• List of Articles یاسوج

      • Open Access Article

        1 - An overview of vitality in Mehrvarzi Park in Yasuj
        zahra sadat ali aram
        The vitality of urban environments is a topic that has been neglected in studies, research and urban development projects in Iran. Today, for various reasons, providing urban vitality and vitality, especially in recreational and social spaces, has become one of the main More
        The vitality of urban environments is a topic that has been neglected in studies, research and urban development projects in Iran. Today, for various reasons, providing urban vitality and vitality, especially in recreational and social spaces, has become one of the main concerns of urban management and planning systems in countries, especially in developed countries. While despite the direct impact of the vitality of urban parks in playing important roles in these spaces through the continuous presence of citizens and improving their environmental level, less research has examined the vitality of these spaces. For this purpose, in this article, Mehrvarzi Park in Yasuj has been studied in terms of vitality. This research aims to promote the vitality of the park is an applied research and the research method is descriptive-analytical. Accordingly, this article tries to identify the criteria affecting the vitality of urban parks in the form of research and then to review and prioritize them for "Mehrvarzi Park" in Yasouj, and finally to offer suggestions to improve the vitality of this park. The results indicate that the existence of various spaces and cultural places for holding ceremonies is effective in promoting the vitality of urban space in this site. Also, the aesthetic component has the highest level of utility and the service component has the lowest level. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - An overview of vitality in Mehrvarzi Park in Yasuj
        ali aram zahra sadat
        The vitality of urban environments is a topic that has been neglected in studies, research and urban development projects in Iran. Today, for various reasons, providing urban vitality and vitality, especially in recreational and social spaces, has become one of the main More
        The vitality of urban environments is a topic that has been neglected in studies, research and urban development projects in Iran. Today, for various reasons, providing urban vitality and vitality, especially in recreational and social spaces, has become one of the main concerns of urban management and planning systems in countries, especially in developed countries. While despite the direct impact of the vitality of urban parks in playing important roles in these spaces through the continuous presence of citizens and improving their environmental level, less research has examined the vitality of these spaces. For this purpose, in this article, Mehrvarzi Park in Yasuj has been studied in terms of vitality. This research aims to promote the vitality of the park is an applied research and the research method is descriptive-analytical. Accordingly, this article tries to identify the criteria affecting the vitality of urban parks in the form of research and then to review and prioritize them for "Mehrvarzi Park" in Yasouj, and finally to offer suggestions to improve the vitality of this park. The results indicate that the existence of various spaces and cultural places for holding ceremonies is effective in promoting the vitality of urban space in this site. Also, the aesthetic component has the highest level of utility and the service component has the lowest level. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Comparative study of urban elements design with urban identity approach in Iran and the world
        razieh nikdel ali aram
        In this research, while addressing the position of special elements in Yasuj city, their effects on the identity of the city are investigated. The research method is analytical-survey and the method of collecting information is field and using a questionnaire. Then we m More
        In this research, while addressing the position of special elements in Yasuj city, their effects on the identity of the city are investigated. The research method is analytical-survey and the method of collecting information is field and using a questionnaire. Then we made a comparative study of the index elements of Iran and the world with the elements of the main squares of Yasuj city. In the end, by comparing the principles of expert design of urban elements that we achieved in theory and public opinion, the extent of adaptation was determined. By combining these two criteria, we have reached principles for designing urban elements that, in addition to having the parameters of the theory of architecture and urban planning, by considering the urban psychology of the people of the region, also cause public satisfaction. The studied samples include six urban elements in Yasuj that are of interest to citizens and tourists. The results obtained from descriptive and inferential analyzes on the collected data show that the qualitative evaluation of citizens by the (physical) identity of the elements is affected by their gender and level of education. Based on the results, the elements of the stone square in the neighborhood and Jomhory Street have the highest score and the lowest score obtained by citizens (users), respectively. The results also show that the most important components affecting the physical identity of urban elements based on citizens' opinions include "design, form and architecture of the element", "historicity" and "indigenousness (contextualism)". Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Investigating the criteria of citizenship space and its effect on citizens' satisfaction with urban spaces Study sample of Yasuj city
        elham nekoueipour ali aram
        The concept of space in the past decades and creating a common understanding that space is a social structure and society is also a spatial structure, on the one hand, and considering citizens' rights as the basis of social planning in citizenship discourses, on the oth More
        The concept of space in the past decades and creating a common understanding that space is a social structure and society is also a spatial structure, on the one hand, and considering citizens' rights as the basis of social planning in citizenship discourses, on the other, theoretical basis The crystallization of the atmosphere is citizen-oriented. The concept of recognizing its dimensions and how to find its objectivity has been the subject of much research, planning and urban planning in recent years. This study seeks to investigate and analyze the rate of realization of citizen-centered space indicators and its impact on citizens' satisfaction with the city space (Case study: Yasuj city) based on this knowledge. Descriptive-analytical research method and its basis based on CSI model or citizens' satisfaction index has been used through field study (384 questionnaires) and using statistical methods of structural equation model (SEM). The software used in this research is Smart-PLS3.2.8. The results show that the CSI indicators in Yasuj are in an unfavorable and relatively favorable situation and the citizens are less than average satisfied with the atmosphere of Tehran. Also, the distance of Yasuj city space from the dimensions and indicators of citizen-oriented space is the most important missing link in Yasuj urban planning system, which can be a warning for socio-spatial damage and it is necessary to find a solution from now on. It should be considered. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - The effect of cold mountain climate on the formation of climate-friendly architecture (Study sample of rural areas of Boyer-Ahmad city)
        hossein shahmoradi ali aram
        In the design of rural houses, we see obvious differences in them. In some villages, the houses have round and spherical roofs, flat and with a steep angle and many slopes, which have a dominant shape. Thick walls, very thin walls, small windows, large windows are some More
        In the design of rural houses, we see obvious differences in them. In some villages, the houses have round and spherical roofs, flat and with a steep angle and many slopes, which have a dominant shape. Thick walls, very thin walls, small windows, large windows are some of these differences. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cold mountain climate on the formation of climate-friendly architecture. The method used in this research is descriptive-analytical and the role of mountainous climate in shaping rural housing is examined and analyzed. The studied components are rural housing types and their texture in cold climate. Data collection is through texts, sources, various sites and other research related to the subject in the study area. In Iran, the architecture of cold and mountainous areas is one of the most obvious and distinct manifestations of the impact of climate on the main form and body of villages. Significantly reduce and minimize the need for heating and cooling equipment. It is recommended to use eco-friendly materials to use the available materials that are well acquainted with its characteristics and meet the relevant needs in the relevant climatic conditions, in different parts of the building. By designing appropriate architecture and in accordance with the climatic conditions and local architecture of the region, along with sustainable architecture and saving energy consumption, free or cheaper and renewable resources can be used. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - Investigating the criteria of citizenship space and its effect on citizens' satisfaction with urban spaces Study sample of Yasuj city
        elham nekoueipour ali aram
        The concept of space in the past decades and creating a common understanding that space is a social structure and society is also a spatial structure, on the one hand, and considering citizens' rights as the basis of social planning in citizenship discourses, on the oth More
        The concept of space in the past decades and creating a common understanding that space is a social structure and society is also a spatial structure, on the one hand, and considering citizens' rights as the basis of social planning in citizenship discourses, on the other, theoretical basis The crystallization of the atmosphere is citizen-oriented. The concept of recognizing its dimensions and how to find its objectivity has been the subject of much research, planning and urban planning in recent years. This study seeks to investigate and analyze the rate of realization of citizen-centered space indicators and its impact on citizens' satisfaction with the city space (Case study: Yasuj city) based on this knowledge. Descriptive-analytical research method and its basis based on CSI model or citizens' satisfaction index has been used through field study (384 questionnaires) and using statistical methods of structural equation model (SEM). The software used in this research is Smart-PLS3.2.8. The results show that the CSI indicators in Yasuj are in an unfavorable and relatively favorable situation and the citizens are less than average satisfied with the atmosphere of Tehran. Also, the distance of Yasuj city space from the dimensions and indicators of citizen-oriented space is the most important missing link in Yasuj urban planning system, which can be a warning for socio-spatial damage and it is necessary to find a solution from now on. It should be considered. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - Survey of Yasuj high school students' opinions about environmental protection
        Golnar Salehi khah Helaleh  Ranjbari Soraya  Bastan
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the views of high school students in Yasuj about environmental protection. The method is fieldwork and information was collected through a questionnaire from 121 high school students in Yasuj. The method used in this research More
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the views of high school students in Yasuj about environmental protection. The method is fieldwork and information was collected through a questionnaire from 121 high school students in Yasuj. The method used in this research is descriptive-analytical. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.85. Data analysis was performed using statistical and variable tests and SPSS software. Findings showed that students were interested in issues related to environmental protection and considered environmental protection to be part of their duties and had an acceptable level of information and knowledge about issues and problems related to its protection. To achieve sustainable development, ie balanced development and preserving environmental values, you must think about the biocultural transformation of societies so that the people who make up communities adapt their character to the sustainability and dynamism of nature, because environmental crises and the destruction and imposition of natural resources increase Population has caused humans today to work harder to prevent the destruction of their environment. Finally, the results of statistical tests showed that in addition to the variables of the tendency to create environmental structures, the amount of visits to parks and green spaces, students' visits to environmentally friendly centers, the use of educational and scientific environmental protection and the use of educational videos in the field of environment. Among all the research variables, including the amount of environmental education materials in the textbook, attitudes towards environmental protection, the amount and of course to the environment, school libraries are equipped with resources and science, the use of environmental magazines and publications, the number of environmental experts visiting Schools, participation in voluntary environmental activities, informing teachers about environmental protection There is a direct and significant relationship between students' views on environmental protection. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - Investigating the effect of climate on the residential fabric of Yasuj
        Amir  Aminzadeh Ali Reza Rast
        The history of design and construction, according to the criteria of natural and climatic features in traditional Iranian architecture, reaches hundreds of years and is considered one of the architectural masterpieces in the world. The growth of technology and access to More
        The history of design and construction, according to the criteria of natural and climatic features in traditional Iranian architecture, reaches hundreds of years and is considered one of the architectural masterpieces in the world. The growth of technology and access to fossil fuels has led to the neglect of climatic standards in housing construction. This study examines the urban context of Yasuj city and climate, and by examining the housing characteristics of old, middle and new textures of this city, the compatibility of the three textures with the climatic conditions of Yasuj city, the density of buildings will be evaluated. In order to use natural forces in regulating the environmental conditions inside the building and reflection in the formation of the urban context, climate recognition is an important issue in architectural and urban design. In this research, the types of climates are introduced and the effect of climate on the formation of urban fabric and residential architecture is described and depicted. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Investigating the relationship between attachment styles and the mediating role of mental health in teachers in Yasuj
        mozafar khodaparast heshmatelah khodaparast
        In general, attachment can be defined as the emotional atmosphere that governs a child's relationship with his caregiver. The fact that the child seeks and clings to the caregiver, who is usually his mother, confirms the attachment between them. Babies usually begin to More
        In general, attachment can be defined as the emotional atmosphere that governs a child's relationship with his caregiver. The fact that the child seeks and clings to the caregiver, who is usually his mother, confirms the attachment between them. Babies usually begin to show such behavior by the end of the first month of life, and this behavior is designed to accelerate intimacy with the desired person. According to Skinner, human mental health is equivalent to behavior that conforms to the rules and regulations of society, and such a human being when faced with a problem until it is considered normal by society, through behavior modification to improve and normalize the behavior of himself and others around him. It is used intermittently. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and the mediating role of mental health in teachers in Yasuj. To achieve this goal, a sample of 198 teachers in Yasuj was selected through available sampling. The instruments used included a general health questionnaire, Hazen and Shaver attachment, and Miller and Bron self-regulation. The results showed that avoidant attachment style (t = 04.50, p = 0.001) and safe attachment (t = 49/49, p = 0.013) can significantly predict mental health. Finally, mental health mediates the relationship between attachment style. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - Investigating the level of physical health of primary school students in Yasouj city
        Ishaq  Hosseini tabar Kobri  Sajjadi Nesab
        The purpose of this research is to investigate the physical health status of male students in public elementary schools in some educational areas of Yasuj city in the academic year of 2016. The present research is a descriptive study. In this study, 75 male students in More
        The purpose of this research is to investigate the physical health status of male students in public elementary schools in some educational areas of Yasuj city in the academic year of 2016. The present research is a descriptive study. In this study, 75 male students in the age group of 6-12 years, who were studying in the first to sixth grades of elementary school, were selected from Yasouj state boys' schools of education and training, as a multi-stage cluster sampling from 10 primary schools. Were examined. The data collection tool included a questionnaire and an observation sheet. Data collection was done by going to primary schools, completing the questionnaire by the students and completing the observation registration form based on observation and physical examination. Examining the physical health status in this study included determining the physical growth status (height and weight) and comparing it with the standard growth curve, vision, hearing, teeth, spine, head lice infestation and tinea capitis of the students. The analysis of the findings showed that in relation to physical growth (height and weight), the mean weight and height of boys (except for one group) was higher than the standard mean of growth, and in general, weight was 59.7% and height 51.4 percent of them were between the 50th and 97th percentiles. According to the results of the research, it shows the need to pay more attention to oral and dental hygiene, proper nutrition and exercise, visual health and skeletal system among primary school students. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        11 - Investigating the prevalence of obesity and overweight and its relationship with lifestyle in male high school students of Yasouj city
        Ali  Hemti zahra Hemti
        Today, due to the change in lifestyle and nutritional pattern, the prevalence of obesity and overweight has increased significantly all over the world. Several important factors are involved, such as lifestyle and inactivity and low physical fitness. Accordingly, in the More
        Today, due to the change in lifestyle and nutritional pattern, the prevalence of obesity and overweight has increased significantly all over the world. Several important factors are involved, such as lifestyle and inactivity and low physical fitness. Accordingly, in the present study, the prevalence of obesity and overweight and its relationship with lifestyle in male teenagers of Yasouj city have been investigated. In this research, two survey and documentary methods have been used. The statistical population under study was more than 4000 male students of the second secondary level of Yasouj city, of which 351 were selected as the sample size based on Morgan's table and were studied using proportional stratified random sampling. (ages, 15, 16, 17, 18, years) (Mean ± SD: 7.0 ± 6.15 years): The overall prevalence of overweight among the subjects was 20.5% and the overall prevalence of obesity among the subjects was 6.8%. The prevalence of abdominal obesity among subjects was 27.4%. The analysis of inferential findings has shown that there is a direct relationship between the amount of watching TV and working with the computer, food pattern and body mass index at an error level of less than 0.05 and a confidence level of 95%. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        12 - The effect of collaborative learning method on first grade students of Yasouj city
        Gulnar  Salehikhah Maryam  Bastam ziba Bastam
        The purpose of this research is the effect of cooperative learning method on the first grade students of Yasouj city and whether their reading problems can be solved in a group and with each other's help or not. Therefore, two learning methods, One Saw I and Jake Saw II More
        The purpose of this research is the effect of cooperative learning method on the first grade students of Yasouj city and whether their reading problems can be solved in a group and with each other's help or not. Therefore, two learning methods, One Saw I and Jake Saw II, have been used to investigate its effect on improving children's reading and learning. According to the subject, the semi-experimental method of the pre-test-post-test design has been chosen. Hoshi and Kessler's scale was used to collect the data, and to determine the level of students' reading disorder, the reading recognition test known as the Shirazi test was used. Also, the data obtained from the results of the pre-test, post-test, post-test and delayed test were used to collect information. . The validity coefficient was estimated to be 0.85 and the reliability coefficient was 0.95 for the total scale, 0.93 for the class scale and 0.9 for the practical scale, and the mean of the reliability coefficients was 0.73. In the learning disorders center, an instructor provided educational services to 20 students during the week, and preferably 40 students were trained on two occasions. In this research, 20 students of the first term were randomly selected as the experimental group and 20 students of the second term were included as the control group. The information collected using the t-test of independent groups (t-test) and spss software was used for statistical work to compare the performance of two independent test and reference groups. The findings of the research show that cooperative learning is effective in reducing the problems of the first grade of elementary school compared to the individual education method. It is concluded from the hypotheses that cooperative learning is effective in not adding or removing words in the text compared to the individual education method, so we can conclude It was concluded that the students who were trained in cooperative method have better performance in acquiring reading skills. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        13 - -
        Abdul Hossein Peshgo Siddiqa  Talebipour Zahra   Talebipour
        The purpose of this research is the effect of learning method with individual education method on dyslexic students of the first grade of elementary school in Yasouj city and whether their reading problems can be solved in a group and with each other's help or not? Ther More
        The purpose of this research is the effect of learning method with individual education method on dyslexic students of the first grade of elementary school in Yasouj city and whether their reading problems can be solved in a group and with each other's help or not? Therefore, two learning methods, One Saw I and Jake Saw II, have been used to investigate its effect on improving children's reading and learning. According to the subject, the semi-experimental method of the pre-test-post-test design has been chosen. Hoshi and Kessler's scale was used to collect the data, and to determine the level of students' reading disorder, the reading recognition test known as the Shirazi test was used. Also, the data obtained from the results of the pre-test, post-test, post-test and delayed test were used to collect information. . The validity coefficient was estimated to be 0.85 and the reliability coefficient was 0.95 for the total scale, 0.93 for the class scale and 0.9 for the practical scale, and the mean of the reliability coefficients was 0.73. In the center of learning disorders, an instructor provided educational services to 10 students during the week, and preferably 20 students were trained on two occasions. The findings of the research show that cooperative learning is effective in reducing the dyslexia problems of the first grade of elementary school compared to the individual education method. From the hypotheses, it can be concluded that cooperative learning is effective in not adding or removing words in the text compared to the individual education method. It was concluded that the students who were trained individually have better performance in acquiring reading skills. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        14 - Investigating the level of education in reducing the number of prisoners in Yasouj city
        Hassan  Habibi Manesh zohre Sanaini Nejad Mehdi  Nikbakht Ibrahim  Danai
        According to past researches, increasing the age and education level of prisoners had an inverse relationship with committing crimes, especially theft, which is the most frequent crime, and a direct relationship was observed only in the case of fraud. The amount of crim More
        According to past researches, increasing the age and education level of prisoners had an inverse relationship with committing crimes, especially theft, which is the most frequent crime, and a direct relationship was observed only in the case of fraud. The amount of crime and its re-offending had an inverse relationship with the level of education and income and a direct relationship with urbanization and settlement. Assaults and traffic accidents have an inverse relationship with urbanization, and fraud and drug trafficking, as well as their history of repetition, have a direct relationship with urbanization. In this research, the level of education has been investigated in reducing the number of prisoners in Yasouj city. The main purpose of this research is to investigate how these two variables are connected and to study the effect of education level in reducing social harms, which is the main hypothesis. This research is of a social type and the results of this research show that when we examine a limited statistical population, most of the defendants who are tried in courts for various crimes, especially crimes related to violence, are from the lower deciles of the society and are poorly educated. If we can investigate this issue among different strata by gaining trust and honest answers, we can achieve a favorable result, but the successful implementation of these laws requires proper culture in the society. Manuscript profile
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        15 - A comparative study of emotional intelligence with academic progress of primary school students in Yasouj city
        Zainab   Farahpour Zarifeh  Zamanian Nejad Rasool  Zamanian Nejad
        Today's world is changing. Life is getting more complicated and it doesn't give us time to think anymore. In this situation, we really need to have a high power and a high skill to establish a relationship with this globalized world and those who can win the game in thi More
        Today's world is changing. Life is getting more complicated and it doesn't give us time to think anymore. In this situation, we really need to have a high power and a high skill to establish a relationship with this globalized world and those who can win the game in this global market who have a high skill in emotional intelligence. The purpose of this research is to compare emotional intelligence with academic progress of primary school students in Yasouj city. The measurement tool in the current research is a standard questionnaire that determines the comparative study of emotional intelligence with the academic progress of the studied elementary school students. The statistical population of this research is all primary school students of Yasouj city who were selected by simple random method. The results of the research showed that there is a difference between emotional intelligence and academic progress of male and female students. That is, with the increase of emotional intelligence, the academic success of students also increases. Manuscript profile
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        16 - A comparison of spiritual intelligence with academic progress of primary school students in Yasouj city
        Pairy  Darabi
        Students have different abilities in learning the taught lessons, some are prone to learning and some lack the necessary talent to learn. The aim of the current research is to compare spiritual intelligence with academic progress of primary school students in Yasouj cit More
        Students have different abilities in learning the taught lessons, some are prone to learning and some lack the necessary talent to learn. The aim of the current research is to compare spiritual intelligence with academic progress of primary school students in Yasouj city. The population under study is 397 students (205 girls and 192 boys) of primary school in Yasouj city, who were randomly selected and their IQ was measured using Raven's test. The criterion of their academic progress was the average scores of the first, second, and third months, after removing discipline and sports scores. The obtained results show that the students' IQ had a positive and significant effect on their academic progress, and factors such as parents' education and occupation also had a statistically significant relationship with academic progress and intelligence. (P<0.001) Manuscript profile
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        17 - Investigating the effect of the English teacher on the self-esteem of high school students in Yasouj city
        Ali  Rakhshan
        The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of English language knowledge on the self-esteem of students of Shahid Panahi High School, Sarabataveh School. The research is applied and descriptive survey method is used. The statistical population included hi More
        The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of English language knowledge on the self-esteem of students of Shahid Panahi High School, Sarabataveh School. The research is applied and descriptive survey method is used. The statistical population included high school students of Yasouj city in the academic year of 1400, and the available and targeted sampling method was used. The data collection tool was Eysenck's self-esteem questionnaire and Nelson's English language knowledge questionnaire, after collecting the data, the analysis was done at the level of inferential statistics. The findings of the research show that the difference in averages of English language knowledge among high school students in Yasouj city is statistically significant, but the difference in averages of self-esteem is not statistically significant. Also, the variable effect of English language knowledge on self-esteem is significant. The interaction between English language knowledge and field of study and the simultaneous effect of these two independent variables on the dependent variable, as well as the interaction between English language knowledge and field of study and the simultaneous effect of these two independent variables on the dependent variable of self-esteem, are not statistically significant. Manuscript profile
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        18 - The effect of collaborative teaching method on the academic progress of chemistry course of first year female students of Yasouj city high school
        Azrae Rozehdar
        The aim is the effect of collaborative teaching method on the academic progress of chemistry course of first year female students of Yasouj high school. The research method was semi-experimental, and the data collection tool was the social skills questionnaire, as well More
        The aim is the effect of collaborative teaching method on the academic progress of chemistry course of first year female students of Yasouj high school. The research method was semi-experimental, and the data collection tool was the social skills questionnaire, as well as the grade point average of the students was used to check their academic progress. The statistical population of this research was all male students in the first grade of Yasouj secondary school in the academic year of 1401-02. The number of them was estimated to be 61 and the entire statistical population was selected as the research sample. The assumptions were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods of one-way covariance analysis, and the results showed; The cooperative learning method does not affect the academic progress of students in general; The results also showed that the cooperative learning method has a significant effect on the development of students' participation skills in group activities. Manuscript profile
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        19 - The effect of collaborative teaching method on the social skills of the fifth grade students of Yasouj city
        ali ohadikish
        The purpose of this study is the effect of cooperative teaching method on social skills of fifth grade students of Yasouj city. The research method was semi-experimental and the data collection tool was the questionnaire of their academic social skills. The statistical More
        The purpose of this study is the effect of cooperative teaching method on social skills of fifth grade students of Yasouj city. The research method was semi-experimental and the data collection tool was the questionnaire of their academic social skills. The statistical population of this research was all male students of the first grade of secondary school in Yasouj city in the academic year of 1402-1401, whose number was estimated to be 81, and the whole population Statistics were also selected as a research sample. Hypotheses were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods of one-way covariance analysis, and the results showed; The cooperative learning method does not affect the social skills of students in general; The results also showed that the cooperative learning method has a significant effect on the development of students' participation skills in group activities, but it does not have a significant effect on the students' ability to respect others, cooperation skills, and responsibility skills. Manuscript profile