result of competition and the level of support have a significant impact on how to understand the re More

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to identify the attributions of Persepolis and Esteghlal fans about failure and success to investigate the hypothesis that the result of competition and the level of support have a significant impact on how to understand the results and subsequent attributions methods used to explain the results from the fans perspective. Methods: The assessment tools used in this research included Sport Spectator Identification Scale (SSIS) and Revised Causal Dimensional Scale (RCDS-II) was provided to the subjects online and subsequently 44 fans of the two teams with different levels of support volunteered to participate in this study. After data collection, methods of analysis of variance and correlation were used. Result: By comparing the four subscales of revised causal dimensions, personal control, external control, stability and causality, with three levels of support among the fans of Esteghlal and Persepolis teams in the results of one-way analysis of variance, a significant difference was observed in the external control subscale. Also, the results of correlation show that there is a correlation between the level of support with the locus of causality and external control. Conclusion. Examining the effect of fan levels on attribution styles regardless of the outcome of the game shows that along with increasing fan levels, there is a greater tendency to use external control attributions and people are more agreed on the impact of external control on team failure and success. The results of correlation also show that there is a correlation between the level of support with the locus of causality and external control And with the increase of the level of support in the subjects, the amount of their attributions to the locus of causality and especially to external control to explain the results of defeat and victory is higher. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Sustainable Spatial Analysis of Rural Settlements around around river ecosystems based on Eco- village model (Case study: Kashkan river basin, Poldokhtar county)
farzad haghizadeh وحید ریاحی farhad azizpour

Abstract Sustainable development land depends on the sustainability of the rural system and Eco- village pattern can be a new approach an effective role in the sustainable development of the region and, national therefore. Having knowledge of changes in sustainable dev More

Abstract Sustainable development land depends on the sustainability of the rural system and Eco- village pattern can be a new approach an effective role in the sustainable development of the region and, national therefore. Having knowledge of changes in sustainable development and knowing its structure, dimensions and spatial expansion in rural areas are considered as critical parameters for appropriate decision making and planning. The present study is, to analyze and measure the spatial levels of rural sustainability settlements located in around Kashkan River Poldokhtar County. This research is based on purpose, applied and descriptive - analytic research. The required data are obtained in the first stage of qualitative methods grounded theory the interview ways and the second stage of quantitative methods, from the questionnaire. Studying field Poldokhtar County and statistical society research, villages set around on the kashkan. River. For weighing the indicators of the research the F'ANP model has been utilized; data analysis by using the multiple criteria decision- making method VIKOR was done. For classification Rurales study of the levels sustainability was conducted by cluster analysis method using ARC GIS software; for the analysis of the factors affecting the stability linear regression was utilized to measure the effective factors in the final indicator of development. findings of the study showed that of studying 23 villages, 3 village very strong sustainability, 8 village strong sustainability, 5 villages are medium sustainability and the unsustainable villages, there are 7 villages. Most of the rural sustainable situation in central areas of the county that fertile land Caused by river Alluvium has more width and are arranged closer to the center of the county. However, this stability has not happened equally in all indices of sustainability. This situation reflects the imperfect dynamics of the county settlement system in the county (Functional structural aspects). In terms of the application of quantitative models and techniques, this study using F 'ANP model in determining levels of sustainable rural demonstrates the effectiveness of the F'ANP model in geographical studies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Promotion of principles related to construction control system based on sustainability approach and citizenship rights
sed ahmad anvari Mostafa Behzadfar esmaeil shiee

The rapid growth of construction in the modern world and the acceleration of the achievement of the final product have eliminated the opportunity of thinking and reflection in the layers of this industry. The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate the pri More

The rapid growth of construction in the modern world and the acceleration of the achievement of the final product have eliminated the opportunity of thinking and reflection in the layers of this industry. The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate the principles and guidelines of construction in Iran in relation to successful international sustainable construction systems such as Leyed and Bryme, as well as the emphasis on citizenship rights in the context of neighborhood and neighborhood rights. In order to achieve this goal, the method used in this study is of a descriptive-analytical and adaptive type with a critical approach and, in terms of its kind, is a part of applied research. The results of this study indicate that the basic principles of construction in Iran (technical, sanitary, urban, etc.) have proper basic principles, but these principles require a serious overhaul regarding the changes to It has emerged in terms of environmental and urban conditions in Iran and also due to new scientific advances and the growing importance of sustainable development issues around the world. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Infill development: capacities and necessities of growth management and spatial rearrangement of Tehran

The lands in cities are areas for urban development and infill development is the process of optimization of land use. Planning and growth management by infill development policy, compare with other growth policies is closer and more consistent to sustainability. In thi More

The lands in cities are areas for urban development and infill development is the process of optimization of land use. Planning and growth management by infill development policy, compare with other growth policies is closer and more consistent to sustainability. In this paper, we are going to study capacities and necessities of infill development of Tehran, by means of descriptive analytic and by use of documentary data. Findings indicate Tehran has the capacity of development and subsequently ready to growth management and special rearrangement via infill development. More than 18000 hectares of lands with infill development capacities that occupied 30% of city areas and 52% of vacant spaces and areas with developmental goals and high availability along with distribution and increment process, from east to west and north to south, makes possible not only physical growth management, but also facilitate spatial rearrangement to balance of inequality among regions and city zones by means of the policy of infill development and topical and local capacities. Redevelopment of north ,east and south areas, new development of west area and revitalization of central area, are general strategies of infill development in Tehran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The role of industrial towns in the economic sustainability rural areas (Case Study elghechin county, township Cheram, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad)
esmat ansari hossein farahani mehdi cheraghi

Rural industries because of create employment, increased income and reduce poverty in rural society, especially in societies that of great importance the agricultural economy prevails. Biological problems and difficulties, income disparity and standard of living between More

Rural industries because of create employment, increased income and reduce poverty in rural society, especially in societies that of great importance the agricultural economy prevails. Biological problems and difficulties, income disparity and standard of living between urban and rural communities, rural-urban migration of important factors, many of planners to adopt new strategies especially rural development forced industrialize villages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of industrial towns in the economic sustainability rural areas in county is Cheram elghechin township. Present study is an applied research descriptive-analytic method is used. Data collecting was also track library by in the form likert spectrum questionnaire design and attempted to measure the performance level of the the industrial town of Periphery villages. The resulting Case Study sample size of 179 households Cochran formula and the Data analysis was been done using software Spss. The research findings show that the Wilcoxon test between economic and environmental variables there is a significant the relationship. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Investigating natural landslides and roadside by using shallow landsliding stability physically based model ( case study: Sari- Kiasar axis range)
Ali Talebi Alireza Motavalli

Communication networks and roads are important part of the investments of each country. Beside of this, maintenance of these large communication networks and process of developing construction are among the causes of the degradation of natural resources. In this resear More

Communication networks and roads are important part of the investments of each country. Beside of this, maintenance of these large communication networks and process of developing construction are among the causes of the degradation of natural resources. In this research , occurrence of landslides in Kiasar road, located in the south of Sari city, was evaluated by using basic physical model, SHALSTAB, and slope stability map of this area was determined by this model. First, the physical and mechanical properties of 15 soil sample near the main roadside were measured and compared with 115 cases of landslides around the road. Results of Square research, analysis of geological data, and laboratory tests showed that for all landslides occurrence, 43.49 percent of actual landslides have been located in unstable regions. Then, the roadsides have been distinguish from happened landslides, in natural conditions. Then a separated model has been run for each landslide. The results showed that whenever SHALSTAB model has been implemented by using roadside landslides, this model can simulated only 18.55% of slip points in unstable zones, and when SHALSTAB model implemented by using slips which occurred in natural conditions , by predicting 69.5 percent , is a successful usage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Estimation of stream bank erosion by BSTEM model
محمد مهدي حسين زاده Reza Esmaili

Stream bank erosion is known to be a major source of sediment shedding in streams and rivers. However it is difficult to define and estimate the contribution of sediment from river erosion. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the application of BSTEM model as a More

Stream bank erosion is known to be a major source of sediment shedding in streams and rivers. However it is difficult to define and estimate the contribution of sediment from river erosion. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the application of BSTEM model as a viable tool for identifying and quantifying the controlling bank-slope conditions for a range of stream-restoration objectives, evaluation of the importance of fluvial erosion, vegetation properties and near-bank pore-water pressure properties. The Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM) were used in order to predict streambank retreat due to both fluvial erosion and geotechnical failure. In this research, BSTEM model also was used to simulate hydraulic erosion at the bank toe and bank stability during a series of flow events (bankfull discharge, mean annual flood, maximum flood discharge) for the purpose of evaluating current (existing) and potential changes in failure frequency (factor of safety or FS) and stream bank-derived loadings. The study site is located at the exit point of the Lavij river from the mountains in Kashpal park area (Chamestan-noor). Every year there is a significant amount of bank erosion caused by large floods in this river section. This study showed that for a multilayered stream bank in Lavij River, the most significant retreat occurred during a series of high flow events. In fact, the floods that occur with a return period of more than 10 years, play an important role in fluvial erosion and lateral retreat processes. Results of BSTEM analysis showed that lateral retreat measured at the stream bank in different scenarios ranged from 0 to 81cm and the bank stability conditions in the first scenario is unstable (FS =0.9), but in the second and thirds scenarios is almost stable (FS=1.15-1.26). Bank top vegetation provided additional cohesive strength to the top 1.0 m of the bank and resulted in a further reduction of failure frequency and failure volume. Results of this study showed that toe protection added to eroding stream banks can reduce overall volumes of eroded sediment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Analysis of stress regime in Shah Deniz oilfields and wellbore stability, in south Caspian Sea basin
Parvaneh Alizadeh Saeid Mohammad Hassanpour sedghi Ali Kadkhodaie Malek Mohammad Gity

Wellbore instability is one of the main problems during drilling of oil and gas wells. Analyzing and wellbore instability prediction is important. In-situ stress measurement and stress regime are important for stability studies. This study was carried out in one of the More

Wellbore instability is one of the main problems during drilling of oil and gas wells. Analyzing and wellbore instability prediction is important. In-situ stress measurement and stress regime are important for stability studies. This study was carried out in one of the oilfields in the south Caspian basin in Iran. The compressional stress regime in the studied field was determined based on regional stress indicators and larg scale tectonic observations. . This study presented the effect of borehole inclination and azimuth on borehole stability under reverse fault regimes. The magnitude of stresses was determined from measured sonic velocities, density log and predicted pore pressure utilizing the Eaton method. In this study, the modified Lade model have been utilized to perform stability calculation for different inclinations and azimuths. In this study, to perform stability calculation with the use of STABview software is presented. It is shown that drilling wells parallel to maximum in-situ horizontal stress (NE-SW) causes less stability problems. The results of this study could help in the mitigation and/ or prevention of wellbore stability issues in this oilfield. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Economic Regeneration of urban Worn out and inefficient texture with strategic planning approach; Case study: District 10 of Tehran
Zohre tajik Seyed Mosa Mosavi rahim sarvar

The rapid development of urbanization has had a significant impact on the old and historic nuclei of cities. In other words, these areas have become worn-out and inefficient urban structures compared to other areas of the city, and the most important factor influencing More

The rapid development of urbanization has had a significant impact on the old and historic nuclei of cities. In other words, these areas have become worn-out and inefficient urban structures compared to other areas of the city, and the most important factor influencing their abandonment is the economic factor which has caused these tissues to lag behind the development process and become the center of problems and failure.In this regard, the metropolis of Tehran is one of the major cities that, under the influence of the rapid development of urbanization, faces risks and disturbances in various dimensions in the old and historical nuclei.The manifestation of these disorders and challenges in the 10th district of Tehran, with a significant area of worn and dysfunctional urban fabric, is 52% more pronounced and more severe and directly or indirectly, it has involved citizens in a wide range of issues and problems. Therefore, this research is based on the process of a new approach to the intervention of the base location in urban dysfunctional and worn-out tissues namely urban sustainable regeneration (with an approach circle economy regeneration) through strategic planning, while analyzing the current situation, the position of the worn-out texture of Tehran’s 10th district in the economic field, pay to provide key strategies for the optimal use of potential facilities and capacities within the context and restore economic prosperity to the range of study tissue. The type of research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The technique used for data analysis is the integrated SWOT-AHP model.The results show that the worn and dysfunctional texture of the 10th district of Tehran in the economic field is facing many weaknesses in terms of internal environment and significant opportunities in terms of external environmen which in finally, by adopting adaptive strategies (revision), it is possible to make the most of the opportunities in the economic field by reducing the existing weaknesses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Cultural Sustainability, Density and Housing Typology; Case study : Residential Areas of Tabriz Metropolis
Islam Karami Mojtaba Rafieian Ali Javan Frozandeh Roshanak Sakhinia

By drawing on the tool of studying physical density and residential typology with reference to cultural dimensions, this study aims to examine the concept of culture, with particular emphasis on traditional and Islamic values (with qualitative nature), within both theor More

By drawing on the tool of studying physical density and residential typology with reference to cultural dimensions, this study aims to examine the concept of culture, with particular emphasis on traditional and Islamic values (with qualitative nature), within both theoretical and practical domains and bring it together with the complex and practical concept of physical density(with quantitative nature). In doing so, this study attempts to find strategies to guarantee the perpetual presence of culture in contemporary cities and particularly in residential setups (with qualitative/quantitative nature). The Spacemate is a tool based on the relation between density and structural forms in any scale under study which can assist architects, planners, and urban designers in their decision-making and design projects, where four quantitative indices of density can get involved simultaneously. In this study, not only this tool would be examined in relation to sustainability but also it will be used as a method in defining the relation between the types and sustainability itself. After a brief review on the related literature in three fields of typology, density and cultural sustainability, the study attempts to clarify the relationship between these three fields and the definition of qualitative indices, cultural sustainability and quantitative indices of physical density which relate to different types of residences. A typological approach to the issue of housing with regards to cultural debates can be instrumental because while proposing solutions and programming it can indicate which specific types are to be supported and which types to be prevented or restricted. In order to extract the dimensions and indices of cultural sustainability, qualitative concepts of residential sustainability in the domain of culture was surveyed and by utilizing the Delphi method, during two stages, the questionnaires completed by tens of experts in the field were assessed and selected. From among these concepts, six were detected as the most important concepts and were used during the analysis. Eleven samples from various points of residential spaces in the city of Tabriz were selected for the analysis as representatives of the different types while considering the geographical and cultural distribution of the city. After calculation and statistical analysis of the data, the degree of cultural sustainability of each sample was transferred to Spacemate and was interpreted. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Stability Analysis of Networked Control Systems under Denial of Service Attacks using Switching System Theory
Mohammad SayadHaghighi Faezeh Farivar

With the development of computer networks, packet-based data transmission has found its way to Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and especially, networked control systems (NCS). NCSs are distributed industrial processes in which sensors and actuators exchange information bet More

With the development of computer networks, packet-based data transmission has found its way to Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and especially, networked control systems (NCS). NCSs are distributed industrial processes in which sensors and actuators exchange information between the physical plant and the controller via a network. Any loss of data or packet in the network links affects the performance of the physical system and its stability. This loss could be due to natural congestions in network or a result of intentional Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. In this paper, we analytically study the stability of NCSs with the possibility of data loss in the feed-forward link by modelling the system as a switching one. When data are lost (or replaced with a jammed or bogus invalid signal/packet) in the forward link, the physical system will not receive the control input sent from the controller. In this study, NCS is regarded as a stochastic switching system by using a two-position Markov jump model. In State 1, the control signal/packet passes through and gets to the system, while in State 2, the signal or packet is lost. We analyze the stability of system in State 2 by considering the situation as an open-loop control scenario with zero input. The proposed stochastic switching system is studied in both continuous and discrete-time spaces to see under what conditions it satisfies Lyapunov stability. The stability conditions are obtained according to random dwell times of the system in each state. Finally, the model is simulated on a DC motor as the plant. The results confirm the correctness of the obtained stability conditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Explaining The Contexts of Achieving Sustainability in Old and Worn Textures with Integrated Urban Regeneration Approach; Case Study: The Old Texture of Kashan
Abozar Vafaei

Today, the old texture of Kashan as one of the urban areas, despite having concealed potentials and capacities for future urban development, holds an ample of problems including lack of urban services, inability of tissues residents, spread of social harms, low level of More

Today, the old texture of Kashan as one of the urban areas, despite having concealed potentials and capacities for future urban development, holds an ample of problems including lack of urban services, inability of tissues residents, spread of social harms, low level of health, insecurity, safety crisis and low resilience to calamities (physical instability). Therefore, to resolve these problems, traditional policies and approaches intervention in urban dysfunctional and worn tissues such as urban redevelopment and renovation cannot be accountable and there is a need to apply state-of-the-art patterns and approaches to place-based intervention in urban dysfunctional and worn tissues neighborhoods under the title of sustainable urban regeneration. This study intends to investigate the different dimensions of erosion and the challenges ahead in the old texture of Kashan to explain the context of sustainability realization in all dimensions of the texture with the approach of integrated urban regeneration based on analytical application. The research is categorized in practical sort in terms of purpose and analytical-explanatory in terms of using theoretical documents related to the research topic. The results show that integrated regeneration strategies in different dimensions of sustainability can be an appropriate model for resolving the problem of various types of exhaustion and the formation of a stable and intellectual spatial form in the old texture of Kashan. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Social Sustainability Assessment of Tehran City Regenerated Neighborhoods Case Study: Shamshiry and Shobiry-Ja Neighborhoods
Naghi Asgari

The national regeneration program of urban fabrics has been promoted Since 2009 by advocacy measures including granting cheap construction credits and no permit fees in an annual encouraging package that with other neighborhood base promotion increased housing construc More

The national regeneration program of urban fabrics has been promoted Since 2009 by advocacy measures including granting cheap construction credits and no permit fees in an annual encouraging package that with other neighborhood base promotion increased housing construction in determinate areas. However this question has been mentioned that whether this kind of regeneration will lead to more sustainable neighborhoods and communities, especially in term of social sustainability?The main goal was evaluation of direct result and long-run impacts of regeneration program on main aspects of social sustainability in two selected neighborhood of Tehran, Shamshiry and Shobiry-Ja. Following a relatively comprehensive discussion on literature review and theoretical issues, assessment framework of social sustainability fixed on 9 main aspects and more then hundred criteria which classified in 3 levels, based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Data of each criterion gathered by questionnaire (716 sample, 46 criteria), observation (14 criteria), interview and documents (37 criteria) and evaluated based on national urban standards and analytical thresholds which are prevalent in social impact assessment studies. Overall results show in a few aspects, regeneration program has made both neighborhoods more sustainable. However in many areas the program has leaded to unsustainable outcomes for communities. Foreseeable trends shows, if the current direction insist to continue without improvements, will jeopardize all achievements of program and will make the social structure of neighborhoods unsustainable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Apology and forgiveness role in the sustainability of public life
morteza rahimi somayyeh soleymani

The present study which has been performed in descriptive-analytic way, answered to this question that “what is the role of apology and forgiveness in the sustainability of public life?” In definition of the answer it has been pointed out that Islam constantly advised t More

The present study which has been performed in descriptive-analytic way, answered to this question that “what is the role of apology and forgiveness in the sustainability of public life?” In definition of the answer it has been pointed out that Islam constantly advised the Muslims to peace and friendship, hatred avoidance and resolve disputes on the basis of moral values including apology and forgiveness. A number of treatises have been written by Islamic scholars on this basis such as Olfat Nameh, Mosadeqah Ekhvan and etc. In the culture of Ahl al-Bayt (AS), apology of the believers prevents worldly and otherworldly troublesome consequences and forgiveness is a beam of God morality, stepping into the footsteps of the prophets and apostles of God which leads to peace and harmony between the people and popularity of man with God. Apology and forgiveness is so important that according to the traditions, God apologizes the faithful in need similar to apology between brothers and guarantees the wages of such apology. Besides, this is one of the traits of pious and is not limited to faithful people. Even the Imams have apologized to the people like the Prophet Muhammad apologized to the Suffeh Companions. Apology and forgiveness acceptance plays an important role in stability of social life, as the life would be very bitter if people were criticizing for their rights and did not forget the failings of the others. Apology will be moral action if it is performed with required customs and without obligation at appropriate time and condition. Therefore, apology for good deeds and apology to someone who does not care for others is not desirable and is known as an immoral action. On the other hand, although apologizing and accepting excuses are desirable, it is immoral to force others for apology. The objective of current study is to define the importance of apology and forgiveness and encourage the stability of social life Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Value Orientated and Resistance Culture in the Modernist Poetry of the Post-Sacred Defense Era from 1991 to 2011
علی ترحمی Ali Eshghi Abolghasem AmirAhmadi

Although the roots of Resistance literature in Iran return to pre-Islamic era, the contemporary works are not comparable with the previous era in terms of the plurality, quality and the audience attention. The sacred defense poetry is one of the value orientated and res More

Although the roots of Resistance literature in Iran return to pre-Islamic era, the contemporary works are not comparable with the previous era in terms of the plurality, quality and the audience attention. The sacred defense poetry is one of the value orientated and resistance works produced in this period and afterwards. Therefore, the current paper aims at analyzing the value orientated and resistance culture in the modernist poetry of the post-sacred defense era from 1991 to 2011. Following the conceptual explanation of the research subject, the paper addresses the value orientated and resistance culture in the modernist poetry of the post-sacred defense era. This is a descriptive-analytical paper, given the thematic documents. Data was collected using library sources. The findings indicate that, firstly, the post-war conditions seem to have led the poets to combine templates and poetic themes to promote the value orientation and resistance culture. Secondly, post-war literature should be taken into account as the period of rehabilitation and flourishing of the resistance literature, which manifests itself in the documents of the sacred defense, and can be regarded as the source of inspiration and the motive of resistance and the prevalence of value orientation cultural. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Evaluating of Economic Sustainability Indicators in District 15 of Tehran(
batoul hoseinpour hoshang zahiri

Currently, the spatial distribution of services and economic indicators is one of the problems of urban management in responding to citizens. the aim of this project is to evaluate and analyze the levels of neighborhoods in District 15 in terms of having economic indica More

Currently, the spatial distribution of services and economic indicators is one of the problems of urban management in responding to citizens. the aim of this project is to evaluate and analyze the levels of neighborhoods in District 15 in terms of having economic indicators and determining the ranking of neighborhoods.The present study is in the field of applied research in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection in the field of survey research. In the present study, a semi-structured questionnaire and interview were used to collect data.The ANP network analysis method was used for data analysis and the Typsis method was used for ranking the neighborhoods.The findings indicate that among the economic indicators, the ability to pay living expenses with a weight of 0.154 ranks first, the amount of monthly savings with a weight of 0.153 ranks second and the ability to provide housing with a weight of 0.131 ranks third. It has gained economic stability among the indicators.The Taipei Method ranked the 15th District and found that Abuzar District 2 ranked first, South Afsaria District 5 ranked second, and District 4 Moshiria ranked third, according to economic criteria.Dimensions of Economic Sustainability Considering that economic development is the process of total growth on income, this is the first step and shows that economy is the main key for developing.Economic policies should be such that a kind of balance and coherence is established in different parts of Tehran.Therefore, the three main components of economic infrastructure, economic activity and economic facilities have been selected. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Impact of SC Enablers on SC Sustainability with moderating role of SC performance in machine made carpet industry of Iran.
Esmaeil Mazroui Nasrabadi abbas shoul

One problem of machine made carpet industry problems is short life, then attending to sustainability is crucial. In recent years, social dimension, environmental dimension and financial dimension is regarded as sustainability dimensions. For achieving sustainability, di More

One problem of machine made carpet industry problems is short life, then attending to sustainability is crucial. In recent years, social dimension, environmental dimension and financial dimension is regarded as sustainability dimensions. For achieving sustainability, diverse enablers have been introduced. The role of SC performance in this relationship is vague. In this study we investigated Impact of SC Enablers on SC Sustainability with moderating role of SC performance in machine made carpet industry of Iran. Statistical Society in first step is expert and in the second step is machine made carpet firms. For analyzing data, we use Delphi, EFA and DFA. Result has been showed that SC performance has the mediation role in the relationship between enablers and sustainability. In enabler's dimension, knowledge and info management and good relationship have the first importance. In SC performance and SC sustainability we didn't see any difference. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Ranking suppliers in sustainable supply chain, using data envelopment analysis (Case study: Region Six Water & Wastewater Company of Tehran)
Ali Naimi-Sadigh Arman Sajedinejad

The supply chain management debate is one of the most important discussions in the organizations. But there are many social, economic, and environmental problems encouraging organizations to use sustainable supply chain management. Because the sustainable supply cha More

The supply chain management debate is one of the most important discussions in the organizations. But there are many social, economic, and environmental problems encouraging organizations to use sustainable supply chain management. Because the sustainable supply chain is to improve the long-term supply chain performance to address the social, economic, and environmental problems of the traditional supply chain. Given that supply chains have grown rapidly in recent years, only paying attention to economic performance for cost optimization cannot lead to sustainable development in the supply chain, therefore, the impact of various activities involved in the supply chain on social life and Environmental issues that lead to sustainable development should also be considered. In this research, the goal of evaluation and ranking of sustainable supply chain suppliers is using the data envelopment analysis method. First of all, using previous studies in this area, we first identify the important variables of choosing sustainable supply chain suppliers according to the economic, environmental and social measures for the District 6 water and sewage company. Subsequently, according to an interview with experts in this area, we reduced the indexes. Finally, DEA models were ranked by the suppliers of sustainable supply chain water and sewage companies in District 6 of Tehran as a statistical population. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Designing a sustainable supply chain network under sanction conditions
Ezzatollah Asgharizadeh S. Ali Torabi Ali Mohaghar Mohammad Ali Zare Shourijeh

Nowadays, with the advent of the concepts of risk management and sustainability and increasing of social pressures to reduce the negative impacts of industries on the environment and society, it is almost impossible to make strategic decisions such as the supply chain n More

Nowadays, with the advent of the concepts of risk management and sustainability and increasing of social pressures to reduce the negative impacts of industries on the environment and society, it is almost impossible to make strategic decisions such as the supply chain network design (SCND) without considering these concerns. Accordingly, in this paper a general mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) was developed for designing a closed-loop supply chain network, under disruptions conditions and sustainability considerations (focusing on social aspects). This is a multi-echelon, multi-product and multi-modal supply chain network. The sanctions on raw materials (as disruption events) were considered in the mathematical model through planning some scenarios. The most important decision variables in this model are related to: supplier selection, quantity of each raw material, facilities location, products flow between different facilities and transportation modes. Finally, designing a closed-loop supply chain network in Iran's tire industry was taken as a real world case study to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed model. In addition, the sensitivity analysis on some of the important parameters was carried out. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - A New Algorithm for Fast Mode-Switching and Control of TCSC in Less than Half Cycle A New Algorithm for Fast Mode-Switching and Control of TCSC in Less than Half Cycle
M. Nayeripour M. M. Mansuri

Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) has been used for various purposes such as power system stability improving and increasing of loadability, loss reduction, line impedance compensation or power flow control. Fast switching of TCSC from capacitive mode to indu More

Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) has been used for various purposes such as power system stability improving and increasing of loadability, loss reduction, line impedance compensation or power flow control. Fast switching of TCSC from capacitive mode to inductive mode and vice versa following the fault and clearing of it respectively, is an essential key for improving transient and even dynamic stability of power system which have not been considered significantly. In this paper a new algorithm for fast mode-switching and control of TCSC in less than half cycle is proposed for changing capacitive to inductive mode and vice versa in less than half cycle. Simulation results show that the proposed method is faster and more reliable in different conditions than the existing method and can be used more effective in transient and dynamic stability improvement. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Optimal Location for Distributed Generation Based on Uuncertain Data
H. Goodarzi

The purpose of this paper is optimal location of distributed generation in electric distribution networks. Load uncertainty and desired voltage range has been modeled using fuzzy data theory. The objective function includes loss reduction, improvement of profile index a More

The purpose of this paper is optimal location of distributed generation in electric distribution networks. Load uncertainty and desired voltage range has been modeled using fuzzy data theory. The objective function includes loss reduction, improvement of profile index and voltage stability index with their relevant constraints, voltage constraints and transmittable power from the line. Load variation has been shown for three different time durations (peak, off peak and average).PSO technique has been used to optimize the objective function while Max-Min method has been applied to select the answer. Results produced from the proposed model have been provided in 5 different scenarios on a 33 bus system of IEEE. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - The Probabilistic Small Signal Stability Analysis and Coordinate Tuning of PSSs and TCSC in the Power System with Considering the Wind Farm Generation Uncertainty
H. Ahmadi H. Seifi

With the decreasing of the fossil fuels and increasing of the environmental pollution, using of renewable energy resources is growing rapidly. On the other hand, the restructured electricity industry causes to cooperation of the distributed generation resources in the c More

With the decreasing of the fossil fuels and increasing of the environmental pollution, using of renewable energy resources is growing rapidly. On the other hand, the restructured electricity industry causes to cooperation of the distributed generation resources in the competitive electricity market. In such situation, the presence of the wind farms in the power system in order to provide the system loads is quite favorable. However, wind farm generation depends on the wind speed and the uncertainty in the generation cause to some concerns about the connection and operation of the power system. So, in this paper, a probabilistic approach for small signal stability analysis with considering the wind farm generation uncertainty based on PCM method is proposed. The PCM method is based on the orthogonal polynomials which provide a linear model for desired output. The continuous changes of the wind farm generation level cause to variation on the operating point that the control equipment parameters should be adjusted based on the new operation conditions. Therefore, genetic algorithm and the approximate models which are obtained from the PCM method are used. In order to validate the proposed method, the IEEE 10-machine and IEEE 16-machine test system are used. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Reactive Power Management in the Presence of Wind Turbine Considering Uncertainty of Load and Generation
E. Moharamy S. Esmaeili

Reactive power management is very important in power systems for the secure transmission of active power, especially when a part of system generation is provided by stochastic sources like wind energy. This paper presents a new algorithm for reactive power management in More

Reactive power management is very important in power systems for the secure transmission of active power, especially when a part of system generation is provided by stochastic sources like wind energy. This paper presents a new algorithm for reactive power management in the presence of wind generators and considering the stochastic nature of these sources and load simultaneously .In this regard, the proposed probabilistic algorithm, minimizes the overall cost function of the system considering the cost of each of the reactive power sources including wind generators. Besides economic issues, the voltage stability margin, having sufficient reactive power reserve in each area of voltage control and considering transmission congestion probability as technical aspects of the planning, have been investigated .Another advantage of this method compared to the previous one, is using of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) and its capability in providing reactive power considering the constraints of grid side and rotor side converters. The proposed optimization algorithm uses a multi objective function with different weighting coefficients. This algorithm is applied to minimize total reactive power, cost and losses and maximize voltage stability margin and reactive power reserve, simultaneously, meanwhile the probabilistic nature of wind and load forecasting inaccuracy is considered in this algorithm. The proposed method is implemented on the IEEE 30-bus test system and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed algorithm in real conditions for PMSMs against internal faults, especially inter-turn faults. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Application of Wide-Area Synchrophasor Measurement System to Alleviate Blackouts by Rotor Angle Instability
S. Kiarostami S. Kiarostami

In this paper, a Wide-Area protection system to deal with rotor angle instabilities is proposed. Firstly, a system blackout model is developed and secondly the extreme contingencies that lead to large blackouts are extracted. Initiating events that ultimately lead to ro More

In this paper, a Wide-Area protection system to deal with rotor angle instabilities is proposed. Firstly, a system blackout model is developed and secondly the extreme contingencies that lead to large blackouts are extracted. Initiating events that ultimately lead to rotor angle instabilities are determined by artificial neural network (ANN). Coherent generators are detected by an algorithm using the data presented by phasor measurement units (PMUs). Based on identification of coherent generators, the power system is split into stable islands by disconnecting the weak interconnecting lines and load shedding. The performance of the proposed strategy is verified by simulations on the IEEE 39-bus sample power system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - A New Method for under Voltage Load Shedding Using Voltage Sensitivity and Load Reactive Power
J. Modarresi E. Gholipour A. Khodabakhshian

Load shedding is the last line of defense for controlling and stabilizing of the power system in the occurrence of a disturbance. Determining the amount and location of the load shedding are issues that the power system operators always have faced In this paper, a new m More

Load shedding is the last line of defense for controlling and stabilizing of the power system in the occurrence of a disturbance. Determining the amount and location of the load shedding are issues that the power system operators always have faced In this paper, a new method is proposed for determining the location of under voltage load shedding (UVLS). The proposed method, unlike the previous UVLS methods, uses two different factors to determine the effective location of UVLS. Considering the load reactive power in the process of determination of the UVLS location leads to disconnecting more reactive power during the initial steps of UVLS. Therefore, less active power sheds by the UVLS. To verify the accuracy of the proposed method, the proposed UVLS method accompanied with the method which uses the sensitivity of voltage with respect to the active power are implemented in IEEE 118-bus test system and New England 39 bus system. The obtained results show the superiority of the proposed method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Fault Location in Distribution Networks Using a Combination of Impedance Base Method and Voltage Sag
Mohammad Daisy R. Dashti

Load taps, laterals, and sub laterals are different branches of power distribution (PD) networks. In PD systems, reliability indices and their efficiency are improved using an accurate method in fault locating. In this paper, a new combined method for locating single, d More

Load taps, laterals, and sub laterals are different branches of power distribution (PD) networks. In PD systems, reliability indices and their efficiency are improved using an accurate method in fault locating. In this paper, a new combined method for locating single, double and three phase faults to ground is proposed in PD networks. In this article, for finding the possible fault locations, an impedance based fault-location algorithm is used. Then, for determining the faulty section, the new method is proposed using voltage sag matching algorithm. In this method, the possible fault locations are determined, after occurrence of single and double phase faults to ground, using an algorithm which is impedance based fault-location algorithm. Separately, the same fault is simulated in possible locations. Then, at the beginning of a feeder, the voltage is saved and the amplitude and angle of the voltage differences are determined and accordingly, an online data bank is generated. Then, the obtained and recorded amplitude and angle of the voltage differences (at the beginning of the feeder) is compared with that data bank, for the actual fault. By the matching value of each possible fault location, the real location of fault is determined. Compared to the other counterparts, the proposed method is more accurate in locating faults and less sensitive to the fault resistance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Online Estimation of Transient Stability in a Two-Area Power System Based on Local and Wide-Area Measurements
M. Arabzadeh H. Seifi Mohammad Kazem Sheikh El Eslami

Transient stability analysis (TSA) is one of the important issues in the power system operation. The common methods of TSA are typically based on offline simulations so that some preventive and corrective actions may be designed to be adopted in real time conditions. To More

Transient stability analysis (TSA) is one of the important issues in the power system operation. The common methods of TSA are typically based on offline simulations so that some preventive and corrective actions may be designed to be adopted in real time conditions. To reduce the risk of these actions, in this paper a new method of transient stability estimation is proposed in which both local and wide-area measurements are used. According to the proposed method, the coherent generator groups of the two-area power system are initially identified and then the system is simplified based on the single machine equivalent (SIME) method. Thereafter, the equal area (EA) criterion is used to estimate the system transient stability. The innovation of this paper is the calculation of the acceleration area of SIME system based on the acceleration areas calculated locally in generator buses. The proposed method is applied on a10-mchine 39-bus test system and its results are presented by further explanation of its technical advantages. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Voltage Stability Improvement of Microgrids Using Local Control Optimization
V. Bahrami Foroutan M. H. Moradi Mohammad Abedini

Stability challenges in Microgrids (MGs) usually arise from low inertia of Distributed Generation (DG). In this paper, a voltage stability improvement method is proposed in order to improve MG operation. Voltage Stability Index (VSI) is applied to evaluate and improve v More

Stability challenges in Microgrids (MGs) usually arise from low inertia of Distributed Generation (DG). In this paper, a voltage stability improvement method is proposed in order to improve MG operation. Voltage Stability Index (VSI) is applied to evaluate and improve voltage stability of MGs including different types of DGs. A new hybrid optimization is introduced to find the optimal operation of autonomous MG and to improve VSI. Operational optimization is performed by finding optimal droop parameters of DGs and sitting wind DGs to reduce energy generation cost. Optimization is defined as a multi-objective function and a hybrid HS-GA algorithm is applied to solve the optimization problem. A new power flow formulation is also proposed in which the steady state frequency, reference frequency, droop coefficients and, reference voltage of droop based DGs are considered as optimization variables. Results of proposed approach are compared with other methods for 33 and 69-bus IEEE systems using MATLAB software. Results prove the efficiency of proposed approach for operational improvement of MGs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Exponential Stability Analysis of Discrete Linear Teleoperation Systems with Nonuniform Sampling
A. Aminzadeh Ghavifekr A. Rikhteghar Ghiasi M. A. Badamchizadeh F. Hashemzadeh

Teleoperation systems have attracted more attention in processes that human operator’s availability is difficult. In this paper, using retarded functions, teleoperation systems have been modeled as a special case of Network Control Systems (NCS) with nonuniform sampling More

Teleoperation systems have attracted more attention in processes that human operator’s availability is difficult. In this paper, using retarded functions, teleoperation systems have been modeled as a special case of Network Control Systems (NCS) with nonuniform sampling and network delays. It is assumed that slave and master robots are linear and continues-time systems and input-delay approach is used for the stability analysis. Using the proposed Lyapunov function, the sufficient conditions for the stability of discrete network-based teleoperation system is proposed. It will be represented that the proposed conditions are less conservative than previous recent researches. Also an upper bound of sampling time for discrete control signals is computed in a manner that does not disturb the stability conditions. To meet this condition the problem is defined as the convex optimization program and is represented by the LMI terms. In the simulation part, the behavior of the teleoperation system under the nonuniform sampling is represented and the effect of sampling time on the trade-off between the stability and transparency has been studied. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Algebraic Stability Analysis and Stabilization by Proportional Controllers: Critical Inflection Point in Phase Diagram
kh. Neshat M. S. Tavazoei

This paper deals with algebraic stability analysis and investigating the existence of proportional stabilizing controllers on the basis of frequency response data. Firstly, it is shown that using the available results in this subject may yield in inconsistent subsequenc More

This paper deals with algebraic stability analysis and investigating the existence of proportional stabilizing controllers on the basis of frequency response data. Firstly, it is shown that using the available results in this subject may yield in inconsistent subsequences in the cases that there is a critical inflection point in phase diagram of the open-loop/process transfer function. Then, to solve this inconsistency problem some modifications are proposed. Finally, conditions for ensuring the existence of critical inflection point in phase diagram of a dynamical system are analytically found. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Stability Analysis of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Wind Turbine Systems Using Modal Analysis
Ahmad Jafari G. Shahgholian M. Zamanifar

In this paper, the modal analysis of a grid connected doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) using small signal stability analysis is presented and effect of variation in system parameters such as mutual inductance, stator resistance, line reactance, shaft stiffness and More

In this paper, the modal analysis of a grid connected doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) using small signal stability analysis is presented and effect of variation in system parameters such as mutual inductance, stator resistance, line reactance, shaft stiffness and wind speed on the eigenvalues, stability and damping ratio of different modes of system are studied. This analysis shows that which parameters variation can deviate the system from normal working conditions as well as which parameters variation can improve the system behavior. For evaluating the stability and different controllers design, the simulation results show the effects of parameters variations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Distributed Control Scheme Based on Model Predictive Control for Supplying Power in an Isolated DC Microgrid
Arash Abedi Behrooz Rezaie Alireza Khosravi مجید شهابی

In this paper, a control scheme is presented for an isolated DC microgrid including wind turbine connected to permanent magnet synchronous generator, electrical energy storage unit, and variable electrical loads. Energy sources are connected to a common bus through DC b More

In this paper, a control scheme is presented for an isolated DC microgrid including wind turbine connected to permanent magnet synchronous generator, electrical energy storage unit, and variable electrical loads. Energy sources are connected to a common bus through DC buck and buck-boost converters. The local distributed controllers are located in the first control layer. These controllers are designed based on a Lyapunov stability analysis and thereby its stability is guaranteed. Moreover, the current and voltage, injected to the network, are adjusted by controlling the switching functions of the converters. The decentralized secondary controllers determine the contribution of the local units for supplying the local loads. In this control layer, a model predictive controller for the wind generation unit as well as a proportional-integral controller for preserving the bus voltage are proposed to determine the reference currents for the local controllers. In addition to the practical simplicity, complete isolation of the secondary controllers, minimum requirements to data transfer, and providing a control structure without any need to change in development plan are the important advantages of the proposed control scheme. The performance of the controllers is investigated and verified using the simulations in MATLAB software performed for different cases. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - Controller Design and Asymptotic Stability Analysis of a Buck Converter with a Cascade Control Structure Using Singular Perturbation Theory
Sajad Azarastemal Mohammad Hejri

This paper presents the theoretical proof for the closed-loop asymptotic stability of a DC-DC buck converter based on singular perturbation theory. Due to the two-time scales structure of this converter with fast and slow dynamics, a cascade control structure is used to More

This paper presents the theoretical proof for the closed-loop asymptotic stability of a DC-DC buck converter based on singular perturbation theory. Due to the two-time scales structure of this converter with fast and slow dynamics, a cascade control structure is used to control it. This controller has two control loops: an outer loop to control the output voltage based on the proportional-integral control and an inner loop to control the inductor current based on the sliding mode control. The controllers in the loops are designed based on perturbation theory to meet the constraints of the converter and ensure the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system over a wide range of initial conditions. For validation, the proposed control design method is simulated for a typical buck converter in the MATLAB-SIMULINK environment. The simulation results show that by properly selecting the PI controller coefficients in the outer loop, the problem requirements are met, and the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed in a wide range of the converter initial conditions. Furthermore, the system robustness against load uncertainty and input disturbances as well as the voltage reference tracking are evaluated, and the proposed structure is compared with a PI-PI structure. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - H∞ Robust Stability Augmentation System Design by Genetic Optimal Coefficient for HUAV MIMO Model with Coupled Dynamics
zahra salamati zahra nejati alireza faraji

Nowadays, Unmanned helicopters are used widely in many applications because they have high maneuverability and can take off and landing in many areas, and its stability has special importance. Without stability augmentation system (SAS), the helicopter is not maneuverab More

Nowadays, Unmanned helicopters are used widely in many applications because they have high maneuverability and can take off and landing in many areas, and its stability has special importance. Without stability augmentation system (SAS), the helicopter is not maneuverable. Stability augmentation system or SAS design for helicopter decreases disturbances effects and improve performance. In this paper a robust SAS is designed for nonlinear dynamic model of ANCL helicopter in hover mode, this model is unstable, multivariable, under-actuated with coupling between dynamics Due to specific characteristics for liner model of the system in this paper, some filters are designed for input signals of actuators for decoupling of system dynamics in closed loop system, so these loops will become decoupled. PI controller is conventional to design of SAS in small helicopters, so PI coefficients are designed robustly for each decoupled control loop and this is designed by H_∞ Robust problem and optimized by genetic algorithm. Finally, obtained controllers are simulated for nonlinear model helicopter in hover mode that results show robustness against of nonlinear model uncertainty and disturbances. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Improving the Transient Stability of Grid Connected Converter During Severe Voltage Drop by Virtual Impedance
Omid Abdoli E. Gholipour R. Hooshmand

With the rise in the penetration of inverter based distributed energy sources, grid codes say that converters should not be disconnected during the fault. These sources should also help the grid by reactive power injection. Power system grids are resistive inductive and More

With the rise in the penetration of inverter based distributed energy sources, grid codes say that converters should not be disconnected during the fault. These sources should also help the grid by reactive power injection. Power system grids are resistive inductive and the converter may be unstable during the fault. Converters use phase locked loop (PLL) to synchronize with the grid. PLL is not able to be stable during severe voltage drop, so converters cannot ride through the fault and should be disconnected. In this paper a novel method based on virtual impedance is proposed to maintain the synchronization during severe voltage drop. This method needs grid impedance estimation and virtually connects the converter to a point that has a stronger connection. By this novel method, during voltage drop, the converter stays connected to the grid and injects reactive power. Simulation results in MATLAB verify the ability of proposed method in improving the transient stability of converter. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Sustainable development of the neighborhood in the direction of social happiness and public happiness (Analysis of principles, dimensions and indicators)
Shiva Shokri Raheleh Rostami Fatemeh Mozaffari

Sustainable development is a potential solution to some important social challenges such as happiness, which is an ultimate goal for human beings and happiness is often seen as an individual trait for which each person is solely responsible. However, it is also a social More

Sustainable development is a potential solution to some important social challenges such as happiness, which is an ultimate goal for human beings and happiness is often seen as an individual trait for which each person is solely responsible. However, it is also a social trait that is influenced by external factors. The present article reviews the parameters and goals of sustainable development to achieve happiness, the most important quantitative and qualitative criteria in five areas of happiness and ecological, economic, social and cultural sustainability through them, one can evaluate and promote happiness in neighborhoods and a brief insight about the neighborhood development project . The tool can also be used in future sustainable neighborhoods for fun projects. Finally, he suggests that sustainable development should promote happiness while rebuilding local economies and ecosystems, strengthening social ties and revives or preserves desirable cultural traditions, as well as provides an alternative framework for sustainable social development that focuses on improving the opportunities for happiness and well-being of society. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Explaining the Sustainability of the Urban Space System by Formulating, Determining and Prioritizing Urban Development Strategies; Case Study: Kashan
aboozar vafaei rasol heidary soreshjani

Today, cities encounter major urbanization and instability problems in innumerable dimensions, and traditional patterns in the form of urban development plans have not been able to lessen the disorder and instability of the urban space system. Thus, traditional approach More

Today, cities encounter major urbanization and instability problems in innumerable dimensions, and traditional patterns in the form of urban development plans have not been able to lessen the disorder and instability of the urban space system. Thus, traditional approaches failure to deal with urban problems has led to the formation of a strategic attitude. Regarding the issue, Kashan is one of the cities that has feasibly accompanied with many physical, economic, socio-cultural disturbances influenced by high physical growth and its incompatibility with the capacity of urban infrastructure and ultimately inefficiency of urban development plans that caused the development of the city towards imbalance and spatial stability. In line with the previous studies regarding the pattern of scattered urban growth and the inability of urban development plans to meet the needs and deal with the problems of Kashan, this research is to proceed with explaining the stability of Kashan spatial system by formulating, determining and prioritizing urban development strategies within the framework of a specific conceptual structure. In terms of purpose, the type of research is applied-developmental and concerning the method, is descriptive-analytic. The approach of the present study is also a strategic attitude based on a systemic approach. The results of the research show that the type of strategy applied to stabilize the space system of Kashan is a defensive strategy. While in the evaluation provided in prioritizing strategies using the VIKOR model and choosing the optimized strategy, showed that “Developing the economic development document of the city in accordance with the capabilities and comparative and competitive advantages, especially in the field of industry, tourism and agricultural products” should be considered a priority in urban development programs as a superior strategy by city officials and managers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - ارزیابی شاخص های اقتصادی محلات منطقه 15 کلان شهر تهران
هوشنگ ظهیری

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Comparison of rating systems of sustainable buildings in order to develop indicators for assessing the stability of cold and dry climate in Iran
elahe nouri segherlou Vahid Ghobadian

Today, we face numerous and diverse indicators in the discussion of sustainability. These indicators link sustainability to other concepts such as welfare, health, social cohesion, and they are also considered in the activities of design and planning time, construction, More

Today, we face numerous and diverse indicators in the discussion of sustainability. These indicators link sustainability to other concepts such as welfare, health, social cohesion, and they are also considered in the activities of design and planning time, construction, and operation. So, designing a sustainability assessment system for different regions of Iran is necessary and helpful to develop this country. The purpose is to show "the non-generalizability of international systems for use in different regions and climates and" the need to localize evaluation systems " and also emphasize the need to design an evaluation system according to the problems and facilities of the context, Attention to spatial capacities, modeling of traditional sustainable climate architecture as well as cold and dry climate ecological studies of Iran. This study first tries to prove the nature of these systems by analyzing the basis of production of stability assessment systems and the roots of the weighting of international, indigenous, and regional systems. Then, compile the structure and architectural elements of the hot and dry climate according to the basic stability indicators. To meet the aim, first, studying the existing evaluation systems as a case study shows that in all systems, even systems are known as international, regional coefficients are effective in weighting the indicators. Also, they are designed based on a regional context. Based on the research findings and the reviewed systems, the coefficients of headings and indicators are mainly based on regional indicators. Therefore, this system cannot be generalized to other regions, despite the claim of international design. By analyzing the findings from the Delphi technique and examining the climatic and social situation of the cold and dry climate of Iran, the proposed indicators for the cold and dry climate were introduced. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - Power Structure and Its Relation to Family Instability (National study in Iranian society)
forozandeh jafarzadehpour

The structure of power in the family is an important issue that affects the stability of the family. In recent decades, various changes have taken place at different national levels and also within the Iranian family, which has left an impact on family stability. The ma More

The structure of power in the family is an important issue that affects the stability of the family. In recent decades, various changes have taken place at different national levels and also within the Iranian family, which has left an impact on family stability. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between power structure and its relationship with family instability in Iran. This study has investigated the relationship between two variables using the secondary analysis method of 3819 married people in the National Family Survey data. The structure of power in three indicators of power construction, freedom of action and exercise of power, the method of exercising power with relevant sub-indicators and family instability in three indicators at the levels of action (marital conflict, and violence) and attitude (attitude to divorce) were studied under sub-indicators. Findings show that while the overall power structure in the Iranian family is significantly symmetrical, some indicators of power such as freedom of action and the exercise of power and methods of exercising power have significant effects on marital conflict, violence and divorce attitudes and increase family instability. In order to reduce divorce and increase family stability, it is necessary to allocate various programs and services, including counseling, etc., to families with more marital conflicts and families where more violence is reported. Men and women also have different attitudes toward the power structure and attitudes toward the consequences of divorce, and women are more tolerant of the consequences of divorce. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - A Development for Sustainable Business Model of Ecolodges
Hamid Hashemi mahmoud ziaei Vajhollah ghorbanizadeh mahmoud jomehpour

10.52547/jstpi.36888.18.72.1

Considering the increasing development of ecolodges in Iran and also their role in the development of sustainable tourism, it seems that a comprehensive and successful business model for this socio-economic institution has not yet been introduced. The purpose of this st More

Considering the increasing development of ecolodges in Iran and also their role in the development of sustainable tourism, it seems that a comprehensive and successful business model for this socio-economic institution has not yet been introduced. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the sustainability of ecolodges and propose a sustainable business model based on the knowledge of experts and managers of these businesses. The research method of this paper is qualitative and thematic analysis has been used with deductive approach and descriptive-inferential method. The required data has been provided through the analysis of semi-structured experts interviews. The research community has been the managers of successful ecolodges and knowledgeable university professors and experts in the field of entrepreneurship and tourism in the country. Purposeful judgmental sampling method was used to select the research sample and the interviews were continued until theoretical saturation. The research tools were semi-structured in-depth interviews as well as the results based on the themes obtained from the content analysis of scientific texts. The findings show that according to the proposed sustainable business model, ecolodges need to be integrated and important for all three dimensions of economy, community and environment in order to have long-term sustainability and survival. The results of this study show that the sustainability of new businesses and ecolodges depends on adopting a diverse income portfolio and trying to achieve benefits in three dimensions: economic, socio-cultural, environmental, in other words, attention to the benefits, people and land. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - Reconnecting Human and Nature for Landscape Sustainability
Marziyeh Tahmasbi خسرو دانشجو

Nature is the most important environmental variable that has affected human life since beginning of history. Humans play a role in nature both as users and as participants in nature's preservation. Therefore, there is always a mutual relationship between humans and natu More

Nature is the most important environmental variable that has affected human life since beginning of history. Humans play a role in nature both as users and as participants in nature's preservation. Therefore, there is always a mutual relationship between humans and nature. However, there has been a great separation between humans and the natural environment in recent years due to various reasons, especially urbanization, which has had many consequences. Thus, based on sustainability research, societies' demands for reconnection with nature have increased. Yet, there is relatively little coherence about what reconnecting to nature means, why it should happen, and how it is achieved. This reconnection can play a significant role in responding to many environmental challenges. The study's purpose is to create a conceptual framework for a better understanding of how human beings interact with nature to strengthen this relationship. The research method is based on the statements and its qualitative approach, content analysis and interpretation of the findings. This study tried to present a conceptual framework to organize existing literature and direct future research on human-nature connections and discussed how reconnecting people with nature can function as a treatment for the global environmental crisis. In this paper, the data are collected using library studies. After summarizing and categorizing them, they are analyzed in descriptive and interpretive manners. The results show that to achieve advance and strengthen the relationship between man and nature, comprehensive measures at the individual and social levels and policy interventions demand specific changes. Finally, this strengthening of human individual and social relations with nature can be effective in achieving the goals of sustainability. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - Investigating the components of green schools with a sustainable architecture approach (Case study: Elementary schools in Urmia)
mehrdad heydarzadeh javad sharifnezhad

One of the main indicators of hard-working countries in environmental protection is policy making towards education as the third dimension of sustainable development, which green schools play an important role as a global environmental education program based on interna More

One of the main indicators of hard-working countries in environmental protection is policy making towards education as the third dimension of sustainable development, which green schools play an important role as a global environmental education program based on international standards. The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of the green school indicators with a sustainable architecture approach coming true in primary schools in Urmia. For this reason, the descriptive - survey method has been used. The required data were collected and analyzed by a questionnaire tool after obtaining green school indicators from the research literature. The results of the research indicate that the primary schools of Urmia have the green school indicators lower than the average. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - Unemployment, Uneven Regional Development And Spatial Patterns of Internal Migration in Iran
Rasoul Sadeghi

Internal migration and movement occur in response to a wide range of factors with different effectiveness. One of the important and key contexts for the formation of internal migration is spatial inequality in facilities, opportunities and development components. In thi More

Internal migration and movement occur in response to a wide range of factors with different effectiveness. One of the important and key contexts for the formation of internal migration is spatial inequality in facilities, opportunities and development components. In this regard, the article uses the secondary analysis of the 2016 census data at the provincial and county levels to investigate the impact of youth unemployment and unequal regional development on internal migration in Iran. The results showed the spatial clusters of unemployment and underdevelopment in the country and inequality in access to economic and social resources and opportunities on the one hand, and regional differences in migration rates, on the other hand. The highest level of development and the lowest unemployment rate of young people, as well as high immigration in the central regions of the country, especially the capital. In contrast, the western, northwestern, eastern and southeastern border regions have the lowest level of development and the highest unemployment and emigration rates. Therefore, internal migration is a dynamic, multidimensional process that arises from structural conditions and regional inequalities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - Definition
اصغر Molaei

Contexts as valuable domestic elements and factors can have a high role in redefinition urban competitiveness. Studying in identical contexts, especially in the natural, cultural, social, and economic dimensions, will advance the sustainable competitive advantage, can b More

Contexts as valuable domestic elements and factors can have a high role in redefinition urban competitiveness. Studying in identical contexts, especially in the natural, cultural, social, and economic dimensions, will advance the sustainable competitive advantage, can be create the desirable economy future. The purpose of this research is to definition the role of identical contexts in urban competition and how to create competitive advantage in the context of an analytical and documentary research with an underlying strategy. Contextual competitive advantages can be defined in the natural, geographical, historical, physical, cultural, social, economic, and scientific and sports contexts. Contexts are a set of intrinsic and inseparable elements of phenomena, the emergence of their identity. The contexts of cities and regions are a constructive dimension of spatial, temporal, cultural, social, and other existing components. These areas represent the dynamic identity of cities and regions over time and space and are characterized by their differentiation. Identifying and focusing and emphasizing the value of identity of cities and regions in terms of capability and sustainability can help to improve their compatibility. In other words, the field of growth, progress and competitiveness of the power of cities and regions. The most important strategies presented are: development of religious tourism infrastructure; branding and development of historical, cultural, social, sporting, natural and environmental tourism infrastructure. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Comparing the two materials, brick (traditional material) and Heblex Block (new material), in relation to energy consumption and economy
samaneh foroughian hasan zolfagharzadeh

Saving fossil fuels and using clean energy sources leads to utilization costs reduction and the environment & human well-being protection. Building walls and used materials are considered the main sources of energy waste. Brick is a building material that backs to ancie More

Saving fossil fuels and using clean energy sources leads to utilization costs reduction and the environment & human well-being protection. Building walls and used materials are considered the main sources of energy waste. Brick is a building material that backs to ancient history; the reason for using it is its stability, cheapness, and high manufacturing speed. Now, its use is less considered for some reasons, such as increasing population density, the construction of multi-story buildings, overweight, the requirement of higher labor, and the lack of insulation. Likewise, Heblex blocks have become more widely used as they eliminated many defects of bricks, although brick is still being used. Considering the importance of energy in recent decades and the emphasis of national building regulations on the insulation of buildings and less energy consumption, this study focuses on comparing two materials, bricks and Heblex blocks, with each other in terms of energy cooling and heating consumption, and the building gas and electricity fuel consumption, as well as the amount of financial saving in electricity and gas consumption. This research was conducted by Design Builder software, and the studied model was selected as a cube with dimensions of 4 * 10 * 10 in the Mashhad climate. The investigated model has been modeled in the software. Then, the amount of cooling, heating, and the total load of the building in two cases, brick walls and Hablex materials, have been extracted, and the results have been stated as a percentage. The obtained results show that replacing bricks wall with Heblex blocks will save the energy consumption of the building up to 55.12%. In the next step, the electricity and gas price for both models has been estimated. And it was found that replacing the brick with Heblx Blocks could assist the household economy by almost 55.5% by saving from paying electricity and gas bills. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - Wide Area out of Step Prediction of Interconnected Power System Using Decision Tree C5.0 Based on WAMS Data
Soheil Ranjbar

This paper presents a new method for Out-of-Step detection in synchronous generators based on Decision Tree theory. For distinguishing between power swing and out-of-step conditions a series of input features are introduced and used for decision tree training. For gener More

This paper presents a new method for Out-of-Step detection in synchronous generators based on Decision Tree theory. For distinguishing between power swing and out-of-step conditions a series of input features are introduced and used for decision tree training. For generating input training samples, a series of measurements are taken under various faults including operational and topological disturbances. The proposed method is simulated over 10 machines 39-bus IEEE test system and the simulation results are prepared as input-output pairs for decision tree induction and deduction. The merit of proposed out-of-step protection scheme lies in adaptivity and robustness of input features under different input scenarios Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - Stabilizing and Synchronizing the Islanded Microgrid with the Presence of Sensor and Actuator Fault and Cyber-Attack with Secondary Controller Design
Abdollah Mirzabeigi Ali Kazemy Mehdi Ramezani Seyed Mohammad Azimi

In many microgrid control methods, the output information of sensors and actuators of neighbouring distributed generators (DGs) is used to stabilize and synchronize voltage and frequency. Many problems such as disturbances, uncertainty, unmodeled dynamics, cyber-attacks More

In many microgrid control methods, the output information of sensors and actuators of neighbouring distributed generators (DGs) is used to stabilize and synchronize voltage and frequency. Many problems such as disturbances, uncertainty, unmodeled dynamics, cyber-attacks, noise, time delay, and measurement errors cause invalid data problems and errors in the system. Better microgrid control depends on the quality of data measured or sent from the output of sensors and actuators. In this paper, according to the advantages of the Cooperative distributed hierarchical control, it is used for control and synchronization in the islanded microgrid with the presence of sensor and actuator error. To synchronize DGs with multi-agent systems and communication channels, it is modeled with graph theory. To stabilize and synchronize, sensor and actuator error in the DG model is mathematically formulated. In the proof of stability and synchronization, the appropriate Lyapunov candidate is presented and the conditions of stability and synchronization are proved. Finally, to show the effectiveness of the designed controller in solving communication channel problems and verifying the presented theory, a case study is simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink software environment with the presence of error and cyber-attack of sensors and actuators. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - Examining the components of the LEED index in the improvement of the second secondary schools of Semnan province with an ecological approach
farzad mohammadi Mohammad Rahmani ghasbeh Gholamhosein naseri

Today, due to the fact that non-renewable energy resources are running out and the destruction caused by the use of these resources leads to the environment; The attention of countries has been drawn towards the use of renewable resources and sustainable development. At More

Today, due to the fact that non-renewable energy resources are running out and the destruction caused by the use of these resources leads to the environment; The attention of countries has been drawn towards the use of renewable resources and sustainable development. At this time, the attitude towards green architectural approaches in schools has a special place because in addition to observing the basic points of green buildings and saving energy, the existence of such schools is an educational tool for teaching sustainable practices to students. The purpose of this research is to investigate the degree of realization of the components of green schools based on the LEED standard tool with an ecological approach in the secondary schools of Semnan province for improvement. In terms of practical purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method and rating and scoring tool, the present research is LEED in the sense of design and environmental guide. The statistical population includes all secondary schools in Semnan province. The data collection tool was a questionnaire and standard indicators, after collecting information and data from the questionnaires; The data were analyzed using Spss software version 22 and with descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that the LEED index for checking the improvement of suitable schools and from the point of view of having green schools and components are in the lower than average range. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - Bounded Delays in Switching Signal for Switched Affine Systems
Arman Sehatnia F. Hashemzadeh Mahdi Baradarannia

In this article, the consequence of the presence of delay in the switch signal for switched affine systems is investigated. First, based on the principles of stability, the process of extracting the switch law as the only control input is examined, then by presenting th More

In this article, the consequence of the presence of delay in the switch signal for switched affine systems is investigated. First, based on the principles of stability, the process of extracting the switch law as the only control input is examined, then by presenting the practical stability issue for switched systems, more realistic view of these systems is proposed. The main focus of the article will be on the effect of delay in the transmission of switching signal information. The presence of limited delay in switching signal is usually caused by high volume of switching law calculations or any cyber attacks. In this paper, the practical Lyapunov stability results related to the states before and after the presence of delay in switching signal for a linear switched affine system are compared analytically and simulated. The results of the comparison of these modes show that when the value of delay in switching signal increases, the ultimate limit of the error for system states becomes larger, and this means a decrease in the convergence of the system states. In this regard, the results implemented for a DC-DC power converter and the necessary comparisons are presented in the last chapter. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - Investigating sustainable neighborhood development indicators in the third district of Tehran, a case study of Zargandeh neighborhood
ziba hatamigharibvand Fateme Adibi Saadinejad

The purpose of this research is to investigate the indicators of sustainable development in Zargande neighborhood, district 3 of Tehran, and in general to identify the differences and inequalities between neighborhoods and to rank them in terms of the status and level o More

The purpose of this research is to investigate the indicators of sustainable development in Zargande neighborhood, district 3 of Tehran, and in general to identify the differences and inequalities between neighborhoods and to rank them in terms of the status and level of enjoying neighborhood sustainable development indicators, and to show the development levels of neighborhoods in terms of the amount of facilities. and accesses and benefits. And in this article, after reviewing the concepts of sustainability, definitions and goals of sustainability, and analyzing and analyzing sustainability indicators and their application on Zargande district in the 3rd district of Tehran, it is tried to use a descriptive analytical method and using the SWOT model of neighborhood sustainable development indicators in this research. It has been analyzed based on the practical purpose and on the basis of the descriptive-analytical nature of the result of this research, it indicates that Zargandeh neighborhood is one of the neighborhoods of the 3rd district of Tehran in terms of sustainable development in a very low rank compared to the other districts of the 3rd district. This neighborhood is located in Tehran, in terms of sustainability, according to the physical, spatial, economic, cultural, social and environmental indicators, it has very high weaknesses, which in the following, by studying the indicators, criteria and sub-criteria, etc., to provide solutions and We have made proposals for formations to solve their problems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - Identification and analysis of the requirements for the use of sustainable development frameworks in the infrastructure projects of the intercity transport sector (case study: projects of the transport sector of the Khorasan Razavi General Road and Urbanization Department)
ebrahim alamatian fatemeh kashizadeh sharbaf mohamad mehdi rashidian mohamadreza shakiba ehsan fereshtepour

Today, issues such as population growth and climate change have greatly affected societies in the optimal use of natural resources while maintaining and improving the quality of life. Meanwhile, infrastructures are at the heart of this challenge. In such conditions, bui More

Today, issues such as population growth and climate change have greatly affected societies in the optimal use of natural resources while maintaining and improving the quality of life. Meanwhile, infrastructures are at the heart of this challenge. In such conditions, building infrastructure facilities and improving the quality of existing infrastructures is a critical issue, and Iran is not exempt from these conditions. In this regard, it is necessary to find ways to minimize the negative effects of development on the environment and affected communities. Sustainability rating and evaluation systems can play an important role in moving towards sustainability. Therefore, the current research aims to respond to the need to extend the life span and improve the performance quality of the infrastructure in Iran, and has sought to evaluate the infrastructure of the inter-city transportation sector from the perspective of sustainability. The evaluation is based on the Envision evaluation system for the projects of the Khorasan Razavi Department of Roads and Urban Development. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS. According to the results, 5 indicators of quality of life, project management, resource allocation, natural environment and climate and resilience are important. The analysis of the obtained data showed that among the 14 sub-indicators of the evaluation system, for the projects of the General Administration of Roads and Urbanization of Khorasan Razavi, the sub-indicators of economy and society have the most impact and the sub-indicator of pollutants have the least impact. Finally, the criteria of each of these sub-indices were prioritized. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - Explaining the components of environmental sustainability of pilgrimage buildings in Iran with an emphasis on the sustainable building assessment systems
ZAHRA ERFANIZADEH Shahin Heidari Pirouz Hanachi

Problem and necessity: In order to create sustainable buildings, systems have been developed to evaluate the performance of buildings, separated by use. Due to the prevalence of Islam and Shia religion in Iran, one of the most used buildings are religious-pilgrimage bui More

Problem and necessity: In order to create sustainable buildings, systems have been developed to evaluate the performance of buildings, separated by use. Due to the prevalence of Islam and Shia religion in Iran, one of the most used buildings are religious-pilgrimage buildings, the number of which is significant and influential in terms of sustainability. However, until now, these buildings have not been reviewed from the point of view of achieving sustainable development goals, and criteria for this review have not been defined. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to provide special criteria for evaluating a sustainable pilgrimage building and then upgrade and improve these holy places based on these criteria. The purpose of the research: The aim of the current research is to design a model to evaluate pilgrimage buildings in achieving the goals of sustainable development in the building sector in Iran. research method: The research is in the stage of collecting information by survey method. In order to increase the validity of the questionnaire, the initial questionnaires were designed and approved by studying similar questionnaires in researches and consulting professors and a number of elite board membersof Delphi method. Then, a number of questionnaires were distributed among each part of the statistical population and all identified ambiguities were resolved and the final questionnaire was distributed. The consistency rate of less than 0.1 of the questionnaires confirmed the reliability of the questionnaires. In the step of data analysis, Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were used. Research result and suggestion: The results of Delphi analysis were the introduction of a model consisting of 10 headings and 94 criteria. According to the results of the AHP method, among the criteria introduced to achieve a sustainable pilgrimage building in Iran, the first three priorities are: "sustainable management and processes", "technical and functional quality" and "water". Based on these results, an evaluation system and a special weighting system for sustainable pilgrimage buildings in Iran were proposed. The suggestions of the research are preparation of special management annexes, self-sufficient design of energy and water and sewage infrastructures and more serious pursuit of water consumption optimization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - A review of the literature and future directions in the functional development of sustainability in the tourism industry
SHAHRAM RAFIEI NAEINI Atena Herfehgar Mitra Hosseinpour Sharafshad Mahbube Jurjani

In recent decades, the outlook for economic activities in the tourism and hospitality industries has been increasingly unstable. Despite the high number of articles published in sustainability science with different approaches and topics, it has been extremely scattered More

In recent decades, the outlook for economic activities in the tourism and hospitality industries has been increasingly unstable. Despite the high number of articles published in sustainability science with different approaches and topics, it has been extremely scattered. The purpose of the preliminary review is to provide a structured overview of published articles related to the evaluation of sustainability performance in the tourism and hospitality industry and documentation in terms of the current state of the literature, categorization of published articles, analysis and linking to the studied trends. and also, to highlight gaps and provide scientific research recommendations. The method and investigation in this proposed research include two consecutive methodological steps. First, how to identify articles as a data collection approach and then how to analyze these articles. In this article, the results show that the sustainability assessment models in the tourism and hospitality industry should be more balanced, criteria and relationships should be defined in an appropriate way, and the subjectivity of subjective criteria inherent in sustainability indicators should be considered. To deal with this mentality, other analytical methods and group decision-making techniques can be used that can deal with uncertainty, conflicting indicators and linguistic evaluations and can be used in future works. By presenting research gaps, this review encourages researchers to develop practically applicable sustainability performance assessment frameworks to help assess and compare the degree of sustainability and lead to more sustainable business practices. This review defines the sustainability performance assessment of tourism and hospitality companies for the first time, examines the gap between sustainability accounting and sustainability assessment, and provides a structured overview of innovative research recommendations on the integration of analytical assessment methods into unique sustainability conceptual frameworks provides. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

59 - Review evaluation of systematic literature (green marketing) and analysis of definitions, strategy steps and tools in tourism and hospitality industry (green focus)
SHAHRAM RAFIEI NAEINI Atena Herfehgar Mitra Hosseinpour Sharafshad Mahbube Jurjani

In recent years, growing international concerns about environmental sustainability and climate change are pushing all tourism and hospitality companies (green) to challenge and integrate environmental issues into their strategy and business activities. give, the purpose More

In recent years, growing international concerns about environmental sustainability and climate change are pushing all tourism and hospitality companies (green) to challenge and integrate environmental issues into their strategy and business activities. give, the purpose of the preliminary review of this article; Investigating the main drivers of innovation in systematic literature (green marketing). Considering that the number of tourism and hospitality companies (green-oriented) that develop green products is growing rapidly and consumers (customers) have shown an increasing interest in these products. Therefore, knowing the main characteristics of green products, identifying the factors affecting the price and willingness of consumers to pay more for them, sales channels and advertising tools (4Ps of green marketing) will be very useful for companies that intend to design, develop and market. Green products For this reason, a deep understanding of green marketing promotes, on the one hand, cleaner production through the development of green products and, on the other hand, sustainable consumption through their successful marketing. This study uses a systematic literature review method. Specifically, this paper analyzes: 1) dominant definitions of green marketing (and related concepts) and their evolution over time, 2) different steps to create a green marketing strategy, and 3) characteristics of green marketing mix elements. After searching academic publications in three databases (Absco, Scopus and Web of Science) and selecting publications based on their relevance to the stated objectives, 114 studies were included in the review. The results show that the definition of green marketing has changed over time due to the growing relevance of environmental sustainability. According to green marketing strategy, several ways to segment consumers have been identified. Studies are converging on green brand positioning rather than green product positioning, and many of them see it as a chance for differentiation. Referring to the green marketing mix, the results show that: There are many types of green products. And as such, it has important implications for tourism industry managers, researchers and students. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

60 - Pathology of Erotic Marriage (Case Study: Women Applying for Divorce in Tehran City)
Sara Tahmanesh bagher sarokhani Akbar Tahmanesh

Erotic courtship and marriage as a type of mate selection increasing due to social changes and change in family functions. In this type of mate selection attention focused on body and physical capital and accordingly spouses enter to marriage market. Statistical data in More

Erotic courtship and marriage as a type of mate selection increasing due to social changes and change in family functions. In this type of mate selection attention focused on body and physical capital and accordingly spouses enter to marriage market. Statistical data indicates parents’ role decrease in mate selection processes. It seems that socio- cultural changes and diffusion of new marriage patterns, as well as individualism caused such variation. The main objective of present article is to pathology of erotic courtship and marriage on family instability with emphasis on socio- cultural elements. The structural functionalism theory, Gidden’s pure relationship and modernization theory explain the theoretical model of research. Survey method applied for data collection. A sample of 180 female divorce applicants whom had erotic mate selection referring to Family Judicial Complex No. 2 in Tehran in the fourth quarter of the year 1400 (2021-2022) interviewed. Finding indicate 86% of respondents, realized that they could not continue it as soon as first three years of common life. 41.7% without consulting parents or any other person and based on individual decision get married. The findings show that the most important factors of family instability are nature of erotic marriage along with increasing individualism and decreasing parental authority as well as modernity. It seems that with the continuation of social and individual changes, Iranian society will face an increase in family instability in the future. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

61 - Examining the role of the effects of sustainability standard certificates in measures (competitiveness and performance) in green-oriented hotels (case study: Parsian Hotel - Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province)
SHAHRAM RAFIEI NAEINI abdolreza farajirad

Nowadays, environmental, social and governance issues in geographic environments is at the forefront of hospitality companies' agenda due to the increasing pressure of stakeholders regarding the adverse social and environmental effects of tourism companies' actions. The More

Nowadays, environmental, social and governance issues in geographic environments is at the forefront of hospitality companies' agenda due to the increasing pressure of stakeholders regarding the adverse social and environmental effects of tourism companies' actions. The purpose of the preliminary study is to examine the benefits of sustainability certificates for businesses, their impact on the financial performance of hospitality companies, and it is not clear at the level of the competitive set (compost). To fill the above gap in the literature, this study used the data of Parsian Hotel - Chaharmahal province and Bakhtiari as a green hotel. To compare the impact of sustainability certificates on key performance indicators in the hotel to its comp (eg, occupancy, average daily rate, revenue per available room). Methodology In this study, we used various random effect models to test our hypotheses to determine whether receiving certification improves hotel performance, whether hotels should respond to a hotel receiving certification, and whether the order of response and timing of response Does it matter or not? Our sample consists of an unbalanced panel dataset of 51,625 monthly observations from the standard-certified Parsian International Hotel located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. We chose Parsian International Hotel based on the previous confirmation and greenness by several studies that this province is a tourist destination as the eco pole of the nature tourism museum and the said hotel includes all levels. Our findings suggest that certified hotels can enhance themselves compared to competitors through first-mover advantage. In conclusion, this study provides significant contributions to the literature on environmental management and competitive dynamics in the hospitality industry. We provide managers with guidelines on when to respond to other hotels in their competitive portfolio when receiving sustainability certification. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

62 - Redefinition the Contextual Urban Competitiveness Potentials in Cities and Regions Development
Asghar Molaei

Asghar molaei Abstract Contexts as valuable domestic elements and factors can have a high role in redefinition urban competitiveness. Studying in identical contexts, especially in the natural, cultural, social, and economic dimensions, will advance the sustainabl More

Asghar molaei Abstract Contexts as valuable domestic elements and factors can have a high role in redefinition urban competitiveness. Studying in identical contexts, especially in the natural, cultural, social, and economic dimensions, will advance the sustainable competitive advantage, can be create the desirable economy future. The purpose of this research is to definition the role of identical contexts in urban competition and how to create competitive advantage in the context of an analytical and documentary research with an underlying strategy. Contextual competitive advantages can be defined in the natural, geographical, historical, physical, cultural, social, economic, and scientific and sports contexts. Contexts are a set of intrinsic and inseparable elements of phenomena, the emergence of their identity. The contexts of cities and regions are a constructive dimension of spatial, temporal, cultural, social, and other existing components. These areas represent the dynamic identity of cities and regions over time and space and are characterized by their differentiation. Identifying and focusing and emphasizing the value of identity of cities and regions in terms of capability and sustainability can help to improve their compatibility. In other words, the field of growth, progress and competitiveness of the power of cities and regions. The most important strategies presented are: development of religious tourism infrastructure; branding and development of historical, cultural, social, sporting, natural and environmental tourism infrastructure. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

63 - Polymer inclusion membranes for the extraction of rare earth elements
Zahra Daneshfar

The demand for rare earth elements has increased significantly due to potential industrial applications such as catalysts, magnets, battery alloys, ceramics. However, the separation and recovery of rare earth metals are very difficult due to their similar chemical prope More

The demand for rare earth elements has increased significantly due to potential industrial applications such as catalysts, magnets, battery alloys, ceramics. However, the separation and recovery of rare earth metals are very difficult due to their similar chemical properties and ionic radius, so progress in the separation process of these elements will bring many global benefits. Among the improved methods, the membrane technique has received much attention as a stable method with easy operation in the separation of such metals, and several membranes have been designed for separation. This article provides a summary of the types of membranes in the separation of rare earth elements in terms of extraction performance, transfer efficiency, and membrane stability. Polymer inclusion membranes are a new generation of non-liquid membrane that is made by a simple method of casting a solution containing liquid phases (carrier, plasticizer /modifier) and base polymers. Polymer inclusion membranes due to the possibility of simultaneous extraction and back-extraction, high selectivity, excellent stability, reusability, simple applicability, relatively low cost, and low energy consumption, it provides a great advantage in both the separation and purification of metal ions. Therefore, in this study, an overview of the PIMs reported in the studies to date is presented and the performance, permeability and stability of the membrane are discussed according to the base polymer, carrier, plasticizer and modifiers used. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

64 - Depositional Environmental Analysis of Shally Units of Pabdeh-Gurpi Formation and Clay Minerals Effect on Wellbore Stability, Aghajari Oil Field
بهمن سلیمانی Zahra Dehghani

<!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackForm More

<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">This research is related to detect of clay minerals and geochemical changes of Pabdeh-Gurpi shale formations and their role in borehole instability in Aghajari oil field. For this purpose, these formations were investigated using NGS well log (one well ring), X-ray diffraction method (XRD) and XRF analytical method (11 samples from two wells). In the NGS log, the detected minerals are illite, montmorillonite, mixed layer, glauconite and feldspar. In the XRD method, clay minerals illite, montmorillonite, mixed layer, chlorite and kaolinite were identified in order of abundance.These minerals due to their sensitivity to react with water causes the instability of the borehole. The high ratio of Si/Al and changes of Ti and high level of Fe3+ and Mg are also a sign of the widespread presence of illite, chlorite and montmorillonite in the mentioned formations.   <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The changes of major and trace elements compared to Al2O3 except for MnO, CaO, and P2O5 showed a positive linear relationship. The changes in the amount of Fe2O3 show the oxidizing conditions in the upper part of the base, but the reducing conditions towards the upper side. Based on the amount of iron, manganese and vanadium, the sediments were formed under conditions of reduction, non-sulphide reduction Eh and medium to low pH. Variations in Th/U ratio (1-4.5) indicate marine to transitional environments. The existence of horizons rich in organic matter (more than 2%) confirms the reduction conditions.   <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Based on the low values of the Zr/Rb ratio, the sediments in the upper and lower parts are finer than the middle part of the grain. The relative accumulation of biogenic carbonate along with the shale is periodic and is reflected in the changes in the (Zr+Rb)/Sr ratio. Based on the Sr/Ba ratio, marine conditions prevail in the lower part and continental and metamorphic and sometimes marine conditions prevail in the upper part of the formation. Oxidation-reduction conditions were also investigated. The values of the V/(V + Ni) ratio of the semi-reduction region, the Ni/Co ratio of the reduction region and the V/Cr diagram show the almost reduction region and in some cases the oxidant conditions. Paleoclimatic conditions at the time of sedimentation based on low values of Rb/Sr ratio (less than 0.14) were completely hot and dry.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

65 - A comparative study of environmental factors developing sociability in commercial centers
Seyedamirreza Ghazimirsaied

The city of Tehran, as the capital of Iran, has been undergoing a significant transformation in terms of modern changes and extensive development in public center design. Commercial complexes are considered as common domains for social interactions, communications, and More

The city of Tehran, as the capital of Iran, has been undergoing a significant transformation in terms of modern changes and extensive development in public center design. Commercial complexes are considered as common domains for social interactions, communications, and social cognition, reflecting effective urban aspects. However, the neglect of social analysis in the design process may lead to the loss of communication between individuals and public spaces, which can result in undesirable social consequences and psychological and emotional distress within society such as isolation and Social alienation. In this regard, the design and architecture of commercial centers have a prominent role, and further research on the social acceptability of these centers is necessary. The main objective of this comparative research is to examine and compare the influential components of social acceptability based on architectural features in the commercial performance of two different structures, namely traditional market centers and malls. The case studies of this research include the Grand Bazaar of Tehran and Kourosh Mall. This study employs a mixed-method approach, utilizing library research, questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and observations, to investigate the subject both quantitatively and qualitatively. Analysis of the results demonstrates that multi-purpose commercial complexes, through environmental structural factors, possess higher levels of overall acceptability compared to traditional markets, by developing dimensions of greater security. This research contributes to the field of architecture and urban design by highlighting the importance of social analysis in the design process and identifying the influential components of social acceptability in commercial centers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

66 - Examining the Components of Implementing Sustainability in the Alborz Industrial Heritage Building
شیرین ستوده

Sustainability is a crucial aspect in developing countries that is increasingly gaining attention from construction groups due to the need to preserve the planet's life. Sustainability encompasses components that require thorough consideration in each building, and p More

Sustainability is a crucial aspect in developing countries that is increasingly gaining attention from construction groups due to the need to preserve the planet's life. Sustainability encompasses components that require thorough consideration in each building, and prioritizing these components is essential for their revitalization. This study aims to refine the sustainability components specific to the case study and prioritize them in the revitalization of the Alborz Industrial Building. The research follows a nested mixed-methods approach, starting with a systematic review of past studies and first-rate research to refine the existing sustainability components. Subsequently, a Delphi future research method with three phases—brainstorming, narrowing down, and selection—is used to further refine the variables. A Likert-scale questionnaire is then developed and distributed to visiting experts. In this phase, inferential statistics for component prioritization are analyzed using JMP software. The results indicate that the reuse of these buildings falls under 4 main pillars of sustainable development and 9 key areas. The correlation between the dimensions in the sustainability outcomes of utilizing industrial architectural heritage shows the highest correlation between the social and environmental dimensions (0.655) and the lowest between the economic and cultural dimensions (0.199). In fact, by strengthening the social and environmental dimensions, the lifespan of the building can be increased. Therefore, focusing solely on increasing capital cannot ensure the sustainability of a building. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

67 - The necessity of recognizing the relationship between nature and man-made environment design ideas in modern architecture education
Mehrnaz Mehrpoor Galeshkalami کیوان محمدپور saeed gholampour

The present article emphasizes the need to pay attention to the environmental dimensions and especially the natural substrate in architectural and urban planning projects. Comprehensive attention to nature is necessary in all cultural and climatic dimensions of archi More

The present article emphasizes the need to pay attention to the environmental dimensions and especially the natural substrate in architectural and urban planning projects. Comprehensive attention to nature is necessary in all cultural and climatic dimensions of architecture. Relying on the knowledge of technology, modern man has no qualms about changing and destroying nature, and a review of recent experiences shows the destruction of natural resources by implementing some plans on different scales. Of course, the advancement of technology does not necessarily conflict with the natural mechanism and sometimes it also takes steps to strengthen the relationship with the natural environment. This is despite the fact that the ancients paid more attention to nature and their hand-made works were made with much higher harmony than nature. Based on field observations and citing library sources and document analysis, this research seeks to prove the hypothesis that modern architectural knowledge should also give more importance to the adaptation of design to nature and take steps to strengthen human interaction with nature as much as possible. Undoubtedly, understanding this issue with practical training and workshops based on environmental knowledge can provide better conditions for sustainable development. The aim of this training will be to gain scientific knowledge about the resources of the natural environment, moral principles, values and skills in line with sustainable development. Manuscript profile

List of Articles پایداری

Rimag

Links

Related Centers

Technical Support

Official pages