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Open Access Article
1 - Petrology, geochemistry and ore potential of the Samen granitoid (SW Malayer, Hamedan)
Hassan Zamanian Farhad Ahmadnejad Akram Krami TaghipourThe Samen granitoid is located along the northwestern part of the Sanandaj- Sirjan Zone in the Southwestern of Malayer. Based on mineralogical and geochemical characteristics, five main facies have been recognized in the Samen granitoid which included granodiorite, monz MoreThe Samen granitoid is located along the northwestern part of the Sanandaj- Sirjan Zone in the Southwestern of Malayer. Based on mineralogical and geochemical characteristics, five main facies have been recognized in the Samen granitoid which included granodiorite, monzogranite, syenogranite, alkali-feldspar granite and quartz-monzonite. Granodiorite is the main facies of the pluton and is more wide spread than other facies. Geochemistry of major elements indicates that the Samen granitoid is metalomious (ACNK=0.75) to peralomious (ACNK=1.21) and is classified as volcanic arc granites (VAG) related to active continental margins and petrochemically belongs to calc alkaline with high K rock series. Depletion in Nb, Zr, Hf, Y, Ti and HREE and enrichment in K, Rb, Cs, Th and LREE is consistent with an arc setting related to the subduction of Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust beneath the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. The pluton has been contaminated by interaction with upper crust. In the Samen district both calcic exoskarn (grossular-andradite/augite-diopside) and endoskarn (tremolite-actinolite/epidote) occur along the contacts between granitoid and marble. The present study indicates that geochemical characteristics of the granodiorite and quartz-monzonite Samen rocks are similar to the averages for Au-Cu- and Fe- skarns granitoids, whereas the geochemical characteristics of the monzogranite, syenogranite and alkali-feldspar granite are similar to averages for Sn- and Mo-skarn granitoids. Based on oxidizing conditions and magma evolution, the Samen granitoid is characterized by relatively unevolved to moderately evolved and oxidized suites, as in most Au-Cu core metal associations globally. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The role of silica fractal distribution in textural evolutions and gold mineralization processes in Ramand region (Qazvin Province)
SeydReza MehrniaRamand region is a part of Urmia-Dokhtar magmatic belt that is located among a variety of crossed faulted structures and magmatic occurrences including Paleogene rhyolite and rhyodacite formations as the major related host units to hydrothermal ore deposits. Different k MoreRamand region is a part of Urmia-Dokhtar magmatic belt that is located among a variety of crossed faulted structures and magmatic occurrences including Paleogene rhyolite and rhyodacite formations as the major related host units to hydrothermal ore deposits. Different kinds of clayey, silicified and Fe-rich alterations indicate a post magmatic vein type mineralization potential along Ramand crushed zones and structures. Well-developed alterations have been extended around volcanic extrusions with variety of textural zonation in quartz and chalcedonic vein systems similar to epithermal deposits. This research introduces a fractal based technique (Area-Concentration function) to obtain the priority map of Au-mineralization with an emphasis on quartzitic-pyritic textural evolutions in Ramand region. As a rule, self-organized crystallized textures (such as crustiform quartz) have more valuable ore content than glassy textures (vitrophiric), because of stepwise enrichment advantages in the hypogenic environment of epithermal deposits. Litho-geochemical sampling is the main and prior procedure for studying quartz textural zonation as well as instrumental quantitative measurement of the elements. Results showed a volcanic hosted formation with crustiform quartzitic textures is mineralized in the western part of Ramand region. Mineralized veins are specified by silica nonlinear distribution (SiO2) related to textural evolutions in the quartz-hematite facies (Au=820 ppb) as the main targets for detail explorations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Hydrochemical evaluation and qualitative deterioration assessment of Gorganrud River
Mojtaba G.Mahmoodlu Nader Jandaghi Maryam SayadiIn this study, the hydrochemical evolution and qualitative deterioration of Gorganrud River water were investigated in a distance of approximately 100 km from the northern margin of the Alborz highlands to Gorgan Gulf. For this purpose, the analysis results of elven phy MoreIn this study, the hydrochemical evolution and qualitative deterioration of Gorganrud River water were investigated in a distance of approximately 100 km from the northern margin of the Alborz highlands to Gorgan Gulf. For this purpose, the analysis results of elven physicochemical parameters related to four hydrometric stations over a ten-year statistical period were used. Gibbs, Stiff, Piper, Durov diagrams as well as five saturation indices for carbonate, sulfate and chloride minerals were used to study the hydrochemical evolution of the river. Water quality changes in drinking (using Schoeller Diagram), agricultural (using Wilcox Diagram), and industrial (using corrosion indices) sectors along the Gorganrud River were also investigated. In this study, F test and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to analyze the variance of data and the number of factors affecting water hydrochemistry, respectively. The results showed that rock-water reaction, evaporation, and Gorgan Gulf saline water intrusion are the most important factors controlling the river water chemistry. Also, the water dominant type of Gorganrud River at the highlands margin is bicarbonate and as it enters the plain, it tends to reach full maturity, the type of sodium chloride. At all stations, river water is supersaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite but it is under saturated respect to anhydrite, gypsum and halite. However, evaporite minerals saturation increases in the flow direction. The quality of water for drinking and agriculture is suitable at the margins of highlands and as it enters the plain and the path to the Gorgan Gulf decreases sharply. According to the statistical analysis results, the most changes in physicochemical parameters are obtained between the Lazoure Station at the highlands margin and the Qazaghli Station in the middle part of the plain and after that no significant changes were observed between the quality parameters until Gorganroud outlet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - THE BEGINNING OF PERSIAN MYSTICAL POEM
Alireza FouladiThis article is surveying two theories about persian mystical poem. One is the evolutionist theory, that believes, emergence of this kind of poem is the result of the evolution of Ascetic poem and the other, is the cohersivist theory which believes that there is coheren MoreThis article is surveying two theories about persian mystical poem. One is the evolutionist theory, that believes, emergence of this kind of poem is the result of the evolution of Ascetic poem and the other, is the cohersivist theory which believes that there is coherent background for emerging mystical poem. Studying the backgrounds of persian mystical poem within non-mystical one, mystical Arabic and Persian prose, Arabic and Persian mystical poem made this writing as a field of expressing the theory of cohersivists. This discussion with introducing some of beginners of this type of peom will be ended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigating the Role of Conceptual Metaphors in the Evolution of literary styles (Relying on Body Metaphors in Farrokhi Sistani, Anvari, and Hafiz's poems)
Mohammad Taheri Masoumeh ArchandaniThe conceptual metaphor is the mind’s technique for conceptualizing affairs. The mind tries to conceive and contemplate some intangible affairs for itself with the help of this fundamental construct. Hence, it is expected that by changing it, we will also see a change i MoreThe conceptual metaphor is the mind’s technique for conceptualizing affairs. The mind tries to conceive and contemplate some intangible affairs for itself with the help of this fundamental construct. Hence, it is expected that by changing it, we will also see a change in thought-related macro-systems. Among these macrosystems are literary styles that have many factors involved in changing them. This article tries to answer the question of how the change of conceptual metaphors in time has an effect on the change of literary styles through analytical-descriptive method. To answer it, we trace the conceptual metaphors related to the body, which include the words "hand, eye, heart and head", in a selection of poems by Farrokhi Sistani, Anvari and Hafez. By analyzing the obtained information, we conclude that conceptual metaphors have undergone significant changes over time that are in line with the evolution of literary styles and are variables affecting the evolution of styles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Handwritten Digits Recognition Using an Ensemble Technique Based on the Firefly Algorithm
Azar Mahmoodzadeh Hamed Agahi Marzieh SalehiThis paper develops a multi-step procedure for classifying Farsi handwritten digits using a combination of classifiers. Generally, the technique relies on extracting a set of characteristics from handwritten samples, training multiple classifiers to learn to discriminat MoreThis paper develops a multi-step procedure for classifying Farsi handwritten digits using a combination of classifiers. Generally, the technique relies on extracting a set of characteristics from handwritten samples, training multiple classifiers to learn to discriminate between digits, and finally combining the classifiers to enhance the overall system performance. First, a pre-processing course is performed to prepare the images for the main steps. Then three structural and statistical characteristics are extracted which include several features, among which a multi-objective genetic algorithm selects those more effective ones in order to reduce the computational complexity of the classification step. For the base classification, a decision tree (DT), an artificial neural networks (ANN) and a k-nearest neighbor (KNN) models are employed. Finally, the outcomes of the classifiers are fed into a classifier ensemble system to make the final decision. This hybrid system assigns different weights for each class selected by each classifier. These voting weights are adjusted by a metaheuristic firefly algorithm which optimizes the accuracy of the overall system. The performance of the implemented approach on the standard HODA dataset is compared with the base classifiers and some state-of-the-art methods. Evaluation of the proposed technique demonstrates that the proposed hybrid system attains high performance indices including accuracy of 98.88% with only eleven features. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Predicting Women's Mental Health Shiraz City Based on Seven Evolutionary Lifestyles
soode dashtiane kazem khorramdelThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between seven components of women's lifestyle (sleep, omega-3 intake, exercise, sunlight, and socialization, using cyberspace and using traditional media) with their mental health according to an evolutionary point of vie MoreThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between seven components of women's lifestyle (sleep, omega-3 intake, exercise, sunlight, and socialization, using cyberspace and using traditional media) with their mental health according to an evolutionary point of view. The statistical population included women over 18 years old living in Shiraz in 1398-99, of which 182 women answered the questionnaires by sampling. Lifestyle questionnaires and Hopkins syndrome were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using two tests of Pearson correlation coefficient and regression coefficient using SPSS-26 software. The results showed that in general, omega-3 consumption has a significant Curved linear dual relation with mental health. Among the subscales of the Hopkins sign, sleep also showed a significant positive relationship with somatization and obsessive-compulsive disorder. It can be seen that women's lifestyle has a great impact on their mental health, their children, and maintaining the physical and mental health of the family. Promoting a lifestyle that is more in line with women's evolutionary past is a more plausible perspective that can improve their mental health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evolutionary Anthropology and Its Ethical Deadlock: Emphasizing on Golden Rule
The study on the creation of human being and its ethical implication is a significant philosophical issue that many philosophical text deal with it. Evolutionary perspective toward the creation of human being as modern scientific theory has faced many challenges in gene MoreThe study on the creation of human being and its ethical implication is a significant philosophical issue that many philosophical text deal with it. Evolutionary perspective toward the creation of human being as modern scientific theory has faced many challenges in general and ethical problem in particular. According to some theist philosophers and theologians there are inconsistency between theistic ethical perspective and evolutionary perspective regarding human creation. The aim of this paper is to deal with inconsistency challenge. The writer will attempt to display how evolutionary theory on human creation is inconsistent with theistic ethical perspective. The research is based on ethical golden role and takes it a right ethical position. Evolutionary perspective of human nature invites human being toward self-centered interest while human nature display concern over others` interest. The golden rule is main feature of human life and culture that display man`s concerns about other human being and mutual profit Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Justice Based on Emerged Conventions: A Critical Analysis of Skyrms’ Idea of Social Contract
Last two decades، some philosophers of social sciences and economists showed their interest in evolutionary explanations of Justice. Brian Skyrms is one of great contributor of these explanations. His two major works، Evolution of the social contract (1996) and stag hu MoreLast two decades، some philosophers of social sciences and economists showed their interest in evolutionary explanations of Justice. Brian Skyrms is one of great contributor of these explanations. His two major works، Evolution of the social contract (1996) and stag hunt and evolution of social structure (2004)، are attempting to lay such explanations of justice by evolutionary game theory. The purpose of this paper is to present and evaluate the analytical framework and foundations of Skyrms’ idea. Accordingly، the paper، based on theoretical and analytical method، finds basic building blocks of Skyrms’ account of the social contract and then examines those foundations. Research findings show that skyrms seeks to naturalization of concepts such as justice; Project that meet with shortcomings such positive conception of values and inner inconsistency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Reviews of the theory of "Spirited Bodies" from the perspective of the Shi'a narrations (Relying on Nahj)
safar nasiriyanThe theory of "Spirited Bodies" is a theological theory of the human nature. Opinion is sharply divided over this issue. This theory, based on the theory of evolution and Physical and experimental findings. Nancey Murphy argues for a physicalist account, but one that do MoreThe theory of "Spirited Bodies" is a theological theory of the human nature. Opinion is sharply divided over this issue. This theory, based on the theory of evolution and Physical and experimental findings. Nancey Murphy argues for a physicalist account, but one that does not diminish traditional views of humans as rational, moral, and capable of relating to God. Murphy is invited to appreciate the ways in which organisms are more than the sum of their parts. But this theory according to Shi'a narrations particularly Nahj ,comming in the text of the article, is not acceptable Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - the theory of evolution and human creation; Reviews of views Allameh Tabatabei and Yadollah Sahabi
mahdiye tabatabae Mohammad Saeedi MehrSince its development by Darwin, the theory of evolution has always been debated for its harmony or incompatibility with the scriptures, especially in terms of its inclusion of human creation. The story of Adam's creation in religious books, including the Qur'an, made i MoreSince its development by Darwin, the theory of evolution has always been debated for its harmony or incompatibility with the scriptures, especially in terms of its inclusion of human creation. The story of Adam's creation in religious books, including the Qur'an, made it possible for religious scholars to take different positions on this theory. This article examines the views of two contemporary Iranian thinkers, Mohammad Hussein Tabatabai and Yadollah Sahabi, on the relation between the theory of evolution and the Qur'an's account of human creation. Sahabi accepts this theory and takes it compatible with the Qur’an and Tabatabai maintains that if it were totally confirmed, it does not contradict the verses of the Qur'an. It seems that the reason for their positions was their attention to some (and not all) dimensions of this theory that do not contradict the definitive religious doctrines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Toward finding the comparison between evolution in contemporary and historical home in Sanandaj
Azadeh AghalatifiWe live in an era which the change is a main part of it, and this is due to the successive developments in architecture. But everything in a city is not equally affected by changes, and home, the place that is more closely associated with human life, has undergone a lot MoreWe live in an era which the change is a main part of it, and this is due to the successive developments in architecture. But everything in a city is not equally affected by changes, and home, the place that is more closely associated with human life, has undergone a lot of change. The present paper attempts to focus on historic and contemporary homes of Sanandaj, offering a reading that goes beyond the physical and into local living culture. The research adopts a qualitative approach on three levels: an analysis of the town’s general characteristics and its effects on houses, as well as an analytic-descriptive comparison between some examples, and finally an analysis based on compatibilities of local living culture and architecture through deep, semi-structured interviews. The results show that the main distinct features of Sanandaj homes are their relation with nature, the attention paid to exterior views whilst keeping privacy, the importance of the semi-opened space in them and the spatial hierarchies. However, the continuity of these features in the contemporary homes is vague. Thus, it can be claimed that changes in the city and the external form of buildings in one hand and interior space, in the other hand, indicate a lack of dependence of contemporary home on traditional architecture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - A Comparative Analysis and Explanation of the Creation of the World in the View of Ionian Philosophers
Mohammad AkvanThe creation of the world, which is an important and contradictory problem with an eventful historical background, has always attracted the attention of human beings and aroused their enthusiasm and curiosity since ancient periods. This problem has been investigated in MoreThe creation of the world, which is an important and contradictory problem with an eventful historical background, has always attracted the attention of human beings and aroused their enthusiasm and curiosity since ancient periods. This problem has been investigated in four epistemological areas: mythological cosmology, philosophical cosmology, monotheistic worldview, and scientific cosmology. Each of these disciplines has dealt with the creation of the world and its phenomena based on its own principles and methodology and introduced its particular bases of cosmological system. In this study, the process of the creation of the world and natural phenomena has been probed in the philosophical-cosmological view of Ionian philosophers, including Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes. In doing so, the author initially examines the principles of the quality of going beyond a mythological view towards a philosophical approach regarding the problem of creation through focusing on the historical trend of the development of theogonic view into a cosmogenic one, the quality of the change of personal explainers into non-personal ones, leaving mythological particularism behind and developing universal philosophical concepts, and then compares their methods and methodological approaches. Thales and Anaximenes have both explained the issue of creation based on the “change and evolution” of the prime matter of “water” and “air”, and Anaximander has done so based on the “separation” of objects from the first principle of apeiron. Thales and Anaximenes consider all existents and objects as the qualities of prime matter, while Anaximander grants an objective existence to qualities and deems them to be among real existents. Toward the end of this paper, the author tries to provide answers to the questions of how the structure and nature of the world and natural phenomena are formed in the view of Ionian philosophers, how existents and objects are created and annihilated, and whether there is a single origin and a prudent intellect called the Divine Element beyond all changes and evolutions, the turning of material elements into each other, and the detachment of objects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - A Study of the Philosophical Elements of Platonic-Plotinian Tradition in Khwājah Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī’s Philosophy
Seyed Morteza HonarmandAfter the rise of Islam, philosophy and wisdom in Iran and in other corners of the world of Islam were united with Greek philosophy and interacted with it through the Translation Movement. Khwājah Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī was of the prominent thinkers of the world of Islam who MoreAfter the rise of Islam, philosophy and wisdom in Iran and in other corners of the world of Islam were united with Greek philosophy and interacted with it through the Translation Movement. Khwājah Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī was of the prominent thinkers of the world of Islam who became familiar with Greek philosophy and enriched it in the light of his innovations through the Peripatetic Philosophy and the works of Fārābī and Ibn Sīnā. Now, the question is which of the philosophical elements of Greek wisdom, particularly the Platonic-Plotinian tradition, is more visible in Ṭūsī’s philosophical-kalāmī thoughts. This study, which was carried out following a descriptive-analytic method and through exploring Ṭūsī’s works, concludes that this presence and similarity have emerged in different forms, including: 1) complete acceptance of Greek views without any change though with some displacement of Greek views, such as the most logical problems, the discussion of the ten-fold categories, the four-fold causes, and classifications of sciences; 2) completion, change, and addition of some arguments for demonstrating the previous views, such as the problem of impossibility of endless chain, immateriality of the soul, proving the Necessary, oneness of the Necessary, impossibility of the emanation of many from the one, union of the intellect and intelligible, and the substantial nature of archetypes, and 3) the change of the content and nature of Greek views while preserving their old names, such as Platonic Ideas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - A New Approximate Analytical Method for Performance Analysis of Regular LDPC Codes Iterative Decoding on AWGN Channels
H. Samimi P. Azmi Mohammad hakakIn this paper we propose a new Gaussian-based analytical method for performance analysis of regular LDPC codes iterative decoding on AWGN channel. The proposed method has good accuracy and low complexity in comparison with current methods. Based on our developed analyti MoreIn this paper we propose a new Gaussian-based analytical method for performance analysis of regular LDPC codes iterative decoding on AWGN channel. The proposed method has good accuracy and low complexity in comparison with current methods. Based on our developed analytical equations, we present an error propagation model for the iterative decoder of LDPC codes which can be used as a simple tool for convergence analysis of LDPC codes on the AWGN channel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - A Hybrid Evolutionary Based Algorithm for HVAC-HVDC Transmission Expansion Planning Considering Losses and Security Constraints
S. Seyedshenava H. Seifi S. M. SepasianA hybrid genetic algorithm (GA)–simulated annealing (SA) approach, incorporating Differential Evolution (DE), fencing method (FM) as well as implicit enumeration method (IEM) is proposed in this paper for transmission expansion planning (TEP) of a grid, involving both H MoreA hybrid genetic algorithm (GA)–simulated annealing (SA) approach, incorporating Differential Evolution (DE), fencing method (FM) as well as implicit enumeration method (IEM) is proposed in this paper for transmission expansion planning (TEP) of a grid, involving both HVAC and HVDC links. The use of these algorithms makes a robust proposed approach by which for a hybrid HVAC-HVDC network, TEP may be performed fast and accurately. The proposed approach is assessed and evaluated for three test systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - A Hybrid Heuristic Algorithm for Optimal Power Flow in HVAC/HVDC Transmission Networks
S.J. Seyed-Shenava H. Seifi S. M. SepasianIn this paper, a model is presented for the optimal power flow of an HVAC/HVDC transmission network. OPF is a fundamental tool in power system operation and planning. The model proposed for optimal power flow includes network control parameters settings and HVDC links p MoreIn this paper, a model is presented for the optimal power flow of an HVAC/HVDC transmission network. OPF is a fundamental tool in power system operation and planning. The model proposed for optimal power flow includes network control parameters settings and HVDC links parameters tunings. Also, excessive equipment installation for appropriate operation of the network is minimized, while the network security margin is maximized. To solve the proposed model, a hybrid evolutionary algorithm by combining Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Differential Evolution (DE) is proposed. The methodology is tested on IEEE-30 test system and compared with the results from other OPF techniques. Also the impact of HVDC links on OPF studies is illustrated by numerical examples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Transmission Expansion Planning in a Deregulated Power System Using Multiobjective Differential Evolution Algorithm
f. rashidiTransmission lines are widely used for transferring electrical energy from power plants to loads, interconnecting load centers and improving reliability of power systems. Due to recent society developments, the need for electrical energy has increased which in turn requ MoreTransmission lines are widely used for transferring electrical energy from power plants to loads, interconnecting load centers and improving reliability of power systems. Due to recent society developments, the need for electrical energy has increased which in turn requires more investment in constructing additional electrical transmission lines. Power system restructuring and deregulation has increased uncertainties in transmission expansion planning and made investment in electrical transmission lines more complicated and less appealing for private parties. This paper proposes a new approach for transmission line expansion planning in deregulated networks. To do that, a multi objective programming problem which consists of various objective functions such as minimizing capital investment for constructing new transmission lines, minimizing congestion in transmission lines and maximizing the investment from private parties is suggested such that access to competitive, economic and reliable energy market is facilitated. To solve the proposed multi objective optimization problem, the Pareto differential evolution algorithm is used. Applying this algorithm to the proposed multi objective programming problem generates set of optimal plans that shows the best compromise between objective functions. The final plan, among the generated plans, is selected using a max-min fuzzy decision making. The proposed method is applied on the IEEE 24 bus test system and effectiveness of the proposed method is verified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) based on Variable Length Evolutionary Algorithm
M. Ramzanyan Hussain Montazery KordyThe methods used today to investigate brain connections to diagnose brain-related diseases are the imaging method of resting magnetic resonance imaging. In this paper, a new method is proposed using an evolutionary variable-length algorithm to select the appropriate fea MoreThe methods used today to investigate brain connections to diagnose brain-related diseases are the imaging method of resting magnetic resonance imaging. In this paper, a new method is proposed using an evolutionary variable-length algorithm to select the appropriate features to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of healthy and patient-to-patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder based on analysis of rs-fMRI images. The characteristics examined are the correlation values between the time series signals of different regions of the brain. Selection of the variable-length property were based on the honey bee algorithm in order to overcome the problem of feature selection in algorithms with fixed-length vector lengths. The Mahalanubis distance has been used as a bee algorithm evaluation function. The efficiency of the algorithm was evaluated in terms of the value of the evaluation function in the first degree and the processing time in the second degree. The results obtained from the significantly higher efficiency of the variable-length bee algorithm than other methods for selecting the feature. While the best result of the overall categorization accuracy among the other methods with the 26 selected characteristics of the PSO algorithm is 76.61%, the proposed method can achieve a total classification accuracy of 85.32% by selecting 25 features. The nature of the data is such that the increase in the number of attributes leads to a greater improvement in the accuracy of the classification so that by increasing the length of the characteristic vector to 35 and 45, classification accuracy was 91.66% and 95.57% respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - A New Heuristic for Deadlock Detection in Safety Analysis of Software Systems
عین الله پیراThe safety analysis of software systems, especially safety-critical ones, should be performed exactly because even a minor failure in these systems may result in disaster consequences. Also, such analysis must be done before implementation, i.e. the design step and in t MoreThe safety analysis of software systems, especially safety-critical ones, should be performed exactly because even a minor failure in these systems may result in disaster consequences. Also, such analysis must be done before implementation, i.e. the design step and in the model level. Model checking is an exact and mathematical-based way that gets a model of a system and analyzes it through exploring all reachable states of the model. Due to the complexity of some systems and their models, this way may face the state space explosion problem, i.e. it cannot explore all available states. A solution to solve this problem in these systems is that model checking tries to refute them, instead of verifying them, by finding errors such as deadlock (if available).Although, a heuristic has been previously proposed to find a deadlock in the model's state space and it has been applied in several simple heuristic search and evolutionary algorithms, its detection speed has been low. In this paper, we propose a novel heuristic to detect a deadlock in the model's state space, and test and compare its detection speed by applying it in several simple heuristic search algorithms such as iterative deepening A*, beam search, and evolutionary algorithms such as genetic, particle swarm optimization, and Bayesian optimization. Comparison results confirm that the new heuristic can detect a deadlock in less time than the previous heuristic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Conceptual Model of Corporate University evolution and development
Akram Talebi Saeed Ghiasi Nodooshan abbas abbaspour Ali khorsandi TaskoohOrganizational university is the link between an organization and specialized knowledge; and is known as one of the most efficient mechanisms for global competition. Regarding the closing or merging announcements of some of the above universities into some public univer MoreOrganizational university is the link between an organization and specialized knowledge; and is known as one of the most efficient mechanisms for global competition. Regarding the closing or merging announcements of some of the above universities into some public universities, as well as other issues the universities are involved, the purpose of the present research is to extract effective factors of the universities evolution and development in Iran. Therefore, research data were collected and coded through interviewing with 12 experts of organizational university area and university administrators using Grounded Theory Method. Research findings show that several organizational and academic factors may influence university performance including clarifying the purpose of university, organization and university CEOs, finance, and level of participation, learners, structure flexibility, educational programs, and knowledge management. University independence and privatization are also university external effective factors. It is recommended that private sector is enabled for effective and economic operation through clarifying and proper implementing of Article 44 of Constitution; then, the organizational university would shed light to the individual and organizational growth and development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Analysing the competency criteria of the staff managers of the education headquarter in the level of leadership and management subsystem: a qualitative study report
عباس محمدی Rashid Zolfaghari zaferani Heidar Tourani Mehdi NavidadehmStaff managers of education have a key role in policy-making, macro-planning, and monitoring the performance of the education system, which is why the selection of this category of managers is particularly sensitive. Considering the emphasis of the Fundamental Evolution MoreStaff managers of education have a key role in policy-making, macro-planning, and monitoring the performance of the education system, which is why the selection of this category of managers is particularly sensitive. Considering the emphasis of the Fundamental Evolution Document on the selection of managers at different levels based on meritocracy in the 6-22 strategy of "Leadership and Management Subsystem", this article identifies the competency criteria of education staff managers at the level of this document, from the perspective of the authors of Fundamental Evolution Document, and attitudes of specialists in this field. Due to the nature of the question and the purpose of this research, its approach is qualitative and has been with data-based theory and Charlmers constructivism design. The data required for the study were collected through semi-structured interviews with 22 experts, including nine compilers of Fundamental Evolution Document, seven experts and executives of the leadership and management subsystem, and six educational management faculty members. The text of the interviews was implemented and analysed using thematic analysis. A total of 63 competencies were identified as competencies required for education staff managers in the form of 17 sub-categories and 6 main factors including; values and attitudes, managerial skills and abilities, personality traits, personal knowledge and skills, organizational knowledge and skills, and monitoring and control, and finally two specialized and general dimensions were determined and defined Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Model of Human Capital Capabilities Evolution in Public Organizations of Iran: The Phenomena Hierarchy Approach
Mehdi Hodaei Seyed Mehdi Alvani Hamid Reza Yazdani Hasan Zarei MatinObjective: The purpose of this article is how to evolute human capital capabilities in public organizations of Iran. One of the problems in public organizations is single-dimensional view of managers to functions and processes that is an obstacle for evolution. Methods MoreObjective: The purpose of this article is how to evolute human capital capabilities in public organizations of Iran. One of the problems in public organizations is single-dimensional view of managers to functions and processes that is an obstacle for evolution. Methods: The research method of this paper to solve the complex problem of human capital capabilities evolution is critical hermeneutics; in this regard, the main axes of systems thinking are studied, interpretation and sympathy between theories are presented firstly; then dimensions are examined in the interpretative paradigm, the expressions and synthesis of key concepts are declared. On the basis of selected method to answer the questions appropriate to the subject of evolution, the purposeful and judgmental sampling has been used. Data gathering method is library, internet searching and looking up in texts, documents and evidences; the gathering tool is taking note. Results: Human capital capabilities in the phenomena hierarchy approach of this matrix are evoluted from simple to complex that more complex level includes the capabilities of more simple levels. The model of human capital capabilities evolution is a system include of public organizations structure, human resource management processes and human capital functions components that are interrelated holistically, synergically and circularly to create shared value and common interest in the Islamic-Iranian context. The results of this research are presented in combination of dimensions, aspects and multi-layer levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Development of embryo from Quran’s perspective
غلامرضا نورمحمدیObjective(s): One of the key issues in the Quranic verses is the subject of formation and creation of embryo as the beginning point of human life. Some 76 verses of 41 Surahs of the holy Quran have mentioned this issue. The interesting point is that the holy Quran has d MoreObjective(s): One of the key issues in the Quranic verses is the subject of formation and creation of embryo as the beginning point of human life. Some 76 verses of 41 Surahs of the holy Quran have mentioned this issue. The interesting point is that the holy Quran has described all stages of creation of embryo in simple words so that it can be understandable for people of that time, nevertheless, Quranic information on embryo are so accurate that are even consistent with the contemporary findings of embryology science. This article is aimed at presenting Quran’s comprehensive and complete view on creation and evolution of embryo to provide interdisciplinary medical and Quranic students with proper understanding of this issue. Methods: This article has been completed based on descriptive-analytical method and necessary information and data have been gathered through reliable sources. Conclusion: 1- Quran has mentioned the common role of man and woman in productivity. 2- Quran delicately has mentioned that all sperms of man are not responsible for pregnancy and only part of it contributes to productivity. 3- Quran has mentioned to both male and female factors for creation of embryo. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Necessity and Possibility of Judicial Supervision over Security Council’s Performance in UN Legal System
حسین شریفی طرازکوهی ساسان مدرس سبزواریThe issue of judicial supervision over the Security Council has two different, but interrelated aspects. First of all, the “necessity” of such supervision should be discussed. The present article assumes that the Security Council should be committed to the principles of MoreThe issue of judicial supervision over the Security Council has two different, but interrelated aspects. First of all, the “necessity” of such supervision should be discussed. The present article assumes that the Security Council should be committed to the principles of international law, the goals of the United Nations, sovereign rights of member states, fundamental human rights guarantees, as well as the basic structure for the division of powers among various organs of the UN. Then it studies the Security Council’s procedure to show that this institution has been frequently found in violation of the aforesaid legal bounds. Security Council’s inattention to the limits of its powers can cast doubts on credibility of the entire UN system. It has been also shown that the “necessity” of judicial supervision can be proven on the basis of the requirements of the “rule of law.” Another aspect of this issue is the “possibility” of judicial supervision in view of the current state of international law. The present paper has shown that although the Charter of the United Nations has remained silent on this issue, it can be confirmed if final goals of this document are taken as basis for its interpretation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - A Multi-Objective Differential Evolutionary Algorithm-based Approach for Resource Allocation in Cloud Computing Environment
Saeed Bakhtiari Mahan KhosroshahiIn recent years, the cloud computing model has received a lot of attention due to its high scalability, reliability, information sharing and low cost compared to separate machines. In the cloud environment, scheduling and optimal allocation of tasks affects the effectiv MoreIn recent years, the cloud computing model has received a lot of attention due to its high scalability, reliability, information sharing and low cost compared to separate machines. In the cloud environment, scheduling and optimal allocation of tasks affects the effective use of system resources. Currently, common methods for scheduling in the cloud computing environment are performed using traditional methods such as Min-Min and meta-heuristic methods such as ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO). The above methods focused on optimizing one goal and do not estimate multiple goals at the same time. The main purpose of this research is to consider several objectives (total execution time, service level agreement and energy consumption) in cloud data centers with scheduling and optimal allocation of tasks. In this research, multi-objective differential evolution algorithm (DEA) is used due to its simple structure features and less adjustable parameters. In the proposed method, a new approach based on DEA to solve the problem of allocation in cloud space is presented which we try to be effective in improving resource efficiency and considering goals such as time, migration and energy by defining a multi-objective function and considering mutation and crossover vectors. The proposed method has been evaluated through a CloudSim simulator by testing the workload of more than a thousand virtual machines on Planet Lab. The results of simulation show that the proposed method in comparison with IqrMc, LrMmt and FA algorithms, in energy consumption by an average of 23%, number of migrations by an average of 29%, total execution time by an average of 29% and service level agreement violation (SLAV) by an average of 1% has been improved. In this case, use of the proposed approach in cloud centers will lead to better and appropriate services to customers of these centers in various fields such as education, engineering, manufacturing, services, etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Multi-Objective Economic-Environment Scheduling of Microgrids in the Presence of Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Demand Response to Smooth the Distribution Nodal Prices
ali mirzaei NAVID TAGHIZADEGAN KALANTARI Sajad Najafi RavadaneghToday, with the growing demand for hybrid electric vehicles in microgrids, electricity supply, environmental issues, and rescheduling are among the challenges of microgrids that must be solved and suitable solutions provided. To overcome these challenges, this paper int MoreToday, with the growing demand for hybrid electric vehicles in microgrids, electricity supply, environmental issues, and rescheduling are among the challenges of microgrids that must be solved and suitable solutions provided. To overcome these challenges, this paper introduces a new multi-objective optimization model, which in the first objective, minimizes the total operation cost of the microgrid, and in the second objective, improves the reliability index by reducing the amount of energy not supplied. Due to these two objectives, a multi-objective evolutionary seagull optimization algorithm is used to find the optimal global solutions. In this regard, hybrid electric vehicles and demand response programs are used to smooth out distribution nodal prices and reduce CO2 emissions. The 69-bus distribution network has been used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Comparison of the features of elementary education in Iran and Germany
Abdul Hossein Peshgo Yasir Jahangiri sisakht Zohra Rezaei MehrThe level of primary education has been called primary education, compulsory education, general education and public education. Nowadays, new researches show that primary education and the like have an undeniable role in reducing poverty and realizing economic and socia MoreThe level of primary education has been called primary education, compulsory education, general education and public education. Nowadays, new researches show that primary education and the like have an undeniable role in reducing poverty and realizing economic and social development programs. Undoubtedly, a weak primary education system endangers the entire human capital development system. On the one hand, this system educates students who do not have the necessary preparation to enter secondary and higher education, and on the other hand, it delivers uneducated adults. More importantly, it will not train enough parents, workers and managers who have received real training to participate in development. It is at this stage that the students transform and develop their way of thinking and dealing with the learning problem. Therefore, the necessity of this research in order to reach the weaknesses and strengths of primary education in our country in comparison with Germany, which is a leading country in the European economy, which has seen an increasing growth in education in recent years, and to provide solutions to improve the weaknesses and strengthen the points. The strength of primary education in the country seemed necessary. The curriculum in Germany is decentralized and the books are written by other experts and approved by the Ministry of Education. The curriculum emphasizes more on the subjects than the book. Therefore, more flexibility is seen in the curriculum. In this country, German language, mathematics, experimental sciences, art and music are emphasized, which are somewhat close to Iranian subjects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Comparative comparison of primary education in Germany and Malaysia
Zahra Samanpour Fatemeh Farrokhi Fard Rahim AfroozThe level of primary education is called primary education, compulsory education, general education and general education. In our time, new research shows that primary education and the like have an undeniable role in reducing poverty and realizing economic and social d MoreThe level of primary education is called primary education, compulsory education, general education and general education. In our time, new research shows that primary education and the like have an undeniable role in reducing poverty and realizing economic and social development programs. Undoubtedly, a weak primary education system endangers the entire human capital development system. On the one hand, this system educates students who do not have the necessary preparation to enter secondary and higher education, and on the other hand, it delivers uneducated adults. It is at this stage that the students transform and develop their way of thinking and dealing with the learning problem. Therefore, the necessity of this research in order to reach the weaknesses and strengths of primary education in comparison with two countries, Germany, which is a leading country in the European economy, and Malaysia, which has seen an increasing growth in education in recent years, and providing solutions to improve the weaknesses. And it seemed necessary to strengthen the strengths of primary education in both countries. Primary teacher training in Malaysia also has different degrees, which shows the incomplete training in teacher training in this country. Men's lack of interest in primary school teachers in this country also shows the low status of teachers in this country. The curriculum in Germany is decentralized and the books are written by other experts and approved by the Ministry of Education. The curriculum emphasizes more on the subjects than the book. Therefore, more flexibility is seen in the curriculum. In this country, German language, mathematics, experimental sciences, art and music are emphasized, which are somewhat close to Iranian subjects. Curriculum in Malaysia is centralized. But there are signs of lack of concentration in the curriculum. The latest curriculum shows the participation of teachers, education professors, and representatives from the government and educational districts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Comparing the characteristics of primary education in Iran and Malaysia
Rahmatullah HosseiniThis research is necessary to understand the weaknesses and strengths of our country's primary education in comparison with Malaysia, which has seen an increasing growth in education in recent years, and to provide solutions to improve the weaknesses and strengthen the MoreThis research is necessary to understand the weaknesses and strengths of our country's primary education in comparison with Malaysia, which has seen an increasing growth in education in recent years, and to provide solutions to improve the weaknesses and strengthen the strengths of the country's primary education. reached. Primary teacher training in Malaysia also has different degrees, which shows the incomplete training in teacher training in this country. Men's lack of interest in primary school teachers in this country also shows the low status of teachers in this country. Curriculum in Iran is focused and book-oriented. It has very little flexibility and teachers are obliged to finish the book within the schedule of the academic year. Farsi, mathematics and experimental sciences have more importance and more hours in the elementary curriculum. Curriculum in Malaysia is centralized. But there are signs of lack of concentration in the curriculum. The latest curriculum shows the participation of teachers, education professors, and representatives from the government and educational districts. Most of the focus is on local languages. Much importance is given to Islamic studies and citizenship education. Manuscript profile
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