War

Open Access Article

1 - A Combinational Model for Evaluating Organizational Readiness for Data Warehouse Implementation by Using Analytical Hierarchical Process
Hooman Tahayori

Enterprise Data Warehouse initiative is a high investment project. The adoption of Data Warehouse will be significantly different depending upon the level of readiness of an organization. Before implementation of Data Warehouse system in a firm, it is necessary to evalu More

Enterprise Data Warehouse initiative is a high investment project. The adoption of Data Warehouse will be significantly different depending upon the level of readiness of an organization. Before implementation of Data Warehouse system in a firm, it is necessary to evaluate the level of the readiness of firm. A successful Data Warehouse assessment model requires a deep understanding of opportunities, challenges and influential factors that a typical firm’s Data Warehouse (DW) may include. Actually, data warehouse system is one of Knowledge Management and Decision Support System tools. By this system, the distributed data throughout organizations could be collected, extracted and integrated and with knowledge discovery and data mining the latent data can be extracted and analyzed In this paper, after reviewing the relevant literature and a comparative analysis of assessment models for organizational readiness for implementation of Data warehouse system, a conceptual framework was designed and its validity was approved by test of hypothesis. Then, by using analytical hierarchical process technique and its expert choice software, criteria and sub-criteria of influential factors were assessed and weighted. The validity and effectiveness of the model including, six criteria and 23 sub-criteria with main influential factors named Information needs, Data structure , Organizational processes , Organizational factors ,Technical structure and Project management were approved by a field study and the relevant statistical analysis Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - A Combinational Model for Evaluating Organizational Readiness for Data Warehouse Implementation by Using Analytical Hierarchical Process
jafar bagherinejad zhinoos adibi

Enterprise Data Warehouse initiative is a high investment project. The adoption of Data Warehouse will be significantly different depending upon the level of readiness of an organization. Before implementation of Data Warehouse system in a firm, it is necessary to evalu More

Enterprise Data Warehouse initiative is a high investment project. The adoption of Data Warehouse will be significantly different depending upon the level of readiness of an organization. Before implementation of Data Warehouse system in a firm, it is necessary to evaluate the level of the readiness of firm. A successful Data Warehouse assessment model requires a deep understanding of opportunities, challenges and influential factors that a typical firm’s Data Warehouse (DW) may include. Actually, data warehouse system is one of Knowledge Management and Decision Support System tools. By this system, the distributed data throughout organizations could be collected, extracted and integrated and with knowledge discovery and data mining the latent data can be extracted and analyzed In this paper, after reviewing the relevant literature and a comparative analysis of assessment models for organizational readiness for implementation of Data warehouse system, a conceptual framework was designed and its validity was approved by test of hypothesis. Then, by using analytical hierarchical process technique and its expert choice software, criteria and sub-criteria of influential factors were assessed and weighted. The validity and effectiveness of the model including, six criteria and 23 sub-criteria with main influential factors named Information needs, Data structure , Organizational processes , Organizational factors ,Technical structure and Project management were approved by a field study and the relevant statistical analysis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Survey of environmental impacts of security policies of Israel (From theory to practice)
hassan kamran

Main purpose of recent research is to survey of deferent aspects of military and security measures of authoritarian regime of Israel and focusing on environmental consequences of actions of this regime. Because, in despite of several research that has been done on measu More

Main purpose of recent research is to survey of deferent aspects of military and security measures of authoritarian regime of Israel and focusing on environmental consequences of actions of this regime. Because, in despite of several research that has been done on measures and policies of Israel regime but in term of environment or environmentally, destructive actions and todays impacts of its security and military measures of this regime on the environment of occupation territories of Palestine and Israel neighborhoods and middle east has not studied in detail. This recent article tries to analyses this issue from deferent aspects in comprehensive. Findings of the research show that settlement-making and military measures of israel on environment of Palestine territories caused destructive consequences such as pollution of water resources of Palestine, destruction of plant and animal life, air pollution and transform of natural environment of Palestine by Israel settlers and as result creation economical insecurity and health problem for people of Palestine and other people of the region. It also causes destruction of cultural heritage of Palestine by road-building and constructions of Israel, pollution of dangerous solid garbages. Israel military and security actions of Israel also cause the pollution and threat of the Middle East environment. Military measures, canal construct, drainage of swamp, transport of heavy military vehicles, application of chemical, biological and conventional weapons against its neighborhoods(Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Somalia, Jordan and other countries of middle east region) caused erosion of soil, remove of plant cover, air pollution and destruction of water and dry ecosystem and climate change of this region. Huge amounts of organic deposits has raised on soil surface and inflammation of this deposits led to development of new zones of deposits and in its subsequence, spread of soil and sand particles in air and spread of them in the regions countries. Also, warmongering of sad am and Americans and drying of swamp by sad am and transform of land surfaces and west hegemony on this region are another important factors of the environmental, social and economical threats in this region. Method of this research is causal- explanation method and method of data collection is use of library –documental resources. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Global Warming Effects on Minimum Temperature of Iran
Mohammad mohammadi

Climate change is one of the most significant issues for researchers and media in recent decades. This phenomenon is slowly expanding whole over the world and affecting all relevant parameters. Hence, the main objective of this study is evaluating the impacts of global More

Climate change is one of the most significant issues for researchers and media in recent decades. This phenomenon is slowly expanding whole over the world and affecting all relevant parameters. Hence, the main objective of this study is evaluating the impacts of global warming on minimum temperatures of Iran. To do so, daily minimum temperature of 47 synoptic stations were extracted during the 1961-1990. In order to investigate global warming impact, output of the HADCM3 model for 2015-2045 based on A2 and B2 scenarios was downscaling using SDSM model. Results illustrated that base on the relationship between predictor and predictable variables, created model between these variables are partially capable of producing climate data for future periods. Correlation coefficient (r) between observed and generated data during the 1976-1990 was 0.95. Furthermore, results of variance and correlation tests indicated that there is significant similarity between observed and generated data. Finally, the model demonstrated that minimum temperature in studied statins will be increased during 2015-2045. Temperature will be increased about 0.8 and 0.5 ᵒC based on the A2 and B2 scenarios, respectively. The stations will experience different temperature changes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Investigating the Effect of Surface Water in Sacred Defense Operations on the South Front
usef hemati علی امیری hamed abaci

One of the wars that have occurred in Iranian history is the extensive attack of the neighboring country, Iraq, which lasted from 1980 to 1987. In this period, which is mentioned in Iranian sources under the title of the Holy defense, there are offensive and defensive o More

One of the wars that have occurred in Iranian history is the extensive attack of the neighboring country, Iraq, which lasted from 1980 to 1987. In this period, which is mentioned in Iranian sources under the title of the Holy defense, there are offensive and defensive operations in the western border of Iran that can be divided into three Northern, Middle and South fronts. The most important and decisive operations of the war parties took place on the southern front, which is extended from the south of Mehran to Abadan and Ras al-Bisheh. Since the hydrological and geomorphological conditions of this front are such that it is possible to use water tactics or hydraulic warfare, this research has been developed to study the effect of surface water on the operations carried out there. How to collect information this research is based on its nature. That is, according to its historical nature, it has been compiled with library and documentary methods. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive-analytical method. The results showed that surface waters such as rivers, Hores and canals of water and dams in all phases of offensive operations, including designing, implementation and support, and especially defensive operations have had influential role and in each operation, have influenced several principles of nine principles of war. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Contrastive Study of Two Stories of Bon-bast (deadlock) and Samfoni -e Mordegan (the Symphony of the Dead) with Focus on Brothercide in Literature
mostafa gorji

Brothercide as a religious and historic myth, and originating from its archetype in the murder of Abel by his brother Cain, has always been associated with human’s triple concerns about ‘death’, ‘sin’, and ‘feeling of emptiness’. In classical Persian literature it has b More

Brothercide as a religious and historic myth, and originating from its archetype in the murder of Abel by his brother Cain, has always been associated with human’s triple concerns about ‘death’, ‘sin’, and ‘feeling of emptiness’. In classical Persian literature it has been expressed in different forms according to the prevail discourse of the time. In the present Article, the author tries to provide a contrastive analysis of Bon-Bast (a short war story by Mahmoud Dehghan), and Samfoni -e Mordegan, (a bestseller by Abbas Ma’roufi). First, an analysis of Bon-Bast is given; focusing the theme of brothercide, then it will be contrasted with Samfoni -e Mordegan. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Dissonance of Theory and Written Word (Study and Criticism of “Sparrows Sense Heaven”)
Alireza Siddiqui

Sparrows Sense Heaven, a novel, was written based on post-modernism teachings. Paying attention to chaos in narration and naturally the time of the story, super-story features, creating a false cycle using historical characters along with story characters and the presen More

Sparrows Sense Heaven, a novel, was written based on post-modernism teachings. Paying attention to chaos in narration and naturally the time of the story, super-story features, creating a false cycle using historical characters along with story characters and the presence of the writer within the story for distorting the borders between the reality and imagination are among the features and characteristics which categorize this work as a post-modern novel. Still, and at points, one can spot and observe issues which have no relation with the post-modernism teachings. The present essay first points to the post-modernism characteristics of the novel, and then criticizes the non-relevant elements. It also shows that using the methods related to this process- which claims one of its major duties to be revealing a character as a symbol and representative of the sacred defense war soldiers- is not in its right and due place; as the post-modernism attitude and insight towards man and life does not correspond with the existing attitude in this novel. Obviously despite the emphasis of all the characters on describing an ideal character in the novel, we are not even facing a multi-voiced novel either. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Conceptual Blending of War, Hunting and Love in Saadi’s Ghazals Based on Fauconnier and Turner
nasrin fahgih malek marzban

The aim of this research is to explain the conceptual blending of war and hunting, and to analyze the specific dimentions of this blending in Saadi’s Ghazals based on Fauconnier and Turner. One of the frequent cognitive concepts in Saadi’s Ghazals is war and hunting as More

The aim of this research is to explain the conceptual blending of war and hunting, and to analyze the specific dimentions of this blending in Saadi’s Ghazals based on Fauconnier and Turner. One of the frequent cognitive concepts in Saadi’s Ghazals is war and hunting as the input domain of love. The theory of conceptual blending is an effective instrument for understanding the interaction between a conceptual system with its domains. Fauconnier and Turner introduced the theory of multispace or network model. In the network model, the common concepts of two input domains create a generic space. Moreover, the interaction between these two input domains creates a blended space in which the conceptual structure can not be percieved only from the input spaces. In this research we will show that most concepts of love are related to the beloved and specific terms used to describe him/her. In the blended domain, there are some paradoxical concepts like considering death as eternal life, or captivity as freedom. After demonstrating the dimentions of conceptual blending of war and hunting , we will try to find out how the resulted paradox in the blended domain is created. The hypothesis is that this paradox is resulted from the effects of mystical concepts of love in Sufi discourse on the poet’s mental models, even if the Ghazal is categorized as a love one. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Intra and Supra Theoretical Factors of Developments in Theories of Regionalism
الهه كولايي b s

Regionalism has been one of the main topics of social science, comparative politics, international economy, international relations, and international political economy in the last two decades. There is no consensus about its meaning among scholars. It is often consider More

Regionalism has been one of the main topics of social science, comparative politics, international economy, international relations, and international political economy in the last two decades. There is no consensus about its meaning among scholars. It is often considered as integration in international politics. Perhaps one of its reasons is the more objectivity of it in the regional level. Sometimes regionalisms perceived as intergovernment, and increased cooperation of different states. The main question of this essay is “what are the causes of development of regionalism theory?”; the assumption of the authors is that intra and supra theoretical factors have lead to changes in these theories. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Theoretical Explanation of “Soft Power” based on Ultra-“Nye” approach in Applying “Immaterial Resources of Power” in Foreign Policy1
asghar keivan Hosseiny راحله جمعه‌زاده

The Concept of Soft Power introduced by Joseph Nye in late eighties has comprised most parts of works related to immaterial approach toward power (especially in relation to USA). The significant point is that the exclusive position of this kind of “Nye-Based attitude” w More

The Concept of Soft Power introduced by Joseph Nye in late eighties has comprised most parts of works related to immaterial approach toward power (especially in relation to USA). The significant point is that the exclusive position of this kind of “Nye-Based attitude” which caused other ideas and comments related to explicating quality of soft application of power to be neglected and forgotten though they have high priorities in foreign policy (like the theory of just war, the conclusion of democratic peace, Post-Grameci interpretation of Dominance and so on). This study, based on the explication of software dimension along with the Nye ideas, attempts to emphasize this meaning that along the process of theorizing international relations, Nye’s view is just one of the theories which emphasizes the soft mode of power and we must follow an Ultra-Nye sample. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - The Possibilitiesof Information Technology in Political Sphere
eslami eslami

Information technology is a revolution that changes all aspects of human life. The political sphere is also in the process of fundamental changes in the age information. In this article, we describe and analysis the technology asinfrastructure for humanbehavior. Technol More

Information technology is a revolution that changes all aspects of human life. The political sphere is also in the process of fundamental changes in the age information. In this article, we describe and analysis the technology asinfrastructure for humanbehavior. Technology not also instrument that help human to change environment, but is a worldview that shapes the culture and all the meanings of life. This article examineschanges in political sphere and relation powers in the information age with an optimistic logic. The question this research is that what is the possibility of information technology in political sphere? To entrance cyberfield in politics, some subjects arevisible, for example cyber war, digital democracy, and electric citizen and E-government. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Reviewing the theory of clash of civilizations Based on Middle East evolutions in last two decades
Ahmad

After ending the cold war, the identity boundaries of nations that are specified based on the dependence on one of the political and ideological poles or independence on them , have been changed and the role and importance of culture in identity finding process of natio More

After ending the cold war, the identity boundaries of nations that are specified based on the dependence on one of the political and ideological poles or independence on them , have been changed and the role and importance of culture in identity finding process of nations have turned out to be more prominent . While the identity boundaries in the past were specified in terms of political, ideological and economic indexes, gradually the identity boundaries were formed based on cultural indexes and civilizational and cultural identity were determined as a distinguishing basis of political units. This paper seeks to specify the argument of contrast inside and outside of civilization in recent years based on the theory of clash of civilizations. The result of this paper confirms this assumption that in new circumstances, the one-sided process of globalization, equally has removed the cultural boundaries of societies and proceed in the direction of westernizing them, has caused social groups redefine its identity based on its separation from west and western culture and civilization and increase the rate of west fighting and retreating in cultural and civilizational identity finding process Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Revolution in proxy wars in post cold war era and its modules for international relations field

Proxy wars, as wars in which fighting missions are delegated to actors who represent other actors or act in their interests, are common in international relations among the common phenomena of international relations that international relations scholars consider its di More

Proxy wars, as wars in which fighting missions are delegated to actors who represent other actors or act in their interests, are common in international relations among the common phenomena of international relations that international relations scholars consider its different respects and its great differences with conventional wars attracts the attention of international relations field specially. The implications of these wars for IR as a discipline have not been investigated systematically. The bottomline of this paper is that this type of war and its changes after post cold war era lead to the theoretical and conceptual changes in international relations field. Morover, the differences between two eras show how neo-proxy war challenges most presuppositions of main current of international relations including the effects of plurarity of actors involving in war, fading the boundary between onshore and offshore, and interwoven analytic levels. Furthermore, the variety of attitudes in clarification of proxy war shows that how this phenomenon provides the new ground for more theoretical richness for main theories of international affairs at least potentially. . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Feasibility of Adapting the Hegel's Desirable State with the Doctrines of Modern Totalitarian States
Mohammad Abedi Ardakani seyyed ali asghar baghrinejad

Some states were established, in the twentieth century, which are characterized by the title of “Totalitarian”. They consist of a wide range including conservatives, fascist radical right-wingers and communist radical left-wingers. The nature and behavioral style of the More

Some states were established, in the twentieth century, which are characterized by the title of “Totalitarian”. They consist of a wide range including conservatives, fascist radical right-wingers and communist radical left-wingers. The nature and behavioral style of these governments are manifest in their doctrines or policies which are more or less rooted in the past. Hence, some thinkers like Karl Popper and Schopenhauer contain that Hegel was one of the philosophers whose trace of thought can be seen in these doctrines. Now, the main purpose of this article is to clarify the validity of this claim by adapting the most important features of Hegel's theory of state with the doctrines of the totalitarian states of the twentieth century, mainly from Nazi or fascist type in Germany and Italy between the two world wars. For this reason, the main question of the present study is: “has Hegel theorized about his desired state in a way that is consistent with the doctrines of the twentieth-century totalitarian states?” The findings of this study suggest that, although it is possible that notions may be found in Hegel's thoughts that are misunderstood or misused by totalitarian states, but overall, what Hegel has proposed about the state and its features is entirely different from the doctrines of the totalitarian states of the twentieth century. This study is descriptive-analytic with a documentary-historical approach and collecting the appropriate data for analysis is done in a library-based way. Manuscript profile

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15 - The Effect of educational Literature on the Revolutionary and War Literature in the Selected Works of the Child of the Sixties
SOHEILA MEHRVAZIRI mostafa salari BEHROZ ROMIANI

One of the important types of literature is the children's literature. In Iran, in spite of the literary greatness and power and background, the literature of children in its today’s meaning does not have much background, but in the contemporary period, the literature o More

One of the important types of literature is the children's literature. In Iran, in spite of the literary greatness and power and background, the literature of children in its today’s meaning does not have much background, but in the contemporary period, the literature of children has received a great deal of attention so that it can be said that one of the most extensive and most beautiful types of literary in Iran, especially in the contemporary period, is the effect of educational literature, the literature of revolution and the war on child’s works. This expression in the literature of the child of the sixties reached to its peak, due to the fact that not much time passed since the Islamic Revolution, and also shortly after the Islamic Revolution, the Imposed War happened, in such a way that many Iranian poets and writers, especially the poets of the child and teenagers paid special attention to this literary type among other literary types. This article is written with the aim of indicating and analyzing the effect of educational literature, the literature of revolution and war on the works of the child of the sixties. In order to achieve this goal, first of all, the exact meaning of the child's literature and its characteristics and the child's age periods is discussed briefly. Then the educational literature, the literature of revolution and war and its effects in the poetry and story of the child of the sixties have been analyzed. The result of this study shows that perseverance, courage, kindness, hope, chivalry, advocacy of right and truth and endurance against the oppression and force, are educational values and contents that are the main core of many tales and stories of the child of the sixties Manuscript profile

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16 - Examining contract termination in Iranian law by comparative study with the principles of international trade agreements
Masoumeh Ghadirian Mozafar Bashokouh Alireza Lotfi Dudran

The upward trend in the internationalization of contracts, especially international business contracts, requires the adoption of laws in harmony with other well-known legal systems. To avoid problems due to differences in the methods and methods used to regulate interna More

The upward trend in the internationalization of contracts, especially international business contracts, requires the adoption of laws in harmony with other well-known legal systems. To avoid problems due to differences in the methods and methods used to regulate international trade, the coordinator internal regulations are imperative with the passage of laws and other regulations. Regarding this issue, the present article deals with the comparative analysis of the guarantees of violations of contractual obligations in Iranian law and the principles of international trade agreements with the aim of explaining the rules governing the guarantee of implementation and its implementation with domestic law. Problems and issues related to the performance of contractual obligations are a series of substantive issues, and the most important part of the contracts is the guarantee, which is described in the Unidroit principles in chapter seven, which is discussed in the treatise. The performance bonus that is presented in most legal systems In case of violation of contractual obligations, they can be resorted to out of three categories. At first sight, it may require the execution of the same contractual obligations from the obligated party. The second one can request alternative compensation from a committed one, which is usually done by paying money and finally, it can cancel the contract, which seeks to examine the distinction and sharing of the guarantees of violations of contractual obligations in Iranian law and the principles of international commercial contracts. According to the research, despite the many similarities between the two, differences it is also seen that they are not so important and can be adjusted by using other institutions in Iranian law. Manuscript profile

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17 - Psychological warfare from the perspective of Islamic teachings, with emphasis on the Qur'an and the views of the jurisprudents of Sunni religions
seyed hasan chavoshi seyed mohamad mehdi ahmadi

Psychological warfare has become the most important tool in providing the material for stateless systems, given the dramatic progress that has been made in various areas of life, especially in the field of information technology and social affairs. Psychological warfare More

Psychological warfare has become the most important tool in providing the material for stateless systems, given the dramatic progress that has been made in various areas of life, especially in the field of information technology and social affairs. Psychological warfare, although viewed from a historical perspective, dates back to the history of human wars, and, in the light of its dimensions, the realm of presence and influence, and the complexity, has made a great difference to the past. In the context of complicated situations in the field of human communication, psychological warfare is of great importance and is carried out in different ways. Given the importance of this issue in the present situation and the use of the enemies of Islam in this way to undermine the stability and stability of Islamic society, the present paper, in view of this concern, seeks to use some of the texts of jurisprudence and the instances of psychological warfare from the point of view Public jurisprudence, and its significance has been examined from this perspective. The findings of this research show that psychological warfare as a systemic effort to strengthen the morale of the forces of Islam and through the weakening and degradation of the spirit of the enemy of Islam, especially in the field of war, has been addressed by the jurists and Rooted in religious beliefs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Comparison resilience and coping strategies between volunteers and soldiers who participated in the war against ISIS
زانا ضالح

Abstract The aim of this research is to compare resilience and stress coping strategies among Volunteers participated in anti-ISIS warfare and soldiers. The research method is descriptive and causal-comparative type. The statistical population of the study is all Kurd More

Abstract The aim of this research is to compare resilience and stress coping strategies among Volunteers participated in anti-ISIS warfare and soldiers. The research method is descriptive and causal-comparative type. The statistical population of the study is all Kurdish soldiers and volunteers in three provinces of Halabja, Sulaimani and Erbil in the region of Kurdistan/Iraq who participated in ISIS warfare. In this study, 180 men, aged 20-50 years old, are selected as samples, they are divided into two groups of 90 (90 soldiers) and (90 volunteers), then the Conner and Davidson’s resilience questionnaire and Andler & Parker’s are used to show stress coping strategies. The data are collected and analyzed by t-test and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results shows that on resilience scale, the significant level between volunteers and soldiers is bigger than 0.01, which means that there is no difference in terms of resilience between volunteers and soldiers. But there is a significant difference between volunteers and soldiers in coping strategies (p0/01). The problem-oriented style is (P = 0.01 and F = 8.474) and the avoidance-oriented style is (p = 0.01 and F = 6.751). But the F value obtained for emotion-oriented is (0/008) and the significance level is 930/0. Therefore, there is no difference in the emotion-focused. The conclusion of the main findings of this research confirms that organizing special training courses to enhance resilience and helping volunteers and soldiers to reduce war stress is recommended. Considering that the health of soldiers is important for working in the security places and their major role in dealing with enemies and protecting the country. Planning to train the appropriate coping methods and encouraging all soldiers to use the appropriate approach to deal with stress situations is beneficial. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Comparison of Resilience and Stress Coping Strategies between Volunteers and Soldiers who Participated in the War Against ISIS
Zana Nasih Salih Qadir Fariba Hassani

The aim of the current research is to determine the difference between resilience and coping strategies among volunteers and soldiers who participated in the war against ISIS. The research method was descriptive and causal-comparative. The population of interest in this More

The aim of the current research is to determine the difference between resilience and coping strategies among volunteers and soldiers who participated in the war against ISIS. The research method was descriptive and causal-comparative. The population of interest in this study was all Kurdish volunteers and soldiers in all three provinces of Halabja, Sulaimaniyah and Erbil of Iraqi Kurdistan who participated in the war against ISIS. The sample of this study was selected through available sampling. Then, data were collected using Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale ( CD-RISC) and Endler and Parker’s Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations and analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results of this study showed that there was no difference in resilience between volunteers and soldiers, but there was a significant difference in coping with stress scale. In terms of problem-oriented style and avoidance-oriented style, the difference was significant. Therefore, it turns out that there is no difference in emotion-focused coping. The main findings of this study confirm that special training courses are recommended to enhance resilience and help volunteers and soldiers to exprince reduce warfare stress. Manuscript profile

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20 - Survey on some manifestations of moderateness and violence in Nizami Ganjavi’s Khamsa
saeed karimi qare baba

Persian old literature has always proclaimed kindness and moderateness and has avoided violence, dispute and vengeance. Therefore, Iran society and history has passed through different and stressful paths. Literature represents a vague and blurred image of uncontrolled More

Persian old literature has always proclaimed kindness and moderateness and has avoided violence, dispute and vengeance. Therefore, Iran society and history has passed through different and stressful paths. Literature represents a vague and blurred image of uncontrolled violence in its deep layers though disputes and war has woven with Iranian society warp and woof. Nizami Ganjavi is one of the Iranian poets and advocate of peace that love and friendship is felt in his poems. However, in the depth of his works, the traces of the mentality based on violence and lack of moderateness can be found unintentionally. For instance, war is one of the main content of Nizami poems and even the traces of violence can be seen in the realm of love. The lover Majnun tends to act violently for possessing of Leila, in Makhzanoal- Asrar(Treasure of Mysteries) two scholars with different scientific viewpoints debated so that they are ready to kill each other and finally, Alexander destructs the Zoroastrian temples violently and abolishes their religious rituals and put fire on their magnificent cities and transfers Iranians academic texts to Macedonia. On other hand, the manifestations of moderateness in Nizami verse are wonderful. Shirin invites Khosrow to moderation and hospitality of the people. Bahram prevents war with his compatriots with intelligent planning and the kings respond the protestors. Manuscript profile

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21 - Reflection on the content of the Holy Defense Poetry
Yousef Karami CHemeh

Abstract In every work of art, there are two components: form and content. This is also true poetry and studies-by the poetry, the two components will be given. Look at the history of Persian literature shows that poets also those that consider both the form and conten More

Abstract In every work of art, there are two components: form and content. This is also true poetry and studies-by the poetry, the two components will be given. Look at the history of Persian literature shows that poets also those that consider both the form and content of his poetry and the other one to win it had gone down. In this study, overall vision and comprehensive content of the imposed war is studied. What was at first a kind of poetry known as the Sacred Defense poetry, concept and content of the poem was similar. The author uses library resources and content analysis has tried to unsubscribe and similar roots in the lyrical content is determined war. The most important themes and concepts presented in Sacred Defense poetry, martyrs and martyrdom in Karbala event and the culture of Ashura, hope for the future and expect the Messiah, patriotism, ranting and epics, appealed to the decline of values, and so on. The themes in the teachings Iranian poets - have taken advantage of Islamic and indeed a large part of the content of Sacred Defense poetry, ritual. Manuscript profile

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22 - Model Designing of Total Softpower Policy the Islamic Republic of Iran
Mohammad Taqi Amini Mohammad MahmoodiMeymand MohamadMehdi Parhizgar محمد رضا مشایخ

Policy making is a word which usually accompanies by government content. Government strategy in defending area and government plan for security is named security policy making. The goal of policy making is to accelerate or decelerate a changing movement in a part, ther More

Policy making is a word which usually accompanies by government content. Government strategy in defending area and government plan for security is named security policy making. The goal of policy making is to accelerate or decelerate a changing movement in a part, therefore; policy makings make changes inevitably which should be managed. The mission of the present research is to design a major policy making for soft power (soft warfare) to reach national soft security. According to Joseph Nai, to face soft warfare holding soft power to obtain national soft security should consist of three main criteria; 1. Cultural attraction, 2. Internal political ideals, 3. Foreign policies of a state to own the capability of gaining “ideality” of internal system and foreign societies through attraction and not force or bribing. Vikers (2008) classifies the main elements of a soft power into; 1. Psychological, 2. Social, 3. Political, 4. Cultural, and 5. Scientific elements. According to Imam Khomeini, as he mentioned in his spiritual -political last will, fundamental criteria of soft power are as follows: 1. Cultural, spiritual, social, 2. Science and industry, 3. Economic, 4. Political and military. These criteria in soft power frame, based on the opinions of Imam Khameneyee, are also determined in four groups: 1. Cultural, 2. Scientific-Technologic, 3. Unity and National Identity, political steadiness, 4. Economic and defending. Islamic Republic of Iran Constitution stresses on four powers of; 1. Cultural, 2. Social, 3. Political (domestic& foreign), 4. Economic, to create a soft power and deems them as the main principle for the state development. In the proposed four-dimensional model of this paper, the main criteria for structure of resource of soft power regarding to providing soft security and preventing soft war, includes: Cultural- Social, 2. Scientific-Technological, 3. Political (domestic & foreign), 4. Economic. The following actions have been performed to examine the proposed model: Considering the four resources of soft power and their priority comparing with each other through Delphi and AHP methods Considering the parameters of four resources of soft power and national soft security as well as their priority and abbreviating them through Delphi and AHP methods Measuring the relation of evaluated parameters with indices of national soft security through AHP The relation of permanence and validity and accuracy of answers by Pierson impetus indices Findings of the study reveal that: 1. The main priority of soft power resources is cultural-social soft power, which gained the most marks. 2. The second priority of soft power resources is scientific-technological soft power, which is deemed as the second resource to provide soft power. 3. The third resource in the measurements is political (domestic & foreign) resource. 4. The weakest resource in soft power resources is economic resource. Ideal Model: 3. One-dimensional model “Cultural-Social” 4. The cultural-social resource is the one-dimensional producer of soft power for national soft security which can provide a short-term effect solely. 5. Two-Dimensional model “Cultural-Social” & “Scientific-Technologic” 6. This model enjoys a more strength and effect on production of national soft security. 7. Three-Dimensional model “Cultural-Social” & “Scientific-Technologic”& “Political (domestic & foreign)” 1. Four-Dimensional model “Cultural-Social” & “Scientific-Technologic”& “Political (domestic & foreign)” & “Economic” 2. This model is complete and comprehensive for policy making of effective resources to remove threats and soft war and develops national soft power and makes use of the highest capacities of existing state soft power. Finally, after conclusion, some proposals have been offered to organization, researchers, thinkers and scientists to continue the way. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - AUT-QPM: The New Framework to Query Evaluation for Data Warehouse Creation
N. Daneshpour Ahmad Abdollahzadeh Barforoush

The main reason of data warehouse systems failure is lack of justification proof. Analysis is an important task for decision about data warehouse creation. In this paper, we present the framework to justify data warehouse based on the input query types. We classify quer More

The main reason of data warehouse systems failure is lack of justification proof. Analysis is an important task for decision about data warehouse creation. In this paper, we present the framework to justify data warehouse based on the input query types. We classify query types and execute them on the databases and data warehouses with different sizes. The query response time and the number of I/O are evaluation parameters. In the experiments, different types of queries have been processed on databases and data warehouses and the results based on time and memory have been compared. These results are presented below: • For answering multidimensional queries and aggregated queries data warehouse systems will be required, • For answering nested queries and join queries, data warehouse system will be useful, • Database systems will be proper for answering simple queries and computational queries. In this work, the tools which can process the above ideas have been produced. The software will take user query and evaluate its process to decide having or not having data warehouses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Optimizing OLAP Queries by Mapping Data Cube to Two Dimensional Space
m.k. sohraby Ahmad Abdollahzadeh Barforoush

Data warehouse and OLAP are essential elements of decision support systems (DSS) and have been studied in database issues extensively. The requirements of decision support systems are different from on-line transactional processing systems. Query optimization and effici More

Data warehouse and OLAP are essential elements of decision support systems (DSS) and have been studied in database issues extensively. The requirements of decision support systems are different from on-line transactional processing systems. Query optimization and efficient data cube computation have primary roles in improving functionality of DSS. This paper presents a new method for query processing in data warehouses and computing data cubes using bottom-up cube computation techniques. Results of implementation show that the proposed algorithm outperforms two best known algorithms (based on time criterion), and is much faster than them in answering to monotonic query with large volume of data. Furthermore, 2-dimensional view of ex-cube and transforming the data cube to a hyper graph structure, reduce the required space of the algorithm when we aggregate subsets of cube's dimension. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Using the Capabilities of XML and Materialized Views in Creating a Near Real-Time Data Warehouse
S. M. Shafaei S. M. Shafaei

A major challenge in the field of platforms and applications is how to display and combine the results of real-time and static partitions, as well as reduce the response time of on-line analytical processing queries in a near real-time data warehouse. So appropriate con More

A major challenge in the field of platforms and applications is how to display and combine the results of real-time and static partitions, as well as reduce the response time of on-line analytical processing queries in a near real-time data warehouse. So appropriate content in a near real-time data warehouse can be produced through a common interface for the results of queries. This article provides an architecture that includes an XML/XSLT interface approach to generate appropriate content and also creating materialized views in the client side. In this architecture, providing a model-based HTML output, distribution and composition of results, are presented. In addition, two parallel approaches for incorporating the results of real-time and static partitions of near real-time data warehouse architecture are proposed. In the proposed architecture, the fundamental role of XML and its related technologies, the production and maintenance of content in near real-time data warehouse is determined. The results show that response time of on-line analytical processing queries via materialized views in the server and client side is reduced. Introduced functions for selecting materialized views in the both of client and server sides improve the storage space. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - A Near Real-Time Data Warehouse Architecture Based on Ontology
S. M. Shafaei S. M. Shafaei

Data warehouse does not provide external data that are required to dynamically build after design and create the data warehouse. Therefore, analysts conduct effective analysis to find a correlation between external data and data warehouse data, and in other cases requir More

Data warehouse does not provide external data that are required to dynamically build after design and create the data warehouse. Therefore, analysts conduct effective analysis to find a correlation between external data and data warehouse data, and in other cases requires a comparison both external data and data warehouse data together. The analyst forced to repeat some past repetitive situations. This includes creating terminology, measures and comparison. In this paper, for graduates of this problem, a real-time data warehouse architecture based on ontology is proposed. Furthermore, an algorithm to reduce the response time to users’ queries using materialized views and parallel processing is proposed. A case study to demonstrate how to create correlation between external data and data warehouse data is done and the results show the correlation between external data and data warehouse data is discovered. In experiments, using both direct and parent materialized views approaches in existing data warehouse architecture, reduce response time to users’ sequential, comparative and combination queries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Motivational Factors in War Tourism: The case of Khorramshahr war museum
نیلوفر رحبی مقدم

In recent tourism studies, motivation is accepted as a crucial variable that explains tourism behavior and is used to understand decision-making and destination selecting. Studies show that many tourists travel to war-related areas, and war memorials are important attra More

In recent tourism studies, motivation is accepted as a crucial variable that explains tourism behavior and is used to understand decision-making and destination selecting. Studies show that many tourists travel to war-related areas, and war memorials are important attractions in these destinations. In Iran, war tourism and war-related sites (e.g. sites of the 8-year-old war) provided real good demands. The purpose of this study was to assess the motivations for travel to war-related tourism destinations. The war museum in Khorramshahr was selected as the case study. This research employed quantitative research methods with 270 valid questionnaires obtained for data analysis. Based on 18 criteria, the motivational factors were classified into four categories: publicity; interest in the acquisition of knowledge and recognition; facilities; and internal factors. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used to analyze the data. The results showed that three of the categories, excluding the internal factors, influenced on creating the visitors’ motivation but the most important factor was about interest in acquiring knowledge and recognition (R2=0.645). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces in the Mirror of Holy Defense
Behrouz kheshtzar

After the Iraqi army launched a nationwide invasion of the holy land of Islam, the revolutionary and Muslim people of Iran, who saw part of their country in danger, invaded the battlefields from all over the country and built a huge barrier against the equipped Iraqi ar More

After the Iraqi army launched a nationwide invasion of the holy land of Islam, the revolutionary and Muslim people of Iran, who saw part of their country in danger, invaded the battlefields from all over the country and built a huge barrier against the equipped Iraqi army from the very first days. In addition to sending their youth to the battlefields, the Muslim people, with their cash and non-cash donations, took care of some of the needs of the battlefields. Political scientists believe that the socio-political life of any society owes to the active participation of all members of society, and social development depends on the use of potential and actual capacities of all human resources and their conscious and committed participation in all social arenas; But the same role-playing and participation depends on the attitude of members of society towards their identity and status, their social acceptance to play a role, their self-confidence and the availability of grounds for participation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Jihad, A Cultural, Ideological Issue in Framework of Islamic Lifestyle
Mohammad جانیپور

The issue of Jihad, given its sensitivity and its extensive effects on the political, social, and cultural developments in Muslim societies, has been the subject of many analyses which have produced many different views. Some have considered Jihad as a military mea More

The issue of Jihad, given its sensitivity and its extensive effects on the political, social, and cultural developments in Muslim societies, has been the subject of many analyses which have produced many different views. Some have considered Jihad as a military measure and likened it to Qital (fighting). Others, taking a minimal approach, have only taken into account the defensive aspects of Jihad. This is while a look into the verses of the Holy Quran and a study of the typology of different kinds of Jihad in Isla, shows that the concept has always been mentioned as a general, absolute and soft strategy aiming to establish, secure and maintain the Islamic style of life, and that the concept has found various manifestations in line with this goal. Looking at different types of Jihad the pertaining strategies mentioned in the Quran indicates that God’s purpose of clarifying this concept is bringing change in man’s nature and, as a result, changing his worldview and ideology in order to secure the presence of Muslim individuals and societies on the path of guidance and Tawhid (monotheism) and, ultimately, to draw up the monotheistic style of life based on the principle of Jihad. In this paper, the conceptual foundations of the research have been defined and after identifying different types of Jihad in the Quran and clarifying the strategy of each of them, a pattern has been presented for achieving the Islamic style of life. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Jihad, A Cultural, Ideological Issue in Framework of Islamic Lifestyle
Mohammad جانیپور

The issue of Jihad, given its sensitivity and its extensive effects on the political, social, and cultural developments in Muslim societies, has been the subject of many analyses which have produced many different views. Some have considered Jihad as a military mea More

The issue of Jihad, given its sensitivity and its extensive effects on the political, social, and cultural developments in Muslim societies, has been the subject of many analyses which have produced many different views. Some have considered Jihad as a military measure and likened it to Qital (fighting). Others, taking a minimal approach, have only taken into account the defensive aspects of Jihad. This is while a look into the verses of the Holy Quran and a study of the typology of different kinds of Jihad in Isla, shows that the concept has always been mentioned as a general, absolute and soft strategy aiming to establish, secure and maintain the Islamic style of life, and that the concept has found various manifestations in line with this goal. Looking at different types of Jihad the pertaining strategies mentioned in the Quran indicates that God’s purpose of clarifying this concept is bringing change in man’s nature and, as a result, changing his worldview and ideology in order to secure the presence of Muslim individuals and societies on the path of guidance and Tawhid (monotheism) and, ultimately, to draw up the monotheistic style of life based on the principle of Jihad. In this paper, the conceptual foundations of the research have been defined and after identifying different types of Jihad in the Quran and clarifying the strategy of each of them, a pattern has been presented for achieving the Islamic style of life. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Enmity and soft war from the perspective of Nahj al-Balaghah
Maryam Azizi

One of the points that Imam Ali (AS) emphasizes in relation to the enemy is that one should constantly maintain vigilance against the enemy and should never underestimate the enemy. Soft war is the most extensive effort against nations in the form of various political p More

One of the points that Imam Ali (AS) emphasizes in relation to the enemy is that one should constantly maintain vigilance against the enemy and should never underestimate the enemy. Soft war is the most extensive effort against nations in the form of various political plans. , Security, economic, etc. has entered the implementation phase. There are various definitions of soft warfare; Some have equated soft warfare with soft power or psychological operations. While there is a big difference between soft warfare and other categories. Soft warfare is neither soft power nor psychological operations, but a complex phenomenon that goes far beyond that. To deal with this phenomenon, comprehensive models and solutions must be presented; In this article, while presenting a conceptual model, various aspects of coping will be discussed. The method of the present research is library method. While presenting the topic of hostility, it has defined and stated the history of soft war based on the valuable book of Nahjul Balagha. The results of this research indicate that the enemy can mislead man through soft war; Among the solutions of Imam Hammam, we can mention reactionary or anti-propaganda measures and active or propaganda measures. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Major Powers and International Organizations; An Assessment of Developments in the Post-Cold War Era
سید محمدکاظم سجادپور

International organizations, as an outcome of actions and reactions in international politics, law and community since their very inception in the Twentieth Century, have always been significantly susceptible to the impact of the relations among major powers. The critic More

International organizations, as an outcome of actions and reactions in international politics, law and community since their very inception in the Twentieth Century, have always been significantly susceptible to the impact of the relations among major powers. The critical impact of these powers on the dynamism and efficiency of international organizations has not been in doubt. This has also been the case during the post-Cold War era. This paper undertakes to assess the impact of the relations among major powers on international organizations in the period following the end of the Cold War? To answer this question, a conceptual framework for understanding developments in international organizations has been offered first. Then, changes in relations among major powers since the end of the Cold War have been discussed. And finally, the paper has turned to the assessment of the qualitative and quantitative developments in international organizations from the vantage point of relations among the major powers. As argued in the paper, changes in the quality of relations among the major powers in the post-Cold War era have ushered both horizontal and vertical development in international organizations, especially when compared to previous eras, and have as a consequence led them to play a more important role in international relations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Tactics of the enemy's infiltration into the Islamic society from the perspective of the Holy Quran
morteza Soltani

The influence of foreigners and enemies in the land and thought of Muslims has precedents in the history of Islam. Since the beginning of Islam, hypocrites, people of the book and other enemies of religion have been trying to find an opening in any way to influence the More

The influence of foreigners and enemies in the land and thought of Muslims has precedents in the history of Islam. Since the beginning of Islam, hypocrites, people of the book and other enemies of religion have been trying to find an opening in any way to influence the beliefs, culture, economy, etc. of the Islamic society. Enemies, when they do not see in themselves the power of military and direct confrontation, try to take full advantage of the weak points of Muslims and make the best use of them for their nefarious purposes. In other words, the influence of the enemy mostly refers to their imperceptible and secret tactics to carry out their conspiracy, but in the meantime, the Holy Quran has dealt with the problem of influence and its types with a special look. The studies carried out showed that in the Holy Quran, the use of spies, intimate relations with foreigners, spreading rumors, propaganda and inducing suspicions, exile or physical removal of religious leaders of the society, assassination of leaders, deceiving Muslims by pretending to be friends, revealing the secrets of Muslims, Incorrect understanding of moral virtues, creating economic bottlenecks, abusing legitimate figures in society, disobeying the orders of the leader of society, destroying cultural centers and infiltrating them, psychological warfare and putting the masses of people in intellectual weakness are the most efficient tools and tricks of the enemy to It is an influence that is collected in detail in this article. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Investigating and analyzing the irreplaceable role of Basij in holy defense
Behrouz Kasht Zar Seyed Sadif Danshi

According to the Supreme Leader, the eight-year era of holy defense is "the pinnacle of the honor of the Iranian nation". Therefore, in order to preserve and transmit the values of holy defense and the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom to the future generation, this cu More

According to the Supreme Leader, the eight-year era of holy defense is "the pinnacle of the honor of the Iranian nation". Therefore, in order to preserve and transmit the values of holy defense and the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom to the future generation, this culture must be seriously implemented in the cultural, social and economic planning of the country in question. be placed According to the Supreme Leader, "If we want the revolution and the country to be safe, we must strengthen this enthusiasm, this general movement and mobilization of the nation day by day." Undoubtedly, we must accept that although Basij itself is the guardian of the achievements of the Islamic Revolution, it is also a great achievement. An achievement that, as a precious legacy of Imam Khomeini (RA), can be the source of great changes in the world today, the same model that anti-oppression and justice-seeking resistance groups in every corner of the world use, and the mention of the role of the Basij in the sacred defense actually refers to a corner of The function of this institution is sacred. Focusing all eyes on this type of performance is actually ignoring the huge and valuable potential of this noble tree. Although the sacred defense is a golden leaf of the proud history of the Iranian nation, which was turned over by the most popular forces defending the Islamic revolution, but today, the way and method of those great forces has become a thought. which he refers to as "mobilization thinking". Therefore, although the role of mobilization in holy defense is always mentioned, the higher and higher goal is that this thinking should always be current in the society. The result of this will be the continuity of victories and successes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Transition from Monarchical Rule to Innovative Governance Based on the Techniques of Transparency and Control (From Abbas Mirza to Amir Kabir)
hadi keshavarz

This study aims to analyze the governance patterns in Iran before and after the Iran-Russia wars, and their relationship with the environment. Two major governance patterns and two different rationalities in the exercise of power, in terms of method, scope, and perspect More

This study aims to analyze the governance patterns in Iran before and after the Iran-Russia wars, and their relationship with the environment. Two major governance patterns and two different rationalities in the exercise of power, in terms of method, scope, and perspective, are discussed. Using a descriptive-analytical approach and documents, the governance process is examined from the perspective of Michel Foucault's governmentality framework, and the relationship between the environment, politics, and the formation of a new rationality in governance in Iran is explored. The research question is: "How did the formation and establishment of new governance mechanisms and techniques in Iran after the Iran-Russia wars take place, and what impact did it have on the relationship between the environment, politics, and the formation of new governance innovations in Iran? " The study argues that "with an awareness of the failure of governance based on the monarchy system, reformists gradually exposed society to the power of control and guidance of the population by creating new techniques and institutions, and established new governance innovations. " In general, two strategies can be identified in the administration of the territory after the Iran-Russia wars: the traditional strategy of the monarchy based on divine-political obligation and the strategy of new governance innovations based on new techniques, each leaving a different form of the relationship between the environment and politics in terms of the mode of exercising power, the scope of power, and the control perspective. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Urban representations in contemporary stories with a focus on war stories
Maryam Akhbari Arash Moshfeghi hosein dadashi

The purpose of this article is to examine the image of the city and its features and appearances in five fictional works of the war. For this purpose, five fictional works in the field of war literature were selected. Their content was examined in terms of urban element More

The purpose of this article is to examine the image of the city and its features and appearances in five fictional works of the war. For this purpose, five fictional works in the field of war literature were selected. Their content was examined in terms of urban elements and manifestations. The results of the survey showed that in these effects of war in cities, bombing, poverty and famine, destruction and destruction of the appearance of cities and urban elements due to war have the highest frequency. In all these works, the city has a dark and sad appearance. The cemeteries and hospitals are full of martyrs and injured people. Most of the people of the city have either migrated or those who remain, poverty prevents them from leaving. The elements of urban modernity are a tool in the war. Also, the approach to war fiction from the perspective of urban elements indicates that the names of the cities involved in the war have been used the most. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - The study of Trauma Caused by War in the Novel "Zamin-e Soukhteh"
Asad Abshirini Ghodrat Ghasemipour Zahra Sawaedi

Trauma is a theory in psychology referring to any psychological pressure which the human mind is unable to accept and analyze it. The wounds inflicted on a person's mind would leave a deep impact on him and may lead his life and destiny to a different direction. There a More

Trauma is a theory in psychology referring to any psychological pressure which the human mind is unable to accept and analyze it. The wounds inflicted on a person's mind would leave a deep impact on him and may lead his life and destiny to a different direction. There are different factors can cause trauma. One of them is war events which has an enduring effect on human's psyche. Therefore, due to the numerous wars that have plagued our country throughout the history, especially the eight-year imposed war, the literary narrative of trauma has found its way into the works of some Iranian writers.The present research was conducted in an analytical-descriptive way and it aims to investigate the literary expressions of this psychological damage in the novel "Zamin Soukhteh" by Ahmad Mahmoud and analyze the damage caused to the psyche of each of the characters. In this regard, first, we have discussed the theoretical issues about trauma, then we have analyzed and examined its effect on the characters of the mentioned novel. At the end, it was concluded that the reaction of each character is different from the other; In this way, due to the psychological wounds inflicted on them, the "Shahed" character is hospitalized in a mental asylum; "Nene Baran" distances herself from his previous personality; "Narges" falls into acute depression and "Golabetoon" completely loses his emotions. Obviously, in addition to the important fictional works in praise of the heroes who appeared in the holy defense, this novel can also be worth studying from the perspective of theoretical framework. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - Solar panels for residential needs
Sinai Salehi Seyed Majid Keshavarz fardin Yazdanpanah

The practical efficiency of commercial m-Si and CIS PV modules measured in reality by our group was less than 15% due to the higher temperature of the PV modules, and the rest is more than 85% of the exhaust solar energy. Environmental Heating It was previously reporte More

The practical efficiency of commercial m-Si and CIS PV modules measured in reality by our group was less than 15% due to the higher temperature of the PV modules, and the rest is more than 85% of the exhaust solar energy. Environmental Heating It was previously reported in 2020 that the principle of an environmentally friendly PV/T (photovoltaic/thermal) solar panel using m-Si PV module to use 71.3% of solar energy for electricity and 40°C water This panel was designed to confirm the principle, that is, it was an experimental PV/T solar panel. In this paper, a new environmentally friendly PV/T solar panel for use in BIPVT (photovoltaic) systems is presented. /integrated heating in the building) is proposed. The new panel uses a CIS PV module and all functions, including the heat exchanger using aluminum flat tubes, are housed in a panel box that is approximately the size of a simple CIS PV panel. PV/T Solar Panel Proposed 73.5 % of solar energy with 13.0% power generation efficiency and 60.5% heat collection efficiency in a 40°C hot water source in Yokohama, Japan. The efficiency is higher than the previous test panel. The proposed panel can also suppress heat radiation around 50°C even in the case of hot water of 60°C. The proposed PV/T solar panel can meet all residential thermal needs such as domestic hot water (DHW) and space heating or cooling using solar heat with less environmental heat load. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - The moral principles of the Prophet (PBUH) in wars based on the history of the Prophet (PBUH) and the Qur'an
mahdi abedi Mohamadreza Hosseni Mohammad taher yaghoub

Ethics and moral principles are one of the important aspects of Islam and are of great importance. Therefore, in the Holy Qur'an, one of the goals of the mission of the Prophet (PBUH) is to educate and teach wisdom, and since the Prophet (PBUH) was in charge of the sove More

Ethics and moral principles are one of the important aspects of Islam and are of great importance. Therefore, in the Holy Qur'an, one of the goals of the mission of the Prophet (PBUH) is to educate and teach wisdom, and since the Prophet (PBUH) was in charge of the sovereignty of the Islamic religion, he behaved ethically and adhered to moral principles at various times. Among the scenes in which the Prophet was placed were times of war when they tried to observe moral principles What is considered in this article is what kind of behavior the Prophet (pbuh) had when he was in different scenes of war, and in fact, this issue is examined through the Qur'an and the historical biography of the Prophet (pbuh). What is obtained from this research is that, contrary to the opinion of the Orientalists who interpreted the Prophet's campaigns based on violence and gaining booty, the Prophet adhered to moral principles in his wars and tried his best to perform moral actions such as They should teach Muslims compassion and kindness, keeping promises, patience and perseverance, etc. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - apartheid; An example of violation of the rule of prohibition of discrimination. Focusing on moral values and looking at the Palestinian issue
Fatemeh Beigi Mirazizi Sattar Azizi Farid Azad Bakht Mohammad Javad Jafari

Discrimination is known as an international crime, the prohibition of which is a mandatory rule in international law and is a necessity in order to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms and guarantee his dignity and even in some cases to maintain international p More

Discrimination is known as an international crime, the prohibition of which is a mandatory rule in international law and is a necessity in order to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms and guarantee his dignity and even in some cases to maintain international peace and security. Therefore, the principle of prohibition of discrimination has a prominent role in the international human rights system. The Geneva Quadrilateral Conventions of 1949 and the Additional Protocols of 1977 contain provisions that expressly prohibit "adverse discrimination" against persons affected by armed conflict and occupation, and require equal treatment between certain categories of persons, such as the sick, and this is the first step in considering Making apartheid a war crime. After this first step, the human suffering caused by the political ideology of apartheid in South Africa during 1948 to 1994, which drew global condemnation and a variety of diplomatic and legal responses, led to the adoption of the Apartheid Convention in 1973 as a crime against humanity. And also, war crime became the first in Article 85 (4) (c) of the Additional Protocol. These international reactions did not stop even after the end of the apartheid era, and in 1998, apartheid was included as an example of war crime in the Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). Furthermore, paragraph 1 of Article 86 AP I, which obliges parties to suppress serious violations of the Protocol, ensures that apartheid is included as a war crime in the domestic criminal laws of many countries, and the destruction of apartheid in South Africa will not change this. In fact, it is the increasing (but debatable)use of the term apartheid in laws that makes Israel's actions in the Occupied Palestinian Territories(OPT)cause or even increase individual criminal prosecution in this context. In other words, although the inclusion of the Apartheid Convention on Israel's actions faces challenges, there are no such restrictions regarding the provisions of API. Manuscript profile

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