• List of Articles spirit

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Compare entrepreneurial spirit of Agricultural Extension and Education and the Horticultural Sciences students of Shiraz University
         
        Entrepreneurship is a process that individual entrepreneurs with new ideas and creative and identifying new opportunities and resource mobilization, attempt to create new businesses and companies, new and innovative organizations. This study examined the entrepreneurial More
        Entrepreneurship is a process that individual entrepreneurs with new ideas and creative and identifying new opportunities and resource mobilization, attempt to create new businesses and companies, new and innovative organizations. This study examined the entrepreneurial spirit of students in Agricultural Extension and Education and Horticultural Sciences at the College of Agriculture, Shiraz University. Statistical population is the second and fourth year students of these two fields. Using stratified random sampling method96 subjects were determined. The study was performed by means of a questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 19. Average of four entrepreneurial characteristics is more than the average. The results showed that there is no significant difference between entrepreneurial spirits of students in two fields. Average entrepreneurial spirit of students in four-year was more than students in second-year and the entrepreneurial spirit of students who have spent more entrepreneurship courses significantly more. Compared entrepreneurial characteristics of students between the opposite sex showed that while the need for achievement, confidence and risk-taking has no significant difference between male and female students, but male students,  internal control is more than female students. At the end practical suggestions to improve the entrepreneurial spirit of students is presented. Manuscript profile
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        2 - Mediating role of psychological empowerment in the relationship between perceived social support and entrepreneurial spirit of undergraduate students at University of Birjand
        reyhane ebrahimabadi
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological empowerment in the relationship between perceived social support and the entrepreneurial spirit of undergraduate students at University of Birjand. The research method was descriptive-corre More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological empowerment in the relationship between perceived social support and the entrepreneurial spirit of undergraduate students at University of Birjand. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population consisted of 8304 undergraduate students of University of Birjand, that 340 people by using simple random sampling and based on Morgan's table were selected. The Perceptual Social Support Questionnaire (Zimet et al., 1988), Spreitzer and Mishra Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire (1995), and the Patrice and Attitude Entrepreneurship Questionnaire (1394) were used. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts. The reliability coefficients of the questionnaires were assessed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and 0.99 for social support, 0.98 for entrepreneurial spirit and 0.89 for psychological empowerment. Data analysis were done at descriptive level (frequency, mean, standard deviation) and inferential level (Pearson correlation, analysis of variance, regression and structural equation modeling). The results indicated that socially supported social support predicts entrepreneurial spirit (Beta=0.19), and predicts psychological empowerment (Beta= 0.42). Psychological empowerment is also a predictor of entrepreneurial spirit (Beta= 0.42). The findings showed that psychological empowerment plays a mediating role between perceived social support and entrepreneurial spirit and the research model has a good fit. According to the research results, social protection of family, friends and people has a reverse and significant relation with the entrepreneurial spirit of individuals. So that, by increasing the amount of social support, the entrepreneurial spirit of people decreases. The results also indicate a direct and significant relationship between social support and psychological empowerment.   Manuscript profile
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        3 - The Mediating Role of Spiritual Intelligence on the Relationship between Psychological Capital and Social Vitality of Shiraz Students
        Hajar Kohansal Maryam Tavakoli Fateme Panahi
        10.52547/.1.1.75
        Target: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of spiritual intelligence on the relationship between psychological capital and social vitality of Shiraz university students. Method: The research is descriptive and correlational. The statistica More
        Target: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of spiritual intelligence on the relationship between psychological capital and social vitality of Shiraz university students. Method: The research is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of Shiraz University students in year 98. A total of 200 subjects were selected by convenience sampling from which 174 females and 28 males. Data were collected using King's Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaires, Lutz Psychological Capital, and Oxford Happiness Questionnaires. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression. Findings: The results showed that the components of psychological capital, hope, and resilience were able to predict social happiness positively and significantly, and also the components of spiritual intelligence, critical thinking, personal meaning production, and awareness expansion, were able to predict social happiness. Positive and significant predictors and variables. Psychological capital and spiritual intelligence as the predictor variable and social vitality variable as the criterion variable were able to predict positive and significant social happiness, so it can be said that spiritual intelligence has a significant and mediating role between hope and optimism with social vitality. Conclusion: Based on the present results, it can be suggested that ways of enhancing spiritual intelligence in learning skills are to increase social vitality and hope among students since students have a basic need for these skills and this is an important issue with the implementation of the course. Training for students in different situations can also be effective Manuscript profile
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        4 - Symbolism in Ave Sina’s Poem of Einiyyeh, and its Effect on the Thought of Muslim Gnostics
        علی  فتح اللهی علي  نظري
        How the human soul falls from the upper world and descends in the body cage is one of the complex philosophical and Gnostic debates. The duality of subtle spirit and dirty body is a matter of debate in most philosophical and Gnostic schools. Defending the duality doctri More
        How the human soul falls from the upper world and descends in the body cage is one of the complex philosophical and Gnostic debates. The duality of subtle spirit and dirty body is a matter of debate in most philosophical and Gnostic schools. Defending the duality doctrine, like many other Muslim Gnostics, Ave Sina is considered as one of the pioneers in symbolically depicting the fall of the soul into the body. His Poem of Einiyyeh, among the works of Muslim scholars, follows such a view. The present article studies symbolism, its development, and the relevant factors in developing mystical-gnostic stories in the works of Muslim thinkers. The other focus of the research is to explore the traces of Gnosticism, neo-Platonism, and Akhavan-ol-Safa in the Poem of Einiyyeh, and their influence on its mystical concepts, and the compatibility of its symbolic language with the Sufi terms and expressions used by Muslim Gnostics, along with the study of the belonging of spirit to the upper world, its unwillingly Fall, and the duality of the soul and body. At the end, we will study the ways to set the everlasting subtle spirit free from the prison of the body. Manuscript profile
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        5 - Analysis of “Seir-ol-Ebad Elal-Ma’ad” by Sannayi
        معصومه  غیوری
        The poetic work entitled as the couplet poetry of “Seir-ol-Ebad Elal-Ma’ad” is an interesting work in the field of Islamic mysticism and a story on spirit’s journey to a supernatural world. Although this poetic work is affected by Prophet Mohammad’s Ascent and the previ More
        The poetic work entitled as the couplet poetry of “Seir-ol-Ebad Elal-Ma’ad” is an interesting work in the field of Islamic mysticism and a story on spirit’s journey to a supernatural world. Although this poetic work is affected by Prophet Mohammad’s Ascent and the previous ascents, it manifests the most pure spiritual and mental maturity of the poet in an elegant and lofty manner. Seir-ol-Ebad Elal-Ma’ad is a journey within self, and the mysterious human spirit; enjoying a high number of symbolic images originated in the general and great treasury of mankind’s knowledge and passion since the creation of universe. Seir-ol-Ebad Elal-Ma’ad is the story of spirit’s journey, the ascent, resurrection and birth in the creation, all in a comprehensive spiritual atmosphere. This article presents an analysis of this work from mystical, mythical and psychological points of view in the following four sections: 1. Desire to return to the beginning (analysis through mythology and mysticism) 2. Individuality and the evolution of mental characteristic (analysis of Seir-ol-Ebad within the domain of psychology) 3. The rite of heroic path or the opening ceremony ( analysis of the work in the domain of rites and mythological ceremonies) 4. Resurrection and progression cycle ( analysis of the last part of Sanayi’s journey in giving meaning to the materialistic life Manuscript profile
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        6 - A study of the content and structure of interpretation in the spiritual Masnavi
        Maryam  Nafeli Shahrestani hosein aghahoseini
        Interpretation means returning something to its original state, the background of which is to be found in Greek hermeneutics. Hermeneutics is the theory of the act of understanding in its relation to the interpretation of texts. Mystics have paid much attention to the More
        Interpretation means returning something to its original state, the background of which is to be found in Greek hermeneutics. Hermeneutics is the theory of the act of understanding in its relation to the interpretation of texts. Mystics have paid much attention to the interpretation and content of the Qur'an. Rumi has also used interpretation in Masnavi.He looked at interpretation very broadly and did not consider interpretation specific to the Qur'an; For this reason, he has used interpretation on various topics. The research method in this article is descriptive and its purpose is to study the types of interpretations in the three books of Masnavi in terms of content and structure. The interpretations used in the three books of Masnavi based on the subject are: interpretation of Quranic verses and hadiths, interpretation of the stories of the prophets, interpretation of mystical, religious and jurisprudential, moral and philosophical issues.By examining the three books of Masnavi Manavi, 136 interpretations were extracted on these subjects, most of which consistes of interpretations of Quranic verses. Rumi has used various tricks to express interpretation; Interpretation from the language of the characters of the story, interpretation in the form of similes and metaphors, allegorical interpretation and causal interpretation are among them. Manuscript profile
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        7 - The Spiritual-based Theory of Richard Ned Lebow; An Analytical Framework for Explaining Revisionism in International Relations
        ramtin rezaei farideh mohamad alipour
        We should more seriously consider the revisionist approach in foreign policy of states in the theory of International Relations. it, also, is necessary to be studied in a post-structuralist approach with respect to immaterial motives. Richard Ned Lebow’s spirit-based th More
        We should more seriously consider the revisionist approach in foreign policy of states in the theory of International Relations. it, also, is necessary to be studied in a post-structuralist approach with respect to immaterial motives. Richard Ned Lebow’s spirit-based theory, which explains the controversy and challenge in the International Relations arena based on the concept of spirit and motives and its motivations, provides a good framework for studying the state's revisionist attitudes in the field of foreign policy and International Relations. Ned Lebow's theory can also be a good framework for analyzing the foreign policy of the I.R.Iran as a revisionist state. This paper seeks to answer the question that how does the spirit direct governments towards revisionism in International Relations according to Ned Lebow's theory? In response, the essay hypothesized that the soul, through motivations and motives of dignity, pride and greatness, leads governments to revisionism in international relations. Manuscript profile
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        8 - Evaluation and Ranking of Factors Affecting the Perception of Spirituality Sense in the Interior of Mosques; Case study: Nasir Al-Molk Mosque – Shiraz
        MOHAMMADREZA MALEKI Qader Bayzidi Ali Yoonessi Farzin Charehjoo
        The design of mosques in the history of Iranian architecture seems to be the Climax of Islamic art and architecture. The architecture of mosques seeks inspiration of concepts of the divine world in order to create an atmosphere that connect the material world to the imm More
        The design of mosques in the history of Iranian architecture seems to be the Climax of Islamic art and architecture. The architecture of mosques seeks inspiration of concepts of the divine world in order to create an atmosphere that connect the material world to the immaterial world and creates a single spiritual space. In this study, the effect of factors affecting the perception of spirituality in the interior of Nasir Al-Molk Mosque in Shiraz has been investigated. In this regard, first the parameters that affect the perception of the sense of spirituality are determined and then 120 questionnaires are collected from architecture and urban planning students of Shiraz University, the validity and reliability of which has been confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha. Then, by modeling the structural equations of partial least squares (PLS-SEM), it is analyzed to determine the relationship between the parameters on each other. Factors affecting the perception of spirituality are social, sensory, somatic and environmental factors that the results show that there is a significant difference in the ranking of indicators. In the following, the indicators are arranged based on the degree of impact on the perception of spirituality from rank 1 meaning the most impact to rank 15 meaning the least impact. Findings show that the greatest impact on the perception of spirituality is related to somatic indicators. Manuscript profile
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        9 - Explaining the Role of Human Dignity in Enhancing of Spirituality
           
        During the human life Spirituality has been regarded as a desirable thing and much effort has been made to strengthen it. Several factors will empower spirituality, but, among these factors, human dignity is fundamental and plays a central role. In this paper the concep More
        During the human life Spirituality has been regarded as a desirable thing and much effort has been made to strengthen it. Several factors will empower spirituality, but, among these factors, human dignity is fundamental and plays a central role. In this paper the concept of spirituality will be explained and also the importance of human dignity in spiritual character is emphasized. In addition the effect of human dignity in enhancing of spirituality is discussed; furthermore it will be proved that the origin of spirituality is considering of inherent and acquired dignity and also religious practice; on the contrary, the origin of spiritual deprivation is neglect and lack of attention to the status of divine spirit of human being Manuscript profile
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        10 - Spiritual health of the soul From the perspective of Zakaria raazi In the book Medicine Spiritual
           
        One of the most important aspects of human existence, which is the spiritual dimension Efforts to keep it healthy it is Islam Razi in his spiritual medicine has also paid special attention to this issue The main purpose of this study, the expression of Razes is how to m More
        One of the most important aspects of human existence, which is the spiritual dimension Efforts to keep it healthy it is Islam Razi in his spiritual medicine has also paid special attention to this issue The main purpose of this study, the expression of Razes is how to maintain spiritual health And analytical approach to the realization that prevention and treatment of mental health and breathtaking views has been a mystery In religious teachings both science and faith in God and good deeds are the main pillars of spiritual health. The findings show that Razi, the rule of reason over passion and self-purification other powers and combat the moral vices such as envy, jealousy and what a breath of signs being healthy states Manuscript profile
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        11 - Morals of pedagogy in Islamic life style
        سیدعلی موسوی
        The main subject that has been noticed in this study is “Morals of pedagogy in Islamic life style”. Excessive importance of “life style” in people’s social, cultural and political lives, and also essential consequences of these life styles have been the center of atten More
        The main subject that has been noticed in this study is “Morals of pedagogy in Islamic life style”. Excessive importance of “life style” in people’s social, cultural and political lives, and also essential consequences of these life styles have been the center of attention of scientists from different fields. Therefore scholars from various fields such as, sociology, psychology, cultural studies, anthropology, medicine and theology etc. have studied part of this concept from their own point of view. The term, itself is a product of modern world, in which, it is shaped by weakening structural variables such as, social class, choices, emotional behaviors. While in Islam, it is shaped through divine instructions, pedagogical role models and patterns which are the basis for formation of the person’s identity and existence. In the modern world, besides its features and evolutions such as, developments and improvements of technological and communicational equipment, Islam causes progress, prosperity and excellence of humanity by presenting its special life style. Current paper will study intents and purposes of pedagogy in Islamic life style, pattern and society based pedagogy in social life style, concept of responsibility and replacement of divine virtues in Islamic life style. The paper will also take a glance at the role of spirituality in upbringing of educated people and also the role of governments in formation of life style. Manuscript profile
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        12 - The study of spiritual intelligence and Islamic ethics in the religious education of high school girl students in Urmia with the role of Islamic teachings and Imam Khomeini's views
        Parivash  Mohammadi Gheshlagh
        Imam Khomeini (S) points to the importance of education for many times about this issue, which is the concern of all of us that we have not been cultivated. The study of self-perfection and purification of morals is one of the greatest ammunition and intellectual necess More
        Imam Khomeini (S) points to the importance of education for many times about this issue, which is the concern of all of us that we have not been cultivated. The study of self-perfection and purification of morals is one of the greatest ammunition and intellectual necessities. The attention to morality in Islam is referred to by all the prophets, because all the prophets have come to this end to make it possible for all people to enjoy moral virtues. In the importance of training, it is enough for them to teach the achievement of the prophets of human beings. In this research, the purpose of the study was to investigate spiritual intelligence in religious education of high school girl students in Urmia with the role of Islamic teachings and Imam Khomeini's views. In this regard, he examined various texts on different perspectives on spiritual intelligence and religious education of knowledge The female high school students were interviewed and interviewed by a total of 93 managers and teachers of religion and the life of the schools. We were able to obtain the role of Islamic teachings and Imam Khomeini's views and the extent to which teachers used these ideas in educating student. Manuscript profile
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        13 - Impact of Taxation of the State on the Combination of the Spiritual Balance of the Official Labor Force of the Qazvin Province
        Abolfazl  Yari Beitollah  Akbari Moghadam
        The movement of the workforce between the formal and informal sector can change the face of the cities and affect the development of the country. One of the main reasons for the recruitment of informal labor in various industries is to escape tax policy of the state. Th More
        The movement of the workforce between the formal and informal sector can change the face of the cities and affect the development of the country. One of the main reasons for the recruitment of informal labor in various industries is to escape tax policy of the state. The study of the impact of government tax policies on the development trend of different regions of the country (especially developing countries) is significant for policy makers. In this paper, we have tried to use a generalized computable equilibrium model (CGE) to examine the impact of government tax policies on the economy of Qazvin province. The result of this study reflects the fact that the increase in taxes will lead to a strong movement of labor from the official sector to the informal sector in the province. Manuscript profile
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        14 - Moral effect on Iranian Judicial Authority
        ali etemadi bagher shamlo aman olah alimoradi seyed mehdi ahmadi-e - mosavi
        Judicial authority is the most effective power that ensures the security and comfort of the people by enforcing the law and trust-building among people. In any stage, judicial authority has given the glory to a government and peace and security to its community and nati More
        Judicial authority is the most effective power that ensures the security and comfort of the people by enforcing the law and trust-building among people. In any stage, judicial authority has given the glory to a government and peace and security to its community and nation and One of the most important and influential areas in strengthening judicial authority, which has remained somewhat Neglected in a community, is the moral standards of the nation, because the human qualities and cultivation and self-perfection of the soul are shaped in the light of morality, With some thoughtfulness, we find that law and ethics are inextricably linked, therefore, Kant, a prominent moral scientist after the Renaissance in Europe, tells people in his moral command:"Behave in a manner that your character is as the basis for global legislation." On the ethics, one of the main slogans of the Prophet Mohammad (pbuh) was:"I have been designated as a prophet to perfect the moral standards." If ethical virtues were strengthened in the society people, what we will witness in our society, include of courage, trust, ruth, kindness, good posture, patience, devotion, honesty in the deal, and so on.These and other good ethical traits play an important role in judicial authority, because one of the causes of crime, which ultimately ties to judicial authority, is ethical vices such as bullying, lying, betrayal, greed and oppression Manuscript profile
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        15 - Mystical education in term of Muhaghigh Ardabili Bidguli
         
        In safavih era، religious scientists – as deputies of expected Imam – got supernatural power and influence. They with sages that habitually had also Compilations on some lawful science، had tendency whit mysticism. At the same era، historical antecedent of Kashan in Shi More
        In safavih era، religious scientists – as deputies of expected Imam – got supernatural power and influence. They with sages that habitually had also Compilations on some lawful science، had tendency whit mysticism. At the same era، historical antecedent of Kashan in Shiite religion، was Caused special attention of Safavih governors to this city: Scientific and Literary societies promoted and attracted speakers and poets from around of country. By promoting Shiite in ninth century، the number of Sufis dynasty were being added. Sufi safavieh and Nematollahieh dynasty and Noorbakhshieh sect were been effective factors of Shiite promotion. This essay is for introduction of thoughts and works Mohammad – Ibn Soltan Mohammad Aradabili – Known and pen name to Mohaghegh Shiite scientist and mystic of A.H eleventh century. He is follower Ghazi Asad Ghohpaee and attributed to Noorbakhshieh sect. By witness of his works، his religious face has priority than other faces and his thought domination is on divine law and maintenance and observance of rules: However، meanwhile expressing pure religious debates، he doesn’t neglect mentioning principles and rules of Sufism. His Sufism rarely has a tendency with taste and composes quatrain almost attractive. Compiler، Sometime، resort to philosophical terms for proving his opinions but there isn’t special philosophical method Manuscript profile
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        16 - Revision of the psychological pillar of crime in the crime of biodiversity and the Islamic view of it
        seyed mahmoods mirkhalili Abuzar  Salari Far
        Given the harmful effects of environmental crime, lawyers are looking for solutions that greatly reduce these harmful effects and further deteriorate these crimes. Among the developments related to environmental crime in some legal systems in the world The evolution of More
        Given the harmful effects of environmental crime, lawyers are looking for solutions that greatly reduce these harmful effects and further deteriorate these crimes. Among the developments related to environmental crime in some legal systems in the world The evolution of the concept of fault and the pillar of psychology, so that today, in many cases in environmental crimes, liability is criminal and legal without the need for a fault and psychological peculiarities of the perpetrator. The responsibility without fault Which is reflected in various forms in the legal literature, is to be ignored or implied The guilt of the guilty and the pillar is related to the perpetrator's ability to blame. Although the principle of innocence requires that the psychological element of the crime, as well as other elements of the crime, be proved, but in environmental offenses, given the importance of these crimes and the inescapable damages. Compensation in this regard after committing a crime and increasing the risk of committing a crime, will increase the level of supervision and in some way increase deterrence, and will adhere to the principles adopted in environmental law, such as the precautionary principle, the principle of prevention, the principle of payment by the polluter and the principle Compensation is consistent Manuscript profile
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        17 - Determining the role of organizational spirituality based on the Islamic values in enhancing organizational citizenship behavior in medical devises industry using DEMATEL
        Ehsan Sadeh Zeinolabedin Amini Sabegh Alireza Nobari
        One of the consequences for organizational spirituality based on the Islamic values is organizational citizenship behavior which is doing those actions that are more than routine tasks but are useful for others and the organization without any expectation. The aim of th More
        One of the consequences for organizational spirituality based on the Islamic values is organizational citizenship behavior which is doing those actions that are more than routine tasks but are useful for others and the organization without any expectation. The aim of this study is to explore the interrelationships among organizational spirituality criteria based on Islamic values and organizational citizenship behavior in medical devises industry using DEMATEL technique. For this purpose, in the first step, 11 criteria were identified including 4 criteria for organizational spirituality and 7 criteria for organizational citizenship behavior. DEMATEL technique was applied based on the opinions of the 22 experts. Results advocated the important role of Religiosity and individual spirituality in improving organizational citizenship behaviors. Further the results confirmed the significance of positive thinking, alignment with values, trusteeship, work with meaning and sense of solidarity in the organization. Manuscript profile
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        18 - According to Fakhr Razi, the levels of existence using philosophical words
        Leila  Afsari
        In the present article, an attempt is made to discuss the opinion of Fakhr Razi as an Ash'ari professional commentator and theologian on the levels of existence and to explain his theological views. What can be deduced from the study of Fakhr's works is that his works c More
        In the present article, an attempt is made to discuss the opinion of Fakhr Razi as an Ash'ari professional commentator and theologian on the levels of existence and to explain his theological views. What can be deduced from the study of Fakhr's works is that his works can be divided into philosophical theological works and interpretive works, among which his greatest commentary work, the great commentary, has a theological color and smell. Therefore, Fakhr's beliefs in explaining the levels of existence are mostly discussed with a theological approach, and what we see in this approach is the performance of three actions by Fakhr Razi. First, Fakhr considers absolute creation for the universe to be from God and seeks to prove this point. It seeks to shake these foundations and principles, and third, it proposes the theory of "spirits" as an alternative to the theory of the "peripatetic intellect." Therefore, the author's intention in this article is to explain exactly these three actions of Fakhr Razi in explaining the levels of existence and his violations and abrasions. The working method in the present article is descriptive-analytical and has been done by referring to first-hand sources and Fakhr libraries. Manuscript profile
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        19 - The Role of the Workplace Spirituality and Resilience in Prediction of Psychological Well-being of Employee
        Tooraj Sepahvand
        The present research was performed with the purpose of examination the role of workplace spirituality and resilience in predicting the psychological wellbeing of employees. The research had a correlational design on the type of predictive study. The population was all o More
        The present research was performed with the purpose of examination the role of workplace spirituality and resilience in predicting the psychological wellbeing of employees. The research had a correlational design on the type of predictive study. The population was all of the employees of Markazi Province Electeric Distribution Company in years of 2015-16, that 396 persons of them were selected by stratified random sampling based on their job conditions, and were examined. For collecting the data, the Workplace Spirituality Scale, Resilience Scale and Psychological Well-being Scale, were performed, and the acquired data were analyzed by pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression. The findings indicated that the workplace spirituality and resilience with a direct and significant relationship, explained about 14 percent of variance of psychological well-being of employees that in this context resilience had significant proportion in predicting of psychological wellbeing and its, factors, but the workplace spirituality had significant proportion only in predicting the factor of self-acceptance. As a result, it can be said that workplace spirituality and resilience have a significant role in psychological well-being. Manuscript profile
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        20 - Comparing the Effectiveness of Group Positive Psychotherapy and Psychodrama on Spiritual Attitude of Women with Chronic Pain
        Oranous Ghotbinejhad Bahre Asemani Marjan Hassaniraad
        The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of group positive psychotherapy and psychodrama on spiritual attitude of women with chronic pain. The study was a semi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with control group, a More
        The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of group positive psychotherapy and psychodrama on spiritual attitude of women with chronic pain. The study was a semi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with control group, and the statistical population included all women suffering from chronic pain who visited Pars Royal Clinic in Tehran, from among whom a sample of 45 women were selected using convenience sampling method and were assigned to three groups of 15 people. Research tools included Spiritual Attitude Scale, Group Positive Psychotherapy Protocol and Therapeutic Psychodrama Package. For analyzing the data, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was utilized. Research findings indicated that group positive psychotherapy was more effective than psychodrama on improving the spiritual attitude of women suffering from chronic pain (p<0.01). Based on the results, compared to psychodrama, group positive psychotherapy is more effective on strenghtening the spiritual attitude of women with chronic pain in using adaptive strategies to cope with chronic pain and thereby improving their quality of life Manuscript profile
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        21 - Investigating and comparing the development of cognitive intelligence، emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence from adolescence to adulthood
        Marzieh Sadat Sajadinezhad Soghra Akbari Chermahini
        This study aimed to investigate the evolution of cognitive intelligence, emotional intelligence, and spiritual intelligence and compare the development of the three types of intelligence from adolescence to old age. This research is cross-sectional developmental researc More
        This study aimed to investigate the evolution of cognitive intelligence, emotional intelligence, and spiritual intelligence and compare the development of the three types of intelligence from adolescence to old age. This research is cross-sectional developmental research design and descriptive method of a causal-comparative study. Participants in this study were 691 individuals living in Arak with an age range of 14-80 years were selected by random cluster sampling method, and answered Sohrabi and Naseri spiritual intelligence questionnaires, Bradbury-Graves Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, and the adult version of the Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test. The results of data analysis by two-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference between different age groups in terms of spiritual intelligence, but this difference was not significant in cognitive and emotional intelligence. Also, the interaction effect of type of intelligence and age group was significant. It can be concluded that the developmental process of cognitive, spiritual, and emotional intelligence over time from adolescence to old age is not the same, and perhaps in the final stages of life with the loss and decline of one of these intelligences can be seen another increase to compensate for the deficiency to solve life problems. Manuscript profile
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        22 - Spiritual Rhetorics effects in the Poems of Rafiq Esfahani
        Leila adlparvar
        From the aesthetic point of view, it is the knowledge by which the beauties of speech are revealed. Rafiq Esfahani is one of the poets whose interest in the Rhetorics spiritual industries has been used in the poetry to exert modest beauty in his poetry. In this descript More
        From the aesthetic point of view, it is the knowledge by which the beauties of speech are revealed. Rafiq Esfahani is one of the poets whose interest in the Rhetorics spiritual industries has been used in the poetry to exert modest beauty in his poetry. In this descriptive-analytical method, the author of this study is to determine and study the Rhetorics spiritual arrays in the court of Rafiq Esfahani. The main question of the study is what are the important Rhetorics arrays used in his court? By studying the poetry of Rafiq Esfahani, we find that Rhetorics spiritual arrays have played a significant role in creating the images and beauty of his words. To express his thoughts and thoughts In addition to the imagination, he has used other exquisite industries such as: Equivoque, Apostrophe, Rhetorical Question, Verse , subtraction, Zeugma and Merismus , Conglobatio, Allusion , Allusion,Epanados, Amplification, Congeries and ... Manuscript profile
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        23 - The Sociological Study of the Implications of Cultural the Apartments Life in Iran (Stressing Tehran)
             
        Coincide with the development of modern urban life and to bring one's own culture in community life, culture and traditional life has undergone many change and evolution in come. Development of appartement,s life as an important symbols and indication of new urban life More
        Coincide with the development of modern urban life and to bring one's own culture in community life, culture and traditional life has undergone many change and evolution in come. Development of appartement,s life as an important symbols and indication of new urban life, with its cultural implications of intentionally or unintentionally income a lot. This may suggest a positive from the perspective of us or not, but what is definite this kind of life, a lot of impact in the sphere of the culture of the people's lives from the apartment, sometimes accepted by some segments of society is also. This research sought to explain the cultural implications of community life apartment life. In part of theoretical basics, the most important principles of the different schools of scholars studied sociology. In this study, the method of collection, and the questionnaire using the likert range has been formulated, is used. For the analysis of the findings as well as SPSS software was used Manuscript profile
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        24 - Rereading Suhrawardi’s Illuminationist Philosophy in the Light of Pierre Hadot’s Philosophical Model: Philosophy as a Way of Life
        Amir Abbas  ‘Alizamani Zahra  Rastakhiz Ghasroaldashti
        Pierre Hadot (1922-2010), the contemporary French philosopher showed the dynamism and true life of philosophy in philosophers’ everyday life through presenting a philosophical model, called Philosophy as a Way of Life, which is the product of his several years of resear More
        Pierre Hadot (1922-2010), the contemporary French philosopher showed the dynamism and true life of philosophy in philosophers’ everyday life through presenting a philosophical model, called Philosophy as a Way of Life, which is the product of his several years of research in the field of ancient philosophy. In this paper, the writers have tried to analyze and interpret Suhrawardi’s Illuminationist philosophy based on this model. Accordingly, in the first part, in addition to introducing the mentioned model, they explain its important elements such as the philosophical language of spiritual practice and its place in studying philosophical schools pursuing spiritual guidance. The second part provides an analysis and interpretation of the Illuminationist philosophy in the framework of this model. Therefore, it initially propounds the basic principles of Suhrawardi’s school regarding light, the hierarchy of lights, the soul and its significance, the world of Ideas and its necessity, epistemology, and ontology. Discussing the fundamental principles of Illuminationist philosophy helps to specify the way of life and its elements and features in this school in relation to the philosophical model of “Philosophy as a Way of Life”. Since Suhrawardi’s Illuminationist philosophy bears a tight unity with gnosis and spiritual wayfaring, it is difficult to perceive it philosophically and to demonstrate its structural coherence in explaining various philosophical problems. Through presenting certain strategies, Hadot’s model enables researchers to develop a coherent and comprehensive perception of the problems propounded in this philosophical-gnostic school and the way of life it advocates. Manuscript profile
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        25 - Historical Development of the Problem of Vaporous Spirit in Sadrian Philosophy
        Mohammad Miri
        The present paper is devoted to a historical study of some of the developments made by Mulla Sadra regarding the problem of vaporous spirit. Since this spirit is the mediator of the soul’s administration of the corporeal body, he assimilates it sometimes to cloud – whic More
        The present paper is devoted to a historical study of some of the developments made by Mulla Sadra regarding the problem of vaporous spirit. Since this spirit is the mediator of the soul’s administration of the corporeal body, he assimilates it sometimes to cloud – which is a gnostic term, sometimes to a heavenly body, and sometimes to the “Throne” or the “Divine Seat”. This is because all of them share the quality of being the intermediary between their higher and lower levels and affect the process of transferring emanation and prudence from their higher worlds to their lower worlds. These similies of Mulla Sadra can be interpreted in line with the principle of the correspondence of the macrocosmos and the microcosmos. Some of these similies as well as his use of the above principle in discussing the vaporous spirit were unprecedented in the history of Islamic philosophy. Mulla Sadra’s other historical innovation was the idea of the gradedness of Man’s existence. In fact, based on his graded view of Man, he considers the vaporous spirit to be the intermediary between the imaginal level and the corporeal body. In this way, he explains the place of the vaporous spirit and its grades in the graded human existence. Accordingly, he solves the problem of establishing a relationship between the immaterial soul and the corporeal body by resorting to the vaporous spirit in a way to avoid the objection advanced against the Peripatetics in this regard. In the Sadrian view, the vaporous spirit is the main body of the soul, and the corporeal body is the sheath and cover of this spirit. Manuscript profile
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        26 - The Body-Soul Relation in the Transcendent Philosophy and Ibn Arabi’s School
        Mohammad Miri
        There are several similarities between the philosophical view of the Transcendent Philosophy and the gnostic view of Ibn Arabi’s school of the quality of the body-soul relation. Both of them, based on certain considerations, believe in the oneness of the body and soul. More
        There are several similarities between the philosophical view of the Transcendent Philosophy and the gnostic view of Ibn Arabi’s school of the quality of the body-soul relation. Both of them, based on certain considerations, believe in the oneness of the body and soul. At the same time, while accepting the existence of a huge gap between the rational soul and corporeal body, they emphasize that the existence of the steam-like spirit is not enough to establish the body-soul relation and argue that the existence of an Ideal body and level, which stands between the steam-like spirit and rational soul, is necessary for this relation to be realized. Accordingly, based on the views of both schools, the intellectual and rational soul possesses three bodies which appear alongside each other vertically. That is, it first belongs to the Ideal body, then to the steam-like spirit, and then to corporeal body. In other words, the rational soul administers the corporeal body through two intermediaries, namely, the Ideal body and the steam-like spirit. Moreover, both the Transcendent Philosophy and Ibn Arabi’s school explain the place of the rational soul, Ideal body, steam-like spirit, and corporeal body as the levels of the microcosm and the correspondence of each with the levels of macrocosm based on the principle of the “correspondence of macrocosm and microcosm”. Manuscript profile
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        27 - An Evaluation and Pathology of the Components of Epistemology of the Modern Period in Human Sciences
        Ali  Karbalaei Pazooki Fatemeh Najafi Pazooki
        The formation of modern human sciences which are presently taught at the academic centers of the world dates back to the modern period in the West; an era which is known as the period of the separation of science, religion, intellect, and faith from each other. The theo More
        The formation of modern human sciences which are presently taught at the academic centers of the world dates back to the modern period in the West; an era which is known as the period of the separation of science, religion, intellect, and faith from each other. The theoretical principles of this field of knowledge are limited to matter from an ontological standpoint, to anthropology from a humanist standpoint, to secularism from an eschatological standpoint, and to sense perception, experience, verification, and instrumental intellect from an epistemological standpoint. The question is what the contexts and background of the formation of modern human sciences in the West are, and what epistemological, religious, psychological, and spiritual harms they might lead to. Following a descriptive-analytic design and through a historical review of the problem of knowledge in the West, the present study intends to revisit the epistemological factors influencing the formation of the human sciences of the modern period and their disadvantages. Restricting science to scientism; human being to humanism; the world of being to natural phenomena; acquisition of knowledge to sense perception, empiricism, causality, and pure rationalism, as well as focusing on an epistemological distinction between phenomena and things in-themselves, and ignoring inner sense and fitri (intrinsic) knowledge, intuitive intellect and revelation are among the significant factors which play roles in the formation of modern western human sciences. Moreover, they underlie the creation of epistemological, religious, and psychological crises; spiritual poverty; nihilism, and the like in the world today. Manuscript profile
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        28 - Natural Causality and Metaphysical Causality: Homonymy or Polysemy in Mulla Sadra
        Maryam Heydari Hamid Reza  Ayatollahy‬‏
        Causality is one of the most important philosophical problems which has undergone vast semantic changes in the course of history. This process has sometimes occurred in the mould of empirical explanation and sometimes in the mould of philosophical explanation. The vastn More
        Causality is one of the most important philosophical problems which has undergone vast semantic changes in the course of history. This process has sometimes occurred in the mould of empirical explanation and sometimes in the mould of philosophical explanation. The vastness of such changes has led some thinkers to believe that there is a large semantic gap between metaphysical and natural kinds of causality, and the relationship between them is merely of the type of homonymy. The spread of this view among some philosophers and scholars has made any kind of agreement among them impossible. As a result, no comparative study can be carried out in these two fields concerning their shared concepts. Although some of the followers of the Transcendent Philosophy advocate the same view, the philosophical principles of Mulla Sadra have removed any kind of breach or borderline between these two fields and defines them in the same way. Accordingly, it can be claimed that natural causality is the degraded form of metaphysical causality and, thus, the unison of the two fields, their proximity to each other, and any interaction between them will be inevitable. Manuscript profile
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        29 - Anthropological Explanation of Death in Mullā Ṣadrā’s two Systems of Graded Unity and Individual Unity of Existence
        Abdollah Salavati Fatemeh Kookaram
        This study discusses the problem of death based on Mullā Ṣadrā’s two systems of graded and individual unities of existence and intends to explain death relying on anthropological principles. The most important of such principles include Man’s multi-dimensional nature, o More
        This study discusses the problem of death based on Mullā Ṣadrā’s two systems of graded and individual unities of existence and intends to explain death relying on anthropological principles. The most important of such principles include Man’s multi-dimensional nature, ontological gradedness, corporeal origination of the soul and its spiritual subsistence, the problem of the soul and its relationship with the body, human stations, and being the manifestation of divine names. Mullā Ṣadrā divides death into three natural, premature, and voluntary types. In his view, the soul plays an active and key role in death. The main question of the present study is what the principles of the anthropology of death are in Mullā Ṣadrā’s view. He believes that death is an ontological affair in the sense of the soul’s voluntary, forceful, or generative desertion of the world of sensibles. In Mullā Ṣadrā’s two philosophical systems, death has two different faces; in his system of graded unity, it means severing the relationship with the body in the light of ontological gradedness and, in the system of individual unity, it means cutting the relationship with a name and joining another name in the light of various manifestations. Manuscript profile
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        30 - Explaining the Concepts of Illuminationist Philosophy in Iranian Houses
        ‏Takameh Abbasnia Tehrani Khosro  Sahhaf Hassan  Rezaei Abolghasem  Qavam
        Illuminationist philosophy is a discoursive-intuitive and light-centered school of philosophy. It has exercised a significant effect on Iranian art and architecture because of the Iranian-Islamic philosophical concepts that it employs. The present paper examines the ef More
        Illuminationist philosophy is a discoursive-intuitive and light-centered school of philosophy. It has exercised a significant effect on Iranian art and architecture because of the Iranian-Islamic philosophical concepts that it employs. The present paper examines the effects of Illuminationist views as a common language for the design of spiritual houses in the contemporary era. Hence, following a descriptive-analytic method, the authors initially explain some of the concepts and ideas in Suhrawardī’s Illuminationist philosophy and then examine their manifestation in the architecture of Iranian houses. Manuscript profile
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        31 - Survey of Spirituality Effect on Indicators of Group Effectiveness Based on Shahid Motahari's Opinions
        علی  بنیادی نایینی محمد حسن  کامفیروزی
        Crisis of spirituality is the phenomenon which has appeared in the 20th and 21th centuries. The effect of this crisis is so much that many of thinkers and writers thought and wrote about this subject and nowadays role and effect of spirituality in organizations and soc More
        Crisis of spirituality is the phenomenon which has appeared in the 20th and 21th centuries. The effect of this crisis is so much that many of thinkers and writers thought and wrote about this subject and nowadays role and effect of spirituality in organizations and societies is considered by researchers and thinkers. Then the current paper is aimed to study about spirituality effect on indicators of group effectiveness. Also it is required to use national references that are arised from Islamic-Iranian culture، so it was decided to study Shahid Motahari's books as main references in modelling and theory making process. In this study a conceptual model is extracted by using of qualitative research methods and library studies method and then this conceptual model is tested in scaling process and within quantitative methods. The designed model is tested within statistical sample which is contained of government offices experts in Mazandaran province. This test is implemented by using pearson and spearman factors and regression analysis. At the end, the effect of spirituality on four indicators which are” pay attention to others، Understanding of the spiritual beauty & emotions and kind feelings، trust and learning and growth power” is supported during this study Manuscript profile
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        32 - The survey of the effect of Workplace Spiritually on Service Quality with emphasize on Organizational Citizenship behavior
            Ali shariat nejad
        The aim of this article was the effect of Workplace Spiritually on Service Quality with emphasize on Organizational Citizenship behavior. The research objective was applied and the research type was analytical survey. The statistical population was made up of over of 28 More
        The aim of this article was the effect of Workplace Spiritually on Service Quality with emphasize on Organizational Citizenship behavior. The research objective was applied and the research type was analytical survey. The statistical population was made up of over of 280 employee who work in Imam Khomeini organization. People the sample size was 162 people which were obtained using random sampling - stratification. The validity of questionnaire was proved using content validity method and their reliability using Cronbach's alpha. In this article to test hypothesis and conceptual model structural equation approach and Amos 18 software were used. The result show that Workplace Spiritually have significant effect on service quality and Organizational citizenship behavior. Also the result show that Organizational citizenship behavior have significant effect on service quality. Manuscript profile
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        33 - Designing a model of spiritual behavior in media organizations
        Aliakbar  Farhangi Abbas ali Rastgar   Azim Zarei
        The present study aimed to develop and present a suitable model for the spiritual behavior of media organizations. This research is based on the fundamental purpose and applicability of the method and how to collect data is a descriptive survey and correlation type, and More
        The present study aimed to develop and present a suitable model for the spiritual behavior of media organizations. This research is based on the fundamental purpose and applicability of the method and how to collect data is a descriptive survey and correlation type, and from the viewpoint of how the research is carried out as a type of qualitative research in which the exploratory approach and the research strategy "Theory Data Foundation " Used. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts in the field of spirituality and media. Using sampling method, 15 people were selected as sample. Deep exploratory interviews were also used to collect data. After the triple stages of open coding, central coding and the selective coding of the categories, concepts and dimensions extracted, a new theory, the very model of spiritual behavior in media organizations, was designed. It is hoped that by applying the model presented in this study and by increasing the understanding of employees and managers and media organizations about the process of streamlining spiritual Manuscript profile
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        34 - Provide a competency model for human resource managers based on spirituality in the workplace
        Hossein Mohammad Ghasemi Samerh Shojaee Mohammad bager Gorji Abdol gane  Rastgar
        One of the aspects of value creation in the field of human resources is to pay attention and focus on the core competency of human capital in order to help the success of the organization. The purpose of this study is to provide a competency model of human resource ma More
        One of the aspects of value creation in the field of human resources is to pay attention and focus on the core competency of human capital in order to help the success of the organization. The purpose of this study is to provide a competency model of human resource managers based on spirituality in the workplace. And with two indices of Cronbach's alpha coefficients and composite reliability, the reliability of measuring instruments and using the mean index and variance of convergent validity of measuring instruments was confirmed. According to the research findings, seven factors including individual factors, spiritual competencies, managerial skills, participatory management, human resource value creation, human resource management, adherence to rules were identified as the main dimensions of the model. Of the seven identified factors, the model of adherence to rules, human resource management and human resource value creation were in the first level, which act as the cornerstone of the model that spirituality in the workplace should start from these variables and spread to other variables. These three factors are interrelated. AMOS software was used to compile the model. Manuscript profile
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        35 - The Interrelationships among Psychological Empowerment, Spiritual Intelligence of Employees and Reduction of Occupational Accidents and Incidents (A Case Study: National Copper Industries Company of Iran)
        sasan Taghizadeh Alireza Manzari Tavakoli Sanjar  Salajegheh samaneh mehdizadeh
        The purpose of the present study is to explain the interrelationships among psychological empowerment, spiritual intelligence of employees and the reduction of occupational accidents and incidents. This study took a three-step process. In the first stage, a documentary More
        The purpose of the present study is to explain the interrelationships among psychological empowerment, spiritual intelligence of employees and the reduction of occupational accidents and incidents. This study took a three-step process. In the first stage, a documentary and library method was used to review and study the available and accessible scientific literature, in order to extract the factors affecting the dimensions of the research. Then, the fuzzy Delphi method was employed to finalize and localize the influencing factors on the three dimensions. In the end, with the help of the DEMATEL-based ANP (DANP) technique, the relationships between the main and secondary variables and how they affect each other (mutual effect) were determined. The final statistical population of this research included 11 expert employees in the field of organizational behavior and senior managers of safety, accidents and control from the National Copper Industries Company of Iran. The judgmental sampling was used to select the sample, which is a non-probability method. The results of the research revealed that the psychological empowerment and spiritual intelligence of employees have a direct and one-way effect on the reduction of occupational accidents and accidents, and this means that promoting and improving the psychological empowerment and spiritual intelligence of employees will reduce occupational accidents and accidents. Also, it was found that there is a two-way relationship between psychological empowerment and spiritual intelligence of employees Manuscript profile
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        36 - Measuring and Comparing Attitudes toward Hijab and Spiritual Intelligence among Married and Single Students (Case Study: Fatemieh Higher Education Institute, Shiraz)
        Esmaeel Kalantari Fateme Taghadosi
        The purpose of this study was to measure and compare attitudes toward hijab and spiritual intelligence among married and single students. For this purpose, female students in Shiraz Fatemieh Higher Education Institute were picked as a statistical population. Among all s More
        The purpose of this study was to measure and compare attitudes toward hijab and spiritual intelligence among married and single students. For this purpose, female students in Shiraz Fatemieh Higher Education Institute were picked as a statistical population. Among all students in 2021-2022, 233 people were selected as a sample by random sampling method. In this research, descriptive and ANOVA mean comparison test was used, data were collected using the King Spiritual Intelligence Scale (SISRI) and the standard test of attitude towards hijab. Findings show that attitudes toward hijab are significantly higher among married students than single students. Also, the attitude towards the hijab decreases with age. In addition, spiritual intelligence is higher among married students than single students, but this difference is not significant. Spiritual intelligence also increases with age. The findings of this study have important policy and managerial implications for policymakers in higher education, especially the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution and the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, also the directors of universities and higher education centers. Manuscript profile
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        37 - Ontology of the Spirit of Meaning in the Holy Qur’ān in Mullā Ṣadrā’s View and its Impact on the Discussion of the Quality of Coining Words
        Maryam  Kashefi Atiyeh  Zandieh
        The principle of “coining words for the spirit of meaning in the Holy Qur’ān” in Mullā Ṣadrā’s works is closely related to his philosophy. Therefore, considering the Sadrian ontology as the basis, one can learn about the ontological applications of the meanings of words More
        The principle of “coining words for the spirit of meaning in the Holy Qur’ān” in Mullā Ṣadrā’s works is closely related to his philosophy. Therefore, considering the Sadrian ontology as the basis, one can learn about the ontological applications of the meanings of words and, thus, the quality of attaining the knowledge of them. In Mullā Ṣadrā’s view, the world, the Qur’ān, and the holy prophetic existence are three dimensions of the world that share a single and simple existence at the level of their “unfolded existence”, “immediate divine word”, and “Mohammedan truth”. They have dispersed at the level of the lower kingdom and are manifested in the form of the world of particular Ideas, the verbal Qur’ān, and the existence of the Holy Prophet (ṣ), respectively, and then descend to the world of matter. Mullā Ṣadrā believes that each lower level is an example of a higher level, and words are not an exception to this rule. In order to access the highest level of divine words, one should employ the principle of coining words for different types of meanings (absolute and general). Mullā Ṣadrā’s definition of spirit of meaning conforms with his definition of the natural universal and Platonic Ideas. The application and generalizability of the spirit of meaning in comparison to the natural universal originates in the limitedness of quiddity, while, in comparison to Platonic universals, it originates in existential amplitude. A comparison of the spirit of meaning and natural universals indicates that coinage of words is a human phenomenon, and the criterion for coining each word is the truth. Manuscript profile
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        38 - Codification of a theoretical model for the production of spiritual-led urban space in an Iranian-Islamic city, Based on grounded theory method (case study: the central part of Mashhad)
        farzaneh madani mojtaba Rafieian afsoon mahdavi Fatemeh  Mohammadniai Gharaei
        Urban development and the process of space production have always been accompanied by serious conflicts. This has led to the production and reproduction of profit spaces based on the logic of capital accumulation. One of the manifestations of this confrontation can be s More
        Urban development and the process of space production have always been accompanied by serious conflicts. This has led to the production and reproduction of profit spaces based on the logic of capital accumulation. One of the manifestations of this confrontation can be seen in the interventions made in contexts of special identity, such as Mashhad, which is in serious conflict with the issues of sustainability and its three dimensions. Against these challenges, spiritual-led urbanism and the need to identification its indicators in contemporary urban planning in order to balance the current vicious cycle seem necessary. The increasing trend of researches in this field by reputable scientific centers shows the need to apply this concept more and more in the scale of contemporary urban planning. This research aims to provide a spatial reading of the indicators of the production of spiritual-led urban space in contemporary urban planning in line with the adjustment of the current cycle, with the aim of compiling effective spatial components in this process. In terms of the goal, this research is among developmental and qualitative research that was conducted with the grounded theory method. The statistical community includes experts and key informants (21 individual interviews and 2 group interviews) who were selected as the sample size using the purposeful sampling method. The findings of the research are the identification of 23 indicators in the form of 8 main dimensions, including space syntax, role-playing, symbolism, sustainability, and justice, security, and management structure and Contemporizationof theoretical knowledge. The achievement of this research is placing a balancing concept in the cycle of space production, which will reduce the ambiguities and shortcomings of the urban planning system, especially in cities with the support of spiritual identity, by structuring effective spatial components in the production of spiritual-led space. Manuscript profile
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        39 - Investigating the factors affecting on the perception of the sense of spirituality in mosques
        shideh parto vida norouz borazjani shervin mirshahzadeh
        The mosque is one of the most important and special buildings of Muslims in Islamic countries and the introduction of new theoretical fields into architecture, such as the subject of the atmosphere, opens new windows for designers, which may be able to cover what has be More
        The mosque is one of the most important and special buildings of Muslims in Islamic countries and the introduction of new theoretical fields into architecture, such as the subject of the atmosphere, opens new windows for designers, which may be able to cover what has been lacking in recent years in the design and construction of mosques. This study is formed by asking the question what are the effective components on creating the spiritual atmosphere of mosques from the perspective of the audience and its purpose is to read the atmosphere of contemporary mosques in Tehran based on the lived experience of audiences. The research method is based on the Grounded theory and the analyzes is based on the systematic coding method of Strauss and Corbin with the help of Max QD software.In order to measure the extracted components, six mosques in the contemporary geography of Tehran were selected and paired analysis and comparison on the parameters of the studied samples was done by an expert questionnaire by Expert Choice software.The most important findings and conclusions of the research show that the spiritual atmosphere of mosques, based on the lived experience of the audience, is influenced by 9 main components. Each has its own weight value. Among the found components, proportions are in the first rank and the components of light, sound, color, materials, decorations, access and position are in the next ranks, respectively. Manuscript profile
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        40 - Predicting Attitudes Toward Infidelity Based On Psychological Capital And Spiritual Well-being In Womens
        somaye mahjoob Seyed Mehdi Hosseini
        Aim: The aim of this study was to predict the attitude towards marital infidelity of women in Shiraz based on psychological capital and spiritual well-being. Method: The statistical population of the present study was women in Shiraz. Using available sampling method, 25 More
        Aim: The aim of this study was to predict the attitude towards marital infidelity of women in Shiraz based on psychological capital and spiritual well-being. Method: The statistical population of the present study was women in Shiraz. Using available sampling method, 250 people were selected as a sample and to collect information, questionnaires of attitude to marital infidelity, psychological capital and spiritual well-being were used, the information of which was analyzed using SPSS24 software. Findings: The results of simultaneous regression indicate that Psychological capital (=-0/80, p<0/04) Three components of self-efficacy (=-0/45, p<0/01), hope (=-0/35, p<0/02), resilience (=-0/36, p<0/05) Also, spiritual well-being (=-0/18, p<0/01), The two components of religious health (=-0/19, p<0/01), existential health (=0/22, p<0/001) were predictors of attitudes toward marital infidelity. Conclusion: The results of the study were discussed based on the research and theoretical. principles According to the research findings, with the increase of psychological capital and spiritual well-being in women, the attitude towards marital infidelity becomes negative and the results of this research can be used in family counseling centers, infidelity treatment and premarital counseling. Manuscript profile
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        41 - Formulation of the design principles of physical elements of the mosque with emphasis on form hierarchies in order to increase attendance (Case Study: Mosque of Qajar period in Shiraz)
        Hadi Keshmiri ali akbar heidari fatemeh emad
        In the last decade, more than before, there is a need to find a solution to increase interest in attending mosques. With the modernization of human life, human’s spiritual need for worship has made them need to attend mosques. However, human beings are less interested i More
        In the last decade, more than before, there is a need to find a solution to increase interest in attending mosques. With the modernization of human life, human’s spiritual need for worship has made them need to attend mosques. However, human beings are less interested in using and staying in these spaces than before. This research first seeks to find the answer to the question, what is the formal hierarchy of mosques during the Qajar period in Shiraz? And secondly, what are the principles of designing the physical elements of the mosque with an emphasis on form hierarchies in order to increase attendance? The purpose of this article is to find principles for designing mosques with emphasis on shape hierarchy in order to increase attendance. For this purpose, the principle of hierarchy in mosques was first discussed with field studies and library surveys. Then the design proposals were prepared according to the criteria of visual ecology obtained in library studies. These suggestions were evaluated in the form of a questionnaire among experts using the Delphi method. Then, the results of this questionnaire were analyzed in SPSS v25 software to check compliance or non-compliance, the degree of influence and the importance of the proposed solutions in the Qajar mosques of Shiraz. According to the analysis carried out in this research, the most effective solutions that can create a formal hierarchy, as a result of increasing spirituality and interest in attending mosques, are solutions such as increasing "additional and decorative elements" and "Make the roof lines more visible" in the design. Manuscript profile
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        42 - Quran’s View of True Peace
        Shima mahmoodpoor
        Peace is a rare and precious thing that is among the most fundamental human needs and plays an important role in the happiness and health of individuals and society. Feeling peaceful is a major characteristic of every healthy human being as one can obtain growth and p More
        Peace is a rare and precious thing that is among the most fundamental human needs and plays an important role in the happiness and health of individuals and society. Feeling peaceful is a major characteristic of every healthy human being as one can obtain growth and perfection in light of peace and calm. The Holy Quran, as the book of guidance for humanity, provides the best prescription for achieving peace. This paper seeks to describe true peace and correct man’s understanding of it on the one hand, and investigate the factors that contribute to creation and establishment of peace in heart based on divine teachings. To understand the true meaning of peace, one should bear in mind its distinction from comfort. Also, based on the teachings of the Quran, peace is achieved through paying attention to both material and spiritual needs and if there is a conflict between the two, spiritual needs should be given primacy due to the priority of the spirit. There are different words and phrases in the Quran that include the meaning of peace. They include Tathbit, Fuad, Thabat, Rabt-e Qalb, Sukn, and Sakina. A look into these words in the verses of the Quran reveals that the only origin and source of giving peace to hearts is relation with God, the Almighty. In view of the Quran, there are different factors involved in creation and establishment of peace. They include: faith, Zikr (recitation of prayers), correcting one’s view of the world, Tawakkul; (putting one’s trust in God), thankfulness, Taqwa (God-fearing), and performing religious rites. Manuscript profile
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        43 - Society building based on Qist and Adl; An impression of Al-Mizan
        Mohammad Sadiq Torabzadeh Jahromi Seyyed Mojtaba Emami محمد حسین الهی زاده
        Social justice is the basic basis of creation of society in religious thought. But what is society building software in the light of social justice? Understanding this software is not possible without achieving a precise Qur'anic concept of social justice. This is why I More
        Social justice is the basic basis of creation of society in religious thought. But what is society building software in the light of social justice? Understanding this software is not possible without achieving a precise Qur'anic concept of social justice. This is why Islamic researches in the field of social justice has been often imposed by the preliminary or incomplete meaning of scholars of Adl and Qist in theory buildings, and the principle and sub-principle have become obscure. In this article, first, based on the thematic research method, we deal with the conceptology of Adl and Qist, and the relationship between the two. Then, in the light of this conceptology, with reference to Al-Mizan interpretation, an attempt has been made to develop a society building software based on Qist and Adl. Accordingly, society building is achieved through the consolidation of religion, which itself operates in the light of the three key components of power, wealth, and social ties. Social ties are the most fundamental layer of society building that economic relations are defined in the service of strengthening these ties and social cohesion. The political system and the institution of power, as the regulator of socio-economic relations, themselves need an internal consolidation based on obedience. Also, the component of spirituality as the fourth component, as a spirit on the body of society building, puts social justice in the service of monotheism. Manuscript profile
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        44 - Psychological research of the spiritual education of the Islamic way of life
        seed mohamad noorollahi Mohammad Ali Rezaei Isfahani mahmud ghayumzadeh
        Islam and the Qur'an have been able to show the greatest impact on the way human beings live by presenting insights, knowledge, values, norms, feelings and social patterns. The last heavenly religion has shown a solution for all internal and external needs and guides hu More
        Islam and the Qur'an have been able to show the greatest impact on the way human beings live by presenting insights, knowledge, values, norms, feelings and social patterns. The last heavenly religion has shown a solution for all internal and external needs and guides human beings to their destination by offering various behavioral patterns. Modern lifestyle patterns, in spite of the opportunities and possibilities that they have provided to human beings and have dealt with material and worldly issues, have also brought about many diseases and injuries. Islam, as the last and supreme divine religion, provides balanced and comprehensive models and models for human beings so that they can achieve worldly and otherworldly happiness while getting rid of threats and harms. Religion can affect a person's lifestyle in different ways; Religion contains the main knowledge, insights and attitudes that play a role in shaping human life. Gives theology the original knowledge and attitudes about God, the other world, and man so that he can have clear images of the world around him and himself. The purpose of this study is that the principles and topics of the Islamic lifestyle that leads man to a good life and finds happiness and righteousness and reaches worldly and otherworldly happiness has used verses and hadiths and explains patterns and methods. That we can implement it in our lives and grow faster to reach our destination. Manuscript profile
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        45 - Comparison of Irrational Beliefs, Self-concept, and Spiritual Well-being in Women with a History of Divorce and Normalcy
        فریده  انصافداران mahnaz mohammadi zadeh kazem khorramdel
        The present study aimed to compare irrational beliefs, self-concept, and spiritual well-being in divorced and normal women. This research was causal-comparative. The statistical population was all divorced women covered by the welfare organization and ordinary women of More
        The present study aimed to compare irrational beliefs, self-concept, and spiritual well-being in divorced and normal women. This research was causal-comparative. The statistical population was all divorced women covered by the welfare organization and ordinary women of Shiraz city. The sample group consisted of 120 people in two groups (60 divorced women and 60 normal women). The available sampling method was used to determine the sample size in the group of divorced women. The purposeful method was used for normal women to compare the group of normal women with divorced women. Jones' irrational beliefs questionnaire, Rogers' self-concept questionnaire, Polotzin's and Ellison's spiritual well-being questionnaire, were analyzed. The collected data were evaluated at two levels (descriptive statistics and inferential statistics). At the level of statistics, mean and standard deviation were used, and at the level of inferential statistics, multivariate analysis of variance has used. The result showed that there is a significant difference between irrational beliefs, self-concept, and spiritual well-being in divorced and normal women. Irrational beliefs in women with a history of divorce are higher than in normal women, and the mean of self-concept variables and spiritual well-being in women with a history of divorce is lower than in normal women. The average of irrational beliefs and their dimensions (including helplessness against change, the expectation of approval from others, problem avoidance, and emotional irresponsibility) are higher in women with a history of divorce than in normal women. There is a significant difference between self-concept in women with a history of divorce and normal women. The average spiritual well-being and its dimensions (existential health and religious health) are lower in women with a history of divorce than in normal women. Based on the results, on the need to pay attention to the irrational beliefs of self-concept and spiritual well-being, it is suggested that these structures be implemented in pre-marriage training classes to prevent the occurrence of problems and increase people's awareness of the role of these variables in joint life. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        46 - Whatness, Origin, and Purpose of Essentialist Education
        Ahmadreza Azarbayejani Mohammdreza Sarmadi Faezeh Nateghi Alireza Faghihi
        Mullā Ṣadrā places the “truth” in idealism alongside “truths” in realism in his Transcendent Philosophy. For him, truths are the same truth that reveals itself at different levels. In the view of gnostics, the four-fold spiritual journeys are a way for gnostic transcend More
        Mullā Ṣadrā places the “truth” in idealism alongside “truths” in realism in his Transcendent Philosophy. For him, truths are the same truth that reveals itself at different levels. In the view of gnostics, the four-fold spiritual journeys are a way for gnostic transcendence that the wayfarer traverses at different stages. This journey begins from fiṭrah (primordial nature), which has different levels with nature as its lowest level. Therefore, this journey or, in a sense, this process of learning begins with nature and becomes complete through a hierarchy of stages. The level of learning includes the level of theory and practice at the same time. Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophical methodology is based on revelation, rational demonstration, and intuition in the sense that all elements must perceive and confirm the reality and truth of a finding. Relying on the Transcendent Philosophy, the present study follows a demonstrative method in order to define essentialist education and explain its origin and purposes. In doing so, it benefits from a meta-analytic method to introduce the levels of essentialist learning, which is based on human fiṭrah. The purpose of this study is to present a conceptual model for education and learning whose philosophical foundations are not necessarily limited to one specific philosophical school. Manuscript profile
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        47 - The Comparison between individuality, personhood and transcendence of the source of meaning with spirituality
        mahdi yarmohammadi Abbas Izadpanah Seyed Ahmad Reza  Shahrokhi
        Spirituality as a human phenomenon is based on various intellectual foundations, especially theological beliefs. Every theological school proposes a particular kind of spirituality corresponding to its beliefs about the source of meaning. In fact, what and the limits of More
        Spirituality as a human phenomenon is based on various intellectual foundations, especially theological beliefs. Every theological school proposes a particular kind of spirituality corresponding to its beliefs about the source of meaning. In fact, what and the limits of spirituality are determined by theological beliefs. The author of the article tries to evaluate the spirituality according to the view of theological schools on the three characteristics of individuality, Personhood and transcendence. The result of the research, which is derived from library data and analytical method of reasoning, indicates that the birth of spirituality due to the connection with the source of meaning depends on its individuality; and possibility of prayer, chant, supplication, personal communication and devotion to the source of meaning is tied to its personhood. Excess in the transcendence destroys the Personhood and the shortage in it will cause the meanness of the source of meaning; Therefore, the knowledge of the divine names and attributes and manifestation of some of them in the heart of the spiritual human being, depend on presenting a transcendence image while being Immanence of the source of meaning. Manuscript profile
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        48 - Existential connection theory in combined ascension
        Mohammad-Ali  Ardestani
        The combined ascension (spiritual - physical) of Khatam al-Anbiya - peace be upon him - is the word of truth and according to the appearances of the verses, even it is explicit news. This basis has also found a metaphysical analysis, including the theory of existential More
        The combined ascension (spiritual - physical) of Khatam al-Anbiya - peace be upon him - is the word of truth and according to the appearances of the verses, even it is explicit news. This basis has also found a metaphysical analysis, including the theory of existential connection, which is based on the agreement and final connection of the blessed soul of the Holy Prophet Khatam-al Anbia -peace be upon him and his family- with his noble body, because the greatness of the soul depends on the talent and complete readiness of the body and the soul of finality of prophethood, has the utmost power and complete control over the noble body; Therefore, the journey of the soul khatam-al Anbyia -peace be upon him and his family- in the worlds of existence requires the journey of the body and his sensory observations. Manuscript profile
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        49 - The moderating role of spiritual well-being in the relationship between sexual satisfaction and marital satisfaction of married women in Tehran
        Samaneh Farahani Gholamreza Maarefi Zahra Khaksari Samaneh Shakeri Hossein Abad
        One of the most important and complex aspects of married life is marital satisfaction, which plays a significant role in the strength and stability of marital relationships. Various factors are effective in providing marital satisfaction. One of the most important of th More
        One of the most important and complex aspects of married life is marital satisfaction, which plays a significant role in the strength and stability of marital relationships. Various factors are effective in providing marital satisfaction. One of the most important of them is the sexual satisfaction of spouses with each other, which in turn is affected by other factors, such as spiritual well-being. This study aimed to investigate the moderating role of spiritual well-being in the relationship between sexual satisfaction and marital satisfaction of married women in Tehran. The present study was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population of the present study includes married people in Tehran in 1400. by available sampling method, 167 people were selected to participate in this study. Data collection tools included the Spiritual Welfare Scale, the Sexual Satisfaction Scale, and the Glombock-Right Marital Status Questionnaire. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the data under SPSS software version 22. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between sexual satisfaction (0.37**) and spiritual well-being (0.31**) with marital adjustment was significant at the level of 0.01. Spiritual well-being also had a moderating role in the relationship between sexual satisfaction and marital adjustment (P <0.05). According to the results of the present study, sexual satisfaction and spiritual well-being have the ability to predict marital adjustment in women, and therefore these results can be attributed to professionals active in the field of couples and families to promote marital satisfaction in clients. Manuscript profile
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        50 - Explanation and criticism of the educational consequences of humanistic mysticism with an emphasis on Win Dyer's thought based on the spiritualism of the Holy Quran
        Alireza mahmmudnia siyavosh mozaffari susan keshavarz Ramazan Barkhordari
        Explanation and criticism of the educational consequences of humanistic mysticism with an emphasis on Win Dyer's thought based on the spiritualism of the Holy Quran. The present article is a descriptive study that was carried out with the aim of explaining and criticizi More
        Explanation and criticism of the educational consequences of humanistic mysticism with an emphasis on Win Dyer's thought based on the spiritualism of the Holy Quran. The present article is a descriptive study that was carried out with the aim of explaining and criticizing the educational consequences of humanistic mysticism with an emphasis on Wayne Dyer's thought based on the spiritualism of the Holy Quran. In this research, the method of scientific analogy (inferential) and lens comparison or isometric analysis and comparative criticism based on Keri Walk's point of view have been used. In this research, the researcher seeks to answer these questions: What criticism is there on the educational consequences of humanistic mysticism from the point of view and thought of Wayne Dyer based on the spiritualism of the Holy Quran? What are the educational consequences of humanistic mysticism with an emphasis on Wayne Dyer's thought? With regard to Quranic spiritualism, what criticisms are there on the educational consequences of humanistic mysticism with an emphasis on Wayne Dyer's thought? What are the educational consequences of humanistic mysticism with an emphasis on Wayne Dyer's thought? With regard to Quranic spiritualism, what criticisms are there on the educational consequences of humanistic mysticism with an emphasis on Wayne Dyer's thought? The results show that humanistic mysticisms, reflecting on the one-dimensional and one-dimensional world, which place humans in the center of attention, are considered important achievements of humanists. Of course, Islamic teachings have ordered its application in the lives of Muslims; On the other hand, in the contemporary era, spiritual therapy became one of the trends that attracted attention in the field of health and mental health. Thinkers like Wayne Dyer, having a positive attitude towards life and using a spiritual aspect of human beings, gave double importance to the category of spirituality; But since the view of "spirituality minus religion" has dominated them, they have pointed out wrong perceptions in the interpretation of spirituality and its practical effectiveness. Spirituality will be effective and stable when it is taken from its true and real purpose; Both from an empirical point of view and the Holy Qur'an has emphasized and clarified in its teachings that the role of religion and spirituality arising from it in the mental health and well-being of people cannot be ignored. Since the divine nature of man is divine and he has a divine soul, spiritual psychology will be successful if it pays attention to the frameworks necessary to strengthen the human spirit, which is the category of religion-oriented ethics. Manuscript profile
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        51 - The Place of Sacred Art in Modern Education
        hamid armani
        In an era in which the face of the one-dimensional world is depicted, materialistic attitudes have been cultivated and have led to the desanctification of the world, also the religion that teaches the correct way of living has now taken on an unattractive appearance in More
        In an era in which the face of the one-dimensional world is depicted, materialistic attitudes have been cultivated and have led to the desanctification of the world, also the religion that teaches the correct way of living has now taken on an unattractive appearance in the conditions of modernity, traditionalism seeks to show the true face of the world through art and the truths of religion. The questions of the current research are: While the conditions of the modern society, including education and art, are influenced by modern values, for what reasons should the thought and practice of traditionalism be revived? What are the goals, principles and methods of art and education arising from traditionalism? The research method is practical syllogism based on inference from the content of traditional sources. Sacred art is considered as one of the principles of traditionalism, and the following educational goals and methods are derived from it. As for educational goals, these are the candidates: Resolving internal gaps; providing harmony and balance of the outside and inside world; restoring the correct functioning of existential dimensions; cultivating metaphysical ethics; restoring the sense of sanctity of things; transcendence from within; and peace with oneself. Educational methods suggested consist of: Teaching how to think and, as a result, change in thinking, speech, and behavior; teaching wisdom; introspection; prayer; using artistic tools. Some of the outcomes of this view are as follows: freedom from the conflicting opinions and hopes, disparity of thoughts, and, as a result, the lack of identity; attracting the human eye to the levels and layers of the beauties; providing a more beautiful interpretation of religion; expressing and conveying the truth or sacred reflection; calling to unity, the formation of a sacred character. Manuscript profile
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        52 - A Critique of the Theory of Transmigration and Shahrzūrī’s Demonstrative Arguments Based on Ibn Sīnā’s Principles
        Mahmud Saidiy
        The theory of the transmigration of the soul is one of the oldest views that has been propounded in the history of thought in order to explain the quality of reward or punishment of human beings and the nature of the eternity of the human soul. Shahrzūrī is one of the m More
        The theory of the transmigration of the soul is one of the oldest views that has been propounded in the history of thought in order to explain the quality of reward or punishment of human beings and the nature of the eternity of the human soul. Shahrzūrī is one of the most prominent Illuminationist philosophers, who has presented a coherent theory for the demonstration of ascending and descending transmigration. He has initially criticized Ibn Sīnā’s arguments on refuting the theory of transmigration and, then, provides some reasons to prove it. The present study demonstrates that Shahrzūrī’s criticisms of Ibn Sīnā’s arguments are wrong because, given the capability of the body, the active intellect grants the soul to the body. To prevent the soul’s lingering for doing acts, there must be a temporal concurrence and equality between the numbers of previous and new between-body states of the soul. Shahrzūrī’s arguments for proving the theory of transmigration are defective because the problems of the inhibition of the gathering of two souls in a body and the lack of concurrence and equality between the previous body of the soul and its next body still remain to be solved. Manuscript profile
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        53 - Absurdity of Imagination in Transcendent Wisdom: An Epistemological Critique of the Proof of Lack of Material Properties and the Addition of Opposites in Imagination
        reza jamalinezhad SEYED SADRADDIN TAHERI Abolfazl Mahmoodi
        In the present article, in line with the problem of cognition and knowledge, an attempt has been made to give a brief explanation of some epistemological principles of the celibacy of imagination in transcendent wisdom, such as the relation between the issuance and the More
        In the present article, in line with the problem of cognition and knowledge, an attempt has been made to give a brief explanation of some epistemological principles of the celibacy of imagination in transcendent wisdom, such as the relation between the issuance and the subject of the soul to imaginary forms. Imagination is one of the broad concepts that are discussed in the fields of epistemology, ontology and anthropology and has a different place in each field. In the epistemological system of transcendent wisdom, imagination is the bridge between the intellectual and sensory powers, and in this way the epistemological problem is solved by the connection between sensory and intellectual perceptions. Have celibacy. The abstraction of this power is based on several arguments. The most important proofs of the abstraction of the imagination in transcendent wisdom is one argument of lack of material properties and the other argument of imagining contradictory things. To review the power of these arguments in the direction of the problem of cognition. Manuscript profile
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        54 - Critical confrontations between Sinavi philosophy and Ash'ari philosophy in psychology and its effect on the issue of resurrection
        Narjes  Roudgar Zahra  Ziaie Fatemeh  Sharif Fakhr
        The purpose of this research is to examine the critical confrontations between Sinavi philosophy and Ash'ari philosophy in psychology and its effect on the position of each on the issue of resurrection. In order to defend the doctrine of incarnation, the Ash'ari theolog More
        The purpose of this research is to examine the critical confrontations between Sinavi philosophy and Ash'ari philosophy in psychology and its effect on the position of each on the issue of resurrection. In order to defend the doctrine of incarnation, the Ash'ari theologians established their theological eschatology by adopting the approach of physicality of the soul and matching it with the teachings of revelation. Ash'ari's view was criticized by Ibn Sina. Ibn Sina, by formulating a new nature of the science of soul in theology and natural sciences, achieved a new result in the unprovability of metaphysical rationality and the rational proof of metaspirituality. The present study, with descriptive and analytical method, in addition to reflecting the views of each, has dealt with Ibn Sina's critical encounter with Ash'ari in psychology and eschatology. Ibn Sina opened new horizons in philosophy by creating a logical relationship between intellectual achievements and the appearances of the holy Sharia.Acceptance of physical resurrection included in Sharia and proof of pure spiritual resurrection are among these cases. With the aim of harmonizing the theological foundations and the appearances of the Sharia, Ash'areh also took a similar path with Ibn Sina, which led to the proof of the resurrection. Finally, as a result of the theoretical frictions between Ash'ari and Ibn Sina, their different views on resurrection have been formed. Manuscript profile
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        55 - Explanation of Waldorf's Spiritual Approach to Children's Education and its Critique with Emphasis on Islamic Teachings M
        Masomeh kiyani
        The main purpose of this research is explanation of Waldorf's spiritual approach to children's education and its critique with emphasis on Islamic teachings. For this purpose, the descriptive-analytical method is used to identify and describe the components of Waldorf's More
        The main purpose of this research is explanation of Waldorf's spiritual approach to children's education and its critique with emphasis on Islamic teachings. For this purpose, the descriptive-analytical method is used to identify and describe the components of Waldorf's spiritual perspective on children's education. Then, using the regressive analysis in Frankena’s method, the philosophical foundations of Waldorf's spiritual approach to children’s education are investigated. In the second part, Waldorf's spiritual approach to children's education is criticized by using the method of critical philosophical enquiry emphasizing the Islamic point of view. The results of this research indicate that Waldorf's spiritual approach pays attention to features such as: the development of children's whole beings, strengthening their artistic potentialities, developing their spiritual perception, emphasizing meaning-making and finding meaning, and freedom as the goal of education. These features are based on philosophical foundations such as: The existence of a spiritual world beyond the material world, the existence of various spiritual beings, the unity of the universe in a spiritual sense, looking at the child as a spiritual being, the repeated reincarnation of humans, emphasizing the senses, intellect, inspiration and intuition as sources of knowledge, the interaction between objectivity and subjectivity in the pursuit of knowledge, and the matching of human "I" with "Christ" as the ultimate goal of human life. In criticizing Waldorf's spiritual approach based on the Islamic point of view, it became clear that Waldorf's views on the nature of the transcendental and the belief in reincarnation are not acceptable in the Islamic view. At the same time, some educational implications of the mentioned approach, such as looking at the child as a spiritual being and honoring him, paying attention to the development of the child's whole being and especially his spiritual dimension, emphasizing artistic education and education based on the stages of child development, have commonalities with the Islamic perspective. Manuscript profile
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        56 - Historical Development of the Meaning of Philosophy from Ancient Greece to Mullā Ṣadrā: A Study of the Role of Spiritual Practice in Explaining Mullā Ṣadrā’s Philosophy Based on Hadot’s Approach
        Majeed Pirhoseinloo Tahereh Kamalizadeh Seyyed Mustafa  Shahraeini
        <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: 130%;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roma More
        <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: 130%;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pierre Hadot, the French Philosopher, considers ancient Greek philosophy as &ldquo;a way of life&rdquo;. He has no positive view of Scholastic Christian philosophies and believes that the rise of Christianity was the main reason behind the fall of philosophy from its main place as a way of life. Accordingly, he seriously questions the possibility of explaining and investigating Scholastic philosophies and their most important representatives, particularly Thomas Aquinas, and other religion-based-philosophies, such as Sadrian philosophy. The present paper explores the possibility of explaining Mullā Ṣadrā&rsquo;s philosophy as a way of life based on Pierre Hadot&rsquo;s approach to philosophy. Previously, in his study of Aquinas&rsquo; philosophy, Matthew Kruger stated that Hadot&rsquo;s perception of Aquinas&rsquo; philosophy was incorrect and inaccurate while, if it is understood correctly, it is possible to explain it as a way of life based on Hadot&rsquo;s approach to ancient Greek philosophy. Kruger has challenged Hadot&rsquo;s view by resorting to some arguments such as Hadot&rsquo;s incorrect perception of Aquinas&rsquo; philosophy and his disagreement with Thomasian tradition, Thomas&rsquo; attention to spiritual life, and presence of spiritual practice in his philosophy. In this paper, the authors initially present Kruger&rsquo;s arguments and then, by providing some similar proofs from Mullā Ṣadrā&rsquo;s works, try to elucidate the possibility of explaining Mullā Ṣadrā&rsquo;s philosophy as a way of life based on Hadot&rsquo;s approach. Following Kruger, they conclude that, at least regarding spiritual practices, which Hadot considers as one of the pillars of the theory of philosophy as a way of life, Mullā Ṣadrā&rsquo;s philosophy can also be interpreted as a way of life. The novelty of this paper lies in the fact that it aims to demonstrate the possibility of such a research while being loyal to Hadot&rsquo;s general theory, which was apparently considered to be a presupposition in the past. </span></p> Manuscript profile
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        57 - Exploration and evaluation of the philosophical foundations of Reggio Emilia's educational theory: a view from the perspective of the Islamic approach of action
        narges sajadeh Zahra Saberi
        The current research has been carried out with the aim of evaluating the feasibility of benefiting from one of the popular pre-primary educational approaches in the world, by exploration the philosophical foundations of Reggio Emilia educational theory and evaluating it More
        The current research has been carried out with the aim of evaluating the feasibility of benefiting from one of the popular pre-primary educational approaches in the world, by exploration the philosophical foundations of Reggio Emilia educational theory and evaluating it based on the Islamic theory of action. In this regard, applying the method of conceptual analysis, linguistic analysis, and regressive logical analysis, we have deduced the basic components of the philosophical foundations of this theory and criticized them based on the Islamic theory of action. One of the results of this research is the inference of twelve philosophical components as the anthropological, epistemological, and axiological foundations of this theory, including the uniqueness and decency of children and the value of their intellectual and practical independence. In addition, the theory of Reggio Emilia has adopted a social constructivist approach to knowledge and has focused on the value of justice and democracy as its governing spirit. The results of evaluation suggest that while the Reggio Emilia educational theory has unique attributes and valuable educational advancements, it is necessary to have a careful scrutiny about it and resolve its challenging aspects before its implementation. Criticisms of this kind entail: taking a reductive approach and oversighting the spiritual essence of the child; an overly simplistic and idealistic portrayal of the child; a lack of clarity regarding realism versus constructivism, alongside potential risks of radical relativism in epistemology; as well as deficiencies in accommodating absolute and conditional values alongside the variable values in the axiological realm. To address these concerns, a reconstructive approach could entail: acknowledging an overlap relation between the spiritual and the physical dimensions, taking a balanced view on the child, positioning realism as a focal point while constructivism orbiting around it, emphasizing both absolute and conditional values, and maintaining a balanced emphasis on rationality and equity in democracy. Manuscript profile

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