حق

Open Access Article

1 - اخلاق در فناوری اطلاعات و حق کپی رایت
kivan ghashghaei

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Open Access Article

2 - Red Reason and Green Rights: Illuminationist Anthropology and Human Rights
A m

The notion of "Human Rights" encompass the two notions of "man" and "right" and the relationship between the two. This relationship, however, pertains to much theoretical as well as philosophical elaboration. Looking critically at the prevailing conception of this relat More

The notion of "Human Rights" encompass the two notions of "man" and "right" and the relationship between the two. This relationship, however, pertains to much theoretical as well as philosophical elaboration. Looking critically at the prevailing conception of this relationship, namely that of possessive individualism, this paper points to a different conception of such relationship. Using the two metaphors of "Red Reason" for a conception of "man", and "Green Rights" for an emancipatory conception of "right", an Illuminationist (Eshraghi) view of "human rights" is elaborated on. Manuscript profile

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3 - The European Medieval Conception of Citizenship: Individualistic or Collectivistic?
seyed alireza Hoseyni Beheshti

As Europe entered the Middle Ages and the emergence of a Christian otherworldly perspective together with its individualistic and universalistic nature, the view on the Man and his status, both concerning the society and the state, transformed dramatically. The transfor More

As Europe entered the Middle Ages and the emergence of a Christian otherworldly perspective together with its individualistic and universalistic nature, the view on the Man and his status, both concerning the society and the state, transformed dramatically. The transformation had its effects on the conception of citizenship inherited from ancient Greece and Rome. The classical and more or less still dominated view on the history of social and intellectual developments of that period, offers an image according to which the spread of Christianity resulted in merging individuality into the community. Here I try to show, through relying on recent and less biased historical researches, that the classical interpretation that views the period as the fading individualism in favor of a collectivism emerged from the teachings of Christianity, the assimilatory political culture dominated early western modern societies, spring from the Renascence and then Enlightenment rather than the Christian culture. Manuscript profile

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4 - A Comparative Study Of The Nature Of The Head And The Right To Trade With An Approach To Free Trade And Industrial Zones
Farshad Akbari Balanga Seyed Alireza Mirheidari Langroudi

Goodwill is one of the most important issue’s of renting , which has emerged in the contemporary period and was first established in France , and then French law has entered Iran's rights. In 1997, it was recognized by the legislator. This was right before the laws ente More

Goodwill is one of the most important issue’s of renting , which has emerged in the contemporary period and was first established in France , and then French law has entered Iran's rights. In 1997, it was recognized by the legislator. This was right before the laws entered into Iran's commercial convention. What was recognized in Iran's laws in the past was the right to business and trade that most of the jurists called to oppose it and declared it a non – religious. Consequently¬ opposition , the Convention on the Trade , which was reflected in the form of goodwill in the writings¬ of jurists, influenced their legal theories for the first time in the framework of the legal Relations Law and the tenant of 1997. Although the law could not be all to goodwill issues. Because the concept of goodwill and its nature is not clear, and at the same time the conditions of realization of the goodwill and the implementation guarantee¬ Failure to comply with these terms and also the right to the third parties is not clear. Also , the goodwill and conditions of realization of the transfer and conformity of it in Iran's free trade and industrial zones have ambiguities. Hence , in this thesis we are going to clarify the ambiguities and solutions to solve this issue. Manuscript profile

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5 - A Study Of Obligatory And Situational Rules In The Iranian Legal System
Arman Yaghobi Moghadam Ashkan Naeimi

Rules based on one division in the science of principles are divided into situational and obligatory rules.There is one difference between the fundamentalists in the nature of the obligatory rulings, but there is a difference of opinion in the nature of the rulings. Two More

Rules based on one division in the science of principles are divided into situational and obligatory rules.There is one difference between the fundamentalists in the nature of the obligatory rulings, but there is a difference of opinion in the nature of the rulings. Two comments have been obtained between principles. Some fundamentalists, such as Sheikh Ansari, consider the status quo to be detached from the mandatory mandate. Others, such as Fazel Toni, consider the nature of the status quo to be independent. In this research that in terms of practice data collection is a library, we will prove that the separation of status sentences from mandatory sentences in the Iranian legal system has many benefits. Manuscript profile

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6 - A Comparative Study of Mortgage Contract and Its Establishment in Iranian and American Legal Systems
Farideh Shokri

Abstract: According to Iranian legal system, despite the existence of fixed debt in an obligation, pledgee and its waiver, the mortgage contract shall be enforceable and the right of pledgee shall be established on the mortgaged object. This is done without any differen More

Abstract: According to Iranian legal system, despite the existence of fixed debt in an obligation, pledgee and its waiver, the mortgage contract shall be enforceable and the right of pledgee shall be established on the mortgaged object. This is done without any difference between the two stages of creation and establishment of the right of pledge. Even in the case of immovable mortgage it is obligatory to register the document. On the other hand, in Iranian legal system the principle of transferability of the mortgage – however briefly – has been officially recognized so that conclusion of a mortgage contract and the establishment of the right of pledgee is no obstacle to future transfer of mortgage or pertinent rights by the mortgagor in case it does not violate the rights of the pledgee. The rule of this principle, without special stipulations on establishment of the rights mentioned in the contract such as obligation to register the mortgage, will sometimes raise consequences such as dispute in discerning priority, reference to the superficial contracts containing the date of priority and consequently violating the rights of pledgee as well as legal dispute in courts and probably penal procedures. Whereas in many legal systems across the world, the US legal system for instance, there is a distinction between the two stages of concluding the mortgage contract or a pledge and stipulations for the establishment of the rights of mortgage for either side. In these legal systems, a distinction has been made between movable and immovable mortgage and establishment of the right of pledgee on each case requires finishing certain formalities otherwise, the right of the pledgee will be incomplete and the priority will be with the other party finishing the procedure. The question raised in this paper is this: Is it possible to make a distinction between the two stages in Iranian legal system with respect to the existing jurisprudential laws and the enforceable legal texts? Manuscript profile

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7 - Right to a healthy environment in the light of the principles of jurisprudence and ethics
Mohsen Emami Gheshlagh Seyyed Mohammad Hashemi Mohsen Mohebbi Vali Rostami

Today, the spread of science and technology and, consequently, of the industry, despite the granting of peace and prosperity to humans, have caused destruction, pollution and harm and the creation of environmental crises. An environment which is the basis of social, eco More

Today, the spread of science and technology and, consequently, of the industry, despite the granting of peace and prosperity to humans, have caused destruction, pollution and harm and the creation of environmental crises. An environment which is the basis of social, economic and political life, is necessary for the survival of every human being and as a platform for human life and its means of evolution, in the jurisprudential and moral discourse, a reasonable capacity for research in order to protect it as the human right and duty of the human community has it. In this regard, in order to achieve healthy environment and its importance, there are two approaches. In the first approach, for nature, as divine value is intrinsic and nature itself is discussed, but in the second approach, the necessity of preserving the nature as a tool for use In this article, the authors, while believing in the first approach, seek to explain the ethics of the environment by emphasizing the jurisprudential and moral teachings in order to protect it as a fundamental human right. Manuscript profile

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8 - Morality and fair procedure in the light of predictability principle of procedure rules
jalil ghanavati Eslam Mondani

The relationship between morality and law is a definite affirmation and endorsement of philosophers, ethical thinkers and lawyers. Ethics in the process of procedure are one of the issues that can be specifically addressed in relation to these two issues. Predictability More

The relationship between morality and law is a definite affirmation and endorsement of philosophers, ethical thinkers and lawyers. Ethics in the process of procedure are one of the issues that can be specifically addressed in relation to these two issues. Predictability principle in civil procedure is considered as one of civil fair procedure principles, looking carefully at provisions of the civil procedure code of Iran and other regulations and Shiite jurisprudence judicial discussions related to the role of judge and the evidences, predictability principle can be recognized in Iran civil procedure code as civil fair procedure principle. Documents of matching transnational procedure and documents and rules of arbitration sample significantly support predictability principle in civil procedure in judge’s performance and litigants of private disputes in relation to evidence. The relationship of other procedure principles is sometimes coordinated with predictability principle such as contradiction principle, parties’ despotic domination principle on civil claim, and the principle of judge neutrality and sometimes is conflicting with other principles of civil procedure such as prohibition of unduly prolonging civil procedure principle, the principle of civil party’s hearing right. In this field, the exact scope and the quality of implementing this principle should be carefully investigated in the light of other civil fair procedure. The sanction of violating implementation of the predictability principle in the civil procedure is invalidity of judicial decisions and possibility of research or appeal violation in this principle of civil fair procedure. The research method is descriptive and analytical. Manuscript profile

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9 - Examining Ethical Ethical Patterns from the Point of View And judicial procedures in the international system
Seyyed Hossein Mousavi Seyyed Baqer Mir Abbasi Mahmoud Bagheri

International law, which in the beginning looked at the relations between countries, today has paid attention to the dimensions of a wide range of human beings. Today, the deterioration of environmental crises is to a large extent endangered human life and other creatur More

International law, which in the beginning looked at the relations between countries, today has paid attention to the dimensions of a wide range of human beings. Today, the deterioration of environmental crises is to a large extent endangered human life and other creatures on the planet. For this reason, the theoretical foundations determining human interaction with nature, including ethics, are of interest to environmentalists. The explanation of the ethical theory of the environment from the perspective of judgments and judicial procedures in the international system, from the requirements of conservation and exploitation From the global environment. The common environmental ethics are based on a range of intrinsic value foundations that are human-centered and ecosystem-based, but in recent years, the proper interaction of man with the natural environment and the solution to the environmental crises of the world in the return Search for the basics of judicial procedures in the international system. In this article, we try to elucidate environmental ethical considerations in relation to the two fundamental questions of ethics about the "global environment" and "international judicial procedures" and to show why explanation of environmental ethics based on the view of the legal system Internationally, there is a more comprehensive view of environmental protection. Hence, "In recent years, ethical factors in international environmental law have been considered as part of the international community's public order. And has also become increasingly prominent in the work of the International Court of Justice. "This issue was of particular importance in terms of accessing the healthy environment as a human right. Also, issues related to ethics in the environment, commitments and responsibilities of countries, environmental perception as common property, and so on, caused countries, as the main determinants of international law, to take effective steps with the cooperation of other actors in international affairs To regulate the behavior of countries and other international actors in the field of the environment. Manuscript profile

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10 - Ethical mechanisms to support from ‘suffering in silence’ by taking approach toward reducing black record of crimes against children
Mohammad

Writing of present research aims to investigate strategies in the course of reducing black record of crimes against children and to discover and reveal such offences in terms of their vulnerability. This study has been conducted using descriptive- analytical method and More

Writing of present research aims to investigate strategies in the course of reducing black record of crimes against children and to discover and reveal such offences in terms of their vulnerability. This study has been conducted using descriptive- analytical method and by means of librarian references. The conducted studies about this topic may interpret that due to some various reasons, the victimized children may not report the offences perpetrated against their own and as a consequence not only have not they been supported by what anticipated in law, but also they are undergone double injuries by secondary and repeated victimization. The child victims, who are called as ‘silent victims’ and or ‘suffering in silence’, should have potential to reflect the offences perpetrated on them and led to breach their rights in order to enjoy criminal supports and otherwise. Thus, it has been tried in this paper to display image of requisite for culture-building and public sensitivity to recognize basic rights for children and to report the infringement cases of such rights as well as their right of expression of victimization and right of hearing (in the court) in order to break silence in children and also to acquire trust from the victimized children in criminal justice system through providing some facilities in proceeding process. Such measures result in further discovery and revealing of crimes against children Manuscript profile

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11 - Moral advice and the need to prioritize public rights in the field of permissions and public mines
Seyed Hashem Bathaie Seyed Ali Akbar Taghavian

Morality is a category that has always been present and everywhere, and its flow is a non-mentioned condition in all human activities; Similarly, in the field of contracts and the right to property and the exercise of private rights, morality has a colorful presence and More

Morality is a category that has always been present and everywhere, and its flow is a non-mentioned condition in all human activities; Similarly, in the field of contracts and the right to property and the exercise of private rights, morality has a colorful presence and has serious advice. Therefore, in the field of legal behaviors that are related to the public sphere, law and the right of sovereignty and the general public. Naturally, ethics has presence and advice. The present study examines the exploitation of people's rights and privileges, as well as public mines, which naturally have a lot to do with public law, and moral advice will impose restrictions. It discusses the right of individuals to own property in the private sphere, describes it in a descriptive way, and discusses the library's methods and tools, and achieves innovative and good results in this regard, and answers several questions and ambiguities in this regard. It has been found that individuals are exploited in the realm of permissiveness and reed The public mines are not absolutely free and open, but have a number of limitations, including in the area of ethical advice. Manuscript profile

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12 - Investigating the Moral Challenges of the Right to Silence of the Accused in the Iranian Legal System
Seyed Alireza Mousavi Masoud Ghasemi Mohammad Javad Jafari

One of the most obvious rights of the accused, which is considered in international documents and legal systems, as well as in the Iranian legal system, is the right of the accused to remain silent at various stages of the proceedings. It has been disputed that some con More

One of the most obvious rights of the accused, which is considered in international documents and legal systems, as well as in the Iranian legal system, is the right of the accused to remain silent at various stages of the proceedings. It has been disputed that some consider the observance of the right to silence to cause delays in the trial, the escape of the accused and professional perpetrators from the grip of justice, etc. Failure to comply with the defendant's right to remain silent has provided for an executive guarantee There are obstacles and problems in the implementation of the right of silence of the accused in the various stages of the proceedings in the Iranian legal system, which should be considered as a challenge. Obstacles and Challenges It should not be overlooked. In the following study, descriptive and library methods have been used. The truth is that predicting ethical and legislative mechanisms, judicial, administrative and disciplinary to facilitate the implementation of the right to remain silent at various stages of the proceedings, recognizing solutions to address existing challenges, takes a very useful and effective step to make the criminal justice system fair. Be.. Manuscript profile

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13 - The conceptual model of realism Emphasizing the political thought and behavior of Imam Ali
Abbasali Rahbar Mahmoud Shariati

The relationship between religion and politics in the thought of Imam Ali has been an ontological and consistency column of the relationship between society and government. However, this framework, in symmetry to the pattern of realism in the intellectual system of Imam More

The relationship between religion and politics in the thought of Imam Ali has been an ontological and consistency column of the relationship between society and government. However, this framework, in symmetry to the pattern of realism in the intellectual system of Imam, is, as a concept, effective in creating legitimacy, participation, and advancement in the political system that can be planed, understood and labeled. In the framework, the process of conceptualizing realism by relying on rationality in two levels of thought, with emphasis on concepts such as human dignity, the right to choose people, the implementation of justice and the necessity of the state; and at the level of behavior with an emphasis on the political action of the Imam in determining the caliph, Adoption of arbitration and coexistence with religions will be formulated. This paper tries to achieve two important goals by applying Skinner's interpretation theory: On the other hand, the concept of realism can be understood in the thoughts and behavior of Imam Ali and, on the other hand, the effectiveness of realism in the balance of the part and the coherence of social forces are measured. Obviously, achieving these goals involves the implementation of a range of concepts and subjects. As a result, it is important to understand the framework of the discussion of the plan. 1) Attachment of Realism to Rationality 2) Relevance of Realism with Ideal 3) Conceptualization of Realism 4) Positioning of the environmental conditions and social contexts of the target. Manuscript profile

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14 - A Comparative Study of the Idea of Islamic Government in the Works of Abdolkarim Soroush and Mohammad Taqi Mesbah Yazdi
seyed mohsen ahmadi abbas Salehi Najafabadi qhasem Torabi

Familiarity with the ideas of thinkers provides the path for development of knowledge of their ideas in society both among the laity and the experts. The goal of the present article is the comparative study of the ideas of Abdolkarim Soroush and Mohammad Taqi Mesbah Yaz More

Familiarity with the ideas of thinkers provides the path for development of knowledge of their ideas in society both among the laity and the experts. The goal of the present article is the comparative study of the ideas of Abdolkarim Soroush and Mohammad Taqi Mesbah Yazdi on Islamic government. Having provided , the ideas of these two thinkers as regards Islamic government in general and also as their intellectual dispute are delineated. The most important issue in this article is that what are the ideas of these two Muslim thinkers regarding the essence and philosophy of Islamic government? We have also debated the details of their ideas in order to provide a dependable account of them. This essay is based on hermeneuetical method. Through the study, the works of Soroush and Mesbah Yazdi as regards Islamic government have been compared. The methodology is librarary based and the result shows that the ideas of these two thinkers have their origin in the same intellectual origin though they have become divided in the course of time. This article can be helpful in the analysis of the works and ideas of other Muslim thinkers on Islamic government Manuscript profile

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15 - Explaining and criticizing of the concept of right in Modern Philosophy Based on Islamic Based on Islamic Transcendental Philosophy
Mohammad Mahdi Gorjian Arabi Reza Azarian

The concept of right is one of the most widely used words in various Knowledge such as philosophy, theology, jurisprudence, law, politics, mysticism and ethics. This concept can be examined from two main perspectives. The first is the real and descriptive dimension of t More

The concept of right is one of the most widely used words in various Knowledge such as philosophy, theology, jurisprudence, law, politics, mysticism and ethics. This concept can be examined from two main perspectives. The first is the real and descriptive dimension of the concept of right which is discussed in the real sciences and the second is the normative and credit dimension which is of particular use in the Humanities and social sciences. Although the distinction between "being right" and "having right" and the distinction between the nominal and nominal uses of the concept of right clarifies the boundary between truth and validity between the real sciences and the credit sciences, the monopoly of the discussion of truth in its modern sense (right). In the philosophy of modern right philosophy, as one of the redundant philosophers, it will give exclusive attention to the modern philosophical view and neglect of the idea of transcendent wisdom and pure Islamic belief in this debate. In examining the philosophy of right in the modern sense, we examine the concept of right in the idea of transcendent Philosophy as a deeply held belief in its real and credit aspects, and then critique the concept of right in modern Philosophy .The research method in this study is analytical and descriptive. Manuscript profile

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16 - Protected Works in Iranian Industrial Property Rights with the Approach of Paris Convention
Hamidreza Salehi

Nowadays, industrial property rights play an important role in international trade, e-commerce, investment and growing economic relations. In general, industrial property rights system has been introduced as one of the fundamental issues of modern economic policy at the More

Nowadays, industrial property rights play an important role in international trade, e-commerce, investment and growing economic relations. In general, industrial property rights system has been introduced as one of the fundamental issues of modern economic policy at the national level and as a context and important tool for sustainable development in developing and least developed countries. Furthermore, robust and effective protection of industrial property rights is very important and decisive factor in facilitating technology transfer policies and to attract foreign direct investment in certain sectors of economic that is vital for sustainable development. Countries that are experiencing liberalization of economic and industrial policies, the existence of a strong and robust intellectual property system is one of the most important factors that are necessary to ensure the process of liberalization. One important result can restructure the industrial and commercial sectors and finally to encourage small and medium investors to use the intellectual property system as a tool for economic and national technology development. However, in spite of the great quantitative and qualitative potentials in Iran, it is not happened any significant growth in the field of knowledge, production and preservation of the protected examples in the field of industrial property; On this basis, the patents system, industrial designs, trademarks, integrated circuits, trade secrets and geographical indications of origin in the system of industrial property rights are reviewed and studied and a comparative study to Paris Convention and Trips Agreement is conducted in this paper. Manuscript profile

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17 - Developement of the Patent Prioritization Model using the Electre Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process: A Case Study of Technology Selection in a Cellphone Company
mehdi khojasteh Marayam Ashrafi

10.7508/jstpi.2019.02.007

With the advent of growing knowledge of the economy and the rapid growth of technology, intellectual property has become the focus of attention of corporate investment managers and researchers. Patent are considered to be the most important intellectual asset, and one o More

With the advent of growing knowledge of the economy and the rapid growth of technology, intellectual property has become the focus of attention of corporate investment managers and researchers. Patent are considered to be the most important intellectual asset, and one of the reasons for this is the extensive research that has been done on the various dimensions of these rights. The patent provides the possessor with the possibility to use the technology exclusively for a limited period (often twenty years). Since many industrial and service companies need to acquire new technologies by the purchase of patent rights to maintain their competitive advantage and sustained business growth, the issue of patent assessment has become a serious challenge in the field of technology. In this research, a model for evaluating and ranking patents based on multi-criteria programming methods is presented and then the resulting model is implemented in a cell phone company. The company is required to choose a technology from four technologies: (1) a dual display, (2) missing phone tracking, (3) wireless communications security, and (4) remote banking to develop its products. The implementation of the model is based on four main criteria: (1) the essence of technology, (2) the cost of technology, (3) the product market, and (4) the technology market in the company led to the choice of wireless security technology. Also the accuracy of the result obtained from the implementation of the research model has been confirmed by the method of ELECTRE. Manuscript profile

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18 - The Protection of New Technological Methods of Business in the Patent System
hossein sadeghi Mahdi Naser

10.52547/jstpi.20970.18.69.10

Until the last two decades, the prevailing view has always been that business methods are excluded from the scope of patent. Therefore, according to the laws of many countries, including Iran, business methods are mentioned as one of the exceptions to the scope of paten More

Until the last two decades, the prevailing view has always been that business methods are excluded from the scope of patent. Therefore, according to the laws of many countries, including Iran, business methods are mentioned as one of the exceptions to the scope of patent. However, along with technological developments and the development of new business methods based on computer technologies, electronic communication tools, e-commerce models and apps, legal and judicial developments have limited the scope of this exception and accepted the possibility of registering business methods that would lead to the creation of a new and practical technical effect. In this article, using Descriptive-analytical research method, based on the data obtained from the library study, while examining the existing capacities and challenges in the legal system of Iran, the situation in some other legal systems such as the United States and the procedure of the European Patent Office has been examined. Manuscript profile

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19 - The Impact of Deprivation of Rights on Intrinsic Dignity and Human Personality in Civil Rights
Farhad Parvin Hoseinieh Radpasand

Article 959 of the Civil Code deals with the deprivation of rights in general and in Article 960 specifically with the deprivation of rights related to personality. Prohibition of deprivation of liberty is rooted in the inherent dignity and dignity of man. But on the ot More

Article 959 of the Civil Code deals with the deprivation of rights in general and in Article 960 specifically with the deprivation of rights related to personality. Prohibition of deprivation of liberty is rooted in the inherent dignity and dignity of man. But on the other hand, the requirement of social as well as family life is the restriction of certain rights and freedoms governing human personality. But partial deprivation of rights is also permissible to the extent that it is not contrary to public order and good morals and does not hurt public feeling. In this article, with the descriptive-analytical method, these findings have been obtained, which guarantees the implementation of the general deprivation of rights related to personality and also its partial deprivation in cases that are contrary to public order and good morals. However, in cases where the deprivation of the right is partial and legitimate, the non-observance of the obligations by the obligor to the deprivation of the right causes his civil liability. Manuscript profile

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20 - Jurisprudential-ethical analysis of "the right to a healthy environment" as a human right
askar jalaliyan

The right to a healthy environment is one of the fundamental human rights and vital issues in today's world, and sensitivity and attention to it are growing exponentially. Advances in science and technology have paved the way for the increasing domination and exploitati More

The right to a healthy environment is one of the fundamental human rights and vital issues in today's world, and sensitivity and attention to it are growing exponentially. Advances in science and technology have paved the way for the increasing domination and exploitation of nature. To the extent that its protection and prevention of pollution is one of the most important issues of the late twentieth century. In this scientific-research article which is of descriptive-analytical type with the jurisprudential-moral approach, the right to a healthy environment as a human right has been explored. The main question of the article is what measures have been devised in jurisprudence and moral principles to realize the "right to a healthy environment as a human right"? According to the research findings, from the Islamic point of view, preserving nature and not destroying it is considered a divine duty, not paying attention to it is morally reprehensible and harming it causes damage. Manuscript profile

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21 - Research Ethics and Children's Rights
Shima Tabatabai

Background and aim: Despite the increasing global attention on the societal need to respect the principles of children's participatory rights in which children are involved, surprisingly, the relationship between children's rights and research ethics is not clear and re More

Background and aim: Despite the increasing global attention on the societal need to respect the principles of children's participatory rights in which children are involved, surprisingly, the relationship between children's rights and research ethics is not clear and research ethics for children’s rights have been neglected in the social sciences literature. The aim of this study is to determine the relation of the ethical guidelines with children’s right. Method: This analytic study conducted to analyze the ethical research considerations from human rights and child right perspective. Results: Our analysis revealed that although the human right principles referred to in the social research ethical guidelines, the definition of “right” and especially children rights are ignored. Within the social sciences research ethical guidelines, including those related to children, there is often a lack of direct referral to the human rights principles emphasized by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). Conclusion: Linking the human rights principles within research ethics guidelines will promote and encourage a rights-based approach to child research. These specific Research ethics guidelines need to be drawn upon the UNCRC. Manuscript profile

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22 - Research Ethics and Children's Rights
Shima Tabatabai

Background and aim: Despite the increasing global attention on the societal need to respect the principles of children's participatory rights in which children are involved, surprisingly, the relationship between children's rights and research ethics is not clear and re More

Background and aim: Despite the increasing global attention on the societal need to respect the principles of children's participatory rights in which children are involved, surprisingly, the relationship between children's rights and research ethics is not clear and research ethics for children’s rights have been neglected in the social sciences literature. The aim of this study is to determine the relation of the ethical guidelines with children’s right. Method: This analytic study conducted to analyze the ethical research considerations from human rights and child right perspective. Results: Our analysis revealed that although the human right principles referred to in the social research ethical guidelines, the definition of “right” and especially children rights are ignored. Within the social sciences research ethical guidelines, including those related to children, there is often a lack of direct referral to the human rights principles emphasized by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). Conclusion: Linking the human rights principles within research ethics guidelines will promote and encourage a rights-based approach to child research. These specific Research ethics guidelines need to be drawn upon the UNCRC. Manuscript profile

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23 - Evaluation of the Right to Oral Health of a Child and its Realization on the International Stage
Aghil Mohammadi Aghil Mohammadi Abdosaheb Niknam

Health is one of the most important human rights. The right to oral health is one aspect of this right and an integral part of public health pertains to the disease-free status and chronic pain in the mouth, face and throat. Among the human groups, children are the most More

Health is one of the most important human rights. The right to oral health is one aspect of this right and an integral part of public health pertains to the disease-free status and chronic pain in the mouth, face and throat. Among the human groups, children are the most vulnerable to various health threats, and therefore international instruments, in particular the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), emphasize the right to children's health. Oral diseases are among the factors that seriously affect this right. These diseases not only cause pain, but also affect the eating, speaking and quality of life, inner and social self-esteem of the child. Based on a descriptive-analytical approach and in the light of an overview of the international law approach to the right to health and the right to oral health and the explanation of children's rights in this field, the present paper addresses the question of the right to oral health and what is the position of child in oral health? This paper concludes that, despite the particular importance of children's oral health and the achievement of important results in this area, Oral diseases continue to be widespread among children and the right to do so is faced with many obstacles and limitations. In addition to international institutions, it is essential that states, along with global health programs for all, are targeted and organized, in particular to prevent these diseases and improve access to primary health care. Access to health information around the world, the use of new technologies, regular and annual reports by states on children's oral health can help promote the right to children's oral health. Manuscript profile

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24 - Children's Rights to Education in International Human Rights Documents
Marzieh Hojaji Najaf Abadi Massimo Papa

Children's rights, as part of the human rights debate, focus on protecting and supporting children and achieving their basic rights. Human rights are the inherent rights of all human beings. Children also have the same rights without discrimination. The main purpose of More

Children's rights, as part of the human rights debate, focus on protecting and supporting children and achieving their basic rights. Human rights are the inherent rights of all human beings. Children also have the same rights without discrimination. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the right to education of children and to study it in international documents. An analytical approach has been used to achieve this goal. The main focus of this analysis is the Convention on the Rights of the Child as the most important document in the field of child rights, related articles on the Child’s education right, other international human rights instruments, the position of education in the international human rights system, the Declaration of Human Rights and Islamic Declaration of Human Rights. Therefore, recognizing the right to education for children in the human rights system will require the support and commitment of governments to provide children with access to appropriate educational facilities. The Declaration of the Rights of the Child incorporates the broad concept of the child as the right holder. The four basic principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child can be: 1. The principle of non-discrimination and the guarantee of the rights of the Convention for all children without any discrimination; 2. The priority of the interests of the child in any law and regulations affecting the child; 3. The right to life, survival and development of children and adolescents; 4. The right to have children's views and opinions at all stages of their decision-making. In this international instrument, Articles 28 and 29 recognize the right to education in children and this right has been enshrined in equal opportunities. Another international human rights instrument, especially in the field of children and the right to education of children, is the Human Rights Declaration of 1948. Article 26 recognizes the right to education of children and everyone has the right to equal access to education and access. It also sees education as guiding the human personality with good understanding, forgiveness and respect for different beliefs. This analysis, on the one hand, represents the belief in the inherent dignity of children and the "human personality" without any discrimination on the basis of issues of gender, color, opinion, ethnicity and religion, and on the other hand, emphasizes the principle is to protect children and to recognize their fundamental rights. The right to education as a human rights principle in the field of children, including the right to access to education, the right to quality and standard education, respect for the human dignity and dignity of the child, non-discrimination education at all stages of childhood, access to educational opportunities and equality of opportunity in education. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Protecting Children against Inappropriate and Harmful Computer Games
Mohammas Javad Arabian Seyedeh Parisa Mirabi Ali Zand

The use of computer games among children is rapidly expanding and it has become an integral part of children's daily lives. These games, with their innovative potential, can provide motivation for therapy, enhance practical skills and facilitate teaching and learning co More

The use of computer games among children is rapidly expanding and it has become an integral part of children's daily lives. These games, with their innovative potential, can provide motivation for therapy, enhance practical skills and facilitate teaching and learning concepts. In addition to the positive aspects, playing these games has negative effects and on the other hand, kids drowning in computer games will lead to earn profits and benefits by the companies that make these games. This study, with descriptive-analytical method using domestic laws and regulations and internationals treaties and other library resources; was carried out to examine the protection of the children's rights from harmful computer games by applying sociological theories; domestic law and international documents and has used descriptive, analytical method aimed to ensure the right to play, enjoy and entertain. The present study was conducted aimed to examine the benefits and disadvantages of computer games to express legal requirements and protections and protect users from harmful effects of these games. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Children’s Rights in the Urban Rights in Light of Convention on the Rights of the Child
Shahram Salami Mohammad Mazhari

Development of urbanization in the world has made the states confront various challenges in realm of certain rights of citizens, especially children, as far as they need more attention than other citizens concerning their special developmental conditions. However, not o More

Development of urbanization in the world has made the states confront various challenges in realm of certain rights of citizens, especially children, as far as they need more attention than other citizens concerning their special developmental conditions. However, not only the cities are not designed based on the needs of children, they do not offer the least rights to them. Convention on the Rights of the Child is certainly the main legal document for children. Children benefit from different rights that are reflected in the convention on the rights of children; however, this study intends to answer this question that, “What are the rights of children in the urban right area?” The necessity of identifying the children rights in the urban rights is important on that as one of the main pillars of the society, children are mostly subject to most social, economic, health and educational threats and losses. Moreover, as far as identification of the rights of children in cities is emergent at international arena, particularly in Iran, and concerning the efforts of international organizations such as UNISEF on promotion of these rights, the city managers and policymakers are expected to carry out the required action in this area. Based on this, the present study seeks to explain the main rights of children in cities such as non-discrimination, the right of children with disabilities, public hearing, benefiting social security, the right to health, education and playing and pleasure through investigating various economic, social and cultural areas that are effective on the children rights in urban area by collecting data through library method and descriptive-analytical data analysis. It is concluded that although appropriate theoretical actions have been taken by urban institution in Iran, it is obvious that there is a great gap in practice to make children achieve desired status. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - رویکرد حق محور به توسعه

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Open Access Article

28 - Explaining the Role of Insurance in Developing Financial Institutions and Economic Growth in Selected Countries Using Dynamic panel Data Regression Methods and Generalized Momentum Estimation (GMM)
Mohammad Nasr Isfahani Teimour Mohammadi

One of the key factors of countries’ planning in order to reach a stable long-term economic growth is existence of a proper financial market. Based on economic literature, efficient financial markets can positively affected economic growth of a nation. Furthermore, inve More

One of the key factors of countries’ planning in order to reach a stable long-term economic growth is existence of a proper financial market. Based on economic literature, efficient financial markets can positively affected economic growth of a nation. Furthermore, investigation of effects of insurance which under a favorable financial market can make a direct and indirect influences on economic growth is mainly crucial for scholars. The main purpose of this study is to find out the effects of insurance and financial Structure on economic growth of 40 selected countries using a panel data approach over the period of 2000-2012. The results revealed that financial structure in some cases has significant effect, while in a number of cases, it shows insignificant impact. Also, the financial development index has a negligible negative effect on the economic growth of advanced countries and in the same way, this variable in MENA countries has a negative impact on economic growth. Moreover, this variable has various coefficients in several groups of countries. Furthermore, the findings depicted a positive significant effect of insurance on economic growth in advanced economies, while it negatively affects the economic growth in American nations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - examination The Impact of Knowledge Productivity on Employee Empowerment in Insurance Company
Marziyeh Dehghani Nayeri Yousef Mohammadi moghaddam nader sheikholeslami

The current research is in correlation method, and it is quantitative and qualitative about kind of data. The statistical society is insurance company which are The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of knowledge productivity on the factors of human res More

The current research is in correlation method, and it is quantitative and qualitative about kind of data. The statistical society is insurance company which are The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of knowledge productivity on the factors of human resources empowerment of the employees of the insurance company. The statistical population of the study was selected from insurance employees (380 persons) by Cochran formula of 191 persons using simple random sampling. A questionnaire consisted of three parts: Demographic information, Spritzer empowerment questionnaire, Knowledge productivity questionnaire (Qualitative Interview Questionnaire). Results were analyzed in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics by LISREL software. Relationship between knowledge productivity and job meaningfulness (r = 0.83), between knowledge productivity and competence feeling (r = 0.86), between knowledge productivity with feeling of independence (r = 0.92), between knowledge productivity and feeling effective In the job (r = 0.90), there is a strong and positive relationship between knowledge productivity and a sense of trust in colleagues (r = 0.92), as well as between each component of knowledge productivity with empowerment. The relation between incremental innovation and empowerment (r = 0.66) and between fundamental innovation and empowerment (r = 0.92) was obtained. As a result, knowledge productivity is directly related to the empowerment of employees, but it does not have an impact on staff empowerment. So these factors are not conducive to empowering employees. According to the research findings, suggestions have been made to enrich staff empowerment and give importance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - The Right to Education of Children with Need of Mental Rehabilitation in International Human Rights Documents and Iranian Law
hoda paran mohammad ali pourmottaqi

The right to education, as a human right, is one of the most important rights defined in international and domestic instruments for all human beings and is mentioned in international documents such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Iran's domestic law, su More

The right to education, as a human right, is one of the most important rights defined in international and domestic instruments for all human beings and is mentioned in international documents such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Iran's domestic law, such as the Constitution. One of the most sensitive groups entitled to education are intellectually disabled children, who may face obstacles in achieving their rights for various reasons. It is certain that disability should not prevent children from having this important human right, but unfortunately, in practice, we are witnessing challenges and problems in the international and domestic spheres that prevent the timely and appropriate education of intellectually disabled children. One of the most important problems in this regard is the absence of required laws and, consequently, the executive deficiencies in the internal system to fully support and ensure the right to education for children with mental disabilities. Therefore, it is necessary for the legislator to pay special attention to this issue, considering the special situation of children with need of mental rehabilitation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - The Impact of Coronavirus upon the Concept of Interest with Reference to the Right of Child Meeting
Mohammad Javad Abdollahi Zainab Zainab Hatami

According to the article 45 of new law to protect family, it is obligatory to consider the interest of the children and youth in making any decision in the courts. Interest in family law is considered to be the highest interest. Following the spread of Coronavirus epide More

According to the article 45 of new law to protect family, it is obligatory to consider the interest of the children and youth in making any decision in the courts. Interest in family law is considered to be the highest interest. Following the spread of Coronavirus epidemic a new condition came into existence and it brought in its wake some basic changes in the life of people and affected the interest of children as well. On the one hand, if parents are affected by virus then it will affect the health of children as well. On the other hand, if they cut their relation to their children then they may suffer psychologically. Accordingly, some solutions should be sorted out to facilitate their meeting. The present article following a philosophical approach seeks to study its legal procedure and the views of scholars and the impact of this crisis on detecting the interest of children and the right of family for their meeting. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - The Right to Family Life of Children in the Light of Human Rights System
Mehri Toutounchian Mina Sarshar

The family has an irreplaceable role in ensuring the health of the individual and society; therefore, children should grow up under the care of parents and within the family. Parental care means keeping children in touch with the family. The present study has reviewed i More

The family has an irreplaceable role in ensuring the health of the individual and society; therefore, children should grow up under the care of parents and within the family. Parental care means keeping children in touch with the family. The present study has reviewed international documents on the necessity of children's right to family life in the light of the human rights system. The family, as the solid foundation of society and the first social institution, is a natural and fundamental unit that has historically always acted as a supporter and provider of the basic needs of its members. Numerous factors in the past few centuries and especially in recent decades have caused significant changes in the definition and structure and function of the family and the role of government in this entity. The international human rights system also recognizes the variability of the concept of family and that this concept varies from place to place and from time to time depending on historical, social and cultural conditions, while accepting the existence of different forms of social classes in all over the world, there is no specific definition of family and its types. Nevertheless, the right to family life of children is recognized as a fundamental right in the international human rights system. In addition to stipulating the right of the child to live in the family, the right to marry, to found a family, and support the institution of the family have been taken into consideration, which are rooted in human dignity and freedom. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - بررسی رابطه بین کارایی هیات مدیره و حق الزحمه حسابرسی در شرکت های سرمایه گذاری پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
خدیجه رئیسیان پروری

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the efficiency of the company's board of directors and the company's audit costs. The present study is post-event in terms of descriptive research method and applied in terms of purpose because its res More

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the efficiency of the company's board of directors and the company's audit costs. The present study is post-event in terms of descriptive research method and applied in terms of purpose because its results will be used by beneficiaries. The statistical population of this study is all investment, financial and insurance companies active in the Tehran Stock Exchange with 40 companies, which has formed a sample size of 33 companies through the systematic elimination method. In order to collect the required financial information, it was extracted through financial statements during the 5-year period of 1397-1393 by the data panel method, which was analyzed by SPSS software and Ivyuz. Various statistical tests, including regression, have been used for inferential analysis of variables for statistical analysis of data. Three hypotheses have been examined and the results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the size of the board of directors, the number of independent board members and the efficiency of the audit committee and audit fees. And research hypotheses were confirmed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Legal Protections of Children Under 8 on Instagram
Fatemeh abdi

Background and Aim: Children are one of the most vulnerable sections of the society and are exposed to all kinds of abuses due to the violation of their rights. Also, children's privacy in cyberspace is a very important issue. In this research, at first, the relationshi More

Background and Aim: Children are one of the most vulnerable sections of the society and are exposed to all kinds of abuses due to the violation of their rights. Also, children's privacy in cyberspace is a very important issue. In this research, at first, the relationship between the publication of children's pictures on Instagram by parents and their privacy, and then the damage of publishing children's pictures on their personality, was discussed, and then the scope of legal protection of children's privacy on Instagram was examined. The purpose of this research is to address the necessity of legal protection of children's privacy in cyberspace in order to maintain their mental health in the future. Method: This research has been done using documents and library resources and descriptive-analytical method. Results: Cyberspace is a mixture of opportunities and threats. Today, a number of parents by violating some of their children's rights such as image rights, increase the number of followers on their Instagram page and thereby attract advertisements and generate income. Also, the findings indicate that there are significant legal gaps in the field of protecting children's privacy in cyberspace, which will cause serious damage to the various aspects of the children's personality in the future. Conclusion: Supporting children is necessary and unavoidable due to their unequal position when playing a role in cyber space. The advancement of technology and stepping into the digital age requires the establishment of protective laws and specific legal mechanisms. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Comparative Study of Copyright in Iran and France Legal System
Sayed Ahmad Asgari Arjnky

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Open Access Article

36 - G4, an Effort for Permanent Membership in the UN Security Council: Background and Future Trends
آرمین امینی شمس عظیمی

During the past two decades, many states and groups of states have offered proposals for structural reforms in the UN Security Council. Some proposals seek to increase the number of permanent members of the Council. The G4 –Germany, Japan, India and Brazil – seems to st More

During the past two decades, many states and groups of states have offered proposals for structural reforms in the UN Security Council. Some proposals seek to increase the number of permanent members of the Council. The G4 –Germany, Japan, India and Brazil – seems to stand a better chance in this regard. This paper discusses special opportunities for permanent membership of this group in the Security Council while considering challenges facing it. All four countries enjoy comparative advantages in their own geographical regions which give them the chance to seek a permanent seat in the Security Council. On the other hand, they face two kinds of obstacles: regional and international obstacles. For some of these states, overcoming regional obstacles is more difficult than international ones and the opposite is true for others. This research aims to answer this question: What are the opportunities and challenges facing member states of this group in their effort to gain permanent seats in the Security Council? First, the necessity of structural reforms in the Security Council is discussed before analyzing the situation of these states and future outlook of the Council’s structure in the light of the existing situation of the international system Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - The Effect of Distance Learning through Shad Software on the Academic Achievement of Shahed Primary Special School Students in Alborz Province
Ehsan Golmehr Mahdi Kalhornia Golkar Meysam Kalhornia Golkar leila shiravand

Background and Aim: Education is one of the most important aspects of children's rights and so the quality of its implementation plays an important role in securing this right. This issue has a particular importance and sensitivity for children with special needs. With More

Background and Aim: Education is one of the most important aspects of children's rights and so the quality of its implementation plays an important role in securing this right. This issue has a particular importance and sensitivity for children with special needs. With the spread of the Corona pandemic in the world, the need for distance education became inevitable. In Iran, distance learning, including at the basic level, was formed using ‘Shad’ software, which is still current in many primary schools. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of this type of education on the educational achievement of children with special needs. Method: In this study, using a descriptive survey method and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the Academic Achievement Questionnaire adapted from Pham and Taylor's 1994 research, the statistical population, teachers of Shahed Fardis Exceptional School of Karaj was selected and data analysis was performed. Chi-square test and Friedman test were used with Spss software version 24. Results: The findings showed that the effect of ‘Shad’ software in distance education is positive in terms of software efficiency and effectiveness compared to other methods of distance education and also by creating a specific program to prepare for assessments; However, due to the absenteeism of education, the overall outcome of the comments was a negative impact on students' academic achievement compared to the attendance method at the end of the year. Also, this type of education can have a negative impact on academic achievement by reducing performance during face-to-face assessment, reducing literacy skills, and distracting students due to being at home. Conclusion: Distance education, especially with the elimination of hardware and software defects, as well as cultural placement and mutual understanding of teachers, parents and students, is an opportunity in some respects to increase academic achievement, but face-to-face education, as well, due to its functions, should still be considered and emphasized by the educational system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - Explaining the function of Transfer of Development Right (TDR) method in order to realize Islamic social justice
Reza Khaleghi Zohre Davoudpour reza nasr esfahani

Urban development with a social justice approach is one of the issues that has been neglected in many urban development plans. The transfer of the development right is considered one of the new ways of monitoring land development. The transfer of the development right i More

Urban development with a social justice approach is one of the issues that has been neglected in many urban development plans. The transfer of the development right is considered one of the new ways of monitoring land development. The transfer of the development right is important in terms of its position in reducing inequality and ensuring the individual rights of the owners. The development right transfer approach is actually a plan to reduce physical development in areas that the community or planners want to protect. This research aims to examine and implement the approach of the right to transfer development and explain some of the principles of important rules in the perspective of Islam, and its relevance and influence in urban development, and offers suggestions for the realization of social justice using this approach. The current research is an applied research that uses the descriptive-comparative research method to analyze and examine the data. To describe and analyze the data, the comparative literature review method has been used. Based on this, while gathering the topics of Islamic social justice and the method of transferring the right to development, the relationship between the aforementioned method and the realization of social justice is analyzed through the Delphi technique by receiving 5 rounds of opinions from 30 experts. As a result of this research, the principles of social justice include eight principles; Equality in public rights, the lack of objectivity of the position and position of people in the administration of justice, inequality in individual-social acquired rights, compliance with the requirements of time in receiving tariffs, equal access to public services, non-privatization of property and public interests, the benefit of all in public affairs, The lack of immunity of rulers and officials from justice was explained. And also compared to the basics of the right to transfer development method, it was found that the principles of equality in public law, the lack of objectivity of the position and position of individuals in the implementation of justice are completely consistent with the method of the right to transfer development. The principles of inequality in individual-social acquired rights, compliance with the requirements of time in receiving tariffs, equal access to public services, non-privatization of property and public interests, benefit of all in public affairs, lack of immunity of rulers and officials from justice are largely consistent. Or you can use the method of transfer of development right in order to achieve the intended goals of that principle. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - On the use of Intelligent Information Retrieval in Patent Prior-Art Search
Habibollah Asghari Azadeh Shakery

Patents play an important role in Intellectual Property protection. So, in recent years a considerable attention has been paid to patent and prior-art search. In process of patent application filing, searching in the previous patent database is of great importance. Pat More

Patents play an important role in Intellectual Property protection. So, in recent years a considerable attention has been paid to patent and prior-art search. In process of patent application filing, searching in the previous patent database is of great importance. Patent examiners search in a huge database of patents to find if there exists any similarity between applicant’s claim and the previous registered patents. This process that called patent invalidity run, is one of the important stages of patent registration. Because of legal aspects of this process, the searcher should not leave any relevant patent document. So patent searching is essentially a recall-oriented issue in information retrieval applications. In recent years, the use of intelligent information retrieval in this search process has been investigated by many researchers. In this paper we investigate various methods of information retrieval that have been proven to be effective in retrieving relevant results. The survey also has focused on query formulation and how to transform a query patent into a search query. So we have explored different factors of a successful transformation, such as how many query words should be used, where to extract query words, how to weight them and whether to use noun-phrases instead of individual words. Furthermore, the survey covers researches that combine different features and has been proven to make a significant improvement in retrieval performance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - The place of the right to entertainment in the system of human moral rights from the point of view of Islam
seyyedabdollah Mirkhandan

With the advancement of technology and the emergence of new entertainment and the importance of entertainment in today's human lifestyle, entertainment has been proposed as a human right and not just an optional activity. Whether or not entertainment is considered a hum More

With the advancement of technology and the emergence of new entertainment and the importance of entertainment in today's human lifestyle, entertainment has been proposed as a human right and not just an optional activity. Whether or not entertainment is considered a human right from an Islamic point of view, and if this right exists, what is its position in the system of human moral rights, is of great importance. The leading research with descriptive analytical method seeks to clarify this position. In this research, we came to the conclusion that from the Islamic point of view, entertainment is considered a right in the system of human moral rights, and this right is an innate right and one of the natural rights of man. Therefore, the need for entertainment is not an illusory and induced need and it is rooted in human nature and its place is to the extent that it does not harm the basic human responsibilities, including work, social, family, political responsibilities, and above all religious responsibilities, and causes rejuvenation for be these responsibilities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Analytical Study Of The Differences Between The 1956 And 1976 Rent Laws And Their Advantages And Disadvantages
Fateme Farad_e_falsafi

10.61186/ahrar.45872.4.7.1

The right to goodwill and the right to acquire or trade are among the most important issues related to rent, which have a very important place in legal and economic issues. The change and evolution of this legal institution and the legislation in relation to them have a More

The right to goodwill and the right to acquire or trade are among the most important issues related to rent, which have a very important place in legal and economic issues. The change and evolution of this legal institution and the legislation in relation to them have always caused sensitivity and controversy. Finally, I will briefly present what we conclude in this thesis as follows: What is clear is that the majority of jurists agree on this matter that the right to acquire or trade is a financial right that is different from goodwill that is realized for the tenant of the place of business or trade and its collection by the tenant depends on the mention of it. It is not in the contract. But its realization depends on the material and immaterial elements of the merchant's or professional's capital, or in other words, one of the components of the business. This right is based on a series of material and spiritual principles and criteria that merchants or artisans use in order to meet the needs of their customers. In this research, we intend to examine the differences between the goodwill of the 1956 law and the 1976 law and its advantages and disadvantages in the form of a library. Manuscript profile

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