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Open Access Article
1 - Identification of Employability Capabilities Graduates of Universities based on Grounded Theory
Mohammad abbas abbaspourObjective: This study aimed to investigate and identify the capabilities of the employability of the graduates of the universities and higher education institutions. Research Method: The research method used in this study is based on qualitative research method and gro MoreObjective: This study aimed to investigate and identify the capabilities of the employability of the graduates of the universities and higher education institutions. Research Method: The research method used in this study is based on qualitative research method and grounded theory. Statistical population of the study was graduates of master and the sampling method used is purposive sampling and needed information gathered through semi-structured interviews of 21 graduates and analized by content analysis method. Findings: The central phenomenon was employability, results showed that employability is multi-faceted conception that has a set of factors, conditions, features, and capabilities and In today's world, if graduates do not equip with the employability skills to find employment don’t success. Conclusion: The turning point of the study compared with previous studies identifying employability capabilities, as well as factors, circumstances, contexts and strategies to strengthen it and attention and focus it requires a systematic approach and is looking to play a role in reducing unemployment graduates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Designing talent management model in the banking industry using grounded Theory
mahboobeh memariAbstract The banking industry and the desirable performance of banks have a significant impact on the country's economic development. The environmental factors affecting the industry, such as the complex global economy, the economic climate of the country influenced by MoreAbstract The banking industry and the desirable performance of banks have a significant impact on the country's economic development. The environmental factors affecting the industry, such as the complex global economy, the economic climate of the country influenced by economic sanctions, as well as the growth of private banks and financial and credit institutions, have led banks to attract, cultivate and sustain people in order to sustain its growth and survival and to gain superior competitive advantage. On the one hand, because of the vertical hierarchy structure in most of the country's banks and the lack of flexibility of the human resources system, there are often problems in attracting and retaining talent. Therefore, the design of a system that allows banks to attract, develop, and maintain a talented personnel is one of the needs of this industry. Therefore, the present study amid to design a talent management model in the banking industry. The present research has interpretive philosophical foundations and its orientation is fundamental and applied. The approach of this research is inductive and a qualitative method for its implementation is used. The field study method and the strategy of the grounded theory were used. The main purpose of the research was the discovery and understanding and the method of data collection was interview. To select a sample, a combination of purposeful or judging methods and snowball method and theoretical sampling were used. In the present research, the paradigm model of talent management was identified in the role of causal, subjective, interventional, main phenomena and outcomes, design and development, and the dimensions of planning talent, acquire talent,, Talent development, Applying talent, retaining talent, for the main phenomenon have been identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Explaining an Enduring indicators of Iranian vernacular housing using Grounded theory
marjaneh najarnejad khosrow afzalian Mahdi Sheybani seyed moslem seyed alhosseiniToday, by vanishing of vernacularism from Iranian houses, buildings can be seen that are far from the traditional and vernacular values of housing and thus, the vernacular values in housing have been ignord. On the other hand, housing and residential areas, as an import MoreToday, by vanishing of vernacularism from Iranian houses, buildings can be seen that are far from the traditional and vernacular values of housing and thus, the vernacular values in housing have been ignord. On the other hand, housing and residential areas, as an important subject of architecture related to humans, must meet the various needs of human beings.Therefore, the present qualitative research, recognizing the sensitivity of the housing issue and the quality degradation of contemporary housing, considers the necessity of paying attention in this field based on the conceptual values considered in indigenous architecture. And the Grounded theory has been done with the aim of presenting vernacular indicators in housing using the Glaser approach. This applied research is a descriptive-analytical method using documentary and library studies. For this purpose, the critical points of the definitions of “experts familiar with the vernacular field” are purposefully selected and the data are analyzed simultaneously using MAXQDA10 software as a set of open, selective and theoretical codings and Enduring indicators in the vernacular housing architecture of Iran were introduced.The results and findings show in a comparative way there is a significant relationship between the adapted concepts of vernacular and traditional architecture and some traditional conceptual indicators, or in other words: a positive correlation .Accordingly, by matching traditional ideas with vernacular concepts and matching the two with traditional indicators , enduring vernacular indicators were achieved. Also, according to their definitions and functions, vernacular architectural concepts were classified into four main dimensions: contextual, Causal conceptual, Causal behavioral, and symbolic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Dimensional analysis as a method in research on Islamic city
Bahador Zamani ehsan babaei salanghochThe applicability of the qualitative research system and its specific strategies namely grounded theory is worth considering for contributing to the knowledge with the valid scientific theories and doctrines in order to raise the level of awareness and to help predict a MoreThe applicability of the qualitative research system and its specific strategies namely grounded theory is worth considering for contributing to the knowledge with the valid scientific theories and doctrines in order to raise the level of awareness and to help predict and solve the existing problems of the urbanity and urban planning particularly in Islamic contexts. Grounded theory as one of the strategies of qualitative method has been developed with various readings in recent decades. Dimensional analysis as one of the readings of the grounded theory, being devised by Schutzman has been applied in various scientific disciplines; however, this method has been less used in urban research. This paper demonstrates the capabilities of this method for research in general and Islamic city research in particular. Accordingly, two questions are asked: What is the process and capability of the dimensional analysis method? To what extent is this method applicable to Islamic city research? The paper is organized into two main sections. In the first section, the background, philosophical foundations and theoretical underpinnings and steps of the dimensional analysis method are discussed taking into consideration the possibilities and capabilities of this method for research. In the second part of the paper, this method is used for a sample study in Islamic urban context. In this section, the concept of Islamic city has been studied by various scholars scrutinizing the various dimensions and methods used to construct this concept and provide an explanatory framework in this regard. The results of this section come up with six distinct models of Islamic city in related texts and narratives, including Islamic habitat (not city) model; timeless city model; physical model; Muslims’ city model; Islamic civilization model; and city-in-Muslims’ territory model. The findings of this study not only emphasize the advantages and usefulness of dimensional analysis for urban research, but it also implies that any use of this method –such as any other quantitative and qualitative methods – requires its own related ontological and epistemological considerations and adaptation in line with the research details particularly its aim/s and question/s. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Providing university management model based on green thinking
Golshan Moradi nader soleymani hamid shafizadehGlobalization, increasing pollution and creating environmental concerns, in today's knowledge-based, competitive, accountable and participatory environment, forced university management to make changes in applying management models, accepting green strategies and app MoreGlobalization, increasing pollution and creating environmental concerns, in today's knowledge-based, competitive, accountable and participatory environment, forced university management to make changes in applying management models, accepting green strategies and applying green management as a new paradigm in all its organizational activities. For this purpose, the present study was conducted to provide a university management model based on green thinking. This research is "fundamental-applied" in terms of purpose, as well as "qualitative" in terms of data type and in terms of implementation is based on the data-driven theory ". The researcher conducts Semistructured interviews until reaching data saturation with 15 participants based on purposeful and snowball samplings from the managers and experts of the Environmental Protection Organization, the Renewable Energy Organization, Ministry of Oil, as well as managers of the country's green universities. Analysis of obtained data was performed in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. The qualitative research model was designed base on this analysis. The results of research extract 576 primary codes from interviews as well as 43 concepts and 16 categories which are conceptualized and categorized in the form of Strauss and Corbin paradigm model including nuclear phenomenon, causal factors, contextual conditions, interfering factors, strategies, and consequences Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Exploring entrepreneurial marketing behavior with heuristic decision making approach (Case of study: nascent nanotech and biotech entrepreneurs in Tehran)
Pouria Nouri عبدالله احمدی کافشانیDecision making is one of the most important entrepreneurial tasks to identify opportunities so as to create enterprises. Entrepreneurs, intentionally or un-knowingly use heuristics in their decisions, which, though useful in some situations, could lead to decision maki MoreDecision making is one of the most important entrepreneurial tasks to identify opportunities so as to create enterprises. Entrepreneurs, intentionally or un-knowingly use heuristics in their decisions, which, though useful in some situations, could lead to decision making biases. Also, entrepreneurial marketing behavior is one of the most important entrepreneurial characteristics in small and medium businesses. This paper’s main goal is to explore nascent entrepreneurs’ marketing behavior with a heuristic approach. This paper’s data were gathered by conducting semi-structured interviews with 15 Iranian high-tech entrepreneurs located in Tehran and analyzed by grounded theory. Decision hastiness was identified as the core category. Furthermore, increase in profit, increase in market share, improvement in decision quality as well as losing market share and decision making biases are the main consequences of heuristic decision making in entrepreneurial marketing behavior. Also, experience, environmental factors, personal goals, business-related factors, needed time to make decisions, decision styles and decision topic are the most influential factors in heuristic decision making in marketing behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - A framework for organizational social capital development based on the organizational emotional capital
Seyyed Mohammad Toghra hasan Zaree matin Seyyed Hosein Akhavan Alavi Hamid Reza YazdaniSocial capital development is one of the most important challenges of the managers in the today organizations. Decrease of social capital index as level is in Iran proves the necessity of research in this field. Emotional behaviors is an important aspect of interpersona MoreSocial capital development is one of the most important challenges of the managers in the today organizations. Decrease of social capital index as level is in Iran proves the necessity of research in this field. Emotional behaviors is an important aspect of interpersonal communication. This research tries to develop a framework for social capital development based on the organizational emotional capital. This is a qualitative research and uses grounded theory method with emerging approach. Data collection in this research is done using a semi-structured interview. Interviewees where selected from managers in public sector and NGOs of Markazi and Qom provinces. Theoretical saturation after 16 interviews. Final framework of this research consists of two schemas, first one diagnosis social capital and the second one emotional based development of social capital. Under diagnosis schema there are three main categories causes of social capital weakness symptoms of emotional capital weakness and consequences of social capital weakness. And under the second schema there are four main categories reinforcing phenomenon, central phenomenon (emotional social capital), strategies and outcomes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Proposing a model of knowledge-based companies development, with emphasis on the role of the media
Nader Godini Mehrdad Matani Ali Falah Assadollah MehraraThe development of knowledge-based companies are necessary for the economic growth of the country. But there are many theoretical weaknesses in the development of these companies, especially in their conceptual models. The purpose of this study is the modification of th MoreThe development of knowledge-based companies are necessary for the economic growth of the country. But there are many theoretical weaknesses in the development of these companies, especially in their conceptual models. The purpose of this study is the modification of the conceptual model to improve the development path of these companies. A systematic conceptual model for the development of companies, with considering the strategic role of the media, is the purpose of this paper. Firstly, the definitions, indicators, dimensions of knowledge-based companies, and the previous efforts related to them are discussed. The type of research is qualitative and is analyzed based on Grounded Theory methodology. The conceptual model is based on field observation and systematic interviews with 21 managers related to the development of knowledge-based companies, science and technology parks, and growth centers in Iran. The results show that the development of knowledge-based companies is due to the strategic role of media, which is included education, culture, information, and guidance. According to the development strategy of a knowledge-based company, the consequence of the process is enhanced by television and internet. On the other hand, the process is affected by base conditions such as culture, supervision, economics, media activities, as well as environmental conditions such as the academic capacity, websites, intellectual property, laws, sponsorship, Internet, industry, and politics. Trans nationalization of products, reduction of dependence, improvement of product quality, policy, decision making, strategy development, promotion of activities, employment growth, are the consequences of media's role in the development of knowledge-based companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Designing a commercial model of innovative ideas in companies in the field of information technology and banking communications
علی اکبر jowkar zohreh Feyzabadi Mohammad Mahmoudi Maymand حمیدرضا وزیری گهرThe purpose of this study is to design and explain the commercialization model of innovative ideas in companies in the field of information technology and banking communications. The present research is developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-exploratory in te MoreThe purpose of this study is to design and explain the commercialization model of innovative ideas in companies in the field of information technology and banking communications. The present research is developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-exploratory in terms of method. Grounded theory strategy has been used to collect qualitative data. Participants in this study include managers and officials of information and communication technology companies in the banking industry. Based on the results of open and axial coding, factors such as keeping pace with environmental developments, strategic factors, managerial factors, cultural factors, quality of organizational communication, commercialization of ideas in the industry, including causal factors affecting the commercialization pattern of innovative ideas in companies Areas of information and banking technology. Also, communication networks, participation platforms, intellectual property of ideas, research capacities, high level support and flexible organizational structure are among the necessary infrastructures for commercialization of innovative ideas in companies in the field of information technology and banking communications. On the other hand, legal challenges, ideas evaluation challenges, organizational damage to the organization, unexpected environmental developments and strategic challenges are among the factors interfering in the commercialization of innovative ideas in companies in the field of information technology and banking. Also categorized are the development of absorption capacities, development of research and development capacities, development of quality of evaluation teams, conversion of ideas into products or services, development of participation capacities, development of organizational networks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Presenting the Quality Improvement Model of Virtual Education for Human Resource Development: Farhangian University (Qualitative Study)
mozhgan esmaeilnia Hosseinali Kouhestani Ali Maghool Hassan nodehiThe purpose of this research was to present the Quality Improvement Model of virtual education for Human Resource Development at Farhangian University. This research has been carried out in the framework of a qualitative approach based on the Grounded theory method. In MoreThe purpose of this research was to present the Quality Improvement Model of virtual education for Human Resource Development at Farhangian University. This research has been carried out in the framework of a qualitative approach based on the Grounded theory method. In this regard, semi-structured interviews were conducted using purposeful approach and application of theoretical saturation criterion with 18 experts and professors and students of Farhangian University of North, South and Razavi Khorasan. To evaluate the validity and reliability of data, two methods are implemented; the members' matching methods as well as peer review. Open and axial coding method was used to analyze the data. Finally, the categories are categorized into 14 main categories in the six dimensions of the paradigm model as causal (teaching and learning activities, human actors, management), phenomenon: quality improvement in virtual education of Farhangian University, strategies (micro level, intermediate level, macro level), contextual conditions (nature of virtual education of Farhangian University), intervening conditions (1. internet, 2. hardware facilities, 3.web) and consequences (individual, organizational and transactional outcomes). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Designing an Individual Human Resources Development Plan and Elaboration of its Role in the Organizational Performance (Case Study: Social Security Organization, Tehran Branch)
Naeimeh Tazakori Mohammad Feizi Mohammad Rouhi Eisalou Eshagh RasouliThe study is of the basic-applied research type that uses a combined exploratory research method. The study population is comprised of 16 human resources development experts and social security organization’s managers in the qualitative section and 351 staff members wor MoreThe study is of the basic-applied research type that uses a combined exploratory research method. The study population is comprised of 16 human resources development experts and social security organization’s managers in the qualitative section and 351 staff members working in social security organization as the study sample volume in the quantitative section. Purposive sampling was the method of choice in the qualitative section and simple randomized sampling was utilized in the quantitative part. The data collection instrument was semi-structured interviews in the qualitative section and Heresy and Goldsmith’s organizational performance questionnaire and a researcher-constructed human resources development questionnaire in the quantitative section. To analyze the data in the qualitative section, use was made of NVivo11 in the qualitative section and SPSS19 was employed in the quantitative section. The data analysis method included a qualitative grounded theory method (open, pivotal and selective coding) and Pearson correlation and simultaneous regression in the quantitative section. The study results resulted in the formation of an individual HR development pattern in the qualitative section for Tehran’s social security organization; in the quantitative section, the effect of the pattern on the organizational performance was investigated and the results signified the positive effect of the individual HR development on the organizational performance. The present study’s findings can offer applied and operational implications in line with individual HR development and organizational performance improvement in social security organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Study of Challenges in Higher Education System performance with an Emphasis on Human Resource Development
Negin Falah Haghighi Maryam MahmoudiThis study aimed to identify and investigate the weaknesses of higher education system performance in the field of human resource development in Yazd province using the qualitative paradigm and grounded theory principles and proposes solutions for eliminating the identi MoreThis study aimed to identify and investigate the weaknesses of higher education system performance in the field of human resource development in Yazd province using the qualitative paradigm and grounded theory principles and proposes solutions for eliminating the identified weaknesses. This research is an applied research in terms of the purpose and a descriptive and non-experimental research in terms of data collecting. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 45 elites, scholars, policymakers, planners and provincial administrators, and experts involved in the process of human resource development of Yazd province via purposive sampling method. Data analysis was carried out using coding and continuous comparison inspired by Strauss and Corbin. Based on the findings of this research, inadequate resources and poor educational performance of higher education institutions of the province, inappropriate policies of knowledge and technology development and inadequate attention to higher education spatial planning were identified as the main weaknesses of higher education system performance in the field of human resources development in Yazd province. Establishment of mechanisms to connect universities and province economic sectors, implementation of land use planning studies in higher education and reconsideration the educational methods have been proposed for reducing the identified weaknesses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Developing a Workplace Learning Framework for Chamber of Commerce based on a Grounded Theory Research
Farhad Fathi Marjan Kian Majid Ali AsgariThe aim of the present study was to develop a framework for workplace learning. The research paradigm was qualitative and the grounded theory research method was use. The research population consisted of all the employees and members of Chamber of Commerce. Then 18 inf MoreThe aim of the present study was to develop a framework for workplace learning. The research paradigm was qualitative and the grounded theory research method was use. The research population consisted of all the employees and members of Chamber of Commerce. Then 18 informants were selected by targeted sampling method until reaching the data saturation. The research tool was an in-depth semi-structured interview. In order to analyze the data, coding and categorization were used by Atlas ti software and in three stages of noticing, collecting and thinking. In order to evaluate the data strength in the present study, three criteria of "acceptability", "reliability" and "verifiability" were used. Based on the findings, the framework of the workplace learning consisted of the environment (equality and justice, working environment, learning culture and supportive work environment), the employees (interest in work and learning, responsibility and intelligence and discipline), the management (leadership power, scientific literacy And ethical virtues), the curriculum (goal setting and purposefulness, educational content, teachers 'ability, supervision and implementation, feedback and correction) and the interaction and integration (management-staff interaction, colleagues' interaction with each other, combination of formal and experimental education, integration). Outcomes of workplace learning include organizational efficiency and effectiveness, financial benefit, cohesiveness and expertise, career advancement along with employee motivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Presenting a conceptual model of a comprehensive system of training for specific jobs of the supervisory organization Based on data theory
Masoomeh Bagheri Fardin Batmani Fardin AbdollahiThe aim of this study was to provide a conceptual model of a comprehensive education system for the specific jobs of the regulatory organization. In terms of the type of qualitative research and research method, it was systematically derived from Strauss and Corben data MoreThe aim of this study was to provide a conceptual model of a comprehensive education system for the specific jobs of the regulatory organization. In terms of the type of qualitative research and research method, it was systematically derived from Strauss and Corben data. Potential research participants were all experts, elites and professors working in the specific jobs of the regulatory body. Theoretical purposive sampling was used. The number of participants was 33 people with whom a semi-structured interview was conducted and the individuals who provided the most information and data to answer the questions were selected and the interviews continued until reaching the saturation point and maximum information. Open, axial and selective coding methods, as well as MAXQDA software were used to analyze the information. The results showed: The obtained conceptual model has 673 concepts, 126 components and 18 categories and its categories include: causal conditions with categories: identification of effective factors in poor education, review of the current situation, quantitative status and qualitative factors of training, review In the job description, background conditions with categories: necessity of education, economic, social and legal factors, intervention conditions with categories: policy-making and review of job descriptions and categories of strategies, including: monitoring and evaluation, realistic needs assessment, review of training content and targeting, Implications are also with the categories: developing a comprehensive training system, motivating employees and purposeful planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Presenting an International Model of Manpower Training in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education
Aram Ghaniuon Ali Reza Afsharnejad Zeinolabedin Amini Sabegh Ehsan SadehThe aim of this study is to provide a model for the internationalization of human resources training in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The research is qualitative and grounded theory method has been used to analyze the data. For this purpose, in-depth int MoreThe aim of this study is to provide a model for the internationalization of human resources training in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The research is qualitative and grounded theory method has been used to analyze the data. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 people who are experts in the field of internationalization of manpower training, using the method of snowball sampling. The data obtained from the interviews were then analyzed through open, axial and selective coding. At the end, a paradigm model of internationalization of human resources training consisting of causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, pivotal phenomena, strategies and consequences was drawn. The main phenomenon of the designed model is the internationalization of human resources training in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Findings showed that causal factors include infrastructure, necessary standards, available facilities and internationalization needs. Interfering factors include the political situation in the country, educational and academic centers, environmental factors, managerial integrity and executive factors. Underlying factors include the competitive environment and attitudes towards the phenomenon of globalization and strategies in the form of culture, creating an appropriate scientific and research structure, effective propaganda, social programs and laws and regulations. The implications of an international system of manpower training also include cultural, economic, communicative, and educational achievements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Designing a Marketing and Advertising Model of the Institute of Education and Human Resources Development
Ahmad Shanian Reza Shafei Tohfeh Ghobad Lamuki Behrooz Bayat Marzieh BayatThe present study was conducted using the qualitative approach and the grounded theory method to design the marketing model of the Institute of Education and Human Resources Development. The study population included the managers of educational institutions who were sel MoreThe present study was conducted using the qualitative approach and the grounded theory method to design the marketing model of the Institute of Education and Human Resources Development. The study population included the managers of educational institutions who were selected through purposive sampling. The data was collected through interviews. The findings showed that factors such as identifying large organizations and industries and knowing their issues and problems, skills of the staff of the educational institution, staffs’ motivation, strong databases, use of new educational technologies, proper packaging of educational services, attractive ancillary services in the institution, providing examples successful previous work, experienced instructors, having educational standards, appropriate training environment, customer satisfaction system, competitors, political, social and biological crises and prices affect marketing the Institute of Education and Human Resources Development. In the research model, increasing revenue, developing a brand, increasing power in developing instructors and educators, and developing national credibility were the consequences of the use of appropriate strategies for marketing the Institute of Education and Human Resources Development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Designing a Curriculum Model for the Development of Elementary School Teachers of the Iran's Educational System
mohsen abdolahi Mahbubeh Arefi KOUROSH FATHI VAJARGAH Abasalt KhorasaniThe main purpose of this study was to design a Curriculum Model for the Development of Elementary School Teachers of the Iran's Educational System. This study used a qualitative research approach and was conducted based on the classical grounded theory. The statistical MoreThe main purpose of this study was to design a Curriculum Model for the Development of Elementary School Teachers of the Iran's Educational System. This study used a qualitative research approach and was conducted based on the classical grounded theory. The statistical population consisted of Faculty members and experts in the field of Teachers development that was selected through snowball sampling. A total of 21 people, including 14 Faculty Members and 7 Teachers development specialists, were interviewed. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The data from interviews were analyzed during three stages of open, selective and theoretical coding, and the conceptual model was formed based on the drawing of the ratio between the main categories or elements of the Teachers development curriculum. The conceptual model was formed as follows: causes and necessity (achieving the goals of the educational system, updating teacher skills, complex and flexible teacher role, reform, teacher growth and improving student learning), principles and conditions (teacher-centered, continuity and Sustainability, school-centered and job-oriented, content-oriented and based on student needs), components (content, context and process), correlated factors (personal, environmental, importance and priority, quantity, quality and time) and outcomes (teachers, Programs and students). To ensure validity and reliability, Guba and Lincoln approaches were used, including: acceptability, transferability, reliability and verifiability. Finally, based on the findings and results, guidelines for the implementation of the program are provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Women and the Challenges of Careers in Industry: A Grounded Theory Research ) Isfahan City Case Study)
Sara Mohammadi mohammadreza abedi parisa nilfrooshan Hamidreza OreyziThis article identifies and analyzes the challenges of women's career in Iranian industry, accordingly, a Grounded Theory Research, which is a qualitative research, is used. Based on purposive sampling method and theoretical saturation criterion, in-depth inter-views we MoreThis article identifies and analyzes the challenges of women's career in Iranian industry, accordingly, a Grounded Theory Research, which is a qualitative research, is used. Based on purposive sampling method and theoretical saturation criterion, in-depth inter-views were conducted with two expert groups, 19 women in industry and 9 managers in different industries in Isfahan. In a multidisciplinary way, the challenges of women's career in the industry were formulated based on the categories of interviews and the categories of literature review and observations. Data analysis using data based theory showed that the challenges of women's career path in Iranian industry included: personal challenges, family challenges, and organizational challenges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Designing a capability-based university entrepreneurship model in the Islamic Azad University of Golestan Province
Fereydoon Azma Faezeh Rezaei Roohalla Samee'i Samereh ShojaeiToday, unemployment of university graduates is one of the concerns of the government, the key to solve which is in universities. This study aimed to present a model of capability-based university entrepreneurship. This research is qualitative and based on Grounded Theor MoreToday, unemployment of university graduates is one of the concerns of the government, the key to solve which is in universities. This study aimed to present a model of capability-based university entrepreneurship. This research is qualitative and based on Grounded Theory. Participants included academic experts in field of entrepreneurship selected purposefully. Research data were collected through in-depth that reached theoretical saturation in the 15th interview. Interviews were analyzed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. To validate the findings, long-term engagement measures and continuous observation, review by participants, peer review and triangulation technique were performed and to assess reliability, the criteria of reliability, transferability, reliability and verification were used. Findings showed that causal conditions include structural, innovative, supportive and environmental factors; Intervening conditions include policy-making, university dependence on financial resources, and access to the international market; Context conditions include upgrading the infrastructure of the university, developing the vision of the university entrepreneurship system, contriving entrepreneurial opportunities, the optimal distribution of financial resources for doing business, and contriving the research and commercialization process at the university. Strategies include formulating a vision for entrepreneurial activities, combining theoretical and empirical knowledge related to entrepreneurship, proper interaction between university and industry, providing entrepreneurial standards by long-term plans, and establishing a technology licensing office which lead to consequences including improving the commercialization of academic findings, creating growth centers and technology, employment based on entrepreneurial spirit, the growth of knowledge-based business activities and the institutionalization of entrepreneurial spirit among managers, employees, students and professors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Providing a model of indigenous R&D activities in new product development (Case Study:dairy industry)
seyed rohollah faraji hossein adab jalal haghighat monfaredThe present era is the era of knowledge and technology. In such circumstances, companies will be successful in using research and development activities in technical and economic fields and recognizing the existing local conditions to develop a strategy for the developm MoreThe present era is the era of knowledge and technology. In such circumstances, companies will be successful in using research and development activities in technical and economic fields and recognizing the existing local conditions to develop a strategy for the development and design of new products.The purpose of this research is to present a conceptual model of indigenous research and development activities in new product development in the dairy industry. This research is applied in terms of results and is an exploratory research in terms of purpose. The qualitative part approach is based on the Grand Theory strategy. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview with 18 managers and experts in the field of research and development in the dairy industry. Sampling was performed in a purposeful and judgmental manner. The results are about causal conditions, internal and external Organizational trends.The main phenomenon is the indigenous of research and development activities. Interfering factors included organizational capabilities, legal factors, management potential and attitudes, and changes in the public environment. Underlying factors are the structure of the idea and the product, the market structure of the industry, the consumer approach, the institutional basis of research and development. Strategies include research and development knowledge mechanisms, training and human resources,financial resources, risk management, competitive and strategic mechanisms, coping with institutional weakness and customer focus. Implications also include improving the company's financial indicators, offering new products and services, improving position and productivity,exporting and upgrading indigenous knowledge and skills. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Analyzing the barriers of rural tourism development (Case study: Fash Village Kangavar city, Kermanshah province)
Rural tourism is considered as an employment factor and income generator that can be an important solution for social and economic development of rural communities as well as protecting the rural culture and environment. The first step in the development of rural touris MoreRural tourism is considered as an employment factor and income generator that can be an important solution for social and economic development of rural communities as well as protecting the rural culture and environment. The first step in the development of rural tourism is to identify its barriers and challenges. This study will analyze the barriers and challenges of rural tourism, through a qualitative paradigm and a grounded theory, also analysis of variance (ANOVA) was explored in the case study, the village of Fash from Kangavar. Data collection was conducted through, in-depth interviews, direct observations and desk research. The validity of this research was confirmed by experts and specialists such as university professors, experts and managers in Iranin Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization (ICHTO). By using MaxQDA, as a valuable qualitative analyzing software, themes, percentage and frequency of codes were analyzed. The results of the study showed that the main barriers of rural tourism development are: economic problems, socio-cultural problems, managerial-infrastructural problems and informational and publicity problems. Analyze of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests revealed that, from villagers’ point of view, the managerial-infrastructural problem has a higher impact whereas experts considered the same range of impact for informational and publicity problems as a barrier for rural tourism development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Developing a Green Supply Chain Model for Improving the Sustainable Development of the Environment Using a Grounded-Theory-based Qualitative Approach
Zahra Delshad Mozhdeh Rabbani Hasan Dehghan DehnaviAs one of the top ten industries in the world, tourism plays an important role in the economic cycle, contributing significantly to revenue generation and currency earning. Therefore, this study sought to identify and develop a conceptual model for managing the green su MoreAs one of the top ten industries in the world, tourism plays an important role in the economic cycle, contributing significantly to revenue generation and currency earning. Therefore, this study sought to identify and develop a conceptual model for managing the green supply chain in the tourism industry of Fars province using the grounded theory-based qualitative approach. To this end, the required data were collected through document analysis and interviews with 20 experts who were selected via the snowball sampling method. Moreover, the validity of the study was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and the expert professors. Finally, the collected data were coded through the open coding, axial coding, and selective coding methods and analyzed via the continuous comparison method, based on which the qualitative model of the study was designed. Accordingly, 120 open codes were extracted from the transcribed version of the interviews, which were then organized in terms of 21 axial codes via MAXQDA software, including causal conditions (green processes, customers and other external institutions, green innovation), contextual conditions (driving forces involved in green materials supply, implementation of the waste management system, financial thoughts, and the organization’s costs), intervening conditions (environmental management approaches, green supply chain risks, green suppliers' capabilities, human resources management), phenomenon-based conditions (the improvement of environmental performance, economic factors, operational performance), strategies (management, technology, economics, policy-making), outcomes (green supply chain enablers, credit enhancement, institutionalization of technology equipment and technical knowledge, energy management and optimization). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Developing a Model for the Destination’s Brand Identity Using Grounded Theory
hadi asghari Hamed Bakhshi Mozghan Azimihashemi Mohammad Hossein Imani khoshkhoEstablishing a brand identity for tourism destinations may help ease the problems caused by the intangibility of tourism products and increase the concerted efforts of tourism service providers, ensuring stability in markets and facilitating the process of market segmen MoreEstablishing a brand identity for tourism destinations may help ease the problems caused by the intangibility of tourism products and increase the concerted efforts of tourism service providers, ensuring stability in markets and facilitating the process of market segmentation. Therefore, considering the necessity for more attention to the destination’s brand identity due to increased competition within the tourism industry, this qualitative study sought to develop a model for establishing a brand identity for Mashhad city using the grounded theory method. To this end, some twelve managers, professors, and researchers working in the field of brand and tourism in Mashhad were selected to participate in detailed semi-structured interviews using purposive sampling. Then, the collected data were analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding. The study’s findings indicated the positive role of personal factors such as awareness of the destination’s brand or the tourists’ behavioral intentions in developing the brand identity of tourist destinations, which in turn influence the relevant strategies. In other words, such factors help the official select appropriate distinct marketing or development strategies, bringing about a variety of outcomes, including socio-economic development. Moreover, it could be argued that the strategies are set on the grounds of participation development in which the destination’s brand identity is formed. However, intervening factors such as micro and macro environmental factors should also be taken into account in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Investigating the Factors Involved in Tourism Intercultural Communication among Tourists: A Case Study of Hamadan City, Iran
Golnoush jabbari Nader Jafari haftkhaniIn today’s modern world, tourism has turned into an effective way to access the environment and culture through intercultural communication. However, despite its significance in long-term economic development, intercultural communication is neglected in the planning sta MoreIn today’s modern world, tourism has turned into an effective way to access the environment and culture through intercultural communication. However, despite its significance in long-term economic development, intercultural communication is neglected in the planning stages of tourism development projects. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the factors that influence intercultural communication in tourism using a grounded theory approach. To this end, the required data were collected through detailed semi-structured interviews with fifteen experts and professionals in the tourism industry of Hamedan City who were selected via snowball sampling. The collected data were then analyzed, and the results were organized under six main categories with twenty-six sub-categories. Finally, the theoretical model of the study was developed using the Atlas-Ti software. Accordingly, the main six categories of the model included personal characteristics, socio-cultural characteristics, education, producing materials and creating knowledge on intercultural issues in tourism, management and planning, the health and safety of the environment, and media and information technology in intercultural tourism communication. The results of this study propose an integrated approach for tourism managers and entrepreneurs so that they can develop a high level of intercultural communication and competence for tourists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Designing Entrepreneurship Development Model for cultural tourism in Yazd, the World Heritage City
Mehdi Basouli seyed saeed hashemi Mohammad Hossein Imani khoshkho Seysd habib o allah mirghafouri"Due to its very nature, tourism enjoys proper grounds for entrepreneurship development. There are limited studies on the development of entrepreneurship in tourism. Among the growing areas of tourism, ‘Cultural Tourism’ could be referred to as a demanding preference fo More"Due to its very nature, tourism enjoys proper grounds for entrepreneurship development. There are limited studies on the development of entrepreneurship in tourism. Among the growing areas of tourism, ‘Cultural Tourism’ could be referred to as a demanding preference for development in areas with the potentials for growth. This study sought to provide a model for entrepreneurship development in cultural tourism using Grounded theory. To this end, some eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the required data, out of which and 367 primary codes, 97 secondary codes, 44 concept codes were extracted and classified into ten distinct categories. The study’s population consisted of university instructors and lecturers, experts working in state-owned tourism institutions, the owners of active businesses in Yazd cultural tourism, and the professionals within the field who were selected through ‘theoretical sampling.’ Moreover, the sample size was determined based on theoretical saturation. The study’s results found via the application of the ‘three-pronged model’ indicated that factors involved in the development of cultural tourism entrepreneurship could be categorized in three general categories of ‘structural factors,’ grounds and ‘environmental conditions, and ‘behavioral factors,’ each including their own relevant components and indices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Identifying and Prioritizing Development Steps of Cultural Tourism in Lorestan Province Rural Areas
zeinab asadporiyan yaser mohamadi mehdi rahimianThis study sought to identify and prioritize the development steps of cultural tourism in rural areas of Lorestan province using the qualitative-quantitative method and exploratory approach. To this end, at the first stage, 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted w MoreThis study sought to identify and prioritize the development steps of cultural tourism in rural areas of Lorestan province using the qualitative-quantitative method and exploratory approach. To this end, at the first stage, 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted with cultural tourism experts to identify the steps involved in cultural tourism development, out of which thirty-three solutions were identified in four main steps via open, axial, and selective coding. At the second stage, the Delphi-Fuzzy technique was applied in two stages to reach a consensus among the experts and prioritize cultural tourism development steps through the defuzzification process. The results showed that the identified strategies for cultural tourism development in Lorestan province could be categorized into four main steps: "Education and Innovation," "Physical Infrastructure," "Supportive-Institutional," and "Cultural-Advertising." Moreover, since the defuzzificated mean difference of the experts' opinion was less than 0.25 in two steps, all the identified solutions were proved to be valid. The results also indicated that the first and foremost step in tourism development was "education and innovation," followed by physical infrastructure, supportive-institutional, and cultural-promotional steps, respectively. Furthermore, at each step, the most important solutions were found to be advertising for tourism villages, identifying villages with tourism potentials, providing banking facilities for villagers to help them develop tourism, and building cultural elements and particular architectures in rural areas, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Designing a Model for The Development of Rural Entrepreneurship Ecosystem with Emphasis on Ecotourism Resorts in Tourist Villages of Khorasan Razavi Province
Javad Sakhdari Jahangir Yadolahi farsi Malihe ShahriaryDeveloping the rural entrepreneurship ecosystem could be considered an appropriate strategy to accelerate the development of rural areas and increase job opportunities. On the other hand, applying entrepreneurship to Iran’s ecotourism and rural tourism is considered a s MoreDeveloping the rural entrepreneurship ecosystem could be considered an appropriate strategy to accelerate the development of rural areas and increase job opportunities. On the other hand, applying entrepreneurship to Iran’s ecotourism and rural tourism is considered a supplement to agricultural activities to create favorable living conditions for the villagers and resolve the challenges existing in rural development. Therefore, this study sought to present a model for developing the rural entrepreneurship ecosystem in target tourism villages of Khorasan Razavi province using a qualitative research method with an applied descriptive-survey approach. To this end, the required data were collected via semi-structured interviews made with fifteen managers and board members of eco-tourist resorts. The data were then analyzed using the Grounded Theory method. Moreover, the validity and reliability of the model were measured via the Kappa index and confirmed by two researchers in the field of tourism and a few university professors. The study’s results suggested that the development of the ecosystem requires the decision maker to consider five aspects, including strategic orientation and effective leadership, identify appropriate sites’ locations, monitor the ecosystem’s development and provide its improvement mechanisms, set the demand-side policies, supply-side policies, and twelve sub-factors. Therefore, it could be argued that the proposed model may provide valuable insights for the development of an entrepreneurial ecosystem in rural areas with an emphasis on ecotourism opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Developing a Qualitative Model for Integrated Marketing Communication in Travel Agencies
ali mirtaheri abdollah Naami Alireza RoustaIn today's competitive environment, companies have to use a variety of new communication methods to maintain profitable relationships with their customers. Therefore, this cross-sectional study which was based on the principles of interpretivism (social constructivism), MoreIn today's competitive environment, companies have to use a variety of new communication methods to maintain profitable relationships with their customers. Therefore, this cross-sectional study which was based on the principles of interpretivism (social constructivism), sought to develop a paradigm model for integrated marketing communication in travel agencies and tourism offices using grounded theory. The study period lasted from the beginning of 2020 to June 2020 and used interviews for collecting the required data. To this end, 12 detailed non-structured interviews were conducted on scientific-practical experts, including job experts in the tourism industry and university professors using the judgmental method. The collected data were then divided into fifty-two primary codes, fifteen sub-categories, and six core categories according to the open, axial, and selective coding using MAXQDA qualitative data analysis software. The study's results indicated that integrated marketing communications in travel agencies were derived from integrated analysis (causal conditions) and were influenced by contextual requirements (technical-individual), being able to produce the required outputs (purchasing, repurchasing, and creating the integrated marketing communications' recommended value in the travel and tourism industry) for realizing the central phenomenon if suitable strategies are adopted (aligning hardware and software tools in terms of optimal use of advertisement's mixed communication tools). Moreover, the intervening factors were determined by identifying environmental conditions-related categories using the textual data collected from the interviewees. Finally, the selected coding was performed according to the definition of the five assumptions obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Designing a model for improving human resource productivity with an ethical approach in the context of a resistance economy
iman hesami taklo Sirous Tadbiri maryam majidi alireza afsharnejhadIn a resilient economy, achieving high levels of productivity is one of the most important ways to achieve decent work and economic growth. Productivity is the eighth goal of the United Nations Sustainable Development Program (SDGs) over a 15-year perspective, and ethic MoreIn a resilient economy, achieving high levels of productivity is one of the most important ways to achieve decent work and economic growth. Productivity is the eighth goal of the United Nations Sustainable Development Program (SDGs) over a 15-year perspective, and ethical issues have a special place in this regard The aim of this study was to design a model of enhancing human resource productivity with a professional ethics approach to the conditions of the resilient economy. Hence, in the present study, the statistical population, including experts managers and senior experts with a history of General Administration of Roads and Urban Development with more than ten years of service in the General Administration of Roads and Urban Development of Khorasan Razavi from 2016 to 1398 and faculty members of management group Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch has a master's degree in human resources management and specializes in human resources. Organizations with at least 5 years of experience in cooperation or consulting with this department, which had knowledge, expertise and expert opinion in the field of research. In addition, The statistical sample was selected by non-random sampling method, purposely by snowball method.This research in case of objective was based functional and in terms of the type of method, mixed and exploratory.To collect qualitative data from interview tools and to analyze the data. The interview used grounded theory method.The research findings show that three hypotheses in order to improve the productivity of human resources of the General Administration of Roads and Urban Development of Khorasan Razavi Province in the conditions of resilient economy, organizational ethics, individual ethics and Islamic ethics should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Ethical components of providing a model to motivate and increase the culture of buying domestic products (Case Study: Electrical Appliances)
Saloumeh Nouri seyed mahdi moafi madani Yadollah khodaverdiToday, creating an ethical environment and promoting human values is one of the most important tasks of organizations, and observing ethics in the business world reduces tensions, increases productivity and creates competitive advantages for the organization.The main pu MoreToday, creating an ethical environment and promoting human values is one of the most important tasks of organizations, and observing ethics in the business world reduces tensions, increases productivity and creates competitive advantages for the organization.The main purpose of this study is to present a model for encouraging fellow countrymen to buy domestically made goods by considering ethical components.In the first stage, through the snowball technique, 10 experts were identified for interview. After conducting the interview and coding, the main components along with the subsets were identified, and finally, after Screening was performed and reuse of experts. The main variables of the model were identified. 2 main subsets were obtained for the model, including 1- Advantages and positive factors 2. Obstacles and limitations, d for the first factor 10 variables including promotion and distribution - Perceived value of the product Strategies - Platform - Cost of the product for the customer - Familiarity and trust in the product - Support and after-sales service - Patriotism - Appropriate quality - Product diversity and for the second factor 6 variables including consequences - Brand Absence of goods - Interfering conditions - Axis phenomenon - Perceived risk of the product - Causal conditions were identified, finally the conceptual model of the research was presented using grounded theory method and Max QDE software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Developing A Trust-based Organizational Health Model for the Iranian Aviation Industry
Gholam Hosein Torabian Badi Iraj Soltani Hamid Davazdah EmamiOrganizations are considered living entities whose character and identities, either healthy or unhealthy, are quite independent of their members. In this regard, it could be argued that a healthy organization can act efficiently to attract the citizens’ satisfaction, th MoreOrganizations are considered living entities whose character and identities, either healthy or unhealthy, are quite independent of their members. In this regard, it could be argued that a healthy organization can act efficiently to attract the citizens’ satisfaction, thus developing social trust. On the other hand, the Aviation Industry consists of companies and organizations, playing a pivotal role in the economic, social, cultural, technological, and developmental programs in both developed and developing countries. Therefore, the organizational health of this industry can increase the citizens’ social trust. Accordingly, this applied-developmental qualitative study sought to present a model of social trust-based organizational health to be used in Iran’s Aviation Industry using a grounded theory method. The required data were collected via semi-structured interviews made with twenty experts. The collected data were then analyzed using the NVivo software, according to which 218 open and 32 axial codes were extracted through open coding. The findings of the study suggested that factors related to service quality, customers (the passengers), the Aviation Industry, and staff and managers (human resources) were among the causal conditions. Furthermore, the background conditions involved in the organizational health of the Aviation industry were the status of the managers, staff, airports, aviation fleet, and the industry. Moreover, the intervening conditions identified in this regard included political, economic, technological, social, and legal factors. On the other hand, the study found that strategies such as promoting strategic thinking, improving communications, increasing technological utilization, and improving organizational structure could help enhance the organizational health of the Aviation Industry. Finally, the outcomes of such an enhancement could affect customers (passengers), the Aviation Industry, the staff, and the managers (human resources). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Designing an Integrated Management Model of Passive Environmental Defense for Drinking Water Supply in Rasht Metropolis
Seyed Abbas Asadi mozhgan zaeimdar Seyed Ali JoziProtecting the drinking water supply chain of metropolises is one of the important issues that all countries should always pay attention to, because any incident in this supply chain can cause irreparable damages. The purpose of this study is to design an integrated man MoreProtecting the drinking water supply chain of metropolises is one of the important issues that all countries should always pay attention to, because any incident in this supply chain can cause irreparable damages. The purpose of this study is to design an integrated management pattern of passive environmental defense in the field of drinking water supply. The current research is in the category of fundamental studies based on the purpose, and used integrated management of passive environmental defense to investigate the integrated management of passive environmental defense of supply sources, treatment plants, transmission lines and drinking water storage tanks in Rasht metropolis. Data collection was done through interviews with experts, and finally, 14 experts were selected among environmental management professors and water experts by snowball sampling method so that the views reach theoretical saturation. MAXQDA 2020 software was used for text analysis, coding (open, central and selective) and categorization and generation of categorical networks. Evaluating the views regarding solutions to reduce and deal with environmental threats in different stages of water supply in Rasht metropolis showed that the solutions can be considered from five aspects of infrastructure, policy making, cultural, technical and human. Finally, according to the data base theory and Strauss and Corbin’s model, the final model of the integrated management of passive environmental defense of drinking water supply in Rasht metropolis including causal conditions, main category, intervening conditions, background factors, strategies and consequences were presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Providing the ideal model of public policy in the field of welfare with the agency of elites to achieve sustainable development
Peyman Ayyari Nader Bohlooli Gholamreza RahimiAchieving public welfare is possible only through public policy with the role of elites. The present study was also carried out with the aim of presenting the ideal model of public policy in the field of welfare with the agency of elites to achieve sustainable developme MoreAchieving public welfare is possible only through public policy with the role of elites. The present study was also carried out with the aim of presenting the ideal model of public policy in the field of welfare with the agency of elites to achieve sustainable development. This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose, and in terms of its nature and form of implementation, it was done in a descriptive-survey manner. The statistical population of this research includes public policy elites. Sampling was done using the theoretical sampling method and finally theoretical saturation was achieved with 11 people. The researcher-made questionnaire was also distributed among 384 public policy managers in the field of welfare, which was determined by Cochran's formula, by random sampling. The data collection tools are semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. In order to analyze the expert interviews, the grounded theory method and MaxQDA software were used, and partial least squares method and Smart PLS software were used to validate the model. Based on the research paradigm model, causal conditions include economic, cultural, technical and technological factors. that affect public policy. Public policy as a central phenomenon is effective in evaluating the implementation of welfare policies. In the meantime, elites provide background conditions, on the other hand, conflict of interests in the implementation of welfare policies are also interfering conditions. Finally, sustainable development can be achieved by evaluating the implementation of welfare policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The sociologically study of the Cohabitation in Tehran City
Masoumeh Motlaq mahdieh ghoreishiThe purpose of this research is the sociologically study of cohabitation phenomenon in Tehran city. In recent years, family institution has experienced many changes which one of them is known cohabitation as a new emerging style of common life. According to nature and s MoreThe purpose of this research is the sociologically study of cohabitation phenomenon in Tehran city. In recent years, family institution has experienced many changes which one of them is known cohabitation as a new emerging style of common life. According to nature and subject qualitative research is considered and a purposeful method of sampling and snowball sampling are applied for achieving to theoretical saturation; therefore, in this research 60 person of that experienced cohabitation in 17th Area of Tehran were interviewed. The analyzing of data is based on grounded theory method. The impact factors in the phenomenon of cohabitation can be classified in three categories. The findings show that the following factors have the most impact, including; economic factors (unemployment, lack of job security, costs of marriage) legal factors (the responsibility of marriage, unfair contract between partners and so on) social factors (social changes, generation oppositions, sexual abnormalities and the increasing of conflicts in the society). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Behavior pattern of traders in the capital market
Reza Khezri Asgar Pakmaram Rasool Abdi Nader RezaieTraders take risks when there is a possibility of losses, and when there is a possibility of making a profit, their risk-taking is greatly reduced to only definite gains. This reverse behavior in humans is a neurological phenomenon that is common to both humans and anim MoreTraders take risks when there is a possibility of losses, and when there is a possibility of making a profit, their risk-taking is greatly reduced to only definite gains. This reverse behavior in humans is a neurological phenomenon that is common to both humans and animals. At present, the causal conditions of the interventionist and the context, strategies and behavioral consequences of traders have not been studied. Therefore, in this study, an attempt has been made to design the behavioral model of traders using contextual theory. This research is of qualitative and exploratory type and has been conducted by interviewing experts in the field of theoretical foundations of behaviorism, capital market and other fields related to the research topic and has been saturated by conducting 16 interviews in 2021 by snowball sampling method. Is. The results show that the most important causal conditions that lead to the recognition of traders' behavior are the effect of risk (perspective theory), levels of financial behavior, efficient market hypothesis, over / under reactive phenomenon, over / under confidence phenomenon, respectively. Arbitrage Phenomenon, News Phenomenon, Bias Phenomenon, Positive Thinking Phenomenon, Patience Phenomenon, Mass Behavior Phenomena, Overtrading Phenomenon, Excitement Phenomena, Exchange Volume, Lack of Information, Behavioral Bias, Cognitive Bias, Stock Index, Trading Strategy They are greed, fear and greed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Exploratory Investigation of The Causes of Administrative Corruption in Tehran Municipality
behzad hemati alireza karimi fariba hematiThe phenomenon of administrative corruption in today's world, especially in developing countries, has been raised as one of the most important obstacles to the progress of society. This phenomenon has caused irreparable damage to the speed of the development wheel in so MoreThe phenomenon of administrative corruption in today's world, especially in developing countries, has been raised as one of the most important obstacles to the progress of society. This phenomenon has caused irreparable damage to the speed of the development wheel in society, weakens trust and social capital in society, and keeps social institutions away from fulfilling their specific missions and duties. Therefore, in this research, an attempt was made to explore the issue of administrative corruption, underlying factors and mechanisms of the occurrence of corruption in Tehran municipality, and the interaction of the effective factors in the occurrence of administrative corruption and its persistence. The methodological strategy applied was mix method, so that the first part was based on the qualitative method of grounded theory with an inductive-exploratory strategy. The results obtained from grounded theory were evaluated through the questionnaire tool and survey method. According to the findings, the incidence of administrative corruption in Tehran municipality is caused by eleven main factors. In the "To what extent is it in the municipality" section, the highest level of corruption was related to bribery in the stages of planning and issuing the completion of work with an average of 0.4. In the section "To what extent have you or your colleagues encountered this phenomenon", the highest exposure was related to the factor of procrastination and lack of supervision with an average of 2.95. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Conceptual Modeling of Female Genital Mutilation Complications in Kermanshah: a Grounded Theory Study
osman mahmoudiThis study is a qualitative study that aimed to phenomenologically examine the lived experience of female FGM victims, to develop a conceptual framework for professionals working with female FGM survivors. The current study population consisted of all circumcised women. MoreThis study is a qualitative study that aimed to phenomenologically examine the lived experience of female FGM victims, to develop a conceptual framework for professionals working with female FGM survivors. The current study population consisted of all circumcised women. Participants were selected through a snowball sampling to saturation (20 participants), and semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 female survivors of genital mutilation. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using grounded theory and three coding phases. Culture, religion, male role, lack of education, female identity, and fraud were identified as key factors influencing survivors' understanding of FGM and its consequences. Female FGM survivors' experiences, as well as their beliefs about the practice, affected their emotional lives, relationships, identities, and bodies. The fear of female genital mutilation described by survivors undermined their resilience. All major categories of emotional, relational, identity, and physical consequences of FGM, as well as survivors' resilience, were influenced by key stages of womanhood, such as menstruation, marriage, and childbirth. These factors were reinforced based on their needs. This is a lack of satisfaction and the health system does not pay attention to the needs of these women. It is impossible to study the physical and psychological consequences of FGM in isolation and without considering the cultural context and life cycle of female FGM survivors. In addition, The issue weakens survivors' resilience to living with FGM. There are complex relationships between the physical, psychological, and social consequences of FGM and the culture of FGM, which should inform health policy and medical care for survivors to meet their needs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Identifying the Requirements and Challenges of Applying Social Manufacturing to Handicrafts
vahid sharifi Gholamreza Hashemzade Khorasgani Seyed Alireza Derakhshan Ashraf Shahmansouri Abotorab AlirezaeeIn today’s world, taking advantage of social capacities and national capabilities in manufacturing handicrafts requires the application of new state-of-the-arts production techniques. In this regard, social manufacturing is an emerging phenomenon that serves as a new pr MoreIn today’s world, taking advantage of social capacities and national capabilities in manufacturing handicrafts requires the application of new state-of-the-arts production techniques. In this regard, social manufacturing is an emerging phenomenon that serves as a new production ecosystem equipped with modern technologies and social networks. Therefore, this qualitative study sought to identify the requirements and challenges of applying social manufacturing to the production of handicrafts using the Grounded theory (Glaser method). To collect the required data, semi-structured interviews were made with twelve experts in the field of handicrafts and information technology who were selected through the purposive sampling method. The collected data were then analyzed using the MaxQda 10 software. On the other hand, the validity, transferability, reliability, and verifiability of the study were also measured to strengthen the findings. Finally, the collected data were analyzed through actual and theoretical coding. According to the study’s results, altering the manufacturing structure, fostering relationships with consumers, developing research and education, developing the infrastructures, and establishing production networks were identified as the main requirements of applying social manufacturing to the production of handicrafts. Moreover, the conceptual map of the study was drawn, including nine categories and twenty-nine sub-categories. The current study can fill a number of gaps existing in the application of social manufacturing in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Providing the ideal model of public policy in the field of welfare with the agency of elites to achieve sustainable development
پیمان عیاری نادر بهلولی غلامرضا رحیمیAyyari Peyman Bohlooli Nader Rahimi Gholamreza Abstract Achieving public welfare is possible only through public policy with the role of elites. The present study was also carried out with the aim of presenting the ideal model of public policy in the field of MoreAyyari Peyman Bohlooli Nader Rahimi Gholamreza Abstract Achieving public welfare is possible only through public policy with the role of elites. The present study was also carried out with the aim of presenting the ideal model of public policy in the field of welfare with the agency of elites to achieve sustainable development. This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose, and in terms of its nature and form of implementation, it was done in a descriptive-survey manner. The statistical population of this research includes public policy elites. Sampling was done using the theoretical sampling method and finally theoretical saturation was achieved with 11 people. The researcher-made questionnaire was also distributed among 384 public policy managers in the field of welfare, which was determined by Cochran's formula, by random sampling. The data collection tools are semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. In order to analyze the expert interviews, the grounded theory method and MaxQDA software were used, and partial least squares method and Smart PLS software were used to validate the model. Based on the research paradigm model, causal conditions include economic, cultural, technical and technological factors. that affect public policy. Public policy as a central phenomenon is effective in evaluating the implementation of welfare policies. In the meantime, elites provide background conditions, on the other hand, conflict of interests in the implementation of welfare policies are also interfering conditions. Finally, sustainable development can be achieved by evaluating the implementation of welfare policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The framework of the national macro plan for transparency and information release based on the grounded theory method
Mahdi Azizi MehmanDoost Mohammad Reza Hosseini reza taghipour Mojtaba MazoochiThe purpose of this research is to present the framework of the national plan for transparency and information release. The research employs an integrated approach (qualitative and quantitative) and grounded theory as its research methodology. In the qualitative part، w MoreThe purpose of this research is to present the framework of the national plan for transparency and information release. The research employs an integrated approach (qualitative and quantitative) and grounded theory as its research methodology. In the qualitative part، with an in-depth and exploratory review of upstream laws and documents، models، theories، plans، and white papers of different countries related to transparency and information release، data analysis was done until theoretical saturation through three stages of open، axial، and selective coding. To acquire the dimensions، components، and subcomponents of this framework، 129 concepts were extracted from 620 primary codes، which were reduced to 593 secondary codes by removing the duplicated elements. Finally، 24 subcategories were placed under the five main components based on the paradigm model. In the quantitative section، the results of the analysis of the questionnaire indicated that، from a validity standpoint، the total value of the questionnaire، in different dimensions، was between 0.87 and 0.92، and the reliability coefficient was between 0.73 and 0.78. Based on data analysis، the establishment of a supranational management institution for transparency and information release، the precise determination of exceptions، network governance، demanding transparency، adherence to frameworks، maximum disclosure and support for legitimate disclosure، and the establishment of a data governance center are among the subcategories emphasized in this framework. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The Place of Religiosity in the Changes of Social Hope of Tehrani Citizens
RAHA TALEB ARDAKANI bijan zare reza safarishali alireza karimi<p><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedConte More<p><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>AR-SA</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> 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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; mso-pagination: none; margin: 0cm 26.95pt .0001pt 25.25pt;" align="center"><strong><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">The Place of Religiosity in the Changes </span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; mso-pagination: none; margin: 0cm 26.95pt .0001pt 25.25pt;" align="center"><strong><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">of Social Hope of Tehrani Citizens</span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; mso-pagination: none; margin: 0cm 26.95pt .0001pt 25.25pt;" align="center"><strong><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;" align="right"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Raha Talebi Ardakani<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">*</span></a></span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;" align="right"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Bijan Zare<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">**</span></a></span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;" align="right"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Reza Safari Shali<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">***</span></a></span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;" align="right"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alireza Karimi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="" href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">****</span></a></span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"> </p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><strong>Introduction</strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">Hope, as a protective factor, is a positive psychological trait that enables individuals to set clear goals, develop multiple pathways to achieve these goals, overcome obstacles, and generate the necessary energy to pursue their objectives. It fosters positive emotions while simultaneously mitigating negative issues. Hope is viewed as a form of self-confidence and personal mastery that aids in goal-setting, planning, and problem-solving. Although social hope has not been prominently recognized as a significant social problem in national policy discourse, its absence or insufficiency has raised concerns among many people and officials.</p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">Religiosity and religious teachings play a crucial role in enhancing social hope. They directly impact psychological and social well-being, thereby increasing both social and individual hope. Understanding the nature of hope, especially its transcendental and religious dimensions, offers potential pathways to bolster hope in various aspects. Social hope has become a political necessity in Iran, and any efforts to rebuild the relationship between the government and society depend on strengthening this component. Contemporary Iranian society appears to be on the brink of a crisis of despair. The erosion of social hope in recent years, coupled with a decline in social capital, has created significant challenges for the country’s development and social progress.</p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">The aim of this research is to sociologically and qualitatively explore the role of religiosity in social hope among the citizens of Tehran.</p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"> </p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><strong><span style="background: white;">Methodology</span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">This qualitative research utilized a grounded theory approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 50 individuals from Tehran, including university professors, marketers, youth, women, and students. The research reached theoretical saturation. Participants were selected using purposive sampling with snowball and maximum variation techniques to ensure diversity in terms of gender, education, age, and social class. Interviews lasted between 50 minutes to 2 hours and were sometimes conducted in multiple sessions. Data collection spanned over 2 years. Data analysis followed the theoretical coding system of grounded theory, comprising open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. In open coding, the interview texts were read line by line and conceptualized. In axial coding, concepts were grouped into central categories based on semantic overlap. The core category, derived at a more abstract level, was identified as the role of religiosity in the multifaceted revitalization of social hope.</p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">Ethical considerations were observed throughout the study. Participants' consent was obtained before interviews, and they were informed about the research’s purpose, topic, and methods. Their privacy was protected by recording data with their permission and using pseudonyms to maintain confidentiality.</p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"> </p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><strong>Findings</strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">During the open coding phase, 105 open codes, 33 core codes, 9 main categories, and one core category emerged: hope for the hereafter and receiving divine reward; religious worldview and giving meaning to life; communication with God as the foundation of hope; the production of correct content and its role in religious identification and gaining hope; patience, tolerance of suffering, and hope for divine intervention; the spread of kindness and benevolence in religious teachings; the interdependence of religion, answering doubts, and increasing awareness; reducing social damage; and expanding solidarity and social belonging. The core category, the agency of religiosity in the multifaceted revitalization of social hope, was identified.</p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">Participants sought various strategies to enhance and strengthen their social hope. They practiced kindness and beneficence, such as making vows, which increased their resilience to adversity by reinforcing their connection with a higher power. These practices aimed to improve problem-solving and provide mental and spiritual peace in this life and the hereafter. Participation in religious ceremonies and rituals also contributed to social cohesion by strengthening bonds and relationships.</p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"> </p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><strong>Conclusion </strong></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">The core category, the role of religiosity in the multifaceted revival of social hope, reflects a complex interplay of factors, conditions, and contexts. It illustrates that religiosity's role in expressing and developing social hope is multifaceted and not singularly causal. Social hope, from various humanities perspectives, remains a significant concern for individuals and cultural policymakers.</p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="LTR" style="mso-bidi-language: FA;"> </span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; line-height: 97%;"><span class="rynqvb"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" clear="all" /> </span></p> <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">* Ph.D</span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Student of cultural policy, Kharazmi University, Iran.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">rahatalebiardakani@gmail.com</span></p> </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">** Corresponding author: Pr</span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ofessor of Sociology Department, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">zare@khu.ac.ir</span></p> </div> <div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">*** Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran</span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Reza_safaryshali@khu.ac.ir</span></p> </div> <div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="" href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">**** Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Kharazmi U</span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">niversity, Tehran, Iran.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">alireza.karimi@khu.ac.ir</span></p> </div> </div> <p> </p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Designing and Explaining the Conceptual Model of Training Female School Employees in Virtual Space
Abadaleh Ah,madi Nader Shahamat Moslem Salehi hamed khoramshokuh<p>Considering the numerous challenges in online education, this research aims to compile and design a new and innovative model of virtual education. In the qualitative phase, among the qualitative research strategies, the grounded theory was used to develop a comprehen More<p>Considering the numerous challenges in online education, this research aims to compile and design a new and innovative model of virtual education. In the qualitative phase, among the qualitative research strategies, the grounded theory was used to develop a comprehensive model that includes causal factors, intervening factors, contextual factors, and conceptual model strategies for training female school employees in virtual space. Interviews were used as the primary data collection tool. Based on the obtained results, a total of 143 concepts and 21 categories or open codes were identified and extracted. The 21 identified categories were placed in the 6 main grounded data categories. Based on the results of the qualitative method, a questionnaire based on the extracted model was compiled and provided to female teachers. According to the results of the structural equation modeling of the questionnaire data, causal relationships with a factor loading of 0.435 and a T-statistic of 9.624 have a direct and significant effect on the main category. Therefore, causal conditions have a positive and significant effect on the main category. The main category, with a factor loading of 0.471 and a T-statistic of 7.734, has a direct and significant effect on strategies. The main category positively and significantly affects strategies. Strategies, with a factor loading of 0.512, affect the outcomes. Strategies have a positive and significant impact on outcomes. Intervening conditions have a direct and significant effect on the outcomes with a factor loading of 0.491. Therefore, intervening conditions positively and significantly affect the strategy. Finally, the contextual conditions, with a factor loading of 0.529, have a direct effect on the outcomes. Contextual conditions have a positive and significant effect on the strategy. In the end, the statistical validity of the model was confirmed.</p> Manuscript profile
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