Social Capital

Open Access Article

1 - The Effect of buyer–seller social capital on innovation performance by using customer knowledge development and commitment to innovation
abbasali rastegar Mahdi Dehghani Soltani hossein farsizadeh

The aim of this research is study and investigating The Effect of buyer–seller social capital on innovation performance through the mediating role of customer knowledge development and commitment to innovation. Statistical population included the marketing managers and More

The aim of this research is study and investigating The Effect of buyer–seller social capital on innovation performance through the mediating role of customer knowledge development and commitment to innovation. Statistical population included the marketing managers and research and development manager from the outstanding mineral-industrial export companies in global production networks that the number is 304 and the sample size was 262. In terms of purpose the present study is functional and the data collection method is descriptive. The Model has been investigated by structural equation modeling. The study's test results indicate that innovation performance is positively influenced by shared norms and trust through the mediation of customer knowledge development. Accordingly, innovation performance is also positively influenced by social interaction and shared norm through the mediation of the commitment to innovation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Survey of the relationship between talent management and Social capital in NIOC
hamid rahimi

The purpose of this research was study of relationships between the talent management and social capital in NIOC. Research type was descriptive correlative. Statistical population of research included all personnels who were 220. Statistical sample was 110 who were sel More

The purpose of this research was study of relationships between the talent management and social capital in NIOC. Research type was descriptive correlative. Statistical population of research included all personnels who were 220. Statistical sample was 110 who were selected by random simple sampling method. To gather data, two questionnaires were used: talent management questionnaire with 24 items and social capital questionnaire with 24 items in terms of 5 scales likert. Questionnaires content validity confirmed by experts.The reliability coefficients of questionnaires were obtained through Cronbach alpha as 0.81 for social capital and 0.87 for talent management. Collected data was analyzed at level of inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, one sample t-test and regression) by spss software. Research findings revealed that mean of talent management components and social capital was higher than average. The biggest mean in talent management related to talent Recruitment (3/93). There is a significant and positive relation between talent management components and social capital. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Studying Effect of Creativity and Social Capital on Knowledge Management Maturity in IT industry
Mohammad Hossein Ronaghi

Knowledge management is a competitive advantage in an organization. Knowledge management maturity models assist organizations to evaluate Knowledge management projects and adopt appropriate strategies for progress. Knowledge has a vital role in achieving organizational More

Knowledge management is a competitive advantage in an organization. Knowledge management maturity models assist organizations to evaluate Knowledge management projects and adopt appropriate strategies for progress. Knowledge has a vital role in achieving organizational goals. Knowledge is dependent on people and the relationship between them. Accordingly, this research examines the effect of social capital on knowledge management maturity with the role of mediator of creativity. This research is descriptive survey, in which the questionnaire has been used to collect data. The survey sample consists of 378 randomly taken employees and managers of IT industry. Data collected by structural equation software LISREL has been analyzed. The results revealed social capital has a positive and significant effect on creativity and knowledge management maturity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Tendency evaluation of Neyriz Citizens to participatory management with an emphasis on social capital components
mohammad hossein saraei

Nowadays. Citizens' participation as a key element in achieving the expected goals has a great importance in the management of urban affairs. Because involving people can play an important role in creating urban equilibrium. So, the purpose of this research is to evalua More

Nowadays. Citizens' participation as a key element in achieving the expected goals has a great importance in the management of urban affairs. Because involving people can play an important role in creating urban equilibrium. So, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the tendency of Neyriz citizens to participate in participatory management and explain the correlation between the degree of citizens' access to the components of social capital and their contribution to urban management. single-sample T-test, Independent T-test, variance analysis, Tukey, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman and multiple regression are used to analyze the data. The results of the research and the results of single-sample t-test ( =92/23) indicate the average of citizenship participation rate and This is a significant correlation between participation rate and variables of marital status, job type with significant level of 0/000 and 0/031 But it is not correlated with two variables, gender and literacy rate. On the other hand, there is a significant correlation between citizens' access to social capital with their participation rate with a significant level of 0/000 and the Pearson coefficient of 0.446 ̽ ̽.this means that, the greater social capital among individuals, the proportion of citizen participation in urban management increases. In this regard, the results of multiple regression show that among dimensions of social capital, social cohesion with a beta value (B = 0.292) has had the greatest impact on citizen participation in urban management. So that the linear combination of variance of social capital dimensions can explain 21% of the variance in the level of citizen participation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Spatial analysis of the impact of social capital on the viability of urban neighborhoods
Ayub Manuchehri Hasan Ahar Mirnajaf Musavi

Urban livability is complex and affected by many factors. according to goals, different approaches are used to measure the livability. The purpose of this research is to analyze the role of social capital on livability of Maragheh neighborhoods. The present study consi More

Urban livability is complex and affected by many factors. according to goals, different approaches are used to measure the livability. The purpose of this research is to analyze the role of social capital on livability of Maragheh neighborhoods. The present study consists of three stages: the study of the livability of neighborhoods, social capital Survey of neighborhoods and Finally, an assessment of the impact of social capital indicators on the level of urban livability. The number of livability indicators was 15. Social capital indicators were 5 main indicators and 39 sub-indicators. The research method has been descriptive – analytical. Data collection was field survey and the tool for data collection questionnaires. the sample size is 383. for data analysis, Multiple Regression and Geographically Weighted Regression has been used. The results show that the results of Geographically Weighted Regression has a better reliability than multivariate regression due to the nature of spatial data. The coefficient of social capital impact has been positive in most neighborhoods of the city of Maragheh. The results showed that 90 percent of the livability of Maragheh neighborhoods is estimated by social capital indicators, these results show the important and influential role of social capital on the livability of urban neighborhoods Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Ibn Khaldun‘s “Loyalty” (Asabiyah) and Social Capital; an Analysis of Political Stability
aliakbar asadi kaviji Abolfazl Shakoori

Political stability and social order and, vice versa social decline and decay, are in the center of political and social thought. Centuries ago, an Islamic thinker, Ibn Khaldun discussed social order and political stability and gave a theory in regard of Loyalty (Asabiy More

Political stability and social order and, vice versa social decline and decay, are in the center of political and social thought. Centuries ago, an Islamic thinker, Ibn Khaldun discussed social order and political stability and gave a theory in regard of Loyalty (Asabiyah). Nowadays, the debates on social order and political stability have focused on the concept of “social capital”, and specific attitudes have developed among researchers. The aim of this paper is content analysis of Ibn Khaldun thought about Asabiyah, by comparing it with the concept of social capital; claiming that this can be done by a comparative study between new and traditional concepts. In this method we can throw a new light on the thinker’s thought in order to reload his thought for contemporary era and solving some of problems of current society. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Effect of Social Capital on Access to Political Position
Qumars Ashtarian Tahereh Mehrvarzian

In different societies, there have always been serious conflicts in getting power as the most important and influential element in social-political life, and individuals compete in a variety of ways to get power. The social capital of actors can be very effective in det More

In different societies, there have always been serious conflicts in getting power as the most important and influential element in social-political life, and individuals compete in a variety of ways to get power. The social capital of actors can be very effective in determining the ultimate result of the competition, and the more the volunteers and actors use network communications in competition and, as a result, have the support of collective networks, the more they would be supported by the groups and networks that have influence and power, so they can likely achieve the more political position. The main issue of the article is how the social capital of the network affects the achievement of political status and the method of analysis is descriptive and analytical here. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Investigating ICT on Empowerment Considering Social Capital and Self-Efficacy (Case study: Isfahan Steel Company)
sayyed mohammad reza davoodi javad gharaghani

10.52547/jstpi.21037.18.71.43

Today, it is believed that the existing and central phenomenon of the post-industrial age or the information age is information and communication technologies. The high efficiency of such technologies has led to increasing tendencies to invest in this field and to place More

Today, it is believed that the existing and central phenomenon of the post-industrial age or the information age is information and communication technologies. The high efficiency of such technologies has led to increasing tendencies to invest in this field and to place it within the framework of development plans and the emergence of knowledge-based development plans. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate information and communication technology on empowerment by considering social capital and self-efficacy. The statistical population of the study consists of 130 employees of Isfahan Steel Company during the period 1398 to 1399. Using Morgan table, a sample of 97 people was examined using a questionnaire and the data obtained using statistical software spss 25 and Smart pls were analyzed. The research is descriptive-correlational in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection. Data analysis algorithm by partial least squares method which includes: review of measurement models (Cronbach's alpha, hybrid reliability, convergent validity) and structural model fit (factor load coefficients, significance of path coefficients and determination coefficient, model prediction index, good fit), direction The four components of information and communication technology, social capital, self-efficacy and empowerment were evaluated. Fitting of both parts of the data algorithm with combined reliability values equal to 0.894, 0.881, 0.864, 0.821 and convergent validity equal to 0.661, 0.702, 0.631 and 0.689, respectively, also indicates the desirability and The acceptability of the latent structure was at the level of indicators and components, so the final model was able to properly express the relationships between the questions describing the variable. Also, the findings of this study showed that information and communication technology is effective on empowerment by considering social capital and self-efficacy in Isfahan Steel Company. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Survey of the Social-Credit-Social Joy of the Iranian People
sAEMEH Karimi zare Alireza Erfani

Abstract: Intorduction: Happiness among people in society is as a motor for profitable and productive economic activity, a country in which people with a positive spirit and advanced social capital will certainly have better economic returns and prosperity, so the pres More

Abstract: Intorduction: Happiness among people in society is as a motor for profitable and productive economic activity, a country in which people with a positive spirit and advanced social capital will certainly have better economic returns and prosperity, so the present study It answers the key question: How is the relationship between monetary policy, social capital and the happiness of the Iranian people? Method:The research method used in this study is based on time series analysis and econometric model of VAR model research. In this regard, after evaluating the variables manu- facture, the results of the research are estimated using vector autoregressive approach and cumulative economic analysis related to time series variables and using VAR model. The variables used in this study include gross national product, cash volume, divorce, return checks, and recreational and household spending in Iran during the period 1986-1999. Findings: The results for this 32 year period show: Social capital and the components of happiness are causality, and social capital has a positive effect on the components of a happy economy, as well as the monetary policies, social capital, and happiness of the Iranian people, which have a significant relationship with each other as they affect each other in the long run. Discussin:According to the results of the research, socio-economic recommendations are provided, including appropriate monetary policies at specific times of each period, lowering the unemployment rate in order to reduce the number of people's return checks and trying to Economic growth as well as promotion of social capital and stability of the country's GDP Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The role of industry characteristics in human resource management practices and organizational strengthening of social capital in the country of Iran
Alireza Aliahmadi

Abstract Many scientists, human resources and production management, The next decade are called The human resources decade. In this study seeks to connect human resource management practices in order to strengthen social capital and the role of organizations adjust the More

Abstract Many scientists, human resources and production management, The next decade are called The human resources decade. In this study seeks to connect human resource management practices in order to strengthen social capital and the role of organizations adjust the industrial characteristics on them. Based on a study of 30 top companies in various industries in the country was conducted, the results showed that management practices that focus on facilitating contacts between staff, In relation to social capital and more efficient organization are much more positive. Also, it because the relationship stronger companies are active in industries with lower complexity. The results showed that the intensity of knowledge itself does not have a moderating effect And only seems to exist in order to join the industrial regulations and influence and its connection with human resource management practices and organizational social capital is necessary. The results of the statistical analysis shows that human resource management practices and positive effect on organizational social capital in industries with high intensity control domain is lower. The methodology of this study was descriptive survey and data collection forms library documentation and conducted field sampling questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software was used. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - A framework for organizational social capital development based on the organizational emotional capital
Seyyed Mohammad Toghra hasan Zaree matin Seyyed Hosein Akhavan Alavi Hamid Reza Yazdani

Social capital development is one of the most important challenges of the managers in the today organizations. Decrease of social capital index as level is in Iran proves the necessity of research in this field. Emotional behaviors is an important aspect of interpersona More

Social capital development is one of the most important challenges of the managers in the today organizations. Decrease of social capital index as level is in Iran proves the necessity of research in this field. Emotional behaviors is an important aspect of interpersonal communication. This research tries to develop a framework for social capital development based on the organizational emotional capital. This is a qualitative research and uses grounded theory method with emerging approach. Data collection in this research is done using a semi-structured interview. Interviewees where selected from managers in public sector and NGOs of Markazi and Qom provinces. Theoretical saturation after 16 interviews. Final framework of this research consists of two schemas, first one diagnosis social capital and the second one emotional based development of social capital. Under diagnosis schema there are three main categories causes of social capital weakness symptoms of emotional capital weakness and consequences of social capital weakness. And under the second schema there are four main categories reinforcing phenomenon, central phenomenon (emotional social capital), strategies and outcomes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - The Impact of Organizational Moral Values on Tax Obedience with Emphasis on the Mediating Role of Social Capital
jafar beikzad seyedhamed amiri

Taxation is important for governments in all countries to fund. But this should be done in a context that the role of components that are necessary for the consistency and sustainability of society, including respect for high human and moral values. In the meantime, the More

Taxation is important for governments in all countries to fund. But this should be done in a context that the role of components that are necessary for the consistency and sustainability of society, including respect for high human and moral values. In the meantime, the impact of moral values and social capital on the variable Is an interesting topic that has recently been explored in the field of behavioral finance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of moral values on tax compliance with the mediating role of social capital in the General Department of Taxation of Zanjan Province. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of method. The statistical population of this study is the staff of the General Department of Tax Affairs of Zanjan Province, whose number is 457 people. The statistical sample size was estimated to be 209 using the Cochran relation and was selected by stratified random sampling. Required data with 3 standard questionnaires; The Questionnaire of Ethical Values of the Organization (Namkung, 2010), the Questionnaire of Tax Obedience (Nia Research 1392-93) and the Questionnaire of Social Capital (Nahapit and Gushkal, 1998) were collected and based on structural equation modeling using SPss and PLS software The findings of the study showed a positive and significant effect of the moral values of the organization and social capital on tax compliance; At the same time, the mediating role of social capital in influencing moral values on tax compliance was confirmed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The effect of religious tourism on quality of life and social capital of rural households (Case Study: Bardy village, Dehloran County).
Javad Alibeigi

Religious tourism is one of the oldest forms of tourism that has been considered by human beings which caused changes in the quality of life and social capital of the host society through changes between their interactions. This phenomenon is more obvious in third world More

Religious tourism is one of the oldest forms of tourism that has been considered by human beings which caused changes in the quality of life and social capital of the host society through changes between their interactions. This phenomenon is more obvious in third world countries’ rural areas that are experiencing their early stages of tourism development. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of religious tourism on quality of life and social capital of rural households in Bardi village, Dehloran County. This is an applied research, which benefits from descriptive and analytical method. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire, interviews, observation and desk research while data analysis was done through descriptive and inferential statistics method (Friedman and Wilcoxon tests). The study population was 165 households and 857 people of Bardy village according to 2011 census. Accordingly 102 households were chosen as sample size based on Cochran formula. Research findings show that religious tourism has affected and improved their quality of life in all aspects, including social, environmental (higher than average) and economical, physical (on average), also research findings regarding the social capital component shows that, after the expansion of religious tourism, social participation, social networks and social cohesion has improved, but the aspect of social trust has been reduced dramatically. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Investigating A Conceptual Link Between Tourism and Social Capital in the Development and Transformation of Society: A Mixed-Method Study
Javad Madani

10.52547/journalitor.36155.11.22.257

As a multifaceted phenomenon, tourism has traditionally existed in different dimensions and areas of society. On the other hand, there are some basic concepts in sociology such as social capital, which, together with the concept of tourism, can foster social development More

As a multifaceted phenomenon, tourism has traditionally existed in different dimensions and areas of society. On the other hand, there are some basic concepts in sociology such as social capital, which, together with the concept of tourism, can foster social development and evolution. Therefore, this study sought to develop a model in terms of a conceptual link between tourism and social capital to be used for the development and evolution of society using mixed-method research. To this end, the study used the partially mixed sequential dominant status design approach conducted in three qualitative-qualitative-quantitative phases, according to which systematic review, thematic analysis, and modified Delphi methods were used, respectively. According to the findings of the study, in the first phase, twenty-six English and Persian articles were selected out of 211 reviewed articles using the systematic review method. In the second phase, the data collected through semi-structured interviews were analyzed via the thematic analysis method, according to which sixty-seven basic themes, twenty-six organizing themes, and four inclusive themes were identified and extracted. In the third phase, three rounds of Delphi were conducted to validate the components of the model and examine the extent of the experts’ consensus in this regard using the modified Delphi method. Accordingly, all the experts confirmed the validity of the model’s components. The results of the study indicate the pivotal role of components such as "Providing social support, participating in tourism, observing the civil rights, strengthening social, cultural, and economic infrastructure, etc. in creating a link between tourism and social capital, which can pave the ground for fostering social developments. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Investigating the moderating effect of social capital and environmental uncertainty on entrepreneurial orientation and performance with the mediating role of innovation speed in knowledge-based small and medium enterprises of Razavi Khorasan Province
hossein balouchi Mohammadi Hosseini Seyed Ahmad ehsan mohammadi bajgiran

In today's dynamic environment, having appropriate strategies alone is not enough for organizations and they must be able to coordinate with their environment. It is small and medium companies. This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey in term More

In today's dynamic environment, having appropriate strategies alone is not enough for organizations and they must be able to coordinate with their environment. It is small and medium companies. This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey in terms of data collection method. A questionnaire based on standard questionnaires was used to collect data. The statistical population of the research was the managers of small and medium-sized knowledge-based companies in Khorasan Razavi province, which had more than 316 knowledge-based companies operating in Khorasan Razavi province. Based on Cochran's formula, 320 people were considered as samples and completed the questionnaire. Data analysis for both the direct relationship model and the moderator model was done using the structural equation modeling method in Lisrel software. The obtained results showed that entrepreneurial orientation has an effect on company performance and innovation speed. Also, the mediating role of innovation speed in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance was confirmed. In addition, the results confirmed the moderating role of contingent capital and environmental uncertainty in relation to entrepreneurial orientation and company performance Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Social capital in Islam
علی افسری

Social capital that has been developed by Western scholars is one of the most important concepts in economics, management and social and political sciences. This study examines the the concept of social capital from the Islamic perspective. As a result The study of I More

Social capital that has been developed by Western scholars is one of the most important concepts in economics, management and social and political sciences. This study examines the the concept of social capital from the Islamic perspective. As a result The study of Islamic principles such as unity, brotherhood, justice, taavon, consultation, Mosabereh and Morabeteh, Takafol and Islamic moral virtues show that the implementation of Islamic principles has a large impact on different types and different levels of social capital. In addition, it seems that the implementation of these principles is the most effective way to bring social capital to its highest possible level. Cognitive aspects of Islamic social capital are formed by the unity and brotherhood principles and many moral virtues and the structural aspects are formed by the principles such as taavon, Mosabereh and Morabeteh, consultation, Takafol and social aspects of Islamic rulings. Islamic pattern of social participation can correct the defects of non-Islamic patterns and social participation based on Islamic pattern has a major impact on development of Islamic society. So Propagation of Islamic beliefs and culture and expanding social participation in various affairs are important methods for increasing social capital stock. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Social welfare and its relationship with social capital and sense of security
milad abdi

Social welfare is an expression that is more focused on a multifaceted economic, social and political situation, and preserving the dignity of human beings and society's responsibility towards it and promoting the ability of the whole society is a definition for the wel More

Social welfare is an expression that is more focused on a multifaceted economic, social and political situation, and preserving the dignity of human beings and society's responsibility towards it and promoting the ability of the whole society is a definition for the welfare and comfort of the whole society. In this sense, in the concept of social well-being, it is assumed that it is possible to measure personal well-being, and compare the well-being of people with each other, and create a balance between this individual well-being and the overall well-being of society. Security has penetrated in all environmental, economic, political, social and cultural dimensions. Also, the feeling of security and the high security factor are indicators of development and the state of Basaman, which, as one of the most important indicators of social welfare, overshadows other indicators of this category. The feeling of security is subjective in this category and it can be said that it has all aspects of security in it. This concept is one of the important and influential concepts in social welfare issues. The purpose of this article is to describe social welfare and its relation to the feeling of security and social capital in society. By examining the concepts and perspectives, we come to the conclusion that there is a direct relationship between social welfare and social capital, and there is also a significant relationship between social welfare and a sense of security. The article is the result of documentary and library study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - The Impact of Organizational Moral Values on Tax Obedience with Emphasis on the Mediating Role of Social Capital
جعفر بیک زاد سیدحامد امیری

Tax taking is important for governments in all countries for funding. But this issue should be done in a context that the role of components that are necessary for the consistency and sustainability of society, including respect for high human and moral values. In the m More

Tax taking is important for governments in all countries for funding. But this issue should be done in a context that the role of components that are necessary for the consistency and sustainability of society, including respect for high human and moral values. In the meantime, the impact of moral values and social capital on the variable is an interesting issue that has recently been investigated in the field of behavioral finance. This paper investigated the effect of moral values on tax compliance with the mediating role of social capital in the General Department of Taxation of Zanjan Province. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of method. The statistical population of this study is the staff of the General Department of Tax Affairs of Zanjan Province, whose number is 457 people. The statistical sample size was estimated to be 209 using the Cochran relation and was selected by stratified random sampling. Required data with 3 standard questionnaires; The Questionnaire of Ethical Values of the Organization (Namkung, 2010), the Questionnaire of Tax Obedience (Pazhuhesh Nia1392-93) and the Questionnaire of Social Capital (Nahapit and Gushkal, 1998) were collected and based on structural equation modeling using SPss and PLS software. The findings showed a positive and significant effect of the organization's moral values and social capital on tax compliance; in addition, the mediating role of social capital in influencing moral values on tax compliance was confirmed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - The effect of lifestyle and social capital on life satisfaction among the elderly (Case of study: the elderly of District 6 of Tehran in 1400)
sayyed atollah sinaee mahnaz jalili fateme kamalkhani

Old age is one of the periods in the life of every person who has passed through the process of childhood, adolescence and youth and has stepped into another stage of life. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of lifestyle and social More

Old age is one of the periods in the life of every person who has passed through the process of childhood, adolescence and youth and has stepped into another stage of life. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of lifestyle and social capital on life satisfaction among the elderly. This research is a survey in terms of method, in terms of nature and purpose; It is descriptive-applied and the statistical population of the research includes all the elderly people of the 6th district of Tehran, who were selected by random sampling and based on Cochran's formula in an unknown population of 384 people. The data collection tool of this research is a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the research tool was evaluated by face validity and reliability by Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was done with multivariate regression and SPSS software. The results of the hypothesis test show that social capital has a positive effect on life satisfaction among the elderly. Social trust has a positive effect on life satisfaction among the elderly. Social participation has a positive effect on life satisfaction among the elderly. Social cohesion has a positive effect on life satisfaction among the elderly. Lifestyle has a positive effect on life satisfaction among the elderly. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Explanation of the Ssocial Factors of Work Ethic(Case of Study: Academic Staff Members of Universities in Tehran)
Abazar Ashtari Mehrjardi

The university is considered the most important pillar of society's development, and the expansion of work ethics and its institutionalization provide the foundations for scientific and industrial prosperity in it. The main purpose of this article is to explain social f More

The university is considered the most important pillar of society's development, and the expansion of work ethics and its institutionalization provide the foundations for scientific and industrial prosperity in it. The main purpose of this article is to explain social factors related to work ethics. The research method was a survey (quantitative) and the tool was a questionnaire (which had acceptable validity and reliability). Due to the uncertainty of the exact number of faculty members of Tehran universities (statistical society), 300 people were randomly selected and questionnaires were distributed among them, and finally 292 forms were completed and entered into the analysis. Findings The results show that the tendency towards academic work ethics is higher among the married group, younger faculty members, and among the disciplines, respectively, social sciences, educational sciences, agriculture (especially the field of agricultural promotion and education) and finally, basic sciences. The results of the statistical tests also show that there is a direct relationship between social cohesion, social trust, social participation and religious affiliation, and between age, social anomie, feeling of relative deprivation and feeling of social discrimination with work ethic, and in the regression model, this is also a significant indirect relationship. The factors have been able to explain 0.43 percent of changes in the dependent variable (commitment to work ethics) Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Marginalization and Social Capital: A Comparison of Women in Marginal and Non-Marginal Areas of Sari
Javad Feli Ali Gorji karsami

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Marginalization and Social Capital: A Comparison of Women in Marginal and   Non-Marginal Areas of Sari       Javad Feli<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>   Ali Gorji Karsami<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">**</a>   Introduction   Social capital is considered to be a network of relationships, interactions, and the values and norms governing these relationships, which can create the necessary platform for the realization of society's goals by fostering trust, convergence, and proper interaction. To achieve collective goals, relying on and emphasizing social capital—meaning establishing trust, creating a spirit of cooperation, and fostering correct interaction—is essential and precedes other matters. By establishing contact with each other, members of society can cooperate, and social relations and interactions between people are influenced by various social, economic, and cultural changes.   The gathering of immigrants with different cultures in unsuitable living environments, along with unemployment and poverty, leads to the creation of delinquent neighborhoods and various psychological problems. Criminological studies and social psychology have always found their most important subjects in big, dense cities and among immigrants. In underdeveloped countries, urbanization expands along with the growth of services independent of industrial development, leading to decreased production, hidden and open unemployment, and the rise of urban crimes. Marginalization and its consequences can be seen as social damage and problems. It should not be overlooked that, in addition to the negative aspects of marginalization in the social structure and spatial construction of cities, this environment also has negative consequences for the marginalized themselves. These include the presence of crime and delinquency in these areas, an inappropriate social, economic, and cultural environment for children and teenagers, a sense of insecurity, and the lack of welfare, cultural facilities, and necessary amenities for youth and teenagers to spend their free time. This creates a poor way of life for these people.   The main problem of the research is whether there is a significant difference in the amount of social capital among women in marginal and non-marginal areas of Sari city.       Methodology   This research employed a field-based survey method and was practical in purpose. The statistical population comprised 143,764 women over 15 years old in Sari. Based on Krejci and Morgan's standard sampling table, 384 participants were selected as the sample. To access the sample, a cluster random sampling method was used. Marginalized areas in Sari city, including Koi-e- Shahid Chamran, Ghafari neighborhood, and Azadi neighborhood, were randomly selected, while Farhang Street, Javadiyeh area, and Beasath area were chosen from non-marginalized areas. The data collection tool was a social capital questionnaire. The social capital measured in this research was divided into four dimensions: social participation, social trust, social cohesion, and social relations, each with 32 items across these four dimensions. The four dimensions of social capital were theoretically and operationally defined. The validity of the questionnaires was established through expert opinions, and the reliability, as measured by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.84 for the social capital questionnaire and for each component: social participation (0.74), social trust (0.91), social cohesion (0.83), and social relations (0.87). Data analysis used the Levene test, which showed a significance level (sig) of 0.114, greater than 0.05, indicating the use of the assumption of equal variances.       Findings   The research findings indicated that the average levels of social capital (99.63), social participation (23.36), social trust (27.24), social cohesion (27.38), and social relations (21.63) were higher among residents of non-marginal areas compared to the average levels in marginalized areas: social capital (74.87), social participation (16.37), social trust (19.27), social cohesion (24.46), and social relations (14.75). Therefore, it can be concluded that the type of residence—whether marginalized or non-marginalized—affects the amount of social capital.   According to the t-statistic results (t = 25.41, sig = 0.000 for the first hypothesis; t = 29.25, sig = 0.000 for the second hypothesis; t = -9.29, sig = 0.000 for the third hypothesis; t = 19.94, sig = 0.000 for the fourth hypothesis), at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05) and (df) = 384 - 2, which is greater than the critical t-value (t = 1.64), the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. The research hypothesis is strongly supported by the data, with 95% confidence, indicating a significant difference between the views of women from marginalized and non-marginalized areas of Sari regarding the four components of social capital. Both groups of women recognize a significant difference in the status and level of these components in their respective areas.   Additionally, the overall t-statistic (t = 24.963, sig = 0.000 for the main hypothesis), at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05) and (df) = 382, is greater than the critical t-value (t = 1.64), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis (H0) and strong confirmation of the research hypothesis. Therefore, we conclude with 95% certainty that there is a significant difference between the views of women in marginalized and non-marginalized areas of Sari regarding the status and amount of social capital.       Conclusion   The findings suggest that the type of residence—marginal or non-marginal—affects the amount of social capital. According to Putnam's theory, suburbanization or marginalization is a factor in reducing social capital. Coleman also identifies migration and relocation of families as influential in decreasing social capital. Ofe and Fuchs consider living in suburbs or marginalized areas as affecting social capital levels. Putnam's theory indicates that marginalization limits people's opportunities to interact, as they must allocate more time to daily tasks and less to socializing. This situation impacts all indicators of social capital.   Social cohesion is higher in non-marginal areas. According to the theory of social disorganization, factors such as reduced efficiency of social institutions like family and kinship restrictions, which act as informal forces to control social norms, are consequences of industrialization, urbanization, and increasing immigration. Marginal residents, many with less than eight years of peripheral experience, have not had the opportunity to form new relationships. Moreover, immigrants from diverse regions and cultures disrupt existing kinship and family ties.   The results also reveal a significant difference in trust levels between marginalized and non-marginalized areas, with non-marginalized residents showing higher trust. Marginal residents often experience mistrust towards government organizations due to indifference from officials and poor conditions in marginalized areas. Social inequalities and unfair income distribution further contribute to this mistrust. Additionally, rising crime rates and lack of cooperation in addressing these issues reduce public trust.   In conclusion, the social capital of marginalized women in Sari differs significantly from that of non-marginalized women. This difference is influenced by social, cultural, and economic contexts, as well as the cross-sectional perspective of urban decision-makers. Erosion of social capital in marginalized regions affects their resilience in risk management and crisis situations. <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">* </a>Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. <a href="mailto:Javad_feli@pnu.ac.ir">Javad_feli@pnu.ac.ir</a> </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">**</a> Ph.D. Student in Social Issues Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. drali.gorjik@gmail.com </div> </div>   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Analysis of the effects of "SPRAWL REPAIR" on social capital
mohamad taghi heydari saadi saedi

Mohammad Taqi Heidari Saadi Saedi Doise Abstract In addition to the negative environmental and economic effects, the scattered growth of cities has many social costs, these costs increase day by day with the displacement and distance of urban neighborhoods fr More

Mohammad Taqi Heidari Saadi Saedi Doise Abstract In addition to the negative environmental and economic effects, the scattered growth of cities has many social costs, these costs increase day by day with the displacement and distance of urban neighborhoods from the city center and the formation of urban suburbs. Urban sprawl does not have a social cost by itself, but population displacement is the first consequence of urban expansion that affects the social network. Social problems related to dispersion, such as lack of diversity, poor communication, and as a result, the reduction of social capital, as well as health problems such as obesity due to dependence on cars, have been attributed to it. Dispersion abandons neighborhood structure in favor of car-dependent patterns, resulting in driving being mandatory for almost all daily activities. Finally, commentators such as Putnam argue that the low-density suburban lifestyle associated with sprawl also reduces social capital and leads to a less healthy society. Sprawl Repair transforms sprawling car-dominated urban developments into whole communities that perform better economically, socially and environmentally. The purpose of the strategy of regeneration of dispersions is to create communities based on neighborhood units. The primary tactic of this method is to insert required elements such as buildings, high density, public space, additional communications, etc. to complete and diversify the scattered monocultural masses. Considering that today, participation-oriented and people-based approaches are among the most progressive and accepted approaches in the field of urban design, therefore, in this research, which was carried out using a descriptive and analytical method, an attempt is made to compare the concept of social capital with Sprawl Repair, which is A new tactic has been introduced in the regeneration of dispersions and the creation of complete communities, and finally we prove that the regeneration of urban dispersion is a driving force and a facilitating factor that has positive consequences on social capital. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Investigating the role of social capital in the performance of Tonekabon border cooperatives
Ebrahim Shiroud Ashourian میثم موسائی شهلا کاظم پور

Border Cooperatives are one of the most populous cooperatives that were established with the aim of increasing the level of welfare and economic power of border people and due to the fragile employment situation and economic activities in border areas, they need double More

Border Cooperatives are one of the most populous cooperatives that were established with the aim of increasing the level of welfare and economic power of border people and due to the fragile employment situation and economic activities in border areas, they need double support and their performance should be considered. In this regard, the present study, using the survey method and the use of SPSS and Smart PLS software, seeks to answer the main question: what is the role of social capital in the performance of Tonekabon border cooperatives? The statistical population of the present study is all members of Tonekabon city border cooperatives, whose number according to the latest statistics is about 92,000 people and 384 of them were selected using the Cochran's formula as the sample size. The results indicate that between the total amount of social capital (0.34) and its dimensions, ie social trust (0.38), social participation (0.41), social cohesion (0.30), social support (0.27) 0), social awareness (0.35), social communication (0.36) with the political participation of citizens there is a positive, direct and significant relationship. Therefore, all research hypotheses are confirmed. The results of the structural equation model (Smart PLS) also showed that the total effect of the independent variable of social capital on the performance of frontier cooperatives is 0.55, which by considering the values of the volume of the effect of the coefficient of determination of this value in the amount Average (0.30) is estimated. Manuscript profile

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