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Open Access Article
1 - A Managerial Examination of the Successful Parameters in the B2C Business
shila mosammami mahmood moradi Asadollah ShahbahramiCurrently, Electronic Commerce (EC) is a dynamic channel for trading. Because proposed simplicity and speed are competitive advantages which traditional organizations are unable to compete with them and thus not only individuals but also governments need its presence. A MoreCurrently, Electronic Commerce (EC) is a dynamic channel for trading. Because proposed simplicity and speed are competitive advantages which traditional organizations are unable to compete with them and thus not only individuals but also governments need its presence. According to our study, the success of an EC system is arranged by 3 different categories named: Technical Characteristic View, Psychosocial Characteristic View and Managerial Characteristic View. But the managerial characteristic view is going to be argued in this research. Statistical population in this research has been 344 students of university of Guilan and their shopping behavior has been collected with offline and online questionnaires in a limited period of time. Consequently, extracted knowledge for further researches is argued in the following sections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - A proper method for the advertising email classification based on user’s profiles
rahim hazratgholizadeh Mohammad FathianIn general, Spam is related to satisfy or not satisfy the client and isn’t related to the content of the client’s email. According to this definition, problems arise in the field of marketing and advertising for example, it is possible that some of the advertising email MoreIn general, Spam is related to satisfy or not satisfy the client and isn’t related to the content of the client’s email. According to this definition, problems arise in the field of marketing and advertising for example, it is possible that some of the advertising emails become spam for some users, and not spam for others. To deal with this problem, many researchers design an anti-spam based on personal profiles. Normally machine learning methods for spam classification with good accuracy are used. However, there isn’t a unique successful way based on Electronic Commerce approach. In this paper, at first were prepared a new profile that can lead to better simulations of user’s behavior. Then we gave this profile with advertising emails to students and collected their answers. In continue, were examined famous methods for email classification. Finally, comparing different methods by criteria of data mining standards, it can be shown that neural network method has the best accuracy for various data sets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Ranking Lack of Success Factors of Electronic Commerce in Technical Infrastructure in Tile and Ceramic Factories in Meybod County
edehghani edehghaniThe electronic commerce is considered as one of the strategies to maintain competitive advantage in the companies. To have a successful electronic commerce in each business, some requirements and infrastructures are needed in advance. "Technical infrastructure" is as th MoreThe electronic commerce is considered as one of the strategies to maintain competitive advantage in the companies. To have a successful electronic commerce in each business, some requirements and infrastructures are needed in advance. "Technical infrastructure" is as the most fundamental and most important infrastructure for electronic commerce. In this study, a comprehensive model is presented that introduces the effective factors on the success of electronic commerce in the technical infrastructure and shows that how by using importance-performance analysis model, it can be possible to identify the undesirable infrastructure factors that lead to unsuccessfulness of electronic commerce in each business and prioritize them for improvement and, technical infrastructure of electronic commerce and it’s capabilities which are necessary for successful implementation will be reviewed and technical infrastructure factor that cause failure of the e-commerce in the tile and ceramic industry of Maybod county, as one of the main centers of ceramic and tile production in the world and the biggest exporter of tiles in Iran, will be evaluated using the " analysis of importance- Performance" method. The results indicate that the internal infrastructure as well as the hardware and software available in theses firms, have acceptable condition and non-use of electronic payments, poor public infrastructure (Internet), lack of enough human force and undesirable capability of websites, are the main factors for failure of electronic commerce in term of technical infrastructure in these firms, respectively. [dm1] [dm1]بازنگری شود Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Effect of using of e-commerce on consumer behavior (Case study: Online customers of RIGHTEL company)
maryam mahmoodiToday, customers increasingly go to the Internet to search, evaluate, buy, and in some cases use virtual products. This demand from consumers and online consumers, forces companies to manage their customers better and pay more attention to their demands. The purpose of MoreToday, customers increasingly go to the Internet to search, evaluate, buy, and in some cases use virtual products. This demand from consumers and online consumers, forces companies to manage their customers better and pay more attention to their demands. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using e-commerce on Online consumers behavior of RIGHTEL company. The present research is descriptive in terms of research method and in terms of purpose is an applied type. The statistical population of this study is the students of Islamic Azad University of Naragh Branch. According to the Cocran formula, the size of the unlimited society is 171 people. sampling method is Simple random. In order to collect data, has been used two questionnaires including: Standard questionnaire for consumer behavior of LERMAN(2006) with 6 items and HAMDAN(2004) e-commerce standard questionnaire with 10 items, that the above questionnaires have a five-choice spectrum of Likert scale. The collected data through questionnaires were entered into the spss21 software. For statistical analysis of data, used statistical tests including Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and regression. The results of this study indicate that e-commerce has a direct impact on consumer behavior and its dimensions (customer satisfaction, trust, loyalty, positive politeness and negative politeness). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - An Analysis of Customer Behavior in online shopping of electronic products
Razieh Rouhi DEHKORDITechnology advance has had a great influence on commerce and business, as tools advance in present era has made a new type of human relations that help them perform macro and micro transactions and businesses without physical presence, and made businesses go toward elec MoreTechnology advance has had a great influence on commerce and business, as tools advance in present era has made a new type of human relations that help them perform macro and micro transactions and businesses without physical presence, and made businesses go toward electronization. Current study involves identification and prioritization of factors affecting customer’s behavior of online purchase of electronic products. A method combined of attributive and survey methods was used. Indeed, data analysis was performed based on survey method. All of Students of Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch were used as respondents. Based on Cochran formula, sample volume was 347 people. Sampling method was randomly. Questionnaire was prepared using experts comments and Delphi technique and was distributed among students. Spss software and AHP method were used in Statistical analysis. Results showed that 14 major factor affect customer’s behavior of online purchase of electronic products that Security, trust and price factors ranked as three first rank using AHP method which is confirmed by results of other researches. Finally, solutions were presented for any indicator. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Determine the level of customer satisfaction in e-commerce by using gamification (Case Study: Customers of the Bamilo company site)
Semiramis TorabiThe concept of gamification is the use of the elements of the game on the company's business website for the purpose of e-commerce, including the sale and purchase of company' website by using of the internet, the participation of users in marketing and advertising (by MoreThe concept of gamification is the use of the elements of the game on the company's business website for the purpose of e-commerce, including the sale and purchase of company' website by using of the internet, the participation of users in marketing and advertising (by email or group meeting on Facebook, Instagram, etc). Due to the important of this issue, customer satisfaction in Bamilo company is being investigate. To this end, the customers' satisfaction with the site of the company is determined by the questionnaire. According to the results of this research, there is a positive relationship between the gamified company' website and customer satisfaction. There is also a positive relationship between the gamify of the company's website and customer loyalty, repeat shopping, durability and trust. There is an indirect impact between the gamify of the company's website and customer loyalty, repeat shopping, durability and trust through customer satisfaction. This research measures the level of customer satisfaction by using gamification strategy on a commercial site.The main goal of this study is "Determine the impact of implementing "gamification strategies" on increasing "customers satisfaction" in e-commerce". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - بررسی خوداتكـايي انفعالي صنعت پتروشيميايران در مقايسه با نگرش سيستميبه اين صنعت
ali mohammadipour roya alomran -
Open Access Article
8 - Prioritization of e-commerce failure factors in technical infrastructure: Meybod city ceramic tile factories
edehghani edehghani amir manian hasanali nematiE-commerce is one of the ways to maintain a competitive advantage in companies. Successful e-commerce in any business requires pre-requisites and infrastructure. "Technical infrastructure" is the most basic and important infrastructure for e-commerce. In this paper, a c MoreE-commerce is one of the ways to maintain a competitive advantage in companies. Successful e-commerce in any business requires pre-requisites and infrastructure. "Technical infrastructure" is the most basic and important infrastructure for e-commerce. In this paper, a comprehensive model is presented that presents the factors influencing the success of e-commerce in technical infrastructure and shows how using the importance-performance analysis model, unfavorable technical infrastructure factors that cause e-commerce failure in any The business can be identified and prioritized to improve them, and the technical infrastructure factors that make e-commerce unsuccessful in the city's ceramic tile industry, as one of the main hubs of tile production in the world and the most important exporter of tiles in Iran. It is evaluated by the method of "significance-performance analysis". The results show that the internal infrastructure of these factories, as well as the capabilities of the hardware and software available in these factories, are in an acceptable condition, and factors such as not using electronic payment, poor public infrastructure (Internet), Lack of sufficient manpower and undesirable web capabilities Factory sites are one of the factors in the failure of e-commerce in these factories in terms of technical infrastructure, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Providing a suitable method for categorizing promotional e-mails based on user profiles
Mohammad fathiyan rahim hazratgholizadehIn general, the definition of spam is related to the consent or lack of consent of the recipient, not the content of the e-mail. According to this definition, problems arise in the classification of electronic mails in marketing and advertising. For example, it is possi MoreIn general, the definition of spam is related to the consent or lack of consent of the recipient, not the content of the e-mail. According to this definition, problems arise in the classification of electronic mails in marketing and advertising. For example, it is possible that some promotional e-mails are spam for some users and not spam for others. To deal with this problem, personal anti-spams are designed according to the profile and behavior of users. Usually, machine learning methods are used with good accuracy to classify spam. But in any case, there is no single successful method based on the point of view of e-commerce. In this article, first, a new profile is prepared to better simulate the behavior of users. Then this profile is presented to students along with emails and their responses are collected. In the following, well-known methods are tested for different data sets to categorize electronic mails. Finally, by comparing data mining evaluation criteria, neural network is determined as the best method with high accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Feasibility of Discharge Permit Market in Rivers
شروین جمشیدی Emad Mahjoubi Mojtaba ArdestaniThe purpose of this study is to focus on the challenges that the nitrogen discharge permits market face with in Sefidrud River. In addition, it intends to find the optimal waste load allocation (WLA) in regard. Thus, the river is simulated by Qual2kw in which the total MoreThe purpose of this study is to focus on the challenges that the nitrogen discharge permits market face with in Sefidrud River. In addition, it intends to find the optimal waste load allocation (WLA) in regard. Thus, the river is simulated by Qual2kw in which the total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) and the impacts of dischargers at the quality of checkpoint are calculated. Eventually, the optimization of WLA is assigned using the total abatement cost functions. Results verify that this market is limited because of few permits supplied by point sources. Here, 150 permits are totally traded that can only save 2% in total abatement costs comparing to the conventional TMDL policy. The economically incentive based optimal solution is only in hand if some dischargers use 15 to 25% of primary price as discount. However, in case of Gharesoo, the total cost savings increase to 35%. It can be concluded that the outcomes of discharge permit market relies on the total permit supplies and demands and their feasibility requires case studies in advance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A Comparative Study Of The Nature Of The Head And The Right To Trade With An Approach To Free Trade And Industrial Zones
Farshad Akbari Balanga Seyed Alireza Mirheidari LangroudiGoodwill is one of the most important issue’s of renting , which has emerged in the contemporary period and was first established in France , and then French law has entered Iran's rights. In 1997, it was recognized by the legislator. This was right before the laws ente MoreGoodwill is one of the most important issue’s of renting , which has emerged in the contemporary period and was first established in France , and then French law has entered Iran's rights. In 1997, it was recognized by the legislator. This was right before the laws entered into Iran's commercial convention. What was recognized in Iran's laws in the past was the right to business and trade that most of the jurists called to oppose it and declared it a non – religious. Consequently¬ opposition , the Convention on the Trade , which was reflected in the form of goodwill in the writings¬ of jurists, influenced their legal theories for the first time in the framework of the legal Relations Law and the tenant of 1997. Although the law could not be all to goodwill issues. Because the concept of goodwill and its nature is not clear, and at the same time the conditions of realization of the goodwill and the implementation guarantee¬ Failure to comply with these terms and also the right to the third parties is not clear. Also , the goodwill and conditions of realization of the transfer and conformity of it in Iran's free trade and industrial zones have ambiguities. Hence , in this thesis we are going to clarify the ambiguities and solutions to solve this issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Business ethics and ethical trading
حمید رضانیا شیرازیIn today's world due to ethical issues in international trade and the economy in general, has gained extraordinary importance. Business ethics is a branch of applied ethics and spiritual morality or ethical issues arising from what I have in the business environment or MoreIn today's world due to ethical issues in international trade and the economy in general, has gained extraordinary importance. Business ethics is a branch of applied ethics and spiritual morality or ethical issues arising from what I have in the business environment or business environment examined. Also due to economic globalization, the development of communication and thereby expanding markets, the need for ethical points in trade has increased more than any other time. Religions and especially Islam and Ahlul Bayt(a.s) 's interpretation emphasizes important in creating moral basis for better life of all faiths have been targets of religious teachings is evident. In fact, according to Islamic teachings real strategy for a better life and stay ahead of the opening perfectionism best solution is to resort to trade where ethics to be done carefully. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The analysis of the doctrine of the intellectual property support structure of nanotechnology in the World Trade Organization
Reza Soudi Seyyed Qasim Zamani Abu Mohammad AsgerkhaniThe World Trade Organization (WTO), as a regulator, has begun to harmonize some of the principles governing intellectual property protection. Although the role of resolving disputes by the organization is also remarkable, it should be noted that part of the activities o MoreThe World Trade Organization (WTO), as a regulator, has begun to harmonize some of the principles governing intellectual property protection. Although the role of resolving disputes by the organization is also remarkable, it should be noted that part of the activities of the World Trade Organization include the principles that underpin the protection of intellectual property. Since nanotechnology is one of the technologies that requires serious intellectual property protection from its inventions, it seems necessary to provide a framework for supporting this technology. On the other hand, it should be pointed out that the frameworks specified in the TRIPs are sometimes not in line with the existing situation, and it seems that some features of nanotechnology are not well considered. It is therefore proposed that the Nanotechnology Doctrine be considered in support of nanotechnology in the framework of the WTO rules, because the features in nanotechnology have made some conditions for supporting this technology different from other inventions of technology. In this paper, we try to place the World Trade Organization as a regulator in relation to intellectual property, especially nanotechnology, and, finally, consider the framework of the Nanotechnology Support Doctrine in accordance with the foundations of the World Trade Organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Legal and ethical solutions to deal with corruption in concluding international trade agreements
Bahram Taghipour Mehdi Abbasi Sarmadi Azam Mahdavi Pur Mohammad Taghi EbrahimiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the moral and ethical aspects of corruption as a crime in the field of international trade and to identify international norms for dealing with them. The most important questions that this article intends to address are: Is th MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the moral and ethical aspects of corruption as a crime in the field of international trade and to identify international norms for dealing with them. The most important questions that this article intends to address are: Is the corruption that exists in the conclusion of international business contracts in the legality of the conclusion of the contract? What are the most important examples of corruption in international trade? What is the most important anti-corruption solution in international business contracts and in general, international trade? The results of the research show that the involvement of illegally brokers and brokers in international commercial contracts leads to the invalidation and ineffectiveness of these contracts due to their influence and the existence of bribes. Bribery, leakage, transaction collusion, fraud and fraud, commercial exploitation, illicit proceeds, money laundering, theft and seizure of property and committing other financial distortions by public officials and abuse of duty are the most important examples of corruption in the field of international trade. The accurate implementation of international instruments and domestic anti-corruption laws and the development of preventive criminal and non-judicial education is the most important way of tackling corruption in international trade. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Rating the Effective Elements over E- Procurement Adoption in Organization by Statistical Method and Analytical Hierarchy Process Case study: Iranian Islamic Republic Railways
Farzaneh Pourkiyani Davood Vahdat Reza Askari Moghadam Eslam Nazemi alireza dadashiThe main goal of this article is rating and scoring the importance of main elements over implementation of e-procurement in organizations (Case Study: Iranian Islamic Republic Railways). For Scoring and rating the elements, we used the statistical methods of Friedman te MoreThe main goal of this article is rating and scoring the importance of main elements over implementation of e-procurement in organizations (Case Study: Iranian Islamic Republic Railways). For Scoring and rating the elements, we used the statistical methods of Friedman test and Kruskal-Wallis test (test H), and Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP). Here we used two methods to rate the elements over e-procurement adoption; The statistical processes and the AHP or Analytical Hierarchy Process. Also, in this study two kinds of questionnaire are used and designed, likert and AHP. Likert questionnaire is completed by 97 persons among Iranian Railways experts, managers and senior managers having BA 70% and MA, 19%. The statistical processes result showed that most effectiveness elements over e-procurement adoption in I.I.R.R are "Organization" as the first factor ranked score 4.0585 , "Technology" as the second factor ranked score 3.7807 and "Environment" is the third factor ranked score 3.6968 respectively. AHP questionnaire is completed by 24 managers and senior managers of I.I.R.R and its results are similar to Fridman and Kruskal-Wallis method: "Organization" is the first ranked score 0.389, "Technology" is the second ranked 0.378 and "Environment" is the third factor ranked 0.233 which are the most important factors in e-procurement adoption in I.I.R.R respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Components affecting the adoption of electronic commerce by the small and medium enterprises in the agricultural sector
Maryam Yazdani Zanganeh Bahman Khosro pourThrough deep study of library, the factors affecting adoption of electronic commerce by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the agricultural sector with the objective importance of these factors is assessed. Achievement of objectives such as equitable distribution of MoreThrough deep study of library, the factors affecting adoption of electronic commerce by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the agricultural sector with the objective importance of these factors is assessed. Achievement of objectives such as equitable distribution of resources in disadvantaged areas, increasing production and exports, strengthening of economic mobility, enhance entrepreneurship, employment and increased job opportunities demonstrates is role of small enterprises in the agricultural sector development. Now, small enterprises play an important role in the development economic indicators and So take advantage of new methods of doing business such as e-commerce process will be very effective role in the development and success of these enterprises in the agricultural sector. In this regard, e-commerce will be able to trade agricultural products and e and more than any other technology will find its match. This study shows that many benefits of e-commerce for the businesses and in variety of ways such as providing better services for consumers, suppliers and consumers find new and improved business process efficiency there. Factors such as compatibility, relative advantage and perceived increased in profit has positive affect than on electronic commerce are accepted. Small-scale enterprises should pay more attention to application technologies such as electronic commerce and communications networks to ensure their methods of work and organizational culture is compatible with e-commerce. Interest should promote awareness of the benefits of using e-commerce by the SMEs in agriculture sector and give increased awareness can be through workshops, seminars and training courses , extension about the e-commerce achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Optimum Effect of Electronic Commerce on Supply Chain Management
Hadi Heydari Saeed moheb Rabbani Hesam Zand HesamiCompetitive advantage of an organization heavily dependent on the effectiveness of supply chain organization. Today, Supply Chain Management,is a growing body of tools and technologies for coordination and optimization of key processes, including: Reduction costs, incre MoreCompetitive advantage of an organization heavily dependent on the effectiveness of supply chain organization. Today, Supply Chain Management,is a growing body of tools and technologies for coordination and optimization of key processes, including: Reduction costs, increasing quality, facilitate distribution, increasing customer satisfaction and ... , and Supply Chain Management should improve the coordination between members of the chain in order to achieve these goals and increase opportunities. Growth in information technology recent years, we witness, E-commerce are provided in the development pillars management. Especially that part of an integrated Internet and Electronic Commerce is required, high potential and capacity for efficient supply chain is to be. Paing attention to concepts of Electronic Commerce and Supply Chain Management, this article study factors influencing technology adoption in an organization and its followers, the effect of electronic commerce emerging as a new technology on the different section of chain. SCM development and change in the strategy units along with commercial development E-business with problems and obstacles inherent, It is necessary to response the pre challenges for this technology to the executive and the implementation makes essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The necessity of innovation in administrating knowledge management and IT management in Iran
Mohammadreza Abbasi Manoochehr MakkiAt present the necessity of paying attention to knowledge management and IT management has been a challenging issue for the managers of organizations. This matter seems incomplete without paying attention to the applicability of the mentioned concepts. Hence, in this ar MoreAt present the necessity of paying attention to knowledge management and IT management has been a challenging issue for the managers of organizations. This matter seems incomplete without paying attention to the applicability of the mentioned concepts. Hence, in this article, the basic assumptions of knowledge management and its relation to information technology are investigated from both theoretical and practical perspectives. The formation, definitions, literature, processes, and all the issues related to the knowledge management will be presented. In addition, it is mentioned that in spite of the close relationship between information technology and knowledge management, it is not possible to substitute technology for human knowledge. Finally, having reviewed some principles and obstacles to knowledge management, the researchers propose innovative ways in order to carry out knowledge management programs via information technology in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Technology Clusters and their Impacts on the Commercialization of Technology in Iran
Saeed Samadi Amin Kolahdozan Maryam EsfandiyariAccording to definition, knowledge based economic development is creating value in society by means of wisdom, knowledge and technology. Some infrastructures for commercializing research outcomes and facilitating technological exchanges are required in order to form a s MoreAccording to definition, knowledge based economic development is creating value in society by means of wisdom, knowledge and technology. Some infrastructures for commercializing research outcomes and facilitating technological exchanges are required in order to form a system for getting to this point In other hand, Technology Clusters are geographic concentrations of interconnected knowledge-based and innovative companies who work closely with each other, local suppliers, infrastructure providers, educational institutions, and other relevant agencies. Cluster-based development is based on the premise that a company (and their region) can realize higher levels of competitiveness when it looks beyond its own limited capacity and strategically partners with other companies and support institutions to address challenges and solve problems that it is unable to solve when operating as an isolated entity. It is an approach that encourages companies who compete to come together and identify ways in which they can cooperate to their mutual benefit This paper, with a review to basic concepts, presents the main components and requirements of technology clusters along with a compatible model to use it more effectively for commercialization of technology and R&D outcomes in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The norms of entrepreneurial science
henry Eikoeitz Firouzeh Asbaghi KhanghahUniversities are undergoing a second revelution these days, in corporating economic and social development as part of their mission. The first academic revolution made research an academic function in addition to teaching. Now the emerging entrepreneurial university int MoreUniversities are undergoing a second revelution these days, in corporating economic and social development as part of their mission. The first academic revolution made research an academic function in addition to teaching. Now the emerging entrepreneurial university integrates economic development as an additional function. The capitalization of knowledge takes many different forms that are discussed in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Trade of Services within the realm of World Trade Organization
Vali SajediThe strategic subject of membership in WTO is one of the important subjects in world transactions; and countries from all around the world enthusiastically follow this matter. Since WTO covers 148 countries and more than 95% of world trads, not attending in this realm i MoreThe strategic subject of membership in WTO is one of the important subjects in world transactions; and countries from all around the world enthusiastically follow this matter. Since WTO covers 148 countries and more than 95% of world trads, not attending in this realm is not possible and meaningful. Therefore, it is necessary to study about different aspects of commodity, service and industrial property trade. By considering the necessity of joint of Iran to WTO, that is one of the main concerns of capitalists and governors, and since the forth development plan is based upon liberating the commerce; and regading the fact that Iran is accepted as an observer member in WTO (Since 26, May 2005), it is vital that before taking any actions, different aspects of each activity be examined thoroughly. Further more, the legal situation of different services should be examined by the experts to comment upon professional aspects. The above mentioned experts, then, according to the position of services trade in Iran and in the world, evaluate the capacity of different services to recognize the internal market and try to expand it into external markets as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Effective Factors for Iran's Proper Entry into the World Trade Organization
Hamid HanifiJoining to the World Trade Organization is one of the dimensions of globalization and will improve free trade. In order to prevent the abuse of this free trade, additional laws and agreements should be attached to the WTO rules. One of them is the TRIPS Agreement that i MoreJoining to the World Trade Organization is one of the dimensions of globalization and will improve free trade. In order to prevent the abuse of this free trade, additional laws and agreements should be attached to the WTO rules. One of them is the TRIPS Agreement that is about the Intellectual Property Rights. Intellectual property rights consist of rights derived from intellectual creativity in the fields of science, industry, literature, art that arise from the knowledge and art or creativity of the creator. But, the laws of the WTO and intellectual property rights, despite their advantages, also have deficiencies. Considering that Iran is a member of the World Trade Organization's viewer, and in the near future or later will become as a final and definite member, therefore, during this time, it is necessary to provide the preliminaries of attendance. Thus, in this paper, some factors have been extracted that are effective in preparing for Iran's presence in the World Trade Organization. To do this, first, articles about the Intellectual Property Rights and also World Trade Organization were extracted and then, related articles were separated and analyzed with these two titles. In the next stage, considering the analysis of the selected articles reviewed, and having a relationship between some variables together, and their combination with expert's opinions, some important factors of these two items were categorized. Finally, Whereas these factors were considered as effective factors in the World Trade Organization and Intellectual Property Rights, some suggestions were made about them that strengthened these factors, which ultimately leads to readiness before entering the World Trade Organization. These factors were classified into two groups: 1) The factor of intellectual property rights whose sub-factors are: a) Motivational Factors, b) Connections Factors, c) Intellectual Property Rights Factors, d) Technology Transfer Factors, e) Market Factors, f) Public Interest Factors, g) Factors related to the Human Rights interactions with the Intellectual Property Rights. 2) The World Trade Organization whose sub-factors are: a) Infrastructural Factors, b) Regulatory Factors, c) Factors related to the Internal Challenges, d) Imitative Factors, e) Incentive Factors, f) Pre-reform Factors, g) Legal Factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Identifying and Ranking the Factors of E-Readiness Assessment for SMEs to Enter the E-Commerce Market
Abbas Toloie Eshlaghy Farshid Farokhizadeh Reza Radfar Naghi ShojaDuring the last decade, the key role of information and communication technology has proven to facilitate the process of transition and change of organizations; The e-readiness is the platform for entering into the modern time and activities in the networked world ad we MoreDuring the last decade, the key role of information and communication technology has proven to facilitate the process of transition and change of organizations; The e-readiness is the platform for entering into the modern time and activities in the networked world ad well as competition in the market. Thus, the design of e-readiness evaluation models, regarding the internal and environmental conditions of organizations and communities with the purpose of assessing their e-readiness level is necessary. However, without the evaluation of e-readiness of the organization, activity in the networked world will be impossible and have very high obstacles. In this paper, a brief introduction of the proposed models for the evaluation of the e-readiness and their classification have been discussed. Moreover, the factors influencing the e-readiness of the small and medium-sized enterprises to enter the e-commerce market have been investigated and detected through a combination approach of Shannon entropy. In this paper, after identifying and introducting existing models; the concepts, dimensions, and indices of the research were extracted and ranked by the Shannon entropy method. The results of this study show that the first ranked factors were organizational factors. Then environmental and man power factors were ranked second and third, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Investigating the Barriers to e-Commerce using Interpretive Structural Modeling
Hooman Shababi Maryam Ghiasabadi Farahani peyman ghafari AshtianiThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers to e-commerce along with the use of interpretive structural modeling in Nik Andisheh Baspar Auto Parts Company. The present study seeks to provide a theoretical model, but at the macro level, it is an applied MoreThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers to e-commerce along with the use of interpretive structural modeling in Nik Andisheh Baspar Auto Parts Company. The present study seeks to provide a theoretical model, but at the macro level, it is an applied research in terms of descriptive-survey method. The research statistical population is 12 experts of Nik Andisheh Baspar Auto Parts Company. Due to the limited number, the census method was used and research questionnaires were provided to all experts and managers of the company. In this study, first, a wide range of barriers to e-commerce were identified qualitatively through an in-depth review of the background. Then, by surveying 12 experts through structural-interpretive modeling method, the obstacles related to the study area for leveling and the relevant structural-interpretive model were identified using MATLAB software. Then, using pairwise comparisons, DEMATEL and ISM techniques have been used to determine the causal relationships between variables and their levels. The results indicate that the component of technological infrastructure and technology is at the highest level, which was recognized as the most effective component in this research, and at the lowest level, the component of technical infrastructure is the most effective component of this research, and This result seems to be logical in our country as well. In countries like Iran, which are moving towards industrialization, it may be a little difficult to use the latest technologies in the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The Protection of New Technological Methods of Business in the Patent System
hossein sadeghi Mahdi NaserUntil the last two decades, the prevailing view has always been that business methods are excluded from the scope of patent. Therefore, according to the laws of many countries, including Iran, business methods are mentioned as one of the exceptions to the scope of paten MoreUntil the last two decades, the prevailing view has always been that business methods are excluded from the scope of patent. Therefore, according to the laws of many countries, including Iran, business methods are mentioned as one of the exceptions to the scope of patent. However, along with technological developments and the development of new business methods based on computer technologies, electronic communication tools, e-commerce models and apps, legal and judicial developments have limited the scope of this exception and accepted the possibility of registering business methods that would lead to the creation of a new and practical technical effect. In this article, using Descriptive-analytical research method, based on the data obtained from the library study, while examining the existing capacities and challenges in the legal system of Iran, the situation in some other legal systems such as the United States and the procedure of the European Patent Office has been examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Examining the Influencing Factors on Online Travel Purchase Intention, Using Technology Acceptance Model Extension
seyed mehdi mirmehdi Danial MolaeiOnline travel shopping has become attractive for researchers. In our country, online travel shopping is thriving and researchers try to recognize customers’ behavior in online context and factors that impact on their behavior. Companies and organizations recognize custo MoreOnline travel shopping has become attractive for researchers. In our country, online travel shopping is thriving and researchers try to recognize customers’ behavior in online context and factors that impact on their behavior. Companies and organizations recognize customers’ behavior and effecting factors to find their strength and weaknesses in marketing and find customers’ demands; this subsequently leads to customer loyalty and an increase in their profit. Previous researches largely concentrated on Davis’s technology acceptance model, theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behavior. In this research by using technology acceptance model, 10 hypotheses were tested to analyze their impact on online travel purchase. In this descriptive – survey research, a questionnaire consists of 35 questions distributed online. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts’ comments and reliability was confirmed using Cronbach alpha. A sample of 250 were analyzed and the results indicate attitude, perceived usefulness, trust, and price have a meaningful relationship with online purchase intention. Secondly, perceived usefulness and trust have impact on attitude about online travel purchase. Separately perceived ease of use showed no significant relationship with attitude and online travel purchase. Results on perceived privacy suggest that it has a meaningful relationship with trust in online travel purchase, contrarily it has no significant impact on online travel purchase intention. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Resistance businesses based on Islamic teachings
sayyedmahmoud hashemiTrade and business have a long history in human civilization. Humans have long been involved in business to meet their needs. Hard work and resistance to hardships is one of the basic teachings of Islam and diligence is a form of worship from the Islamic point of view. MoreTrade and business have a long history in human civilization. Humans have long been involved in business to meet their needs. Hard work and resistance to hardships is one of the basic teachings of Islam and diligence is a form of worship from the Islamic point of view. As a result, religious and jurisprudential teachings in Islam pay special attention to this matter. For a business to be sustainable, it must be able to use existing advantages and at the same time discover new opportunities. Resistant business is a business that is called Have resilient, dynamic and potential for growth, prosperity and progress in crisis situations. The present study is of applied type and has been done by descriptive-analytical method. Accordingly, all valid documents related to Islamic business and teachings and other reliable sources of narrative that were central to the explanation of resistance business have been exploited. First, describe resistance business and strategies for realization It and the role of religious teachings in the resilience of businesses in natural and man-made crises are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Design of online shopping improvement pattern by using ISM model
Amene Kiarazm Lotfolah Forozandeh Dehkordi Mohammad Mahmoudi Maymand mirza hasan hosseiniThis study is done to identify affecting factors on the improvement of online shopping with respect to the customer decision-making process. For this purpose, the literature review were used and then using interpretive structural modeling for defining relationships betw MoreThis study is done to identify affecting factors on the improvement of online shopping with respect to the customer decision-making process. For this purpose, the literature review were used and then using interpretive structural modeling for defining relationships between affecting factors on the improvement of online shopping. To define these relationships, 16 expert opinions on management and information technology were taken. The results show that the model includes seven factors: Channel Quality, Website Quality, Product Features, Advertising, Transaction Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Online Shopping Improvement. Website Quality, Product Features, Transaction Quality have a fundamental role because of high driving power and low dependency. After that, Channel Quality, Advertising, and Customer Satisfaction are at the center of attention. Finally, the goal variable of study - improve online shopping- is placed the third level because of having lowest driving power and highest dependency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - رعایت حریم خصوصی در فضای مجازی موردمطالعه: حقوق ایران
Arash Shoghnian -
Open Access Article
30 - Modeling of Electronic Word of Mouth Marketing Based on text mining User comments, A new approach On social commerce
Elham Ramezani Ali Rajabzadeh Ghatary Vahid Baradaran Maryam ShoarThe purpose of this article is to present an Electronic Word of Mouth marketing model in social commerce Based on text mining User comments in sale sites. Due to the new research in this field and using the text mining method of user comments to express the variables of MoreThe purpose of this article is to present an Electronic Word of Mouth marketing model in social commerce Based on text mining User comments in sale sites. Due to the new research in this field and using the text mining method of user comments to express the variables of this type of marketing model, this research is a kind of Exploratory Developmental Research. The method used in this research Is combination of qualitative and quantitative. In this regard,by studying previous researches As well as receiving, preprocessing and analyzing 11thousand Customers Online Comments In the case of digital products, Repetitive words with a positive label were selected Then, using Word2vec algorithm The variables of the Electronic Word of Mouth marketing model Were extracted using text mining technique. Fitting the model extracted, based on the comments of experts and users of internet sales sites in Iran with the help of a Questionnaire and analysed with statistical tools of least squares. The statistical sample of the second phase Due to the unlimited statistical population it was estimated according to Cochran's formula 384. In order to review and present the final model from the structural equations approach with SmartPLS software was used. The results show that customer interaction, message quality and Customer mental image will have positive and significant impact on the Platform and channel attractiveness of Electronic word of mouth marketing channel, Finally, these two variables will have a positive and significant impact on the Customer behavior and business brand. This model emphasizes new dimensions of variables of the Electronic Word of Mouth marketing model that can be helpful for business owners and marketers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Providing a pattern of digital entrepreneurship in small and medium companies in South Khorasan province During COVID-19
Asma Tavazoeifar Mohim Tash Soheila KeshavarzDuring the Quidd-19 epidemic, the importance of paying attention to digital businesses has increased and the need for the growth and survival of such businesses is to pay attention to competitive advantages. One of these competitive advantages is the innovativeness of b MoreDuring the Quidd-19 epidemic, the importance of paying attention to digital businesses has increased and the need for the growth and survival of such businesses is to pay attention to competitive advantages. One of these competitive advantages is the innovativeness of business products, which is a fundamental and inseparable indicator of the concept of entrepreneurship; Therefore, paying attention to digital entrepreneurship in businesses in the current situation will play a significant role in the economic development of societies; Therefore, the purpose of this study is to Providing a pattern of digital entrepreneurship in small and medium companies in South Khorasan province. This research is a descriptive, survey and correlational research, and in terms of classification based on results and application, it is an applied research. The statistical population of questionnaire 1 consists of experts of companies in Birjand Industrial Town. In order to prioritize the dimensions, components and indicators of the model, Questionnaire was designed that to use hierarchical analysis, senior managers of companies in Birjand Industrial Park were selected as the statistical population. To analyze the data, confirmatory factor analysis and modeling of structural equations with Smart pls software and in order to prioritize the dimensions and components, the method of hierarchical analysis using Expert choice software has been used. The results show that all model indicators affect small and medium enterprises in South Khorasan province. And the most important dimension, component and index of the research model are, respectively, internal organization, organizational capabilities and government support Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Optimal Allocation of Battery Energy Storage in Distribution Network for Maximum Profitability
mohammad rasol jannesar mohsen kalantar A. R. SedighiIn this paper, the optimal allocation of battery energy storage in the distribution network is performed for peak shaving and maximizing profitability. To this end, indicator shave been introduced using hourly load information, feeder upgrade cost and electricity sales MoreIn this paper, the optimal allocation of battery energy storage in the distribution network is performed for peak shaving and maximizing profitability. To this end, indicator shave been introduced using hourly load information, feeder upgrade cost and electricity sales price to various tariffs. Then, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the indicators are weighted and a suitable feeder is indicated for installing energy storage. Then, to achieve the maximum possible peak shaving and maximize profit, an economic objective function is defined to determine the optimal sizing and charge-discharge of the energy storage. The objective function includes the investment and operating cost of battery energy storage and the profits of energy arbitrage, deferring facility investment, environmental issues, and reducing the upstream access cost. Appropriate constraints are considered according to the peak shaving, range of battery power and energy capacity as well as balance in the amount of charge and discharge. Due to the nonlinearity of the objective function, the components involved in the nonlinearity of the objective function are determined according to the heuristic algorithms (Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), and Tabu Search (TS)) and then the objective function is solved by the Interior-point linear programming. The results provide the most suitable battery type and optimization method among the introduced batteries and methods while fulfilling the objectives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Legal Study of Dynamic Pricing Strategy in Companies Providing Intelligent Transportation Services with Emphasis on Snapp Application
Mansour Amini Sadegh SayyadiE-commerce means using electronic tools in the process of doing new business. This type of business, as a link between technologies and the business market, has created a stable market for the employment of different groups. Some modern businesses have developed new ele MoreE-commerce means using electronic tools in the process of doing new business. This type of business, as a link between technologies and the business market, has created a stable market for the employment of different groups. Some modern businesses have developed new electronic tools that make them different from other businesses. Intelligent agents, which act as tools for technology-driven companies, are responsible for the dynamic pricing of their products and services. In this pricing model, which is often done completely without the intervention of human operators and automatically (intelligently), electronic tools price by analyzing various factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status and legal effects of this pricing model in companies providing intelligent transportation services. The present article has been done by analytical-descriptive and library methods. Dynamic pricing model has advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional model; Advantages: 1- Transparency in Costs Declaration, 2- Facilitates and Accelerates the provision of Transportation Services, 3- Reduces Costs. Disadvantages: 1- Absolute authority of the company in determining and paying costs to drivers, 2- Impossibility and unpredictability of monitoring the design and performance of applications of companies that use this pricing model, 3- Lack of appropriate and specific laws and regulations for possible violations. Based on the findings of this study, the existing regulations are not sufficient to address the challenges and possible violations in relation to the dynamic pricing model, and it is necessary to review and amend the regulations and formulate appropriate solutions in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Provide a B2C e-commerce Pattern with an emphasis on Sharing Economy
Fazel Bazrafshan Jamshid Edalatian Shahriari Nosratollah ShadnoushToday, business to customer e-commerce systems are the most important business systems in providing services and goods to customers. Startups in these systems need methods to be able to expand their market to respond appropriately to customers. One of the recent innovat MoreToday, business to customer e-commerce systems are the most important business systems in providing services and goods to customers. Startups in these systems need methods to be able to expand their market to respond appropriately to customers. One of the recent innovations to develop services and goods in startups is the use of sharing economy. sharing economy in B2C startups make better use of facilities and resources and helps them to reduce transaction costs and improve productivity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present a B2C e-commerce model with an emphasis on sharing economy in startups, which was done in combination. The present research is fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation based on the method. In the first step, effective factors were identified based on content analysis and interviews with 15 academic experts. The output of this stage was 14 components in 3 dimensions (technology, social and economic). Then, in the second step, the identified dimensions were graded by interpretive structural method and clustered by Mikmak analysis, which was analyzed using Excel software. Interpretive structural results showed that the components are in 10 levels, also Micmac analysis showed that the components (trust- collaboration- product- communication quality- economic factor) in the dependent cluster, components (website usability- availability- obligation- sharing information- information quality) in the link cluster and components (social value- security- infrastructure-customization) are also in the independent cluster. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Legal aspects of network marketing (MLM)in iran with pyramid schemes in comparison with America Federal Trade
hamid samadifard farshid teyebiIn practice , we are dealing with two types of network marketing , first network marketing and other pyramid schemes , which are the vast majority of the second type , which is illegal in most countries . From the United States Federal Trade Organization perspective , MoreIn practice , we are dealing with two types of network marketing , first network marketing and other pyramid schemes , which are the vast majority of the second type , which is illegal in most countries . From the United States Federal Trade Organization perspective , the marketing plan is a very good way to sell products and services by distributors . Although this type of market includes new economic activities , which can be incorporated into an independent contract without being incorporated under the title of one of the contarct, it may have a few similarities with such as rent , peace , sale of law , and can be introduced , but each may have problems . In this study , it has been tried primarily to describe this form of marketing and the distinction of two healthy and unhealthy types , then the healthy type that is legally reviewed by matching the aspect of jurisprudence and the rules of the Federal Convention Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Providing an e-learning pattern for Tejarat Bank managers
Seyede zahra sadat Kiyaei fatemeh hamidi far baharak shirzad kebriaThe purpose of this research is to provide an e-learning pattern for Tejarat Bank managers. This research is qualitative and quantitative (exploratory mix) in terms of applied purpose, in terms of how to collect data. The sample size in the qualitative to theoretical sa MoreThe purpose of this research is to provide an e-learning pattern for Tejarat Bank managers. This research is qualitative and quantitative (exploratory mix) in terms of applied purpose, in terms of how to collect data. The sample size in the qualitative to theoretical saturation section was 21 people and in the quantitative section according to Morgan table from the 300 managers of Tejarat Bank headquarters in the five districts of Tehran, 169 people were selected and distributed by stratified random sampling questionnaire. The researcher-made questionnaire in the form of 6 dimensions of paradigm model consisted of 19 components and 147 indicators. In order to identify and confirm the measurement factors, the validity of the questionnaire was tested separately for each dimension by first-order confirmation factor analysis (dimensions consisting of two components) and second-order (dimensions consisting of more than two components). The results show that confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the quantitative results of the Strauss and Corbin Foundation data model to a large extent and the e-learning model of Tejarat Bank managers with 6 dimensions, 19 components and 134 indicators was obtained. Including cultural readiness, technical readiness, educational readiness, environmental readiness; Causal factors include human factors, educational structure and policies, management; Interfering factors include individual approaches, managerial approaches; Strategies included educational approaches, pedagogical and andragogical approaches, educational assessment and evaluation, ease of access, targeted educational quality, innovation and creativity, integrated management and finally the consequences included educational success and meritocracy, foresight, increasing effectiveness and improving organizational performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - electronic commerce derivations in Islamic Law; with reference to the Quran and Sonna
پرویز باقریObjective(s): Using new technologies in the field of commerce especially by means of the Internet has made a new kind of conducting business namely electronic commerce (e-commerce). Many Muslims are wondering whether this new form of commerce is applicable in Islamic co MoreObjective(s): Using new technologies in the field of commerce especially by means of the Internet has made a new kind of conducting business namely electronic commerce (e-commerce). Many Muslims are wondering whether this new form of commerce is applicable in Islamic commercial law. The objective of the paper is to find the legality and acceptability of e-commerce law in Islamic law. Although Islamic law does not contain all the word for word provisions governing the commercial conducts but the Islamic doctrine under circumstances has let conducting business in any type whether electronic or physical. Method: The research method will be legal context analysis and library study. At the meantime descriptive-analytical method is applied considering the historical guidelines. Result: The researcher tries to scrutinize issues on the legality of e-commerce in Islam by the use of the Quran and Sunnah (Hadith) to expose to Muslims throughout the world that they can benefit from this new technology. Conclusion: The paper is going to discuss about the way in which the Muslims should conduct themselves vis a vis their fellow human beings, especially in the context of e-commerce or business. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Economic Diplomacy and Islamic Republic of Iran’s Accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO)
Sayed Mohammad Mousavi dehmourdi Vahid BozorgiInternational Institutions, though one of key global actors and topics of International Studies, are rarely studied by focusing on the internal processes of change. A justification for lack of research could be the challenges in quantifying internal changes and processe MoreInternational Institutions, though one of key global actors and topics of International Studies, are rarely studied by focusing on the internal processes of change. A justification for lack of research could be the challenges in quantifying internal changes and processes. Hence, the proliferation of qualitative takes relying on personal analysis. Given the importance of cooperation groups in global governance, this article asks what is the degree of change in the process of expansion of G5 into G20? Utilising quantitative and mathematical methods, the study offers an equation based on data provided by the World Back. The equation proves a model to analyse track-records, which seemingly suggests highest performance by G7 and lowest for G8 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Economic Diplomacy and Islamic Republic of Iran’s Accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO)
Sayed Mohammad Mousavi dehmourdi Vahid BozorgiThe Islamic Republic of Iran’s Accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) is bound to have significant benefits for domestic economy and foreign trade. The decision to join in 1996 and ensuing efforts since then were hindered by internal challenges and internatio MoreThe Islamic Republic of Iran’s Accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) is bound to have significant benefits for domestic economy and foreign trade. The decision to join in 1996 and ensuing efforts since then were hindered by internal challenges and international oppositions, notably by the Untied States. Internally, some are against the accession because they believe it is detrimental to economic and trade interest of the country in, at least, short-term. Another obstacle is lack of skilled and experienced diplomats with expertise in economic affairs. Despite trainings and educations offered by responsible entities, Iran still lacks a seasoned diplomatic corps to engage in high-level international negotiations. This article investigates Islamic Republic of Iran’s endeavours in economic diplomacy to facilitate its accession to the WTO. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Constructive interaction of the World Trade Organization with developing countries
Mahdi Sadeghi Shahdani Amir Kargar Ali JavanjafariThe consequences of the accession and non-accession of the developing countries to the World Trade Organization have been stated in many articles, which point to the inefficiency of this organization and the political and economic power of developed countries and their MoreThe consequences of the accession and non-accession of the developing countries to the World Trade Organization have been stated in many articles, which point to the inefficiency of this organization and the political and economic power of developed countries and their influence on the decisions of this organization. Research Assuming that the process of globalization and increasing membership of countries in the World Trade Organization is upward, we consider the membership of many of them in this organization to be inevitable; However, since some of the goals of this organization are the same as the economic goals of developing countries, it is possible to use effective and timely policies to interact effectively and achieve goals such as the efficient and equitable exploitation of nature. New benefits and opportunities for all were eradicated, eradicating poverty, corruption and discrimination in the country, and maintaining economic independence. For this reason, there is a need to review and adapt this organization to the economic foundations of these countries. The research question is what are the benefits and costs of membership in this organization for developing countries? what steps should they take to maximize opportunities and minimize membership costs? According to the descriptive-analytical approach and based on some theoretical assumptions of international economics and understanding the atmosphere of this organization, we will reach the hypothesis that this organization, considering the influence of developed countries in establishing fair and effective trade relations, It is inefficient, but with some flexible policies and regulations, costs can be minimized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The impact of the expansion of economic and trade relations between China and Europe on EU-US relations
Kamran Rabani sadrAlthough the People's Republic of China and the European Union have deep differences on issues such as the position of the state in the Chinese economy and human rights, it must be acknowledged that in recent years the two sides have enjoyed the most dynamic and complem MoreAlthough the People's Republic of China and the European Union have deep differences on issues such as the position of the state in the Chinese economy and human rights, it must be acknowledged that in recent years the two sides have enjoyed the most dynamic and complementary economies. They have engaged in global integration, bringing to the fore significant strategic cooperation. It is worth noting that the cooperation between FEMA, which has been more than any other factor in trade and direct economic investment, in turn has led to a large impact on the type of US-EU relations between Beijing and the EU. The question posed by the author of the leading research with a descriptive-analytical approach and based on the theoretical assumptions of liberal institutionalism seeks to answer why it is arranged in such a way that the visible and hidden effects of expanding economic and trade relations between China and the EU on How is the relationship between the United States and the European Union assessed? The hypothesis raised by the above question suggests that, on the one hand, the emphasis on a multilateral system based on international law has led to a common commitment between Chinese and European officials, and that, on the other hand, President Trump has chosen a strategy. Protectionism and withdrawal from trade agreements have emphasized that Europe's relations with Washington have largely cooled. The result of the transformation that has taken place is that the strengthening of Sino-EU relations has weakened EU-US relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The impact of the expansion of economic and trade relations between China and Europe on EU-US relations
Kamran Rabani sadr Hakem ghasemi Majid BozorgmehriAlthough the People's Republic of China and the European Union have deep differences on issues such as the position of the state in the Chinese economy and human rights, it must be acknowledged that in recent years the two sides have enjoyed the most dynamic and complem MoreAlthough the People's Republic of China and the European Union have deep differences on issues such as the position of the state in the Chinese economy and human rights, it must be acknowledged that in recent years the two sides have enjoyed the most dynamic and complementary economies. They have engaged in global integration, bringing to the fore significant strategic cooperation. It is worth noting that the cooperation between FEMA, which has been more than any other factor in trade and direct economic investment, in turn has led to a large impact on the type of US-EU relations between Beijing and the EU. The question posed by the author of the leading research with a descriptive-analytical approach and based on the theoretical assumptions of liberal institutionalism seeks to answer why it is arranged in such a way that the visible and hidden effects of expanding economic and trade relations between China and the EU on How is the relationship between the United States and the European Union assessed? The hypothesis raised by the above question suggests that, on the one hand, the emphasis on a multilateral system based on international law has led to a common commitment between Chinese and European officials, and that, on the other hand, President Trump has chosen a strategy. Protectionism and withdrawal from trade agreements have emphasized that Europe's relations with Washington have largely cooled. The result of the transformation that has taken place is that the strengthening of Sino-EU relations has weakened EU-US relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - The process of China's accession to the World Trade Organization
Masood Kamali ArdakaniBy adopting an open door policy in the 1970s, China gradually became an emerging power in the international arena, increasing its economic power, and now is a major player in the political arena, challenging the interests of the great powers. The process of economic ref MoreBy adopting an open door policy in the 1970s, China gradually became an emerging power in the international arena, increasing its economic power, and now is a major player in the political arena, challenging the interests of the great powers. The process of economic reform in China changed dramatically in the mid-1980s (before joining the World Trade Organization) and this development can be well seen in the trade performance of thiseconomy. China is now a major player in international trade, both in terms of imports and exports. Moving from the older methods of import planning to issuing import licenses and then using customs tariffs, the market mechanism and price have a special place as the most important determining factors in China's future relations with the rest of the world. In view of the above, the author of the present work seeks to answer the strategic question: what are the hidden goals of the People's Republic of China through its accession to the World Trade Organization? The hypothesis that can be posed against this question is that Meanwhile, China's accession to the World Trade Organization as part of China's economic reform process has enabled them to consolidate the benefits of the trade reform process pursued by the Chinese government in the two decades before accession and to lay the groundwork for future reforms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - An Analysis of WTO Reform Process
Mahmoodreza Jalili Mehdi FakheriWorld Trade Organization reform has been discussed since its establishment. Issues such as the reform of special and differential treatment and also the reform of the consensus decision-making system have been among the most important cases of attention. The constant co MoreWorld Trade Organization reform has been discussed since its establishment. Issues such as the reform of special and differential treatment and also the reform of the consensus decision-making system have been among the most important cases of attention. The constant conflict between developed and developing countries, which led to the collapse of the Doha Round negotiations and the failure of the reforms debate in WTO, can be attributed to the different perspectives of these two country groups on the main purpose of WTO. Developed countries believe that the final aim of WTO is to facilitate free trade between countries, they also demand that WTO should expand free trade to e-commerce and intellectual property. On the other hand, developing countries believe the final goal of the WTO is to accelerate the development of all countries. They also expect WTO to announce the approval of an overall result of the Doha Development Round negotiations as a precondition for new negotiations of WTO reform. In addition, after the U.S crisis in WTO Dispute Settlement Body (DSB), the reform of DSB has become one of the most challenging pillars of the WTO reform process. Making consensus in the decisions has faced a deadlock in the decision-making mechanism of WTO. For instance, some of the recent issues in international trade, such as e-commerce have created different conditions in WTO in comparison to time WTO was established. Furthermore, in recent years some events like the Coronavirus pandemic and changing of the president of the United States, have made WTO reform inevitable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - A review of the literature and future directions in the functional development of sustainability in the tourism industry
SHAHRAM RAFIEI NAEINI Atena Herfehgar Mitra Hosseinpour Sharafshad Mahbube JurjaniIn recent decades, the outlook for economic activities in the tourism and hospitality industries has been increasingly unstable. Despite the high number of articles published in sustainability science with different approaches and topics, it has been extremely scattered MoreIn recent decades, the outlook for economic activities in the tourism and hospitality industries has been increasingly unstable. Despite the high number of articles published in sustainability science with different approaches and topics, it has been extremely scattered. The purpose of the preliminary review is to provide a structured overview of published articles related to the evaluation of sustainability performance in the tourism and hospitality industry and documentation in terms of the current state of the literature, categorization of published articles, analysis and linking to the studied trends. and also, to highlight gaps and provide scientific research recommendations. The method and investigation in this proposed research include two consecutive methodological steps. First, how to identify articles as a data collection approach and then how to analyze these articles. In this article, the results show that the sustainability assessment models in the tourism and hospitality industry should be more balanced, criteria and relationships should be defined in an appropriate way, and the subjectivity of subjective criteria inherent in sustainability indicators should be considered. To deal with this mentality, other analytical methods and group decision-making techniques can be used that can deal with uncertainty, conflicting indicators and linguistic evaluations and can be used in future works. By presenting research gaps, this review encourages researchers to develop practically applicable sustainability performance assessment frameworks to help assess and compare the degree of sustainability and lead to more sustainable business practices. This review defines the sustainability performance assessment of tourism and hospitality companies for the first time, examines the gap between sustainability accounting and sustainability assessment, and provides a structured overview of innovative research recommendations on the integration of analytical assessment methods into unique sustainability conceptual frameworks provides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Designing a model for accepting digital currencies in intercompany e-commerce under international sanctions
maziar fekri samad alii morteza mahmoodzadeh hakimeh niky esfahlanThe main purpose of this research is to design a model for accepting digital currencies in inter-company electronic commerce under the conditions of international sanctions. Based on the nature and method, the current research is a descriptive-survey research with a mix MoreThe main purpose of this research is to design a model for accepting digital currencies in inter-company electronic commerce under the conditions of international sanctions. Based on the nature and method, the current research is a descriptive-survey research with a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) approach. The statistical sample included 12 experts in the qualitative section and the senior and middle managers of 50 commercial companies in the quantitative section, from which a sample of 110 people was selected using Cochran's formula. The data collection tools in the qualitative part include semi-structured interviews and in the quantitative part include questionnaires. Data analysis was done in a qualitative method with a database approach and MAXQDA software. Validation of the model was done with partial least squares technique and SmartPLS software. In relation to the causal conditions, two categories of factors including organizational and sub-factors were considered. In relation to the background conditions, three categories of factors including political impact, social structure and economic impact were identified. Intervening factors include features of the economic, legal, cultural and political environment. The central phenomenon is the acceptance of digital currencies. Regarding strategies, educational, supportive and social strategies were identified. Identified outcomes include increased financial profits, and organizational climate and greater performance and productivity. The results of the quantitative part showed that the research paradigm model has high validity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - A framework for architecture the electronic trust in e-commerce:online shopping segment
amir Mohtarami Akbar aminiToday, e-commerce is rapidly expanding as a way of doing business in the modern world due to its advantages and benefits. The purpose of this study is to extract dimensions and criteria for providing electronic trust arrangements in B2C services, improving the internal MoreToday, e-commerce is rapidly expanding as a way of doing business in the modern world due to its advantages and benefits. The purpose of this study is to extract dimensions and criteria for providing electronic trust arrangements in B2C services, improving the internal processes of the business environment, and also determining the importance and priority of each criterion to ensure electronic trust in order to gain the trust and satisfaction of the customer. A mixed method of research is employed includes: litrature review, field study and opinion gathering alongside of statistical techniques. The statistical population includes all expert customers of online stores in the city of Tehran, among which random sampling has been done. Questions in the context of the electronic trust and provision of e-business services and their priority in relation to each other, are discussed through inferential statistics. The results of the data analysis show that there is a meaningful relationship between the 12 criteria identified and customer's trust. The results obtained in the context of the conceptual framework show the impact of three dimensions of psychological, technical and legal, according to the criteria and indicators of electronic trust Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Analytical Study Of The Differences Between The 1956 And 1976 Rent Laws And Their Advantages And Disadvantages
Fateme Farad_e_falsafiThe right to goodwill and the right to acquire or trade are among the most important issues related to rent, which have a very important place in legal and economic issues. The change and evolution of this legal institution and the legislation in relation to them have a MoreThe right to goodwill and the right to acquire or trade are among the most important issues related to rent, which have a very important place in legal and economic issues. The change and evolution of this legal institution and the legislation in relation to them have always caused sensitivity and controversy. Finally, I will briefly present what we conclude in this thesis as follows: What is clear is that the majority of jurists agree on this matter that the right to acquire or trade is a financial right that is different from goodwill that is realized for the tenant of the place of business or trade and its collection by the tenant depends on the mention of it. It is not in the contract. But its realization depends on the material and immaterial elements of the merchant's or professional's capital, or in other words, one of the components of the business. This right is based on a series of material and spiritual principles and criteria that merchants or artisans use in order to meet the needs of their customers. In this research, we intend to examine the differences between the goodwill of the 1956 law and the 1976 law and its advantages and disadvantages in the form of a library. Manuscript profile
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