Place

Open Access Article

1 - Using a Hybrid PSO-GA Method for Capacitor Placement in Distribution Systems
mohammadmahdi Varahram amir mohammadi

In this paper, we have proposed a new algorithm which combines PSO and GA in such a way that the new algorithm is more effective and efficient.The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has shown rapid convergence during the initial stages of a global search but ar More

In this paper, we have proposed a new algorithm which combines PSO and GA in such a way that the new algorithm is more effective and efficient.The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has shown rapid convergence during the initial stages of a global search but around global optimum, the search process will become very slow. On the other hand, genetic algorithm is very sensitive to the initial population. In fact, the random nature of the GA operators makes the algorithm sensitive to the initial population. This dependence to the initial population is in such a manner that the algorithm may not converge if the initial population is not well selected. This new algorithm can perform faster and does not depend on initial population and can find optimal solutions with acceptable accuracy. Optimal capacitor placement and sizing have been found using this hybrid PSO-GA algorithm. We have also found the optimal place and size of capacitors using GA and PSO separately and compared the results. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Routing improvement to control congestion in software defined networks by using distributed controllers
saied bakhtiyari Ardeshir Azarnejad

Software defined networks (SDNs) are flexible for use in determining network traffic routing because they separate data plane and control plane. One of the major challenges facing SDNs is choosing the right locations to place and distribute controllers; in such a way th More

Software defined networks (SDNs) are flexible for use in determining network traffic routing because they separate data plane and control plane. One of the major challenges facing SDNs is choosing the right locations to place and distribute controllers; in such a way that the delay between controllers and switches in wide area networks can be reduced. In this regard, most of the proposed methods have focused on reducing latency. But latency is just one factor in network efficiency and overall cost reduction between controllers and related switches. This article examines more factors to reduce the cost between controllers and switches, such as communication link traffic. In this regard, a cluster-based algorithm is provided for network segmentation. Using this algorithm, it can be ensured that each part of the network can reduce the maximum cost (including delays and traffic on links) between the controller and its related switches. In this paper, using Topology Zoo, extensive simulations have been performed under real network topologies. The results of the simulations show that when the probability of congestion in the network increases, the proposed algorithm has been able to control the congestion in the network by identifying the bottleneck links in the communication paths of each node with other nodes. Therefore, considering the two criteria of delay and the degree of busyness of the links, the process of placing and distributing the controllers in the clustering operation has been done with higher accuracy. By doing so, the maximum end-to-end cost between each controller and its related switches, in the topologies Chinanet of China, Uunet of the United States, DFN of Germany, and Rediris of Spain, is decreased 41.2694%, 29.2853%, 21.3805% and 46.2829% respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Analyzing the Regional and Global Consequences of Syria's Geopolitical Crisis (With emphasis on the crisis of refugees)
hadi zarghani

The geopolitical crisis, to dispute and and countries conflict and political-spatial groups And political actors To control and seize one or more values And the geographical factor is called. Syrian crisis as a geopolitical crisis, While the sixth year (2017) it passes More

The geopolitical crisis, to dispute and and countries conflict and political-spatial groups And political actors To control and seize one or more values And the geographical factor is called. Syrian crisis as a geopolitical crisis, While the sixth year (2017) it passes himself. According to the UN High Commissioner, The worst global crisis is in the past 25 years. . This crisis has many consequences and consequences, In various dimensions to Syria and to regional and trans-regional countries. One of the most important consequences, displaced more than half of the Syrian population of 23 million(About 13.5 million), Inside and outside the borders of this country. The present paper uses a descriptive-analytical approach and utilizes library data to seek to answer this question. The displacement of this massive population inside Syria And their invasion of What a consequence And consequence for them And host countries Has brought. . The findings of the research show that in the regional dimension and outside the region, respectively, countries: Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq and Egypt, the European Union (Germany, Austria and Switzerland ...) and the United States, the main host of the Syrian refugees. Apart from the reaction (positive or negative) and the political exploitation of some of these countries (such as Turkey and Jordan), Each of them has somehow been affected by the crisis. . Therefore, in the overall assessment of this paper, the effects of the crisis on host countries in five dimensions: Social, economic, political, security and cultural is Analyze and explain. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Environmental Security Evaluation Using Space Syntax Theory and Place-Check Technique; Case Study: Saraseyb Neighborhood
Mehdi Mirmini Samaneh Jalili Sadrabad

Security has always been one of the most important human needs, this notion is defined once a person is present in an urban space. Therefore, the physical aspects of the city play an important role in its quality. One of the leading approaches to reducing crime, and con More

Security has always been one of the most important human needs, this notion is defined once a person is present in an urban space. Therefore, the physical aspects of the city play an important role in its quality. One of the leading approaches to reducing crime, and consequently increasing security, is CPTED, which was inspired by Jane Jacobs's "Eyes on the Street" and Oscar Newman's "Defenseless Spaces" theories. But these theories have neglected addressing the quality of people's presence in the community and its relation with security issues. Bill Hayler's Space Syntax theory examines this phenomenon as a relation to co-presence of citizens. For this purpose, the present paper first examines the environmental security in Sarasiab neighborhood of Tehran using a checklist, based on the CPTED principles and strategies. Then, using Depth Map software, the neighborhood map has been extracted and the impact of space syntax on its environmental security has been evaluated. The results of the above findings, which have been gathered in the SWOT table, indicate a low level of environmental security in the Sarasiab neighborhood. For this reason, it has come up with the necessary suggestions for promoting environmental safety in the form of strategic design principles. Finally, modeling the impact of proposed physical changes to improve spatial configuration, interconnection and environmental security has been carries out. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Analyzing access to sport places in district 20th of Tehran Municipality
Habibollah fasihi

Today sport is interrelated to modern urban lifestyles. In order to develop sports and physical activity and promote active lifestyle, three important goals, called the three A, are in attention that the first is to improve accessibility. In this paper by using buffer t More

Today sport is interrelated to modern urban lifestyles. In order to develop sports and physical activity and promote active lifestyle, three important goals, called the three A, are in attention that the first is to improve accessibility. In this paper by using buffer technique in GIS, the index of per capita access and a descriptive-analytical method Access to sports venues in the 20th district of Tehran has been analyzed. Findings of the research showed that the average per capita access to sports places was 0.6 m2, the maximum was 0.8 and at least 0.027 m2.The access rates is much lower from the global standards and the rates proposed for the Iranian cities But it is somewhat more favorable than Tehran's average. Apart from the general lack of per capita access, many inequalities are evident at the level of the study area. Although the entire area is accessible to sports venues, parts are only accessible to 1 sport place while in some parts the area access of 13 sport places are overlapped. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Qualitative Desirability Presentation of Urban Pedestrian way with People-Space Unification Approach (Case Study: Zanjan Sabze Meydan pedestrian way)
mohamad taghi heydari shahram mohamadi

Urban space is involved with social strategies and this has made it a social phenomenon more than its physical aspects. In this regard, planning and design of people-oriented urban spaces has been traceable from the viewpoints of experts in this field since the beginnin More

Urban space is involved with social strategies and this has made it a social phenomenon more than its physical aspects. In this regard, planning and design of people-oriented urban spaces has been traceable from the viewpoints of experts in this field since the beginning of urban planning knowledge. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the desirability of Zanjan Sabze Meydan pedestrian way from the perspective of unification between people and space and determining the factors affecting the desirability presentation of Zanjan Sabze Meydan pedestrian way. The research method is descriptive and analytical and has been done through library and survey studies. The statistical sample of the study consisted of 120 walking citizens in Zanjan Sabze Meydan pedestrian way Area. Preparation and processing of required data was done by SPSS, ArcGis and lisrel software. The results show that the most of the indicators are moving towards instability and relativity and the most important strategy for Sabze Meydan pedestrian way desirability is to create environmental well-being through the development of health and safety on Sabze Maydan pedestrian way. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - mythical places in folktales
Sara Chalak

Mythical thought is a kind of worldview that has always saved his situation in humans mind. Mythical idea introduce itself by divide the phenomena of the world into sacred and unholy. Locality is an important mythical subject that differ from modern man’s thinking about More

Mythical thought is a kind of worldview that has always saved his situation in humans mind. Mythical idea introduce itself by divide the phenomena of the world into sacred and unholy. Locality is an important mythical subject that differ from modern man’s thinking about place. Mythical place differ from its surrounding because it is sacred. It may be an archetype like mount or fountain, or may be it has become sacred because of the unworldly object. It has influential power to characters.it can change characters. Folktale as an old type of oral literature contain the insight, philosophic thought and life style of past human being. One of the mythical subject in folktales is locality. This places cause of the relationship with the transcendental affairs, consider as a mythical place. Most of characters in folktale, change mentally by being there and their destiny change. In this article, we tried to use the theories of great mythologists such as Mircea Eliade and Ernest Cassirer to analyze e few sets of folktales. For this purpose, the places such as mount, fountain, sea, river, garden, well were investigated.and their mythical modality was examined. my research method in this article is descriptive and analithical. . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The legal status of possessions in the parliament
Javad Vahidizadeh seyyedeh maryam asadinejad

Although sale contract is a binding and uncancellable contract, if the seller and buyer sign the sale contract in a meeting place, as long as they are in the meeting place they can cancel the contract without explanation of their reason. In fact, it is the application o More

Although sale contract is a binding and uncancellable contract, if the seller and buyer sign the sale contract in a meeting place, as long as they are in the meeting place they can cancel the contract without explanation of their reason. In fact, it is the application of the meeting place contract that creates such a right for the parties. Nevertheless, the buyer and seller can exclude the “meeting place option” through including a condition in the contract or by leaving the meeting place or separation of the parties or the seizure of the sold item/price. As there is a difference of opinions among the jurists as regards the mode of dissolution that is the goal of “meeting place option”, the jurists are also divided on the the seizure of the sold item/price of the option because the separation of parties and the seizure of the sold item/price are two sides of the same coin. Some jurists believe that the seizure of the sold item/price may result in the cancellation of option but some others would even imply the implementation of the option of meeting place and the bindingness of the contract. In the present essay, after the analysis of the concept of “metting place option”, we discuss the conditions of the realization of metting place option as well as those occasions that lead to the cancellation of the meeting place option and the finalization of the sale contract. Moreover, our study of the public notion of the seizure of the sold item/price renders it clear that option belongs to the contract not to the exchanged items. Also the material seizures that takes place being informed of the existence of the option leads to the cancellation of the meeting place option but such modes of seizure like selling or leasing the sold item by the seller might be understood as an act of actual cancellation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Evaluation of the impacts of the quality of urban third places on residents’ sense of place; Case Study: Cultural Pedestrian Zone in Rasht
Ali akbar Salari pour Hamid Ramezani mehrdad mehrjou Negin Ghorban zadeh

The attraction of the city is that the city frees people from the norms that are tightly felt in their personal space and allows people to learn about themselves and others. The key to the success of social life is that people are safe in places where they feel comforta More

The attraction of the city is that the city frees people from the norms that are tightly felt in their personal space and allows people to learn about themselves and others. The key to the success of social life is that people are safe in places where they feel comfortable and have time to spend their time and continuously replace their essential activities with selective activities (activities that enjoy doing them). In general, one of the objectives of pedestrian street construction plans is to create a space for various social, cultural and tourism activities and to increase interactions and social participation.The purpose of this research is to organize the third places in urban spaces (the municipality of Rasht) to enhance the sense of belonging to the place. This subject has been measured in the municipality square of Rasht by assessing the indicators (sense of belonging, attendance, interoperability, evaluation of festivals and cultural events, and overall project evaluation). The method of research and gathering documentary and analytical information were based on the distribution of 350 questionnaires among the statistical population. In the inferential findings for research information analysis, one-sample t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. The results show that the condition of the municipality of Rasht with considering such indicators (sense of belonging, attendance, interoperability, and overall evaluation of the project) is relatively fair, but the attitude and assessment of projects and cultural events according to the degree of desire in Participation and holding of festivals are relatively low and require more serious planning and attention. The results of the correlation coefficient show that there are positive and meaningful statistical relationships between all indices. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The Impact of Megamalls on the Neighborhood Identity in Tehran; Case study: Atlas Mall
Esmaeil Shiee Mahsa hajiani

Throughout history, markets have played a major undeniable role in shaping the cultural, national and native identity in Iranian-Islamic cities, so that the urban life is closely associated with the market. However, given recent changes in market dynamics and the emerge More

Throughout history, markets have played a major undeniable role in shaping the cultural, national and native identity in Iranian-Islamic cities, so that the urban life is closely associated with the market. However, given recent changes in market dynamics and the emergence of modern supersized malls, serious concerns are being raised about the impact of these spaces on local identities. That said, the main purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of construction and activity of large-scale shopping centers on the collective identity in general and neighborhood identity in particular. The authors’ primary assumption is that neighborhood (as a level of place identity) is a variable influenced by urban textures and is weakened by elements such as megamalls. Atlas Mall project (under construction) in the Niavaran district was chosen as a case study to investigate this hypothesis. A futurological approach was adopted in the research with a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The current status of neighborhood identity was measured by a survey with a sample of 300 respondents who were the residents of three (immediate) surrounding neighborhoods. Referring to academic expertise, referring to informants and local experts, and also the studies on the impact of three operating shopping centers (Tirazheh, Arg and Kourosh) were used to predict the potential effects of Atlas Mall on the residents’ neighborhood identity. The findings show that the neighborhood identity in the three neighborhoods is strong (above average) and the impact of Atlas Mall on the residents’ identity is associated with (and under the influence of) six other key drivers: consumerism, the presense of foreign brands, modern architecture, traffic and transportation, crowdedness, and the price of real properties. It can be predicted that the impact of Atlas Mall on neighborhood identity will be gradual, so some planning and policy-making efforts can be done, before and after its inauguration, by urban managers or the project managers in order to reduce the impacts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - A Review of the Semantic and Physical Structure of Sacred Places Inviolable Zone; Based on Works of Travel Literatures written from the fifth to the fourteen centuries A.H
Mohamad Saeed izadi Nasim Asgari Shahriar Nasekhian

In Islamic teachings, especially the Shia school of thought, the sanctity of every element is dependent on the divine essence; the closer the element’s attachment, the higher its sanctity. For this reason, the places of worship and sites of pilgrimage cities have for lo More

In Islamic teachings, especially the Shia school of thought, the sanctity of every element is dependent on the divine essence; the closer the element’s attachment, the higher its sanctity. For this reason, the places of worship and sites of pilgrimage cities have for long been revered, attracting those seeking spirituality. It’s unfortunate that in recent times, overlooking the sanctity of sacred places, also called Inviolable Zones (Ha’rim), has led to the disturbance of integrity in the surrounding area and the distortion of the authenticity of these monuments, often with the excuse of urban development and on occasion for facilitating the pilgrimage itself. Undoubtedly, considering and reviewing related documents such as works of travel literature even if in an overall format, can provide a useful framework for the reconsideration of such destructive activities. This research is an effort to examine the semantic and physical structure of the inviolable zone of sacred places by relying on interpretive-historical methods with the inductive approach. It will discuss here, the contexts, literature and illustrated images of 48 pieces of travel literature dating back to fifth to the fourteenth centuries AH. It concludes that these sacred places have been perceived as “symbols and indications of a pilgrimage city” and were “individual and unique in their surrounding area” with due respect for their “integrated cohesion,” while preserving their interaction with the surrounding residential, commercial, educational, and other functions. Such structures were given the “spatial hierarchy” of the unique urban systems in which they were located. The conclusion explains the respect and sanctity regarding both physical and metaphysical aspects while conserving all tangible and intangible elements of the typology of religious heritage throughout the aforementioned era. The physical structure of the inviolable zone of these sacred places can be divided into three different scales: the core zone, the buffer zone and the sacred precinct which indicates that the holy shrines were not only limited to their surroundings but were deemed to emanate sanctity to the entire city. Finally, it should be considered that traditions, rituals and religious values play an active role in creating the semantic structure of the surrounding inviolable zone. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Phenomenological Interpretation of the Sacred Place in Iranian-Islamic Cities based on Presence of The Classical Elements (Case Study: Shrine of Shah Nematollah Vali)
Somaye Talaei ali akbari mahdi hamzenejad

One of the most crucial issues encountering researchers in the field of Iranian-Islamic architecture and urban planning with the aim of preserving and perpetuating cultural values in the present era is the issue of overcoming formal and physical descriptions and gaining More

One of the most crucial issues encountering researchers in the field of Iranian-Islamic architecture and urban planning with the aim of preserving and perpetuating cultural values in the present era is the issue of overcoming formal and physical descriptions and gaining a deep understanding of the nature and essence of the buildings. Since every building is a form of embodiment of ideas and worldviews of its builders and is additionally a metaphor of their existence in the world, a correct understanding of the building can enable the reproduction of historical identity in the present era. The purpose of this study is to analyze the structure of the tomb of Shah Nematollah Vali based on these assumptions that the ontological implications of the elements can be explained as meaningful signs of the structure of their interrelationship. In the present study, the philosophical foundation of research is interpretivism; the research approach is qualitative, and the analysis method is phenomenological. In analyzing the experience of space and the relationship between the building and the city, the following three assumptions were examined: 1. the hierarchy of spatial relations from the urban space to the dome creates a sense of spirituality in individuals. 2. The presence of four Classic Elements in successive spaces affects users' perception of space as a sacred one. 3. The presence of four Classic Elements as meaningful signs in the space increases the sense of place in pilgrims. To examine the above assumptions by analyzing the lived experience of people in the building, a questionnaire with 20 questions was prepared and distributed among 85 pilgrims and specialists. Data analysis shows that the manner and extent of the presence of four Classic Elements in consecutive scenes of the shrine of Shah Nematollah Vali, has a significant relationship with the perception of mystical meanings and spiritual journeys in the minds of the people and leads them to experience a different perceptual quality in each courtyard. And be more prepared to reach the shrine and pilgrimage at any moment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The nature of attachment to the traditional Iranian neighborhood (Mahalleh): A qualitative study of Ekhtiarieh
samaneh khabiri mohamadreza pourjafar mohamadsaeed izadi

Neighborhood in the Iranian cities plays a critical role in the construction of personal and collective identity, place attachment and place belonging. Such neighborhoods during the rapid urbanization and modern urban planning ideas have undergone changes in the spatial More

Neighborhood in the Iranian cities plays a critical role in the construction of personal and collective identity, place attachment and place belonging. Such neighborhoods during the rapid urbanization and modern urban planning ideas have undergone changes in the spatial structure and social organization over the past several decades leading to disruptions in peoples’ psychological bonds with their neighborhoods and accordingly decline in social participation, social capital and local identities. According to a survey conducted by the Tehran Municipality (2017), Ekhtiarieh is one of the top ten neighborhoods in Tehran, where a high level of neighborhood attachment and relatively high residential stability have been recorded. This article seeks to identify the psychological nature of this bond by studying the lived experience of the residents of Ekhtiarieh and to identify the components that affect the construction of the attachment to the neighborhood. Therefore, the qualitative inquiry and the grounded theory methodology adopted. Using purposeful and theoretical sampling techniques, 24 residents were selected as participants in the research through the process of the data collection and analysis. In-depth interview, open questionnaire and cognitive mapping have been used for data collection and data analysis was performed simultaneously using open, axial and selective coding.Findings show that attachment to the neighborhood is experienced as the sense of home on the neighborhood level and has emotional, perceptual-cognitive and behavioral dimensions. Participants with high level of neighborhood attachment experience an array of emotions namely pride, psychological well-being and sense of belonging and membership. Attachment to the neighborhood is also experienced through maturity of person-place bond, formation of the social self, transformation in the place meanings, territoriality, and the psychological ownership of neighborhood. Analyses of lived experience of Residents shows neighborhood attachment is associated with the specific behaviors namely adaptive proximity seeking patterns, collective action, seeking similarity and affiliation. Attachment to the home, self-continuity, place identity, visual-auditory pleasantness, neighborhood status, places and events connecting people, perceived responsiveness of neighborhood, and place and community stability are factors promoting attachment to the neighborhood. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Improving imperialist competitive algorithm for solving the nodes placement problem in three-dimensional grid wireless sensor networks
Sayed Wafa Barkhoda Hemmat Sheikhi sudabeh mohammadi

One of the basic and important research fields in wireless sensor networks is how to place sensor nodes where by using minimum number of sensor nodes all target points are covered and all sensor nodes are connected to the sink. In this paper, a novel method based on imp More

One of the basic and important research fields in wireless sensor networks is how to place sensor nodes where by using minimum number of sensor nodes all target points are covered and all sensor nodes are connected to the sink. In this paper, a novel method based on imperialist competitive algorithm is used for solving the mentioned problem. In the proposed method, a colony can immigrate from a weak empire to more powerful empire. The idea of immigration is inspired from human society in which a human can emigrate from a country to another country. The network is supposed to be a three-dimensional grid network and the sensor nodes can be only placed at cross-points of the grids while the target points can be deployed at each point of three-dimensional space. The simulation results show that the proposed method uses fewer number of sensor nodes than other similar algorithms and has the less running time. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Facial Expression Recognition Using Texture Description of Displacement Image
Hamid Sadeghi Abolghasem Asadollah Raie Mohammad Reza Mohammadi

10.7508/jist.2014.04.002

In recent years, facial expression recognition, as an interesting problem in computer vision has been performed by means of static and dynamic methods. Dynamic information plays an important role in recognizing facial expression. However, using the entire dynamic inform More

In recent years, facial expression recognition, as an interesting problem in computer vision has been performed by means of static and dynamic methods. Dynamic information plays an important role in recognizing facial expression. However, using the entire dynamic information in the expression image sequences is of higher computational cost compared to the static methods. To reduce the computational cost, instead of entire image sequence, only neutral and emotional faces can be employed. In the previous research, this idea was used by means of DLBPHS method in which facial important small displacements were vanished by subtracting LBP features of neutral and emotional face images. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to utilize two face images. In the proposed method, the face component displacements are highlighted by subtracting neutral image from emotional image; then, LBP features are extracted from the difference image. The proposed method is evaluated on standard databases and the results show a signiﬁcant accuracy improvement compared to DLBPHS. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - A New Set Covering Controller Placement Problem Model for Large Scale SDNs
احمد جلیلی رضا اکبری منیژه کشتگری

10.7508/jist.2018.21.004

Software Defined Network (SDN) is an emerging architecture that can overcome the challenges facing traditional networks. SDN enables administrator/operator to build a simpler and manageable network. New SDN paradigms are encouraged to deploy multiple (rather than centra More

Software Defined Network (SDN) is an emerging architecture that can overcome the challenges facing traditional networks. SDN enables administrator/operator to build a simpler and manageable network. New SDN paradigms are encouraged to deploy multiple (rather than centralized) controllers to monitor the entire system. The Controller Placement Problem (CPP) is one of the key issues in SDN that affects every aspect of it such as scalability, convergence time, fault tolerance and node to controller latency. This problem has been investigated in diverse papers with their major attention paid on optimizing the location of an arbitrary number of controllers. The related works in this area get less attention to two following important issues. i) Bidirectional end-to-end latency between switch and its controller instead of propagation latency, ii) finding the minimal number of controllers that even is a prerequisite for locating them. In this paper, a Set Covering Controller Placement Problem Model (SCCPPM) to find the least number of required controllers with regard to carrier grade latency requirement is proposed. The new model is carried out on a set of 124 graphs from the Internet Topology Zoo and solve them with IBM ILOG CPLEX Optimization package. As expected, our results indicate that the number of required controllers for high resiliency is dependent on topology and network size. As well, in order to achieve carrier grade requirement, 86 percent of topologies must have more than one controller. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Cost Benefit Analysis of Three Non-Identical Machine Model with Priority in Operation and Repair
Nafeesa Bashir Raeesa Bashir JP Singh Joorel Tariq Rashid Jan Jan

10.52547/jist.9.35.151

The paper proposes a new real life model and the main aim is to examine the cost benefit analysis of Textile Industry model subject to different failure and repair strategies. The reliability model comprises of three units i,e Spinning machine (S), Weaving machine (W), More

The paper proposes a new real life model and the main aim is to examine the cost benefit analysis of Textile Industry model subject to different failure and repair strategies. The reliability model comprises of three units i,e Spinning machine (S), Weaving machine (W), Colouring and Finishing machine(Cf). The working principal of the model starts with spinning machine (S) where in unit S is in operative state while as weaving machine, Colouring and Finishing machine are in ideal state. Complete failure of system is observed when all three units of system i.e. S,W and Cf are in down state. Repairperson is always available to carry out the repair activities in the system in which first priority in repair is given to Colouring and Finishing machine followed by Spinning and weaving machine. The proposed model attempts to maximize the reliability of a real life system. Reliability measures such as Mean Sojourn time, Mean time to system failure, Profit analysis of system are examined to define the performance of the reliability characteristics. For concluding the study of such model, different stochastic measures are analyzed in steady state using regenerative point technique. The tables are prepared for arbitrary values of the parameters to show the performance of some important reliability measures and to check the efficiency of the model under such situations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Murder and Typification of the forgiveness (A Case Study of Guilan)

Main purpose this research is “Typification of the forgiveness based on inductive strategy”. In this strategy, the interviewees perception about the forgivness by interpretivism approach have been investigated. This research has been with qualitative method and purp More

Main purpose this research is “Typification of the forgiveness based on inductive strategy”. In this strategy, the interviewees perception about the forgivness by interpretivism approach have been investigated. This research has been with qualitative method and purposive sampling, and individual and group (Focus group) interviews. According to the logic of theoretical saturation, twenty seven individually and three group were interviewed. Then researcher analyzed interviews with method thematic analyze. Overall,the findings indicates that there are two general type of forgiveness.The first is self- oriented forgiveness and the second is other- oriented forgiveness . In the first part exist various species such as: Forgiveness oppositions, forgiveness supporters, replaced forgiveness and intent - oriented forgiveness. Other-oriented forgiveness can observe types three: forgivenes oppositions, reluctantly Forgiveness and intent-oriented forgiveness. People reacted to the murder of their close relatives to criminal calculate and assess the benefits of forgiveness and revenge, and then act.Based on the research findings the forgivness is time and space, because it depend to the position of the offender or the victim and the time between the crime and punishment Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Time and place of evaluation and compensation of the contractor In the Iranian law, the UAE and the International Convention on the International Sale of Goods, looking at the hypothesis of moral relativity
Mansour shakiba Pejman Mohammadi Siavash shoja porian

Regarding the principle of ethical relativity in different societies, the time and place of damage assessment are two independent factors in determining the amount of damage; a bunch of damages are related from the angles of the factor of time, moment, and time. Like th More

Regarding the principle of ethical relativity in different societies, the time and place of damage assessment are two independent factors in determining the amount of damage; a bunch of damages are related from the angles of the factor of time, moment, and time. Like the damage caused by the failure to get the value of the subject of the commitment, in the committed asset, which is, in fact, the time merely to distinguish a price from the price values of a commitment within a time interval, Another category is the loss of a period of time, in which the damage is an abnormal phenomenon of morality. For example, in view of the different moral interest in money-making, to determine the interest of the money or the interests of the Lords, when is the origin of the time of the evaluation of interest and benefits; In terms of the factor of time in Iranian law, by looking at the abnormal phenomenon of usurpation, from the point of view of ethical jurisprudents and legal value lawyers, there are various criteria that have different effects. The most appropriate moral time to pay damages is Umm al-Dawa, and in terms of location, location, loss; In UAE's law, the moral time of the damage assessment, the time of the incident or the arrival of the damage and the place of damage assessment, the place of delivery of the goods, the conclusion of the contract and the residence is committed; In the International Convention on the International Sale of Goods, various indicators, such as the time of conclusion of the contract, the reasonable period leading to the termination of the contract, is the common ethical customs of the time for the termination of the contract, which is based on the basis of calculation and evaluation. From the point of view of the place of evaluation, with a morphological look, the place of delivery of the goods is the most appropriate place compatible with the spirit of the provisions of the Convention. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Model of meaning relationship of "High quality public places" from Islamic-Iranian thought perspective
Mohsen Rafieian Mojtaba Rafieian Mohamadreza Bemanian

This article is written because of the lack of a model for understanding the relationship of the meaning of public space in the perceivers's minds. The results of the study showed that there are two types of levels in any observer's mind that the first are straight More

This article is written because of the lack of a model for understanding the relationship of the meaning of public space in the perceivers's minds. The results of the study showed that there are two types of levels in any observer's mind that the first are straight, immediate and referential, and the second are implicit, secondary and normative. In fact the secondary thought are a basis for knowing a place as high quality or not. For example everyone considers a clean public place or a place with law as a desirable place. However these places could have not been known as a quality places, if they are impure (according to Islamic rules) or there is a sin in it. With this example, it is cleared out that the secondary meaning plays an important role in the qualitative judgment of public places. Therefore in suggested model, a first levels are around the circle and the secondary are in a center of that and also this model is arranged by some components that has some properties such as a) Transcendental and uplifting, b) Being complementary and c) Hierarchy.in an example meaning relationship could be like atent with a main coulmn and some strings, implicit, secondary and normative meanings are like a main coulmn and straight, immediate and referential meanings are like strings. Finally,quality of holdfast arrange around it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Components of place quality in the Iranian-Islamic city
Hamidreza saremi Bahare Bahra

Human presence in urban places means connection to collective existence and the space perceived by them is the result of a discourse between mind and society. Therefore, the quality of interactions resulting from the qualities of place proposed in the West, with the men More

Human presence in urban places means connection to collective existence and the space perceived by them is the result of a discourse between mind and society. Therefore, the quality of interactions resulting from the qualities of place proposed in the West, with the mental qualities in the Islamic approach, will not be effective in expressing the facts of human interactions with place. Therefore, the present study aims to achieve a model of place quality in the Iranian-Islamic city and in accordance with the Islamic school and thought seeks to answer the questions that what are the components affecting the meaning of place from the point of view of the Iranian-Islamic city? What are the necessary qualities to create an Iranian-Islamic urban place? What is the quality model of the place in the Iranian-Islamic city? In order to achieve the purpose of the research and answer the mentioned questions, qualitative methodology and content analysis strategy have been discussed in a descriptive-analytical process and content analysis of relevant resources in the field of Iranian-Islamic city. The model of place quality in the present study is based on the theory of phenomenal originality of meaning based on the idea that the place form is the most basic level of human interaction with the environment. Also, it has a completely tangible and physical nature and can be considered an object independent of human presence and knowledge. Human knowledge of the environment and the emergence of new concepts following the human presence in the environment, will provide the context for the emergence of the content of the place. For this reason, place and the meaning of place in the present study are considered to have two “subjective components” and “objective components”, which are inseparable in the content of place. According to the research results, the subjective component includes three components “perceptual”, “social” and “managerial” and the objective component has three components “function”, “shape” and “nature”. These components include a total of 52 qualities of places that make the model of quality of Iranian-Islamic city and can be considered in planning, design, management and decision-making and evaluation of the quality of Iranian-Islamic urban places. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - The Role of the Workplace Spirituality and Resilience in Prediction of Psychological Well-being of Employee
Tooraj Sepahvand

The present research was performed with the purpose of examination the role of workplace spirituality and resilience in predicting the psychological wellbeing of employees. The research had a correlational design on the type of predictive study. The population was all o More

The present research was performed with the purpose of examination the role of workplace spirituality and resilience in predicting the psychological wellbeing of employees. The research had a correlational design on the type of predictive study. The population was all of the employees of Markazi Province Electeric Distribution Company in years of 2015-16, that 396 persons of them were selected by stratified random sampling based on their job conditions, and were examined. For collecting the data, the Workplace Spirituality Scale, Resilience Scale and Psychological Well-being Scale, were performed, and the acquired data were analyzed by pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression. The findings indicated that the workplace spirituality and resilience with a direct and significant relationship, explained about 14 percent of variance of psychological well-being of employees that in this context resilience had significant proportion in predicting of psychological wellbeing and its, factors, but the workplace spirituality had significant proportion only in predicting the factor of self-acceptance. As a result, it can be said that workplace spirituality and resilience have a significant role in psychological well-being. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - The Relationship Between workplace bullying and Deviant Workplace Behaviors with the Mediating Role of emotional exhaustion (Case study: Employees of Governmental Organizations of Lorestan province)
Reza Sepahvand Mohsen Arefnezad Fariborz Fathi Chgni Mahdieh Sepahvand

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between workplace bullying and employees' deviant workplace behaviors in governmental organizations of Lorestan province, when the emotional exhaustion has been considered as a mediating role. The statistical More

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between workplace bullying and employees' deviant workplace behaviors in governmental organizations of Lorestan province, when the emotional exhaustion has been considered as a mediating role. The statistical population of the study was 1317 employees of general staff of Lorestan province based in Khorramabad city. According to the Morgan table, a sample size of 297 was selected by stratified random sampling. In order to measure the variables of the research, the (Einarsen, Hoel & Notelaers' ,2009) Workplace Bullying Questionnaire, (Maslach and Jackson’s, 2000), Emotional Exhaustion Questionnaire and the (Bennett and Robinson’s, 2000) Deviant Workplace Behaviors Questionnaire were used. For data analysis, structural equations modeling and Amos software have been used. The results of the research show that workplace bullying has a positive and significant relationship with deviant behaviors and emotional exhaustion directly, also The results showed that emotional exhaustion mediates the relationship between workplace bullying and employee deviant behaviors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - The Relationship between Workplace Bullying and Deviant Workplace Behaviors with the Mediating Role of Emotional Exhaustion
Reza Sepahvand Mohsen Arefnezad Fariborz Fathi-Chegeni Mahdieh Sepahvand

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between workplace bullying and employees’ deviant workplace behaviors in governmental organizations of Lorestan province, when the emotional exhaustion has been considered as a mediating role. The statistical More

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between workplace bullying and employees’ deviant workplace behaviors in governmental organizations of Lorestan province, when the emotional exhaustion has been considered as a mediating role. The statistical population of the study was 1317 employees of general staff of Lorestan province based in Khorramabad city. According to the Morgan table, a sample size of 297 was selected by stratified random sampling. In order to measure the variables of the research, the (Einarsen, Hoel & Notelaers’ ,2009) Workplace Bullying Questionnaire, (Maslach and Jackson’s, 2000), Emotional Exhaustion Questionnaire and the (Bennett and Robinson’s, 2000) Deviant Workplace Behaviors Questionnaire were used. For data analysis, structural equations modeling and Amos software have been used. The results of the research show that workplace bullying has a positive and significant relationship with deviant behaviors and emotional exhaustion directly, also The results showed that emotional exhaustion mediates the relationship between workplace bullying and employee deviant behaviors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Knowledge Based City As an Interdisciplinary Concept

The emergence of interdisciplinary approach, caused very diverse and wide composing and commingling of different areas. One of the phenomena that it’s interdisciplinary nature is clear, is phenomenon of the city. The concept of "knowledge based city" is very broad and m More

The emergence of interdisciplinary approach, caused very diverse and wide composing and commingling of different areas. One of the phenomena that it’s interdisciplinary nature is clear, is phenomenon of the city. The concept of "knowledge based city" is very broad and may include all aspects of social, economic and cultural dimensions. knowledge based city with the aim of developing based on knowledge, by creating continuous encouragement, sharing, evaluating, modernization and update knowledge. knowledge based city involved diffrent range of sciences such as economy, geography and urban planning and social sciences and many other areas of expertise. knowledge based city is depend on knowledge based development to create continuous encouragement, sharing, evaluating, modernization and update knowledge. This can be achieved through continuous interaction between citizens and at the same time take place between them and citizens of other cities. The method of this article is documentary and library research related method with aims to explore and analyze the concept of knowledge based city. The findings of this research with study few internal And external studies resources, resulting in the presentation of dimensions, elements and indicators category that related to knowledge based city and in other words, identify collaborative and interdisciplinary dimensions of "knowledge based city" concept. In terms of this paper, dimensions of knowledge based city was place economy, sustainable urban design (physical), the development of knowledge based (social) and components and indicators that have been associated with each other. This means that the economic location; components of access to skilled and diverse labor, access to developed infrastructure and location direct costs, appropriate urban design (physical), component of access to scientific and academic environment and the existence of local consumer market and ultimately the development of knowledge based (social) components of culture, have been covered sharing of the knowledge Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Origin of Iranian Philosophy
A‘ala Torani Fariba Rokhdad

Perhaps we can never exactly and positively decide where and among which people science and philosophy came into being for the first time. Neither can we fully explain how they were developed. However, what we know for certain is that they cannot have had a specific bir More

Perhaps we can never exactly and positively decide where and among which people science and philosophy came into being for the first time. Neither can we fully explain how they were developed. However, what we know for certain is that they cannot have had a specific birthplace. We should never assume that a particular group of people or nation created and developed philosophy; nevertheless we can discuss which nation or people took the first steps in expanding, spreading, and promoting this invaluable field of knowledge. During the last one or two centuries, researchers and Orientologists have written different books on philosophy and the cradles of knowledge and thought which often seem to be quite subjective. Most of these thinkers have tried to introduce Greece and Europe as the origin of science and philosophy. If we wish to make a fair judgment, we should say that they made this mistake perhaps because they had no access to any of the written sources regarding the brilliant scientific achievements of the East and Middle East. However, there are several historical proofs and documents indicating that some of the well-known Greek scientists and scholars travelled to Egypt, India, Babylon, and Iran and returned to Greece with a great treasure of science, philosophy, gnosis, and illumination. There are also some authentic sources acknowledging that some philosophers such as Pythagoras and Socrates studied under the Iranian magi. Therefore, the magi philosophy of the Media in the land of Iran played a significant role in the history of philosophy and the science and gnosis of the different nations of the East and the West in the World. Some of the philosophers, such as Ostanes, Gobrias, Pazatus, and Astrampsychos, who were famous as Khosrawani philosophers or Persian sages played an important part in transferring Iranians’ knowledge to the whole world. Accordingly, this paper deals with two of these philosophers, namely, Ostanes and Gobrias. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - A Study of Fakhr al-Din Razi’s Critique of Ibn Sina’s Argument on the Immateriality Dimension of Place with an Emphasis on its Historical Aspect
ehsan kordi ardakani Mahmood Seidi

Place has always been one of the most challenging philosophical discussions in the history of Islamic philosophy. Aristotle was the first to trigger this discussion. Through explaining the signs of place, he not only clarified the view of surface in this regard but also More

Place has always been one of the most challenging philosophical discussions in the history of Islamic philosophy. Aristotle was the first to trigger this discussion. Through explaining the signs of place, he not only clarified the view of surface in this regard but also criticized other related theories, particularly, the theory of immaterial dimension or empty space (void). His misunderstanding of Plato’s words in the dialogue of Timaeus led to the development of the theory of void in the discussion of place. Muslim philosophers, especially Ibn Sina, criticized this theory while ignoring this historical mistake. One of the most important arguments in this regard is the overlap of dimensions and their realization without matter. Through criticizing Ibn Sina’s arguments, Fakhr al-Din Razi supported the theory of void. In this paper, the authors demonstrate that his objections to Ibn Sina’s arguments originate in his neglecting the principles of the Peripatetic philosophy, particularly, the impossibility of the realization of dimensions without matter. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Khalil Khan Thaqafi (A‘alam al-Dawlah): A Philosophical Translation concerning Time and Place
Reza Ranjbar

After graduation from Dar al-Funun and before going abroad, Dr. Khalil Khan Thaqafi translated and wrote two treatises on time and place. In the first treatise, which was introduced in the previous issue of History of Philosophy Journal, he discusses the idea of finite More

After graduation from Dar al-Funun and before going abroad, Dr. Khalil Khan Thaqafi translated and wrote two treatises on time and place. In the first treatise, which was introduced in the previous issue of History of Philosophy Journal, he discusses the idea of finite and infinite time and place. The second treatise, which is introduced in this issue, includes the translation of a short part of a huge philosophical book by Victor Cousin, the French philosopher of the 19th century, discussing whether time and place are substance or not. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Time and Place in the View of Mirza Khalil Khan Thaqafi (A‘lam al-awlah): Two Hand-Written Treatises
Reza Ranjbar

Doctor Khalil Khan Thaqafi (A‘lam al-Dawlah), a physician, writer, and translator of the Qajar period and one of the first graduates of modern medicine in Iran, translated and wrote two treatises about time and place after he graduated from Dar al-Funun and before he we More

Doctor Khalil Khan Thaqafi (A‘lam al-Dawlah), a physician, writer, and translator of the Qajar period and one of the first graduates of modern medicine in Iran, translated and wrote two treatises about time and place after he graduated from Dar al-Funun and before he went abroad. In the treatise that he wrote himself, Mirza Khalil Khan discusses the quality of the development of the idea of space, the distinction between the idea of environmental space and infinite space, the quality of the formation of the idea of infinite space, the idea of space as substance, the infinity of space with respect to its breadth and continuity, the development of the idea of time, and the idea of time as a predicate of space. In this treatise, he briefly explains and criticizes the ideas of such philosophers as Victor Cousin, Stewart Mill, and Spinoza. In the second treatise, which is a translation, he discusses whether time and place are substance or not. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - The survey of the effect of Workplace Spiritually on Service Quality with emphasize on Organizational Citizenship behavior
Ali shariat nejad

The aim of this article was the effect of Workplace Spiritually on Service Quality with emphasize on Organizational Citizenship behavior. The research objective was applied and the research type was analytical survey. The statistical population was made up of over of 28 More

The aim of this article was the effect of Workplace Spiritually on Service Quality with emphasize on Organizational Citizenship behavior. The research objective was applied and the research type was analytical survey. The statistical population was made up of over of 280 employee who work in Imam Khomeini organization. People the sample size was 162 people which were obtained using random sampling - stratification. The validity of questionnaire was proved using content validity method and their reliability using Cronbach's alpha. In this article to test hypothesis and conceptual model structural equation approach and Amos 18 software were used. The result show that Workplace Spiritually have significant effect on service quality and Organizational citizenship behavior. Also the result show that Organizational citizenship behavior have significant effect on service quality. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Investigating the role of social undermining in the Workplace Bullying and Violation of psychological contracts
akbar bahmani

One of the effective factors on the occurrence of phenomena such as deviant behaviors, pessimism and job dissatisfaction in the organization is the perception of employees about the non-fulfillment of promises given by the organization, which occurs in violation of psy More

One of the effective factors on the occurrence of phenomena such as deviant behaviors, pessimism and job dissatisfaction in the organization is the perception of employees about the non-fulfillment of promises given by the organization, which occurs in violation of psychological contracts. Supervisors are in the workplace. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of Workplace Bullying on the violation of psychological contracts with the mediating role of social undermining. It is a survey. The statistical population of the present study is the corporate employees of a government organization of 400 people. Due to the limited number of statistical population, 196 people were selected as a sample using a simple random sampling table using a simple random method. Field methods have been used to collect initial data and information to confirm or refute the research hypotheses. Among the various methods used to determine the validity of the measurement, face validity and content validity were used for this study. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability were used to assess the reliability. In this study, the data collected by the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS and lisrel software for statistical analysis. The results show that Workplace Bullying is 0.41 on social undermining; 0.71 has a significant effect on psychological contract violation and finally social undermining with a path coefficient of 0.69 on psychological contract violation at 95% confidence level. psychological contract with a path coefficient of 0.36 on social wear at the 95% confidence level. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Circular Symmetric Coupled Microstrip Lines
Mohammad Khalaj-Amirhosseini

In this paper a new kind of coupled lines called circular symmetric coupled microstrip transmission lines is introduced. At first the capacitance C and inductance L matrices of this kind of microstrip lines are determined by solving the laplace’s equation using fourier More

In this paper a new kind of coupled lines called circular symmetric coupled microstrip transmission lines is introduced. At first the capacitance C and inductance L matrices of this kind of microstrip lines are determined by solving the laplace’s equation using fourier series method. Then by some examples the capacitance C and inductance L matrices of this kind of microstrip lines are discussed Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Increment of Distributed Generation Penetration in Distribution Networks Using simultaneous Placement of Distributed Generation Resources and Energy Storage Systems
N. Biabani M. Ramezani H. Falaghi

In addition to the great benefits of distributed generation (DG) resources to power systems, there are some disadvantages. In spite of some benefits like decrease of received power from transmission grid, increment of DGs penetration can lead to voltage increase in dist More

In addition to the great benefits of distributed generation (DG) resources to power systems, there are some disadvantages. In spite of some benefits like decrease of received power from transmission grid, increment of DGs penetration can lead to voltage increase in distribution networks during off peak. Hence the recent efforts have been made to handle problems to increase the penetration of these resources. The use of energy storage systems (ESSs) is one of the ways to prevent defects may arise from use of DGs in power systems and can help to increase penetration of DGs in power systems. ESSs can save energy during off peak and deliver it to the network in peak hours; hence, these equipment can reduce power losses and prevent voltage deviation during off peak by increasing load due to ESS charging. In this paper, first DG allocation and ESS placement are introduced then simultaneous placement of DG and ESS to reduce power losses in the distribution network are described. The proposed models are solved using genetic algorithm as optimization tool. The obtained results show that simultaneous placement could increase DG penetration compared to the separate allocation of these devices and pro Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Automated Implementation of Quantum Circuits on QFPGA for Emulation
M. Heidarzadeh Mohammad Danaee Far

This paper defines an optimal architecture for the FPGA using exact methods. In order to achieve this goal, optimal placement and routing solutions are found using the integer linear programming techniques. After redefining the internal architecture of the logic blocks, More

This paper defines an optimal architecture for the FPGA using exact methods. In order to achieve this goal, optimal placement and routing solutions are found using the integer linear programming techniques. After redefining the internal architecture of the logic blocks, quantum circuits are partitioned by a heuristic algorithm in order to reach maximum utilization of the resources inside logic blocks and minimum delay of the paths traversed by the q-bits in the circuit. Experimental results show that FPGA architecture modifications can result in the reduction of the delay of critical paths of circuits by up to half in some cases and in a considerable reduction of the number of channels used for routing. Furthermore, the results show that defining the logic blocks with 12 q-bits instead of 4 q-bits can decrease circuits delay and the number of used channels to a large extent. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Placement of AVRs and Reconfiguration of Distribution Networks Simultaneously and Robust Considering Load Uncertainty
M. R. Shakarami Y. Mohammadi Pour

: In this paper, optimal locating for AVRs and reconfiguration of distribution networks were assessed simultaneously as an optimization problem. A new objective function was introducing which incorporated several electrical indices including real power losses, reactive More

: In this paper, optimal locating for AVRs and reconfiguration of distribution networks were assessed simultaneously as an optimization problem. A new objective function was introducing which incorporated several electrical indices including real power losses, reactive power losses, reliability, voltage profile, voltage stability, and load capacity of lines (MVA). Various load levels were incorporated into the objective function to make sure that switch status in reconfiguration and AVR taps and locations would be robust against load variations. This paper also introduced a new method for calculating the load levels with respect to load uncertainty. It also considered all loads based on a voltage-dependent model. Several scenarios are defined to thoroughly assess the proposed approach. Integer particle swarm optimization algorithm (IPSO) was used to solve the mentioned optimization problem. The results obtained by the simulation of 33-bus and 69-bus standard IEEE .radial power distribution networks demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Evaluation of Resonance Existence in Optimal Allocation of Capacitors in Distribution Networks
M. Ayoubi R. Hooshmand M. Torabian Esfahani

One of the most important problems in power networks is the presence of resonance at some of the buses which leads to an unwanted increase in voltage and current and damage to equipment. Since with installing a capacitor bank in the network, frequency characteristic of More

One of the most important problems in power networks is the presence of resonance at some of the buses which leads to an unwanted increase in voltage and current and damage to equipment. Since with installing a capacitor bank in the network, frequency characteristic of the system is changed and resonance is increased, it is necessary to consider this point in allocation of capacitors in the network. In this paper, a new index for evaluating the resonance is presented. Applying the proposed resonance index, a new two-step method for optimal placement of capacitors in a harmonic system is provided. In the first step, a sensitivity analysis is used, then in the second step, the objective function considering technical constraints is optimized using a fuzzy technique. The proposed method is implemented with the MSPSO algorithm on the IEEE 18-bus network. The results show the efficiency of this method in comparison with other methods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - A New State Estimator in Distribution Systems
S. Sabzebin F. Karbalaei

Due to the lack of measurement in distribution systems, state estimation has particular importance. Different methods are presented to improve the accuracy of system state with limited measurements. In this paper a new state estimator in distribution systems are offered More

Due to the lack of measurement in distribution systems, state estimation has particular importance. Different methods are presented to improve the accuracy of system state with limited measurements. In this paper a new state estimator in distribution systems are offered. This estimator bases on backward forward load flow estimates system state with adjusting load consumption at each step. Voltage measurements in slack bus, loads and zero injection measurements are inputs of estimator. This estimator is compared with weight least square estimator and its results are shown. The estimator calculates voltage magnitude with less error and also faster than WLS estimator. 85-bus system is presented in this paper. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - Improving the Power System State Estimation Algorithm Based on the PMUs Placement and Voltage Angle Relationships
A. R. Sedighi M. Sayaf M. R. Taban

To optimize the operation of power systems, monitoring of network state variables is important. Because these variables play an important role in improving economic efficiency, network reliability and analyze system status.Therefore, state estimation algorithm have been More

To optimize the operation of power systems, monitoring of network state variables is important. Because these variables play an important role in improving economic efficiency, network reliability and analyze system status.Therefore, state estimation algorithm have been used to determine an accurate estimate of state variables with limited measurements. Since modern measuring devices, such as PMUs, in addition to the measurement of electrical quantities are able to measure bus voltage angle,in this paper, a new method is proposed to obtain a more accurate estimate of all network variable. The proposed algorithm determines number and location of the measuring devices (PMUs) in such a way that state variables and electrical quantities can be obtained in the most accurate estimate. Increasing the state estimation calculations accuracy is due to the use of the derivatives of the buses voltage angle equations along with the state estimation relations. Finally, the calculation of the state estimation is performed using the least squared weighted method (WLS). The calculations performed on the IEEE 14 bus network are done using MATLAB and MATPOWER software. The results show that the proposed method has been successful in increasing the accuracy of estimating state variables and reducing the number and proper location of PMUs . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Reactive Power Compensation using optimal capacitor allocation in the Distribution Network in the Presence of Wind Power Plant Based on Information Gap Decision Theory
M. Ramezani mahboobeh etemadizadeh

The presence of uncertain parameters in the power system has created many challenges for designers andoperators of the system including the problem of capacitors in the presence of wind power plants. The answer depends on the amount of load and output power of the wind More

The presence of uncertain parameters in the power system has created many challenges for designers andoperators of the system including the problem of capacitors in the presence of wind power plants. The answer depends on the amount of load and output power of the wind power plant that has uncertain values. In this paper, the information gap based decision theory method is used model the uncertainty in load and output power of the wind power plant. The objective function includes the cost of capacitive banks and energy losses, used to of load Flow based on unscented transformation for calculate energy losses. A genetic algorithm is used to optimize the above problem. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed method has been investigated by carrying out numerical studies on the IEEE 33-bus network. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - An Efficient Approach for Resource Allocation in Fog Computing Considering Request Congestion Conditions
Samira Ansari Moghaddam سميرا نوفرستي مهري رجايي

Cloud data centers often fail to cope with the millions of delay-sensitive storage and computational requests due to their long distance from end users. A delay-sensitive request requires a response before its predefined deadline expires, even when the network has a hig More

Cloud data centers often fail to cope with the millions of delay-sensitive storage and computational requests due to their long distance from end users. A delay-sensitive request requires a response before its predefined deadline expires, even when the network has a high load of requests. Fog computing architecture, which provides computation, storage and communication services at the edge of the network, has been proposed to solve these problems. One of the fog computing challenges is how to allocate cloud and fog nodes resources to user requests in congestion conditions to achieve a higher acceptance rate of user requests and minimize their response time. Fog nodes have limited storage and computational power, and hence their performance is significantly reduced due to high load of user requests. This paper proposes an efficient resource allocation method in fog computing that decides where (fog or cloud) to process the requests considering the available resources of fog nodes and congestion conditions. According to the experimental results, the performance of the proposed method is better compared with existing methods in terms of average response time and percentage of failed requests. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Effectiveness for Psychological Needs of Workplace through In-Service Training, Test for Role of Mediator in Employees' Socialization
رقیه بهشتی‌راد

The purpose of this study is to seek Effectiveness for psychological needs of workplace through In-service training, test for role of mediator in employees' socialization. The current research method is descriptive and the research project used was based on Structural e More

The purpose of this study is to seek Effectiveness for psychological needs of workplace through In-service training, test for role of mediator in employees' socialization. The current research method is descriptive and the research project used was based on Structural equations model. The statistical population is all employees of Urmia University in which 260 were selected by stratified random sampling method. Data were gathered through three questionnaires, In-service training, organizational socialization and needs of workplace. Results of structural equation modeling showed that: The relationship between in-service training with psychological needs of workplace and organizational socialization is positive and significant. Relationships between organizational socialization and psychological needs of workplace are positive and significant. Also the relationship between in-service training and psychological needs of workplace with role of mediator in organizational socialization is positive and significant. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - Organizational Factors on Transferring Effective Learning to Workplace: Case study of National Iranian Gas Company (NIGS)
Alireza Youzbashi Khodayar Abili

This study identifies effective organizational factors on transferring learning to workplace at National Iranian Gas Company. Research method is qualitative with the approach of focus group. The population included academic experts, managers, and deputies of human resou More

This study identifies effective organizational factors on transferring learning to workplace at National Iranian Gas Company. Research method is qualitative with the approach of focus group. The population included academic experts, managers, and deputies of human resources and education of NIGC. Depth interviews were conducted with 16 people of them with purposive sampling method. For data analysis, thematic analysis (theme) was used. The validity of the findings was guaranteed using survey methods by the members and multilateral review of data resources. In order to assess the reliability of codes, retest reliability and agreement within the thematic approach were used. After reviewing and organizing interviews, the researcher identified codes or primary concepts and they were classified with similar codes. Titles showing the total codes of that category were selected for each of them. As a result, main effective organizational factors on transferring learning to the workplace at NIGC were detected as follows: organizational culture, organizational climate, organizational support, organizational outcome, performance management, organizational justice, Features of direct manager, participation in decision-making, learner environment, application opportunity and the proportion of occupation and employee. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Studying the Challenges in the Transfer of Learning to Workplace in Public Organizations of Kurdistan Province (A Qualitative Research)
Sirous Ghanbari gholamreza shams mourkani mahboobeh arefi khalil zandi

The current qualitative study tried to study the challenges in the transfer of learning to workplace. The field study was public organizations of Kurdistan province and its research method was Grounded Theory based on a systematic approach. A group of 48 people includin More

The current qualitative study tried to study the challenges in the transfer of learning to workplace. The field study was public organizations of Kurdistan province and its research method was Grounded Theory based on a systematic approach. A group of 48 people including employees, supervisors, experts and education officials, senior executives, and teachers and specialists of training and human resource development were studied by purposive sampling method. Semi-structured individual interviews were used for gathering data and at the same time, the interviews were analyzed by open coding, axial coding, selective coding and annotating. The validity of analysis was confirmed using member checking and triangulation techniques. Based on the results, the most important causes of indifference to the transfer of learning included: motivational barriers, barriers related to individual characteristics, improper timing, barriers to teaching, content and evaluation, administrative barriers, supportive barriers and obstacles focused on the job. Factors underlying indifference to the transfer of learning Included: Non-supportive organizational culture, disturbing administrative system, and climate of organizational indifference. Employee strategies in the face of such a situation may be reactive behaviors, negative behaviors and positive compensatory behaviors. The consequences of such a situation, at the individual level are Job stillness, job procrastination, lack of creation and deviant behaviors; in addition to, consequences at the individual level are Loss of educational investment and reduce organizational success. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - A Pathology and Effectiveness of the Transfer of Training to Workplace
Gholamreza Shams Morkani Hamed Abbasi kasani

This study aimed at investigating the pathology and effectiveness of the transfer of raining to workplace. Research method was applied and developmental in terms of purpose, and was mixed (quantitative and qualitative) one in terms of data collection. The review documen More

This study aimed at investigating the pathology and effectiveness of the transfer of raining to workplace. Research method was applied and developmental in terms of purpose, and was mixed (quantitative and qualitative) one in terms of data collection. The review documents and semi-structured interviews were used as data collection tools. In order to analyze the data, the content analysis for classifying method was used. 13 documents were investigated and interviews were conducted with 23 counselors, teachers and principals, who were selected purposefully. The results showed that there were 36 damages in the Individual, Educational and Organizational Areas of the Transfer of Training to Workplace. Then, evaluated the effectiveness of the transfer of training to workplace, through a questionnaire with 0.93 reliability administered on counselors, teachers and principals. To do so, 297 counselors, teachers and principals in Field of Humanities of Tehran secondary schools were selected through stratified random sampling technique. To evaluate the effectiveness of the Transfer of Training to Workplace, one-sample t test, t independent groups and ANOVA were applied. Finally, it was found that secondary factors, motivational elements, environmental factors and the ability factors of the transfer of training to workplace among teachers of Field of Humanities in Tehran secondary schools in Tehran were desirable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - Investigating Individual Factors Affecting Transfer of learning Employees in the Municipality of Tehran
Maryam Hassanpour Roodbaraki Mojgan Abdollahi Alireza Araghieh Fatemeh Parasteh-Ghombavani

The Purpose of this Study is to identify and investigate the individual factors affecting transferring of learning to workplace in order to improve the performance and develop job competencies. It was a descriptive survey research. The population consisted of all staff More

The Purpose of this Study is to identify and investigate the individual factors affecting transferring of learning to workplace in order to improve the performance and develop job competencies. It was a descriptive survey research. The population consisted of all staff at Transportation and Traffic Department in Tehran (N= 910). The sample was selected through a single-cluster sampling method through the Cochran formula and 270 employees (employees who were at least 6 months and at most one year after passing their training courses). Data collection was carried out through library studies and field research through a researcher-made questionnaire with content validity confirmation by several researchers in education and management and reliability of the tool, with Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.77). In order to identify individual factors, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, Varimax rotation was used to determine the most appropriate factors. The results showed: self-efficacy components, expectations from performance outcomes, cognitive ability, job attitude, orientation, organizational commitment, learner readiness, personality traits, control source, positive feeling, self-awareness, demographic characteristics, reception from learning resources, openness of experience, transfer motivation, perceived usefulness and value and core purpose are individual factors affecting transfer of learning, except the resistance to change and motivation level. According to results of Friedman test, the organizational commitment with the mean of 12.76 and level of motivation (mean=4.58) had the highest and least effect on transferring of learning of staff. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - Developing a Workplace Learning Framework for Chamber of Commerce based on a Grounded Theory Research
Farhad Fathi Marjan Kian Majid Ali Asgari

The aim of the present study was to develop a framework for workplace learning. The research paradigm was qualitative and the grounded theory research method was use. The research population consisted of all the employees and members of Chamber of Commerce. Then 18 inf More

The aim of the present study was to develop a framework for workplace learning. The research paradigm was qualitative and the grounded theory research method was use. The research population consisted of all the employees and members of Chamber of Commerce. Then 18 informants were selected by targeted sampling method until reaching the data saturation. The research tool was an in-depth semi-structured interview. In order to analyze the data, coding and categorization were used by Atlas ti software and in three stages of noticing, collecting and thinking. In order to evaluate the data strength in the present study, three criteria of "acceptability", "reliability" and "verifiability" were used. Based on the findings, the framework of the workplace learning consisted of the environment (equality and justice, working environment, learning culture and supportive work environment), the employees (interest in work and learning, responsibility and intelligence and discipline), the management (leadership power, scientific literacy And ethical virtues), the curriculum (goal setting and purposefulness, educational content, teachers 'ability, supervision and implementation, feedback and correction) and the interaction and integration (management-staff interaction, colleagues' interaction with each other, combination of formal and experimental education, integration). Outcomes of workplace learning include organizational efficiency and effectiveness, financial benefit, cohesiveness and expertise, career advancement along with employee motivation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - investigating the feasibility of establishing the workplace curriculum in Iranian universities
zahra pourjafarian koroush fathi vajargah Saeed Safaei Movahed maryam Hoseini Lorgani

Abstract The present research aims at investigating the feasibility of establishing the workplace curriculum in Iranian universities. This research seeks to answer the following question: Is it possible to establish the workplace curriculum field at the Iranian univers More

Abstract The present research aims at investigating the feasibility of establishing the workplace curriculum in Iranian universities. This research seeks to answer the following question: Is it possible to establish the workplace curriculum field at the Iranian universities to train specialists in this field? The present study is qualitative research in terms of the purpose, nature, and implementation facilities. Semi-structured interviews with ten workplace curriculum specialists were used to conduct the research. Since this research focuses on the workplace curriculum, the critical case sampling method was used in this research. The information of the interviews was analyzed using the content analysis method. Based on the findings, the opinions of workplace curriculum specialists were categorized into three groups of proponents, conditional proponents, and opponents of establishing this field. Then, the roles and capabilities of the workplace curriculum graduates and their expected competencies were identified. Based on the finding of the research,the opinion of the education specialists in response to the necessity of establishing a field at university are divided into three thematic categories as "factors related to the field of curriculum studies", "factors related to similar fields and university majors" and "factors related to the workplace".Then, by analyzing the content of the experts' opinion in response to the topic of "preconditions necessary for the establishment of university field", two thematic categories of "executive conditions", "scientific conditions" and sub-themes were introduced. At the end, the roles , abilities and competencies of the graduates were examined. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - Typology of Workplace Learning Cultures in Iranian Organizations
Saeid Safaei Movahhed Mohammad Hajizad

10.52547/istd.31456.8.30.189

This study aimed at identifying learning cultures in various workplaces through an emergent grounded theory study. To gather data, in-depth interviews were conducted on 98 employees of small to large companies to reach a vast breadth and depth of data. For purpose of in More

This study aimed at identifying learning cultures in various workplaces through an emergent grounded theory study. To gather data, in-depth interviews were conducted on 98 employees of small to large companies to reach a vast breadth and depth of data. For purpose of inclusiveness, a maximum variation strategy was adopted for sampling to select participants purposively from manufacturing, business and service companies. The data were thematically analyzed at two levels, namely initial and secondary coding. To establish credibility, two dominant strategies were continuously used as member check and peer debriefing and external auditing. Consequently, a tripartite typology emerged to represent learning culture in various enterprises based on three criteria: management approach, peers' reaction, promotion expectancy. To sum up, in a malignant learning culture, bad working habits are learned and shared by staff, and commitment to work is gradually minimized to its lowest possible point. In a deterministic learning culture, a neutral learning climate dominates the workplace as staffs perceive no link between self-development and job promotion. Finally, in a demanding learning culture, people may clearly view the sensible link between competency development and job promotion, so they try their utmost to keep up with the latest developments in their field to avert the risk of demotion or job loss. The study suggests that if enterprises plan to achieve and keep a competitive edge, they should focus firmly on creating a demanding workplace learning culture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - Provide a competency model for human resource managers based on spirituality in the workplace
Hossein Mohammad Ghasemi Samerh Shojaee Mohammad bager Gorji Abdol gane Rastgar

One of the aspects of value creation in the field of human resources is to pay attention and focus on the core competency of human capital in order to help the success of the organization. The purpose of this study is to provide a competency model of human resource ma More

One of the aspects of value creation in the field of human resources is to pay attention and focus on the core competency of human capital in order to help the success of the organization. The purpose of this study is to provide a competency model of human resource managers based on spirituality in the workplace. And with two indices of Cronbach's alpha coefficients and composite reliability, the reliability of measuring instruments and using the mean index and variance of convergent validity of measuring instruments was confirmed. According to the research findings, seven factors including individual factors, spiritual competencies, managerial skills, participatory management, human resource value creation, human resource management, adherence to rules were identified as the main dimensions of the model. Of the seven identified factors, the model of adherence to rules, human resource management and human resource value creation were in the first level, which act as the cornerstone of the model that spirituality in the workplace should start from these variables and spread to other variables. These three factors are interrelated. AMOS software was used to compile the model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Investigation of Demand-Resources-Support Job Design Model in the Industrial, Financial, Healthcare, and Public Workplaces
Hamidreza Oreyzi

To investigate the effects of job demands on employees in job design, several models have been developed. One of these models is demand-resource-support model. It seems that this model varies in different organizational workplaces because of special features of these se More

To investigate the effects of job demands on employees in job design, several models have been developed. One of these models is demand-resource-support model. It seems that this model varies in different organizational workplaces because of special features of these settings. This study was conduc-ted to investigate the demand-resources-support job design model in the industrial, financial, healthcare, and public workplaces. The re-search samples were selected from four sec-tors, namely industry (n=928), healthcare (n=526), financial department (n=483), and public organizations (n=582). The samples res-ponded to research instruments consisting of Time, Physical Effort, Autonomy, Skill Utili-zation, Social Support, Occupational Safety, Task Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Fatigue Questionnaires. Evaluation of measurement equivalence in four selections were tested via factor invariance technique. The re-sults showed that the six-factor model has a better fit than other models both in terms of the chi square indexes (respectively, in industry=1.85, in hospitals=1.67, in business =1.71, in governmental organizations =1.92) and in terms of absolute and detailed indexes (in all four groups, these values only reach to optimal levels=0.90 in the fifth model), as well as in terms of residual indexes (the amounts in all four groups in the fifth model were less than 0.04). The results showed that, in all four sections, skill utilization predicts task satis-faction and organizational commitment. The required time factor predicts the fatigue, and social support predicts all three variables of task satisfaction, organizational commitment, and fatigue. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - Investigation of Demand-Resources-Support Job Design Model in the Industrial, Financial, Healthcare, and Public Workplaces
Hamidreza Oreyzi hajar barati

To investigate the effects of job demands on employees in job design, several models have been developed. One of these models is demand-resource-support model. It seems that this model varies in different orga-nizational workplaces because of special fea-tures of these More

To investigate the effects of job demands on employees in job design, several models have been developed. One of these models is demand-resource-support model. It seems that this model varies in different orga-nizational workplaces because of special fea-tures of these settings. This study was conduc-ted to investigate the demand-resources-sup-port job design model in the industrial, finan-cial, healthcare, and public workplaces. The re-search samples were selected from four sec-tors, namely industry (n=928), healthcare (n=526), financial department (n=483), and public organizations (n=582). The samples res-ponded to research instruments consisting of Time, Physical Effort, Autonomy, Skill Utili-zation, Social Support, Occupational Safety, Task Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment,and Fatigue Questionnaires. Evaluation of mea-surement equivalence in four selections were tested via factor invariance technique. The re-sults showed that the six-factor model has a better fit than other models both in terms of the chi square indexes (respectively, in indus-try=1.85, in hospitals=1.67, in business =1.71, in governmental organizations =1.92) and in terms of absolute and detailed indexes (in all four groups, these values only reach to optimal levels=0.90 in the fifth model), as well as in terms of residual indexes (the amounts in all four groups in the fifth model were less than 0.04). The results showed that, in all four sections, skill utilization predicts task satis-faction and organizational commitment. The required time factor predicts the fatigue, and social support predicts all three variables of task satisfaction, organizational commitment, and fatigue. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - Feasibility study of the emergence of Ray Oldenburg's third place in the interior architecture of the cafe
Maryam Mohamadi Salek Ali Asgari Razie Fathi

10.52547/arch.1.1.71

With an inseparable view to contemporary literature, urban public spaces are developed in buildings with flexible uses. Accordingly, sociable spaces such as cafes, as semi-public spaces, can provide social qualities in themselves. Now, the idea of Oldenburg's third plac More

With an inseparable view to contemporary literature, urban public spaces are developed in buildings with flexible uses. Accordingly, sociable spaces such as cafes, as semi-public spaces, can provide social qualities in themselves. Now, the idea of Oldenburg's third places, which need a neutral platform for gathering and social interaction to be realized, can be developed in this place by taking some measures. The present study aims to identify the elements influencing the physical and social content of the third place and make their realization in the cafe space feasible by providing strategies. Therefore, using a qualitative paradigm and causal reasoning, it is attempted to provide a conceptual model to relate the common features of these two themes. Finally, it is concluded that improving the flexibility of furniture and its arrangement, providing rules and standards according to the norms of society, providing basic facilities to invite audiences with special conditions, providing easy access in terms of time and place, making space memorable to invite future customers, avoiding luxuriousness, providing the atmosphere considering the surrounding social context, and creating an intimate environment as home, can contribute to the emergence of third place. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - The Impact of Perceived Value and Sense of Place on Tourist Loyalty (Case Study: Hamedan Province)
mostafa taheri

The objective of this paper is to analyze the factors that impact tourist loyalty from two perspectives: “perceived value” and “sense of place”. The study aims to answer the following questions: Are there any relations between the dimensions of perceived value and sense More

The objective of this paper is to analyze the factors that impact tourist loyalty from two perspectives: “perceived value” and “sense of place”. The study aims to answer the following questions: Are there any relations between the dimensions of perceived value and sense of place with loyalty to the destination brand? If so, to what extent are they correlated? Which dimensions play a more important role? Sample size was determined by using Cochran’s formula. A total of 384 questionnaires were randomly destributed between tourists in Hamedan Province during summer 2016. Given the Pearson correlation coefficients, the dimensions of perceived value (Functional, emotional, and social value) and sense of place (identity, dependence, and attachment) were found to be associated with tourist loyalty to destination brand. Standardized R2 was 45.9 and nearly 45 percent of the variation in tourist loyalty was explained by the model. Perceived Functional value and sense of dependence were the strongest predictors of loyalty, followed by perceived emotional value, social value, sense of attachment, and sense of identity, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - Development of ecotourism, and its role in the development of ecotourism attractions in Aran and Bidgol
sajedeh karimi

The purpose of this paper is studying the development of ecotourism, and its role in the development of ecotourism attractions in the city of Aran and Bidgol. The research methodology is descriptive-analytical. The population under study included 65 xperts, professional More

The purpose of this paper is studying the development of ecotourism, and its role in the development of ecotourism attractions in the city of Aran and Bidgol. The research methodology is descriptive-analytical. The population under study included 65 xperts, professionals, and professors in the field of ecotourism in Aran and Bidgol. The sample was selected based on judgmental sampling and is consist of 65 experts. The research gathering tool is a questionnaire designed with 12 questions in the field of ecotourism, creativity with 13 questions and development of ecotourism places with 21 questions. To analyze the data, structural equation analysis with AMOS software was used. The results indicate that ecotourism has influenced the development of Aran and Bidgol locomotion sites with a mediating role of creativity, such that ecotourism has an effect on ecotourism sites with path coefficient of 0/55 and T 3/91, ecotourism on creativity with coefficient Pathway 0/32 and T 2/65 value, creativity affected ecotourism sites with path coefficient 0/61 and T value 2/32. Thus, ecotourism has been able, through creativity, to improve the development status of ecotourism sites, with a path coefficient of (0/61) indicating that ecotourism's direct relation to ecotourism sites has a coefficient of 0/32. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - Tourism Policymaking, Local Community Support, Place Image, Tourism Impacts, Tourism in Semnan
Zohre Kiani FeizAbadi Farnaz NikKhah Elisa taherian

10.61186/journalitor.35991.11.24.219

Tourism policies widely affect the lives of local residents. On the other hand, the effectiveness of such policies depends on the local community’s support and participation. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the influence of the Local Community’s Place More

Tourism policies widely affect the lives of local residents. On the other hand, the effectiveness of such policies depends on the local community’s support and participation. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the influence of the Local Community’s Place Image and their perception of tourism impacts on their support for tourism policies in Semnan. To this end, some 340 questionnaires were distributed among local residents, out of which 322 questionnaires were completed by the respondents. The collected data were then analyzed by PLS software using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results indicated that the residents’ place image had a direct significant effect on their perception of tourism impacts and consequently on their support for tourism development policies. Moreover, the findings highlighted the necessity of evaluating tourism impacts based on the perceptions of residents, because the more favorable they consider the tourism impacts, the more support they give to tourism development policies. Finally, this study suggests some policy recommendations on how to manage the local community’s place image, their perceptions of tourism impacts, and their support for tourism policy-making. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - Measuring the sense of place belonging and identifying the components affecting it in urban body patterns "Case study: West side of Imam Khomeini Street, Ardabil"
Rouhollah Rahimi Seyed Mohsen moosavi Nasrin Mohammadi Irloo

Urban bodies and their social and cultural dimensions, with a semiotic approach, play an effective role in creating a sense of belonging to a place in citizens. It is important to identify the patterns of integrated and coordinated urban bodies effective on the percepti More

Urban bodies and their social and cultural dimensions, with a semiotic approach, play an effective role in creating a sense of belonging to a place in citizens. It is important to identify the patterns of integrated and coordinated urban bodies effective on the perception of the audience in order to create social life, social interactions and place identity. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of urban bodies on creating a sense of belonging among citizens and to determine the patterns of urban bodies that are effective on the sense of belonging to a place, which has been studied in the body of the west side of Imam Khomeini Street in Ardabil, the main and oldest street of this city. The research method is applied and descriptive- survey type and it was carried out by a combined (quantitative- qualitative) method. To collect information, library studies and field survey methods, observation and questionnaire have been used. Based on the findings of the research, the sense of belonging to a place among citizens is influenced by the social- perceptual components of the urban body; It is possible to increase the sense of satisfaction and sense of belonging to the place among the citizens by coordinating the shops, suitable furniture, revitalizing the destroyed buildings, appropriateness in color, appropriateness in the skyline, favorable facade design and suitable vegetation. The result of the research in the case study shows that the high age, proper access and the holding of national- religious rituals have created a sense of belonging to the place. Also, structures that are familiar with the culture and identity of citizens create a sense of belonging to a place. The use of urban walls related to identity and historical and native culture for national religious rituals can encourage people to be in the street and create memories and mental images for them and consequently increase the sense of belonging to a place. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - Social Impact Assessment of BRT Line Displacement in Mowlavi Street
Zahra Khastoo

Deputy of Transportation and Traffic of Tehran Municipal Region 12 has presented a plan to displace the BRT line from the south side of Mowlavi Street to the middle in order to increase safety and organize public transportation. This paper aims to study the social and c More

Deputy of Transportation and Traffic of Tehran Municipal Region 12 has presented a plan to displace the BRT line from the south side of Mowlavi Street to the middle in order to increase safety and organize public transportation. This paper aims to study the social and cultural impacts of this intervention on the social life of Mowlavi Street in accordance with the stakeholders’ needs, situations, and opinions. The main methodology of this research is based on qualitative approach and phenomenological method using in-depth interview and focus group techniques. Accordingly, relying on the theoretical framework of livability. several concepts such as sustainability, sustainable transportation, quality of life and safety have been brought forth. The findings indicate that the displacement of Mowlavi BRT line can increase street safety; however, this requires a high level of organizational cooperation of Traffic Police on this street. On the other hand, one-way to two-way street conversion which is also aligned with the local residents’ and businesses’ social and economic benefits in Harandi and Takhti neighborhoods, can increase the transportation demand for Mowlavi Street. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - Investigating the quality and sense of attachment to the place in the open spaces of the residential complex
Elham mansourian ali aram

Place is a phenomenon that man gives meaning to and becomes dependent on during his life. Dependence on place is affected by the quality of the space and the way it is designed, and people create it over a specific period of time. There is a positive relationship betwee More

Place is a phenomenon that man gives meaning to and becomes dependent on during his life. Dependence on place is affected by the quality of the space and the way it is designed, and people create it over a specific period of time. There is a positive relationship between attachment to place and perception and knowledge of place by the individual to the extent that he recognizes himself with it; Thus, the connection between man and place or "attachment to place" is considered the basis for satisfying many human needs through place and meaning in life. In particular, attachment to important places for human beings, the most characteristic of which is living space. Open spaces between residential buildings are the bedrock for residents to connect with nature and to spend their leisure time in the immediate exterior of the house. Come. This study examines the quality and sense of attachment to space in the open spaces of a residential complex. After dealing with the existing theories in the field of attachment to space and in open spaces of residential complex with an inferential approach and using past research and theoretical foundations, the results show that the quality and sense of attachment to space in open spaces of residential complex Organization, quality of interior spaces, social interactions, type of access and view and type of access and view can be effective factors in increasing the quality and sense of attachment to space in open spaces of residential complex. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

59 - Two Fuzzy Virtual Force Algorithms to Improve Sensor Deployment in Wireless Sensor Networks
Vahid Kiani

Maximizing area coverage is an important issue in the placement of wireless network sensors, the realization of which helps to improve the network monitoring power. In many applications, the sensors are first randomly distributed in the sensing filed and then their plac More

Maximizing area coverage is an important issue in the placement of wireless network sensors, the realization of which helps to improve the network monitoring power. In many applications, the sensors are first randomly distributed in the sensing filed and then their placement is modified. The virtual force algorithm (VFA) tries to achieve a more desirable deployment from an initial sensing deployment by considering repulsive and attractive forces between the sensors. In this paper, the combination of Takashi-Sugeno fuzzy system with VFA is used to achieve a better redeployment of the sensors. To adaptively adjust optimal distance value of the sensors, two fuzzy methods are proposed in this paper and their role in improving performance of the virtual force algorithm is analyzed. Comparison of the performance of the proposed methods with the state-of-the-art reveals that intelligent and adaptive adjustment of the optimal distance using a fuzzy system leads to higher final coverage ratio over traditional virtual force algorithm (VFA), improved virtual force algorithm (IVFA), fuzzy redeployment algorithm (FRED), and two metaheuristics GA, and PSO. On the other hand, the proposed VF-based methods require much less time to solve the problem than GA and PSO metaheuristic methods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

60 - Introducing creative method in order to take advantage of climatic conditions to reduce energy consumption in the building
Marjan Khanmohammadi Mohamad Reza Vahidi

Climate-based architectural design, and the presentation of new and innovative executive solutions to use natural forces and energies to reduce energy consumption and create comfort in the building, is a necessity and importance of this research. This article, in respon More

Climate-based architectural design, and the presentation of new and innovative executive solutions to use natural forces and energies to reduce energy consumption and create comfort in the building, is a necessity and importance of this research. This article, in response to the question, how can the heating and cooling needs of the building be met through a single system? and in the form of a report on the invention and patent, the proposed method of "designing a fireplace space with windshield function in hot seasons" is explained. The purpose of this study is to increase the use of clean energy in the climate of each region, such as wind for ventilation and cooling and provide comfort in indoor spaces. Which describes the design of structural execution technique from an exploratory method with a practical purpose. As a result, the innovative details of this technique are expressed that it has been able to meet the heating and cooling needs of the building by using the climatic potential of the region in a sustainable way and by spending the least energy cost. This will lead to optimization and savings in energy consumption and costs and ultimately reduce environmental pollution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

61 - Dimensions and Components of the Work Environment Curriculum in Business Organizations (A Case Study: Ports and Maritime Organization)
zahra sharifiblue Kurosh Fathi Vajargah Saeid Safaei Movahhed علیرضا عراقیه

This study investigated the dimensions and components of the curriculum of the work environment in business organizations in the Ports and Maritime Organization. In terms of purpose, this research was applied and the method was qualitative and theoretical. The participa More

This study investigated the dimensions and components of the curriculum of the work environment in business organizations in the Ports and Maritime Organization. In terms of purpose, this research was applied and the method was qualitative and theoretical. The participants of the research include experts and specialists in the field of curriculum, with a doctorate in curriculum planning, as well as employees of the Ports and Maritime Organization at the managerial level ad also the experts who have at least 5 years of work experience in the training and development of human resources of the Ports and Maritime Organization. To determine the samples, a non-random sampling method was used, and 20 individuals were considered as the sample using the principle of saturation. In this research, in order to collect data, library methods (including books, authoritative scientific databases and university theses) and semi-structured interviews were used. In order to determine the validity of the tool, qualitative research quality criteria were used. These criteria included accuracy, validity, reliability, transferability and confirmability, which were approved. The method of data analysis in the present study was thematic analysis. The results of the analysis showed that among the 121 indicators (items) available, 24 main components can be identified. Based on the results of the research, it could be seen that the structure of the curriculum includes target components (needs assessment, cultural adaptation and individual differences and flexibility), content (challenging, appropriateness and ease of access) and evaluation (suitability of measurement and evaluation with objectives, content and learning resources, clarity and transparency of assessment criteria, use of assessment and evaluation methods and flexible assessment). Regarding the effective factors on the design and compilation of the learning management-based work environment curriculum in the port and maritime organization, the results of the research indicated that managerial factors, organizational factors, individual factors, and educational factors are effective factors. Also, compared to educational management, the learning management paradigm includes effective learning components, knowledge orientation, attitude, and organizational factors. The principles and assumptions of the curriculum model of the workplace based on learning management, including the components of curriculum axes, development factors, value and characteristics of the curriculum based on learning management, including the components of nature characteristics, learning characteristics and environmental characteristics, were identified. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

62 - The effect of self- awareness on the creation of life quality in the architecture of religious places (case study: DezfulJam’e Mosque)
Ahmad Sarrafzadeh Minou Ghareh Baglou Mohammad Ali KayNejad

Human has always been in interaction, one of its aspects is the communication with himself. In this relationship, on one hand, human is placed as a self- aware being and on the other hand, as the real self. In such a way that common sense is affected by his existential More

Human has always been in interaction, one of its aspects is the communication with himself. In this relationship, on one hand, human is placed as a self- aware being and on the other hand, as the real self. In such a way that common sense is affected by his existential nature and affects the quality of life. The goal of the research can be considered to evaluate the biological aspects affecting the internal relationships of self- knowledge between human and the architectural body. Biological quality is created at different levels and shapes the environment in interaction with humans. The method of this research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative factors. So that, in the qualitative review, the topic is addressed using descriptions, observations and library studies, and in its quantitative aspect, it benefits from numerical data and analysis using the scientific method of Codas. The findings of the research show the formation of an internal relationship that has affected the quality of life and architectural environment. so that in each of the senses affecting self- awareness, Different quality levels are created. In this regard, it can be concluded that the purposeful design of architecture in order to shape the quality of life is influenced by the common senses of faith and time with the greatest impact, the sense of unity, presence and place with an average impact, and the sense of safety and awareness with the least impact. So that it is formed in a direct relationship between independent components (spatial physical perception, collective behavior, psychological) and connected components (common senses) and is a platform for achieving a desirable life. Therefore, this issue can be considered as a result of the internal relationship between three aspects of self- awareness, common senses and architecture, which is formed according to the relationship between independent and dependent components in architecture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

63 - Priority based Deployment of IoT Applications in Fog
Masomeh Azimzadeh Ali Rezaee Somayyeh Jafarali Jassbi MohammadMahdi Esnaashari

Fog computing technology has emerged to respond to the need for modern IoT applications for low latency, high security, etc. On the other hand, the limitations of fog computing such as heterogeneity, distribution, and resource constraints make service management in this More

Fog computing technology has emerged to respond to the need for modern IoT applications for low latency, high security, etc. On the other hand, the limitations of fog computing such as heterogeneity, distribution, and resource constraints make service management in this environment challenging. Intelligent service placement means placing application services on fog nodes to ensure their QoS and effective use of resources. Using communities to organize nodes for service placement is one of the approaches in this area, where communities are mainly created based on the connection density of nodes, and applications are placed based on a single-criteria prioritization approach. This leads to the creation of unbalanced communities and inefficient placement of applications. This paper presents a priority-based method for deploying applications in the fog environment. To this end, balanced communities are created and applications are placed in balanced communities based on a multi-criteria prioritization approach. This leads to optimal use of network capacities and increases in QoS. The simulation results show that the proposed method improves deadline by up to 22%, increases availability by about 12%, and increases resource utilization by up to 10%. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

64 - پدیده دوستی در محل کار و شدت اخلاقی کارکنان در شرکت های داروسازی
mojtaba farrokhi

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of friendship in the workplace on moral intensity. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of month. The statistical population of these researchers and More

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of friendship in the workplace on moral intensity. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of month. The statistical population of these researchers and pharmaceutical companies in the city of Isfahan were 1850 people in 1401, of which 322 people were selected as a sample using the available sampling method. This research includes 7 hypotheses, for which a 24-question standard questionnaire was used. In this research, construct validity and validity were used to check the validity of the questionnaire, and Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. SPSS 22 and AMOS 22 software were used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The results of the hypotheses test showed that friendship at work has a significant effect on moral intensity with a value of 0.64. Friendship at work has a significant effect on importance with a value of 0.41. Friendship in the workplace with a value of 0.49 is on the agreement of social influence. friendship at work with a value of 0.41 over proximity; friendship at work with a value of 0.37 on the effect; Friendship at work with a value of 0.46 has a significant effect on time urgency and friendship at work with a value . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

65 - Community-Based Multi-Criteria Placement of Applications in the Fog Environment
Masomeh Azimzadeh Ali Rezaee Somayyeh Jafarali Jassbi MohammadMahdi Esnaashari

Fog computing technology has emerged to respond to the need for modern IoT applications for low latency, high security, etc. On the other hand, the limitations of fog computing such as heterogeneity, distribution, and resource constraints make service management in this More

Fog computing technology has emerged to respond to the need for modern IoT applications for low latency, high security, etc. On the other hand, the limitations of fog computing such as heterogeneity, distribution, and resource constraints make service management in this environment challenging. Intelligent service placement means placing application services on fog nodes to ensure their QoS and effective use of resources. Using communities to organize nodes for service placement is one of the approaches in this area, where communities are mainly created based on the connection density of nodes, and applications are placed based on a single-criteria prioritization approach. This leads to the creation of unbalanced communities and inefficient placement of applications. This paper presents a priority-based method for deploying applications in the fog environment. To this end, balanced communities are created and applications are placed in balanced communities based on a multi-criteria prioritization approach. This leads to optimal use of network capacities and increases in QoS. The simulation results show that the proposed method improves deadline by up to 22%, increases availability by about 12%, and increases resource utilization by up to 10%. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

66 - Comparing the views of Mulla Sadra material movement and Einstein theory of relativity in terms of force, action and event (time-space)
Seyed AbdulHossein Tadain Hossein Soleimani Amoli Abdullah Rajaei Litkohi Ismail Vaez Javadi Amoli

<p>The concept of space and time are intertwined as dimensions of the natural world, the study of each is dependent on the study of the other in order to obtain a better and greater understanding of both. For a better and more complete explanation of the discussion of s More

<p>The concept of space and time are intertwined as dimensions of the natural world, the study of each is dependent on the study of the other in order to obtain a better and greater understanding of both. For a better and more complete explanation of the discussion of space and time, we need a discussion of movement, and of course this relationship is two-way, and it is not possible to talk about movement without discussing the discussion of space and time. The aspects of the prism of space, time and motion are invalid without explaining the other two clauses. The purpose of this research is to compare the views of Mulla Sadra essential movement and Einstein's theory of relativity in terms of force, action and event (time-space) and the research is descriptive. It is analytical. The method of collecting information is a library, which has been done by referring to the relevant libraries, extracting files from Mulla Sadra works, articles and other written works on the topic of research. The findings indicated that Sadr al-Mutalahin believed that the essence of things is in motion, and if the essence of things was not in motion, there would be no movement in their symptoms. Because the existence of substance and width outside of our imagination is one and the movement of modernity is existence. There are two types of existence: fixed existence and fluid existence, the existence of the natural world is fluid and modern, which gradually comes into existence and disappears, and at the same time, its unity and personality are preserved. "Einstein" also considers time as the amount of movement and generalizes movement in all universes. And that's why he considers time and space together and to measure anything, he considers time as a fourth dimension.</p> Manuscript profile

List of Articles Place

Rimag

Links

Related Centers

Technical Support

Official pages