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Open Access Article
1 - Survey of Social Responsibility of Women Compared to Men (Case Study: Shiraz Financial Staff)
Seyedeh zeinab ghaemi bob anari MohammadReza MeygoonpooriThe social responsibility of the organization, which has been an issue of concern and an eye catching issue in recent years, is an essential factor for the survival of any organization. Demographic characteristics influence social responsibility. The purpose of this stu MoreThe social responsibility of the organization, which has been an issue of concern and an eye catching issue in recent years, is an essential factor for the survival of any organization. Demographic characteristics influence social responsibility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the social responsibility of women in comparison with men among the financial staff of Shiraz. The purpose of this study was to conduct a survey based on the purpose of applied research. The statistical population included the financial staff of Shiraz in 1398. The sample size of the study was 96 persons. A two-part questionnaire including Carroll's (1991) demographic and social responsibility questionnaire was used for data collection. In this study, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed and the reliability of the questionnaire was measured by Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed by means of independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Findings showed that the social responsibility of the financial staff was assessed. In addition, the findings of the study showed that there is a significant difference between the level of social responsibility with the variables of gender and education so that the tendency of women to social responsibility is higher than that of men. In the face of problems, they make more responsible decisions and take responsibility There is a significant difference among financial staff with master's degree than financial staff with associate's and bachelor's degree, and the results show that education is different in the two groups of men and women so that the average group of women is larger than the average group. However, there is no significant difference between social responsibility and marital status, work experience, and age. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Social Entrepreneurship in Higher Education: A Data-Based Study
hassan nadalipoor karimi fariba mohammad ali nadiSocial entrepreneurship as a branch of entrepreneurship has a key role in the sustainable development of society. Higher education, on the other hand, is considered a good course for fostering entrepreneurship. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to identify t MoreSocial entrepreneurship as a branch of entrepreneurship has a key role in the sustainable development of society. Higher education, on the other hand, is considered a good course for fostering entrepreneurship. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to identify the components of social entrepreneurship in higher education. The research approach is qualitative and in the research process the strategy of data foundation theory has been used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Roles of Citizenship Rights in Urban Political Development (Case Study: Tehran Metropolitan)
Afshin Mottaghi Mosayeb GharehBeygiToday, citizenship rights is one of the main requirements of democracy. The transition from military-authoritarian regimes towards a democratic governance has shown the necessity of paying profound to civil rights. Hence, investigation of civil rights in urban governanc MoreToday, citizenship rights is one of the main requirements of democracy. The transition from military-authoritarian regimes towards a democratic governance has shown the necessity of paying profound to civil rights. Hence, investigation of civil rights in urban governance can demonstrate important aspects of the quality of democracy dispersion in urban areas. The present study examined four indicators of "accountability", "transparency", "meritocracy" and "legalism" in the political management of metropolitan of Tehran and has tried to analyze the rights of citizens in the municipality of Tehran as the governing body and the city government. The study is an applied and descriptive survey. The sample of citizens selected according to the number of statistically based sampling formula Cochran, a total of 513 residents of the 6th district of Tehran. The number of regions in 2015 selected on the basis of cluster sampling method. The results show that on the basis of indicators of the research, satisfaction of citizens' civil rights has fallen and indicator of "legalism" is better than the three other indices, generally. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Government's Civil And International Responsibility For The Damages Caused By The Internet
Rasoul Malakooti Mona KhalilzadehInternet space is a territory in which time and place are meaningless in the conventional sense, so government sovereignty and control are not perfect. However, the government (in a sense) as the sole originator of the international (internet) point of contact in the MoreInternet space is a territory in which time and place are meaningless in the conventional sense, so government sovereignty and control are not perfect. However, the government (in a sense) as the sole originator of the international (internet) point of contact in the country, for the primary oversight of the licensing and provision of Internet services to legal entities such as ISPs or the transfer of sovereignty to some Attendees in cyberspace, including their agents and employees, or duties to ordinary citizens or to certain corporate actions, may have civil liability for damages resulting from the use of the Internet stewardship or retaliation. Also in international crimes that endanger world peace and security, the government will also have international responsibility as a result of acts of harm done personally or by private actors. Cyber-attacks as a Wrongful international act by the government with government bodies have been greatly reduced due to their ability to identify and attribute to the government, and governments are seeking to curb the These nongovernmental actors carry out such attacks in order to avoid responsibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Explaining the position of the President in the Constitution from the perspective of the efficiency of political institutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran
seyedreza shakeriPolitical institutions in the light of the evolution of political thought and theories can show new possibilities and limitations. The President has an important and decisive position in the Iranian Constitution, which stems from the direct vote of the people, the ratif MorePolitical institutions in the light of the evolution of political thought and theories can show new possibilities and limitations. The President has an important and decisive position in the Iranian Constitution, which stems from the direct vote of the people, the ratification of the Supreme Leader, the representation of Iran's national sovereignty in relation to other countries, and its symbolic national face.Today, when the power of states and governments has diminished and, instead, human and individual responsibilities have been highlighted in various spheres of society, politics, and economy and in common human issues, the position of the President, according to new readings, acquires such capacities.Today, as the power of states and governments has diminished and, instead, human and individual responsibilities have been highlighted in various spheres of society, politics, and economics and in common human issues, the position of the President, according to new readings, acquires such capacities.The question of this research is what is the role and position of the president in the constitution according to the efficiency indicators and how can this position be promoted in practice to increase his efficiency? The position of the President is studied in this article with the aim of recognizing and explaining the new possibilities of political action.This effort is based on the components of efficiency within the normative institutional theory. The results show that all the human and cultural content of Constitution can show and reveal new functional aspects for president according to those components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Legal and moarl effects of false advertising
we should account the advertising as a basic Element in the fate of countries, that role plays in both internal and International domain. Sometimes, the advertising is untrue, and includes some Properties that they are not in present goods or specific services .we can s Morewe should account the advertising as a basic Element in the fate of countries, that role plays in both internal and International domain. Sometimes, the advertising is untrue, and includes some Properties that they are not in present goods or specific services .we can study this kind of advertising, in different aspects. From these aspects, we can name the legal and moral effects of false advertisings on human rights, society and Audiences. If the ads contain false, they are searchable in Ethics, In addition to the contractual relationship as breach of contract, and in civil liability. The main question of this Article is that what legal liability for false advertising is, and what are effects on contract between the parties, and also what are morally adverse effects on the audience and the community Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Investigation The Alignment of moral values and organizational communication (Case of Study: Infrastructure communication co.)
MohammadThe aim of this study was to evaluate the alignment of moral values and organizational communication that the study was conducted in Telecommunication Infrastructure Company. Since no study has been done on the alignment of moral values and organizational communication MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the alignment of moral values and organizational communication that the study was conducted in Telecommunication Infrastructure Company. Since no study has been done on the alignment of moral values and organizational communication ، This study could reveal alignment moral values with organizational communication. Statistical Society is Managers and employees of Telecommunication Infrastructure Company، which according to the sample of 284 people were selected for sampling. The research method is survey. Data were collected through questionnaires and The research questionnaires، including questionnaires Hunt et al (1989)، Syngapkdy et al. (1996) and residents (1394) is used. The validity of the questionnaire was given to a number of specialists and senior managers and reached to confirm them and The Reliability of SPSS software through Cronbach test of reliability was demonstrated. The findings also showed، In the official relations only component in the ethical values of responsibility creates a direct and significant relationship and In informal relations components of commitment، fairness، responsibility and participation in a direct and significant relationship creates moral values and It was determined by regression analysis ، There is a alignment moral values and organizational communication Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Role of Islamic Work Ethics and Service Culture on Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Accountability, and Social Responsibility
Abolfazl GhasemzadehThe current research is done to investigate the mediatory role of Islamic work ethics (IWE) on relationship between Service Culture and Individual Accountability, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Social Responsibility among staff of Tabriz and Shahid- Madani Univ MoreThe current research is done to investigate the mediatory role of Islamic work ethics (IWE) on relationship between Service Culture and Individual Accountability, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Social Responsibility among staff of Tabriz and Shahid- Madani Universities. The statistical population was included of company staff among whom 200 Faculty’s member were selected using Cochran formula. The research method was descriptive– correlative method– and was applied standard questionnaires for gathering information. In order to evaluate relation between measured and latent variables in the conceptual model, the structural equation model was utilized. The results indicate that, there is a positive and significant correlation between these variables excepting the path of service culture and social responsibility. Moreover, the mediator role of IWE in relation between variables of service culture & social responsibility and also service culture & individual accountability was approved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Morals of pedagogy in Islamic life style
سیدعلی موسویThe main subject that has been noticed in this study is “Morals of pedagogy in Islamic life style”. Excessive importance of “life style” in people’s social, cultural and political lives, and also essential consequences of these life styles have been the center of atten MoreThe main subject that has been noticed in this study is “Morals of pedagogy in Islamic life style”. Excessive importance of “life style” in people’s social, cultural and political lives, and also essential consequences of these life styles have been the center of attention of scientists from different fields. Therefore scholars from various fields such as, sociology, psychology, cultural studies, anthropology, medicine and theology etc. have studied part of this concept from their own point of view. The term, itself is a product of modern world, in which, it is shaped by weakening structural variables such as, social class, choices, emotional behaviors. While in Islam, it is shaped through divine instructions, pedagogical role models and patterns which are the basis for formation of the person’s identity and existence. In the modern world, besides its features and evolutions such as, developments and improvements of technological and communicational equipment, Islam causes progress, prosperity and excellence of humanity by presenting its special life style. Current paper will study intents and purposes of pedagogy in Islamic life style, pattern and society based pedagogy in social life style, concept of responsibility and replacement of divine virtues in Islamic life style. The paper will also take a glance at the role of spirituality in upbringing of educated people and also the role of governments in formation of life style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Interpretive Structural Modelling of Commitment to Islamic Values, Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility in Iranian Food Manufacturing Companies
احسان سادهThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the role commitment to Islamic values in improving business ethics and social responsibility in food manufacturing companies. Business ethics are all of those principles and norms that determine the behavior of the organi MoreThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the role commitment to Islamic values in improving business ethics and social responsibility in food manufacturing companies. Business ethics are all of those principles and norms that determine the behavior of the organization. Islamic values and principles represent the way of a perfect and sublime life. Therefore, a business organization can not be separated from these lofty principles. Islamic ethics in is based on the principles are assigned by Islam to business owners towards all stakeholders (including employees, customers, partners and society). Corporate social responsibilities are the consequences of business ethics. If an organization from any kind industry has sufficient commitment to ethics in their activities, it could not forget its social responsibility. With purpose of investigating the role commitment to Islamic values in improving business ethics and social responsibility Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) was applied. The results indicated the 10 factors related to commitment of the organizations to Islamic value could be considered as the valuable infrastructure for business ethics and corporate social responsibility Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Principles and reasons for monitoring people in the constitution Emphasizing the ethical approach
Ali KazemzadehIn the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the most important area of oversight is the oversight of the rulers, since the harmful effects of leaving it far outweigh the effects of the abandonment of people's control over the people. Obviously, if we consider the gov MoreIn the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the most important area of oversight is the oversight of the rulers, since the harmful effects of leaving it far outweigh the effects of the abandonment of people's control over the people. Obviously, if we consider the government responsible for public order, the government's oversight of the people is more important than the other one. Legally, the oversight of the state and the governments is the duty of all citizens, and everyone is obliged to do the duty of good and forbidding the wrong both to the brokers and to the laws and regulations if they violate the rights of the people. These teachings should be accompanied by a precise explanation of the theoretical and practical boundaries so that it can produce a very useful and fruitful function. In Islam and the Islamic Republic, responsible government officials, orbital ethics, trustworthiness of power, error and inerrancy, and acceptance of republicanism, are the reasons for the oversight of power. This oversight does not accept any restrictions on government and government officials; rulers, governors, and Muslims with all of their high status are not excluded from this monitoring; in spite of this, Islam has established its social method and laws based on morality. It has focused on educating people based on ethical standards. The enforcement of laws has also led to moral education. This executive guarantee, like the internal police, is constantly and completely hidden in secret, unobtrusive, and inaccessible to human beings and prevents misconduct and error. Among the principles of supervision of people in the government in the constitution of the Islamic Republic is based on the principle of the eighth commandment to the famous and non-denominator, which is one of the social laws of the Islamic religion, which is obligatory on the basis of society, and the basis for the prevention and acceptance of this jurisprudence Islamic holy religion is the creation of a sense of public responsibility and universal supervision, in order to ensure the implementation of religious standards and to avoid the prevalence of corruption in society and the reform of affairs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The status of civil rights based on dignity in the doctrine of responsibility to protect in the light of international law
Doagu Hossein Seyyed Mohammad HashemiHuman rights and citizenship rights are derived from the inherent and natural rights of mankind, and they have received special attention throughout history. Although after more than half a century of United Nations life, in the era that we call the age of technology an MoreHuman rights and citizenship rights are derived from the inherent and natural rights of mankind, and they have received special attention throughout history. Although after more than half a century of United Nations life, in the era that we call the age of technology and communication, there are still many people from civil wars and ethnic strife, poverty and hunger, drought, lack of health, or even the most basic of living conditions. They lose their lives. The Doctrine of Responsibility for the Protection of Human Trafficking is a result of the widespread and systematic violations of fundamental human rights in the 1990s, as well as measures that provide a threat to peace reflected in the resolutions of the Security Council, in light of the Security Council's inherent duty of international peace and security, In fact, at the current stage, the response of the international community to the humanitarian disaster is reactive and passive. Still, there is a vacuum in the existence of a specific mechanism that can map the policy of a reasonable and yet reasonably effective and effective response to human crises. The "responsibility for protection" is, in fact, to provide a new, yet precisely-designed, strategy for the appropriate substitute for the "humanitarian intervention" challenge; the "responsibility for protection", however, is a completely different concept of humanitarian intervention. The set of actions to be taken under this doctrine includes three dimensions of responsibility for prevention, responsibility for responses and reconstruction responsibilities. This strictly humanitarian strategy is considered to protect and protect human rights and citizenship more and more. This strategy is a useful and effective solution for governments in crisis or crisis situations based on citizenship rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - A Comparative Study of the Stare's Ethical Responsibility Caused by Acts of Citizens in Iran and International Law
Doagu HosseinIn general, it is accepted as a principle that the damaging acts of persons are not attributable to the states. So not only states are not responsible for such actions, those who have committed them are held responsible. This is supported by the states doctrines and pra MoreIn general, it is accepted as a principle that the damaging acts of persons are not attributable to the states. So not only states are not responsible for such actions, those who have committed them are held responsible. This is supported by the states doctrines and practices as well as international legal procedures and decisions. The international responsibility of state with respect to the damage to other states and their subjects is limited to the acts of its own agents who are acting on behalf of it. However, there are certain circumstances if met the acts of persons can bring about responsibility for states. As stated in the article 8 of the international commission bill, the act of a person or a group of persons is regarded as the act of a state if it is done by the order or under control and guidance of the state. This demonstrates that the conditions of control and guidance are essential and if they are met action or inaction of a national can bring about responsibility for the respected state. The present dissertation studies the cases and forms of the responsibility of states for the acts of nationals within the realm of international and internal law. Furthermore, the actions that bring about responsibility for states are studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Ethical Evaluation and Validation of the Congressional Budget Office's Legal Responsibilities in Defining Annual Budgeting in the United States
Abbas Emami askar jalaliyan hosseen sadeghiThe process of US government approval is affected by the conditions, and many specialized departments in Congress, the Presidential Palace, and the Senate are examining it. This study examines the legal and ethical responsibilities of the Congressional Budget Office in MoreThe process of US government approval is affected by the conditions, and many specialized departments in Congress, the Presidential Palace, and the Senate are examining it. This study examines the legal and ethical responsibilities of the Congressional Budget Office in determining annual budgets in the United States. The method used in this study is descriptive-analytical and documentary approach was used for data collection. An important issue to consider with regard to the annual budget of the United States is that the Congressional Budget Office has tight control over the amount and manner of annual budget allocation so that one of the most important causes of congressional oversight of the US budget can be the ability of the Congressional Office to review. He knew the exact conditions. Although in many cases the annual budget changes in addition to imposing the opinions of experts on the office of the President and the Senate as well, the most important part of its approval is in Congress and the Budget Office plays a key role in its approval and approval. This means that regardless of the key role of the entity, the US budgeting process cannot be examined, since the primary task of determining and estimating annual budget and overseeing its proper implementation is spent in the United States. Under the 1974 Act, it is in charge of the Budget Office. Legally and ethically approved budgeting in the United States involves careful scrutiny of the budget, its performance, and its subtraction so that its budget office is legally and morally obliged to do all of its steps accurately. It should be noted, however, that its oversight role is less than that of qualified bodies in the Senate, which some scholars regard as the most important functional task of the budget office to properly and appropriately allocate funds. The appropriation is made by the Congressional Bureau to facilitate the approval process, so that it can be dealt with more quickly and with greater transparency in the final form of a joint meeting of the Senate and Congress. This illustrates the strategic role of the budget office in the process of approval, communication and oversight of the US budget. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Assessing the Impact of Level of Social Responsibility Disclosure on Banks' Financial Performance with Emphasis on Ethics
Mohammad Saadatnia Farhad Dehdar Mohammad Reza AbdoliCorporate Social Responsibility is a commitment beyond the legal and economic requirements in which the company addresses ethical issues and participates in economic development while improving the quality of the workforce on a broader scale, namely society and managing MoreCorporate Social Responsibility is a commitment beyond the legal and economic requirements in which the company addresses ethical issues and participates in economic development while improving the quality of the workforce on a broader scale, namely society and managing its business process Banking with the social and environmental consequences of investing is one of the most sensitive enterprises in terms of social responsibility, which is looking for the ethical banking movement for social and economic development in a society. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the level of disclosure of social responsibility on the financial performance of banks. For the purpose of this study, the data of 10 banks listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2011-2011 were analyzed using Eviews software. The findings show that the level of disclosure of social responsibility of banks has a positive and significant effect on EBITDA, as well as the level of disclosure of social responsibility of banks has a negative effect. And has a significant effect on the market value to book value (MTB) ratio. These results suggest the need for the central bank to establish standardized standards and the need for integrated reporting to disclose social responsibility in banks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Examining the moral responsibility and duties of the government towards responsibilities outside the will
Mohsen Lezgi Hossein Saberi Seyed Mohsen JalaliThe government's responsibilities towards involuntary civil responsibilities are important and fundamental issues that have not been addressed much. At the same time, the government's duties in this regard, given the growing importance of citizens' rights, are important MoreThe government's responsibilities towards involuntary civil responsibilities are important and fundamental issues that have not been addressed much. At the same time, the government's duties in this regard, given the growing importance of citizens' rights, are important and necessary issues for discussion. The main question that has been raised and examined in this article in the present article is what is the responsibility of the government from events from its moral and legal point of view? What are the jurisprudential principles, moral and legal principles, conditions and duties of the government towards responsibilities beyond its control? The present article is descriptive-analytical and examines the mentioned questions using the library method. The results of the article indicate that in Iranian law, the government is committed to responsibilities beyond its control. The theory of equality of citizens, the theory of distributive justice, the theory of guarantee of rights, the observance of the rule of justice and the theory of the insuring state are the moral and legal foundations of the government's responsibility for unintentional events. Lack of reason or his inability to pay the ransom, the judge's mistake in judging the government's duty in the event of an accident, and the government's obligation to pay the ransom for traffic accidents (bodily injury insurance fund). One of the most important examples is the responsibility of the government towards responsibilities beyond its control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Revision of the psychological pillar of crime in the crime of biodiversity and the Islamic view of it
seyed mahmoods mirkhalili Abuzar Salari FarGiven the harmful effects of environmental crime, lawyers are looking for solutions that greatly reduce these harmful effects and further deteriorate these crimes. Among the developments related to environmental crime in some legal systems in the world The evolution of MoreGiven the harmful effects of environmental crime, lawyers are looking for solutions that greatly reduce these harmful effects and further deteriorate these crimes. Among the developments related to environmental crime in some legal systems in the world The evolution of the concept of fault and the pillar of psychology, so that today, in many cases in environmental crimes, liability is criminal and legal without the need for a fault and psychological peculiarities of the perpetrator. The responsibility without fault Which is reflected in various forms in the legal literature, is to be ignored or implied The guilt of the guilty and the pillar is related to the perpetrator's ability to blame. Although the principle of innocence requires that the psychological element of the crime, as well as other elements of the crime, be proved, but in environmental offenses, given the importance of these crimes and the inescapable damages. Compensation in this regard after committing a crime and increasing the risk of committing a crime, will increase the level of supervision and in some way increase deterrence, and will adhere to the principles adopted in environmental law, such as the precautionary principle, the principle of prevention, the principle of payment by the polluter and the principle Compensation is consistent Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Comparative Study of Children and Adolescents’ Protection Law in Iran and Egypt
Maryam ShajiratThis study was conducted by reviewing the laws and regulations of Iran and Egypt concerning children and adolescents, and also international standards such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Beijing Rules as well to compare and analyze issues including MoreThis study was conducted by reviewing the laws and regulations of Iran and Egypt concerning children and adolescents, and also international standards such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Beijing Rules as well to compare and analyze issues including children and adolescents protection rules in Iran and Egypt, the minimum and maximum age of criminal responsibility, type and extent of criminal responsibility in different age groups in both Iran and Egypt. Then, the extent of compliance of two countries rules with international rules was assessed. Our results revealed that Iran has not complied with the principles of legislation in drafting the protection laws for children and adolescents. The adoption of numerous and dispersed laws in the pre and post revolution has undermined the principle of accessibility of the law, then these circumstances make it difficult to protect children and adolescents with It is a problem and finally prevent the realization of access to justice. In Egypt, the minimum and maximum age for criminal responsibility is 12 and 18 years, respectively, also the minimum age of civilian custody is 21 years, while in Iran’s law, there is not the same approach regarding minimum and maximum age of criminal responsibility due to punishments of crimes are classified into discretionary, retaliate. This result has controversy with international regulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Comparative Study of Children and Adolescents’ Protection Law in Iran and Egypt
Amin Jafari Maryam ShajiratThis study was conducted by reviewing the laws and regulations of Iran and Egypt concerning children and adolescents, and also international standards such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Beijing Rules as well to compare and analyze issues including MoreThis study was conducted by reviewing the laws and regulations of Iran and Egypt concerning children and adolescents, and also international standards such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Beijing Rules as well to compare and analyze issues including children and adolescents protection rules in Iran and Egypt, the minimum and maximum age of criminal responsibility, type and extent of criminal responsibility in different age groups in both Iran and Egypt. Then, the extent of compliance of two countries rules with international rules was assessed. Our results revealed that Iran has not complied with the principles of legislation in drafting the protection laws for children and adolescents. The adoption of numerous and dispersed laws in the pre and post revolution has undermined the principle of accessibility of the law, then these circumstances make it difficult to protect children and adolescents with It is a problem and finally prevent the realization of access to justice. In Egypt, the minimum and maximum age for criminal responsibility is 12 and 18 years, respectively, also the minimum age of civilian custody is 21 years, while in Iran’s law, there is not the same approach regarding minimum and maximum age of criminal responsibility due to punishments of crimes are classified into discretionary, retaliate. This result has controversy with international regulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Relationship between Human Nature and Moral Responsibility in Mulla Sadra
Mohammad Hosseinzadeh Azam Ghasemi Mohsen Javadi Hadi VakiliThe principles of the Transcendent Philosophy as well as empirical observations indicate that people are different from each other in their primary nature. This explains why they are different in terms of their free will and voluntary acts. The present paper investigate MoreThe principles of the Transcendent Philosophy as well as empirical observations indicate that people are different from each other in their primary nature. This explains why they are different in terms of their free will and voluntary acts. The present paper investigates Mulla Sadra’s view of the effects of human nature on their voluntary acts and examines its role in accepting responsibility. The formation of human nature in Mulla Sadra’s philosophy is different from that in other schools of philosophy. In the Transcendent Philosophy, the human nature originates in the material mode of the soul, and the differences among the natures of different human beings are rooted in the differences among corporeal substances. The attachment of this affair to the necessity of the cause-effect relation is the reason why moral responsibility is not explainable in Mulla Sadra’s philosophy. This problem poses certain challenges to Sadrian practical wisdom, the most important of which is the challenge of explaining the system of duty and recompense. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Rooting of Loose Engagement of Iranian Universities with Industry from the Higher Education Informants
reza mahdi masoud shafieeIf universities functioned in a stable environment, the demands for leadership would be modest. Mission, vision, programs, strategies, and policies could simply be put on automatic pilot. Automatic pilots don’t work for universities. Environment is in continual context, MoreIf universities functioned in a stable environment, the demands for leadership would be modest. Mission, vision, programs, strategies, and policies could simply be put on automatic pilot. Automatic pilots don’t work for universities. Environment is in continual context, and the results and consequences of these changes for the future of universities are profound. Sound, creative and empowering leadership is indispensable, and it spells the difference between productive, sustainable universities and those that are in continual crisis and failing. One need only reflect on the change that has come about in university over the last century. The very mission and scale of universities have been transformed. Universities are altering the ways and means of teaching and learning. New directions and methods in research and service to society are evolving. The costs-benefits of the academic enterprise are in continual fluctuation and open to challenge. The roles of faculty are different, as are campus cultures. The very definition of precisely who is served and touched by universities is in transition. Leading change is clearly the most difficult and taxing challenge faced by university managers and leaders. Occupying a position of leadership and exercising the role of manager and leader are entirely different.Too many positions of leadership are filled by those who occupy the chair and carry the title but fail to lead universities in ways that enable them to adapt to a demanding environment, optimize their mission, align with values, and produce a lasting contribution to society. It does not speak to the position of leadership, to title, or to mere survival skills; rather it speaks to the creative act, the behavior, the hard work, and the skill and competency of leadership and management Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Effect Of Corporate Social Responsibility On Financial Performance And Consumer Reactions In The Food Industries
This research is applied in light of aim, descriptive, survey-based, and field study in light of nature. Theoretical foundations of the research were collected through historical study and its data was obtained by means of random sampling and by aresearcher made questio MoreThis research is applied in light of aim, descriptive, survey-based, and field study in light of nature. Theoretical foundations of the research were collected through historical study and its data was obtained by means of random sampling and by aresearcher made questionnaire, which its total reliability was equal to 978%. The target statistical population of the research includes the managers and the major customers of the selected food firms in khuzestan province. The research sample consists of 540 individuals of managers and customers, who have been selected randomly. For responding the research question, testing the hypotheses and analyzing the collected data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, with SPSS and AMOS software, were employed. According to obtained results all research hypotheses have been confirmed, at 95% level of confidence. Furthermore, the research findings have revealed that the research model fits the data collected from the target statistical population.Thus, corporate social responsibility influences onfinancial performance directly and indirectly with the mediating effect of consumer reactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Effect of the Green human Resource Management on the Social Legitimacy with Mediating Role of social responsibility (Esfahan,s Mobarakeh Steel Company as a Case Study)
mojtaba farrokhi ali nasr esfahani ali safariThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Green human resource management on the social legitimacy through mediating variable of the social responsibility. This study is applied and the method of data collection, descriptive and correlational and base MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Green human resource management on the social legitimacy through mediating variable of the social responsibility. This study is applied and the method of data collection, descriptive and correlational and based on the methodology of structural equation modeling. The population consisted of 270 office workers were Esfahan,s Mobarakeh Steel Company has determined that the sample size by simple random sampling based on Grjsy and Morgan table, 159 individuals were determined. A questionnaire to collect information green human resource management and social responsibility are two standard questionnaires Galbraith (2010) and questioning the social legitimacy of a domain and colleagues (2013) were used. To assess the validity of the methods from teachers and experts and content validity using Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. Test of hypotheses using structural equation modeling by AMOS software was used. The results of the study showed that green HRM social legitimacy with path (0/49), human resource management, social responsibility Green on a path coefficient (0/69) as well as social responsibility over social legitimacy with path (0/78) impact resulting social responsibility as a mediator in human resource management influence green social legitimacy with path (0/53) is effective. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Investigating the relationship of corporate social responsibility disclosure and Intellectual capital with Considering the role of ownership status
Mohammad Sajjad Ghafourian ShagerdiThis study Investigating the relationship of corporate social responsibility disclosure and Intellectual capital with Considering the role of ownership status in companies listed on Tehran stock Exchange. this research is objectively, appliable and through the method of MoreThis study Investigating the relationship of corporate social responsibility disclosure and Intellectual capital with Considering the role of ownership status in companies listed on Tehran stock Exchange. this research is objectively, appliable and through the method of collecting and analyzing in the field of descriptive,correlational. The statistic sociaty population of this research,includes the firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange as 147 companies operating in various industries over the years 2011 to 2016 . To measure corporate social responsibility through content analysis and information on the check list,coding them and intellectual capital, by (Pulic model-2000) is used. The test assumptions of this study are regular multiple regression with utilizing the method of ordinary least squares (OLS) and using the Eviews software . According to the results of the mentioned test assumptions: there is a significant relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosure and intellectual capital. Also ownership status on the relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosure and intellectual capital had significant effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The Nature and Realm of Responsibility of Human from the Perspective of Sartre and Islamic View of Action
The aim of this study is a comparative analysis of the nature and the realm of responsibility from the perspective of Sartre and Islamic view of action. In order to do this, two methods of conceptual analysis and comparative analysis were used; using the method of conce MoreThe aim of this study is a comparative analysis of the nature and the realm of responsibility from the perspective of Sartre and Islamic view of action. In order to do this, two methods of conceptual analysis and comparative analysis were used; using the method of conceptual analysis, the nature of human responsibility, regarding to the nature of human and its freedom in both views, was examined and then, their similarities and differences were comparatively analyzed. The comparison was analyzed from four aspects of the origin of responsibility and the criteria (nature of responsibility), absolute/bounded responsibility and individual/social responsibility (realm of responsibility). First, despite the initial similarities between the two perspectives on the origins of responsibility, these are distinct by considering the concept of abandonment. Second, these two views, according to two aspects of the objective/subjective and absolute/relative of the responsibility criteria, are naturally different. Being absolute/ bounded, as the third component, makes the two views closer together in the responsibility realm. Fourth, individual/social responsibility of acts deals with the comparative study of this realm from another perspective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The status of massive open online courses (MOOCs) in breeding students' moral responsibility with an emphasis on actor- network philosophical theory
saeed zarghami hamrahThe goal of this research is investigate the position of MOOCs in breeding students' moral responsibility with an emphasis on actor- network theory. The present research is philosophical and conceptual and linguistic analysis and transgressive logical analysis. Document MoreThe goal of this research is investigate the position of MOOCs in breeding students' moral responsibility with an emphasis on actor- network theory. The present research is philosophical and conceptual and linguistic analysis and transgressive logical analysis. Documents analyzed included views of experts, books, background studies and related research in the field. Findings of the research showed; based on the theory of actor- network and the simultaneous function of man and technology and their interactions between each other, MOOCs is not a neutral tool and can has a dual position is constructive and unconstructive in breeding students' moral responsibility. On the one hand, through changing the role of the teacher and the student, the application of interactive approaches in teaching, the development of specific competencies and the development of educational justice have provided a basis for breeding responsibility. On the contrary, due to the non-presence, unconditional acceptance of all applicants, crowded classrooms, the existence of false identities and the possibility of unknowing learners have reduced student responsibility. Based on the theory of actor network and the intermediate, symmetric and network look at humans and artifacts, it can be concluded the technology of MOOCs through changing the nature, interests and intentions of the actors provides background for training their moral responsibility or irresponsible. But this lackage can be filled by interacting with the learning environment and using more than multimedia technologies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Analysis of Tourists’ Social Responsibility in Tourist Villages (Case study area: Tourist Villages of Khaf Township)
Hamdollah Sojasi QeidariInappropriate behavior and odd recreational activities by tourists may have direct or indirect negative impact on the destination. Reducing the negative effects of tourism on the environment is a priority and main concern. Accordingly, a responsible environmental behavi MoreInappropriate behavior and odd recreational activities by tourists may have direct or indirect negative impact on the destination. Reducing the negative effects of tourism on the environment is a priority and main concern. Accordingly, a responsible environmental behavior is important and necessary while achieving sustainable tourism development. This study was conducted in the spring of 2016 to analyze the social responsibility of rural tourists. The methodology was analytical-descriptive, using the library and field study (questionnaire). The study population comprised 228 tourists from 14 rural areas of Khaf. Data were collected using a stratified random sampling method with a questionnaire, which was based on the 5-fold elements of social responsibility in the literature. The reliability of the measurement tool was (0.869) based on Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The results and findings of this study suggested the sample stayed higher than the favorable average number of 3 in terms of social responsibility component. In other words, tourists visiting these villages feel more responsible towards the different aspects of rural attractions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - A Causal-Comparative Model for the Factors Influencing the Environmentally Responsible Behaviors; case of domestic and foreign tourists in Fars
Mohammad Hasan Seif Ahmad Rastegar Saeed Talebi Marzieh TajvaranIn recent years, environmental issues have received greater attention within academic circles and society. They have also become a major social issue for larger numbers of people than ever before. Thus, the role of gender is emphasized in environmental orientation. The MoreIn recent years, environmental issues have received greater attention within academic circles and society. They have also become a major social issue for larger numbers of people than ever before. Thus, the role of gender is emphasized in environmental orientation. The present study tried to examine the effective factors on the environmentalist behaviors of tourists in Fars. From the tourists who visited the province of Fars, 260 tourists were selected using the Cochran test. To enhance the credibility of findings, stratified random sampling was used and questionnaires were proportionally completed. All collected data were processed by SPSS software and were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that the highest total effects in tourists were the environmentalist behaviors and the lowest total effect was the ascription of responsibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Discovering the components of social responsibility for ecolodge managers in Iran
Sadegh Kazemian Gholamreza Malekzadeh Mahdi Farahi Alireza KhorakianEcolodge are one of the new topics in global tourism, social responsibility in the tourism industry and these resorts have created attractions for individuals and organizations. The purpose of this study is to explore the components of social responsibility in ecotouris MoreEcolodge are one of the new topics in global tourism, social responsibility in the tourism industry and these resorts have created attractions for individuals and organizations. The purpose of this study is to explore the components of social responsibility in ecotourism resorts in the country. This research has an interpretive philosophy, inductive approach, qualitative method and data-based strategy with an apparent approach. It analyze by Glaser coding method. The study population was the country's eco-tourism resorts, the quality treasury of the country's first-class resort managers, academic experts and senior officials of the country's tourism management. The study sample was 25 of these people. This research conduct from June 2019 to April 2020. In the theoretical coding stage, the extracted components and categories conceptualize based on the "dimensions" family. The results showed that social responsibility in ecotourism resorts includes 6 components and 23 categories. These components include community-based culture, law, community-based business, environmental attention, benevolence, and accountability to internal stakeholders. Each of these components helps managers understand what features they should focus on in eco-lodges in order to better implement social responsibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Civil liability and moral responsibility of governments in proportion to the exercise of their executive role
SEYEDAMIR ALEMOHAMMAD ali akbar gorjiThe role of the state in political society is the most important discussion of political philosophy about the state. However, whether we consider the origin of the state as a contract or the state as a natural phenomenon, the mission we ascribe to it can be raised to so MoreThe role of the state in political society is the most important discussion of political philosophy about the state. However, whether we consider the origin of the state as a contract or the state as a natural phenomenon, the mission we ascribe to it can be raised to some extent independently of the discussion of its origin. Theories related to the role of government can be divided into two main groups. The first group, which considers the limited intervention of the government in society, includes the school of liberalism and its different tendencies and perceptions. In this group, the role of the government is basically negative and deterrent, and government intervention in citizens' rights has an exceptional aspect that must be justified based on the basic concepts of freedom, justice and equality. It is the government. In these theories, the starting point of the discussion is society and the individual is considered a subject of society. However, in this group, too, there is a lot of respect for freedom. However, the provision of freedom is not possible except in the shadow of justice (especially distributive justice) and equality. The most prominent representative of this group is the school of socialism, which is very common in the political systems of Europe today. These roles of governments from a moral point of view have significantly affected the fate of individuals and economic actors and have sometimes caused great damage to them. Accordingly, it is necessary to examine the nature of the policies of these two groups in terms of being in the category of governance or enterprise, from a moral perspective, to examine the possibility of compensation and the basis of this compensation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Victims of Peace: UN Responsibility and Remedial Mechanisms
ghasem zamaniOccasional violations of international law occur as the United Nations and its peacekeeping forces carry out their important responsibility and mission for protecting global peace and security. Remedial mechanisms become more complicated when the actions of peacekeeping MoreOccasional violations of international law occur as the United Nations and its peacekeeping forces carry out their important responsibility and mission for protecting global peace and security. Remedial mechanisms become more complicated when the actions of peacekeeping forces are attributed to the UN as a result of certain principles of international responsibility. On the one hand, the UN’s responsibility toward victims of such violations requires the world body to be answerable while, on the other hand, its immunity to trial in national and transnational courts, has barred victims from taking legal action. Although the UN has taken steps to solve this problem in order to restore the credit it has lost as a result of the actions of its forces as well as its immunity, the proposed mechanisms have posed new challenges, thus, making the UN target of new criticism. Such criticism seems even more justified as a result of the promotion of human rights in international community and alterations in the aforesaid immunity. The present paper discusses the necessity of introducing new mechanisms or reforms by the UN which would make the existing mechanisms more efficient and fairer Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Mechanisms and Function of Transitional Justice: An Important Development in International Law
مهدی ذاکریان سيدرضي عماديThe concept of justice has been always among the most important concepts in domestic and international systems and great efforts have been made to administer it in both areas, especially after the World War II. Nonetheless, in most cases, justice has not been administer MoreThe concept of justice has been always among the most important concepts in domestic and international systems and great efforts have been made to administer it in both areas, especially after the World War II. Nonetheless, in most cases, justice has not been administered to leaders, especially in the Third World countries. The leaders and statesmen in these countries have never been held accountable for their inhuman acts which violate human rights as a result of their special position and by taking undue advantage of the concept of immunity. Since 2002, the Statute of the International Criminal Court has become binding for its Member States and this has been a major development in the administration of justice, especially with regard to political leaders with immunity and has paved the way for discussing the concept of transitional justice. The present article aims to expound the concept of transitional justice, its conditions, goals and mechanisms, as well as the impact of its enforcement on the restoration of peace and stability in transitional societies. The main argument of the article is that enforcement of transitional justice in transitional societies, especially by taking advantage of a combination of domestic and international courts, including the International Criminal Court, can pave the way for the restoration of calm and stability to transitional societies while sending a message to other totalitarian leaders who violate human rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - International Responsibility of OPCW to Foster Peaceful Cooperation
شاهرخ شاکریانThe Chemical Weapons Convention, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1992, constitutes the most important international legal instrument on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction. The present pa MoreThe Chemical Weapons Convention, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1992, constitutes the most important international legal instrument on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction. The present paper intends to explore the commitment of the Convention to fostering peaceful chemical cooperation as envisioned in Articles 8 and 11, and also to assess the international responsibility of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). Therefore, the main question of this paper is: “Under what conditions and according to what principles can this Organization be held responsible with regard to its commitment to fostering peaceful international cooperation in the field of chemical activities?” As discussed in this paper, according to the provisions of Article 11 of the Convention, the Organization is under definitive obligations to bolster international cooperation. The paper also shows that the measures taken by the Australia Group, whose members are also Member States of the OPCW, in expanding prohibitions and restrictions of the Convention are incompatible with the provisions of the Convention and, therefore, its members are in violation of the Convention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Intervention by Invitation in Domestic Unrest from Viewpoint of International Law with Emphasis on Bahrain Case
فریده شایگانIntervention by invitation has been always associated with the political objectives which seek to meet the interests of the interventionist state. International community has frequently witnessed such intervention not only during the Cold War era, but even after its ter MoreIntervention by invitation has been always associated with the political objectives which seek to meet the interests of the interventionist state. International community has frequently witnessed such intervention not only during the Cold War era, but even after its termination. Although there is no specific rule on this kind of intervention in international law, certain criteria for the assessment of the legitimacy of this intervention can be found in international law. Intervention of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates in Bahrain was accompanied with passive reaction and silence of the Security Council. This paper first studies the criterion that can be used to assess legitimacy of intervention by invitation and then studies the legitimacy of intervention in Bahrain both on the basis of the aforesaid criteria and in accordance with the principle of responsibility to protect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Change in Environmental Security in the Post-Cold War International Law
Seyed Abdolali ghavam Seyedeh Massoumeh MostafaviToday, environment as a bedrock for human prosperity, is considered one of the most important concerns for the international society and gradually has gained importance in the framework of security issues. Environmental international law is one of the emerging branche MoreToday, environment as a bedrock for human prosperity, is considered one of the most important concerns for the international society and gradually has gained importance in the framework of security issues. Environmental international law is one of the emerging branches of international law system which has been built upon soft law, that is a kind of law created based on declarations, manifestations, executive principles, etc, which lacks any firm legal sanctions. This article studies the commitments of contracting states sharing in light of changer in agricultural and environmental international law system along these lines, the most important agreements and international conferences regarding environmental security in the post-cold war era, including convention on Biological Diversity (Rio 1992), Protocol on Biological Security (Nairobi 2000s), the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (New York 1992) and Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (Stockholm 2001) have been examined. The findings show that in spite of the spectacular development of international law regarding the protection of environment in recent decades, the environmental damage’s compensation international law Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - International Responsibility of States and Attribution of Cyber-attack
رضا رحمتیIn the current age Net is an alternative of place in criminology, and violation of international law. Cyber space is new phenomena both in the scope of technology and in non-useful functions. Cyber-attacks and its sorts can cause physical damage and loss of life, becaus MoreIn the current age Net is an alternative of place in criminology, and violation of international law. Cyber space is new phenomena both in the scope of technology and in non-useful functions. Cyber-attacks and its sorts can cause physical damage and loss of life, because of this; it can be under the responsibility obligations of states. International responsibility of states (for example draft article of responsibility of state in internationally wrongful act) is one of the most important elements in the law of cyber-attacks. The first issue in the cyber-attack is the term of “force” and “attack”. Cyber-attack can be under the term of attack in international law. According to this concept, the main question is “do and to what extend cyber-attacks are attributable to conduct of state? To answer this question first we have to know the concepts of attack. Then which commentaries of article 2 (para 4) of United Nations Charter are useful to cyber-attack, finally the dilemma of recognition and attribution of root of attack is so important to applying of the law of responsibility of state. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The role of moral principles in climate obligations from the perspective of international law
Reza Maleki Masoud Raee DehghiDespite the existence of a legal regime to deal with climate change in the current era, the various consequences of climate change are increasing rapidly and the most negative effects are on the poor and marginalized people around the world. Considering the ineffectiven MoreDespite the existence of a legal regime to deal with climate change in the current era, the various consequences of climate change are increasing rapidly and the most negative effects are on the poor and marginalized people around the world. Considering the ineffectiveness of the government's legal responsibility institution in meeting climate commitments, what practical solutions can be considered to deal with this challenge? It seems that considering the uneven path of the legal system of international responsibility to deal with climate change, from the Structural Convention to Paris, it is possible to resort to the moral responsibility of governments by validating moral principles. In this article, with a descriptive and analytical method, after examining the legal regime of climate change and its challenges, ethical principles and its relationship with obligations related to climate change are discussed as a practical solution to deal with climate change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The mediating role of metacognitive beliefs in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity, responsibility and obsessive-compulsive symptoms
Morteza Aghaeimazraji Mahmoud Najafi Mina ShirmohammadaliThe purpose of this research was to determine the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs between anxiety sensitivity, responsibility and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the general population living in Tehran. The descriptive research method was correlation type (path MoreThe purpose of this research was to determine the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs between anxiety sensitivity, responsibility and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the general population living in Tehran. The descriptive research method was correlation type (path analysis). 300 people from among the general population living in Tehran city were selected through an internet call, according to the entry criteria in the accessible sampling method. The tools used in this research include the Revised Obsession Scale (OCI-R); (Foua et al., 2002), Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory (ASI) (Rice et al., 1986), Responsibility Attitude Scale (RAS); (Salkovskis et al., 2000) and metacognitive beliefs questionnaire (MCQ-30); (Wells, 1997). The data showed that anxiety sensitivity and responsibility have a direct and significant relationship with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and metacognitive beliefs have a mediating role in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and responsibility with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and the indirect effect of metacognitive beliefs in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity, Responsibility and obsessive-compulsive symptoms were significant.In general it can be concluded that anxiety sensitivity and responsibility can cause the emergence and continuation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms by increasing metacognitive beliefs. According to the research results and the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs in relation to obsessive-compulsive symptoms, planning to improve people's education in the field of anxiety sensitivity and responsibility can play an important role in reducing obsessive-compulsive symptoms through metacognitive beliefs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Social commitment in civic responsibility despite luxury goods
Seifollah Golijani Moghaddaam Asadollah Lotfi mahmud ghayumzadehIn order to issue a sentence for compensation, it is necessary to establish the relationship of causation, and if this relationship is not established, it is not possible to issue a sentence for compensation and hold one or more persons responsible. The requirements ari MoreIn order to issue a sentence for compensation, it is necessary to establish the relationship of causation, and if this relationship is not established, it is not possible to issue a sentence for compensation and hold one or more persons responsible. The requirements arising from this evidentiary rule are recognized as a legal obstacle to compensation. The relationship of causality can be assumed in various ways; This means that either a single agent was involved in the damage, or multiple factors, and in the case of multiple factors, or all of them participated in causing the damage, or all of them were involved as a cause, or some as a cause and Some of them have played a role in causing damage. In order to solve the problem in question, legal systems have presented various methods and solutions for the issuing of judgments and how to compensate the injured party, and Islamic jurisprudence has significant views in this field, which will be examined in the upcoming article. Opinions are paid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Role of Moral Character in Responsibility in Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas
Rahim Nobahar Mansooreh Ghanbarian BanooeeAristotle’s theory of moral responsibility, as a pioneer theory of ethics of virtue, presents a new approach to responsibility because of its particular attention to moral conduct. Aquinas, a follower of Aristotle, has provided a new interpretation of moral responsibili MoreAristotle’s theory of moral responsibility, as a pioneer theory of ethics of virtue, presents a new approach to responsibility because of its particular attention to moral conduct. Aquinas, a follower of Aristotle, has provided a new interpretation of moral responsibility with an emphasis on character and a focus on completely voluntary human acts and the role of apriori reflection on act. In the views of these two philosophers, moral agent is an agent who possesses knowledge, personality vice, and the ability to perform completely voluntary acts. Accordingly, children and animals are never subjected to moral evaluations because they lack such moral capacities and characters. Aristotle and Aquinas believe that the realm of moral agents, in addition to evil and virtuous people, includes restrained and non-restrained ones. Following a descriptive-analytic method, the present paper investigates the conditions under which the acts of moral agents are subjected to ethical evaluations in the views of Aristotle and Aquinas. Based on the findings of this study, those acts that become the subjects of moral responsibility must be done voluntarily based on the moral character of the agent as a non-accidental stimulus for act, even if they do not originate in deliberation and are not based on prior decision making. This is because sudden acts also originate in certain sources and function as clear references for moral evaluations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The Dichotomy of Autonomy and Authenticity in Education; An Autonomous or Responsible Person?
jalal karimian Narges Sajjadieh khosrow Bagheri Mahdi MontazerghaemAutonomy, a widely recognized ideal in the realm of education, has been subject to diverse interpretations. In its broadest sense, autonomy pertains to adhering to one's own laws. Imbued with significance by Kant, the progenitor of this notion within contemporary philos MoreAutonomy, a widely recognized ideal in the realm of education, has been subject to diverse interpretations. In its broadest sense, autonomy pertains to adhering to one's own laws. Imbued with significance by Kant, the progenitor of this notion within contemporary philosophy, autonomy is regarded as a descriptor of human volition, crucial for the establishment of an absolute moral code. This term finds a profound association with modern rationality. In contrast to autonomy, authenticity emerges as a concept that, while acknowledging human freedom as the aim of education, directs attention toward the actualization of freedom throughout the educational process and human development. In the contemporary era, educational conceptions of autonomy have presented various definitions attempting to elucidate the nexus between rationality and authenticity. However, the philosophical profundity of authenticity has received limited attention within these delineations. Within this context, Heidegger's explication of authenticity (or Eigentlichkeit) possesses the potential to deepen the ideal of autonomy within education. In his ontological existentialism, Heidegger conceives of authenticity as humanity's capacity to engage in spiritual contemplation, aligned with a profound understanding of existence as a meaningful totality, while acknowledging an ongoing connection with truth. Being authentic, therefore, implies openness toward Being itself and an earnest quest for truth within human life. Authenticity arises from a departure from the prescribed paths laid by others, leading toward a more fulfilled existence and facilitating an existential consciousness concerning Being-towards-death. The pursuit of this path necessitates an acceptance of the inner calling of human conscience, embracing fully one's ontological responsibility. Hence, authenticity and its concomitant truth-seeking nature become profoundly intertwined, ultimately serving as a complement to existing definitions of autonomy. Therefore, as a consequence, authenticity emerges as a foundational principle, serving as a guiding light that elevates human responsibility to the forefront as the central objective and primary pathway within the realm of educational pursuits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The Value-Creating Effect of Parenting Literacy on the Academic Resilience and Academic Progress with the Mediation of Responsibility
mm delaviz homam moayedfar ghamar Kiyaniparenting literacy is a new model in upbringing sciences and educational management that parents can support their children in various matters by improving their knowledge and skills, and parents have the greatest social influence on their children even beyond teachers Moreparenting literacy is a new model in upbringing sciences and educational management that parents can support their children in various matters by improving their knowledge and skills, and parents have the greatest social influence on their children even beyond teachers and schools. This study examines the relationship between parental literacy and academic resilience with the mediation of responsibility among secondary school students in Karaj city. The method of this research is multivariate correlation and structural equation type. In total, 389 participants, students and 389 of their mothers, were selected by random stratified cluster sampling method based on gender in the academic year of 1401-1400, and they were asked to fill in the Alabama Parents' Literacy Questionnaires (Frick,1996), the responsibility of Nemati teenagers (1378), academic resilience of Samuels (2008) and the Saleh i’s academic progress questionnaire (2014) answered. The findings showed that parental literacy and its components have a direct effect on academic reflection and responsibility(p<0.05). Responsibility has a direct effect on academic resilience(p<0.05). parenting literacy has an indirect effect on academic resilience and academic progress through the mediation of responsibility(p<0.05), so it can be concluded that parenting literacy and its components can increase responsibility in students Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Consumer Rights Of Food Products
Mahvash Abolghasem Kashanimanufacturers produce unhealthy and defected works that not only wastes our resources but also makes a poor economy that leave us in a vulnerable state in this ever-Due to the uncompetitive economic status of our country, some food developing world. The most important m Moremanufacturers produce unhealthy and defected works that not only wastes our resources but also makes a poor economy that leave us in a vulnerable state in this ever-Due to the uncompetitive economic status of our country, some food developing world. The most important matter to be considered is that it inflicts damage on the community health, while it distorts the public discipline and change the balance between production and consumption. Introduction of basic customer rights across Europe, triggered formulation of a special law for protecting customers in Iran. However, it is imperfect due to the ambiguous method of compensating for losses. Hence, based on the principle of no harm, this essay tends both to find a legally protective umbrella for customers and develop a robust economy as a remedy for the inefficient laws enacted regarding civil liability and protecting customers against the complications of market. For this purpose, this essay introduces a food manufacturer as a sufficient and primary cause that inflict harm, and specifies that the manufacturer’s failure plays role only in ascertaining of the causal link; It also set asides the liability resulting from food production failures and substitute it with manufacturers’ sense of responsibility for the final results , safety assurance, and a perfect responsibility based on legal and jurisprudential principles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - A survey of ethical attitudes towards collaborative criminal justice
Mohammad Jamadi Ali Janipour Karam Janipour Dariush BabaieJustice is one of the oldest concepts that mankind has known since the beginning of its civilization and has tried to establish it. Justice has different forms, which can be referred to as social, political, economic, etc. In this, criminal justice is of special importa MoreJustice is one of the oldest concepts that mankind has known since the beginning of its civilization and has tried to establish it. Justice has different forms, which can be referred to as social, political, economic, etc. In this, criminal justice is of special importance. Scientists and experts in social sciences have considered several factors effective on criminal justice, among which principles such as the principle of acquittal and the principle of legality of crimes and punishments, as well as the personal nature of criminal responsibility, are important, but criminal responsibility is of particular importance among them. It is necessary to carry out serious scrutiny in this regard and conduct ethical attitudes towards criminal justice, especially collaborative criminal justice, in a scientific manner. Ignoring the areas of moral responsibility in the field of criminal justice violates the right of those referring to the judicial system and causes injustice. Therefore, paying attention to the character and human dignity of people is a necessity of collaborative criminal justice. The present article deals with the ethical attitudes in the field of collaborative criminal justice with a library method and has answered many unknowns in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - A research on the ideological foundations of responsibility and commitment in the case of brief sources
Seifollah Golijani Moghaddam Asadollah Lotfi mahmud ghayumzadehAmong the topics discussed in the field of responsibility are the intellectual and thought foundations raised in this field. This theory has been proposed by Imamiyyah jurists that if responsibility and commitment are given to different people, how much adherence to bel MoreAmong the topics discussed in the field of responsibility are the intellectual and thought foundations raised in this field. This theory has been proposed by Imamiyyah jurists that if responsibility and commitment are given to different people, how much adherence to beliefs is involved in fulfilling commitment and responsibility. delivered They believed that when several factors jointly cause injury or damage, the responsibility for compensation is divided equally among them, regardless of the degree of fault or influence of the parties. However, the degree of involvement of belief and ideological foundations in adherence to duty and responsibility is a matter that has many ambiguities and has created many questions in this field. In the current research, the issue of commitment and responsibility has been addressed from this point of view and it has resulted in important achievements. Manuscript profile
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