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Open Access Article

1 - Parametric analysis of a broadband Archimedean spiral antenna with cavity
Hamed noroozy Shahrokh jam

In this article an Archimedean spiral antenna is designed and analyzed that has good operation in broadband application. By analyzing this design, the effects that different parameters have on antenna operation will be studied and ways of optimization will be found. In More

In this article an Archimedean spiral antenna is designed and analyzed that has good operation in broadband application. By analyzing this design, the effects that different parameters have on antenna operation will be studied and ways of optimization will be found. Influences of cavity height and number of turns to obtain good matching and gain in a frequency interval of 4 to 18 GHz will be discussed. In addition, using cavity wall around the antenna, side lobes are decreased or deleted. By tapering the arms at feeding center, better matching will be attained. For making S11 bandwidth better, increasing the cavity height or reducing the number of turns can be used. Changing number of turns does not have a significant effect on the gain. To improve the antenna gain, the cavity height needs to be adjusted such that the reflected wave from cavity and radiated wave from spiral arms are constructing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Investigation of the ability for removal of methylene blue cationic dye in aqueous samples using synthetic polymers
Marzieh Hasanzadeh Fariba Ostovar

10.29252/.2.3.17

In this research, the ability for removal of methylene blue cationic dye using Electro active polymers based on polypyrrole (PPy) and poly (3-methylthiophene) (P3MTh) in a batch system were studied. Sawdust (SD) was made from wood, after patching, as a holder for coatin More

In this research, the ability for removal of methylene blue cationic dye using Electro active polymers based on polypyrrole (PPy) and poly (3-methylthiophene) (P3MTh) in a batch system were studied. Sawdust (SD) was made from wood, after patching, as a holder for coating polymers and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Anionic Surfactant (SDS) was used to modify the surface of the sawdust. The effects of some important parameters such as pH, initial concentration of dye and contact time were investigated. To evaluate the obtained data, adsorption isotherm curves (Langmuir and Freundlich) were used. The adsorption efficiency for methylene blue was maximized at alkaline pH. Adsorption capacity increased with increasing initial concentration and contact time. In all cases, the adsorption process complies with Langmuir isotherm and represents the homogeneous and single-layer process. Also, the adsorption capacity obtained in SD/PPy, SD /PPy / SDS and SD / P3MTh polymers were 59/52, 400 and 1000 mg/g, respectively. Based on the studies and the results obtained in this study, it was found that these polymer materials can effectively be used in waste dyes, such as textile industry, which they have the great environmental significance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Synoptic-statistical analysis Heavy rainfall patterns in the Karkhe basin
fardin ghadami zahra hedjazizadeh Buhlool Alijani

Rain is one of the most important environmental variables that shows a lot of time and space changes And this phenomenon is affected by high-level circulation systems. Therefore, identification of dominant atmospheric patterns in relation to heavy rainfall is necessary More

Rain is one of the most important environmental variables that shows a lot of time and space changes And this phenomenon is affected by high-level circulation systems. Therefore, identification of dominant atmospheric patterns in relation to heavy rainfall is necessary to manage and reduce the risk of flood. in this research To identify heavy rainfall patterns In the Karkheh basin During the statistical period of 45 years(1967 to 2012) By applying 95 percent percentile On daily data 33 synoptic and Rain Sensing Through the approach environmental to Circulation Number of 310 days of heavy rainfall were detected then To explain the behavior of the patterns generating these rainfall By applying principal component analysis Of type T array And through promax rotation on Geopotential elevation dataof Exchanged from the National Center for Environmental Forecasting National Center of atmosphericResearch(NCEP/NCAR) Number 4 Weather brigade is identified. The results of this study were obtained showsWhich is the most heavy rainfallof Karkheh basin Affected by Deep Trough patterns Along with cut of low On the area and also Affected by have been from blockings of type Bipolar, omega, and Rex and And the study area in the eastern part of the Troughs that Formed by these patterns, is located. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Evaluation of coastal geomorphologic change in northern coast of Persian Gulf from Kangan Port to Ziyarat Estuary using remote sensing and GIS
hossein taghavi

Coastal geomorphological changes in the short-term and long-term are observable in all coastal areas. The changes occur to reach the balance in this region. Aware of these changes is very important to geomorphologists, environmental planners to help them to solve coasta More

Coastal geomorphological changes in the short-term and long-term are observable in all coastal areas. The changes occur to reach the balance in this region. Aware of these changes is very important to geomorphologists, environmental planners to help them to solve coastal problems. The purpose of this study is to assess the geomorphologic changes occurring in the region of coastal Bushehr Port Kangan place within the Ziarat estuary. In this study multi-temporal satellite images of Landsat were selected as the data base. The principal component analysis and fuzzy logic are used for monitoring and evaluating the geomorphological changes. Results of this research show that during the 21 year research period from 1986 to 2006 most important factor changing landforms and coastline in the region are changes water level of the Persian Gulf that cause to submerged about 46 square kilometers of the region's coastal zone land. The important part of this area is containing spits and low slope and delta. The result of this research can be used for infrastructure projects, port facilities, commercial and military activities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Comparison of the MLP and RBF Neural Networks for the Determination of Confined Aquifer Parameters
Tahereh Azari Nozar Samani

In this paper, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are designed for the determination of confined aquifer parameters: transmissibility and storage coefficient. The networks are trained for the well function of c More

In this paper, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are designed for the determination of confined aquifer parameters: transmissibility and storage coefficient. The networks are trained for the well function of confined aquifers. By applying the principal component analysis (PCA) on the training data sets the topology of the MLP and RBF networks is reduced and fixed to [1×12×1] and [1×14×1], respectively regardless of number of records in the pumping test data. The networks generate the optimal match point coordinates for any individual real pumping test data set. The match point coordinates are then incorporated with Theis analytical solution (1935) and the aquifer parameter values are determined. The generalization ability and performance of the developed networks is evaluated with 100000 sets of synthetic data and their accuracy is compared with that of type curve matching technique by two sets of real pumping test data. The results showed that though both MLP and RBF networks are able to determine the confined aquifers parameters and eliminate graphical error inherent in the type curve matching technique but the MLP network is more accurate than the RBF network. Therefore, the proposed MLP network is recommended as an accurate automatic and fast procedure for the confined aquifer parameters estimation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - A Study of the Semantic Parallels of the Concept of Love throughout Persian Poetry using Qualitative Content Analysis
masoume mohammadi Asghar Daadbeh Hormoz Rahimhan

Love is one of the most prominent concepts in Persian poetry that contains broad conceptual capacities to indirectly influence the semantic structure of the constantly transformative grounds of thought and functions of poetry. This research aims to understand whether th More

Love is one of the most prominent concepts in Persian poetry that contains broad conceptual capacities to indirectly influence the semantic structure of the constantly transformative grounds of thought and functions of poetry. This research aims to understand whether through these transformations, the concept of love remains constant in the ever-changing semantic system or it undergoes dissociative fluctuations. Furthermore, this article tries to answer this question by approaching the poetry of different time-periods in their original form and focus on the interpretations that may arise from them. This matter gains further importance when we consider the decisive role that the concept of love plays in touching the reader’s emotions and its corresponding cultural influence throughout time. Hence, this research aims to arrive at the audience’s emotional involvement and the importance of cultural occasions by studying the concept of love in canonical works of poetry extending to different time-periods. Since the cultural occasions must correspond to their semantic parallels of the concept of love, we seek to extract these parallel meanings from the concealed concepts of Persian poetry. To arrive at these hidden components of poetry, this article views the Qualitative Content Analysis method in direct contact with thought centered content analysis. Therefore, two extensive stylistic schools of ancient and contemporary Persian poetry are studied to illustrate the semantic process that the concept of love undergoes and the scope contains some of the most important approaches of Qualitative Content Analysis such as: concealed and apparent meaning, semantic units, interpretive units, regional contents, theme and motif. This research concludes that through this process, the original semantic structure of this concept has been kept by remaining in close contact with its fundamental parallel meanings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Theoretical and Practical Bases of Ramazan Albouti’s Political Thought
اصغر افتخاري

If the major approaches of religion and social act are divided to two principal branches with tendencies for tradition and religion, then Ramazan Albouti can be counted as a known Sunni scholar in the realm of religion and the criticism of conventionality. The present a More

If the major approaches of religion and social act are divided to two principal branches with tendencies for tradition and religion, then Ramazan Albouti can be counted as a known Sunni scholar in the realm of religion and the criticism of conventionality. The present article discusses the basic principles of Albouti’s theoretical and pragmatic ideas by referring to his written texts and sources; which all emphasis on the spirituality and religious beliefs in man’s social life. Issues discussed and mentioned include; seeking justice, denial of secularism, new religious tendencies, and referring back to the original Islam as the theoretical principle. Also conservatism, having an attitude based on power, reformation, and pragmatism- as the basic practical principles- is the other topics discussed by Ramazan Albouti. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - New Critical Theory: Beyond Postmodernism and Pos- Critical Thinking
جهانگير معيني علمداري

In this article, first, the main characteristics of new critical theory (NCT) is described as a response to postmodernism and a return to the early Frankfurt School. NCT challenges pessimism and Skepticism of postmodernism and post - critical thinking and revives radica More

In this article, first, the main characteristics of new critical theory (NCT) is described as a response to postmodernism and a return to the early Frankfurt School. NCT challenges pessimism and Skepticism of postmodernism and post - critical thinking and revives radical tradition. of critical theory of course NCT is also concerns about recent developments and wants to accomodate it, without assimilations with it simultaneously, NCT adheres principals and take refuge in reformism. So, NCT tries to compromise continuity and discontinuity, Finally NCT seeks for a radical solution for ills of late capitalism and for this matter goes beyond Habermasian and postmodern reconstructive approach. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Factors and Obstacles Affecting the Role of Civic Institutions in the "Reform Period" in Iran: The Internal Dynamics of a Hybrid Political System
Alireza Khoshbakht Majid tavasoli Mohammadmahdi mojahedi

The purpose of this article is to discuss the political ups and downs of the “Reform era” in Iran (1997-2005). To analyze the “Islamic Republic of Iran” as a political regime and its dynamics, “Hybrid Regimes” theories have been used in current work. Such theories rejec More

The purpose of this article is to discuss the political ups and downs of the “Reform era” in Iran (1997-2005). To analyze the “Islamic Republic of Iran” as a political regime and its dynamics, “Hybrid Regimes” theories have been used in current work. Such theories reject the duality of Democracy-Authoritarianism and try to provide essential concepts for analyzing the regimes which are in the middle of the spectrum. Those regimes have unique features in comparison to Democratic or Authoritarian regimes. To analyze the Islamic Republic of Iran as a political regime and to explain the ups and downs of the “Reform era” in Iran, the studies of four researchers on “hybrid Regimes” have been used here. Some of the keynotes which have been applied to the current study to discuss the political ups and downs of that specific period are as follows: the importance of political competition, social and political backgrounds of creation of the Islamic Republic of Iran as a hybrid regime, and finally, the relation between such a regime and rentier economy in Iran. Finally, the article has concluded that the reformist’s earlier progress and their later withdraw and defeat could be considered as “inner dynamics of a hybrid regime” instead of the “the defeated transition to democracy”. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - A Jurisprudential Study of Guaranteeing Principal Capital in Commissioned Manufacture Bonds
Masoumeh Mazaheri Hamideh Goushi Dehaqi

Abstract:In Islamic Sharia law, with respect to the rule of the association of profit and loss, basically the principal capital return is not guaranteed. Therefore, gaining real profit is always associated with the possibility of loss and damage. Whereas in Islamic fina More

Abstract:In Islamic Sharia law, with respect to the rule of the association of profit and loss, basically the principal capital return is not guaranteed. Therefore, gaining real profit is always associated with the possibility of loss and damage. Whereas in Islamic financial mechanisms such as commissioned manufacture bonds, the payment of the nominal value included in the bonds is guaranteed by the publisher in due date. Therefore, the owners of the bonds who are the investors of transactions will not sustain a loss or receive a reward for the reduction or increase in the value of the project upon receiving the nominal value of the bonds (principal capital). However, an analysis of the procedure for publication of the bonds, makes it clear that in commissioned manufacture bonds based on interest, the receipt of nominal value of the bonds will be realized according to the entitlement of the owners in due date proportionate to the total value of the amount due. Also guaranteeing the principal capital by the publisher of the commissioned manufacture bonds is according to the liability of the seller to pay for the object of sale. Moreover, the owners of the bonds as the buyers only own the amount due in duty of the debtor and they shall have no right in project thus commissioned. In this sense, any increase or reduction in the value of the project will have no effect in the amount of their claim. Whereas the owners of commissioned manufacture bonds along with rent with an ownership option are the joint owners of the project, thus in case of increase in project value in connection with the nominal value of the bonds, they are entitled to claim the value added. This is because according to the rule of logics the owner of actual property deserves to take a share of the increase in value of actual property value as he is to sustain the damages incurred on the actual property. Similarly, the reduction in project value in proportion to the nominal value of the commissioned manufacture bonds along with the rent with an ownership option, must be attributable to the joint owners, i.e. investors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Genetic Modification of Human Characteristics and Capacities in View of Ethics and Jurisprudence
Akram Safiri Zahrasadat Mirhashemi

Abstract: Genetic technology and its application on man is one of the newly discovered scientific issues that helps genetic modification of human forces and capacities to change him into a super-human. Genetic modification of human capacities is creating a change, alter More

Abstract: Genetic technology and its application on man is one of the newly discovered scientific issues that helps genetic modification of human forces and capacities to change him into a super-human. Genetic modification of human capacities is creating a change, altering or genetically modifying human genes so that some organs function beyond natural limits of humans. Genetic modification does not pursue treatment of people with certain diseases; rather, it reinforces genetic characteristics of a healthy human. The general ethical codes and principles as well as the rule of wisdom that are based on the advantages and disadvantages of using this technology, serve as guidelines for us in issuing an ethical rule on reinforcing human capacities through this technology. To that end, this paper intends to have access to a crystal clear ethical rule on genetic modification based on ethics and Fiqh or Islamic jurisprudence. We will study genetic modification of human capacities by genetic selection of the embryo in comparison with genetic modification of human capacities through genetic recombinant. In the meantime, we will discuss in detail the disadvantages and damages coming from genetic modification, highlight its unethical manners and propose its prohibition by law. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Providing a model for evaluating native electronic content in Iran based on value chain
Tahereh Mirsaeedghazi masoumeh sadeghi Mandana Farzaneh Sogol Babazadeh Mahmood Kharrat nasrin dastranj homeyra moghadami behrooz eliasi

The field of electronic content is one of the most influential pillars of digital transformation. For proper planning to develop or modify the process of social, economic and cultural influences in the digital transformation trend, it is necessary to provide a proper as More

The field of electronic content is one of the most influential pillars of digital transformation. For proper planning to develop or modify the process of social, economic and cultural influences in the digital transformation trend, it is necessary to provide a proper assessment of the position of electronic content and its status. Considering the various components of electronic content and also the areas affected by it, determining the status of native electronic content in the country requires having a suitable model to cover all dimensions and thus its evaluation. The purpose of this paper is to present an appropriate and local model to assess the electronic content in the country in terms of setting up programs and policies in this area, the effectiveness of the indices offered in the proposed model for different actors and stakeholders could be traceable based on the value chain. In this paper, with regard to the importance of explaining the basic concepts of electronic content, as well as review of upstream documents and existing policies, the focus group research method has been used to determine the model elements and indices of different parts of value chain. To evaluate the proposed model, we use field analytical methods and questionnaire patterns. The proposed model and its implementation procedure allow legislators and policy makers in the field of native electronic content to assess the status of electronic content in the country and improve it based on the different roles of actors and each of .the content areas Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Fundamentals of “Principle of Unconditionality of Commercial Paper Obligations” in Iran’s Jurisprudence and Law
Akram Safiri Farzaneh Karimi

The role commercial papers play in transactions and economic relations is this that they are appropriate substitutes for cash in payments. Along with easy, fast and safe transfer and turn-over, they guarantee the rights of the owner as well. Realization of this will be More

The role commercial papers play in transactions and economic relations is this that they are appropriate substitutes for cash in payments. Along with easy, fast and safe transfer and turn-over, they guarantee the rights of the owner as well. Realization of this will be possible when obligations of the signatories of the papers are expressed absolutely and clearly, not conditioned to anything else. The prerequisites calling for unconditionality of commercial papers are considered among the fundamentals of this principle, which we have studied in this paper in two sections of “legal requirements” (the need for using commercial papers instead of cash, the need for meeting speed, ease and security in carrying and transfer of commercial papers and the need for protecting the rights of the commercial paper owners) and “jurisprudential requirements” (exigency of protecting property and preventing disruption in economic system). Manuscript profile

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14 - Morality and fair procedure in the light of predictability principle of procedure rules
jalil ghanavati Eslam Mondani

The relationship between morality and law is a definite affirmation and endorsement of philosophers, ethical thinkers and lawyers. Ethics in the process of procedure are one of the issues that can be specifically addressed in relation to these two issues. Predictability More

The relationship between morality and law is a definite affirmation and endorsement of philosophers, ethical thinkers and lawyers. Ethics in the process of procedure are one of the issues that can be specifically addressed in relation to these two issues. Predictability principle in civil procedure is considered as one of civil fair procedure principles, looking carefully at provisions of the civil procedure code of Iran and other regulations and Shiite jurisprudence judicial discussions related to the role of judge and the evidences, predictability principle can be recognized in Iran civil procedure code as civil fair procedure principle. Documents of matching transnational procedure and documents and rules of arbitration sample significantly support predictability principle in civil procedure in judge’s performance and litigants of private disputes in relation to evidence. The relationship of other procedure principles is sometimes coordinated with predictability principle such as contradiction principle, parties’ despotic domination principle on civil claim, and the principle of judge neutrality and sometimes is conflicting with other principles of civil procedure such as prohibition of unduly prolonging civil procedure principle, the principle of civil party’s hearing right. In this field, the exact scope and the quality of implementing this principle should be carefully investigated in the light of other civil fair procedure. The sanction of violating implementation of the predictability principle in the civil procedure is invalidity of judicial decisions and possibility of research or appeal violation in this principle of civil fair procedure. The research method is descriptive and analytical. Manuscript profile

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15 - The results and influences of the principle of civil verdicts practice stoppage prevention

Verdict practice is the continuation of the trial process; therefore its unnecessary stoppage is both does not make sense and against the policy-maker will, and leads to nothing but indiscipline and chaos in the society. In this end, non-stoppage of verdict practice in More

Verdict practice is the continuation of the trial process; therefore its unnecessary stoppage is both does not make sense and against the policy-maker will, and leads to nothing but indiscipline and chaos in the society. In this end, non-stoppage of verdict practice in Iran with some specific legal cases has been accepted as a principle. The domain of this principle, in terms of time span, is after the certainty of verdict and the announcement of the verdict until its full practice and the end of the practice process, and in terms of objective, includes the issued judicial verdicts by the judicial courts or any other resources with civic features.The agreements are not included in this domain except indispensable agreements such as demand supply and preliminary order. The effects can be seen on practicing parties, third parties, officials, agents and judges of verdict practice, which has been mentioned in various laws with penal practice guarantee and civic responsibility. High speed and effectiveness of verdict practice, respect to the rights of both parties, observing the view of the wining party, observing the interests and the rights of the losing party are among the advantages of this principle Manuscript profile

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16 - Islamic Economics (Indicators of Economic Morality based on Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah)
Hamed Fath'aliani seyed hamid hoseini

No economic movement and especially jihadist ethics in the religious epistemic system can not be successful unless it is the path, path, and destination of the divine, and based on morality. By looking at the Holy Qur'an, we see the importance of the discussions of econ More

No economic movement and especially jihadist ethics in the religious epistemic system can not be successful unless it is the path, path, and destination of the divine, and based on morality. By looking at the Holy Qur'an, we see the importance of the discussions of economic ethics in the religion of Islam in such a way that the Almighty God made a significant portion of this great and humane book to various macro and sometimes microeconomic debates such as Halal, Haram, Makruh , Mustahab, divestiture, divine test through the world, khums, zakat, buying, selling, renting and even economic operations such as hunting, fishing, places of honor, fishing harbors, farming, diving, shipping, livestock and ... dedicated. In this regard, we first briefly describe the jihad and the economy, then consider the Indicators of the Holy Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah for the realization of Islamic economics in a society, and then some of the strategies of economic ethics contained in the Holy Qur'an and Nahj al-Balaghah And also the results and the effects of Islamic economics in this article, although we look at our low income Manuscript profile

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17 - Feasibility of apostate punishment in Iranian criminal law With an emphasis on narrative and doctrinal teachings
ahmad ramezani

By approving Article 220 of the Islamic Penal Code, the legislator explicitly stated that in his view, there are other hududs than the hududs mentioned in the law, which must be referred to Article 167 of the Constitution in order to determine their punishment, and trie More

By approving Article 220 of the Islamic Penal Code, the legislator explicitly stated that in his view, there are other hududs than the hududs mentioned in the law, which must be referred to Article 167 of the Constitution in order to determine their punishment, and tried to convert the principle of the legality of crimes and punishments into the religious principle of crimes and punishments. According to Article 225 of the proposed bill, it can be understood that the purpose of the hududs not mentioned in the law is apostasy. There is some disagreement in hudud or discretionary punishment, and there is evidence on its discretionary punishment that, by reinforcing discretionary punishment theory of apostasy, it cannot be resorted to Article 220 of the Islamic Penal Code upon to punish it. according to Article 18 of the Islamic Penal Code and the three-fold emphasis on the word law in this article, it should be said that in discretionary punishment, the principle is on the legality of offenses and punishments, since apostasy has not been criminalized in Iranian criminal law, there is a serious problem with the possibility of punishing the apostate according to the strengthening of the discretionary punishment theory Manuscript profile

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18 - An Analytical Study on Alternative Punishment for Juvenile Delinquency
Mehrnoosh Abouzari

Juvenile delinquency is a form of declaration of incompatibility with the community and a sign of danger in the possibility of their survival in a criminal abduction. The main purpose of applying the guarantees of execution and punishment in dealing with juvenile delinq More

Juvenile delinquency is a form of declaration of incompatibility with the community and a sign of danger in the possibility of their survival in a criminal abduction. The main purpose of applying the guarantees of execution and punishment in dealing with juvenile delinquency is to reform, educate and reconcile them and, above all, seek criminal justice measures to rehabilitate and prepare the person for returning to society. Therefore, it seems that the imprisonment and punishment of liberation cannot be effective in achieving these goals and that violent and violent attacks can lead to a proper and incorrect bias in their behavioral system. As a result, alternative prison sentences for juvenile offenses, influenced by the teachings of restorative justice, will be more than anything else. Penalties that are imposed by the court, with the participation of the public and civil society in the community, with regard to the offense of commission, the personality and criminal record of the offender, the frequency of committing the crime, the situation of the victim and the effects of the commission of the crime. Measures such as periods of care, residence, maintenance at the end of the week, electronic surveillance, free public services and advocacy institutions such as postponement of the sentence, quash, suspension of prosecution, file archiving, exemption from punishment, criminal mediation, suspension Penalties, the semi-liberation system and probation freedoms allow the offender to compensate for the mistake of committing and harming the community and feeling responsible and efficient in society. Although it should be noted that excessive punishment for substitute imprisonment, regardless of the family context, environment of the life and economic conditions of an adolescent, is a kind of abandonment of his insecure circumstances in his life that led him to delinquency and now again It is in this environment that may result in serious and persistent criminal offenses; in such cases, the calm and discipline of keeping in the center of reform and education and training institutions are preferable to such actions. This paper examines the bases and types of alternatives to juvenile delinquency penalties and then explains the critical attitude of some enforcement instances and possible objections to the imposition of alternative prison sentences. Manuscript profile

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19 - Educating Children & Juveniles Deprived of Their Liberty & the Challenges They Face in Iran Law
Jamal Beigi Mehrdad Teymoori

Background and aim: Every child & juvenile, in every place & time, is equally entitled to the enjoyment of his or her human rights as an inherent & inalienable right. Whether that child & juvenile is a criminal or a non-criminal, children & juveniles deprived of their l More

Background and aim: Every child & juvenile, in every place & time, is equally entitled to the enjoyment of his or her human rights as an inherent & inalienable right. Whether that child & juvenile is a criminal or a non-criminal, children & juveniles deprived of their liberty are among the most vulnerable groups in society whose rights cannot be ignored. Today education is considered an essential element of the progress & development of human societies & the right to education of children & juveniles deprived of their liberty is also considered as one of their human rights & citizenship. Although, having the right to education of children & juveniles deprived of their liberty can play an essential role in re-socializing & reforming them. However, the implementation of this right in Iran has several challenges. Methods: The present paper, which is written using library documents & resources in a descriptive & analytical manner, examines the challenges facing the right to education of children & juveniles deprived of their liberty in Iran & offers solutions. Results: Findings & results of the study indicate that the implementation of the right to education of children & juveniles deprived of liberty in Iran faces numerous cultural, financial, judicial, legal, administrative & security challenges that must be addressed in order to address the existing challenges using the solutions provided for each What better way to take action than to enforce this right. Conclusion: The facts show the need for societies to have places that can keep inconsistent & abnormal people out of society for a while & to make arrangements so that they can reform & return to society for social welfare. The right to education of children & juveniles deprived of their liberty is one of their fundamental rights & it is the responsibility of governments to take measures in this regard to take. So that they, like other members of society, can achieve the right to education as their human right. Manuscript profile

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20 - Review of some Reverend Narratives of Attar for Teens
sajad najafi behzadi masoomeh mehri ziba alikhani

Mystical texts contain valuable concepts and messages for children and adolescents. Creative rewriting of these texts can familiarize children and adolescents with important mystical material. The purpose of this research is to compare the some of the narrative of Attar More

Mystical texts contain valuable concepts and messages for children and adolescents. Creative rewriting of these texts can familiarize children and adolescents with important mystical material. The purpose of this research is to compare the some of the narrative of Attar Neishabouri with its rewritten text from the collection of Mahdi Azar yazdi’s rewritings to understand the important principles of a creative rewriting. The research method is content and document analysis. By studying the stories from the original text and adapting them to the rewritten text, they are examined from the perspective of the elements of the story and the appropriate rewriting methods. The results showed that Azar yazdi was seeking to acquaint children with mystical texts by changing the mystical theme and turning it into an ethical theme. An increase in the number of characters, an increase in the element of conflict and dialogue, the expansion of spaces and incidents, and the change in the title of stories are one of the most important techniques that Azar yazdi has intended for rewriting. Presenting the story directly and not paying attention to the element of suspense is one of the weak points of the dramatic rewriting. Manuscript profile

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21 - PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF IRANIAN INDUSTRIAL SECTORS BASED ON PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS
علی محمدی مهسا هوشنگی

The purpose of this study is to present an integrated framework for assessment and ranking of 23 Iranian industrial sectors, based on several productivity indicators during the years 80 to 85. The integrated approach of this study is based on "principal component analys More

The purpose of this study is to present an integrated framework for assessment and ranking of 23 Iranian industrial sectors, based on several productivity indicators during the years 80 to 85. The integrated approach of this study is based on "principal component analysis" (PCA).The validity of the model is verified and validated by numerical "taxonomy". Furthermore, the non- parametric correlation methods, namely, Kendall-Tau correlation experiments shows high level of correlation between the findings of PCA and “taxonomy” and the approach of this study may be used to assess the importance of each of the selected indicators for industrial units of interest. It is observed that the sectors: "Coke, refined petroleum products" (code 23), " Chemicals and chemical products"(code 24), and " Basic metals" (code 27), have the three top grades in the ranking while the sectors:" Wearing apparel, fur" (code 18), "Textiles" (code 17) and "Furniture, manufacturing" (code 36) have the weakest grades in the ranking. Furthermore, the most important productivity indicators are: Value added to salaries and wages- value added per employee-value added to energy cost- production value per employee-production value to salaries and wages and value added to total input. Manuscript profile

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22 - کاربرد تئوری محدودیت ها در شناسایی و رفع مشکلات ریشه ای سازمانی (يک مطالعه موردي)
mehdi ghazanfari حسين محمدي Kamran shahanaghi

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23 - Identification and Classification of Action Plans Influencing Sustainable Production, using Repertory Grid and Principal Component Analysis Case Study: Industrial Production Companies in Semnan Province
Mohammad ali Shariat Soleyman Iranzadeh Alireza Bafandeh Zendeh

The production sector has come under severe pressure to both cope with its problems and maintain competitiveness, by such factors as diminishing natural resources, climate change, worsening environmental pollution, ecological incompatibility of the industrial age activi More

The production sector has come under severe pressure to both cope with its problems and maintain competitiveness, by such factors as diminishing natural resources, climate change, worsening environmental pollution, ecological incompatibility of the industrial age activities with the environment, and the decline in quality of human life due to the increasing global industrialization. Meanwhile, sustainability, especially in production, and progress towards sustainable production have grown in importance for developed countries aiming to overcome their challenges for a sustainable development. Sustainability is an increasingly significant need for human activities, and achieving a sustainable development has turned into a major priority for human development. Sustainable development is a landscape that simultaneously targets social, economic, and environmental issues in general within the process of development. Meanwhile, the concept of sustainable production, which is intertwined with the concept of sustainable development, targets manufacturing companies and service providers. This study is focused on sustainability of manufacturing businesses, aiming to both identify sustainable production constructs, and evaluate and classify programs that can play a more effective role in this regard. First, dimensions and constructs of sustainable production were identified through interviews and relying on repertory grid technique, from the viewpoint of 33 managers in successful industrial production companies with at least five consecutive and sustainable years of activity across Semnan Province in Iran. Then 33 personal repertory grids and a total of 175 primary personal constructs were elicited for sustainable production. These constructs were explored and analyzed, and an aggregated grid consisting of 87 secondary constructs was drawn. Next, using principal component analysis (PCA), the principal constructs contributing to sustainable production were categorized into two major concepts and their components were determined Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Developing a Performance Assessment Model for Industrial Organizations Based on Resilient Economics Policies and Sustainable Planning Based on Balanced Scorecard
hamidreza Masoudi Meysam Jafari Eskandari Alireza Aliahmadi

Each organization and in general each state, regardless of its activity, size and structure, is trying to improve its performance to the best of its ability to maintain its existence. Many of the criticisms of traditional performance evaluation systems are due to their More

Each organization and in general each state, regardless of its activity, size and structure, is trying to improve its performance to the best of its ability to maintain its existence. Many of the criticisms of traditional performance evaluation systems are due to their failure to measure and monitor multiple performance dimensions due to the over-concentration of indices that are lacking in efficiency. In this paper, attention has been paid to the effective components in mapping out the road for improving organizational performance with a special look at the balanced scorecard approach based on resistance policies. Accordingly, a study was conducted to identify the indicators that affect the performance of organizations, and one hundred and fifty identifiers were identified and in the structure of the balanced scorecard developed in the dimensions: 1- Customerism and customer needs 2. Financial empowerment and business Income 3. Main Processes and Support 4. Growth and Learning 5. Effectiveness and Impact on Society 6. Leadership and engagement with business. Then, using the factor analysis method, we reduced the indexes, which resulted in the index output dropping by 91% to 43 indexes. In the next step, after identifying the strategic factors affecting the future conditions of the industrial organizations, we developed the scenarios using the Wizard scenario software. In the final step, using the decision methods, we will examine the impact of indicators in different scenarios. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - The effect of services provided by employees on customers' behavioral goals with the mediating role of their satisfaction (Case study: Razi Insurance customers)
hamid reza masoudi

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of services provided by employees on customers' behavioral goals with the mediating role of their satisfaction among Razi Insurance customers in Qazvin. A questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale was used to col More

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of services provided by employees on customers' behavioral goals with the mediating role of their satisfaction among Razi Insurance customers in Qazvin. A questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale was used to collect data, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability were used to measure its reliability, and the extracted mean variance (AVE) was used to measure its validity. The statistical population of the study is Razi Insurance customers in Qazvin. The available sampling method and statistical sample size using Cochran's formula is 384 people. In order to describe the findings, the frequency distribution table as well as bar graphs and central indicators such as mean as well as dispersion indices such as standard deviation and variance have been used. To answer the research questions and conclude from statistical methods and different tests using SPSS22 and LISREL8.54 software, to check the normality of the data from Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, confirmatory factor analysis test to confirm Validity of the questions and structural equation modeling technique were used to evaluate the fit of the research model with the collected data. The results showed that the main services provided by employees at a rate of 0.23 on customer satisfaction, communication services provided by employees at a rate of 0.42 on customer satisfaction and also 0.36 customer on the behavioral intention of customers (behavioral intentions). . Also, 14.5% of the total effect of the main services provided by employees on customer behavioral goals and 28.5% of the total effect of communication services provided by employees on customer behavioral goals are indirectly explained by the mediating variable of customer satisfaction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - -
mohammad reza kalaei

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Open Access Article

27 - Automatic Image Annotation by Block Principal Pivoting
H. Rikabi N. Soufi H. Sadoghi Yazdi A. H. Taherinia

Image annotation systems are responsible for describing the content of the images by assigning tags to them. The purpose of this research is to improve the accuracy and speed of image annotation system. Recently, with the growing of images, the image annotation process More

Image annotation systems are responsible for describing the content of the images by assigning tags to them. The purpose of this research is to improve the accuracy and speed of image annotation system. Recently, with the growing of images, the image annotation process is based on the basics of images instead of themselves. One of these new methods is the implementation of the non-negative matrix algorithm (NMF) on the features of the images. In the proposed method, for the first time, in order to increase the speed and efficiency of the7 system, we use a method that called the block principal pivoting for the NMF solution. This method has ability to add online new class of data to its knowledge and knowledge learning in a compact form. Moreover, the ability to train based on received data without having to be re-processed. In the training phase, the matrix of the coefficients and the base of the input images are obtained using the Block Principal Pivoting method. Then, at the test phase for the input image, by extracted features of the image and the coefficients obtained from the training phase, the coefficient of belonging to the test image is calculated to each of the classes of training images. Then, this coefficient while searching among the teaching images for assigning the label to test image increases the accuracy of the algorithm. This search is done by the KNN method on the base of the images. To test the proposed method, we used two databases Corel5K and real animal data (derived from 500px) and, finally, compared with existing methods, which we found in the Corel5K database at a precision of 50.20 and real data was 62.89. Precision have been increased considerably. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - A New High Speed Easily Expandable Digital Multiplication Algorithm without Pipeline
ebrahim hosseini Morteza Mousazadeh

This paper proposes a new high speed low power algorithm for unsigned digital multiplier without pipeline which could be easily expanded to a wider number of bits. The blocks of multiplier works in parallel which significantly increase the speed of multiplier. In propos More

This paper proposes a new high speed low power algorithm for unsigned digital multiplier without pipeline which could be easily expanded to a wider number of bits. The blocks of multiplier works in parallel which significantly increase the speed of multiplier. In proposed algorithm, the input bits of multiplier, are divided into smaller groups of bits which multiplication of these groups are in parallel and simultaneously. This division continues until the minimum number of input bits which is 2×2. In calculating the product of each category, the proposed algorithm is used, which leads to acceleration of the product of each category.The final result will be obtained from the sum of these smaller categories.Modified tree adder have been used to add smaller groups, which can increase the multiplication speed. Multipliers with input bit lengths of 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, and 2 have been implemented using the proposed algorithm in 180 nm and 90 nm technology, which its delay and power consumption with bit length of 32 in 180 nm are 3.05 ns and 40 mW respectively. In 90 nm technology and with the 32 bit length the delay is 1.53 nm and power consumption is 9.7 mW. Also, using the proposed method, it is estimated that the delay of 128×128 bits multiplier in the 180 nm and 90 nm technology are equal to 5.4ns and 2.5ns, respectively. According to the results and in comparison with other works reported in the articles and in the same process, without increasing the power consumption and with a silicon area of 1.5 times, the proposed multiplication speed has increased more than 2 times. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - -
امیر کرمی

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- Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - A Study of the Principles of the Impossibility of Developing a Preference and Preponderance Without a Preponderant in Epicurean and Stoic Philosophers
Samane Qanbari Varnusfaderani Hassan Fathi Majid Sadremajles Morteza Shajari

The principles of the impossibility of preponderance without a preponderant and the impossibility of developing a preference are among the most important principles of Islamic philosophy that have been widely discussed. Since the related debates have provoked several co More

The principles of the impossibility of preponderance without a preponderant and the impossibility of developing a preference are among the most important principles of Islamic philosophy that have been widely discussed. Since the related debates have provoked several contradictory ideas, their study aims to clarify many of the problems in Islamic philosophy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the principles of the impossibility of preponderance without a preponderant and developing a preference in Epicurean and Stoic philosophies. These two principles play extremely diverse functions in these two schools of philosophy and are utilized in ethical, epistemological, and physical discussions. Stoics have completely accepted the principle of the impossibility of developing a preference. They also agree with the principle of the impossibility of preponderance without a preponderant but believe that it is based on the principle of the impossibility of making a preference. Stoics maintain that preponderance without a preponderant leads to motion without a cause. Epicureans agree with the principle of the impossibility of developing a preference at a macroscopic scale or in the realm of bodies and events. However, they reject it in the microscopic realm of atoms at least in the case of their diversion. Epicureans accept the principle of the impossibility of preponderance without a preponderant and believe that it is generally possible. However, they acknowledge that it is discreditable in some cases and allowed in some others. They hold that preponderance without a preponderant is a supreme example of Man’s free will. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Revisiting the Role of Children’s Voice in the Reformation and Improvement of Educational Programs and Policies
amin izadpanah

This article aims to study the role and value of children’s voices in the reformation of educational programs. This study is conducted through a critical philosophical inquiry method. The ultimate purpose of this method is the improvement of educational practice. Three More

This article aims to study the role and value of children’s voices in the reformation of educational programs. This study is conducted through a critical philosophical inquiry method. The ultimate purpose of this method is the improvement of educational practice. Three questions are raised in this paper: 1.Why children’s voices have historically often been neglected in relation to their life matters? 2. Why children’s voices must be heard and been considered as criteria in their life matters? 3. How can children’s voices be demarginalized and exercised in children’s educational matters for the betterment educational programs? The findings show that the total rejection of childhood and its values, a deficit conception of childhood, and inadequacy and deficiency of adults’ conception of childhood are among the most significant reasons of historical ignorance of children’s voices. Prerequisites of appealing to children’s voices include: A critical theoretical revision of adult-centered approaches of childhood, rejection of the universal notion of childhood, adopting the plurality and difference of childhood and children’s voices around the world based on various cultural climates and contexts, and adhering to the equality of children’s rights and adults. Dialogue and inquiry with children are suggested as two strategies for listening to and representing children’s voices in the reformation and improvement of educational programs and procedures. These two strategies can provide us with an access to fresh and firsthand knowledge about children and issues related to their lives. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Social Impact Assessment (SIA): A Review of SIA Procedure in Malaysia The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 5(4), 4550-4557, 2018
Mohammad Mujaheed Hassan Ali Hatami (Persian translation)

Social Impact Assessment (SIA) essentially is an individual report or a subfield of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). It is demarcated as the social sciences required in developing a knowledge base to provide a systematic assessment, in advance of the impacts, More

Social Impact Assessment (SIA) essentially is an individual report or a subfield of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). It is demarcated as the social sciences required in developing a knowledge base to provide a systematic assessment, in advance of the impacts, on the day-to-day quality of life of persons and communities whose environment is affected by a proposed project, plan or policy change. SIA is a platform for diverse groups and people in a community to voices out their need and concern. SIA are the ‘people impacts’ of development actions. Social impact assessments focus on the human dimension of environments, and seek to identify the impacts on people who benefits and who loses. New provision has been enforced in January 2017 to the Malaysia SIA procedure. Therefore the objective of this paper is to review the new provision and procedure of SIA enforcement in Malaysia. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Comparative Study of UNSC’s Performance vis-à-vis Developments in Libya, Yemen and Bahrain (2011-12) from Viewpoint of International Law
رضا موسی‌زاده رضا رنجبر

M.A in Diplomacy and International Organizations, Majoring in International Law, Faculty of International Relations; Ministry of Foreign Affairs Recent developments in Arab countries started in December 2010 with popular protests by Tunisian people against the country’ More

M.A in Diplomacy and International Organizations, Majoring in International Law, Faculty of International Relations; Ministry of Foreign Affairs Recent developments in Arab countries started in December 2010 with popular protests by Tunisian people against the country’s dictatorship and soon spread to other countries like Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain, Syria, Jordan, Morocco, and Saudi Arabia. In Egypt, Libya and Yemen, they overthrew dictators in those countries. In other countries like Bahrain and Syria, the conflicts are still going on. This phenomenon can be viewed from various political, social and legal aspects. The present research aims to study measures taken by the United Nations Security Council vis-à-vis developments in Libya, Yemen and Bahrain from a legal standpoint. The researchers believe that the Security Council has adopted double standards in its treatment of those countries in line with the interests of big powers. This issue will become clearer through comparative study of the world body’s performance with regard to developments in those countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - US Congress and UN Reforms
سیدعلی طباطبایی ناهید فراهانی

The US Congress is the most influential institution regulating the American leaders’ approach to the UN and plays an important role in shaping the country’s policies toward the UN. Some congress members believe that due to unique position of the US at global level and i More

The US Congress is the most influential institution regulating the American leaders’ approach to the UN and plays an important role in shaping the country’s policies toward the UN. Some congress members believe that due to unique position of the US at global level and in the UN, it should play a determining part in the UN decision-making process. Since the increasing membership dues (assessed contribution to UN) of the US is approved by the Congress, it is clear why administrative and budgetary reforms in the UN are a priority for the US government and Congress. So far, many laws have been approved on the UN reforms. Some Congress members believe that these laws have helped the US to achieve its goals in the UN Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - A New Structure for UN Security Council; The Need of Hegemony of Power
Siamak Soltani Saleh Rezaie Pishrobat

Wisdom of League of Nations has failed because of inability to set a leadership for world order and award appropriate monetary to that day’s powers and bring again the disaster of war. These shortcomings with wisdom resolved with implementation of Veto in the UN system, More

Wisdom of League of Nations has failed because of inability to set a leadership for world order and award appropriate monetary to that day’s powers and bring again the disaster of war. These shortcomings with wisdom resolved with implementation of Veto in the UN system, and the World found a new approach. But over time, the emergence of new powers followed by weakness of old ones and reaching most countries to the maturity of the collective life, resolves the global need for a leadership and the international community which still retains its old structure, dropped in another type of silliness which necessarily do not resolved by discussion. It is necessary to avoid another disastrous war, contribute all the international powers to the bureau of the international community in the Security Council and gave all of them clear shared responsibility to run the game of the world. (Such shared responsibilities may be Spiritual indices come every state and over the number of votes and the votes of every state in the decision making processes). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Challenges of the International Criminal Court to End Impunity; The Case of Daesh
Sadegh Salimi Ebrahim Molaei Jam

Following the centuries-old efforts of the international community, strongly influenced by the events of the twentieth century in violation of fundamental human rights, in 1998, during a meeting in Rome to punish violators of international criminal law principle of non- More

Following the centuries-old efforts of the international community, strongly influenced by the events of the twentieth century in violation of fundamental human rights, in 1998, during a meeting in Rome to punish violators of international criminal law principle of non-impunity International Criminal Court was formed. The failure of the International Criminal Court for crimes of Daesh, despite the international community's principle and the goal of a peaceful coexistence, has been seriously challenged. Experts have raised that barriers to prosecute and punish perpetrators of international crimes, in accordance with the Statute of the International Criminal Court, are often classified in two groups of theoretical obstacles and obstacles caused by defects in the Articles of Association. But the international community in the twentieth century, century of international organizations, faced with significant improvements in the formulation of social relations through the adoption of numerous conventions in order to achieve criminal justice. The Convention against Corruption (Merida 2003) is in this category. But after developing the system of social relations guarantor of international institutions is still in the development stages. The results showed that another obstacle is eradicating impunity as special is political corruption in terms of deviant behavior by officials and their official duties. However, immunity from prosecution and punishment of leaders and members of Daesh, is attributed to the structural weakness of International Criminal Court. The fragility of the restoration of the structure before finally getting it to the League of Nations appears necessary. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - The Status of OIC Member States in the Main Organs of the United Nations
ستار عزیزی

The study of the status of OIC member states in the main organs of the United Nations and their contribution in the budget of the UN is the main subject addressed by this article. The member states of OIC make up more than a quarter of UN members and they could potentia More

The study of the status of OIC member states in the main organs of the United Nations and their contribution in the budget of the UN is the main subject addressed by this article. The member states of OIC make up more than a quarter of UN members and they could potentially have an appropriate role and influence in this organization. The evaluation of the presence of Islamic countries during more than 70 years of United Nations activities show that their presence and role in some main organs such as the International Court of Justice, the UN Secretary General and the Security Council are not commensurate with the population and the size of these countries. On the other hand, however, 57 Islamic countries totally account for only about 6 percent of the budget of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation Organization 173 United Nations member states in 2016 provided 15 percent of the budget of this organization, this percentage is significant. The major weakness of Islamic countries is that they do not participate as a single whole in competition for positions or in other activities of the organization but they pursue their own particular interests within the OIC individual or group outside of the OIC to follow. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - An Analysis of WTO Reform Process
Mahmoodreza Jalili Mehdi Fakheri

World Trade Organization reform has been discussed since its establishment. Issues such as the reform of special and differential treatment and also the reform of the consensus decision-making system have been among the most important cases of attention. The constant co More

World Trade Organization reform has been discussed since its establishment. Issues such as the reform of special and differential treatment and also the reform of the consensus decision-making system have been among the most important cases of attention. The constant conflict between developed and developing countries, which led to the collapse of the Doha Round negotiations and the failure of the reforms debate in WTO, can be attributed to the different perspectives of these two country groups on the main purpose of WTO. Developed countries believe that the final aim of WTO is to facilitate free trade between countries, they also demand that WTO should expand free trade to e-commerce and intellectual property. On the other hand, developing countries believe the final goal of the WTO is to accelerate the development of all countries. They also expect WTO to announce the approval of an overall result of the Doha Development Round negotiations as a precondition for new negotiations of WTO reform. In addition, after the U.S crisis in WTO Dispute Settlement Body (DSB), the reform of DSB has become one of the most challenging pillars of the WTO reform process. Making consensus in the decisions has faced a deadlock in the decision-making mechanism of WTO. For instance, some of the recent issues in international trade, such as e-commerce have created different conditions in WTO in comparison to time WTO was established. Furthermore, in recent years some events like the Coronavirus pandemic and changing of the president of the United States, have made WTO reform inevitable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Human Security and Human Rights; Distinctions and Overlapping Areas
Naser khorshidi sarem shiravand

The purpose of this article is to study of distinctions and overlapping areas between "Human Security" and "Human Rights". Both concepts put the preserving and promoting "Human Dignity" on the agenda, And for this reason, they cover many of each other's shortcomings. On More

The purpose of this article is to study of distinctions and overlapping areas between "Human Security" and "Human Rights". Both concepts put the preserving and promoting "Human Dignity" on the agenda, And for this reason, they cover many of each other's shortcomings. On the other hand, there are differences areas between "Human Security" and "Human Rights", especially in the level of analysis, operational aspects, and scope of inclusion. In this regard, the question arises: "How can human rights and human security, despite some differences and distinctions, be able to complement and reinforce each other?"Human rights and human security have the ability to overlap and reinforce each other, because they focus on a single issue, namely "human dignity" and the development of various aspects of human life, including individual, social and international. In order to realizing the Human security strategies (protection and empowerment), Human rights provide the necessary legal framework to support the two principles of "Protection" and "Empowerment". And conversely, human security, with its emphasis on the operational aspects of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in particular economic, social and cultural rights, as well as the Securitization of some common human rights concerns, can provide the necessary political support for achieving human rights goals. Findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between human rights and human security. The research method is descriptive-analytical and in some cases a comparative method has been used to prove the hypothesis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Polyoxymetal / polymer composites An overview of synthesis methods and their properties
Marziyeh Kavian Milad Ghani Jahan Bakhsh Raoof

This article gives an overview of the manufacturing method and properties of composites containing polyoxymetals / polymers. Polyoxometals (POMs) are discrete, molecular, metal oxide clusters of various sizes ranging from one to several nanometers that exhibit different More

This article gives an overview of the manufacturing method and properties of composites containing polyoxymetals / polymers. Polyoxometals (POMs) are discrete, molecular, metal oxide clusters of various sizes ranging from one to several nanometers that exhibit different topologies and diverse chemical and electronic properties. POMs show very strong acidity, which makes them effective acid catalysts for specific reactions such as esterification, hydrolysis, Friedel-Craft alkylation, and tetrahydrofuran ring-opening polymerization. The integration of mineral components with polymer matrices will combine the properties of the mineral phase with polymers and create new functions. Mineral micrometer building blocks have been used to enhance mechanical strength, improve thermal and chemical stability, and improve the performance of polymeric materials. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, polymers can also be used as a substrate for the stabilization of nanostructures, which will eventually have the properties of nanostructures and polymer substrates at the same time. Methods such as physical composition, electrostatic adsorption, covalent bonding, and supermolecular modification are the main methods for combining POM in organic or inorganic polymer matrices (eg silica). Polyoxymetal / polymer composites have various properties such as unique optical, electrical or catalytic properties of polyoxymetals and the optimal processing and stability of polymer matrices. POM/ polymer composites may have many applications in optics, electronics, biology, medicine and catalysis Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Integration of Geological, Geochemical, Alteration and Remote Sensing Data to Introduce the Mineralization Potentials in the Sarbisheh area, South Khorasan
S. Modabberi M. Azarifar S. Shamsoddin Ahmadi D. Raeisi

Sarbisheh area is located in the west of Sarbisheh and southeast of Birjand, South Khorasan province. This area is located in the Birjand ophiolite melange zone and is a part of the northern part of the Iranshahr-Birjand metallogenic belt. The lithological units in this More

Sarbisheh area is located in the west of Sarbisheh and southeast of Birjand, South Khorasan province. This area is located in the Birjand ophiolite melange zone and is a part of the northern part of the Iranshahr-Birjand metallogenic belt. The lithological units in this area include ophiolite melange, flysch facies sediments, pyroclastic rocks and Quaternary sediments. Geochemical studies of stream sediments and identification of geochemical indicators of mineral resources in the region were performed using the results of geochemical analysis and principal component analysis. Remote sensing studies were performed on the ASTER and Landsat satellite images using color composite, selective principal component analysis (crusta) on the Landsat 8 satellite imagery to identify the alteration zones. The lineaments of the region were drawn using the high-pass filter method of the ASTER satellite image and the Google image. Finally, by creating layers of geological units, geochemical data, alteration and lineament and integrating them with fuzzy method, areas with potential mineralization of nickel, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, zinc and magnesite were identified. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - Investigation of petrographical and geochemical characteristics of carbonate deposits of the Jamal Formation in the Chah-Riseh section, northeast of Isfahan
Behrad Zebhi Kamand محمد علی صالحی Ezat Heydari Ali Bahrami

10.52547/ispg.39691.11.21.54

The Middle Permian Jamal Formation have been investigated for sedimentological and geochemical aspects in the Chah-Riseh section, northeast Isfahan. According to the field studies the Jamal Formation with 251 m thickness divided into eight lithostratigraphic unit. Lower More

The Middle Permian Jamal Formation have been investigated for sedimentological and geochemical aspects in the Chah-Riseh section, northeast Isfahan. According to the field studies the Jamal Formation with 251 m thickness divided into eight lithostratigraphic unit. Lower boundary of this formation with an unconformity is underlained by the Sardar Formation which belongs to the Carboniferous period and upper boundary with an unconformity reaches to the Lower Triassic Sorkh-Shale Formation. Facies and microfacies studies of the Jamal Formation led to the identification of two petrofacies and 14 carbonate microfacies. According to the recognized carbonate allochems, petrofacies and microfacies of the Jamal Formation and some evidence such as transitional microfacies changes, we can consider a depositional environment of a shallow mixed siliciclastic-carbonate ramp platform. Petrographically, four types of dolomites are recognized in the Jamal Formation. The dolomitization model for the type I dolomite is considered forming in tidal flat and burial dolomitization for types II, III and IV. Geochemical studies including major and trace elements analysis comprised of elements such as Ca, Mg, Sr, Mn and Fe. Using ratios of the elements and also by plotting some of these elements cross carbon and oxygen isotopes in various diagrams have been used in determining the original mineralogy of carbonate deposits and efficient diagenetic system on the Jamal Formation. The results indicate that the dominant diagenetic environment effected on the carbonate deposits of Jamal Formation was occurred in a semi-closed system and the original mineralogy was aragonite. Evaluation of major and trace elements contents of the four types dolomites, confirmed different characteristics of theses dolomite resembling crystal sizes in petrographic studies. Carbon and oxygen isotopes data of dolomites also defined their diagenetic situations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - An Algorithm for Optimal Control of a Class of Linear Time Varying Systems with Computational Time Reduction and Increasing Its Speed Approach in Engineering Problems
Mehdi Yousefi Tabari Zahra Rahmani Ali Vahidian Kamyad Seyed Jalil Sadati

Time-delay systems have been very much considered in the last few decades. Many of these time-delay systems appear in different systems and branches of science such as engineering, chemistry, physics, disease models. The presence of delay makes the analysis and control More

Time-delay systems have been very much considered in the last few decades. Many of these time-delay systems appear in different systems and branches of science such as engineering, chemistry, physics, disease models. The presence of delay makes the analysis and control of such systems much more complicated. In fact, the application of Pontryagin’s maximum principle to the optimal control problems with time-delay results in boundary value problem involving both delay and advance terms. In this paper, we consider a time-delay optimal control problems. The first section, using the Pontryagin's maximum principle for optimal control problems with time delay, the necessary optimality conditions for this problem, are obtained. Then a new algorithm is proposed to solve this problem numerically. This algorithm is based on an approximation for derivatives and linear interpolation for delayed arguments. Finally, the resulting equations becomes a linear programming problem that can be solved numerically. The efficiency of the proposed method is evaluated by solving several numerical examples. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

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HamidReza Sabbaghi Ali Abbasian

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- Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - A Reflection On The Positive Principle And Its Application In Iranian Jurisprudence And Law
Behnam Ghanbarpour Seyyed Ali Jabar Golbaghi Masoleh

The meaning of the positive principle is the proof of the rational and common principles of the practical principles; But the discussion of positives is not limited to practical principles; Rather, it is also mentioned in other principles such as the principle of authen More

The meaning of the positive principle is the proof of the rational and common principles of the practical principles; But the discussion of positives is not limited to practical principles; Rather, it is also mentioned in other principles such as the principle of authenticity in other interpretations of signs. The necessity of research on the positive principle is that the positives and rational and Shariah requirements are of fundamental use in jurisprudence and subject law. And it can be the basis of the judge's decision in some cases; For example, if due to the immaturity of the contracting parties, there is doubt about the nullity of the transaction, By referring to the positives of the authenticity principle, it is possible to judge the authenticity of the transaction; Now this question is raised whether the rational, customary and normal principles of practice have also been taken into consideration by jurists and lawyers? The findings of the current research, which is organized in a descriptive and analytical method, indicate that the positive aspects of signs are evidence; But the positives are practical principles that are considered as apparent rules, And they are used in practice when in doubt, and in the real world they have no discovery of the truth. They do not have the ability to hold. As a result, the rational and customary positives of practical principles such as the principle of association and the principle of acquittal cannot be effective in judicial procedures and will not be invoked. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - Functions of constructive anticipation in reforming social abnormalcies
Mohammad Reza Zamiri morteza zamiri

The most important responsibly of waiter (Muntadir) during the time of occultation is constructive anticipation, an anticipation which leads a person to self-construction and community building and frees him from silence and stillness, and strengthens him in preparing h More

The most important responsibly of waiter (Muntadir) during the time of occultation is constructive anticipation, an anticipation which leads a person to self-construction and community building and frees him from silence and stillness, and strengthens him in preparing himself for the universal government of Imam of the time (aj) in both motivational and behavioral dimensions. The basic condition of preparation for reappearance is purging the society from all kinds of pollution and moral and social abnormalcies. The main question of this research is “what is the function of constructive anticipation in reforming and eliminating social abnormalcies?” After scientific analysis through descriptive and analytical methods and using library and documentary means, it has been concluded that the school of anticipation (Intidar), with having Mahdavi socialization and reinforcement of personality, will battle with existing abnormalcies and then measures will be taken in order to bring balancing as well as structural reformation of abnormalcies of society. And in this regard we have obtained the following analytical model with the explanations which will be mentioned in the text: Anticipation « Mahdavi socialization « Reinforcement of Personality « Battle against and contradiction with existing abnormalcies «controlling and supervising the social abnormalcies «balancing and structural reformation of abnormalcies of society. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - Car pollution control using catalyst
khodadad behrozi

The emission of pollutants from vehicles is generally low, but the number of vehicles on the road increases, so the environmental pollution also increases. About 35% of CO, 30% of HC and 25% of NOx produced in the atmosphere are from the transportation sector. These pol More

The emission of pollutants from vehicles is generally low, but the number of vehicles on the road increases, so the environmental pollution also increases. About 35% of CO, 30% of HC and 25% of NOx produced in the atmosphere are from the transportation sector. These pollutants have adverse effects on the environment and human health. Greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles generally depend on the air-to-fuel ratio. Control techniques for exhaust emissions include engine modifications, fuel pretreatment, fuel additives, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), positive crankcase ventilation (PCV), and the use of catalytic converters. A catalytic converter is a device that converts more toxic exhaust gases into less toxic pollutants. There are different types of catalysts used in the purification of car exhaust gases, such as catalysts of noble metals and basic metals, etc. The catalytic converter was effective and compatible in reducing harmful exhaust gas emissions so that it can be used in trucks, buses, cars, motorcycles and other equipped constructions. This article will discuss various types of recent advances in catalysts for controlling vehicle exhaust pollution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - Functions of the principle of dignity in criminal policies in the light of religious teachings
mohammad mirzaei Fatemeh Azimi

Since human dignity is considered as a right or a set of inalienable and transferable rights, which has many potentials and fields of development and legislation in rule-making or compiling basic principles in the field of management and it is crime control or criminal More

Since human dignity is considered as a right or a set of inalienable and transferable rights, which has many potentials and fields of development and legislation in rule-making or compiling basic principles in the field of management and it is crime control or criminal policy, so it is considered to be able to play a constructive and effective role in the field of macro and strategic criminal policies in an extra-legal way. In the religious teachings of Islam, human dignity is not based on a contractual and creditable matter, but on the basis of an ontological, ethical and original matter, which originates from the essence of human creation and a subject of development based on divine decrees and in the legislative dimension. It is justified. Now the question is, with all these capacities, how can this issue be given a practical aspect in a religious government, in the context of criminal policies and in the field of crime management and control? In other words, what is the place and functions of dignity-orientation in criminal and criminal policies? In other words, what is the place and functions of dignity-orientation in criminal and criminal policies? The findings of this article, prepared with descriptive and analytical methods, state that the preservation of human dignity, which has a moral origin on the one hand, and is also the creator of many moral works, has the ability to be the most important pillar of criminal policies. To be known in the general sense and criminal policies in the special sense. Since this principle is the justification factor and existential basis for many criminal and moral institutions and mechanisms in the criminal justice system, such as the principle of equality, proportionality, amnesty, acquittal, equality of arms, caution, and so on, with redefinition The function of the rule of dignity, which this article examines, can change the macro and strategic policies of penal and criminal. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - Capability of issuing conditional cheques; A criticism to article 3 of Cheque Issuing Act modified at 1382/06/02
فرشاد فرازمند

The autonomy principle in payment and guarantee instruments such as Letters of Credits, Demand Guarantees (Bank Guarantees), Bills, Promissory Notes and Cheques have become one of the inseparable characteristics, to the point that it constitutes the nature of these in More

The autonomy principle in payment and guarantee instruments such as Letters of Credits, Demand Guarantees (Bank Guarantees), Bills, Promissory Notes and Cheques have become one of the inseparable characteristics, to the point that it constitutes the nature of these instruments. Most countries laws and international conventions have identified the principle in their rules. Autonomy principle increases payment certainty remarkably so that any excuse, exterior from payment relationship cannot block payment procedure. On the other side the execution of the principle in absolute and inflexible manner can cause issuer (The person who is responsible for payment) to be harmed where the beneficiary is not entitled to pay rightfully and fairly. One of the ways which could reduce the absoluteness of autonomy principle and make it flexible is possibility of predicting conditions which acts as a complementary for autonomy principle in different rules and reduces harmful and unfair consequences of absolute application of autonomy principle. By comparatively study the provisions of various payment and guarantee instruments, In this research, we are trying to consider that are cheques, as a common payment and guarantee instrument among people, possible to be issued with conditions or not. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - The role of the orientation of Isfahan houses in the natural lighting of spaces adjacent to the central courtyard: Historical houses of Isfahan city.
ساناز رهروی پوده

<p>One of the influential factors in building design is their proper orientation regarding the placement of the sun and the optimal utilization of natural light. Research conducted on buildings constructed in Iran has referred to three orientations (directions): the ori More

<p>One of the influential factors in building design is their proper orientation regarding the placement of the sun and the optimal utilization of natural light. Research conducted on buildings constructed in Iran has referred to three orientations (directions): the orientation of urban buildings relative to sunlight, wind direction, and generally the appropriate use of optimal climatic conditions. This article aims to investigate the orientation of courtyard houses in the city of Isfahan, built during the Safavid and Qajar periods, and its impact on the illumination of facades and spaces situated in each direction. The main research question is based on the orientation of houses, both in terms of direction and angle, and how it has affected the illumination of facades and consequently the spaces. The purpose of this research is to study the role of the orientation of houses in the illumination of spaces. The method employed in this study is qualitative research, and data collection utilized both library and field methods, with data analysis conducted using descriptive methods. The results of this research indicate that the orientation of houses on a north-south axis in winter, based on the Isfahan pattern, performs better than other angles for Tehran-style illumination (winter-oriented). However, overall, none of the orientations had a significant impact on facade illumination. Nonetheless, the varied placement angles in historical houses not built according to the Isfahan pattern were not climate-dependent but rather created based on the shape of the land and its axial alignment.</p> Manuscript profile

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