story

Open Access Article

1 - The co-education of Khorshid Shah and Ridak: the Comparison of Education in Two Texts of Khosrow Ghobadan and Ridaki (Pre-Islamic) and Samak Ayyar (6th Century Hegira)
Mohammad تمدن Abdolhossein Farzad

Some scholars believe that the history of “Samak Ayyar” story roots in pre-Islamic era and possibly in Parthia era. The comparative article is a comparison on educations provided and skills taught for “Khorshid Shah”, one the main heroes of “Samak Ayyar” book (written i More

Some scholars believe that the history of “Samak Ayyar” story roots in pre-Islamic era and possibly in Parthia era. The comparative article is a comparison on educations provided and skills taught for “Khorshid Shah”, one the main heroes of “Samak Ayyar” book (written in 585 Hegira) and “well-ambitious Ridak”, one of the Sassanid noblemen (The Pahlavi Text of Khosrow Ghobadan and Ridaki);. There are many similarities between their educations that can strengthen this possibility that Samak Ayyar is a pre-Islamic story. Research Method is a Library one and based on evidences from these two texts and attempts to prove abovementioned point. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Quintuple Areas of Regional-writing in Contemporary Story Literature of Iran
Reza صادقی شهپر

Dividing authors and their works based on their geographical location and birthplace is appropriate and true only when their similar features connect them to each other, otherwise naming a school and style of its authors’ works only based on their regional trend toward More

Dividing authors and their works based on their geographical location and birthplace is appropriate and true only when their similar features connect them to each other, otherwise naming a school and style of its authors’ works only based on their regional trend toward an area is meaningless and un-justifiable. Regional stories have similar and harmonic features and are accepted in connection with a special region and appropriate with birthplaces of authors and effects that they get from a special region. It is these effects from regional environment and its reflection in stories that caused some sort of similarities among works of some authors living in a same region and simultaneously caused some sort of differences with works of authors from other regions. Author in this article, after expressing the history of schooling in Iran’s contemporary story writing and their criticisms, proposes a new, precise and systematic division of regional story-writing based on definite and defined criteria and defines five area or branch of regional story-writing based on this criteria: north, south, Khorasan, west (Kerman Shah) and Azerbaijan in Iran’s contemporary story writing from constitutional era to Islamic Revolution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The Narratological Criticism of “Women Writer”
عليرضا شاهيني

Narrative of a story is the most important structural part of it. Appropriate and effective application of narrative methods is the main success base for every author to make his/her work lasting; therefore, narratological reviewing of a story and analysis of the new an More

Narrative of a story is the most important structural part of it. Appropriate and effective application of narrative methods is the main success base for every author to make his/her work lasting; therefore, narratological reviewing of a story and analysis of the new and creative methods of narrative are two important discussions in contemporary story criticism which, beyond motif and theme and content of the work, deals with the completely literary manifests of story text and reveals its different devices. “Women Writer” by Mahmoud Golab-Darei is a story which in its creation, writer particularly focuses on the contemporary narrative methods of story-writing. The considerable mental narrative and approaching to the language of poetry and poetic story, and also fluidity of narrative current which causes ambiguity in story and therefore tolerating different conclusions from reader is of the narrative feature of this story. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Structural Criticism of Narrative Sketch in Story
عبدالله حسن‌زاده میرعلی علی ششتمدی

Structural criticism of narrative sketch in story is a method to story criticism. In this article, first the definition of narrative and its construction is proposed and then its discrimination with linguistic elements is provided. Narrative is a story element which is More

Structural criticism of narrative sketch in story is a method to story criticism. In this article, first the definition of narrative and its construction is proposed and then its discrimination with linguistic elements is provided. Narrative is a story element which is not in the domain of language and as the essence and base of story, tale, fiction, drama, and other related literary forms, creates the main structure of an artistic work. Narrative sketch includes some elements of story which are significant in reviewing the structure of narrative. The role of narrative sketch is very significant in story morphology and to review the narrative sketch and its structure, we should review its sketch elements. Narrative morphology reveals artistic motifs of story and the kind of addressee relation with story and narrative would be proposed from this perspective. In last part, the method and technique of this criticism would be proposed independently and functionally and the significance and value of this method would be reviewed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Contrastive Study of Two Stories of Bon-bast (deadlock) and Samfoni -e Mordegan (the Symphony of the Dead) with Focus on Brothercide in Literature
mostafa gorji

Brothercide as a religious and historic myth, and originating from its archetype in the murder of Abel by his brother Cain, has always been associated with human’s triple concerns about ‘death’, ‘sin’, and ‘feeling of emptiness’. In classical Persian literature it has b More

Brothercide as a religious and historic myth, and originating from its archetype in the murder of Abel by his brother Cain, has always been associated with human’s triple concerns about ‘death’, ‘sin’, and ‘feeling of emptiness’. In classical Persian literature it has been expressed in different forms according to the prevail discourse of the time. In the present Article, the author tries to provide a contrastive analysis of Bon-Bast (a short war story by Mahmoud Dehghan), and Samfoni -e Mordegan, (a bestseller by Abbas Ma’roufi). First, an analysis of Bon-Bast is given; focusing the theme of brothercide, then it will be contrasted with Samfoni -e Mordegan. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Investigating the Dramatic Aspects of Rostam and Sohrab Story in Shahnameh Based on Aristotle’s Views on Drama
داود حاتمي

Among the mythological, heroic, and historic stories in Shahnameh, the heroic ones are of better ground and more fascinating perspectives for study than the others. Isolation of heroic function from the functions of mythological-king-hero character and its appearance in More

Among the mythological, heroic, and historic stories in Shahnameh, the heroic ones are of better ground and more fascinating perspectives for study than the others. Isolation of heroic function from the functions of mythological-king-hero character and its appearance in a particular character named hero, with his own actions and feelings that are increasingly similar to a common human behaviors and emotions on one hand, and Ferdowsi’s (the poet’s) tendency to investigate and interpret the hero’s internal motivations facing epical events, on the other hand, have made the characterization aspect of the work deeper and more elaborate, and also promoted the structure of the story from a mere heroic narration to a dramatic structure with its embodiment potential, that latter effect is more prominent in some of the heroic stories. The study of dramatic aspects of these stories, in addition to understanding the dramatic potentials, helps their typology be more methodological and exact. This article, selecting one of the most well known heroic stories of Shahnameh, i.e. Rustam and Sohrab story, and through an introductory emphasis on the originality of its Iranian version, compared with the non-Iranian ones, attempts to investigate its dramatic aspects based upon Aristotle’s Poetica, as the most ancient and, at the same time, credible thesis on recognizing drama and its mechanism in the context of the classic verse and prose works; and presents its own results. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - A Sociological Criticism and Analysis of the Story of "the Iranians Feast" With the Focus on the Series of Short stories entitled"A City Resembling the Paradise"
حسين نوين

In a sociological approach to literary studies, apart from their aesthetic and poetic functions, works of literature reveal the social- cultural trends of their own time. Author's world view, affected by their class- consciousness, to a great extent, forms their works. More

In a sociological approach to literary studies, apart from their aesthetic and poetic functions, works of literature reveal the social- cultural trends of their own time. Author's world view, affected by their class- consciousness, to a great extent, forms their works. In A City Resembling the Paradise, Simin Daneshvar describes the solemn and glum portrait of the women and the underclass of the Iranian society in a special period of its history. She views the deep- rooted ossification and superstition the causes of decadence which intensifies by the interferences of the western colonialists, especially the America. Turning to Iran's ancient civilization, the noble religious beliefs, and relying on the national potentials are the effective and decisive ways to decolonization and to remove sexual and social discrimination to which Daneshvar pays much attention in "A City Resembling the Paradise", especially in "the Iranians Feast" short story. The author employs a symbolic tone and style that best suits to the way of conveying the main ideas of the story. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Means and Forms of Ambiguity in Bijan Najdi's Stories
Alireza Siddiqui

Bijan Najdi is a writer who tends to make his stories ambiguous. His stories, specially "Passing Again through the Same Street", are full of ambiguity. One way to create the ambiguity here is the lack of a natural link between the signifier and the signified. The presen More

Bijan Najdi is a writer who tends to make his stories ambiguous. His stories, specially "Passing Again through the Same Street", are full of ambiguity. One way to create the ambiguity here is the lack of a natural link between the signifier and the signified. The present article surveys the means and forms of ambiguity in Bijan Najdi's works. For the purpose of clarity, it focuses on the interaction between the narrator and the readers (sender and receiver), an interaction beginning with the title of a story, ending with its closing lines. Among the other ways we can refer to the following: Asymmetrical shift in the point of view; external focalization; the shift of addressees; unclear relation between the narrative elements; the opening and closing lines of the narrative; using the elements of magical realism, symbolism, and stream of consciousness, and therefore mixing of times; using the elements of poetic expression in fictional prose. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The Analysis of Fictional Elements in Tale of Joseph in the Holy Quran
ابراهيم سلامي

In the Holy Quran the story life of several prophets is elaborated through a story. One of these stories speaks of Joseph's life. Joseph’s Sura has a hundred and eleven verses. The first three verses and also the last ten verses are non-fictional, while the other verses More

In the Holy Quran the story life of several prophets is elaborated through a story. One of these stories speaks of Joseph's life. Joseph’s Sura has a hundred and eleven verses. The first three verses and also the last ten verses are non-fictional, while the other verses cover the entire story without any the non-fictional verses interrupting. Quran's purpose is not to tell a story, but this Sura possesses many of the common and known aspects of the fictional elements recognized in fiction. This article intends to study and survey the plenitude of the fictional elements in this story. The present article is both descriptive and analytic; through which it discusses and analyzes the fictional elements such as point of view, plot, structure, the idea (including theme and subject), conflict, character, characterization, dialogue, time and place setting as well as the atmosphere in a story. The story of Joseph is the only story in the Holy Quran which is atually told from the beginning to the end in one Sura. In this Sura, through utilizing the modern techniques of fiction, the religious culture, education, teaching, guidance and men's learning lessons are all introduced, in addition to indicating the lofty purposes of the Holy Quran in the form of a story. In this story the elements of fiction are structured in a way that the reader feels as if he himself is present in the story just like one of the characters. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Prolepsis in Sa'di's Tales the Stories of the West
مسعود نوروزیان شادمان شکروی افسانه صحتي

Insofar as it is related to techniques of story writing such as diction, omission, etc. short stories in the west have evolved to a great extent. These elements, that is, literary devices, can also be seen in the Persian classical works of literature. Terms such as Poin More

Insofar as it is related to techniques of story writing such as diction, omission, etc. short stories in the west have evolved to a great extent. These elements, that is, literary devices, can also be seen in the Persian classical works of literature. Terms such as Point of departure, and prolepsis, found in the works of great writers such as chekov, Allen Poe, Pomasant can also be found in Sa'di's "Golestan". Point of departure in stories will lead to the emergence of perception, and neurological curves in the shortest period possible. The present paper is aimed at comparing Golestan with the stories of the west in this regard. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Analyzing Story Elements of Shams Tabrizi's Maghalat
Ahmad razi مهديه فيض

One of the ways to learn about the works of art in the past, is to investigate the stories used in them. Preaching – the mystic book of Maghalat by Shams Tabrizi is among the works in which ethical and mystic advices are explained in the form of stories. This paper is t More

One of the ways to learn about the works of art in the past, is to investigate the stories used in them. Preaching – the mystic book of Maghalat by Shams Tabrizi is among the works in which ethical and mystic advices are explained in the form of stories. This paper is the result of a crash study conducted through analytic-descriptive method, the rules used in Shams Tabrizi's work which he used intentionally or unintentionally and also it indicates to what extend it has been saved in the contemporary literature. That is why we have put the stories of Revayat, Zavieye Did, Goft-o-Goo, Shakhsiat, Lahn, Daronmayeh and Sahneh in studying SAhams Tabrizi's Story on sharp focus. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Analyzing the Iranian, Islamic and Creek reflection components in Souhravardi’s interpretation upon the Rustam and Esfandiar Story
حسن شاهی‌پور

Although, interpretation of the anecdotes has thousands – year history in the west and it is now considerable in the west literature, it has not been paid so much attention in Iran classic literature due to some reasons including their being profane. Along with the scat More

Although, interpretation of the anecdotes has thousands – year history in the west and it is now considerable in the west literature, it has not been paid so much attention in Iran classic literature due to some reasons including their being profane. Along with the scattered and little interpretation by Sanaie, the poet of the 5th century, Sheikh Eshragh, the mystic and philosopher of the 6th century is the last person interpreted and reflected upon the Iran ancient myths. He wants to make a concrete link between three separate dimensions of Islamic culture, Iranian ancient wisdom and Creek philosophy. For he, as a believer Muslim, is familiar with Islamic culture and its components including mysticism in one hand and he is the heritance to the pre-Islamic period as Iranian generated one on the other hand and so can not ignore the Creek philosophy as the result of human valuable reason and wisdom. Souhravardi, with his especial perceptivity, has found that the three mentioned apparently opposing cultures essence is the same and in case of their unification and harmony, Men can have a great experience in Human development and leadership. This article tries to show this great genius attempts for linking the Human thinking follows reflected in his interpretation from the Rustam and Esfandiar Story, revealing and the reasons for such interpretation while showing the elements of the cultures said above. It is clear that during Souhravardi day, this story and Shahname stories were famous in such a way that,deconstructing them was not an easy task except for some specified reasons but, Sheikh Eshragh could do so by his special thought background and broke the structure of this story aimed at finding his views within the layers of it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - CRITIQUE AND STUDY OF POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONTENT OF TALE COLLECTION OF "SHAHRI CHUN BEHESHT" (A CITY SAME AS HAVEN)
ليلا يوسفي قدرت‌ الله طاهري

A tail collection called "shahri chun behesht" (A city same as haven) by Simin Daneshvar, is the product of political, social and cultural conditions of the years of fear and violence of the post-coup-d'etat of 28 Mordad 1332. the period in which aspirations of a nation More

A tail collection called "shahri chun behesht" (A city same as haven) by Simin Daneshvar, is the product of political, social and cultural conditions of the years of fear and violence of the post-coup-d'etat of 28 Mordad 1332. the period in which aspirations of a nation who demanded independence and liberty, by conspiracy of alien counteries agents and some mistakes of religio-political leaders dissipated and feelings of hopelessness and defeat and failure spreaded in cultural society of Iran. In this collection, Daneshvar with her accuracy and intelligence has tried to show a part of bitter socio-political truths of those dark years of Iran's people. Short stories of Daneshvar, despite their importance in contemporary narrative literature, have been ignored in the shade of her more prominent novels such as Sovushon, Jazireh Sargardani and Sarban–e-Sargardan. This article is trying to reflect the light on one of the short stories collection of a such. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - THE DIALOGUE AMONG CULTURES AND ANALYSIS OF ITS FACTORS IN MATHNAVI
قدرت‌الله طاهري

The modern story literature of Iran has a rised and down condition from the beginning. The structure and form of this genre has been affected by poletical and social movements. The coup d'etate 1953 in Iran was the end point of Iranian struggle for independence that hap More

The modern story literature of Iran has a rised and down condition from the beginning. The structure and form of this genre has been affected by poletical and social movements. The coup d'etate 1953 in Iran was the end point of Iranian struggle for independence that happened by external and internal intrigues. This great political event, not only effected on economy and political condition but also influenced on art and culture, so that literature movements of this era (60s, 70s) have been surpassed. Literature of this period, in spide of many works in early years after coup d'etat, no seriouse works have been presented. But some valuable stories and novels composed and presented during these critical years. In this article we tried to show the main tendencies and happenings of story writing after coup de'tate until 1964 and classify and analyse them. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Reviwing Time in "A crypt for otter" by Hooshanf Golshiri from Content Criticism
معصومه حامی‌دوست محمدعلی خزانه‌دارلو

Time is a special and abstract quality of human life that is understood through a concrete and objective thing. Due to this, although we live in Time, we are surprised when we want to talk what Time is and consider it as different from other realities. “George Paulet” ( More

Time is a special and abstract quality of human life that is understood through a concrete and objective thing. Due to this, although we live in Time, we are surprised when we want to talk what Time is and consider it as different from other realities. “George Paulet” (1902-1999), a critic following content criticism, reviews the quality of understanding of authors of different Times (periods) and attempted to have a better angle of “world of awareness” of author and a more exact reading of text by analyzing the apprehension of story characters. “Hooshang Golshiri” is one of Iran modern story writers who -using stream of consciousness method- designs his contemporary human identity and his/her apprehension. His story characters are all somehow involved with Time. Using analytic-descriptive method and based on Paulet attitude, the current article reviews Golshiri idea about Time in his story of “A crypt for otter”. This review shows that Golshiri reflects a special kind of Time in story writing that is different from usual and routine Time. Imagination, love, expectation and hope to reform things and persons are some outstanding features of such a Time. However, a pure moment which Golshiri and his heroes seek never occurs in moment of living and this time cannot save them too. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Aesthetic Analysis of Some Story Elements in Three of Reza Amirkhani’s Novels (Ermia, Man-e- Ou, Bivatan)
گلرخ‌سادات غنی مینا احمدی manouchehr akbari

Reza Amirkhani is a writer with a unique style which discriminates his stories from other contemporary writers. Strange orthography, language games and proper use of various meanings and forms of the words in are some of the features of this writer’s unique style which More

Reza Amirkhani is a writer with a unique style which discriminates his stories from other contemporary writers. Strange orthography, language games and proper use of various meanings and forms of the words in are some of the features of this writer’s unique style which have been studied in this article. The story elements have been analyzed in three of his novels, namely, Ermia, Man-e-Ou, and Bivatan. The results show that the appropriate use of story elements, lively and skillful description of places, characters and their feelings in a way that the reader can fully visualize the scenes of the story and imagine himself as part them, are some of the properties of Amirkhani’s writing style. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Functions of Description in Some Contemporary Persian Short Stories
مینا اعلایی محمد جواد شکریان

In literary works, narratives and descriptions have always been interconnected in an indistinguishable way. In accordance with narratological studies during last decades, several theories have presented models of various functions of description in different literary wo More

In literary works, narratives and descriptions have always been interconnected in an indistinguishable way. In accordance with narratological studies during last decades, several theories have presented models of various functions of description in different literary works and ascribed a specific form of description to each of the literary genres. Among these genres, the importance of description in realism and naturalism, and its role in developing the events and characters, is irrefutable. This research, aims at applying the theories an literary description to several realist, and naturalist contemporary Persian stories. After studying the history and importance of description in novels, this research tries to explain its role in defining spatio-temporal framework, and the educational and generally aesthetic goals of several Persian short stories. In this regard, stories from Jamalzadeh, Hedayat, Alavi, Al-e-Ahmad, and Choubak have been selected, and different functions of description in these stories have been investigated. The results of the Research show that in the above mentioned authors’ works, description has not been a neutral element, and it doesn’t put a stop to the narrative process, but it helps the development of the story through different ways of camouflaging it. In addition to expressing the behavior and actions of characters, in the stories studied, description occasionally results in the preparation of spatio- temporal framework of the story, and sometimes it turns into a collection of encyclopedic insights and finds an educational function. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - The Classical Approach of “Yaghma Magazine to the Fiction”
صفیه جمالی Habibollah Abbasi Moradali Vaezi Vaezi

A general belief about the modern story in Persian fiction is that this genre, unlike modern poetry, has never been subjected to the critique of traditionalists in its evolutionary process. The present article claims that the story has gone through similar difficulties More

A general belief about the modern story in Persian fiction is that this genre, unlike modern poetry, has never been subjected to the critique of traditionalists in its evolutionary process. The present article claims that the story has gone through similar difficulties as modern poetry. To determine the classical approach to fiction, this research has chosen Yaghma Magazine which has indisputable classical approach. Categories such as old and new genres fiction, the commentaries on storytelling and authors published in Yaghma Magazine are analyzed. The results of this research show that Yaghma considers the contemporary fiction as the sequence of its classic forms of storytelling in Persian literature. Therefore, the observance of the rules and principles of modern narrative is not required and furthermore, following the classical rhetorics is counted as an advantage. Since the mission of the story is education and entertainment, in many cases in this magazine, pseudo stories take the place of the fiction and even an ancient genre, such as the fable, occupies much of the fictional literature of this magazine. Yaghma’s stories, apart from the works of translation, is divided into two categories: Historical stories based on classical works, whose structure is inspired by classical literature and stories that have been formed by the influence of Western literature, still trying to draw closer to their Iranian identity. Another point is that Yaghma has not published a story from any of the famous and well-known persian writers other than Jamalzadeh. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Point of View in Three stories in “Bizhan Najdi”
Shiva poornaddaf Haghi - - - - Abbas Khaefi

The point of view is like a window through which the author wants the reader to look at the story. In short stories because of the size of the book, the point of view is very important. “Najdi” who is a modern and outstanding story writer, has a special position in cont More

The point of view is like a window through which the author wants the reader to look at the story. In short stories because of the size of the book, the point of view is very important. “Najdi” who is a modern and outstanding story writer, has a special position in contemporary short story. He pays attention to the form and structure of the story more than the content. He make use of “point of view” skillfully in a way that by altering the point of view , he creates a new meaning and form in the story. In this paper, after introducing “point of view” and its different types, the point of view in three stories “A Pool Full of Nightmare”, “The Day of Horseshed”, and “Again from the Same Street” are studied. In the "A Pool Full of Nightmare", the point of view is the third person with a change from traditional to a modern one. In "The Day of Horseshed”,by shifting between first and second person point of view, two different worlds are represented in the same general world. In the "Again from the Same Streets", the story is begun with the third person point of view, but turns into the first person and due to the objection of the main character of the story to the writer, the theory of the “death of the author and uncertainty” is presented. Generally the point of view in the three stories has undergone changes that cause de-familiarization which is related to the formalist view where the content is less importance Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - The Study of "Tone" and Its Function in Attar’s Elahi-nameh
ali mohammad moazzeni

Elahi-nameh is one of Attar Neishabouri’s mystical and ethical poems with two major and minor narrative plots, which has been written to inspire readers with important mystical and ethical issues. A careful review of this book shows that the obvious weakness in narrativ More

Elahi-nameh is one of Attar Neishabouri’s mystical and ethical poems with two major and minor narrative plots, which has been written to inspire readers with important mystical and ethical issues. A careful review of this book shows that the obvious weakness in narrative elements such as suspension and setting has made the "tone" of the stories the most important factor in influencing the reader. In Elahi-nameh, The key element in promoting the plot of major and minor narratives in is the dialogue, and the tone of the book has been repeated in a regular manner with the least variation, in a way that it fits the characters taking part in the dialogues. The main contrast between the characters in the major narrative is the opposition of the father and the son, which is manifested in the themes and the tones of the dialogues. The dominant tone of the father is preaching and the dominant tone of the son is persisting. The contradictory preaching/ ignorant tones are repeated in short stories, amongst the characters "the wise and the fool", "the lord and the peasant", "the king and the slave", "the mystic and the ignorant" and so on. The preaching tone is the resultant of wondering, blaming, fanatical and pseudo-philosophical tones. For this reason, elements such as the question, condition, adjective, and exclamation are used repeatedly in the dialogues, which are the main elements of the creation of the above-mentioned tones. Another important tone in Elahi-nameh is the ironic tone that is found only in short anecdotes. Elements such as prayer, sarcasm, paradox, condition, and questions have been used to create this tone. The positive character of most of the comical anecdotes is the fool which is in contrasts with God and the wise. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Story of Siavash in Shahnameh Based on Julia Kristeva’s Theory of Abjection
fatemeh babashahi

The story of Siavash is one of the most tragic stories of Shahnameh which has a great potential to be studied in different ways. Furthermore, it contains some of the principal messages regarding national epic and Iranian myths, like the battle between good and evil, Ira More

The story of Siavash is one of the most tragic stories of Shahnameh which has a great potential to be studied in different ways. Furthermore, it contains some of the principal messages regarding national epic and Iranian myths, like the battle between good and evil, Iran and Aniran, fighting the dirt and filth in human soul, and etc. One of the theories that has a psychological approach to the analysis of literary works, and seems appropriate for analyzing this story is the theory of Abjection introduced by Julia Kristeva, a post-structuralist critique, based on this theory, the poet or writer projects the filth and dirt in human souls through the text. The story of Sudabeh’s sinful love, Siavash passing through fire to prove his innocence, and his tragic death in Touran are some of the obvious aspects of the story that makes the theory of abjection appropriate for the analysis of this story. Therefore, in this article, the story is analyzed focusing on the such elements of the story like Sudabeh’s love, and other events that led to his tragic death. The article tries to answer these questions: how much is the application of this theory efficient in this story? Is it possible to achieve a new analysis by applying this theory? The results are as follows: Using Kristeva’s theory of Abjection in the analysis of this story can provide us with an explanation, and a novel reading of the story from this point of view. It also provides the readers with a new judgment about Ferdowsi, the poet of the story. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Description in The Story of Rostem and Sohrab
Ghodsiyeh Rezvaniyan Ahmad

Description is a part of most literary texts. Considering its great importance, description has not been given the attention it deserves especially, in Persian literature. In this article in addition to reviewing the previous definitions and theories, by using a method More

Description is a part of most literary texts. Considering its great importance, description has not been given the attention it deserves especially, in Persian literature. In this article in addition to reviewing the previous definitions and theories, by using a method close to that of structuralists, a new classification of types of description is presented which is achieved through the analysis of description in the story of Rostam and Sohrab. According to this method, description is considered a dynamic linguistic proposition (not a static one) which represents features and consists of three basic elements: subject (the descripted), describing words, and the feature. This research intends to prove that description has a crucial role in any literary text since it is the foundation of narrative and poetry. Thus, the form and content of various types of description are analyzed in the story of Rostam and Sohrab as a descriptive narrative text. It is also tried to achieve a theory of description in Persian literature based on the results. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Analyzing the function of “Fictional Allegory” in the Plot of Short Stories
Leila Rezaei عباس جاهدجاه

Allegory is one of the rhetorical devices that has attracted a great deal of attention from critics for its semantic functions. Among different types of allegory, fictional allegory which has a narrative structure has had a wide application in classical and contemporary More

Allegory is one of the rhetorical devices that has attracted a great deal of attention from critics for its semantic functions. Among different types of allegory, fictional allegory which has a narrative structure has had a wide application in classical and contemporary Persian literature. Like poetry, contemporary story has benefited from semantic functions of allegory in many cases. Studying the fictional allegories used in modern short stories, illustrates that some authors have used this device not just for its semantic function, but also it in the structural part of the story. Aiming at studying this function, in this research three Persian short stories (“Mehdi”, “Amphibians”, “Fiction and Grief”) are analyzed based on the ideas of Brian Richardson about the structural effect of rhetorical devices in modern stories to show that in addition to its semantic function, fictional allegory has a role in the plot structure of modern short stories . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Studying the Trends in Fictions Written By Iranian Immigrants
Reza Shajari

In recent decades, Iranian immigration and in particular the migration of the writers and the publication of their works have created a special phenomenon. Literary texts created by those writers and poets who are living abroad have established certain tendencies, trend More

In recent decades, Iranian immigration and in particular the migration of the writers and the publication of their works have created a special phenomenon. Literary texts created by those writers and poets who are living abroad have established certain tendencies, trends and particular literary approaches outside the borders of the country. The collective body of literary works created abroad, have been named differently by different critic based on the characteristics and features that they have outlined. The authors’ issues, how they have left the country, how long they have been living abroad, and the content of their works are of great importance in defining and classifying these literary works. Furthermore, different trends can be identified in stories written abroad. In the present article, stories written by Iranian immigrants are analyzed as politics-oriented, identity-oriented, and women's stories. In the '60s up-to-the mid-'70s the politics-oriented stories are the most frequent ones. This trend is emerged by political groups and activists, and focuses on the revolution and the issues surrounding it. From the mid-70s onwards, the identity-oriented trend became the major one. In this trend, themes such as the differences between the motherland and the other-land, and the ways the immigrants encounter the new world are highlighted through the narratives about identity. Also, there were many immigrant female writers who narrated the lives and issues of female immigrants from a feminine perspective. In these stories, the ways in which women face the new world and the issues they encountered in Iran are amongst the main themes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Analysis of Women's Storytelling after the Islamic Revolution Based on the Cognitive Current
sepideh seyyed faraji Farhad Tahmasbi Ruqayyah Sadraie

After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, women's storytelling has developed. Both the number of female writers has increased and the themes of the stories have become more diverse. The political and social atmosphere after the revolution has also provided the ground More

After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, women's storytelling has developed. Both the number of female writers has increased and the themes of the stories have become more diverse. The political and social atmosphere after the revolution has also provided the ground for the expansion and diversity of women's storytelling. In most of what women have written, the focus of the story and characters is on the issue of women. Some women in their stories search for their feminine selves and reflect this identification from the perspective of female narratives; This section of women's works deals with female narratives that describe the female world (in terms of identity, emotion, gender, etc.). Some of the works of women reflect the political and social issues of the time. In these stories, the role of women in politics and society is generally shown, most of these stories refer to the role of women in the revolution and the war. Some female writers also write popular narratives of life and society for audiences that are generally female. A number of other women narrate the contrast between tradition and modernity, sometimes arguing for tradition and sometimes protesting against prevailing traditions and beliefs. This study has been done to identify and introduce the currents of women's storytelling in the post-revolutionary years. Therefore, based on a cognitive current model, this reserch categorizes and introduces several currents of women's storytelling. To separate and recognize the currents, three factors have been considered: first, the political and social context of the emergence of the current is introduced, then the focal points of the current are shown, and finally, the initiators and continuators of the current are discussed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Survey of stylistic and rhetorical features of the folk tale "Madhumalat" based on an unknown version
tahere mousavi Ziba Ghalavandi

An Important part of oral literature is devoted to folk tales. The only copy of "The Story of Madhumalat" under number 803 is kept in the manuscript collection of India Office, London. According to the in-text evidence and stylistics of the version, this story was writt More

An Important part of oral literature is devoted to folk tales. The only copy of "The Story of Madhumalat" under number 803 is kept in the manuscript collection of India Office, London. According to the in-text evidence and stylistics of the version, this story was written in the Safavieh era and in the Gurkanian court.This charming story - which is a beautiful example of sub-continental Persian prose - narrates the fate of Manohar, the prince of Kankar city, who falls in love with Madhumalat, the prince of Mahars city. He through the mediation of fairies, and also, alot of hardships, finally marry Madhumalat. Although Madhumalt's story is a folk romance, its prose is full of rhetorical subtleties.The present research, using the descriptive-analytical method, has surveyed this manuscript to explain and analyze its stylistic, literary and rhetorical features.The musical prose of the story along with the use of delicate literary techniques have added to the linguistic charms of this work. The intellectual and cultural atmosphere of the land of India as well as the indigenous and climatic elements of this land are clearly reflected in this story.Through this research, and during the introduction of this unique manuscript, the key role of the Persian language and literature in the Indian subcontinent during the Timurid and Safavid periods becomes more apparent. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Peace-sodality Iranians in the story of Fereydoun (One of Ferdowsi's Intellectual Features of his Epic)
mohammad reza Keyvanfar Parvaneh A’del Zadeh kamran pashaei fahkri

This article seeks to examine how the Iranian heroes think about peace in Fereydoun story. In this story, several peaceful methods are discussed. The wide distribution of wealth among the needy by Faraanak, the division of the world into three parts and pluralism in the More

This article seeks to examine how the Iranian heroes think about peace in Fereydoun story. In this story, several peaceful methods are discussed. The wide distribution of wealth among the needy by Faraanak, the division of the world into three parts and pluralism in the method of governance, and the avoidance of individuality in the division of the world, which is the work of Fereydoun, Emphasis on dialogue in resolving conflicts among heroes and relying on finding a solution to peace and absolute rejection of violence, avoiding the use of military force to resolve disputes, not belonging to the world and avoiding stubbornness and struggle to stay in the power that is the characteristic of Iraj in front of his brothers, paying special attention to justice, and avoiding oppression and tyranny in Fereydoun's actions and speech. What Fereydoun has benefited from, as well as the actions of the words and thoughts of the Iranian heroes in Fereydoun's story, are in line with today's peaceful views. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Genealogical analysis of alienation Case study: The story of the cow by Gholam Hossein Saedi
Roghayyeh Hashemi Gholamreza Pirouz mehdi khabbazikenari Hosein Hasanpour

The phenomenon of alienation according to the contrast between tradition and modernity, especially in Pahlavi era should have a meaningful relationship with the quasi-modernity flow and other intellectual and political flows. As the coup occurred in 28 Mordad 1332 was More

The phenomenon of alienation according to the contrast between tradition and modernity, especially in Pahlavi era should have a meaningful relationship with the quasi-modernity flow and other intellectual and political flows. As the coup occurred in 28 Mordad 1332 was the most important and effective political flow that caused despair and failure and alienation in the middle and intellectual strata of society. So, it seems necessary to address the works of Gholam Hossein Saedi as an intellectual who represents the levels and aspects of this phenomenon. Because his literature is the product of a space that belongs to the field of quasi-modernity in Iran. This article tries to analyze and explain the story of "Cow" by Saedi (Bill Mourners Collection) which is in the form of a metaphorical and symbolic story, on the basis of alienation concept, and show the adventure of being alienation of Iranian human while facing reality, and also the role of inverted ideology in creation of this phenomenon. The research in question, after explaining the phenomenon of alienation based on genealogy of this concept shows its historical evolution in the views of Hegel and Feuerbach and Marx and Forum, examines the story of "Cow" according to metaphors such as "power and ideology", "identity", "another one". During the analysis of the story, we came to the conclusion that there is a hidden philosophical-psychological-sociological theory in the construction of the work that is visible in the structure, space and character of the story. Creating problematic characters like Mashdi Hassan, represents the author search to show a symbolic world tied to theory. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Themes of Love and Determinism in the Naturalistic Stories by Sadegh Chubak
Nasrin Hallajan Parvin Dokht Mashhur Mehdi Norouz Mahboubeh Zia Khodadadian

Love and determinism ‎are the most prominent themes of Persian literature. Determinism ‎is opposite to the highly frequent term Free will. Love in its spiritual aspect is reminiscent of the mysticism of the Divine Atonement, both physically and according to its instinct More

Love and determinism ‎are the most prominent themes of Persian literature. Determinism ‎is opposite to the highly frequent term Free will. Love in its spiritual aspect is reminiscent of the mysticism of the Divine Atonement, both physically and according to its instinctual origin, and is known as earthly love. The current paper aims at examining, describing, and analyzing Sadegh Chubak Naturalist fictional works to study his view of Earthly and Physical Love and Human Fate. The animal nature of human in these stories as an overbearing, lustful creature is portrayed in a naturalistic view, and love is presented as a legitimate experience in the form of physical and gendered desire and determinism, that is, human beings - has to comply with biological requirements, and fails to exercise the will of man to submit since destiny is inevitable. In his stories, Chubak relies on the influence of modernism on fate, ambiguity and inheritance on characters Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Gaz arrow and wine in the story of the battle of Rostam and Isfandiar
asghar shahbazi

In the story of the battle of Rostam and Isfandiar, to combinations of “Gaz arrow” and “wine” have raised questions and answers from many researchers. They have been focusing on this story and its elements from a number of viewpoints and presented various analyses. Revi More

In the story of the battle of Rostam and Isfandiar, to combinations of “Gaz arrow” and “wine” have raised questions and answers from many researchers. They have been focusing on this story and its elements from a number of viewpoints and presented various analyses. Reviewing these viewpoints, this paper tried to, firstly emphasis that structuralism interpretation of the elements of this story on the base of religious confrontation or tradition and modernity is an acceptable interpretation. Secondly, for this story and its elements a symbolic analysis can be represented and then these combinations can imply different symbolic meanings. Thirdly, the real interpretation of these elements is possible considering the documents of two books “Ajayebolmakhlooghat” [The wonders of creatures] and “Zaratooshtnameh” [book of Zaratoosht]. In that case, “Gaz arrow” and “wine” both are used in their real names having oldness and holiness used in the arrow which killed Isfandiar. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Intertextual elements and the flood of mind in the works of Mahmoud Akbarzadeh and Mohammad Reza Shams
maryam ghaffari jahed

The current trend of modernism in Iran is a new phenomenon that has attracted the attention of some writers and has produced works that have been successful in some cases with the pattern of western literature. Given that modernism still has its place in the fictional More

The current trend of modernism in Iran is a new phenomenon that has attracted the attention of some writers and has produced works that have been successful in some cases with the pattern of western literature. Given that modernism still has its place in the fictional literature of Iran as it should be, its entry into the child's literature can hardly be accepted. On the one hand, the authors' lack of attention to the childhood and adolescent age and the tendency to ambiguity make it impossible to understand the concept of the text for this group. In this study, with the aim of understanding the modernist features of child literature in recent decades and aspects of the authors' innovation, Mahmoud Akbarzadeh and Mohammadreza Shams have been focusing on the use of modern elements with an emphasis on the intertextuality and fluidity of the mind, and we conclude that Mahmoud Akbarzadeh in the field of modern scriptwriting , Has innovations, and most of the intertextual elements in his work are Faradastan and folklore, and in some cases, the fluid flow of mind is used to narrate the story. Mohammad Reza Shams' intertextual elements also include folk beliefs, folklore and myths, and have abundantly flowed from the fluid flow of mind. Therefore, his works are more complex than those of Mahmoud Akbarzadeh. : Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Analysis of structural features and linguistic techniques "Khosrow's Story" by Abdolhossein Vojdani
hamzeh mohammadi dahcheshmeh farzad mohammadi

Abdolhossein Vojdani,one of Iran's most prominent writers,views his contemporary political,cultural and social developments in his stories.In his works,it is easy to see the many manifestations of culture,identity, morality,peoples,religion,which is in line with the na More

Abdolhossein Vojdani,one of Iran's most prominent writers,views his contemporary political,cultural and social developments in his stories.In his works,it is easy to see the many manifestations of culture,identity, morality,peoples,religion,which is in line with the nature of the people of Iran.The story of"Khosrow The third story from the collection of the story of"Amugholam"is the only collection of the story of Vojdani.This story is narrated from the first person,but the character of the narrator is colored against the main character of the story,Khosrow.The narrator,who had also been in class at the elementary level with Khosrow,once sees him on the street;"The opium drink had made that fearless milk a terrible skeleton" Then he recounts his youthful memories And in the story of the story,it brings in the theme of this work,which is one of the socio-cultural problems of our time and the harmful and harmful effects of addiction And at the end,he recommends that the bad guy should be avoided.Since the story reflects important social issues in each period and time, this research has been analyzed and criticized by descriptive and content analysis methodology,"Khosrow's Story"by Abdolhossein Vojdani And by examining the social structure of this work, its linguistic features and delicacies,as well as the author's particular writings for his purpose.The results of the research show that Vojdani,using literary capacities and linguistic techniques such as simile, poetry, satire, slang expressions, has been able to accompany the reader of the story with him and the final message (the effect of a bad companion). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - A man in a cage summarizes naturalism
Neda nabizadeh ardebili

As a literary school, in the middle of the nineteenth century, naturalism opened up a new hinge to the artist in France, where the hero of the story was no longer a romantic man, not even a realist man, but a more humane, more subtle human being than that It can even b More

As a literary school, in the middle of the nineteenth century, naturalism opened up a new hinge to the artist in France, where the hero of the story was no longer a romantic man, not even a realist man, but a more humane, more subtle human being than that It can even be in the outside world; that is, an animal in the form of a human being that manifests itself in particular in difficult circumstances. This school has come to be found all over the world, among which Sadegh Chubak is one of the emblems who have been kidnapped by others in drawing up a jade-filled atmosphere from Jabrust. In this article, which analyzes the style of Chubak, we sought to discover the naturalistic elements in Chubak's story. The result of the study shows that almost all the principles of this school in the works of Chubak can be seen as determinism, Yas and Vanamidi, followed by absurdism, the use of colloquial language, anti-morality, religious unreliability, the cost of living animals And in contrast to the degradation of a human-animal-level human being, he is one of the characteristics that he finds in most of his stories. But in the meantime, the story of "Man in a Cage," he extracts all the features of the school of naturalism, which we have examined in this article Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - A Comparative Study of Colors’ Function in stories of “Vis and Ramin” and “Tristan and Iseult”
alimohammad rezaeihaftador

Abstract After that a number of psychologists paid attention to outstanding presence of colors in human’s life for the first time in recent years, purposeful use of this element increased in literature. However, due to effective presence of color in daily life of huma More

Abstract After that a number of psychologists paid attention to outstanding presence of colors in human’s life for the first time in recent years, purposeful use of this element increased in literature. However, due to effective presence of color in daily life of human, we witness it in literary classic texts. In present research, function of colors in “Vis and Ramin” epopee by Gorgani and the story of “Tristan and Iseult” by Joseph Bedier have been compared via a comparative approach and an analytic-descriptive method. The most frequent colors in a poetry by Fakhraddin is yellow and black and in a work by Bedier has been black and red. The common function observed in all colors is the descriptive aspect. As well, explanation of biological and psychological conditions of characters, inducing internal emotions and giving objectivity to abstract concepts have taken occurred by colors. Despite of common functions of colors in the two works, there are different points. In an epopee by Fakhraddin As’ad, red color shows liveliness and happiness and modesty. Moreover, in this epopee, the internal negative emotions and setting ethical concepts have taken place by using yellow color. In Tristan and Iseult, describing the concept of will and in “Vis and Ramin” indicating the gayness and vitality of characters have been known as the functions of green color Totally, the colors used in these two stories are non-symbolic, explicit and direct and this represents the realist of authors Manuscript profile

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35 - The conceptual metaphor and socio-political discourse of Samad Behrangi (A case study of the " Beetroot boy " story)
DR abolfazl ghanizadeh

Metaphor is the mapping between the corresponding realms (origin and destination) in the conceptual system. Metaphor using primary, secondary and final validation as well as persuasive power, by enhancing knowledge confidence in metaphorical cognitive system, using sou More

Metaphor is the mapping between the corresponding realms (origin and destination) in the conceptual system. Metaphor using primary, secondary and final validation as well as persuasive power, by enhancing knowledge confidence in metaphorical cognitive system, using source domain and employing effective communication channel, as well as adhering to textural indices and applying rhetorical auxiliary strategies to development and enhancement. The semantic coefficient (conceptualization and discourse) of the text helps. The present study examines the persuasive role of Samad Behrangi as a metaphor in the creation of socio-political discourse in "The Little Boy's Story". After presenting a brief introduction to the research concepts and explaining the persuasive role of metaphor in producing socio-political discourse The story concludes that the source (intuitive) source of Samad Behrangi's metaphors in "The Little Boy's Tale" is the cruelty of the target and the scope of the social inequality and the overwhelming class distances stemming from the social-democratic political system. By producing these mappings in public opinion, the author contributes to the development of social justice by changing the ruling system of society. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Containing Philosophical Concepts in Children Stories (A Case Study of Nakuja Abad Stories for Children)
Zahra Satar Panahi Zaynab Barkhordari

Story writing enjoys a particular place among the various kinds of literature and owing its role in the growth and training of the basis of thought is of great importance. Shaykh al-Ishraq as a great Iranian and Muslim philosopher and the founder of Illuminationist scho More

Story writing enjoys a particular place among the various kinds of literature and owing its role in the growth and training of the basis of thought is of great importance. Shaykh al-Ishraq as a great Iranian and Muslim philosopher and the founder of Illuminationist school of philosophy used story literature for expressing his philosophical and mystical views. Simplifying philosophical concepts and expressing them in children language is among the characteristics of this philosopher that one should take into account in reading his books. To have philosophical, motivational, and debatable content along with challenging nature and referring to certain characters like children and their ways of live are among the various traits of suitable story for “philosophy for children”. In 2018- 2019, Saless publications commissioned by UNESCO, published six volumes story books inspired by Suhrawardi thought entitled Nakuja Abad. In a case study these books worked out philosophical concepts in the forms of stories. The nature of philosophical concepts in these stories and the capabilities of intellectual stories altogether indicate that these stories are eligible for using them in philosophical discussions. Manuscript profile

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37 - Literary sociological critique of the two short stories "Zan sisheii " and " Mesle hameye asrha "
yousef safian boldaji

Abstract: Sociological critique is formed by theorists such as Lukachc and Goldman, and every literary writing rises from the depths of society. The present article deals with the sociological critique of two short stories, "Zan sisheii" by Razieh Tojar and "Mesle hame More

Abstract: Sociological critique is formed by theorists such as Lukachc and Goldman, and every literary writing rises from the depths of society. The present article deals with the sociological critique of two short stories, "Zan sisheii" by Razieh Tojar and "Mesle hameye asrha" by Zoya Pirzad. While social analysis of stories, it recovers the forgetfulness of women in the storytelling community, and deals with self-seeking and self-discovery, as well as the concerns of women in the story community, and determines that the concerns of women storytellers today are loneliness, silence, despair and social attachments. However, women's social life is on a good evolutionary path. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - Effective moral education characteristics in children's digital storytelling
Fatemeh Etemadi fahimeh babalhavaeji seyd ali Hosseini almadani

When technology connects with human creativity, its frontier extends even to the imaginary world. Prominent examples of modern storytelling are the use of technologies such as digital storytelling, audio, internet, television and telephone, which have been formed alongs More

When technology connects with human creativity, its frontier extends even to the imaginary world. Prominent examples of modern storytelling are the use of technologies such as digital storytelling, audio, internet, television and telephone, which have been formed alongside traditional and face-to-face storytelling. Digital storytelling is a new phenomenon in the world of technology and storytelling. The purpose of this study is to determine the indicators of digital story production by children. Determining the production indicators of digital stories by children was identified through a survey of knowledgeable experts using the Delphi technique. The statistical population of the study includes experts who used the opinions of 30 people using a selective, purposeful and judgmental method. The present study is an applied research that was conducted by library and qualitative methods with Delphi approach. The data collection method in this research is a combination of library and field studies. Kendall correlation coefficient was used to measure agreement between experts' opinions. The research findings show a strong agreement between the opinions of experts in the first and second rounds. Choosing the subject of the story, writing or finding the story, making videos and photos, preparing and recording audio, editing and coordinating the audio and video, viewing and reviewing the digital story, presenting the digital story, feedback and review as stages of digital story production by children Were identified. Manuscript profile

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39 - A review of the characteristics of immigration literature novels
Somayeh Dehghan

Migration literature is a new branch of contemporary literature with its own characteristics, which is divided into two parts: fiction and verse, and it exists in every country according to its social and historical developments. The growth and formation of this type of More

Migration literature is a new branch of contemporary literature with its own characteristics, which is divided into two parts: fiction and verse, and it exists in every country according to its social and historical developments. The growth and formation of this type of literature and the entry of the term "migration literature" into the dictionary of political literature and cultures of the nations of the West is the product of the years after World War I and World War II. In line with the contemporary literary trends of Iran that became popular in Iran after the constitution and especially from the Pahlavi II era, due to the migration of many elites, young people and writers to Europe and America in search of developing education and finding a suitable job and a better future, and also Due to the effects of war and economic disturbances, a wide range of immigrants affected by dual factors took up writing and wrote short and long stories or stories. Among the novels of the authors in question, the selected novel shows the author's style and expression more than his other works. Although writers such as Ismail Fasih have written many of their works on the issue of immigration, this research has been examined in the field of immigration literature. The migration literature has special characteristics, such as dealing with the problems and sufferings of immigrants, which this research has dealt with in detail. In general, by analyzing the selected novels, we have realized that despite the influence of the authors from the thoughts and culture of the West, they are not removed from the past and the culture of the mother country; Therefore, modernity and its conflict with tradition, and the consequences of migration are the main themes of these works. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - The Effectiveness of Active Storytelling on the Honesty and Truthfulness of Female Primary School Students in Kazerun
seyed hamid Hosseini soheila shahidi fatemeh abdolahi

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of active storytelling method on honesty and truthfulness of female primary school students in Kazerun. The present research method was a quasi-experimental research method. The statistical population of the pre More

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of active storytelling method on honesty and truthfulness of female primary school students in Kazerun. The present research method was a quasi-experimental research method. The statistical population of the present study included primary school students in Kazerun that 30 people were randomly selected as a sample and were divided into two groups of control and experimental. The experimental group consisted of 15 people and the control group consisted of 15 people. The instruments of the present study included a questionnaire of 16 questions of honesty and truthfulness of Zare et al. (2011) and a preliminary study and library resources. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean difference of pre-test and post-test scores in the control group and the experimental group. Also, according to the significant level of independent sig t, which is equal to 0.001 and is less than the assumed value of 5%. (0.001> P). Honesty and truthfulness are excellent moral qualities of human beings and the effectiveness of storytelling on life and future and honesty of children has been proven. Also, up-to-date technology and technologies can be used in active storytelling. Choosing useful apps and storybooks is very helpful. And families need to pay attention to this. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Analysis of the character of Khaled, the protagonist of the novel Neighbours, the Story of a City and the Burnt Earth by Ahmad Mahmoud from the sociological perspective of George Lukács
Fariborz Jafari Ahmadi Faramarz Shirinbayan Mohammad Saleh Amiri

<p>The purpose of sociology of literature is to express the links between society and literature and also to reveal how social realities are reflected in literary works, especially in novels. Lukács, as one of the greatest theorists in the field of sociology of l More

<p>The purpose of sociology of literature is to express the links between society and literature and also to reveal how social realities are reflected in literary works, especially in novels. Lukács, as one of the greatest theorists in the field of sociology of literature, tried to show the mutual influence between social structures and literary structures. He considers the novel to be a reflection of the social life of the author's era and also a product of his particular worldview. Ahmad Mahmoud is one of the realist story writers, whose main focus is to express the type of social life of the people of his time, and this issue can be seen in his works. Therefore, the three novels Neighbors, The Story of a City and Burnt Earth can be analyzed based on the sociological theory of George Lukács and the following hypotheses can be put forward: 1- Social novels can be used to reform and improve structures. and cultural-social attitudes are effective. 2- Contemporary novels can not only be a mirror of the whole society with their realistic view, but they can also influence the society from a cultural-social and even political point of view. to be influential and cause intellectual changes in their readers. 3- According to the sociological theories of George Lukács, the sociological analysis of these three novels can be a guide to identify his worldview.</p> Manuscript profile

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