Concept

Open Access Article

1 - Presenting a conceptual model of sexual chastity based on the verses of the Holy Quran (qualitative research)
Saeed Karami

10.52547/Fsh.1.1.33

This research has presented the conceptual model of "sexual chastity" by identifying and examining the components of sexual chastity and factors of the model. This work is qualitative and fundamental research that has been described and analyzed in the section of presen More

This research has presented the conceptual model of "sexual chastity" by identifying and examining the components of sexual chastity and factors of the model. This work is qualitative and fundamental research that has been described and analyzed in the section of presenting a conceptual model based on the theory derived from data. For this purpose, 7 concepts related to chastity were identified from the verses of the Qur'an and explained with a coherent approach. By providing a model, the role of some of these concepts in explaining sexual chastity was confirmed. From a total of 345 verses of the Qur'an on sexual issues, 50 verses that were directly related to sexual chastity were selected, and then, with open coding, a total of 49 codes were identified. In the pivotal coding stage, the data were categorized into 19 elements and key concepts, and in the selective code stage, these concepts were subdivided into four template factors. The factors of the model including the components of the focal category, contexts, and causes, strategic concepts, and consequences of sexual chastity were identified and at the end, during this process, the conceptual model of sexual chastity has been designed with a Quranic approach. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Modeling structural equations of value created in businesses
fateme hamidi naser shams

The world economy has undergone significant changes in the last two centuries, moving from an agricultural system to an industrial system. Most of the changes in the last four decades have been due to the evolution of service-based economies. The growth of more develope More

The world economy has undergone significant changes in the last two centuries, moving from an agricultural system to an industrial system. Most of the changes in the last four decades have been due to the evolution of service-based economies. The growth of more developed economies around the world has been in the direction of economies where the majority of services are. Manuscript profile

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3 - (Readout the Concept of Dwelling in the Neighborhoods of Tehran during the Qajar and Pahlavi Periods (Based on an Interpretive Study of the Cultural and Social Historic-writtens
Gholamreza Haghighat Naini Mohammad Shaikhi Morteza Mahmoudi mehmandoost

A survey of the history and evidence of life in traditional Iranian neighborhood reveals a coherent, self-made physical and social structure and system that expresses the transcendent concepts of human dwelling. Neighborhoods today due to changing lifestyles and new urb More

A survey of the history and evidence of life in traditional Iranian neighborhood reveals a coherent, self-made physical and social structure and system that expresses the transcendent concepts of human dwelling. Neighborhoods today due to changing lifestyles and new urban developments, do not have the participation of locals and the self-made neighborhood system. Therefore, it is imperative to pay attention to the principles and teachings of the social life and transcendent concepts of traditional living to enhance the quality of life in today's city. The purpose of this study is to recognize the concept of dwelling in the neighborhoods of Tehran during the Qajar and Pahlavi periods and the research method is a combination of historical interpretation methods and data content analysis. This study first briefly defines the concept of neighborhood; then the factors of perception of neighborhood concept and characteristics and specifications of each factor and how to trace it from the content of the texts are presented. Finally, in the literature research, the recognition of the life and lived experiences of the dwellers of Tehran neighborhoods is discussed; this section is based on a number of social cultural writings from Tehran neighborhoods. The result is that the factors and criteria of perception of neighborhood concept demonstrate the social role and participation of citizens in different aspects of dwelling, including good affairs and social-political movements in neighborhoods. Neighborhoods that have been a place for the presentation and emergence of social and cultural values including dedication, charity, respect for elders, and the arrest of the deprived; whereas concepts of territory, hierarchy and privacy are defined and appearanced in neighborhood physics and perceptions of dwellers and they are relatively satisfied with the provision of many of the services in the neighborhood and the mental relaxation of social dwelling. As a result, dwellers have considered themselves part of the neighborhood and the emergence of place belongings to the neighborhood can be understood in various physical, behavioral, and semantic dimensions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Sohrab Sepehri and Critics
غلامرضا پيروز فاطمه‌زهرا صادقي

This study is an attempt to deal with the critics, made in form of speeches and papers, on the life, thoughts and works left by Sohrab Sepehri (1928-1978), the Iranian poet and painter. The study tries to examine and analyze the critical method and literature critics va More

This study is an attempt to deal with the critics, made in form of speeches and papers, on the life, thoughts and works left by Sohrab Sepehri (1928-1978), the Iranian poet and painter. The study tries to examine and analyze the critical method and literature critics value clear making, critics health, failure and success of the criticisms made by critics on Sepehri, contents of the works by Sepehri, treatment with Sepehri’s works and the likes as of the first time made till 1997 in Farsi literature publications. In the contemporary Farsi poetry extensive speaking has been made on Sohrab Sepehri after Nima Yushij. These parses and blames have continued from the time of the poet life till now. Most of the critics have been made on the links between Sepehri’s poem and painting, hit attention on the East Philosophy and Gnosticism, naturalism, simple style and sincerity of the poems, non dealing with politics-social issues, abstract concepts, language and style of expression. Among the critics, those dealt with Sepehri’s poems and arts on scientific-research viewpoints are handful. Moreover, some viewpoints are imitation and calques from the others’ works. The writers of the present article maintain that the criticisms made by the critics should be criticized aimed at evaluating their correctness. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Conceptual Blending of War, Hunting and Love in Saadi’s Ghazals Based on Fauconnier and Turner
nasrin fahgih malek marzban

The aim of this research is to explain the conceptual blending of war and hunting, and to analyze the specific dimentions of this blending in Saadi’s Ghazals based on Fauconnier and Turner. One of the frequent cognitive concepts in Saadi’s Ghazals is war and hunting as More

The aim of this research is to explain the conceptual blending of war and hunting, and to analyze the specific dimentions of this blending in Saadi’s Ghazals based on Fauconnier and Turner. One of the frequent cognitive concepts in Saadi’s Ghazals is war and hunting as the input domain of love. The theory of conceptual blending is an effective instrument for understanding the interaction between a conceptual system with its domains. Fauconnier and Turner introduced the theory of multispace or network model. In the network model, the common concepts of two input domains create a generic space. Moreover, the interaction between these two input domains creates a blended space in which the conceptual structure can not be percieved only from the input spaces. In this research we will show that most concepts of love are related to the beloved and specific terms used to describe him/her. In the blended domain, there are some paradoxical concepts like considering death as eternal life, or captivity as freedom. After demonstrating the dimentions of conceptual blending of war and hunting , we will try to find out how the resulted paradox in the blended domain is created. The hypothesis is that this paradox is resulted from the effects of mystical concepts of love in Sufi discourse on the poet’s mental models, even if the Ghazal is categorized as a love one. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Investigating the Role of Conceptual Metaphors in the Evolution of literary styles (Relying on Body Metaphors in Farrokhi Sistani, Anvari, and Hafiz's poems)
Mohammad Taheri Masoumeh Archandani

The conceptual metaphor is the mind’s technique for conceptualizing affairs. The mind tries to conceive and contemplate some intangible affairs for itself with the help of this fundamental construct. Hence, it is expected that by changing it, we will also see a change i More

The conceptual metaphor is the mind’s technique for conceptualizing affairs. The mind tries to conceive and contemplate some intangible affairs for itself with the help of this fundamental construct. Hence, it is expected that by changing it, we will also see a change in thought-related macro-systems. Among these macrosystems are literary styles that have many factors involved in changing them. This article tries to answer the question of how the change of conceptual metaphors in time has an effect on the change of literary styles through analytical-descriptive method. To answer it, we trace the conceptual metaphors related to the body, which include the words "hand, eye, heart and head", in a selection of poems by Farrokhi Sistani, Anvari and Hafez. By analyzing the obtained information, we conclude that conceptual metaphors have undergone significant changes over time that are in line with the evolution of literary styles and are variables affecting the evolution of styles. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Fast and accurate concept drift detection from event logs
mahdi yaghoobi ali sebti Soheila Karbasi

In organizations and large companies that are using business process management systems (BPMSs), process model can change due to upstream laws, market conditions. BPMSs have flexible to these changes. Effect of these change are saved in storage devises and event logs; t More

In organizations and large companies that are using business process management systems (BPMSs), process model can change due to upstream laws, market conditions. BPMSs have flexible to these changes. Effect of these change are saved in storage devises and event logs; these changes are sometimes applied suddenly or gradually on the event logs. Changing the season or starting a new financial term can be a factor to make these changes. This change is called concept drift in business process model. On time detection and recognition of process concept drift can affect the decision making of managers and administrations of systems. An analysis of the event logs in BPMS allows the automatic detection of the concept drift. This paper presents an innovative method by introducing a modified distance function to identify the concept drift. Experimental results were performed on 72 datasets in the research history, which included 648 concept drifts in 12 different types. It shows that the proposed method detects 98.18% of the drifts, while the proposed method is much faster than other state of the art methods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Analysis of conceptual elements of art in the poems of poets of the sixth century AH
Morteza Heidari

In this research the author has elicited the marked semantic features / components of art concept in the poetry of 6th century with using the principles of conceptual semantics. With a critical and editorial look at the structures identified for conceptual semantics, h More

In this research the author has elicited the marked semantic features / components of art concept in the poetry of 6th century with using the principles of conceptual semantics. With a critical and editorial look at the structures identified for conceptual semantics, he has reviewed these structures and their application in the field of linguistic and literary research. After classification of semantic features in relevant fields with every feature, fifteen various semantic fields acquired for art concept in the poems of 6th century poets. These semantic fields in order of extenting their domains are: literary language, practical wisdom, eulogy, aesthetics, craft, morality and habitude, social criticism, war, anthropology, zoology, religion, cosmology, ecology, mysticism and love. In literary language field, the diverse ontological phenomenon have been the materials for the poetical imagery with figurative devices, i.e. simile and implicit metaphor. In the semantic realm of praise, the art of the praiseworthy feature, incapable, has been reported against him. The components obtained in the field of aesthetics show that the poetry of the sixth century was the basis of the discourse of aesthetics. The semantic field of industry has been obtained from various techniques and professions. Individual and social characteristics are grouped in the semantic domain of morality and temperament. Non gratification of poets in 6th century from their art has conceptualized the semantic field of social criticism. Also warfare and the quality of martial instrumen are also marked for the concept of art. Art has also been enumerated in the field of anthropology of human habits and, nevertheless, has been considered as a feature of various animals. Theism, religion and requisite for earmarking the religion also conceptualized for art. Finally, art has been reported as a feature of the universe and cosmic objects and has been conceptualized with singular semantic features of ecology, mysticism and love. The research findings show that art has a very comprehensive concept in the framework of the mentioned studies and is contrary to the conventional notions of today. The research findings prove that art in the studied framework has a most comprehensive and despite to usual assumptions concept. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Concept Detection in Images Using SVD Features and Multi-Granularity Partitioning and Classification
Kamran Farajzadeh Esmail Zarezadeh Jafar Mansouri

10.7508/jist.2017.19.004

New visual and static features, namely, right singular feature vector, left singular feature vector and singular value feature vector are proposed for the semantic concept detection in images. These features are derived by applying singular value decomposition (SVD) " More

New visual and static features, namely, right singular feature vector, left singular feature vector and singular value feature vector are proposed for the semantic concept detection in images. These features are derived by applying singular value decomposition (SVD) "directly" to the "raw" images. In SVD features edge, color and texture information is integrated simultaneously and is sorted based on their importance for the concept detection. Feature extraction is performed in a multi-granularity partitioning manner. In contrast to the existing systems, classification is carried out for each grid partition of each granularity separately. This separates the effect of classifications on partitions with and without the target concept on each other. Since SVD features have high dimensionality, classification is carried out with K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) algorithm that utilizes a new and "stable" distance function, namely, multiplicative distance. Experimental results on PASCAL VOC and TRECVID datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed SVD features and multi-granularity partitioning and classification method Manuscript profile

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10 - The pattern of implementation of moral education based on the requirements of human dignity, with emphasis on the views of Kant and Martyr Motahhari

In this paper, we aim to present a model and model of moral education based on the requirements of human dignity from the perspective of Immanuel Kant and Morteza Motahari. Therefore, at the outset, the concept of dignity and the content of the word human dignity and it More

In this paper, we aim to present a model and model of moral education based on the requirements of human dignity from the perspective of Immanuel Kant and Morteza Motahari. Therefore, at the outset, the concept of dignity and the content of the word human dignity and its importance are analyzed in Kant and Motahari. Finally, moral education based on the requirements of human dignity (educational implications of human dignity requirements), using the tools of the works of these two Muslim scholars And the Christian has been analyzed Manuscript profile

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11 - An analysis on the riddle of the number seventy-five moral propositions in the hadith of wisdom and ignorance
hadi vahdani far Mohammad Davoodi

The hadith of wisdom and ignorance is one of the important moral and educational hadiths which has expressed the armies of wisdom and ignorance under the title of virtues and vices. The important point of the hadith is that the number of soldiers of wisdom and ignorance More

The hadith of wisdom and ignorance is one of the important moral and educational hadiths which has expressed the armies of wisdom and ignorance under the title of virtues and vices. The important point of the hadith is that the number of soldiers of wisdom and ignorance stated in the text of the narration is more than seventy-five, which has been specified at the beginning of the narration; as in some narrations, the number of soldiers of wisdom and ignorance has been mentioned as 78, 80, 81, 82 or 83. Although great commentators such as Mirdamad have made a mistake in the number, and Mulla Sadra Shirazi has ignored on the number 75, but on the contrary, some great commentators of hadith, including Sheikh Baha'i, Feyz Kashani, Sharif Shirazi, have considered semantic synonymy by quoting some words in the text of the narration. They have attributed this to the mistake of narrators and amanuenses, or near and secret meanings. Some others, such as Mullah Saneh Mazandarani, Mullah Khalil Qazvini, Allameh Majlisi, have emphasized the lack of semantic synonymy. The present article, while expressing the different views of the commentators and aggregating the sources of hadith, has introduced and explicated the moral propositions and their critique, and believes that due to the differences between the sources and the manuscripts of hadith, the moral propositions are beyond the justification of semantic synonymy. Therefore, we consider the theory of lack of semantic synonymy acceptable and believe that no mistake has been made by the Imam (as), amanuenses and narrators of hadith. Rather, the narration of wisdom and ignorance seeks to express the concept of number and mention the abundance and principles of moral and educational propositions under the two general titles of wisdom and ignorance, and good and evil. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Find the concept of the rule of evidence thanks

Leadership is one of the fundamental teachings of Islam is and its recognition is based on analyzing and clarifying its meaning. In the present paper a theological approach to the concept of Imamate tried to theologians of the Shiite religious doctrine from the perspect More

Leadership is one of the fundamental teachings of Islam is and its recognition is based on analyzing and clarifying its meaning. In the present paper a theological approach to the concept of Imamate tried to theologians of the Shiite religious doctrine from the perspective of the review. Shiite theologians generally theological issues related to the concept of the Imamate of Imam independently pay only the same definition by defining Sunnis have offered it. This means that almost all Shia theologians After defining leadership as "head of public affairs, religion and the world" immediately, citing the principle of grace, the Lord, have to prove the necessity of the Imam. is counterfeit Manuscript profile

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13 - The aesthetic image of the role of a monotheistic educational model
Hamidreza Hajibabaeei

From the perspective of the Qur'an, the way to achieve the happiness of the world and the Hereafter is to follow the pattern of monotheistic education. Quran expresses the main purpose of creation as the cultivation of man. And for this purpose, the road map has been de More

From the perspective of the Qur'an, the way to achieve the happiness of the world and the Hereafter is to follow the pattern of monotheistic education. Quran expresses the main purpose of creation as the cultivation of man. And for this purpose, the road map has been determined, in which rules, paths, methods and methods are determined and how to achieve the goal through full patterns. The monotheistic education model in the form of society has depicted general features, a complete individual, and sometimes depicted with a particular attribute of a person, and who has been discouraged by ) On the other hand, it is applied in applied science, which uses fundamental sciences, epistemology, theology, anthropology, valueology, psychology, sociology, philosophy, theology, and jurisprudence. And it's not limited to worldly science. Based on this argument, the training takes place. And the concept of education from the root of "Rabo" in the Quran is limited in scope. But from the root of the "rebab" has a wide and wide range. And "Rabbit Verbiate" plays a decisive role in interacting with the monotheistic world. Because of its gravity, it has a total lack of ownership and modesty. And the only creator can be paste. In this realistic depiction, education from the perspective of the Qur'an, the recognition of the Creator, the Owner and the Immortal, the acceptance of Him as the only Passover and the act of His commandments and His will, which is the same religion. After all, The affairs are guided through full patterns..unscrupulous patterns, tends to monotheism toward a monotheistic worldview. Manuscript profile

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14 - ICT Sector Investigation Regarding Components of Technology Management; Comparing Iran with 35 Selected Countries
Vahid Zarrabi Bahram Salavati SarCheshmeh Iman Mohammadian Khorasani Mausome Madah

10.7508/jstpi.2015.04.004

The main objective of this paper is employing main components of technology management to analyze and evaluate ICT sector situation in Iran compared with 35 selected countries. To this end, a conceptual model for technology management in ICT sector has been developed. T More

The main objective of this paper is employing main components of technology management to analyze and evaluate ICT sector situation in Iran compared with 35 selected countries. To this end, a conceptual model for technology management in ICT sector has been developed. Then a set of appropriate indicators have been determined and classified by expert panelists to measure core components and supportive components of proposed conceptual model. Considering proposed conceptual model and selected indicators, the cross section data was collected for 35 selected countries from official and widely accepted international reports and datasets such as WDI, ITU, etc. Finally, technology management components in ICT sector of Iran have been compared with 34 selected countries in terms of policy-making issues, facilitating innovation, research and development activities, human resources training, financial support, entrepreneurship enhancement and technology diffusion. Manuscript profile

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15 - Introducing an applied model for the Iranian Single window for SMEs: a public private partnership approach
Seyed mehdi Sadat Rasool Hasan talebi

Single window for SMEs, enroll as an information technology which bridges between SMEs and service suppliers specially government authorities. Single window is a long lasting concept and the ideal of all of service user, in the case SMEs. Such a system also have so much More

Single window for SMEs, enroll as an information technology which bridges between SMEs and service suppliers specially government authorities. Single window is a long lasting concept and the ideal of all of service user, in the case SMEs. Such a system also have so much benefits for all of its partners, include reducing costs and time and increasing Quality and knowledge management. Successful Implementation of Single window is due to good planning and having an applied experienced model which includes all of the important aspects of the issue for granted. This paper introduces a novel applied model based on 6C conceptual model and successful projects lessons learnt for Iran SMEs; the projects and their PPP model needed to be investigated is followed. The results will be helpful for developing countries to run similar projects. Manuscript profile

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16 - Cognitive Megametaphor of "Freedom" in Kurdish language, According to Sherko Bekas Poetry
Samad Aliaghayee Vahid Gholami sadegh mohammadi

Cognitive Megametaphor of "Freedom" in Kurdish language, According to Sherko Bekas Poetry Abstract One of the most important and recent approaches in criticizing literary works is cognitive linguistics. Conceptual Metaphor Theory is one of the main theoretical framew More

Cognitive Megametaphor of "Freedom" in Kurdish language, According to Sherko Bekas Poetry Abstract One of the most important and recent approaches in criticizing literary works is cognitive linguistics. Conceptual Metaphor Theory is one of the main theoretical frameworks in Cognitive Semantics. According to it, metaphor is not just a matter of word, but it is about thought and reason. In all of conceptual metaphors mapping is primary, and they use a source domain language as a pattern for showing the target domain concepts. Megametaphors are set of macrostructures in linguistics which built by other conceptual metaphors in superstructure of the text. This investigation aims to study cognitive megametaphor of "freedom" in the; Now a Girl is my Homeland, a book by Sherko Bekas. How Bekas used different kinds of conceptual metaphors in the undercurrent to form freedom megametaphor at the superstructure, is the main question in this study. The results show that freedom and its relevant concepts are the most common concepts in Bekas poetry. Key words: Cognitive linguistics, conceptual metaphors, megametaphors of freedom,Kurdish language, Sherko Bekas Key words: Cognitive linguistics, conceptual metaphors, megametaphors of freedom,Kurdish language, Sherko Bekas Key words: Cognitive linguistics, conceptual metaphors, megametaphors of freedom,Kurdish language, Sherko Bekas Manuscript profile

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17 - Containing Philosophical Concepts in Children Stories (A Case Study of Nakuja Abad Stories for Children)
Zahra Satar Panahi Zaynab Barkhordari

Story writing enjoys a particular place among the various kinds of literature and owing its role in the growth and training of the basis of thought is of great importance. Shaykh al-Ishraq as a great Iranian and Muslim philosopher and the founder of Illuminationist scho More

Story writing enjoys a particular place among the various kinds of literature and owing its role in the growth and training of the basis of thought is of great importance. Shaykh al-Ishraq as a great Iranian and Muslim philosopher and the founder of Illuminationist school of philosophy used story literature for expressing his philosophical and mystical views. Simplifying philosophical concepts and expressing them in children language is among the characteristics of this philosopher that one should take into account in reading his books. To have philosophical, motivational, and debatable content along with challenging nature and referring to certain characters like children and their ways of live are among the various traits of suitable story for “philosophy for children”. In 2018- 2019, Saless publications commissioned by UNESCO, published six volumes story books inspired by Suhrawardi thought entitled Nakuja Abad. In a case study these books worked out philosophical concepts in the forms of stories. The nature of philosophical concepts in these stories and the capabilities of intellectual stories altogether indicate that these stories are eligible for using them in philosophical discussions. Manuscript profile

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18 - A Study of the Principles of an Approach for Promoting Children Perception of Environment through Environmental Art
Faezeh Hasani Helm

Today, a modern and strategic approach has come out for teaching the environmental concepts to the children which is based on environmental art. The aim of this approach is to turn the environmental crisis into a thoughtful discourse for deepening our understanding, imp More

Today, a modern and strategic approach has come out for teaching the environmental concepts to the children which is based on environmental art. The aim of this approach is to turn the environmental crisis into a thoughtful discourse for deepening our understanding, improving the techniques, nourishing our feeling and sentiments in order to have a different and fresh view towards the relationship between man and environment. The present article proceeds to study the principles of various solutions through which we can apply it to environmental art which leads to the enhancement of environmental understanding of children. Accordingly, the present work follows a descriptive- analytic method according to which the role of art creations and researches in nature will be used to promote the environmental awareness of children. The findings of this work indicate that environmental art by establishing easy relationship with the audiences by taking into account the objective, empirical, and reflective consideration can turn out to be a suitable method for children in their approach towards the environment. One of the main features of this approach is that it is based on visual, symbolic and conceptual method of environmental art versus mere scientific method of certain approaches. Manuscript profile

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19 - A Comparative Analysis and Explanation of the Creation of the World in the View of Ionian Philosophers
Mohammad Akvan

The creation of the world, which is an important and contradictory problem with an eventful historical background, has always attracted the attention of human beings and aroused their enthusiasm and curiosity since ancient periods. This problem has been investigated in More

The creation of the world, which is an important and contradictory problem with an eventful historical background, has always attracted the attention of human beings and aroused their enthusiasm and curiosity since ancient periods. This problem has been investigated in four epistemological areas: mythological cosmology, philosophical cosmology, monotheistic worldview, and scientific cosmology. Each of these disciplines has dealt with the creation of the world and its phenomena based on its own principles and methodology and introduced its particular bases of cosmological system. In this study, the process of the creation of the world and natural phenomena has been probed in the philosophical-cosmological view of Ionian philosophers, including Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes. In doing so, the author initially examines the principles of the quality of going beyond a mythological view towards a philosophical approach regarding the problem of creation through focusing on the historical trend of the development of theogonic view into a cosmogenic one, the quality of the change of personal explainers into non-personal ones, leaving mythological particularism behind and developing universal philosophical concepts, and then compares their methods and methodological approaches. Thales and Anaximenes have both explained the issue of creation based on the “change and evolution” of the prime matter of “water” and “air”, and Anaximander has done so based on the “separation” of objects from the first principle of apeiron. Thales and Anaximenes consider all existents and objects as the qualities of prime matter, while Anaximander grants an objective existence to qualities and deems them to be among real existents. Toward the end of this paper, the author tries to provide answers to the questions of how the structure and nature of the world and natural phenomena are formed in the view of Ionian philosophers, how existents and objects are created and annihilated, and whether there is a single origin and a prudent intellect called the Divine Element beyond all changes and evolutions, the turning of material elements into each other, and the detachment of objects. Manuscript profile

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20 - Moving from Anselm’s and Descartes’ Arguments to another Version of the Conceptual Argument on the Existence of God
Amir Divani

The conceptual argument which is called the “ontological argument” in Western philosophy moves from a concept in the mind to its external referent. This argument is only about a concept which exclusively applies to God. Philosophers unanimously concede that the move fro More

The conceptual argument which is called the “ontological argument” in Western philosophy moves from a concept in the mind to its external referent. This argument is only about a concept which exclusively applies to God. Philosophers unanimously concede that the move from the (mere) concept to the referent is not allowed; at the same time, they agree that the concept representing God, like the existence of God, which is unique and different from that of any other existent, is different from all other concepts and has no parallel among them. Anselm and Descartes have presented the conceptual argument in different ways. Irrespective of the truth or falsity of the leveled criticisms against these two arguments, the present paper suggests another version of this argument (conceptual argument) which, under the necessary conditions, will attain its end more conveniently. This concept enjoys certain features, among which representation is of great importance. The intended concept is the same concept of existence; an intelligible concept which is a part of the nature of the intellect and stands at a distance from any kind of association with whatness and non-existence. After interpreting this argument and exploring the writings of Muslim philosophers, including Mulla Sadra, the author concludes that some of his words could be used as proof for the truth of this claim. If this argument yields fruit, it demonstrates not only the general capability of the intellect in knowing God and His Attributes but also the possibility of providing a new version of some of the objectives of the great figures in the fields of philosophy and gnosis. Manuscript profile

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21 - A New Explanation of the Division of Intelligibles based on the Transcendent Philosophy
Seyyed Ahmad Ghaffari Qarabagh

The place of concepts and the quality of the interaction between the mind and the object are two of the important issues in the fields of epistemology and ontology. The problems of primary and secondary intelligibles and their distinction from each other also enjoy equa More

The place of concepts and the quality of the interaction between the mind and the object are two of the important issues in the fields of epistemology and ontology. The problems of primary and secondary intelligibles and their distinction from each other also enjoy equal significance. The common view regarding the difference between primary and secondary intelligibles is that, unlike the logical and philosophical secondary intelligibles, primary intelligibles have some external referents. In this paper, the writer maintains that this criterion is not enough for distinguishing them from each other. To justify his position, he argues that the theory of the principiality of existence plays an influential role in clarifying the distinction between these two types of intelligibles. Manuscript profile

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22 - Range of the Interpretations of Quiddative Concepts Based on the Principiality of Existence in the View of Contemporary Commentators of Sadrian Wisdom
Rohollah Adineh Roghayeh Mosavi

The principiality of existence and mentally-positedness of quiddity are the main bases of Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophy and his particular theories. On the other hand, he has not provided a clear and accurate picture of these two theories in his philosophical system and has More

The principiality of existence and mentally-positedness of quiddity are the main bases of Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophy and his particular theories. On the other hand, he has not provided a clear and accurate picture of these two theories in his philosophical system and has referred to quiddity using different terms. Each of the contemporary commentators of the Transcendent Philosophy have interpreted quiddity and existence in a way based on their own views and theoretical principles and have tried to predicate it on Mullā Ṣadrā’s theory. However, given the fundamental role of quiddity and quiddative concepts in gaining acquired knowledge, disagreement in the interpretation of quiddity will affect the quality of explaining acquired knowledge. Hence, following a descriptive-analytic method, the present study aims to provide a correct interpretation for quiddity from the viewpoint of contemporary commentators of Sadrian philosophy and, then, investigate whether our acquired knowledge of existents, which is attained through quiddative concepts, is positive or negative. Accordingly, the authors have examined and criticized such commentators’ interpretations of quiddity and the way it explains existence. A short answer here is that, apparently, based on the correct view, which belongs to Professor Javadi Amuli, quiddity is the manifestation of determined existence, and quiddative concepts speak of limited existence, which is clearly a positive rather than a negative and purifying statement. Manuscript profile

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23 - Analysis the Relationship Between the organizational intelligence and the goal_oriented organizational forgetfulness in the Higher Education Center of Ilam city
Mohammad Taban ولی محمد درینی زهره محمدیاری فاطمه فروزش

The present research aims to analysis the relationship between the organizational intelligence and the goal_oriented organizational forgetfulness in the Higher Education Center of Ilam city. statistical population include official employees of Ilam's governmental orga More

The present research aims to analysis the relationship between the organizational intelligence and the goal_oriented organizational forgetfulness in the Higher Education Center of Ilam city. statistical population include official employees of Ilam's governmental organizations, and their educational degrees were bachelor's degree and higher. By using Kochran's formula sample size was determined as 380 persons. For data collection, two standardized questionnaires "organizational intelligence questionnaire" and "goal_oriented organizational forgetfulness questionnaire" were distributed among 390 employees. The collected data was analyzed by using software LISREL and SPSS. According to the researrch's findings, it could be concluded that there are the significant correlation between the dimensions of organizational intelligence (strategic conception, common fate, morale, knowledge usage, performance pressure, unity, and willingness to change) with the organizational forgetfulness in Ilam's Higher Education Center. Manuscript profile

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24 - Agility conceptual model of service provider enterprises supply chain By using fuzzy conceptual modeling
Roxana Fekri مهدی احمدی Marzieh Babaeianpoor

Many enterprises Nowadays, face with big competing and risk in the market which is the result of innovation in technology and continuous changes of customer needs. In such circumstances, getting direction to agile structure is the fastest way to adapt.Absolutely service More

Many enterprises Nowadays, face with big competing and risk in the market which is the result of innovation in technology and continuous changes of customer needs. In such circumstances, getting direction to agile structure is the fastest way to adapt.Absolutely service provider enterprises are not exception.To identify the model of agility in service provider enterprises, a literature review is done and the result is verified by the experts. Critical success factors of agility in service provider enterprises are identified using exploratory factor analysis in 11 main groups: integrating supply chain components, upgrading quality and flexible services, responsig and sensitiveness to market, customer based design and development of servives, human skills and customer satisfaction development, innovative strategy and solving strategic problems, developing services, dynamic and flexible planning, concerning market and organization financial situation, using IT infrastructure, updating competitors and suppliers data. Using thses factors, managers of these enterprises are able to increase responsibility and market share. Finally critical success factors of agility in service provider enterprises and the relation between them is derived by using fuzzy conceptual mapping. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Development of a framework for implementation of World-class Maintenance Systems using Interpretive Structural Modeling approach ( ISM )
Mohammad Hussein Karimi gavareshki Jafar Gheidar- kheljani

Considering worldwide development of Maintenance Management models, it is essential for organizations to pay attention to environmental differences among various organizations in order to achieve success and make their required model compatible with specific circumstanc More

Considering worldwide development of Maintenance Management models, it is essential for organizations to pay attention to environmental differences among various organizations in order to achieve success and make their required model compatible with specific circumstances of their own organization. In the following research, developing one executive model of maintenance management has occurred applying ISM interpretational structuring theory. In order to achieve this; firstly, the components that have composed maintenance management model have been revealed applying prior studies and interviews. The conclusion of this stage is identifying 56 sub-component and 14 component in the form of 6 essential components. In the next stage, in order to create communication and sequence between the components and constituents, interpretational structuring model has been applied. In the mentioned procedure, the structure of maintenance management has been extracted based on reporters' ideas and performed analysis. The results indicate that six basic components (leadership, foundation, methodologies and foundations, support, improvement and Excellency) constitute fundamental basis of every maintenance management in every organization and other components and sub-components being researched are initiated from these six components and eventually, they would lead to improvement and Excellency of the organization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Key Concept Extraction Using FrameNet and Concept Chains
S. Mohammadi K. Badie

During last years, many approaches have been presented for the automatic keyword or key phrase extraction. But there are a few approaches for the key concept or key point extraction and they are often based on the statistical methods. The key Concept extraction is a pr More

During last years, many approaches have been presented for the automatic keyword or key phrase extraction. But there are a few approaches for the key concept or key point extraction and they are often based on the statistical methods. The key Concept extraction is a process to identify phrases referring to the concepts of the interests in an unstructured text. In this paper, a new approach has been proposed to the Key Concept Extraction (KCE) by using of FrameNet. This approach is based on the natural language processing methods. The FrameNet is used for shallow semantic parsing of the original texts. Then the concept chains are constructed. For each concept, a score vector with four elements is assigned. Three of them are based on the chains. As the final attempt, a set of concepts is extracted its score are greater than threshold. They contain the most important concept of the main text. The objective and the human-based subjective evaluation have been performed. Precision and recall criteria are investigated. The process of the automatic key concept extraction can be useful in the electronic document indexing, the digital libraries’ building, the categorizing, the text clustering and classifying, the summarizing and the searching. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Semi-Supervised Ensemble Using Confidence Based Selection Metric in Nnon-Stationary Data Streams
shirin khezri jafar tanha ali ahmadi arash Sharifi

In this article, we propose a novel Semi-Supervised Ensemble classifier using Confidence Based Selection metric, named SSE-CBS. The proposed approach uses labeled and unlabeled data, which aims at reacting to different types of concept drift. SSE-CBS combines an accurac More

In this article, we propose a novel Semi-Supervised Ensemble classifier using Confidence Based Selection metric, named SSE-CBS. The proposed approach uses labeled and unlabeled data, which aims at reacting to different types of concept drift. SSE-CBS combines an accuracy-based weighting mechanism known from block-based ensembles with the incremental nature of Hoeffding Tree. The proposed algorithm is experimentally compared to the state-of-the-art stream methods, including supervised, semi-supervised, single classiﬁers, and block-based ensembles in different drift scenarios. Out of all the compared algorithms, SSE-CBS outperforms other semi-supervised ensemble approaches. Experimental results show that SSE-CBS can be considered suitable for scenarios, involving many types of drift in limited labeled data. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Presenting a conceptual model of a comprehensive system of training for specific jobs of the supervisory organization Based on data theory
Masoomeh Bagheri Fardin Batmani Fardin Abdollahi

10.52547/istd.31291.8.30.1

The aim of this study was to provide a conceptual model of a comprehensive education system for the specific jobs of the regulatory organization. In terms of the type of qualitative research and research method, it was systematically derived from Strauss and Corben data More

The aim of this study was to provide a conceptual model of a comprehensive education system for the specific jobs of the regulatory organization. In terms of the type of qualitative research and research method, it was systematically derived from Strauss and Corben data. Potential research participants were all experts, elites and professors working in the specific jobs of the regulatory body. Theoretical purposive sampling was used. The number of participants was 33 people with whom a semi-structured interview was conducted and the individuals who provided the most information and data to answer the questions were selected and the interviews continued until reaching the saturation point and maximum information. Open, axial and selective coding methods, as well as MAXQDA software were used to analyze the information. The results showed: The obtained conceptual model has 673 concepts, 126 components and 18 categories and its categories include: causal conditions with categories: identification of effective factors in poor education, review of the current situation, quantitative status and qualitative factors of training, review In the job description, background conditions with categories: necessity of education, economic, social and legal factors, intervention conditions with categories: policy-making and review of job descriptions and categories of strategies, including: monitoring and evaluation, realistic needs assessment, review of training content and targeting, Implications are also with the categories: developing a comprehensive training system, motivating employees and purposeful planning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Investigating the Relationship between Transfer of Management Skills and Substitutation with the Mediating Role of Coaching in Mobarakeh Steel Company of Isfahan
Iraj Soltani Navid Izadi Elham Ehsanifarid

Abstract Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the transfer of management skills to subordinates and successor parenting according to the mediating role of coaching in Mobarakeh Steel Company of Isfahan. Method: This study More

Abstract Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the transfer of management skills to subordinates and successor parenting according to the mediating role of coaching in Mobarakeh Steel Company of Isfahan. Method: This study was descriptive-correlation in 1398 and its statistical population included 432 managers, deputies, heads and supervisors of Mobarakeh Steel Company. The sample size was obtained through Morgan table of 205 people and the samples were randomized. Simple were selected. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 76 questions that hypothesized after content, formal and structural validity (confirmatory factor analysis method) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha method 0.88) with partial least squares method and SPSS software and SmartPLS 2.0.M3 was analyzed. Results: There was a significant relationship between the transfer of managerial skills (technical, perceptual, human and professional) and succession based on the results obtained. Also, there was a significant relationship between the transfer of managerial and coaching skills and between succession and coaching Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - The role and stance of bees in the illustrations of Masnavi M'anavi
Ruhollah Karimi Noureddinvand Amirhossein saeedipour

10.52547/qap.32283.4.3.109

Abstract In the worldview of mystical and ethical poets, image is one of the most effective strategies to express the transcendent mystical and moral concepts. Rumi, one of the most famous illustrators in the realm of mystical literature, while telling his stories and More

Abstract In the worldview of mystical and ethical poets, image is one of the most effective strategies to express the transcendent mystical and moral concepts. Rumi, one of the most famous illustrators in the realm of mystical literature, while telling his stories and mystical and instructive and teachings in Masnavi M'anavi, has made the concepts tangible for his audience with his intelligent and artistic performance in using images. Amongst most of his poems, especially in Masnavi, nature and its phenomena have a special stance. One of the creatures that Rumi specifically illustrates and mentions in Masnavi is bee and its belongings (nectar, honey, wax and sting).Being aware of the importance of this insect in the Holy Qur'an and emphasizing on some of the most important aspects of its life, Rumi has established a link between this creature and some aspects of human life and used this insect to create real and virtual images of Masnavi to express mystical and moral concepts.Referring to Rumi's illustrations of bees in Masnavi by analyzing its imagery, this study tried to analyze the profound mystical and moral meanings and concepts hidden in these images and achieve knowledge and awareness of this creature and its images in Masnavi through their investigation and expansion. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Developing a Conceptual Framework of Urban Resilience for its Application in Urban Literature, through Thematic Analysis of Texts
mohammad saber Eslamlou Manouchehr Tabibian Mahta Mirmoghtadaiee

Urban resilience is an approach, developed to respond to different unpredictable disasters. It is hypothesized that besides capacity, resistance and ability, there are other elements involved in urban resilience that have to be extracted. It seeks to develop a conceptua More

Urban resilience is an approach, developed to respond to different unpredictable disasters. It is hypothesized that besides capacity, resistance and ability, there are other elements involved in urban resilience that have to be extracted. It seeks to develop a conceptual framework for urban resilience and to present its characteristics through a systematic review of the updated publications. Second, it proposes an inclusive definition of urban resilience, relying on the results of this study, finally, the qualitative data are reviewed to shed light on hidden aspects of urban resilience. This is a qualitative research in which thematic analysis, MAXQDA 13.28 software is used to understand and analyze the data. A collection of 100 publications containing definition of resilience was gathered as data, based on which six characteristics for conceptual framework of urban resilience were extracted as R1 to R6. The extracted results, were confirmed by expert panel and also the keywords were used in CiteSpace software to confirm their inclusion in 1250 published papers in the international journals under WOS index over the period of 2010 to 2020 (i.e. the papers which had ‘urban resilience’ and ‘urban resiliency’ phrases in their topics) and the results were supported. The authors define: “urban resilience is ability of cities to respond in timely manner and to resist during occurring natural or man-made disasters; while adapting and coordinating with new situations, in case of not being collapsed, they will continue their urban functions stronger than the past.” Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Design and validation the model of technological platforms capabilities in the cosmetics industry
Seyed rasoul Hoseini Tooraj sadeghi Ali Hosseinzadeh ساحل فرخيان

10.61186/jstpi.34401.19.76.47

A company's performance depends on its ability to produce a steady stream of new products and the rapid return on large investment costs. Therefore, it is important to adopt product production strategies based on the platform and utilize its capabilities. Therefore, the More

A company's performance depends on its ability to produce a steady stream of new products and the rapid return on large investment costs. Therefore, it is important to adopt product production strategies based on the platform and utilize its capabilities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design and validate the capabilities of technological platforms. The method of the present study is based on a mixed approach and qualitatively and quantitatively in the inductive paradigm. The qualitative population studied in the present study consists of 16 university professors in the field of business management, business management and information technology management. In a small part, managers, supervisors and companies active in the cosmetics industry were included as the statistical population of this study. In order to validate the research model, 150 questionnaires were distributed among the quantitative community. Validation of the present research model was performed using structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach using SMART-PLS software. The analysis of the interview data using the data-based method was based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin (1998) , based on three stages of open, axial and selective coding. This study also showed that causal conditions have a positive and significant effect on the central phenomenon of supply chain integration and organizational integration, the central phenomenon on strategies and strategies on outcomes. Also, the impact of the central phenomenon of research on strategies has been adjusted by the contextual conditions and intervening factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Conceptual Underlyings of Childhood in the Evulution of History: Toward an Islamic Conceptualization of Childhood
Narges Sajadieh

The main aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the evolution of the concept of childhood through human history. First of all, we traced the various meanings of childhood in four historical periods (Ancient period, middle Ages, Renaissance and ultimately contem More

The main aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the evolution of the concept of childhood through human history. First of all, we traced the various meanings of childhood in four historical periods (Ancient period, middle Ages, Renaissance and ultimately contemporary period) and their implications for child education. After that, applying conceptual analysis as our method we attempted to infer the key conceptual elements of childhood. Accordingly, this analysis provides four perspectives against which the conceptual patterns of childhood could be categorized and investigated. These perspectives, in spite of their different definitions and approaches toward child education, put forward four essential questions to be answered by philosophers of education dealing with childhood concept. The dependence of childhood concept on the concept of adulthood, and the nature of this dependence, is related to the first question. The second question is about the value dimensions of human nature and its nascent state in the child. The third question focuses on children’s abilities and the mechanisms of their growth, and the final question is concerned with the various dimensions of these abilities involving cognition, emotion and volition. Along the above line of thought, the four aforementioned components were considered for a possible use in connection with an Islamic approach to child education.This approach attempts to organize educational activities on the basis of the presence of one ability versus the absence of another. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Exploration the Nature of Educational Action from the Viewpoint of End-Means Schema
khosrow Bagheri

Subordination of educational action to End-Means schema is controversial in philosophy of education. Disagreements on this schema are due to different reasons, such as the conflict between this schema with student autonomy and the undermining of moral aspects of educati More

Subordination of educational action to End-Means schema is controversial in philosophy of education. Disagreements on this schema are due to different reasons, such as the conflict between this schema with student autonomy and the undermining of moral aspects of education in this model. On the other hand, the exclusion of educational action from the End-Means schema raises, in turn, some challenges. In order to take an appropriate position on this matter, this paper criticizes the Aristotelian distinction between praxis and poises based on the Islamic conception of action. Based on this critique, an extended version of End-Means schema is introduced for all human actions. Then, the educational action is first explained in terms of an interaction, namely a combination of two actions of educating and being educated issued by the educator and the pupil respectively and each of these actions is analyzed in relation of the suggested schema. In the end, it is shown that how the suggested schema is free from the weaknesses and defects of the traditional explanation of action. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - The Conceptual Analysis of “Tarbiat” in Persian and “Education” in English
دکتر طیبه توسلی

This article aims to consider and compare some concepts in Persian having the closest meanings to the concept of “education” in English. The main concept is “tarbiat”. The method of research is conceptual analysis for denoting some similarities and differences between t More

This article aims to consider and compare some concepts in Persian having the closest meanings to the concept of “education” in English. The main concept is “tarbiat”. The method of research is conceptual analysis for denoting some similarities and differences between the terms “tarbiat” and “education” in terms of etymological meaning, ordinary language, conceptual change, and contemporary usages. The results shows that both "education" and "Tarbiat" imply spiritual and physical development in etymological meaning; "Tarbiat" like "education" is a fluid word and has had some changes in its meaning from the past to the present time. In terms of the ordinary language, there are some similarities between the two words. Also, in the current usage, both the word “education” and the term “ta’lim va tarbiat” refer basically to teaching, learning and schooling. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Plato’s Idealism as the Logic of Exploring Ideas and Their Implications in Education
مجتبی پورکریمی هاوشکی رسول اسکندری مراد یاری دهنوی

The main aim of this essay is to explain Plato’s idealism in terms of general concepts and their educational implications. In this research, which is of a qualitative kind using the inferential method, the works of Plato, along with the books and articles related to his More

The main aim of this essay is to explain Plato’s idealism in terms of general concepts and their educational implications. In this research, which is of a qualitative kind using the inferential method, the works of Plato, along with the books and articles related to his opinions are investigated. The research attempts to answer these questions. How is Platonic Idealism explained in terms of defining general concepts? What are educational implications of Plato' thought? The results indicate that Plato seeks to explain general concept as the representation of ideas. For him, these ideas are real but immaterial beings. The main elements of definition are concept and example. One of the main functions of general concepts is the use of them as a criterion for action in partial and objective situations, concepts that all have essential and necessary conditions and it can be distinguished on the basis of topics and also it can be put the plural things (examples) under a general concept. In terms of educational implications, Plato’s idealism entails a shift towards a concept-based framework in education including rebuilding curriculum, teaching methods, teacher and student relationship, and evaluation based on the discovery of general concepts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - Methodological Exploration of the Conceptual Analysis Process in the Islamic Philosophy of Education Based on the Theory of Conventional Perceptions of M.H. Tabatabaie
sara hanifehzadeh alireza sadeghzdeh ahad faramarz gharamaleki Mohsen Imani Naeini

The purpose of this paper is to present a methodological exploration of the process of analyzing educational concepts in philosophy of education with an Islamic approach based on the theory of conventional perceptions of M.H. Tabatabaie. The findings show firstly that e More

The purpose of this paper is to present a methodological exploration of the process of analyzing educational concepts in philosophy of education with an Islamic approach based on the theory of conventional perceptions of M.H. Tabatabaie. The findings show firstly that educational concepts have these characteristics: 1. Conventional and normative, and therefore the impossibility of connecting them to facts and the truth 2. Not having a productive relationship with the obvious and theoretical theorems. 3. The possibility of change. 4- The possibility of the psychological connection of these types of concepts with the set of facts and needs of human existence. Therefore, it is necessary for educators to integrate these realities and existential needs in the process of analyzing educational concepts. Secondly, the most important criteria for accreditation of such concepts are: 1- Validity of values and supporting propositions, 2- Efficiency (in meeting the needs of human beings), and 3- Compatibility with other social values. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - Methodological Exploration of the Conceptual Analysis Process in the Islamic Philosophy of Education Based on the Theory of Conventional Perceptions of M.H. Tabatabaie
sara hanifehzadeh alireza sadeghzdeh ahad faramarz gharamaleki Mohsen Imani Naeini

The purpose of this paper is to present a methodological exploration of the process of analyzing educational concepts in philosophy of education with an Islamic approach based on the theory of conventional perceptions of M.H. Tabatabaie. The findings show firstly that e More

The purpose of this paper is to present a methodological exploration of the process of analyzing educational concepts in philosophy of education with an Islamic approach based on the theory of conventional perceptions of M.H. Tabatabaie. The findings show firstly that educational concepts have these characteristics: 1. Conventional and normative, and therefore the impossibility of connecting them to facts and the truth 2. Not having a productive relationship with the obvious and theoretical theorems. 3. The possibility of change. 4- The possibility of the psychological connection of these types of concepts with the set of facts and needs of human existence. Therefore, it is necessary for educators to integrate these realities and existential needs in the process of analyzing educational concepts. Secondly, the most important criteria for accreditation of such concepts are: 1- Validity of values and supporting propositions, 2- Efficiency (in meeting the needs of human beings), and 3- Compatibility with other social values Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Conceptualizing Entrepreneurial Marketing in Iran’s Hotel Industry; a qualitative approach
Morteza Khazaei Pool Abolfazl Tajzadehnamin Hamid Zargham Boroojeni mehdi karoubi

This paper tries to identify the dimensions and indicators of entrepreneurial marketing in the hotel industry by establishing a link between three areas of marketing, entrepreneurship and the hotel industry. The research method is a qualitative exploratory method. To ga More

This paper tries to identify the dimensions and indicators of entrepreneurial marketing in the hotel industry by establishing a link between three areas of marketing, entrepreneurship and the hotel industry. The research method is a qualitative exploratory method. To gather data, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 senior hotel managers in Tehran to discover the dimensions and indicators of entrepreneurial marketing in the hotel industry. The results of the interviews showed that the dimensions of the entrepreneurial marketing comprised 62 indicators and eleven dimensions of “risk management,” “innovativeness,” “proactiveness,” “customer orientation,” “competitor orientation,” “opportunity orientation,” “pioneerism,” “networking,” “being updated,” “supply and participation” and “value creation.” The review and critique comparison of the result in manufacturing, retail, food and information technology industry indicated that the dimensions and indicators of the concept of entrepreneurial marketing in the hotel industry were different from non-tourism and hospitality businesses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Social Impact Assessment of BRT Line Displacement in Mowlavi Street
Zahra Khastoo

Deputy of Transportation and Traffic of Tehran Municipal Region 12 has presented a plan to displace the BRT line from the south side of Mowlavi Street to the middle in order to increase safety and organize public transportation. This paper aims to study the social and c More

Deputy of Transportation and Traffic of Tehran Municipal Region 12 has presented a plan to displace the BRT line from the south side of Mowlavi Street to the middle in order to increase safety and organize public transportation. This paper aims to study the social and cultural impacts of this intervention on the social life of Mowlavi Street in accordance with the stakeholders’ needs, situations, and opinions. The main methodology of this research is based on qualitative approach and phenomenological method using in-depth interview and focus group techniques. Accordingly, relying on the theoretical framework of livability. several concepts such as sustainability, sustainable transportation, quality of life and safety have been brought forth. The findings indicate that the displacement of Mowlavi BRT line can increase street safety; however, this requires a high level of organizational cooperation of Traffic Police on this street. On the other hand, one-way to two-way street conversion which is also aligned with the local residents’ and businesses’ social and economic benefits in Harandi and Takhti neighborhoods, can increase the transportation demand for Mowlavi Street. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - A Critical Study of Suhrawardī’s Method of Defining Things
Mohammad Hosseinzadeh

Suhrawardī has leveled five criticisms in order to demonstrate the inefficiency of the Peripatetic theory of definition and, in return, has suggested another method for defining things. This method, which is known as the “conceptual definition”, is based on a common sen More

Suhrawardī has leveled five criticisms in order to demonstrate the inefficiency of the Peripatetic theory of definition and, in return, has suggested another method for defining things. This method, which is known as the “conceptual definition”, is based on a common sense understanding of the meanings of words. According to this method, words are defined through providing their conceptual bases in the view of linguists or the people of language. Here, the author firstly explains Suhrawardī’s method of defining things and then examines it critically. The critical analysis of his view reveals that the logical conclusion of his criticism of the Peripatetic theory of definition is the correction of this theory through employing intuition rather than leaving the definition of things based on their quiddity aside and advocating the theory of conceptual definition. Moreover, Suhrawardī’s theory of definition, as a replacement for its Peripatetic counterpart, suffers from several problems. Therefore, even if Suhrawardī’s objections to the Peripatetics’ theory of definition are accepted, his own method in this regard is not acceptable by itself. At the end of this paper, the author explains and criticizes the views of a contemporary researcher of Suhrawardī’s ideas who believes that the relationship between Ibn Sīnā’s and Suhrawardī’s logic of definition is one of completion rather than difference. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - A Study of the Quality of Abstraction of Philosophical Concepts Based on the Principles of the Transcendent Philosophy
Mojtaba Rahmanian Koushkaki Mohsen Heidari Seyyed Mohammad Musawy

The common view is that philosophical concepts, such as existence, unity, causality, and necessity, have no objective existence and, even if they have, Man is not capable of perceiving them. This is because Man’s encounter with the world of sensibles is through the sens More

The common view is that philosophical concepts, such as existence, unity, causality, and necessity, have no objective existence and, even if they have, Man is not capable of perceiving them. This is because Man’s encounter with the world of sensibles is through the senses, which can only perceive sensible qualities of objects and are not even capable of perceiving all accidents. Based on these two points, the abstraction of philosophical concepts from external sensible realities seems to be totally impossible. Following a descriptive-analytic method and based on some of the principles of the Transcendent Philosophy, including the subsistence and affirmation of philosophical concepts in the outside and the quality of the existence of the soul and the quality of perceiving it, this study is intended to demonstrate that philosophical concepts are attained directly and without any intermediary from the heart of sensory perceptions. Although this theory does not exist in Mullā Ṣadrā’s works, his philosophical principles fittingly provide the context for such an explanation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - NATO's Political and Military Strategy for 2030 and Global Implications
Rahim Baizidi Asgar Safari

The dynamic nature of the international order and distribution of power has transformed the international environment into an arena of rapid political, military, and security developments. The establishment of NATO was also the result of one of these developments, inclu More

The dynamic nature of the international order and distribution of power has transformed the international environment into an arena of rapid political, military, and security developments. The establishment of NATO was also the result of one of these developments, including rapid expansion of Soviet's military and geopolitical power. The organization has faced many challenges throughout its life, one of the most important of which was the collapse of the Soviet Union and the disappearance of its founding philosophy. But in the post-Cold War era of international relations, NATO not only sustained its life by relying on its strategic concepts, using Russia's in its domestic power transition, as well as highlighting emerging threats such as terrorism, but also increased its members from 16 countries -before the collapse of the Soviet Union- to 30 countries in 2020. Despite NATO's high level of adaptation to international developments, the global distribution of power is changing rapidly, posing fundamental challenges to the organization. The present study seeks to address three key issues, including the challenges and threats facing NATO in assessing the international political and security environment, NATO's strategy for dealing with these threats, and finally its consequences. Using a descriptive-analytical method, while extracting the system of threats facing NATO, this article deals with some of the most important pillars of NATO's strategy for implementation until 2030. Finally, the global implications of NATO's new strategy are analyzed as well. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - Analyzing the Evolution of the Level of Politeness inThe Persian-Speaking Community of Iran (1350-1390) Based on the Corpus Analysis
Elham Izadi Mehrdad Meshkinfam

One of the socio-cognitive factors that is encoded in each language using different linguistic tools is the concept of politeness. Understanding and expressing the abstract concept of politeness is only possible through objective concepts; That is, the understanding of More

One of the socio-cognitive factors that is encoded in each language using different linguistic tools is the concept of politeness. Understanding and expressing the abstract concept of politeness is only possible through objective concepts; That is, the understanding of these abstract concepts is facilitated by expressing these concepts in an objective form. Since encoding the concept of politeness in language is a linguistic feature that shapes the surrounding environment and changes over time; In this research, we will express the concept of politeness in the Persian language objectively and concretely and we will try to answer the question that "does the Iranian Persian-speaking community use the possibilities of expressing politeness more than before and as a result if these possibilities have increased in Farsi?" In other words, "Has the Persian-speaking society become more polite?" In fact, we want to know if the Iranian society has become more polite in the past five decades or not. In order to find the answer to this question, we have to examine the cognitive and mental representation of the concept of politeness in the Persian language in order to determine whether it has had a downward or upward trend. In order to investigate this issue, several different linguistic tools, including the frequency of occurrence of conceptual metaphors, permissible metaphors, idioms, euphemisms, and figures of speech. This study can show the changes of politeness over time and the possible reasons (social, political, and cultural reasons) of these changes in the Persian language in each decade. Based on this, the cognitive model of the Persian language can be presented from the point of view of politeness. The body examined in this research includes the following: speeches of political officials, movies, press texts (newspapers and magazines) and songs. The results of the research show that rudeness has been on the rise over the past 50 years. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - The Correspondence Between Quranic Expressive Approaches and Modern Western Art Schools In Virtue Of Concept
Zahra Abdollah

Accounting the Quranic explications “Naught is there but its treasuries are with Us, and We send it not down but in a known measure” (Al-Hejr: 21) and “That is the bounty of God; He gives it to whom He will”(Al-Jom’eh: 4), present paper regards Western art creations in More

Accounting the Quranic explications “Naught is there but its treasuries are with Us, and We send it not down but in a known measure” (Al-Hejr: 21) and “That is the bounty of God; He gives it to whom He will”(Al-Jom’eh: 4), present paper regards Western art creations in virtue of “concept” worthy of reflection and reconsideration. It unearths the basic ideas and fundamental principles of modern art schools and explores their relation to the Holy Quran’s expressive approaches in reflecting intended issues. Thus, the question here would be “what is the correspondence between Quranic styles of representation and modes of expression in modern art schools?" We restrict ourselves to the influential Euro-American movements of late 19th to early 21st century influencing the contemporary art currents. The methodology of this qualitative and exploratory research is descriptive and analytical, and it benefits from critical theory of Deleuze and Guattari. The investigated schools and their related “concepts” include Romanticism, Naturalism, Realism, Impressionism, Pointillism, Symbolism, Expressionism, Cubism, Futurism, Dadaism, Constructivism, Surrealism, Hyperrealism, Conceptualism, Participative/Interactive art, Abstractionism, Minimalism, and Deconstructivism. According to this research, there is certain congruity and correspondence between Quranic expressive approaches and modern art school’s methods of expression or representation in virtue of “concept”. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - Conceptual Modeling of Female Genital Mutilation Complications in Kermanshah: a Grounded Theory Study
osman mahmoudi

This study is a qualitative study that aimed to phenomenologically examine the lived experience of female FGM victims, to develop a conceptual framework for professionals working with female FGM survivors. The current study population consisted of all circumcised women. More

This study is a qualitative study that aimed to phenomenologically examine the lived experience of female FGM victims, to develop a conceptual framework for professionals working with female FGM survivors. The current study population consisted of all circumcised women. Participants were selected through a snowball sampling to saturation (20 participants), and semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 female survivors of genital mutilation. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using grounded theory and three coding phases. Culture, religion, male role, lack of education, female identity, and fraud were identified as key factors influencing survivors' understanding of FGM and its consequences. Female FGM survivors' experiences, as well as their beliefs about the practice, affected their emotional lives, relationships, identities, and bodies. The fear of female genital mutilation described by survivors undermined their resilience. All major categories of emotional, relational, identity, and physical consequences of FGM, as well as survivors' resilience, were influenced by key stages of womanhood, such as menstruation, marriage, and childbirth. These factors were reinforced based on their needs. This is a lack of satisfaction and the health system does not pay attention to the needs of these women. It is impossible to study the physical and psychological consequences of FGM in isolation and without considering the cultural context and life cycle of female FGM survivors. In addition, The issue weakens survivors' resilience to living with FGM. There are complex relationships between the physical, psychological, and social consequences of FGM and the culture of FGM, which should inform health policy and medical care for survivors to meet their needs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - Analysis of the concept of citizenship in elementary social science books
Abdul Hossein Peshgo Amina Ojaghi Ezra Hamdi

The present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the concept of citizenship in elementary social science books. The research method in this research is descriptive and content analysis type. In this research, the content of the social studies textbook has More

The present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the concept of citizenship in elementary social science books. The research method in this research is descriptive and content analysis type. In this research, the content of the social studies textbook has been examined and analyzed in terms of compliance with the components of the citizenship education approach. The purpose of the research was to investigate the use of citizenship education concepts in the content of social studies textbooks in elementary school. research method, quantitative content analysis; The statistical population of the research has been the textbook of social studies in elementary school. Nowadays, with the change of society in all social, economic, cultural and political matters, there is a need for citizens who have the ability to solve various personal and social problems and have the ability to build a better life. It is felt. In this context, one of the main institutions responsible for educating people and equipping them with various skills and attitudes to create a healthy society is the institution of education. Education of responsible and knowledgeable citizens is one of the most central and fundamental missions of education in different countries. Every country, in the form of formal and informal education, has the task of preparing its citizens to enter social, economic, political and cultural life, which it does in the form of direct education of citizenship through the inclusion of a course title of the same name or in the form of teaching different subjects. . Citizenship education is pursued at all levels of education, but this goal is in the primary period, where students are expected to play a role as a responsible and independent person in the development of their personal and social affairs and acquire relative abilities in performing social, political and economic tasks. It is especially important for educational systems. For this reason, in this research, an attempt is made to investigate the role of fifth and sixth grade social science books in the degree of attention paid to citizenship concepts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - Conceptualization of dwarfism; emphasizing the dark side of succession
maryam razmjou jafar beikzad

One of the styles about which the studies done are not rich enough is dwarf breeding. This style is the dark edge of succession; Because in our country, the discussion of surrogacy has always been used, but it has not been continuously developed in our system. One of th More

One of the styles about which the studies done are not rich enough is dwarf breeding. This style is the dark edge of succession; Because in our country, the discussion of surrogacy has always been used, but it has not been continuously developed in our system. One of their destructive and dysfunctional aspects is dwarfism. In fact, dwarfism is one of the factors indicating the basic problem in the administrative health of government organizations. On the other hand, despite the existence of various metaphors in the field of organizational pathology, if we consider the emergence of destructive phenomena in organizations, dwarfism can play a destructive role in the organization, which should be fully investigated. Based on this, the present research is important and necessary because of the conceptualization of dwarfism, our ways of thinking, seeing and understanding about the complex phenomenon of dwarfism will change. Also, the conceptualization of dwarfism provides an important capacity to the stakeholders of the organization; A capacity that indicates the ability to use the perception of disease in humans to help understand the organization and develop organizational knowledge in the face of problems, so that based on this, the audience can deepen their knowledge about dwarfism both objectively and subjectively. and give more wealth and also public sector managers get a better understanding of the process of dwarfism that if they see signs of the phenomenon of dwarfism in their organizations, while diagnosing dwarfism, they can prevent, correct and treat it . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - Concepts and methods of teachers in geological field work
hamidreza moslemidoust

Geology learning taught in secondary schools has undergone changes over time. Many researchers are looking for new strategies or trying to modify existing strategies to improve the teaching methods of this subject and help the emergence of active, critical and decisive More

Geology learning taught in secondary schools has undergone changes over time. Many researchers are looking for new strategies or trying to modify existing strategies to improve the teaching methods of this subject and help the emergence of active, critical and decisive citizens. Fieldwork is an increasingly popular strategy for integrated learning in the geosciences. In this research, we sought to identify the type and frequency of fieldwork performed by geology teachers. Also, our goal was to understand the importance of fieldwork in earth science education. For this purpose, a survey was prepared and answered by 16 11th grade biology and geology teachers. The results show that most teachers resort to fieldwork up to three times a year. Also, teachers know that the most suitable type of fieldwork for this level of teaching is problem-solving fieldwork. However, most of the activities carried out by the teachers show that they usually use the direct observation type of field work. These results show that teachers need training at the level of implementing problem-solving field work. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Applications of moral restrictions in Kurdish and Persian literature
amir msto muhammed abdolnaser nazariani mohammad amir obaydinia

Persian and Kurdish languages are related and this closeness can be seen in grammatical and linguistic categories. The main goal of this research is the application of moral restrictions in Kurdish and Persian literature. The research method is descriptive-comparative; More

Persian and Kurdish languages are related and this closeness can be seen in grammatical and linguistic categories. The main goal of this research is the application of moral restrictions in Kurdish and Persian literature. The research method is descriptive-comparative; more precisely, grammar is a part of linguistics that discusses the phonetic, morphological, syntactic and semantic construction of language. Anyway, this research is a grammatical research that deals with the comparative analysis of adverbs from the perspective of structure, dependence, usage, etc. in Persian and Kurdish languages.Each part is divided into smaller parts according to the requirements of the research. In each case, the relevant definitions were extracted from reliable sources and then examples were mentioned for it, and finally, the definitions and concepts were looked at with a critical eye and criticisms were made wherever needed. The results showed that although the review How to construct qidir to sub-inmeh in the group and in the sentence is subject to investigation, but in general, they are the same in the two languages under investigation. In such a way that in Persian and Kurdish languages, the qiid groups are of the same type and in the structural conditions of the qiid in Kurdish and Persian languages, they are similar to each other. Also, the constraint is not changeable in terms of word formation in Kurdish and Persian. From the point of view of meaning, all Kurdish and Persian words are the same. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - The developed framework for the conceptual model of the Strategic Foresight for Creativity-Based Rural Tourism in Iran in Horizon of 2045
Farhad Darvishi Sehtolani Bijan Khalil-Moghaddam Rohullah Bayat Safar Fazli Ali Zangiabadi

Purpose: Considering the importance and position of rural tourism and creative approach in the development of the future rural of Iran, and also considering the lack of a study in the field of Creativity-Based Rural Tourism based on a future-oriented perspective; How to More

Purpose: Considering the importance and position of rural tourism and creative approach in the development of the future rural of Iran, and also considering the lack of a study in the field of Creativity-Based Rural Tourism based on a future-oriented perspective; How to conduct such a research is questionable. Therefore, the main goal of article is to present the framework of the proposed model for the strategic foresight of the development of Iran's Creativity-Based Rural Tourism in horizon of 2045. Research Methodology: This article based on the purpose, is developmental and applied type and is among qualitative, interpretive, exploratory, inductive, survey and descriptive researches. The statistical population includes literature related to the research title published from 2000 to 2020. Information sampling method and representative sampling method were used. The statistical sample consists of 40 studies. To collectting data and information, the survey and qualitative trend extrapolation methods were used, and meta-analysis method was used for analysis. Findings: The proposed model consisting of 3 stages. The input phase is intellectual and software in nature and with the purpose of preparation. The intellectualization stage includes knowledge acquisition, integration and intellectualization, and finally creation as an output that includes two tangible products and intangible. Discussion and conclusion: In the mentioned proposed model, the intended platform for the realization of the model is a collaborative, networked, flexible and sliding platform, creativity-oriented and based on continuous education (pluralism and connoisseurship), and the factor of imagination and creativity plays a prominent role in design and implementation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - A comparative study of the concept of home among children of two cities (Shiraz and Noujin)
Fahimeh Abbasi Tahereh Nasr Keivan Mohamadpur

Abstract The concept of “home” transcends its physical existence, manifesting as an intellectual image. In essence, a house is a place to live and reach peace and comfort. The term “house” encompasses two distinct aspects of meaning and concep More

Abstract The concept of “home” transcends its physical existence, manifesting as an intellectual image. In essence, a house is a place to live and reach peace and comfort. The term “house” encompasses two distinct aspects of meaning and concept, which are different from each other. The aspect of the house meaning is an objective reality of a place where a person resides, but the concept of the house is a mental perception. Understanding the concept of home necessitates a thorough analysis of each individual's mindset regarding their living space. The purpose of this research is a comparative assessment of the home concept among 9-10-year-old children residing in Shiraz and Nojin cities. The research methodology involves content analysis utilizing argumentative analogies along with information gathering through library and documentary studies, Persian and Latin articles, and field research. By analyzing and examining thirty samples of children's drawings from these cities, it is possible to identify the similarities and differences in their mental images of the home concept. Result of this examination and analysis is anticipated several conceptual codes can be obtained. From the summation of these conceptual codes, the home concept among the children of these cities can be found, encompassing themes such as peace, comfort, comfort, security, and prosperity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - The Role Of Good Faith Principle In Iranian Law And International Commercial Contracts (During Negotiation, Conclusion, Performance And Interpretation Of Contracts)
Nazila Taghavi

10.61186/ahrar.45870.4.7.1

Good faith principle, as one of the ethical principles, has a significant place in contract law. In our law, there is no separate article to observe good faith. However, by searching the provisions of various laws, especially insurance laws, and referring to them, we ca More

Good faith principle, as one of the ethical principles, has a significant place in contract law. In our law, there is no separate article to observe good faith. However, by searching the provisions of various laws, especially insurance laws, and referring to them, we can infer a general rule for observing good faith in laws and make the parties to the contract obliged to observe it in all stages of the contract, including negotiation, conclusion, performance and interpretation. In fact, legal examples such as options, provisions regarding coercion and necessity, non-reliability of defects, deals of bankrupt merchants after acceptance, etc. can be considered as evidence of accepting this principle in Iranian law. On the other hand, according to Article 1-7 of the Principles of International Commercial Contracts, the parties must act in accordance with good faith and fair dealing. Therefore, the principle of good faith must be observed in all stages of the contract. The function of this rule can be seen in various provisions of these principles. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - The Nature and Eternity of Human Soul in Descartes
Asieh Bistooni Mohammad Akvan Mahdi Najafi Afra

<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roma More

<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">The soul is one of the most frequently used terms in Descartes’ philosophical works and one of the fundamental concepts employed in the structure of his philosophy. In fact, without considering the meaning and concept of the soul, one cannot perceive the essence of his philosophical system. He views the soul as an immaterial substance that is different from the body in the real sense of the word and can exist without the body. Descartes maintains that the soul is an essentially immaterial and decomposable substance that, after its destruction or the postmortem decomposition of the body, continues its life in the light of its essential immateriality bearing the memory of its union with the body. He has posed certain arguments on the immaterial nature of the human soul, such as the possibility of doubting the existence of bodies, the needlessness of the concept of the soul from corporal attributes, God’s power as to creating two elements with each one being clearly and distinctly perceivable, and the oneness and indecomposability of the soul. Accordingly, he believes in three substances of God, soul, and body in distinction from each other. He intends a true distinction when he refers to distinction of substances; however, this reference has become problematic for him, and he must clarify how two truly distinct substances can affect each other in unison. He has tried to resolve this problem by placing the vapor soul, the “pineal gland”, and the faculty of imagination as intermediaries or by establishing a kind of balance or even substantial unity between them. Nevertheless, the more he has tried to resolve the problem, the more he has been challenged. He has also presented two completely different standpoints regarding the eternity of the soul, which must be demonstrated based on rational and philosophical arguments. However, in his second stance, he introduces the mortality of the soul as a completely religious category and states that the eternity of the soul cannot be realized merely within the framework of the natural intellect and without seeking help from faith. Descartes has also been unsuccessful in this regard and failed to prove his claim. Manuscript profile

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