Distribution

Open Access Article

1 - Investigating the effect of using various marketing strategies on social networks on gaining the trust of council customers Investigating ترجمه‌های investigate فعلفراوانی بررسی کردن investigate, check, peruse, survey, study رسیدگی کردن consider, attend, check, investigate, inspect, investigate استفسار کردن investigate وارسی کردن sift, investigate پژوهیدن investigate, inquire, research, search تحقیق کردن investigate, inquire, verify, assay, interrogate, question اطلاعات مقدماتی بدست اوردن investigate جستار کردن investigate تفتیش کردن inquire, inspect, investigate, revise باز جویی کردن examine, assay, inquire, interrogate, investigate, cross-examine تعریف‌های investigate فعل ۱ carry out a systematic or formal inquiry to discover and examine the facts of (an incident, allegation, etc.) so as to establish the truth. police are investigating the alleged beating مترادف‌ها: check outsuss outgive something the once-overscope outinquire intolook intogo intolook overprobeexplorescrutinizeconduct an investigation intoconduct an inquiry intomake inquiries abouttry to get to the bottom ofinspectanalyzestudyexamineconsiderresearchsearch/sift the evidence concerningpore overdelve intoauditevaluatefollow up مترادف investigate فعل check outsuss outgive something the once-overscope out inquire intolook intogo intolook overprobeexplorescrutinizeconduct an investigation intoconduct an inquiry intomake inquiries abouttry to get to the bottom ofinspectanalyzestudyexamineconsiderresearchsearch/sift the evidence concerningpore overdelve intoauditevaluatefollow up همچنین ببینید investigate
farzaneh milani jafari zenouzi

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of using variety of marketing strategies in social networks to build customers’ trust. Marketing through social networks has made appropriate opportunities for companies to attract more customers. Building customers' tr More

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of using variety of marketing strategies in social networks to build customers’ trust. Marketing through social networks has made appropriate opportunities for companies to attract more customers. Building customers' trust and attracting the customers can be mentioned as marketing challenges on these networks. So, in order to create competitive advantages, companies need to use appropriate strategies of building trust. The population of this study consists of all Iranian users of social networking sites that affected by companies advertisements. Also the sample size by using snowball sampling method is 446. The research method is descriptive survey research and data collection tool is questionnaire. To test hypotheses the partial least squares (PLS) technique and SmartPLS 3 software has been used. The results show that all four variables include: transactional, relationship, database and knowledge-based marketing strategies in social networks have a significant impact to build customers’ trust. Indeed, transactional strategy has negative impact on trust so the relation between this variable and dependent variable is reverse. knowledge-based marketing strategy has the most positive impact on customers’ trust. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The Evaluating of Spatial Distribution of Population and Services in Urban Zones of Tabriz
Rahim Sarvar

Today one of the most important issues in urban planning, discussion of balanced and proportionate development in cities having a population of urban services is appropriate. The urban planners to collect and analyze local and spatial data and reflect the results to u More

Today one of the most important issues in urban planning, discussion of balanced and proportionate development in cities having a population of urban services is appropriate. The urban planners to collect and analyze local and spatial data and reflect the results to urban managers are trying in achieving this goal is the distribution of urban facilities and services will lead to a way that will benefit all social groups in society and lead to social and spatial justice in cities. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between population distribution and the distribution of urban services in urban regions, 37 urban regions of Tabriz and evaluation its urban areas and its population; the civil service has been made. In this study, to assess the distribution of population of the relative entropy model and to assess distribution of services have been used TOPSIS model. The method of this study is descriptive-analytical. The results of entropy model indicates that the distribution of population is proportionate in Tabriz; Also, the evaluation results the distribution of urban services in urban regions indicate that regions of zone 9,10 Tabriz which have the lowest utility and region 1 of zone 2 and zone 3 in the TOPSIS model are having the greatest enjoyment of civil service. Also, the evaluation results correlation between population rank and to its impact on the enjoyment of civil service pay, by using of the Spearman model about (0.4991) shows a high correlation between population rank and access to urban services exist. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The Survey of moisture advection pattern of Iran's Comprehensive precipitations

Transferring the water vapor in the atmosphere directly depend on the conditions of atmospheric circulation, amount and path of humidity changes related to the atmospheric circulation variation. one of the main factors of atmospheric circulation affecting on transferrin More

Transferring the water vapor in the atmosphere directly depend on the conditions of atmospheric circulation, amount and path of humidity changes related to the atmospheric circulation variation. one of the main factors of atmospheric circulation affecting on transferring the moisture is high pressure centers that if placed on the water surface and humidity resources causes the moisture advection in a widely area. However, the role of low pressure systems and cyclones in advection and moisture flux, although not as much as high-pressure systems, but also played a significant role in transmitting and condition of moisture advection. the aim of this study is survey the moisture advection of Iran's precipitations. in this regard, pressure data, specific humidity, u wind and v wind parameters in 500, 700, 850 and 1000 hpa from NCEP/NCAR database were extracted and analyzed. the results showed that the moisture advection of iran's precipitations is related to the moisture advection pattern of low pressure of dual-core of Sudan and east Mediterranean - Europe high pressure, moisture advection pattern of multicore low pressure of central Iran, east Mediterranean and south east of Saudi Arabian, moisture advection pattern of high-pressure of north west of Europe- low pressure of Persian gulf, moisture advection pattern of high pressure of Siberia and Kazakhstan- low pressure of south east of Iran and low pressure of Mediterranean. Overly, the results showed that Arabian Sea in low level and Mediterranean Sea in high level had an important role in moisture advection of Iran's precipitations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Magmatic evolution of the Nasrand granitic in Petrology, intrusion and associated dikes
زهرا Hamzehie فاطمه Sarjoughian جمشید Ahmadian علی کنعانیان

The Nasrand granitoid intrusion, which is located at southeast of Ardestan, consists of granite and granodiorite that intruded Eocene volcanic rocks and cut by NW-trending doleritic dikes. The granitic rocks display granular, pertitic, granophyric and poikilitic texture More

The Nasrand granitoid intrusion, which is located at southeast of Ardestan, consists of granite and granodiorite that intruded Eocene volcanic rocks and cut by NW-trending doleritic dikes. The granitic rocks display granular, pertitic, granophyric and poikilitic textures. Plagioclase crystals in these rocks composed of two distinct generation (large phenocrysts along with inclusions of lath-shaped crystals) and often exhibit zoning patterns and sieve textures. The conspicuous disequilibrium textures in the granitoid rocks may suggest that magma mixing beside fractional crystallization play a significant role in the formation of the plutonic rocks. In confirmation of petrographic data, crystal size distribution (CSD) technique was also used to determine crystallization conditions and magmatic processes that lead to the formation of the rocks. Increasing of feldspar crystal size in a semi-logarithmic plot of population density versus size represents fractional crystallization, whereas disruption and curvature of cumulative density of plagioclase and orthoclase on the semi-logarithmic diagram, indicating the arrival of new magma into the magma reservoir and confirm the importance of magma mixing. Additional chemical features such as variation trends of Rb versus Rb/Sr and Nb versus Nb/Y in the samples can be regarded as an indicator of magma mixing processes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The role of silica fractal distribution in textural evolutions and gold mineralization processes in Ramand region (Qazvin Province)
SeydReza Mehrnia

Ramand region is a part of Urmia-Dokhtar magmatic belt that is located among a variety of crossed faulted structures and magmatic occurrences including Paleogene rhyolite and rhyodacite formations as the major related host units to hydrothermal ore deposits. Different k More

Ramand region is a part of Urmia-Dokhtar magmatic belt that is located among a variety of crossed faulted structures and magmatic occurrences including Paleogene rhyolite and rhyodacite formations as the major related host units to hydrothermal ore deposits. Different kinds of clayey, silicified and Fe-rich alterations indicate a post magmatic vein type mineralization potential along Ramand crushed zones and structures. Well-developed alterations have been extended around volcanic extrusions with variety of textural zonation in quartz and chalcedonic vein systems similar to epithermal deposits. This research introduces a fractal based technique (Area-Concentration function) to obtain the priority map of Au-mineralization with an emphasis on quartzitic-pyritic textural evolutions in Ramand region. As a rule, self-organized crystallized textures (such as crustiform quartz) have more valuable ore content than glassy textures (vitrophiric), because of stepwise enrichment advantages in the hypogenic environment of epithermal deposits. Litho-geochemical sampling is the main and prior procedure for studying quartz textural zonation as well as instrumental quantitative measurement of the elements. Results showed a volcanic hosted formation with crustiform quartzitic textures is mineralized in the western part of Ramand region. Mineralized veins are specified by silica nonlinear distribution (SiO2) related to textural evolutions in the quartz-hematite facies (Au=820 ppb) as the main targets for detail explorations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - A New Upper Bound for Free Space Optical Channel Capacity Using a Simple Mathematical in Equality
Arezu Rezazadeh Ghosheh Abed Hodtani

10.7508/jist.2013.01.001

In this paper, by using a simple mathematical inequality, we derive a $ new upper bound fkr the capacity of$ free space optical channel in coherent case. Then, by applying general fading distribution, we obtain an upper bound for mutual information in non-coherent cas More

In this paper, by using a simple mathematical inequality, we derive a $ new upper bound fkr the capacity of$ free space optical channel in coherent case. Then, by applying general fading distribution, we obtain an upper bound for mutual information in non-coherent case. Finally, we derive the corresponding optimal input distributions for both coherent and non-coherent cases, compare the results with previous works numerically and illustrate that our results subsume some of previous results in special cases. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - A Low-Jitter 20-110MHz DLL Based on a Simple PD and Common-Mode Voltage Level Corrected Differential Delay Elements
Sarang Kazeminia Khayrollah Hadidi Abdollah Khoei

10.7508/jist.2014.03.005

In this paper, a 16-phases 20MHz to 110MHz low jitter delay locked loop, DLL, is proposed in a 0.35µm CMOS process. A sensitive open loop phase detector, PD, is introduced based on a novel idea to simply detect small phase differences between reference clock and generat More

In this paper, a 16-phases 20MHz to 110MHz low jitter delay locked loop, DLL, is proposed in a 0.35µm CMOS process. A sensitive open loop phase detector, PD, is introduced based on a novel idea to simply detect small phase differences between reference clock and generated delayed signals. High sensitivity, besides the simplicity reduces the dead zone of PD and gives a better jitter on output generated clock signals, consequently. A new strategy of common mode setting is utilized on differential delay elements which no longer introduce extra parasitics on output nodes and brings the duty cycle of generated clock signals near to 50 percent. Also, small amplitude differential clock is carefully transferred inside the circuit to considerably suppress the noise effect of supply voltage. Post-Layout simulation results confirm the RMS jitter of less than 6.7ps at 20MHz and 2ps at 100MHz input clock frequency when the 3.3Volts supply voltage is subject to 75mVolts peak-to-peak noise disturbances. Total power consumption reaches from 7.5mW to 16.5mW when the operating frequency increases from 20MHz to 100MHz. The proposed low-jitter DLL can be implemented in small active area, around 380µm×210µm including the clock generation circuit, which is proper to be repeatedly used inside the chip. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Assessing the Company's E-Readiness for Implementing Mobile-CRM System
Alireza Kamanghad Gholamreza Hashemzade Mohammadali Afshar kazemi Nosratollah Shadnoosh

10.7508/jist.2019.01.006

In today’s world, most of companies are trying to survive in a competitive environment which has been increased in recent years. This competition has raised the customer power to select desired products and services among different suppliers and providers. So the import More

In today’s world, most of companies are trying to survive in a competitive environment which has been increased in recent years. This competition has raised the customer power to select desired products and services among different suppliers and providers. So the importance of customer satisfaction and loyalty has been increased dramatically for companies and businesses. This is more important for distributor companies who deal with a lot of customers in a B2B market. Mobile-CRM has emerged new opportunities on customer satisfaction and can play as an efficient tool that will make great adjustments, savings and benefits for companies to provide better services for customers and have more retain customers. But implementing a Mobile-CRM system is a complicated large project that affects all aspects of an organization and needs a huge investment which increases the risk of failure. To avoid this risk, the assessing of company’s E-Readiness before starting main project is necessary. In this research we have used VERDICT model as a suitable model for assessing E-Readiness of a company willing to implement a Mobile-CRM system. A large distributor company is the case study of this research. The research is conducted based on a descriptive-survey method using questionnaire tools for extracting the experts' opinion and determining the company’s E-Readiness level. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - A New Non-Gaussian Performance Evaluation Method in Uncompensated Coherent Optical Transmission Systems
Seyed Sadra Kashef paeez azmi

10.7508/jist.2019.03.001

In this paper, the statistical distribution of the received quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal components is analyzed after propagation in a dispersion uncompensated coherent optical fiber link. Two Gaussian tests, the Anderson-Darling and the Jarque-Bera have More

In this paper, the statistical distribution of the received quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal components is analyzed after propagation in a dispersion uncompensated coherent optical fiber link. Two Gaussian tests, the Anderson-Darling and the Jarque-Bera have been used to measure the distance from the Gaussian distribution. By increasing the launch power, the received signal distribution starts to deviate from Gaussian. This deviation can have significant effects in system performance evaluation. The use of the Johnson s_U distribution is proposed for the performance evaluation of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing in an uncompensated coherent optical system. Here, the Johnson s_U is extended to predict the performance of multi-subcarrier and also single carrier systems with M-QAM signals. In particular, symbol error rate is derived based on the Johnson s_U distribution and performance estimations are verified through accurate Monte-Carlo simulations based on the split-step Fourier method. In addition, a new formulation for the calculation of signal to noise ratio is presented, which is more accurate than those proposed in the literature. In the linear region, the Johnson based estimations are the same as Gaussian; however, in the nonlinear region, Johnson s_U distribution power prediction is more accurate than the one obtained using the Gaussian approximation, which is verified by the numerical results. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Optical Power Distributions for 4×4 MIMO Visible Light Communications in Indoor Environment
lwaa abdulameer Ahmed Hassan Aliaa T. Obeed Aya N. Dahir

10.29252/jist.8.31.140

Visible Light Communication (VLC) has emerged as a powerful technique for wireless communication systems. Providing high data rate and increasing capacity are the major problems in VLC. Recent evidence suggests that Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technique can of More

Visible Light Communication (VLC) has emerged as a powerful technique for wireless communication systems. Providing high data rate and increasing capacity are the major problems in VLC. Recent evidence suggests that Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technique can offers improved data rates and increased link range. This paper describes the design and implementation of visible light communication system in indoor environment exploring the benefits of MIMO. The specific objective of this research was to implement a 4×4 Multiple Input (LEDs) Multiple Output (photodetectors)-VLC communication system, where a 16 white power LEDs in four arrays are setting up at transmitter and four RX modules are setting up at receiver side without the need for additional power or bandwidth as well as analyze a mathematical model for a VLC- 4×4 MIMO with different modes such as the suitable angles to cover the entire room. The research designs practically an electronic circuit for the transmitter and receiver with inexpensive components. The power distribution of different propagation modes is calculated for Single Input Single Output (SISO) and MIMO channels in typical room dimensions. The results in this paper indicate that the power is distributed uniformly for entire room when implemented VLC-MIMO as compared to VLC-SISO. Furthermore, a 4×4 MIMO implementing VLC is compared in term of BER vs. SINR with SISO communication system for both Line of Sight (LOS) and Non Line of Sight (NLOS) propagation modes. Comparing the two results of LOS and NLOS, it can be seen that a 4×4 MIMO implementing VLC for LOS perform better than the same system with NLOS due to decreasing in the received power resulted from the multipath effect. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Secure Key Management Scheme for Hierarchical Network Using Combinatorial Design
Siddiq Iqbal B R Sujatha

10.52547/jist.15691.10.37.20

The wireless sensor network (WSN) signifies to a gathering of spatially spread and committed sensors for observing and logging the physical states of the environment and for organizing the information gathered at the central Base station. Many security threats may affec More

The wireless sensor network (WSN) signifies to a gathering of spatially spread and committed sensors for observing and logging the physical states of the environment and for organizing the information gathered at the central Base station. Many security threats may affect the functioning of these networks. Security of the data in the system depends on the cryptographic procedure and the methods where encryption and decryption keys are developed among the sensors. Symmetric key foundation is one of the best applicable ideal models for safe exchanges in WSNs. The main goal is to improve and evaluate certain issues, such as node attack, to provide better key strength, connectivity, security for node interaction, and throughput. Uniform Balanced Incomplete Block Design (UBIBD) is used to generate the keys allocated by the base station to the cluster head. The cluster head distributes keys to its members using Symmetric Balanced Incomplete Block Design (SBIBD), and the keys are refreshed on a regular basis to avoid out-of-date entries. In wireless sensor networks, compromised nodes can be used to inject false reports. The concept of interacting between sensor nodes using keys and establishing a secure connection aids in ensuring the network's security. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Review of Water Conveyance and Distribution Efficiency in Irrigation Networks in Iran and its Estimation Methods
zeynab sojoodi Seyyed Mehdi Hashemy Shahedany

Irrigation networks are responsible for the distribution and delivery of agricultural water, so improving their performance reduces losses and increases the efficiency of water distribution, and thus leads to improved water efficiency. Investigating the operation of irr More

Irrigation networks are responsible for the distribution and delivery of agricultural water, so improving their performance reduces losses and increases the efficiency of water distribution, and thus leads to improved water efficiency. Investigating the operation of irrigation networks is essential for planning and improving irrigation networks and systems. The first purpose of the assessment is to determine the amount of losses that occur in the process of distribution and delivery of agricultural water in the network of irrigation canals. Losses in agricultural water conveyance and distribution systems occur for two main reasons: leakage and improper performance of canal structures that cause operating losses. Various factors such as weed growth in canals, accumulation of sediment in canals, accumulation of garbage in canals, cracking of canal cover, crushing or moving of concrete parts in canals, destruction due to poor quality of materials and lack of sufficient knowledge of total operation and the wisdom of the country's water decision-makers is increasing losses in agricultural distribution and delivery systems. Factors influencing the operation of networks include regular annual maintenance process and the operation of network operators to timely and correctly adjust the catchment structures to prevent unstable hydraulic conditions in the main and secondary channels, which can be invested in training operators and teams. Management and operation in irrigation networks significantly reduced the volume of operation losses. In this study, the results of studies on the determination of conveyance and distribution efficiencies in irrigation networks have been reviewed and summarized. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Identification and explanation effective factors in Fire Stations site selection in run down texture
Ahmad Heydari Hamidreza Joudaki

From among available uses and services, significant importance is distribution efficient site selection of Fire station, in the case of important and attention to the safety and arrangement in coping on fire and accident with increase Population and density in city ,ser More

From among available uses and services, significant importance is distribution efficient site selection of Fire station, in the case of important and attention to the safety and arrangement in coping on fire and accident with increase Population and density in city ,services, fire organization is duty supply in the coping with fire. In run down and old texture because of supply suitable access and minimum standard time to fire place and in general supply urban safety establish fire station is more important. The basic goal of this research is identification main factors in site selection for establish fire stations in run down texture. In this research ,at first survey and identification main factors in site selection in run down texture with use of AHP method ,this is a multi-criteria decision making and then weighting and prioritization fire station site selection criterion and sub criterion. The results show that between factor such as access, population density, nearness and natural disasters, access factor appropriating access most weight in fire stations site selection in Tehran run down texture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - The Effect of Intellectual Property Rights on Income Distribution in MENA Region Countries
Abolfazll Shahabadi Sara Sarygol

The issue of income distribution and inequalities of it has been the topic of discussion in many societies. So always try to be the factors that cause variation in the distribution of income can be identified. If you can identify the factors affecting the distribution o More

The issue of income distribution and inequalities of it has been the topic of discussion in many societies. So always try to be the factors that cause variation in the distribution of income can be identified. If you can identify the factors affecting the distribution of income in order to achieve the goal of achieving sustainable development and social justice. Since the notion of concepts such as innovation and creativity over the last transaction has been valued and also have been supported as valuable assets, therefore the importance of intellectual property rights in creating and fostering innovation and creative ideas and their effects on intellectual property rights of income distribution in the Mena region countries particularly Iran is reviewed during the period 1995-2005. The study results suggest that the Mena region countries in the Gini index and in intellectual property rights are undesirable. Intellectual property rights have two different effects on income distribution: on the one hand, with the support of creativity and innovation to create productive employments, increased productivity and generated wealth through science and technology can improve the income distribution and on the other hand the income distribution is worsening perhaps due to the increased prices of goods, services and technologies resulting from its monopoly. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Prioritization of Power Distribution Smart Grid Technologies based on the Attractiveness Criteria, Case Study on Mazandaran Power Distribution Company
1Maral Mohaghegh Babak Shirazi

10.7508/jstpi.2016.04.006

A smart grid is the modern power grid to resolve many issues of current power grid systems with higher reliability, self-healing, ability to support renewable energy sources and reduction of environmental impacts. Novelty and necessity of power smart grid knowledge has More

A smart grid is the modern power grid to resolve many issues of current power grid systems with higher reliability, self-healing, ability to support renewable energy sources and reduction of environmental impacts. Novelty and necessity of power smart grid knowledge has led to feel technologies assessment is needed for development and determination the attractiveness of product and process technologies in this industry. Distribution network is an important part of a power system and nearest part to the consumers that should pay special attention to it. The aim of this study was to prioritize power smart grid technology with respect to the attractiveness criteria in Mazandaran power distributed company. So, the list of key technologies related to power smart grid was prepared. Then 9 criteria were identified. Questionnaire was designed to obtain the experts’ point about the status of each technology in every criteria. Saw is Multiple Attribute Decision Making model for weighing the criteria, determining the relative status of each technology, group decision-making and technology assessment. The results show that moment billing, wireless, load forecasting, energy costs calculating and software are the most important technologies based on the attractiveness in the Mazandaran power distribution company. Also is the basic step for planning, strategy of technologies and time management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Talent Management and Meritocracy in Organization: Analyzing the Mediating Role of Organizational Factors
maryam hesami roohalla samiee Fereydon Azma mahmoodreza mostaghimi

The present study investigates the effect of talent management on meritocracy: by explaining the mediating role of organizational factors (organizational memory - organizational strategy - organizational intelligence - knowledge management - organizational development). More

The present study investigates the effect of talent management on meritocracy: by explaining the mediating role of organizational factors (organizational memory - organizational strategy - organizational intelligence - knowledge management - organizational development). This research has been applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study was the managers of 124 electricity distribution companies. The sample size was determined according to Krejcie and Morgan table of 94 people and simple random sampling method was used for sampling. Data analysis was performed by structural equation method with Smart PLS software. Talent management has a significant effect on meritocracy and organizational factors. Organizational factors have a significant impact on meritocracy. The findings also confirmed the mediating role of organizational factors in the relationship between talent management and meritocracy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Investigating the role of Guide Plans in rural development from a physical perspective with emphasis on identifying the space
mohammad ali rahimipour sheikhani nejad habib mahmoodi chenari Seyyedeh Fatemeh Emami farzaneh nasiri jan agha

Eliminate deprivation and rural development, one of the programs on the agenda is the implementation of the rural master plan to provide equitable facilities through physical transformation of the village, creating facilities it has been social-productive, providing pub More

Eliminate deprivation and rural development, one of the programs on the agenda is the implementation of the rural master plan to provide equitable facilities through physical transformation of the village, creating facilities it has been social-productive, providing public services and improving the housing of the villagers. The effects of conductor designs are limited to changes in physical texture and less attention is paid to the economic factor in its implementation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of pilot projects in the development of physical development and identification of living space from the perspective of residents. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical approach, which has been done with a sample of 250 people from rural areas in Rasht. Data collection tools in this study included: library studies to collect information related to research literature and then field research through observation and questionnaires. The statistical population of the study is the villagers living in the villages of Rasht city. In this study, the correlation method by Kiiging method has been used for physical identity. In other words, the data analysis method is based on spatial statistics. The results indicate that the pattern of spatial distribution of physical identity variables in the villages of Rasht city is linear (north-south), which means that the villages located in the south, center and north are in a more favorable situation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Designing and Explaining Marketing and Sales Strategies Model in the Food Distribution Industry
mahdi haghighi kafash zohre dehdashtishahrokh vahid khashee var nam khasti reza hajari

The food distribution industry is one of the high-turnover industries facing many problems in Iran. This research is done with the aim of designing and explaining the model of marketing and sales strategies in the food distribution industry .This study is descriptive, e More

The food distribution industry is one of the high-turnover industries facing many problems in Iran. This research is done with the aim of designing and explaining the model of marketing and sales strategies in the food distribution industry .This study is descriptive, exploratory and using mixed research method. The qualitative research is done using content analysis and consensus of 11 executive and academic experts. In the quantitative part, 81 questionnaires was distributed between marketing and sales managers of 54 distribution companies. The data are analyzed by structural equation modelling method. The research findings show that marketing objectives, pricing strategies and food distribution strategy are respectively the highest factors of marketing strategy in the food distribution industry and the relationship-based competency of the sales team, the sales team performance and the transformational leadership are the most important factors in the sales strategy. Evidence suggests that the presence of each of the three moderators (the threats and opportunities of new competitors, the strengths and weaknesses of the company, and the influential factors of the post-stagnation era) affects the relationship between marketing and sales strategies. The adoption of a comprehensive approach to the components of the marketing and sales strategies and the coordination between them, taking into account the economic downturn, sanctions and the probable situation of the post-stagnation era, are the most important issues that have so far been neglected in designing the marketing and sales strategies of Iranian food distribution companies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Social and cultural Impact Assessment of Sports Complexes: A Case Study of Narmak Sports Complex
Ma’soumeh MohaqeqMontazeri

One of the biggest problems facing cities, especially large ones is inadequate share and distribution of sports facilities due to the size of urban population and insufficient government budget. Construction of Narmak Sports Complex is one of the projects that have been More

One of the biggest problems facing cities, especially large ones is inadequate share and distribution of sports facilities due to the size of urban population and insufficient government budget. Construction of Narmak Sports Complex is one of the projects that have been implemented with the aim of developing sports and leisure areaaligned with the Comprehensive Master-plan for Tehran City and the Detailed Plan of Region 8. It also aimed to transform a polluted site into a service area.The present study seeks to identify the social and cultural impacts of this project and to estimate the positive and negative outcomes within the project-affected area. This research took a mixed approach combining documentary and field methods, and tools such as observation, in-depth and semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and focused group discussions were used to collect data.The findings of this study show that besides positive impacts such as increasing sports spaceper capita, eliminating environmental pollution, improving the urban landscape, reducing household costs, reducing perceived public insecurity, enriching leisure activity patterns, etc., this projectalso has negative impacts such as reducing market share of pre-existing sports complexes, causing traffic problems due to lack of parking space and increasing traffic jams in the area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - A New Evolutionary Estimation of Distribution Algorithm Based on Learning Automata
M. R. Meybodi

In order to overcome the poor behaviors of genetic algorithms in some problems other classes of evolutionary algorithms have been recently developed by researchers. Although these algorithms do not have the simplicity of classic genetic algorithms but they are superior More

In order to overcome the poor behaviors of genetic algorithms in some problems other classes of evolutionary algorithms have been recently developed by researchers. Although these algorithms do not have the simplicity of classic genetic algorithms but they are superior to genetic algorithms. The Probabilistic Model Building Genetic Algorithms or Estimation of Distribution Algorithms (EDAs) is one of these classes which is recently developed. In this paper we introduce a new estimation of distribution algorithm based on Learning Automata. The proposed algorithm is a model based search optimization method that uses a set of learning automata as a probabilistic model of the population of solutions in the search space. The proposed algorithm is a simple algorithm which has produced good results for the optimization problems considered in this problem. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - A New Statistical Approximation Method for SNR at EGC Rake Receiver over Independent Fading Channels
H. Samimi P. Azmi

An approximate analytical method for the evaluation of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the sum of L independent random variables (RVs) is presented. The proposed method is based on the convergent infinite series approach, which makes it possible to describ More

An approximate analytical method for the evaluation of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the sum of L independent random variables (RVs) is presented. The proposed method is based on the convergent infinite series approach, which makes it possible to describe the CDF in the form of an infinite series. The computation of the coefficients of this series needs complicated integrations over the RV’s probability density function (PDF). In some cases, the required integrations have closed-form in terms of confluent hypergeometric function and in other cases, the required integrations can not be analytically solved and have not a closed-form solution. In this paper, an approximation method for computation of the coefficients of the CDF series is presented that only needs the mean and the variance of the RV, so it has low computational complexity; it eliminates the need for calculation of complex functions and can be used as a unified tool for determining CDF of a sum of statistically independent RVs. To present an application for the developed approximation method, it is used to find the distribution of the sum of generalized Gamma (GG) RVs. The derived approximate expressions are used in the performance analysis of equal-gain combining (EGC) receivers operating over GG fading channels. The accuracy of the developed approximation method is verified by performing comparisons between exact existing results in the literature and computer simulations results. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Fault Location Algorithm in Practical Radial Distribution Systems Based on Voltage and Current Recorded by Digital Fault Recorders
S. Jamali V. Talavat

This paper presents a new impedance based fault location algorithm for practical radial distribution systems. The algorithm uses the fundamental components of voltages and currents recorded by a digital fault recorder usually installed at the head of main feeders. At f More

This paper presents a new impedance based fault location algorithm for practical radial distribution systems. The algorithm uses the fundamental components of voltages and currents recorded by a digital fault recorder usually installed at the head of main feeders. At first, the algorithm estimates the average loading and power factor of distribution transformers by using the pre-fault voltage and current phasors. Then from the post-fault voltage and current phasors, the preliminary candidates for fault location are determined by searching all the feeder sections. Finally, the actual fault location is determined by checking operated fuses/sectionalizers, or fault indicators. The fault location method has been developed as a software package named DFL (Digital Fault Locator) in “Electricity Networks Protection and Automation” research laboratory of Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST). The accuracy of the proposed algorithm has been validated by several fault conditions carried out on a 205-node 20 kV practical radial distribution feeder. The results of the developed software have shown very remarkable accuracy in fault location as presented in the paper. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Semi-Partitioning Multiprocessor Real-Time Scheduling in Data Stream Management Systems
M. Alemi M. Haghjoo

In data stream management systems as long as streams of data arrive to the system, stored queries are executed on these data. Regarding high workload, high processing capacity is required, leading to consider multiple processors to cope with it. Partitioning approach, o More

In data stream management systems as long as streams of data arrive to the system, stored queries are executed on these data. Regarding high workload, high processing capacity is required, leading to consider multiple processors to cope with it. Partitioning approach, one of the main methods in multiprocessor real-time scheduling, bind each query to one of processors based on its utilization, ratio of estimated execution time to period, and instances of each query which should be completed under defined deadline can only be executed on specified processor. Each query which could not be assigned to any processor can be split based on utilization of processors and spread among them, causing to get closer to optimum result. This system has been examined with real network data, showing lower miss ratio and higher utilization in comparison to simple partitioning approach. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Integration of Systems in Ultra-Large-Scale Systems Using a Data-Centric Rich Services Approach
S. Shokrollahi F. Shams J. Esmaeili

An Ultra-Large-Scale (ULS) system is generally considered as a system-of-systems that have many crosscutting concerns. As the size of a system-of-systems grows, and interoperability demands between the sub-systems are increased, achieving more scalable and dynamic integ More

An Ultra-Large-Scale (ULS) system is generally considered as a system-of-systems that have many crosscutting concerns. As the size of a system-of-systems grows, and interoperability demands between the sub-systems are increased, achieving more scalable and dynamic integration of sub-systems becomes a major challenge. In this integration, each sub-system has its own domain that may have independent policies. Over the last few years, the notion of Rich Services has emerged as a technique for facilitating integration of systems. In this paper, a Data-Centric Rich Services (DCRS) approach is proposed to improve the dynamicity, scalability, and security of Rich Services in a ULS system. In the proposed approach, a two-layer and data-centric middleware is presented to manage orchestration of Rich Services. The lower layer is a Data Distribution Service (DDS) middleware used for data-centric, publish-subscribe, real-time, and loosely-coupled communication among Rich Services. The upper layer is used for dynamic and secure configuration and reconfiguration of Rich Services. We also analyze the performance of our approach using simulation-based experiments. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Fault Location in Distribution Networks Using a Combination of Impedance Base Method and Voltage Sag
Mohammad Daisy R. Dashti

Load taps, laterals, and sub laterals are different branches of power distribution (PD) networks. In PD systems, reliability indices and their efficiency are improved using an accurate method in fault locating. In this paper, a new combined method for locating single, d More

Load taps, laterals, and sub laterals are different branches of power distribution (PD) networks. In PD systems, reliability indices and their efficiency are improved using an accurate method in fault locating. In this paper, a new combined method for locating single, double and three phase faults to ground is proposed in PD networks. In this article, for finding the possible fault locations, an impedance based fault-location algorithm is used. Then, for determining the faulty section, the new method is proposed using voltage sag matching algorithm. In this method, the possible fault locations are determined, after occurrence of single and double phase faults to ground, using an algorithm which is impedance based fault-location algorithm. Separately, the same fault is simulated in possible locations. Then, at the beginning of a feeder, the voltage is saved and the amplitude and angle of the voltage differences are determined and accordingly, an online data bank is generated. Then, the obtained and recorded amplitude and angle of the voltage differences (at the beginning of the feeder) is compared with that data bank, for the actual fault. By the matching value of each possible fault location, the real location of fault is determined. Compared to the other counterparts, the proposed method is more accurate in locating faults and less sensitive to the fault resistance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Placement of AVRs and Reconfiguration of Distribution Networks Simultaneously and Robust Considering Load Uncertainty
M. R. Shakarami Y. Mohammadi Pour

: In this paper, optimal locating for AVRs and reconfiguration of distribution networks were assessed simultaneously as an optimization problem. A new objective function was introducing which incorporated several electrical indices including real power losses, reactive More

: In this paper, optimal locating for AVRs and reconfiguration of distribution networks were assessed simultaneously as an optimization problem. A new objective function was introducing which incorporated several electrical indices including real power losses, reactive power losses, reliability, voltage profile, voltage stability, and load capacity of lines (MVA). Various load levels were incorporated into the objective function to make sure that switch status in reconfiguration and AVR taps and locations would be robust against load variations. This paper also introduced a new method for calculating the load levels with respect to load uncertainty. It also considered all loads based on a voltage-dependent model. Several scenarios are defined to thoroughly assess the proposed approach. Integer particle swarm optimization algorithm (IPSO) was used to solve the mentioned optimization problem. The results obtained by the simulation of 33-bus and 69-bus standard IEEE .radial power distribution networks demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Analysis and Expansion of a Compact Model of Propagation Delay Time for Nano-CMOS NAND Gates in Response to Statistical Variability of Fabrication
H. Jooypa D. Dideban

With shrinking transistor dimensions into nano meter scale, electrical parameters of transistors become more sensitive against statistical or random variations. Moreover, accurate estimation of these variations using “atomistic simulators” is time consuming and not a co More

With shrinking transistor dimensions into nano meter scale, electrical parameters of transistors become more sensitive against statistical or random variations. Moreover, accurate estimation of these variations using “atomistic simulators” is time consuming and not a cost effective approach. In this paper for the first time, analytical models have been used to study the impacts of statistical variability of fabrication process on propagation delay time in a 35 nm CMOS NAND gate. With selecting appropriate set from analytical model’s parameters, the impact of statistical variability on the propagation delay time have been modeled and extended. Moreover, target analytical model has been benchmarked against statistical variability of fabrication process. The results obtained from extension of this model have been compared with the accurate atomistic simulations. It is observed that by applying different sets of parameters the maximum error of propagation delay time reaches to 8.7% against accurate atomistic simulations but by applying our proposed approach, Standard Deviation (SD) error of propagation delay is estimated to 2.4%. Also the SD error of propagation delay reaches to 9.9% when normal regenerated parameters have been used. Eventually using proposed algorithm which encompasses regenerated Gaussian parameters while taking the correlation factor into account, the SD error decreases to 1.6%. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Statistical Analysis and Modeling of CMRR and PSRR Random Variations in a Nano-CMOS Transconductance Amplifier
B. Mahboubi D. Dideban

With advancement of integrated circuit technology and aggressive scaling into nanometer regime, statistical variability in device electrical characteristics caused by discreteness of charge and fabrication process variations has significantly increased. These variations More

With advancement of integrated circuit technology and aggressive scaling into nanometer regime, statistical variability in device electrical characteristics caused by discreteness of charge and fabrication process variations has significantly increased. These variations in turn result in fluctuations in output characteristics of important analog building blocks and in particular, amplifiers. In this paper, with the aid of Monte-Carlo simulations for a transconductance amplifier and using 1000 different compact models of MOSFET transistors in 35nm technology node, statistical variations of important circuit parameters are investigated and analyzed based on their statistical distributions. Moreover, statistical correlations between circuit parameters are extracted. Analysis of statistical variations for circuit parameters and their correlations has a direct impact on reduction of cost and time of a design and thus, is of great amount of significance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Grid Impedance Estimation of Low Voltage Grids Using Signal Processing Techniques for Frequency Range of 2 kHz – 150 kHz
M. M. AlyanNezhadi H. Hassanpour F. Zare

In this paper, the impedance of low voltage grids in frequency range of 2 kHz - 150 kHz is estimated using rectangular pulse injections and signal processing techniques. The grid impedance is defined as division of voltage signal to current signal in frequency domain. I More

In this paper, the impedance of low voltage grids in frequency range of 2 kHz - 150 kHz is estimated using rectangular pulse injections and signal processing techniques. The grid impedance is defined as division of voltage signal to current signal in frequency domain. In noisy condition, the accuracy of impedance estimation is directly dependent to energy of injected signal. The injection signal must has sufficient energy in the frequency range of estimation for an accurate impedance estimation. In the proposed method, several injection signals with different widths are selected with the Genetic algorithm. The grid responses to the injected signals are measured and then denoised for an accurate impedance estimation. When the measurement duration is low, the whole transient state of the grid is not measured; hence the impedance estimation is not accurate. Therefore, in this paper a method is proposed for determining the best measurement duration for impedance estimation using Time-Frequency distributions. The proposed method is applied on several simulated grids and the results show the ability and accuracy of the proposed method in grid impedance estimation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Design and Implementation of High Impedance Fault Relay Based on Harmonic Analysis Algorithm for Ahvaz 33 kV Distribution Network
مهدي منادي S. Gh. Seifossadat R. Kianinezhad Mohammad Baharipoor

Over current relays that are used commonly in distribution system can't detect high impedance fault. Therefore for that purpose it is necessary to design special algorithms. In this paper, a method based on harmonic analysis is presented. In this technique, the proposed More

Over current relays that are used commonly in distribution system can't detect high impedance fault. Therefore for that purpose it is necessary to design special algorithms. In this paper, a method based on harmonic analysis is presented. In this technique, the proposed relay, after fault occurs, extracts the required harmonic and according designed algorithm, occurrence of fault is reported. Software of this relay for different scenarios of high impedance faults was tested; also its hardware of relay in laboratory tests could correctly identify events. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Stochastic Planning of Resilience Enhancement for Electric Power Distribution Systems against Extreme Dust Storms
M. Haghshenas R. Hooshmand M. Gholipour

Resilience in power systems refers to the system's ability to withstand severe disturbances with a low probability of occurrence. Because in recent years extreme dust storms have caused severe damage to Iran's electricity industry, especially in the south and southwest, More

Resilience in power systems refers to the system's ability to withstand severe disturbances with a low probability of occurrence. Because in recent years extreme dust storms have caused severe damage to Iran's electricity industry, especially in the south and southwest, in this paper proposed a new scenario-based stochastic planning model for enhancement of power distribution systems resilience against extreme dust storms. In proposed model, in the first stage, the investment costs to improve the distribution system resilience against extreme dust storms are minimized due to the financial constraints, and in the second stage, the expected operating costs in dust storm conditions are minimized due to the operating constraints. Because network's insulation equipment are major cause of distribution system vulnerabilities in the dust storms, measures in the planning stage include replacement of porcelain insulators with silicon-rubber type, installation of automatic tie switches and installation of emergency generators. In the second stage, the measures are divided into preventive actions and corrective actions, and coordination between stages 1 and 2 is implemented in such a way that the results of each stage depend on the decision variables of the other stage. The simulation results for IEEE 33-bus test system and a 209 bus radial distribution network located in Khuzestan province, Iran, confirm the efficiency of the proposed model in different financial conditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Probabilistic Evaluation of Multi-Chamber Arresters Protection Performance for Reduction of Lighting Failures in Overhead Distribution Lines
Ramezan Ali Naghizadeh

A sophisticated and accurate probabilistic computational procedure for the calculation of lightning failures and evaluation of MCA performance for reduction of failures is implemented in this paper. Calculation of induced overvoltage caused by indirect lightning is impl More

A sophisticated and accurate probabilistic computational procedure for the calculation of lightning failures and evaluation of MCA performance for reduction of failures is implemented in this paper. Calculation of induced overvoltage caused by indirect lightning is implemented based on the Agarwal method with consideration of lossy ground. The Monte Carlo method with backward scenario reduction is implemented to take into account the uncertainty of lightning flash parameters including peak current and front time with the distance of the striking point from the distribution line with applying a proper model for simulation of MCA in ATP-EMTP software. A link is developed between MATLAB and ATP-EMTP software to simulate the numerous generated scenarios and analyze the output results. Different conditions including the insulation strength of the line, the earth conductivity, and the shielding factor of the adjacent objects to the line are also taken into account in calculations. The results are presented in a proper way to make them useful for the determination of lightning-related failure rates and also accurate evaluation of the effectiveness of MCA installation in different conditions of distribution feeders. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Imposing learning based roadmap for the application of Industry 4 Internet of Things in the health care products industry
Niloofar Aminikalibar Fatemeh saghafi mansure hoorali SEDIGHEH Rezaiian

There is a difference in the technology development model between developing and developed countries. In developing countries, it commences with learning the technology from innovations takes place in developed ones. Thus, the driving engine of technology development in More

There is a difference in the technology development model between developing and developed countries. In developing countries, it commences with learning the technology from innovations takes place in developed ones. Thus, the driving engine of technology development in late countries is learning the technology instead of providing innovation; in the way that the core of activities, organizations and communications are all concentrating on learning. The combination of virtual and real world has created a concept named as Industry 4.0. Nowadays, the application of Industry 4.0 in different scopes is expanding; applying it there requires setting a roadmap. This research aims to propose a learning-based roadmap for the application of industry 4.0 (especially the Internet of Things) in the sale and distribution of healthcare products. Here, there has been used the learning-based roadmapping method, the process of which is explained in eight steps. Two groups of a distinct expert panel including the business industry and technology industry contributed to this research; the Delphi method has been used to guarantee the convergence. The paper’s result can be used as a pattern for deployment in other related fields and secondly guidance in the industry to estimate required funds in the sale and distribution of health care products. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - A Semi-Intelligent Method for Charging Electric Vehicles in Unbalanced Four-Wire Distribution Networks
Saeed Zolfaghari Moghaddam

The growing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) in distribution networks (DNs) has posed many challenges for electricity distribution companies, such as: increasing the amount of voltage drop, network losses and the number of outages due to the overload. To overcome More

The growing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) in distribution networks (DNs) has posed many challenges for electricity distribution companies, such as: increasing the amount of voltage drop, network losses and the number of outages due to the overload. To overcome this, it is recommended to use coordinated charging methods. However, these methods require telecommunication, measurement and processing infrastructure with high costs and can only be implemented in smart grids. In this paper, a semi-intelligent method for charging EVs is presented that does not require complex infrastructure. This method, using a simple and inexpensive local automation system, charges EVs in the off-peak periods of the DN and thus improves its parameters. Since the EVs are charged at the low tariff time intervals, the proposed method will also benefit the EV owners. To achieve real results, four-wire DN is considered to model the effect of neutral conductor. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, it is compared with different uncontrolled charging methods. A standard 19 bus test system is used for simulations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Study the role of drilling mud loss modeling and FMI log in determining Asmari reservoir fractures in one of the oil fields in Southwest Iran
Kioumars Taheri Mohammad Reza Rasaei Abbas Ashjaei

Understanding of oil and gas reservoirs is of great help in maximizing hydrocarbon recovery. In the study of the characteristics of oil structures, the study of fractures of reservoir rock in the stages of production and development of the field is very necessary. Nowad More

Understanding of oil and gas reservoirs is of great help in maximizing hydrocarbon recovery. In the study of the characteristics of oil structures, the study of fractures of reservoir rock in the stages of production and development of the field is very necessary. Nowadays, the use of mud loss modeling and image logs in helping accomplish this task is of great assistance to oil geologists. Since the most of Iran's reservoirs are carbonate kind, investigating and identifying fractures, the degree of fissures opening and porosity distribution in the Asmari reservoir field of study, It is one of the most effective factors in the production of hydrocarbons from this field. One of the best ways to identify and interpret geology in the well, using of the FMI image log is, which can create high quality images from the well. With the help of the images provided, can determine the types of fractures, porosity, the distribution of diagenetic porous spaces and the estimation of permeability trend. In this article, first, structure and Functionality of the FMI image log and then drilling and production problems were evaluated in Asmari reservoir. In the following, the functional role of the log in interpreting and determining the degree of fissures opening, porosity distribution and permeability level in 8 wells in Asmari reservoir, has been evaluated. In this study, identification of Asmari reservoir fractures and how to expand these fractures in the reservoir By using mud loss modeling, interpretation of the FMI image log and the effect of these fractures was on the porosity and permeability of the reservoir. In this study, it has been determined that, fractures identified in wells very good matching with drilling mud loss maps with rock basement faults at the has anticline of the Asmari reservoir. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Multilateral Export Control Regimes: a Legal Mechanism or Tool of Political Pressure?
غلامحسین دهقانی فاطمه هاشمی

Multilateral export control regimes are among major tools used by developed Western countries during the past six decades to maintain their technological supremacy under the pretext of preventing proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. These regimes have grown and More

Multilateral export control regimes are among major tools used by developed Western countries during the past six decades to maintain their technological supremacy under the pretext of preventing proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. These regimes have grown and developed unprecedentedly in both quantitative and qualitative terms especially in the past decade following 9/11 terrorist attacks. Opponents and proponents have offered various viewpoints on the legality or illegality of these regimes on the basis of the international law. This research first presents a theoretical framework for the assessment of those viewpoints. Since both opponents and proponents have emphasized on the relationship between these regimes and international nonproliferation regimes, their implications for availability of equipment and material related to weapons of mass destruction, conventional weapons, missiles, and dual-use goods and material are briefly discussed. Finally, developments of these regimes in addition to viewpoints of proponents and opponents about legality and illegality of export control regimes are explained using a comparative study of commitments of states members of these regimes and their commitments under international nonproliferation treaties. The conclusion is that such export control regimes, which have been developed by their members to create monopoly on technical know-how and technology, are incompatible with commitments of member states under international law Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - G4, an Effort for Permanent Membership in the UN Security Council: Background and Future Trends
آرمین امینی شمس عظیمی

During the past two decades, many states and groups of states have offered proposals for structural reforms in the UN Security Council. Some proposals seek to increase the number of permanent members of the Council. The G4 –Germany, Japan, India and Brazil – seems to st More

During the past two decades, many states and groups of states have offered proposals for structural reforms in the UN Security Council. Some proposals seek to increase the number of permanent members of the Council. The G4 –Germany, Japan, India and Brazil – seems to stand a better chance in this regard. This paper discusses special opportunities for permanent membership of this group in the Security Council while considering challenges facing it. All four countries enjoy comparative advantages in their own geographical regions which give them the chance to seek a permanent seat in the Security Council. On the other hand, they face two kinds of obstacles: regional and international obstacles. For some of these states, overcoming regional obstacles is more difficult than international ones and the opposite is true for others. This research aims to answer this question: What are the opportunities and challenges facing member states of this group in their effort to gain permanent seats in the Security Council? First, the necessity of structural reforms in the Security Council is discussed before analyzing the situation of these states and future outlook of the Council’s structure in the light of the existing situation of the international system Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - Improving Precision of Recommender Systems using Time-, Location- and Context-aware Trust Estimation Based on Clustering and Beta Distribution
Samaneh Sheibani Hassan Shakeri Reza Sheybani

Calculation and applying trust among users has become popular in designing recommender systems in recent years. However, most of the trust-based recommender systems use only one factor for estimating the value of trust. In this paper, a multi-factor approach for estimat More

Calculation and applying trust among users has become popular in designing recommender systems in recent years. However, most of the trust-based recommender systems use only one factor for estimating the value of trust. In this paper, a multi-factor approach for estimating trust among users of recommender systems is introduced. In the proposed scheme, first, users of the system are clustered based on their similarities in demographics information and history of ratings. To predict the rating of the active user into a specific item, the value of trust between him and the other users in his cluster is calculated considering the factors i.e. time, location, and context of their rating. To this end, we propose an algorithm based on beta distribution. A novel tree-based measure for computing the semantic similarity between the contexts is utilized. Finally, the rating of the active user is predicted using weighted averaging where trust values are considered as weights. The proposed scheme was performed on three datasets, and the obtained results indicated that it outperforms existing methods in terms of accuracy and other efficiency metrics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Applied Anatomy and Histology of the bovine hooves and limbs
Mohammad Mirhaj Mohammad Ali Sadeghi

Bovine hoof with its fine structures and accurate function is used for routine locomotion. This part of common integument has special characteristics to carry on a very high resistance to external/internal stimuli. Production and components of different parts of this sm More

Bovine hoof with its fine structures and accurate function is used for routine locomotion. This part of common integument has special characteristics to carry on a very high resistance to external/internal stimuli. Production and components of different parts of this small region vary and its variation in origin of production makes different protection against systemic disturbances or external/internal forces. Variation among species like cattle and horse limbs, expected performance (confinement and milk production versus athletic performance) and metabolic pressure on each animal results in different outcomes after hoof pathologies. For example, unlike horse, in cattle sinking of 3rd phalanx is more pronounced in the heel region. Horn capsule with its firm, sensitive and complex structure tries to neutralize the forces to which the limb is subjected. Any abnormality in hoof capsule vital tissues is a beginning for claw horn disruption lesion (CHDL) in a dairy farm. There are many hypotheses aiming to describe CHDL pathogenesis. No longer is it acceptable to believe that SARA = Subclinical laminitis. The disorder cannot be managed simply from a nutritional perspective and is Multifactorial. With better understanding of each part of this complex structure and the processes that occur after damage, a better understanding of the physiopathology of hoof capsule injuries is obtained. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Factors Influencing Development in South Korea
zahra Sadeghi Mohammadbagher Beheshti

The end of Second World War has marked the beginning of an era of renovation and development for many countries in the world and European and Asian countries have utilized several development strategies based on their situation. South Korea is one of those countries. Ha More

The end of Second World War has marked the beginning of an era of renovation and development for many countries in the world and European and Asian countries have utilized several development strategies based on their situation. South Korea is one of those countries. Having an ancient history, South Korea is one of the most integrated and stable countries in the world. Its development which starts right after the end of the second world war and Japanese colonization is an outstanding example of fast and extraordinary development in a short time span. Despite having the bitter experience of being colonized, what happened as a consequence of the second world war, the division of the peninsula into two parts (North and South) and the civil war following that, and the severe poverty and dependence on international aid, it is one of the Asian Tigers, together with Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong. Having an authoritarian but developmentalist government, a strong sense of nationalism against foreigners, Confucian culture, a focus on export expansion strategies, and the development of an education system based on economic needs and changes are among the influential factors discussed in this paper. Finally, the development model of South Korea is presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Multi-Objective Economic-Environment Scheduling of Microgrids in the Presence of Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Demand Response to Smooth the Distribution Nodal Prices
ali mirzaei NAVID TAGHIZADEGAN KALANTARI Sajad Najafi Ravadanegh

Today, with the growing demand for hybrid electric vehicles in microgrids, electricity supply, environmental issues, and rescheduling are among the challenges of microgrids that must be solved and suitable solutions provided. To overcome these challenges, this paper int More

Today, with the growing demand for hybrid electric vehicles in microgrids, electricity supply, environmental issues, and rescheduling are among the challenges of microgrids that must be solved and suitable solutions provided. To overcome these challenges, this paper introduces a new multi-objective optimization model, which in the first objective, minimizes the total operation cost of the microgrid, and in the second objective, improves the reliability index by reducing the amount of energy not supplied. Due to these two objectives, a multi-objective evolutionary seagull optimization algorithm is used to find the optimal global solutions. In this regard, hybrid electric vehicles and demand response programs are used to smooth out distribution nodal prices and reduce CO2 emissions. The 69-bus distribution network has been used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - The effect of money substitution on income distribution in Iran
Rahman Saadat esmaiel abounoori younes saeedi

The issue of money substitution is becoming more important in the country's economy every day and affects the country's economic policies. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of money substitution on income distribution in Iran's e More

The issue of money substitution is becoming more important in the country's economy every day and affects the country's economic policies. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of money substitution on income distribution in Iran's economy. For this purpose, data from the period 1358 to 1399 have been used for the economy of Iran. The results of the estimation of the model using ordinary least squares method showed that money substitution had a positive effect on income inequality. According to the data, the substitution of money in Iran has an upward trend and reached 0.355262 in 2019. This shows that foreign currencies are more useful in the country and people use foreign currency in their portfolios, which has increased the class gap and income inequality. The country and the failure to estimate the needs of the society in terms of economic well-being is one of the most obvious and important consequences for a country. On the other hand, the effect of this consequence on the important variables of this research is that the relationship between the substitution of money and the square of the gross domestic product is positive and The relationship between the GDP itself and the Gini coefficient has been negative. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Geology, Alteration, Geochemistry and Element distribution in Alteration Zones of Nughdoz- Zaylik Area, Arasbaran Magmatic Zone
M.R. Hosseinzadeh S. Maghfouri Mohsen Moayyed Z. Hadavi Chaharborj Nasir Amel

The study area is located in 25 km SE of Ahar and 40 km NW of Meshkin-Shahr around Naqadouz village. Hydrothermal alteration has resulted in the developing of Argillic, Argillic - Silicic, Silicic and propilitic zones in this area. Based on petrographic studies, the alt More

The study area is located in 25 km SE of Ahar and 40 km NW of Meshkin-Shahr around Naqadouz village. Hydrothermal alteration has resulted in the developing of Argillic, Argillic - Silicic, Silicic and propilitic zones in this area. Based on petrographic studies, the altered rocks are basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite, rhyolite and lithic tuff in composition, with porphyry, glomeroporphyry, hyalomicrolithic and microlithic porphyric textures. The XRD analysis of altered samples show cristobalite, natrilite, kaolinite, quartz, albite, sanidine and orthoclase as the main minerals. Geochemical studies indicate that the alteration fluid has hydrothermal source and supergene processes are more important than hypogene processes. In this study, we use the immobile element method to calculate mass-changes and trace elements transmission amount during hydrothermal alteration. The Eu/Eu* ratio is higher in altered samples than relatively unaltered samples and the ratio of Ce/Ce* is more than 1for the relatively unaltered and most altered samples. The ratio of (La/Yb) n indicated that the depletion of HREE in altered samples is more than LREE, and LREE enrichment can increase this ratio. The lower ratio of (Tb/Yb) n in altered than unaltered samples indicate less depletion of HREE relative to MREE. Considering the distribution pattern of REE’s in alteration zones, it seems that the behavior of elements are controlled by pH, T & P changes, Eh, preferred absorption by clayey and iron oxide minerals and ligands frequency including SO2-4 , PO4+3 , CI-, F-, CO2-3 . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - Factors Influencing Development in South Korea
zahra Sadeghi Mohammadbagher Beheshti

Zahra Sadeghi Mohammadbagher Beheshti Abstract The end of Second World War has marked the beginning of an era of renovation and development for many countries in the world and European and Asian countries have utilized several development strategies based on th More

Zahra Sadeghi Mohammadbagher Beheshti Abstract The end of Second World War has marked the beginning of an era of renovation and development for many countries in the world and European and Asian countries have utilized several development strategies based on their situation. South Korea is one of those countries. Having an ancient history, South Korea is one of the most integrated and stable countries in the world. Its development which starts right after the end of the second world war and Japanese colonization is an outstanding example of fast and extraordinary development in a short time span. Despite having the bitter experience of being colonized, what happened as a consequence of the second world war, the division of the peninsula into two parts (North and South) and the civil war following that, and the severe poverty and dependence on international aid, it is one of the Asian Tigers, together with Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong. Having an authoritarian but developmentalist government, a strong sense of nationalism against foreigners, Confucian culture, a focus on export expansion strategies, and the development of an education system based on economic needs and changes are among the influential factors that are discussed in line with the main question of the paper. Finally, the development model of South Korea is presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - Evaluation and analysis of the use of virtual power plant simulation in the power grid
Farid timuri Seyed Majid Keshavarz

Distributed generation refers to the generation of electricity near the consumer's location using small-scale generation units. Scattered energy sources are renewable energies and combined production (simultaneous production of electricity and heat). A virtual power pla More

Distributed generation refers to the generation of electricity near the consumer's location using small-scale generation units. Scattered energy sources are renewable energies and combined production (simultaneous production of electricity and heat). A virtual power plant refers to a set of distributed production facilities such as wind turbines, solar power plants, small hydropower plants and any power generation sources that have the ability to cooperate with each other in a local area and are all controlled by a central control unit. The virtual power plant has been subjected to various validation tests and network connections (connected to the network and off the network) and has a high level of credibility and competence. This research includes an overview of some virtual power plant ideas that express a better understanding and a more general vision in this field, some general control structures are described and experimental fields are introduced. The distribution network is represented by the virtual power plant. The result shows that with the presence of storage resources and the possibility of being in the reservation market, the virtual power plant will benefit more. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - The effect of money substitution on income distribution in Iran
Rahman Saadat esmaiel abounoori younes saeedi

Rahman Saadat Ismail Abu Nouri Yunus saidi Abstract The issue of money substitution becomes more important in the country's economy every day and affects the country's economic policies. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effec More

Rahman Saadat Ismail Abu Nouri Yunus saidi Abstract The issue of money substitution becomes more important in the country's economy every day and affects the country's economic policies. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of money substitution on income distribution in Iran's economy. For this purpose, data from the period 1358 to 1399 have been used for the economy of Iran. The results of the estimation of the model using the ordinary least squares method showed that money substitution had a positive effect on income inequality. According to the data, money substitution in Iran has an upward trend and reached 0.355262 in 2019. This shows that foreign currencies are more useful in the country and people use foreign currency in their portfolios, which has increased the class gap and income inequality. The country and the failure to estimate the needs of society in terms of economic well-being is one of the most obvious and important consequences for a country. On the other hand, the effect of this consequence on the important variables of this research is that the relationship between money substitution and the square of gross domestic product is positive and The relationship between the GDP itself and the Gini coefficient has been negative. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - Jurisprudence, Legal Status of Sea Water in Public Property and Subscribers
سحر حقانی

Given that waters are part of the debate and the discussions are possessed of the capability, the question arises as to whether public waters are owned by individuals. According to the Water Act and how it becomes nationalized in 1347, the waters of the Maqdah became on More

Given that waters are part of the debate and the discussions are possessed of the capability, the question arises as to whether public waters are owned by individuals. According to the Water Act and how it becomes nationalized in 1347, the waters of the Maqdah became one of the public property administered by the government. According to some jurists, by the adoption of the Water Nationalization Act on 4/4/1347 Articles 149, the Civil Code has been abolished and the issue of water ownership has been abolished. The general property of the national wealth is a country and belongs to all generations. The economic value of this property first provides special support and maintenance of these property. There are many solutions such as using new technologies, strengthening regulatory agencies, and so on to prevent private people's access to public property and to prevent government and public outsourcing over these property. But one of the most important ways in this regard is to provide legal solutions as a way to solve the roots of problems. In this study, jurisprudential and legal views will be examined and solutions will be provided to solve the legal problems of public water. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - A review of polymer bonded explosive rheology
Mahmoud Heydari

Polymer-bonded explosives are widely used in defense and commercial industries. In this type of explosive, very high amounts of explosive crystals (about 90% by weight) are surrounded by a polymeric binder (about 10%), which leads to a decrease in sensitivity and a sign More

Polymer-bonded explosives are widely used in defense and commercial industries. In this type of explosive, very high amounts of explosive crystals (about 90% by weight) are surrounded by a polymeric binder (about 10%), which leads to a decrease in sensitivity and a significant increase in safety during application and storage. These mixtures are molded in different ways, such as pressing, casting, extrusion, and injection. Studying the rheology of these mixtures with a high percentage of solid loading leads to finding the appropriate quality control method at different production stages. The first step was to review studies on alternatives to simulating explosive rheological behavior, such as dechlorane, calcium carbonate, sugar, etc. The general behavior of simulated mixtures, such as yield stress, shear rate dependence, time dependence, etc., is compared with original explosive. The results showed that despite the similarity in some rheological behaviors, it is impossible to predict and study all the rheological behaviors of polymer-bonded explosives using simulating materials. This paper discusses factors affecting the rheology of polymer-bonded explosives, such as particle size distribution, modification of explosive crystal surfaces, and plasticizer. A review of scientific sources showed that using a wide distribution of explosive crystal particles compared to a narrow distribution led to a significant reduction in viscosity and dependence on shear rate and time. The absence of strong interactions between crystal particles and polymer binder leads to no observation of quasi-solid behavior even in 85% by weight of explosive crystals such as octogen in hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene Manuscript profile

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