های اخلاقی

Open Access Article

1 - Genetic Modification of Human Characteristics and Capacities in View of Ethics and Jurisprudence
Akram Safiri Zahrasadat Mirhashemi

Abstract: Genetic technology and its application on man is one of the newly discovered scientific issues that helps genetic modification of human forces and capacities to change him into a super-human. Genetic modification of human capacities is creating a change, alter More

Abstract: Genetic technology and its application on man is one of the newly discovered scientific issues that helps genetic modification of human forces and capacities to change him into a super-human. Genetic modification of human capacities is creating a change, altering or genetically modifying human genes so that some organs function beyond natural limits of humans. Genetic modification does not pursue treatment of people with certain diseases; rather, it reinforces genetic characteristics of a healthy human. The general ethical codes and principles as well as the rule of wisdom that are based on the advantages and disadvantages of using this technology, serve as guidelines for us in issuing an ethical rule on reinforcing human capacities through this technology. To that end, this paper intends to have access to a crystal clear ethical rule on genetic modification based on ethics and Fiqh or Islamic jurisprudence. We will study genetic modification of human capacities by genetic selection of the embryo in comparison with genetic modification of human capacities through genetic recombinant. In the meantime, we will discuss in detail the disadvantages and damages coming from genetic modification, highlight its unethical manners and propose its prohibition by law. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Query on the Robert Merrihew Adams's theory of virtue and the moral argument from the best explanation of objective moral values for the existence of God
امیرعباس علیزمانی

With the advent of scientific advances in recent centuries, widespread philosophical criticisms weakened the traditional evidences and compelled the theistic to pursue novel evidences such as ethics to support their ideas., the moral argument of Robert Merrihew Adams is More

With the advent of scientific advances in recent centuries, widespread philosophical criticisms weakened the traditional evidences and compelled the theistic to pursue novel evidences such as ethics to support their ideas., the moral argument of Robert Merrihew Adams is one of the contemporary moral argument for the existence of God. By devised the theory of virtue by Adams, offers a new explanation of moral values which have ability to justify the objectivity of moral values, as the most important element of Ethics Meaningful, and also have ability to justify The truth of theism, as a important part of this explanation. In this article we have tried to explain this idea and described this theory and analyzed the argument which raised from this theory and prepared evidences and reasons for the existence of God and then we examine the critics of that Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Ethical and Behavioral Standards: Legal Reading and Their Social Effects
Mohammad Reza Vijeh Azad Rezaei

Ethical and behavioral standards (professional standards) are based on several principles, values and ethical standards related to occupations that ethical standards like ethical and value declarations determine ethical virtues and behavioral standards set them to guide More

Ethical and behavioral standards (professional standards) are based on several principles, values and ethical standards related to occupations that ethical standards like ethical and value declarations determine ethical virtues and behavioral standards set them to guide the members of minor areas. On the other hand, in particular, our country faces a range of problems and challenges such as the water crisis, the environmental crisis, the crisis of public trust and other social crises which in many cases may threat the integrity of the country. It is believed that such problems are derived from inattention of moral values, preference of personal and group interests to public interest and corruption in general and etc,. Our assumption is that the adoption of professional standards in every kind and in particular, legal perceptions of them will lead to the rule of ethical values at the levels of occupation at first and then, lead to ethical excellence of a large part of society. In the meantime, we found through descriptive-analytical study that ethical excellence, fight against corruption and the strengthening of public trust, the safeguarding of citizenship rights, the strengthening of professional solidarity, the preservation of the dignity and integrity of the minor areas, and etc., will be prove to be true as the positive effects that can overcome many of mentioned problems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Ethical Components in the Structure of the Commercial Model between Iran and Russia
Beitollah Akbari Moghadam Alireza Keshavarz Ghasemi

In a turbulent world today, all countries are thinking of exporting their goods outside the domestic markets. Due to the rapid change in the business environment at the international level, it is important to examine factors affecting the export performance of enterpris More

In a turbulent world today, all countries are thinking of exporting their goods outside the domestic markets. Due to the rapid change in the business environment at the international level, it is important to examine factors affecting the export performance of enterprises. The present study has two parts. The first part involves a quantitative analysis using a quasi-gravity model. In the second part, based on the structural equation technique, the effect of individual and environmental factors on the export performance of the business enterprises has been investigated. Considering the fact that the number of exporting companies to Russia is limited in Qazvin and Tehran provinces, the sampling method (available) has been used and 39 questionnaires have been distributed among the main exporters. The research findings indicate that trade between Iran and Russia follows the Hakeshir-Oholian Relative Advantage Act, and the trade between the two countries for Iran is between industrial and non-industrial ones. In the qualitative analysis, the present study also concluded that factors such as the trust of Iranian exporters in the Russian importer's private sector and the existence of a reliable bank for currency transfers, as well as attention to other Russian regions (except Moscow) among other personal factors And the environment with the first to third ranks of the export performance of Iranian business firms. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The economic rights of coastal countries in different maritime areas In the shadow of moral teachings
maryam shamoni Ahwazi mansour atashene basem mavali zadeh

Governance is one of the most fundamental concepts related to the formation and sustainability of the state-state, which gives the legitimate and objective faculties of the government of that country. This concept defines the scope of the authority of the political syst More

Governance is one of the most fundamental concepts related to the formation and sustainability of the state-state, which gives the legitimate and objective faculties of the government of that country. This concept defines the scope of the authority of the political system and governing institutions within the country and in foreign relations. In addition to the political borders of the land, the sovereignty of the countries has come at the blue borders. In marine environments, coastal countries are qualified after considering the economic bases of the maritime zones. In this regard, one of the roots of the disagreements arises here from which developed countries want to dominate economic zones and limit the domination of governments The coast was around the waters around you. On the other hand, colonized and developing countries are demanding more seaweed for economic protection from their land areas. In this study, the purpose of this study was to examine the economic rights of coastal countries in different marine areas. And then collect information using the library method and phishing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Ethical Challenges of Implementing Arbitration in Iranian Legal System
Ali Rasoolzadeh Farsad Hamidreza Oloumi

The arbitration institution has been considered by the people since the old days as a solution to the disputes based on the agreement of the parties of the dispute.This contractual system of arbitrary has privileges that make it superior to other methods of resolving di More

The arbitration institution has been considered by the people since the old days as a solution to the disputes based on the agreement of the parties of the dispute.This contractual system of arbitrary has privileges that make it superior to other methods of resolving disputes. The most important principle in arbitration is the finality of Arbitral awards and its most important point is the enforce-ability of the arbitral awards, that supported by national and international rules of arbitration. Since the philosophical basis of arbitration are based on an agreement between the parties, this means accepting the referral of disputes to arbitration involves the parties' obligation in Optional execution.Nonetheless, if the losing party refuses to execute the arbitral awards, it is foreseen that it may be enforced in the relevant laws and regulations. In this article, with reference to the legal prin-ciples of the principle of the entry into enforce of the arbitral Awards, as well as the legal docu-ments, discuss enforce of internal arbitral awards, then outline the implementation of foreign arbitral awards within the jurisdiction of the New York Convention and outside its jurisdiction, and finally, how to implement foreign arbitral awards in accordance with specific circumstances. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The morphology of Rend and Lashar Epic
habib jadidolaslam ghalehno

The most famous epic of Baluch meaning Rend and Lashar was formed based on ethnic and regional values keeping the mentioned values, which lead a divesting and erosive war prolonging thirty years between two tribes of Rend and Lashar. The above mentioned epic, which i More

The most famous epic of Baluch meaning Rend and Lashar was formed based on ethnic and regional values keeping the mentioned values, which lead a divesting and erosive war prolonging thirty years between two tribes of Rend and Lashar. The above mentioned epic, which is greatly appreciated among Baluch People is assessed based on its morphologic analysis regarding the elements of story in details such as: Speech’s, behaviors, heroes, the logic of story, space and time, narration procedure, figure of speech and techniques. The objective of the author is introducing culture and literature of Baluch as well the most famous epic of Baluch based on morphologic analysis for those who appreciate and follow the literature of Baluch. There are many books are written on subject of poetic literature of Baluch. However. No considerable and independent book aims introducing Rend and Lashar epic based on morphologic procedures. This thesis is the first independent piece, which regard this subject for sure. The data are gathered using library study method and morphologic procedures. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Effective Behavioural and Ethical Factors in Occupation and Decision Making of Financial Managers: An Empirical Application (Case study: Agriculture bank of Iran)
Majid Ashrafi Jamadverdi Gorganli Davaji Ali Khozain

Based on psychological theories, decision-making of managers are influenced by some inaccessible psychological and Behavorial factors that in order to make effective decisions, it needed to understand these factors. Unfortunately, in many cases, managers are not aware More

Based on psychological theories, decision-making of managers are influenced by some inaccessible psychological and Behavorial factors that in order to make effective decisions, it needed to understand these factors. Unfortunately, in many cases, managers are not aware of this issue, and as a result of their lack of management of their feelings, they unconsciously make mistakes. One of the effective solvation is hellping of new science in accounting named behavorial finance .The present research is conducted in the field of individuals and explores various psychological and Behavorial factors that affected in decision making of financial managers in the banking system.This research is a step-by-step with a qualitative-quantitative approach, which is conducted in most of the questionnaires, so that using of Smart-Pls, with the help of AHP techniques, it will rank the effective psychological variables in selection of financial managers and decision making of them. The results indicate that inheritance, personality, acquisition and social factors influence people's decision making so that variables: having confidence, managing and controlling stress, person's responsibility and having mental abilities in finding innovative solutions, having emotional intelligence (EQ), are the psychological factors that effected in kind of decision making of financial manager. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Explaining the Nasser Khosrow's Thought in the Area of Reason and Reason and Concluding its Educational Teachings

The tendency to wisdom and its description are one of the most prominent and important features of Naser Khosrow's writings. The present article is intended to investigate Nasser Khosrow's thoughts on reason and rationality, philosophical and religious foundations, and More

The tendency to wisdom and its description are one of the most prominent and important features of Naser Khosrow's writings. The present article is intended to investigate Nasser Khosrow's thoughts on reason and rationality, philosophical and religious foundations, and his educational teachings. After describing and explaining Naser Khosrow's Philosophical and Educational Perspective, the author looks at the nature of reason and rationality to study the resulting educational teachings. In this article, the author has used descriptive, analytical, and documentary methods using library and electronic resources to describe concepts, analyze and explain the problem. Meanwhile, information analysis was carried out using a (inductive) category system. Our findings reveal that Nasser Khosrow believes that reason is the gift of the goddess of religion and the kimia of happiness in the two worlds that the wise man, with the help of which in the world, is protected from sin and in the hereafter from the fire of Hell. Also, human supremacy affects all the creatures of the science of appearance and inner being due to the existence of reason. Accordingly, the educational teachings of rationalism from the perspective of Nasser Khusraw include the fulfillment of ethical conduct, self-cultivation, reasoning (the assessment of the accuracy of the matter with the criterion and logical and rational reasons) and the independence of thought and imitation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Ethical challenges of Application of Nanotechnology Technology in Crime Detection
Reza Soudi seyed ghasem zamani Abo-Mohammad Asgarkhani

The complexities of social relationships in today's world complicate the way crimes are committed, and the discovery of complex crimes requires sophisticated and technical tools, and the traditional, long-standing method can not answer all the needs of society to detect More

The complexities of social relationships in today's world complicate the way crimes are committed, and the discovery of complex crimes requires sophisticated and technical tools, and the traditional, long-standing method can not answer all the needs of society to detect crime. Nanotechnology, like other scientific fields, has also entered criminal science, and has been widely used to identify and assess the evidence and evidence gathered in the crime scene. Nanotechnology can be effective in preventing and detecting offenders due to its abundant capabilities in detecting and detecting the exact and rapid effects of crime. Using this technology in DNA detection and fingerprinting can provide new and scientific solutions for detecting and improving hidden effects containing DNA and fingers that will otherwise be unidentified. Today, the scope of criminal police activities is wider by utilizing the most advanced equipment and facilities for biotechnology and nano technology. Today, the use of electron microscopes, nano-sensors, biological sensors and various methods of nasal sputum has become commonplace in accredited police criminal laboratories, and the true discovery The crime remains the slightest ambiguity, with the advent of nanotechnology Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Protecting privacy in cyberspace by emphasizing ethical and legal principles
hasan badini qafour khoeini hamzeh karami

Educating privacy and adhering to code of ethics in cyberspace is an important and challenging issue because it is a global, high-speed, accessible, transcendent, transcendental, fluid, augmented and dense reality; Ethical rules and order become more important. At the l More

Educating privacy and adhering to code of ethics in cyberspace is an important and challenging issue because it is a global, high-speed, accessible, transcendent, transcendental, fluid, augmented and dense reality; Ethical rules and order become more important. At the lower level, at least in the national cyberspace, binding ethical codes need to be approved by the Majlis to become binding law. However, in the cyber space, the issue of disseminating information that is the nature of this environment seems to conflict with the right to privacy. The principles, rules and softwares of the cyber environment have been formulated primarily to facilitate and expedite communication. Whereas in the real environment, the core of morality is the provision of material and spiritual well-being. Thus, in cyber-space privacy violations, especially where the breach is merely cyber-infringement and not real-life cyberbullying, there appears to be an inherent philosophy of cyberspace that facilitates the enforcement of law, which facilitates Is the diffusion and exchange of information, Deterrence should be considered ethical as far as possible, but assumed that breach of privacy in cyberspace will result in material and intellectual damages to individuals; It used civil and criminal bail guarantees in response to them Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Violation of author's rights in cyberspace and its moral implications
Mohammad shakori Nejad Ali Almasi

In Islamic mysticism, one of the most important rights of individuals is the trusteeship and protection of the rights of the parties. One of the most important rights of authors is their moral rights. Nonetheless, law-enforcement works worldwide have become increasingly More

In Islamic mysticism, one of the most important rights of individuals is the trusteeship and protection of the rights of the parties. One of the most important rights of authors is their moral rights. Nonetheless, law-enforcement works worldwide have become increasingly cyberspace. Works such as films, recording and display of music and scientific texts, can be sent to all over the world, and in today's world, more mystical study is required. Duplication of works in databases located in foreign countries and publicly available intellectual works by online service providers is one of the greatest legal challenges. The violations of moral rights of the author, regardless of their mystical levels, can be carried out continuously in different countries. Because digital access to the digital universe is possible and makes it possible for recipients and traffickers of intellectual works to do so, it is very difficult to locate the works of art and art there where they are produced, reproduced or violated. In international documents, the determination of the competent court has been made to determine where the violation of moral rights has been committed. But it seems that this criterion is ineffective due to the crampiness of the cyber space, and also needs to be further explored in Islamic mysticism. Therefore, in this paper, using a library research methodology based on the place of activity of Internet service providers, a new criterion for determining the competent court and its explanation in Islamic mysticism is presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - A moral and legal look at the nuclear risks to global peace and security
Ali Bagheri Mahmud Abadi Amir Maghami Alireza Arashpour

The world today is much smaller than previously thought, given the size of extraterrestrial exploration. In the meantime, fast human communication in every part of the globe has made us aware of the smallest developments elsewhere. Things that may go against human value More

The world today is much smaller than previously thought, given the size of extraterrestrial exploration. In the meantime, fast human communication in every part of the globe has made us aware of the smallest developments elsewhere. Things that may go against human values and ethics. As such, issues such as human rights, human rights and peace are more or less addressed to the ethical and human value goals of human beings. Given this, the use or threat of using nuclear weapons for nearly 70 years, years after the first nuclear bomb was tested in the 1940s, is one of the major concerns of countries and the international community. Concerns are heightened when terrorist groups seek to use this destructive weapon and this is a threat that all countries and, above all, the international community must consider, and therefore the international community takes this threat seriously. , The major dangers of nuclear terrorism include attacking or sabotaging nuclear power plants, stealing nuclear material and using bombs. Is dirty. Therefore, events such as terrorism, the use of weapons of mass destruction caused by destructive nuclear power, have led to the use of these weapons and the use of nuclear materials both from the standpoint of international law and ethics and values. Declare human beings forbidden. However, the present study, developed using a qualitative research method based on a library-based descriptive-analytical approach, seeks to analyze and examine the legal, value and ethical approaches of the United Nations and the international community in the fight against nuclear terrorism. The result of the research is that the international community's joint approach and actions on nuclear hazards, the use of the aforementioned weapons, and humanitarian responses to UN principles and principles, are the most effective way to combat Terrorism is nuclear, and it concludes that it has an undeniable focal point in the fight against nuclear terrorism, through measures such as the formulation of important multilateral treaties aimed at preventing terrorist groups from operating. , Protecting Fissile Nuclear Material, Strengthening International Atomic Energy Agency Role, Increasing Commitments For the nuclear industry and increase the liability of the Security Council, can play an important role and Tasyrgzardrmbarz•h nuclear terrorism and maintaining peace and international security will be. Manuscript profile

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14 - moral challenge and responsibility of caspian"s oil and gas unilateral usage
Soheil Asgharzadeh Abdul Karim Shahidar

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Iran faced with new neighbors in this region; the neighbors who actually had no intention to adhere to their previous country’s commitments and this issue is important in ethic and international rules aspects. However, the exploit More

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Iran faced with new neighbors in this region; the neighbors who actually had no intention to adhere to their previous country’s commitments and this issue is important in ethic and international rules aspects. However, the exploitation of the seabed and under seabed reserves of the Caspian Sea has been among the unsolved problems yet. Furthermore, no agreement has been made about sharing such resources in the recent convention in Aktau. Despite considering Caspian as a sea or lake, the principles of international law like procedures of the countries and the principles of the international trials and doctrines do not confirm any unilateral use of gas and oil resources of this sea by the countries; on the other hand, the mentioned convention emphasizes the requirement of making a separate agreement about the seabed and under seabed resources of this sea which also suggests the requirement of making a comprehensive agreement among these countries. Nevertheless, what is actually observed is the exploitation of these resources by all countries bordering the Caspian Sea without considering the benefits of the other countries. In this regard, Iran has the most passive position. It is obvious that the countries in the Caspian border shall determine their objectives by applying the principles of international law and new geopolitical changes and make a comprehensive agreement about oil and gas resources. Before considering this significant affair, a comprehensive use of these resources is not allowed based on the international law and will arise international liability that is affected from universal ethics. Manuscript profile

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15 - Educational study of the issue of the strength of men over women in the light of the moral teachings of the Holy Quran
Reihaneh Emamjomeh Jafar nekoonam Mehrdad Abbasi

Surah An-Nisa 'is one of the civil surahs. In this surah, marital issues and rights are discussed. One of the issues raised in this surah is the "solidity" of men over women. Verse 34 of this surah states the strength of the men of woman based on the charity and detail More

Surah An-Nisa 'is one of the civil surahs. In this surah, marital issues and rights are discussed. One of the issues raised in this surah is the "solidity" of men over women. Verse 34 of this surah states the strength of the men of woman based on the charity and detail of the men. The issue of men's strength has been considered by commentators from the beginning until now, and each of them has had interpretations of this verse based on the prevailing culture in society. This verse, in the position of moral expression, is the subject of men's affairs over women, and the commentators have expressed the two titles of charity and detail as a factor of consistency, and have presented various views in determining the example of charity and detail. These views are full of extremism. In this study, based on the context of the verses of Surah An-Nisa 'and the verses before and after the verse of "Consistency" and other verses in the rest of the Surahs and accuracy in the meaning of charity, detail and consistency, it has been reached that consistency is close to educational and moral duties including behavior. The basis of justice is the observance of limits, the observance of the well-known principle, the denial of harm and transgression, forgiveness, etc. by men to women. It is also the "sphere of influence of men's solidarity related to family and marital issues" and does not cover other areas of women's lives, and women have full authority in other cases. Also, from the context of the verses related to marital rulings and the verses before and after verse 34 of Surah An-Nisa ', it can be seen that the authority of man over woman is only related to the field of marriage and woman has her own special and independent personality in other life situations. Is the only criterion of superiority of piety. Finally, it is inferred from all the moral teachings of Islam that the authority of a man over a woman is based on two principles, "infagh" which has been interpreted as paying dowry and "tafzil" which according to other verses of the Qur'an can be interpreted as provision. Islam has based the rules and rights of women on their nature, because social duties and responsibilities end with human nature. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Investigating the place of moral values in alimony and the feasibility of abolition of alimony in Iranian jurisprudence and law with a comparative study of American law
Fakhr Afagh Hamidi Seyed Ahmad Ali Hashemi Hossein Naseri Moghaddam

The wife's right to alimony in Islam and civil law, following Imami jurisprudence, is one of the inalienable rights of a permanent wife that a man is required to pay. Regarding the place of moral values in alimony, we came to the conclusion that the reason for the oblig More

The wife's right to alimony in Islam and civil law, following Imami jurisprudence, is one of the inalienable rights of a permanent wife that a man is required to pay. Regarding the place of moral values in alimony, we came to the conclusion that the reason for the obligation of men to pay alimony in Islamic law, given the different characteristics of men and women and the ability of each, is this obligation for men and not women and a moral value is the basis. It was a verdict. Regarding the necessity of the right to alimony, while examining the famous and unfamiliar opinions of the jurists, the lack of specification of the legislator and the unanimous decision of the Supreme Court, we came to the conclusion that as soon as the marriage is concluded, the wife is entitled to alimony and Muscat will not . Regarding the possibility of abrogation of alimony by the wife before concluding the marriage and its obligation, abrogation of this right from a legal point of view will be a valid and ineffective case; However, it seems that abortion after marriage is partially acceptable by the wife and does not interfere with the validity of the marriage and the legislative interests. In American law, although the issue of revocation of rights is not the same as in our law, alimony is a reciprocal obligation of the couple that not only does not expire during the cohabitation, but can also continue for each couple after the divorce. Unless the spouses agree or do not demand from each other, in such a case, according to the rule of the principle of will and the absence of the legislator in the personal relations of the spouses (except in cases of disagreement) the agreements of the parties will be valid. A comparative study of the differences in the field of alimony found positive cases in the American legal system and suggestions were made to amend the laws. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - The position of Islamic ethics standards in the field of negative consequences of quoting meaning and its reflection in prophetic narrations
Roohollah Samadi Ali Hossein Ehteshami Seyed Hamid Hosseini

Quotation of meaning means that the narrator expresses the meaning that the infallible (AS) has expressed in the form of words in other words and conveys the meaning. Undoubtedly, the approach of the phenomenon of quoting meaning to the hadiths has been accompanied by a More

Quotation of meaning means that the narrator expresses the meaning that the infallible (AS) has expressed in the form of words in other words and conveys the meaning. Undoubtedly, the approach of the phenomenon of quoting meaning to the hadiths has been accompanied by afflictions. The meaning of the word, which is based on certain words, may be lost due to the narration of the meaning, its charm and literary points, and sometimes lead to spiritual distortion or verbal stagnation. Shiite and Sunni scholars have been the ones who have caused damage to the credibility of the Prophetic narrations.Difference of hadiths, anxiety in the text, change and distortion, excess and deficiency in hadiths and similar conversion to firmness are among the negative consequences of narration. -An analysis with library technique. Manuscript profile

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18 - Study and analysis of the moral miracle of the Holy Quran
Mahin SHahrivar

Ethics is one of the most important manifestations of the Holy Quran, which some believe in the miracle of the Holy Quran in this regard. Ethics are the practical do's and don'ts that God Almighty has determined for us to grow and perfect, such as prayer, fasting, Hajj, More

Ethics is one of the most important manifestations of the Holy Quran, which some believe in the miracle of the Holy Quran in this regard. Ethics are the practical do's and don'ts that God Almighty has determined for us to grow and perfect, such as prayer, fasting, Hajj, Zakat, etc. The moral issues of the Qur'an should be sought in three areas: Comprehensive moral propositions of the Qur'an , The moral system of the Qur'an, which is superior to other moral systems with the principles and principles of its special teachings, and the historical influence of the Qur'an in creating a moral revolution in the early Islamic society and its audience. This article seeks to examine and analyze the ethical approaches of the Qur'an by referring to the moral examples of the Qur'an such as desirable moral virtues, introducing superior moral models to the world, observing chastity about sexual issues, and so on. Manuscript profile

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19 - Psychologists' Professional Codes of Ethics in Iran, America, Canada, England, and Australia
Behnaz Dowran Ali Fathi-Ashtiani

the present study compares psychologists' professional Codes of Ethics in Iran, America, Canada, England, and Australia. The study population consisted of all countries with professional Codes of Ethics, of which, America, Canada, Britain, Australia, and Iran were purpo More

the present study compares psychologists' professional Codes of Ethics in Iran, America, Canada, England, and Australia. The study population consisted of all countries with professional Codes of Ethics, of which, America, Canada, Britain, Australia, and Iran were purposively selected due to their progressiveness in the development of professional Codes of Ethics, and their ethical principles and standards were compared. The results obtained showed that with the exception of Iran and America, all codes studied had defined the basic concepts and terminologies after introduction. In addition, they all contained two main sections, namely, general principles and standards. The general principles were almost the same and common in these codes, and included respect for people's dignity, accountability, integrity, no discrimination or injustice, philanthropy, and avoidance of harm. The ethical standards in Iran’s and America's codes appear independently from the general principles. Meanwhile, the standards are presented under relevant ethical principles in the Australian, Canadian, and British codes. Iran's standards of ethical codes almost exactly match those of America's, and the only difference is in the order of presenting standards of "Accountability" and "Storing registered information and fees" and the extent of explanations and details. According to the present study, the following changes can contribute to a greater understanding and practicability of Iran's Code of Ethics: Providing definitions and explanations for specialized terminologies and general principles, adding more details to standards and considering local culture and religion. Manuscript profile

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20 - Causal Explanation of Dimensions of academic dishonesty Base on Moral Character and Self- Deception
Dr Barani farhad khormaei

Introduction: Although, Investigating the separated dimensions of academic dishonesty is important to identify its causes and reduce this behavior, But researches have investigated this behavior by a general construct. The purpose of this study was Causal explanation of More

Introduction: Although, Investigating the separated dimensions of academic dishonesty is important to identify its causes and reduce this behavior, But researches have investigated this behavior by a general construct. The purpose of this study was Causal explanation of the dimensions of academic dishonesty among a group of undergraduate students at Shiraz University. Method: Participants were 303 (185 girls and 111 boys) undergraduates at Shiraz University (during 1397-98 academic year) who were selected using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. They completed the moral character scale of Khoramei & Ghaemi (2018), self- deception of Sirvent et al. (2019), and Academic Dishonesty scales of Bashir & Bala (2018). For analyzing the research model, structural equation modeling and Amos 24 software was used. Results: The results showed that the research model fits well with the data collected. Findings showed that moral character predicted Dimensions of academic dishonesty directly and indirectly (through self- deception). Also, the maximum variance was explained by lying about academic assignments and the minimum variance by Cheating in Examination in the model. Conclusion: In general, the findings of the present study illustrate the role of moral character and self-deception in explaining the dimensions of academic dishonesty, and especially the dimension of lying about academic assignments. Manuscript profile

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21 - The Impact of Organizational Moral Values on Tax Obedience with Emphasis on the Mediating Role of Social Capital
jafar beikzad seyedhamed amiri

Taxation is important for governments in all countries to fund. But this should be done in a context that the role of components that are necessary for the consistency and sustainability of society, including respect for high human and moral values. In the meantime, the More

Taxation is important for governments in all countries to fund. But this should be done in a context that the role of components that are necessary for the consistency and sustainability of society, including respect for high human and moral values. In the meantime, the impact of moral values and social capital on the variable Is an interesting topic that has recently been explored in the field of behavioral finance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of moral values on tax compliance with the mediating role of social capital in the General Department of Taxation of Zanjan Province. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of method. The statistical population of this study is the staff of the General Department of Tax Affairs of Zanjan Province, whose number is 457 people. The statistical sample size was estimated to be 209 using the Cochran relation and was selected by stratified random sampling. Required data with 3 standard questionnaires; The Questionnaire of Ethical Values of the Organization (Namkung, 2010), the Questionnaire of Tax Obedience (Nia Research 1392-93) and the Questionnaire of Social Capital (Nahapit and Gushkal, 1998) were collected and based on structural equation modeling using SPss and PLS software The findings of the study showed a positive and significant effect of the moral values of the organization and social capital on tax compliance; At the same time, the mediating role of social capital in influencing moral values on tax compliance was confirmed. Manuscript profile

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22 - Ethical teachings in the poetry of the Samanid era
fariba arasteh Mohammad Saleh Amiri Maryam jafari

Samanids are the first Iranian dynasty after Islam that seriously tried to cultivate Persian poetry and literature. The most famous poets of this period are Rudaki, Shahid Balkhi, Daqiqi, Abu Shakur and Kasaei, Rabia, and Rabnjani. One of the most widely used themes in More

Samanids are the first Iranian dynasty after Islam that seriously tried to cultivate Persian poetry and literature. The most famous poets of this period are Rudaki, Shahid Balkhi, Daqiqi, Abu Shakur and Kasaei, Rabia, and Rabnjani. One of the most widely used themes in the literary works of the Samanid era is ethics and thematic topics that have received much attention in this period. Addressing the moral teachings in the poetry of this period can inform the audience about the people and their ethics in the Samanid period. Since no serious work has been done so far on the moral teachings of the poets of this age, most of whom are insane poets, this research seems necessary. From the present article, he has studied some topics such as justice, scholarship, wisdom, patience, forgiveness and forgiveness, liberalism and nature, etc. with a descriptive-analytical approach and has come to the conclusion that the poets of this era try to express the moral themes of the effort. They have considered this period of poverty as disgraceful. Instead of receiving gifts, loans are paid to the person in charge. Can be seen. Manuscript profile

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23 - Study procedure Tolerance of thoughts and behavior Based on Islamic teachings
mohammad saeeid shafiei shirin shafiei

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Open Access Article

24 - Ethical components of providing a model to motivate and increase the culture of buying domestic products (Case Study: Electrical Appliances)
Saloumeh Nouri seyed mahdi moafi madani Yadollah khodaverdi

Today, creating an ethical environment and promoting human values is one of the most important tasks of organizations, and observing ethics in the business world reduces tensions, increases productivity and creates competitive advantages for the organization.The main pu More

Today, creating an ethical environment and promoting human values is one of the most important tasks of organizations, and observing ethics in the business world reduces tensions, increases productivity and creates competitive advantages for the organization.The main purpose of this study is to present a model for encouraging fellow countrymen to buy domestically made goods by considering ethical components.In the first stage, through the snowball technique, 10 experts were identified for interview. After conducting the interview and coding, the main components along with the subsets were identified, and finally, after Screening was performed and reuse of experts. The main variables of the model were identified. 2 main subsets were obtained for the model, including 1- Advantages and positive factors 2. Obstacles and limitations, d for the first factor 10 variables including promotion and distribution - Perceived value of the product Strategies - Platform - Cost of the product for the customer - Familiarity and trust in the product - Support and after-sales service - Patriotism - Appropriate quality - Product diversity and for the second factor 6 variables including consequences - Brand Absence of goods - Interfering conditions - Axis phenomenon - Perceived risk of the product - Causal conditions were identified, finally the conceptual model of the research was presented using grounded theory method and Max QDE software. Manuscript profile

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25 - Examining the moral and intellectual characteristics of the perfect man in the works of certain Attar
Shahrokh Hekmat

The search for the perfect man and following him has always been the human aspiration throughout history. Attar always thinks of human perfection by establishing divine prophets and believes that access to the world of science, knowledge and truth is possible only by ar More

The search for the perfect man and following him has always been the human aspiration throughout history. Attar always thinks of human perfection by establishing divine prophets and believes that access to the world of science, knowledge and truth is possible only by arresting a perfect human being. Attar, a famous poet of the seventh century, is a heartbroken old man who, with divine loves to walk the path of truth, has lit the light of the Shari'a and placed it in the way of the Taliban of truth, to seek the seven valleys of mysticism from desire to poverty and destruction. Go home. He always thinks of human perfection and in all his works he raises the issue of a perfect human being. Sheikh Attar is a great poet and mystic who has both theoretical and practical mysticism and has established a connection between them and has expressed many moral points carefully, which may have acted as a moral teacher in his works in this regard. Is. Using the method of allegory, he has been able to reveal both mystical issues and moral points derived from Quranic culture and religious orders. This article intends to express Attar Neyshabouri's attitude and thought about the moral and intellectual characteristics of a perfect human being and how to go through the stages of perfection in Attar's certain works through a descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile

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26 - The Impact of Organizational Moral Values on Tax Obedience with Emphasis on the Mediating Role of Social Capital
جعفر بیک زاد سیدحامد امیری

Tax taking is important for governments in all countries for funding. But this issue should be done in a context that the role of components that are necessary for the consistency and sustainability of society, including respect for high human and moral values. In the m More

Tax taking is important for governments in all countries for funding. But this issue should be done in a context that the role of components that are necessary for the consistency and sustainability of society, including respect for high human and moral values. In the meantime, the impact of moral values and social capital on the variable is an interesting issue that has recently been investigated in the field of behavioral finance. This paper investigated the effect of moral values on tax compliance with the mediating role of social capital in the General Department of Taxation of Zanjan Province. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of method. The statistical population of this study is the staff of the General Department of Tax Affairs of Zanjan Province, whose number is 457 people. The statistical sample size was estimated to be 209 using the Cochran relation and was selected by stratified random sampling. Required data with 3 standard questionnaires; The Questionnaire of Ethical Values of the Organization (Namkung, 2010), the Questionnaire of Tax Obedience (Pazhuhesh Nia1392-93) and the Questionnaire of Social Capital (Nahapit and Gushkal, 1998) were collected and based on structural equation modeling using SPss and PLS software. The findings showed a positive and significant effect of the organization's moral values and social capital on tax compliance; in addition, the mediating role of social capital in influencing moral values on tax compliance was confirmed. Manuscript profile

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27 - Explaining the moral value view of complementary and secondary punishments
Zakiye Ebrahimzadeh Ahmad Bagheri Esmaiel Rahimi Nejad

Moral values are those behaviors that play a role in the development of pure human nature. It is clear that the constitution of Islam, which is derived from the revelation, has the best position to achieve this goal. Matching moral values with inappropriate human behavi More

Moral values are those behaviors that play a role in the development of pure human nature. It is clear that the constitution of Islam, which is derived from the revelation, has the best position to achieve this goal. Matching moral values with inappropriate human behaviors; That is, crime and punishment is the subject of this article, which the author tried to present the solutions for the realization of moral values in secondary and supplementary punishment by examining the goals of punishment and the principles governing punishment. The result of this article is that in Islam, according to the expedients it considers, in addition to the main punishment, supplementary and secondary punishments are considered to punish the criminal, and these punishments are subordinate to the main punishments. are considered The difference between these two types of punishment is that in supplementary punishment, the judge is free to apply them, while in secondary punishment, he has no authority and the punishment is specified in the court order. This article seeks to answer the question of what is the basis of moral values in supplementary and consequential punishments with analytical-ijtihad method and using library sources. Considering the goals of punishment in Islam and Quranic documents, Sunnah, the general evidence of punishment and the general principles governing punishment, it can be said that the realization of moral values in supplementary and secondary punishments is achieved when these general conditions such as "proportion of crime and punishment" , deterrence of punishment, compensation of loss, implementation of justice and human dignity" should be considered in the secondary and supplementary punishments. Manuscript profile

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28 - Examining the corresponding moral values on the observance of the rights of the victim and the criminal in Iran's criminal law
Amir Feizi Ghobad Kazemi Masoud Ghasemi

Criminal procedure is the manifestation of human rights and its guarantor, criminal procedure regulations express the position of rights and their preservation and human dignity in that society. The law has value and credibility and reaches its lofty position when the r More

Criminal procedure is the manifestation of human rights and its guarantor, criminal procedure regulations express the position of rights and their preservation and human dignity in that society. The law has value and credibility and reaches its lofty position when the rights and moral value of people, both the victim and the offender, are respected. Failure to provide guarantees for balancing the rights of the victim and the criminal leads to the violation of the rights of the parties and the disintegration of the judicial process and the weakening of moral values in the society. The balance between the rights of the victim and the criminal does not mean that the same rights and protections It is foreseen for each of the parties to be used for the other party as well, because depending on the case and the path of the criminal proceedings, each of the victims or criminals needs their own services and support. The proposed strategy of this article to get out of these conflicts is to establish common and specific rights and guarantees for each of them in order to identify the needs of each victim and the offender so that their concerns in the field of establishing justice and fairness are resolved. This research shows that Iran's legislator has determined to balance the rights and moral values of the victim and the criminal, but the legislator has not been able to meet the expectations of the victim and the criminal. Manuscript profile

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29 - Investigating the extent of utilization of the educational and moral orientations of Nahj al-Balagha in the field of devotional and moral education of the fundamental transformation document
Mohammad Sadeghzadeh Farhad Edrisi Mohammad hosein Saeini Hossein Moradi Zanjani

Nahj al-Balagha is the best and most expressive language of the Qur'an and explains Islamic educational and moral issues. Acquaintance and examination of the general educational and moral orientations of Imam Ali (a.s.) in Nahj al-Balagheh, and its adaptation to the fie More

Nahj al-Balagha is the best and most expressive language of the Qur'an and explains Islamic educational and moral issues. Acquaintance and examination of the general educational and moral orientations of Imam Ali (a.s.) in Nahj al-Balagheh, and its adaptation to the field of religious, devotional, and moral education of the fundamental transformation document as a mother document in the field of education and training and generalization of these orientations in The society can solve many educational and moral problems and damages in the society. In this research, a comparative study of the educational and moral orientations of Nahj al-Balagha and the field of religious and religious moral education of the fundamental transformation document has been carried out using the descriptive method and the type of content analysis of the full text of the valuable book Nahj al-Balagha and also the document of fundamental transformation of education. and breeding has been analyzed. A comparative study of the principles and approaches governing this educational field in the fundamental transformation document with the educational and moral orientations of Nahj al-Balagheh indicates a meaningful connection and effective use of the texts and teachings of Nahj al-Balagheh in the compilation of this educational field and indicates the full use of the authors of the document. It is one of the educational and moral orientations of Nahj al-Balagheh, as well as the valuable teachings of this honorable book. Manuscript profile

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30 - Investigating weapons of mass destruction with a focus on moral values in jurisprudence and international law
Mohsen Reza Mosaddegh khah Morteza Barati Hasan Soleimani

Along the roaring waves of the development of contemporary modern technology, we witness the emergence of weapons of mass destruction such as nuclear weapons, biological weapons, etc., with a special index of destructive power and inseparability in the targets. And, amo More

Along the roaring waves of the development of contemporary modern technology, we witness the emergence of weapons of mass destruction such as nuclear weapons, biological weapons, etc., with a special index of destructive power and inseparability in the targets. And, among the secondary headings that will change the verdict is the rule of necessity, the prohibition of prohibitions, with its occurrence, the obligation is removed from the duty of the obligee, and the result of that is the permission to commit a forbidden act. Among other secondary headings is the rule of countering with like in legitimate defense. According to the results of the research, the use of weapons of mass destruction under secondary headings is also not allowed. However, in the sources of international law, such as the NPT, the United Nations Charter, and the consultation of the International Court of Justice in 1996, there was no clear reason to prohibit the use of weapons of mass destruction, and the use of this type of weapon for the legitimate defense of the country was allowed. Therefore, based on the arguments of Arbaah and the general provisions of international law treaties and for the purpose of legitimate defense and neutralization of modern weapons of war, with research and development and the acquisition of modern technology in order to create a suitable platform for the prevention of treatment, preservation and protection from the Islamic government, ensuring national security, human dignity, for example "Wa'adolham Mastatetam Potential" has taken action so that the Islamic homeland is mastered and equipped with modern weapons of war and relevant antidotes in special circumstances, especially in the form of legitimate and obligatory defense. Also, what can be inferred from Islamic ethics is that based on the teachings of Islam, from the Holy Book to the traditions, there are documents in the field of weapons of mass destruction, all of which emphasize the prohibition of the use of weapons of mass destruction and the use of such weapons in any The face is inhuman and immoral. Manuscript profile

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31 - Ethical Misconduct with a Focus on Covert Violence Against Women in the Novel "The Terrible Tehran" by Moshfeq Kazemi
Elham Ahmadi kobra nodehi arastoo mirani

Women are among the vulnerable groups in society who have historically faced widespread violations of rights and extensive violence. An important issue in this context is the various perspectives and theories that organizations, institutions, real and legal personalitie More

Women are among the vulnerable groups in society who have historically faced widespread violations of rights and extensive violence. An important issue in this context is the various perspectives and theories that organizations, institutions, real and legal personalities, and writers have each attempted to portray the nature of violence against women and combat it. Writers have typically used the format of social novels to describe the situation of women and the violence exerted upon them. This article explores Moshfeq Kazemi's "The Terrible Tehran," which is considered the first social novel in Iran. The main question of this paper is: "What are the main ethical misconducts focused on covert violence against women in 'The Terrible Tehran'?" The central hypothesis of the current article emphasizes that Moshfeq Kazemi depicts a frightening Tehran after the Constitutional Revolution and the early Pahlavi era, essentially mourning the plight of Iranian women and a patriarchal society through two major indicators: covert verbal and non-verbal violence. The findings of the article using a descriptive-analytical method and utilizing written and digital sources indicate that ethical misconduct against women in the novel "The Terrible Tehran" includes major indicators of covert verbal and non-verbal violence. Based on this, humiliation, slander, insult, threat, lying, taunting, and mockery fall under covert verbal violence, and ignoring women's personhood, supporting erroneous marriage customs, endorsement of polygamy, sexual violence, and hypocrisy are forms of covert non-verbal violence. Manuscript profile

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32 - A survey of ethical attitudes towards collaborative criminal justice
Mohammad Jamadi Ali Janipour Karam Janipour Dariush Babaie

Justice is one of the oldest concepts that mankind has known since the beginning of its civilization and has tried to establish it. Justice has different forms, which can be referred to as social, political, economic, etc. In this, criminal justice is of special importa More

Justice is one of the oldest concepts that mankind has known since the beginning of its civilization and has tried to establish it. Justice has different forms, which can be referred to as social, political, economic, etc. In this, criminal justice is of special importance. Scientists and experts in social sciences have considered several factors effective on criminal justice, among which principles such as the principle of acquittal and the principle of legality of crimes and punishments, as well as the personal nature of criminal responsibility, are important, but criminal responsibility is of particular importance among them. It is necessary to carry out serious scrutiny in this regard and conduct ethical attitudes towards criminal justice, especially collaborative criminal justice, in a scientific manner. Ignoring the areas of moral responsibility in the field of criminal justice violates the right of those referring to the judicial system and causes injustice. Therefore, paying attention to the character and human dignity of people is a necessity of collaborative criminal justice. The present article deals with the ethical attitudes in the field of collaborative criminal justice with a library method and has answered many unknowns in this regard. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Application of moral values in kindergarten architecture based on Islamic teachings
abdulrazzagh abdolhamidahmad reza nik khah siamak jafarzadeh

Ethics is the knowledge of how to live. Moral values are one of the most important factors in the formation process of Islamic architecture. Architecture is an arena for the emergence of individual and social life and the expression of moral values. Paying attention More

Ethics is the knowledge of how to live. Moral values are one of the most important factors in the formation process of Islamic architecture. Architecture is an arena for the emergence of individual and social life and the expression of moral values. Paying attention to the existential moral values of man and society is one of the basic needs of the formation of the environment and human life. Considering the effects of the environment as one of the effective factors on the moral education of the child, we need a detailed understanding of the characteristics that affect the moral education of the child so that we can design an environment that helps the moral development of the child and actually education Follow the child's morals. Here, the question is raised, what strategies and solutions have Islamic teachings provided regarding a suitable environment for the moral education of children? And what are the characteristics of a suitable kindergarten for the moral education of a child based on Islamic teachings? Accordingly, the aim of this research is to provide principles and a model for kindergarten design based on moral teachings. In this research, it has been tried by referring to Islamic teachings and with the method of logical reasoning and their interpretation and analysis, the environmental components and architecture of a suitable place for the moral education of children have been deduced and presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - The effect of ethical characteristics of managers on the relationship between conservatism and cost of equity
Saied AhmadVand Azita Jahanshad

One of the tools and mechanisms of drafting accounting standards is conservatism. Conservatism has been proposed as a useful tool for the board of directors in order to fully implement key tasks such as determining strategies, comprehensive supervision of the company More

One of the tools and mechanisms of drafting accounting standards is conservatism. Conservatism has been proposed as a useful tool for the board of directors in order to fully implement key tasks such as determining strategies, comprehensive supervision of the company's executive directors, and ensuring accountability to shareholders and stakeholders in recent years. Conservatism is placed as a criterion of pessimism in front of the manager's optimism to increase the quality of profit. Studies show that managers do not always behave in a completely rational way, and under the influence of characteristics such as optimism, overconfidence, etc., they may make irrational decisions that have an important impact on the company's financial and operational activities. On the other hand, one of the basic elements in making investment decisions is the cost of equity, which decreases the economic added value of companies. In order to maintain the value of the economic unit, the management should try to bring the expected return to at least the level of the cost of equity. In this, the key to success is reducing the cost of equity. Therefore, this research seeks to answer the question of whether the moral characteristics of managers have an effect on the non-linear relationship between accounting conservatism and the cost of equity? This research has been carried out in the framework of inductive-inductive arguments. In this research, library and field methods were used to collect information. The theoretical bases and researches carried out were used as a library basis. The statistical population of this research includes all the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the financial periods of 1392-1401. According to Cochran's formula, the number of samples used in this research has been obtained for an error of 0.085 (about 8.5%). According to the findings of the research, with the increase of managers' overconfidence, the relationship between managers' conservatism and the cost of equity will weaken, and there is an inverse relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Also, with the increase in managers' optimism, the relationship between the conservatism of managers and the cost of equity is strengthened, and there is a direct relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Also, with the increase of overconfidence, the cost of equity will decrease and there is an inverse relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Also, with the increase of the company size variable, the relationship between managers' conservatism and the cost of equity weakens, and there is an inverse relationship between the independent and dependent variable. This variable supports the linear relationship between managers' conservatism and the cost of equity. Manuscript profile

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