pathology

Open Access Article

1 - Analysis of the Social Pathology Due old Texture Dugonbadan City in Using the Security Approach (Gachsaran Town ship)
Mohammad Hasel nejad Ali Shamsoddini Mohammad Reza Rezaei

Today, urban old Texture have caused many anomalies to the inhabitants of this texture and even to other parts of the city. One of the most important problems and abnormalities is the social security issue of this Texture. Which has become one of the most imp More

Today, urban old Texture have caused many anomalies to the inhabitants of this texture and even to other parts of the city. One of the most important problems and abnormalities is the social security issue of this Texture. Which has become one of the most important issues facing urban management. The main objective of this research is to identify the issues and social damage existing in the context of the worn-out urban areas of Gachsaran city (Douganbadan) in terms of security. This is an applied research, using descriptive-analytic method.The method of collecting information is also inductive-scorecard and deductive. The statistical population of this research is 384 people was obtained according to the Bridgesh and Morgan tables, which increased to 400 for more reliability. They were selected by random sampling method. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results of the study indicate that the Security damage to the earthenware in the old Texture with an average of 8.47 is higher than the average. The Q-test at a significant level of 95% confirms the poor condition of the security damage in the old Texture sites. Also, Pearson statistical analysis, one-sample t-test and multivariate regression analysis indicate a correlation between old Texture and social security, Inappropriate status of social security aspect of the old Texture from the viewpoint of citizens and in the multivariate analysis, the coefficient of explanation for all factors was significant at the level of 0.99. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The pathology of rural production cooperative in the process of rural development sustainable Case Study : rural production cooperative in Saveh city*
gity salahiesfahani

This article is the result of field research done with the aim of pathology rural cooperatives in the process of rural development sustainable Saveh city. As well as economic and social aspect since to achieve development requires economic development which depends More

This article is the result of field research done with the aim of pathology rural cooperatives in the process of rural development sustainable Saveh city. As well as economic and social aspect since to achieve development requires economic development which depends on the development in industry services and agriculture the agric cultural prod unction cooperatives in rural are lever for economic and social development production cooperative can be optimum effective in living conditions, work ,and production and promote effective income and social status. Of course the dynamics and the changes are necessary in the production cooperative when it is efficient and effective for targeted , systematic, planned which is based on sustainability considerations in all aspects of economic social and environmental in this context rural production cooperatives faced obstacles as one of the problems for pertain. This article attempts to calibrate methods and Workshops (PRA) Questionnaires (based on theoretical models and literature) Inter View Was Conducted. Interviews Was Done After Collection Data Through The Software SPSS . Out Put and the Data. statistical research Members Of The Cooperative Based In The SAVEH City Of Rural With A Sample Of 110People .And Was Mad Multi-Stage Random Sampling .According To The Study .The Results Indicate Serious Damages threading Production Cooperatives In Saveh City .In Viewpoint Of Economic And Social Indicators ,In Clueing Farmers’ Income Improver Production Knowledge And Social Trust Maximum Average (3’44.9) And The Minimum Average (2’0967 ) Rerates To The Economic Aspect And Social Dimension. It Is Suggested That Grants Facilities And Equipment Participation Awareness And Empowerment Production Be On The Agenda Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The pathology of construction of pedestrian paths in Tehran city (case study: 15 Khordad square and Imam Hossein square)
parvaneh shahhoseyni

The presence of pedestrians in the sidewalks (pedestrian paths), have positive effect on the body of city, so that sidewalks are considered as one of the civil revitalization of urban centers. So building of sidewalks is one of the traffic restriction policies and is pe More

The presence of pedestrians in the sidewalks (pedestrian paths), have positive effect on the body of city, so that sidewalks are considered as one of the civil revitalization of urban centers. So building of sidewalks is one of the traffic restriction policies and is performed to improve the urban environment as a place for life. The aim of present study is pathology of construction of pedestrian paths in 15 Khordad square and Imam Hossein Square from viewpoint of body and economic (activity) components and this study has used including library and measuring method. The statistical society is two types. One of them is the all applications placed in the square body of 15 Khordad square and square body of Imam Hossein square and the other is the trades peoples of these studies districts which its volume is determined based on Kokaran formula respectively are 82 peoples and 140 peoples. The data in two sketches are analyzed based on descriptive indices by excel program. The obtained results have shown that we can not build a sidewalk in every street for better interactions of citizenry and we must more attention to environmental conditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Pathology of Ascetic Behavior in Persian Sufi Literature
علی‌اکبر کیوانفر

Asceticism, like other cultural phenomena, because of the special level it attained in Islamic Sufism has a great tendency to deviate from its primary origin and roll towards different kinds of damages. Muslim ascetics, themselves, were the first serious critics in the More

Asceticism, like other cultural phenomena, because of the special level it attained in Islamic Sufism has a great tendency to deviate from its primary origin and roll towards different kinds of damages. Muslim ascetics, themselves, were the first serious critics in the domain of asceticism pathology, and have identified and fixed the damage from different angles. General account of this subject reveals that damages like falling into traps of arrogance, pride, an unfaithful and tradesman- like attitude towards ascetic efforts and using hypocrisy to gain public acceptance, have been noticed by the prominent characters of this domain since the first centuries of spreading Islamic asceticism and Sufism, and it has even been accelerated as the damages expanded more. This critical intra- discoursal view which is a prominent part of the Sufi literature has been much more successful in refining the Islamic asceticism. This article tends to display the unique and special role of pathological intra-discoursal view by refining it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Mitosis detection in breast cancer histological images based on texture features using AdaBoost
Sooshiant Zakariapour Hamid Jazayeri Mehdi Ezoji

10.7508/jist.2017.18.003

Counting mitotic figures present in tissue samples from a patient with cancer, plays a crucial role in assessing the patient’s survival chances. In clinical practice, mitotic cells are counted manually by pathologists in order to grade the proliferative activity of brea More

Counting mitotic figures present in tissue samples from a patient with cancer, plays a crucial role in assessing the patient’s survival chances. In clinical practice, mitotic cells are counted manually by pathologists in order to grade the proliferative activity of breast tumors. However, detecting mitoses under a microscope is a labourious, time-consuming task which can benefit from computer aided diagnosis. In this research we aim to detect mitotic cells present in breast cancer tissue, using only texture and pattern features. To classify cells into mitotic and non-mitotic classes, we use an AdaBoost classifier, an ensemble learning method which uses other (weak) classifiers to construct a strong classifier. 11 different classifiers were used separately as base learners, and their classification performance was recorded. The proposed ensemble classifier is tested on the standard MITOS-ATYPIA-14 dataset, where a pixel window around each cells center was extracted to be used as training data. It was observed that an AdaBoost that used Logistic Regression as its base learner achieved a F1 Score of 0.85 using only texture features as input which shows a significant performance improvement over status quo. It also observed that "Decision Trees" provides the best recall among base classifiers and "Random Forest" has the best Precision. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Pathology of Selection and Appointment Primary School Principals in District 5 of Isfahan
Elham Ghaderi Zefreh asghar zamani Mahtab Pouratashi

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathology of the system of selection and appointment of primary school principals in the academic year of 2019-2020 in District 5 of Isfahan in an applied method with a combined approach. In the qualitative section, semi- More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathology of the system of selection and appointment of primary school principals in the academic year of 2019-2020 in District 5 of Isfahan in an applied method with a combined approach. In the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews with snow experts were performed by sampling snowballs with 10 experts in the field of education in Isfahan, and their analysis was performed through content analysis. In a small part of 215 primary schools in Isfahan District 5, 138 schools were selected based on Krejcie and Morgan table as a sample size and data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire and the results were analyzed at both descriptive and inferential levels. Statistics were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that the current situation of the system of selection and appointment of primary school principals in Isfahan District 5 is unfavorable and the main challenges include the lack of specialized fields for training principals in Farhangian University, lack of capable manpower, lack of database. , Lack of knowledge and mastery of managers with specialized courses and required for the elementary course, which can be solved with tools such as placing an internship for new managers, using experienced managers as support, creating a training center for future managers Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Pathology of Good Governance Components (Accountability and Justice and Fairness) in Markazi Province Jihad Organization
رستم درخشان Reza Najafbagy Karamolah Daneshfard Nazanin Pilevary

The main goal of this study is "Pathology of Good Governance Elements (Responsiveness and Justice and Justice), to provide a solution to the Marine Enterprise Jihad." This research is descriptive, survey and survey and has been used by the most common methods. The stati More

The main goal of this study is "Pathology of Good Governance Elements (Responsiveness and Justice and Justice), to provide a solution to the Marine Enterprise Jihad." This research is descriptive, survey and survey and has been used by the most common methods. The statistical population of the study is 408, and according to the Morgan table, 200 people are considered as a statistical sample. Sampling was done in a clustered way and within the classes by simple random method. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts and factor analysis and validated by Cronbach's alpha (0.89). The findings of this research show that there are differences in the components of accountability, justice and fair between the status quo and the desired situation. Therefore, in order to reduce the gap between the current situation and the optimum condition of each component, the damage is identified and the solution is expressed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The position of Islamic ethics standards in the field of negative consequences of quoting meaning and its reflection in prophetic narrations
Roohollah Samadi Ali Hossein Ehteshami Seyed Hamid Hosseini

Quotation of meaning means that the narrator expresses the meaning that the infallible (AS) has expressed in the form of words in other words and conveys the meaning. Undoubtedly, the approach of the phenomenon of quoting meaning to the hadiths has been accompanied by a More

Quotation of meaning means that the narrator expresses the meaning that the infallible (AS) has expressed in the form of words in other words and conveys the meaning. Undoubtedly, the approach of the phenomenon of quoting meaning to the hadiths has been accompanied by afflictions. The meaning of the word, which is based on certain words, may be lost due to the narration of the meaning, its charm and literary points, and sometimes lead to spiritual distortion or verbal stagnation. Shiite and Sunni scholars have been the ones who have caused damage to the credibility of the Prophetic narrations.Difference of hadiths, anxiety in the text, change and distortion, excess and deficiency in hadiths and similar conversion to firmness are among the negative consequences of narration. -An analysis with library technique. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Sociological Analysis of Children's Civil Society in Iran
Taghi Azad Armaki Maryam Sha’ban

This study seeks to study and analyze the civil society related to children in Iran. In this regard, with the qualitative approach and the method of monography and content analysis, she has analyzed two examples of active children's domain associations in Iran. The resu More

This study seeks to study and analyze the civil society related to children in Iran. In this regard, with the qualitative approach and the method of monography and content analysis, she has analyzed two examples of active children's domain associations in Iran. The results show that the "pathological approach" to child-related civil society in Iran casts a shadow, indicating the dominance of the "American-English approach" to child-related civil society in Iran. And, unlike the title of licenses, associations are directly and indirectly affiliated with government agencies and seek to attract positive reviews from organizations for the three purposes of "obtaining financial support", "gaining legitimacy" and "reputation". They are government. Therefore, these associations, in effect, seek "economic profitability"; therefore, the domination of "rationality" and "market logic" over the inherent rationality that permeates civil society in Iran, especially in related fields. They are targeted with children; and children are purposely targeted as ignorant audiences and without the "critical intellect". In addition, the civil society in Iran has neglected its primary mission to seek the rights and improve the status of children affected and at risk of being harmed, forgotten, or in the forefront of the community's economic interests. Therefore, the civil society associated with children in Iran is malformed and "sick", which requires urgent specialized resuscitation and review. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - the pathology of privatization of higher education
اسما عزیزی Mohammad yamani duzi sorkhabi abasalt khorasani hamidreza arasteh

The purpose of this research is the pathology of privatization of higher education in iran. this is a qualitative research and is a descriptive exploratory study and use three-Dimensional Model. The statistical population of the study consisted of three groups of higher More

The purpose of this research is the pathology of privatization of higher education in iran. this is a qualitative research and is a descriptive exploratory study and use three-Dimensional Model. The statistical population of the study consisted of three groups of higher education experts, policy makers, and faculty or senior managers of non-governmental universities. Purposeful sampling was done using snowball method. Open coding was used to analyze the data, and categories related to each segment of structural, functional, and environmental damage were coded and eight major damages are conceptualized. in structural damages, three categories of legal, policy, administrative and organizational; functional damages in education, research and employment; environmental damages in cultural, social, political, and economic are categirized.Based on the research findings some strategies are proposed such as revising current regulations of Ministry of Science; supporting scholarships for university lecturers and nonprofit higher education institutions to improve faculty pyramids in these units; Increasing authority of Board of Trustees to facilitate In related decisions; the establishment of a university accreditation; and preparation of Territorial planning Document for higher education Keywords: pathology, privatization, higher education Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Applied Science pathology training institutions skill Gilan province Tuesday ramifications approach and the Analytic Hierarchy Process( AHP)
alireza almaee Roghayeh yousefnezhad lazarjani

In a society tailored to their circumstances, culture, growth and decline with a variety of diversions and problems facing a damaging effect on the development of the society. Understanding these factors can pave the path of society towards progress and interaction, so More

In a society tailored to their circumstances, culture, growth and decline with a variety of diversions and problems facing a damaging effect on the development of the society. Understanding these factors can pave the path of society towards progress and interaction, so that in addition to understanding their function and prevent the continuation of the practice of offering solutions to the community health. In particular education and training leading to employment, such as science, alongside acts like the University of Applied Sciences is not exempt from this. In the meantime, effective training that leads to the target and output is beneficial to society, so we are going to achieve this important come the problems facing education. The research was conducted with the help of experts, a questionnaire was designed after consecutive sessions and then clinched the variables that affect its validity and reliability was determined. Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.831, which has demonstrated the reliability of Likert type and weight them using analytic hierarchy in paired comparison questionnaire (Questionnaire 2) and index vulnerable, to prioritize and to the manager to decide the was. Recommended to use this hybrid model for other teaching institutions Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Designing the solutions to the existing damage guild system law adopted in 1392 in Islamic Parliament of Iran to enhance its effectiveness
Mohsen Sarami Ebrahim Azizi

In this paper, the guild system law adopted in 1392 in Islamic Parliament of Iran discussed And difficulties in the way of its implementation and the lack of some legal provisions conflicts with other laws of the country were investigated. In this paper .Guild system la More

In this paper, the guild system law adopted in 1392 in Islamic Parliament of Iran discussed And difficulties in the way of its implementation and the lack of some legal provisions conflicts with other laws of the country were investigated. In this paper .Guild system law is pervasive And all people in the community have been directly and indirectly involved with it in their lives and Provides private sector services in an easily and regular manner. If this law has problems, it will harm people and cause harm and disorder in society. Therefore, the review and promotion of this law are indispensable. The research method of this paper is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods and used of questionnaire and Delphi techniques in this paper. This paper examines 16 of the most important legal issues that have error and Has provided some suggestions for improving this provision. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Strategic Planning of Knowledge-Based Companies on the Basis of SWOT Model for South Khorasan Province of Iran
Seyed Ali Reza Mohamadzadeh Mahdi faghani

The aim of this study is strategic planning of knowledge-based companies on the basis of SWOT Model. The present study is conducted with an applied purpose and with descriptive-analytical method. It is a field study when data collection is considered. The data has been More

The aim of this study is strategic planning of knowledge-based companies on the basis of SWOT Model. The present study is conducted with an applied purpose and with descriptive-analytical method. It is a field study when data collection is considered. The data has been collected through a questionnaire made by the researcher. The study sample consisted of 228 cooperatives of South Khorasan province of Iran. The data has been extracted using SPSS software and analyzed using SWOT model. The results of the present study indicate that the companies in the cooperative sector of South Khorasan province are in a low level in respect of becoming knowledge-based. Therefore, in the current circumstances, the matching power with indices of becoming knowledge-based for the current status of the surveyed companies is less than 30 percent. Therefore, it seems that educational assessment and planning is needed to promote the knowledge-based indices in cooperative sector of South Khorasan province. It can ensure a promising future for these cooperatives in Iran's 20-year vision plan, resistive economy, knowledge-based products, self-sufficiency, employment, and entrepreneurship. Finally, some suggestions for the cooperatives of South Khorasan province have been presented with regard to the four strategies of SWOT model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - A Diagnostic Approach to Organizational Training: Using a Trichotomy Model
علی اصغر محمودی کوچکسرایی مهدی فراهانی آرش رسته‌مقدم

The influential factors of organizational training in a holding company affiliated to the ministry of energy examined by a diagnostic trichotomy model. Using a descriptive research inquiry a content analysis of organizational characteristics was applied. The sample was More

The influential factors of organizational training in a holding company affiliated to the ministry of energy examined by a diagnostic trichotomy model. Using a descriptive research inquiry a content analysis of organizational characteristics was applied. The sample was included all managers and experts that worked at the training and development department of all 90 affiliated companies which are under the holding company's directions. The means of gathering data was a series of structured, semi-structured, and unstructured/open questions and interviews. In order to content analysis, after extracting relevant concepts, themes, and contents, each items classified into one of the three (structural, behavioral, environmental/context) dimensions of the model. The results show that structural component has a more influential effect on explanation of strength and weakness of training and development activities than the other two components. In this regard, the article concluded that structural/process aspect of organizational training met with more difficulties than behavioral and context so need to pay more attention. Finally, it seems that the trichotomy model of analysis is a useful diagnostic approach to the organizational pathology and could lead to appropriate applied results. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Studying Pathology of In-service Training Courses for OTC Group Employees according to the CIPP Model
Bahareh Mansouri Kasvaei Mehdi Shariatmadari

This research has been done with the aim of studying pathology of in-service training courses for OTC group employees, according to the “CIPP” model. It is an applied research and in terms of data collection, it’s among the survey research. For studying pathology of in- More

This research has been done with the aim of studying pathology of in-service training courses for OTC group employees, according to the “CIPP” model. It is an applied research and in terms of data collection, it’s among the survey research. For studying pathology of in-service training courses according “CIPP” model, various studies have examined and components that experts had expected a greater emphasis on, have been chosen. Thus, four aspects are measured using a researcher-made questionnaire: context, input, process and output. The study population included all OTC group employees who have participated in 1393 in-service training courses, that their total number are 1770 persons and the sample is 317 persons, using Morgan (sampling) method. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, including frequency percent, the mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics including Chi-Squared Test, Umann Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis were used. Research results suggest that the quality of in-service training courses in four dimensions of CIPP evaluation model in context, input, process and output may have caused the participants to provide satisfaction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - A Pathology and Effectiveness of the Transfer of Training to Workplace
Gholamreza Shams Morkani Hamed Abbasi kasani

This study aimed at investigating the pathology and effectiveness of the transfer of raining to workplace. Research method was applied and developmental in terms of purpose, and was mixed (quantitative and qualitative) one in terms of data collection. The review documen More

This study aimed at investigating the pathology and effectiveness of the transfer of raining to workplace. Research method was applied and developmental in terms of purpose, and was mixed (quantitative and qualitative) one in terms of data collection. The review documents and semi-structured interviews were used as data collection tools. In order to analyze the data, the content analysis for classifying method was used. 13 documents were investigated and interviews were conducted with 23 counselors, teachers and principals, who were selected purposefully. The results showed that there were 36 damages in the Individual, Educational and Organizational Areas of the Transfer of Training to Workplace. Then, evaluated the effectiveness of the transfer of training to workplace, through a questionnaire with 0.93 reliability administered on counselors, teachers and principals. To do so, 297 counselors, teachers and principals in Field of Humanities of Tehran secondary schools were selected through stratified random sampling technique. To evaluate the effectiveness of the Transfer of Training to Workplace, one-sample t test, t independent groups and ANOVA were applied. Finally, it was found that secondary factors, motivational elements, environmental factors and the ability factors of the transfer of training to workplace among teachers of Field of Humanities in Tehran secondary schools in Tehran were desirable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Identification and Prioritizing the barriers to effective utilization of Mechanisms of ‎United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)‎‏ ‏by Emphasizing on organizational training based on the Three-Dimensional Model
Somayeh Oryan Seyed Mohammad Shobeiri Mehran Farajollahi

This study aimed at investigating‏ ‏and prioritizing the pathology of organizational training on financial and ‎non-financial mechanisms of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) by a ‎diagnostic trichotomy model. This study was exploratory resea More

This study aimed at investigating‏ ‏and prioritizing the pathology of organizational training on financial and ‎non-financial mechanisms of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) by a ‎diagnostic trichotomy model. This study was exploratory research and its methodology was developmental ‎and applied research method. In terms of data collection was combined (quantitative and qualitative) ‎research. The review documents and semi-structured interviews were used as data collection tools. In order to ‎analyze the data, the content analysis for classifying method was used and interviews were conducted with 40 ‎elite and specialists, who were selected purposefully. At the first stage, After extracting 212 barriers and ‎removing repeated elements, 44 relevant concepts and contents classified into one of the three (structural, ‎behavioral, environmental/context) dimensions of the model as a questionnaire.‎‏ ‏Through Lawshe content ‎validity, 36 barriers were selected and reliability by 0.812 Cronbach coefficient alpha‎ were confirmed. ‎Thereafter, this obstacles were prioritized by Fuzzy Delphi method. At the third stage, it was examined how ‎each barriers related legal, economic, political, administrative and environmental conditions‏ ‏influenced each ‎other’s through ISM and MICMAC techniques.‎‏ ‏The results demonstrated that after international and national ‎laws and legal issues, educational process was second effective item. Need assessment for different levels and ‎stakeholders, lack of instructors familiar with the subject and lack of appropriate educational contents as the ‎priority issues had been recognized.‎ Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Pathology of Human Resource Training System in Higher Education: Codification and Validation of a Model
Khaled Mirahmadi Abasalt Khorasani Mohammad taghi Nazarpour Gholamreza Shams Murkani

10.52547/istd.31444.8.28.1

The present research aims to conduct a pathological study of Human Resource Training in higher education and, thereby, proceed to codify and validate a model for it. The methodology was practical and developmental. A combined sequential exploratory (heuristic) method of More

The present research aims to conduct a pathological study of Human Resource Training in higher education and, thereby, proceed to codify and validate a model for it. The methodology was practical and developmental. A combined sequential exploratory (heuristic) method of the modelling type was utilized for data collection. Drawing from multiple data synchronization in two stages, a primary theoretical framework was codified and, accordingly, it was validated in the form of a model. For the pathology of the staffing system, the first stage, qualitative case study was used according to which the perspectives and experiences of 11 experts, managers and specialists were taken into account with a purposeful approach through theoretical saturation criterion. It should be noted that semi-structured interview was utilized at this stage and the gathered data were analyzed by drawing from Thematic Analysis technique. At the second stage, applied a survey method and the components extracted from an ascertained questionnaire given to 98 staffing managers and experts in public universities under supervision of Tehran Ministry of Science, Research and Technology were analyzed based on a relative class sampling method. In order to analyze the gathered data and validate the codified framework, partial least squares analysis was utilized by drawing from Smart PLS software. After coding the data derived from analysis of documents and interviews, 215 codes were defined and categorized as 34 components and 14 perspectives as follows: jobs and Competency analysis, Need assessment, Design and planning, Implementation of training, Evaluation and monitoring, Transfer of training, systematic, Knowledge and experience management, Human resource culture, Upstream laws and documents, Finance and budget, orientation and awareness, Organizational and human resources structure and technology. According to identified defects, the pathological model for staffing system in universities was codified and validated. Evaluation and monitoring, Design and planning and Transfer of training as variables played the highest role (coefficient of determination calculated to be 0.83, 0.79 and 0.79 respectively) while Knowledge and experience management, Upstream laws and documents and Finance and budget factors (coefficient of determination calculated to be 0.41, 0.49 and 0.51 respectively) had the lowest role in determining the pathological model of the Training system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Pathology of training and improvement of human resources : The case of the insurance organization
Talat Diba Vajari Frouz Nouri

10.52547/istd.8.28.0

The purpose of this article is to develop the model and identify the damages of training and improvement of human resources and provide improvement programs in the Agricultural Insurance Fund. The research approach is mixed and in this research quantitative and qualitat More

The purpose of this article is to develop the model and identify the damages of training and improvement of human resources and provide improvement programs in the Agricultural Insurance Fund. The research approach is mixed and in this research quantitative and qualitative approaches are used. The method of this study is evaluation. The interview has been used to identify and select indicators. The selection of participants in the interview process was conducted using a targeted sampling method. Structural Interpretation Modeling Software (IMS) was used for weighting the pathology axes. After determining the axes, they were placed in the pathology model of the MTM. After planning and organizing the pathology, an assessment of human resources training and improvement processes was performed and improvement programs for repair or reduction of injuries were determined and using the RPN technique, Prioritized Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Pathology of uplifting moral education in the first grade of high school and providing a favorable model
Mahnar Asadi Khanouki Ali mohebbi Najmeh Vakili

The purpose of this study is the pathology of uplifting moral education in the first year of high school and to provide a favorable model. The function of these crises is such that it has penetrated even into the dimensions of human existence and has transformed and tra More

The purpose of this study is the pathology of uplifting moral education in the first year of high school and to provide a favorable model. The function of these crises is such that it has penetrated even into the dimensions of human existence and has transformed and transformed him more and more every day. These crises and challenges have turned yesterday's values against today's values and yesterday's anomalies into today's norms. The purpose of the present study is basic theoretical research. The method of data analysis is such that using the available resources to take notes and by arranging the related sheets to each other in order of priority to the objectives of the research and analysis and study to provide a model of uplifting religious education has been. The results showed that the ultimate goal of uplifting moral education is to bring adolescents to a happy and lively life. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Pathology of Social and Cultural Affairs in Tehran Urban Management with Emphasis on Municipal law
Esmaeel Jahani Dolatabad

In recent years, the social and cultural field of urbanmanagement in Municipality Tehran has always faced the challenge of critics the adaptation of activities, description of the duties due to deviation from its basics. Accordingly, in the present study, the pathology More

In recent years, the social and cultural field of urbanmanagement in Municipality Tehran has always faced the challenge of critics the adaptation of activities, description of the duties due to deviation from its basics. Accordingly, in the present study, the pathology of social activities of Tehran Municipality has been studied. In this study, in accordance with the theoretical framework of the subject, three main categories include conceptual adaptation; legal compliance and organizational compliance were considered for pathological measures. The research method was such that the list of social and cultural activities of the municipal organization in the form of a Delphi questionnaire was given to 10 experts and they were asked to evaluate each activity in three separate scales. According to the results, the most important challenge in the field of social and cultural activities of Tehran Municipality in the first place is the entry of this organization into some fields and activities that are outside its inherent and legal duties. In the second place, there is parallel work and overlap of some of these activities with other organizations, and finally, in the third level, the dominance of the theatrical approach is in some activities of Tehran Municipality. Accordingly, the application of the present study relies on a comprehensive review of activities in terms of the combination of three indicators. This revision shouldperform on the base of final score calculated for each activity and as a result, the activities of each area were classified into three categories: "continuity", "adjustment" and "change". Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Development and evaluating the effectiveness of a cognitive rehabilitation package on reducing the cognitive damages of active adolescents in cyberspace
faezeh adibnia Mehrdad Kalantari soghra akbarichermahini

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation package on cognitive damages reduction in active adolescents in cyberspace. The research method was exploratory mixed (qualitative-quantitative). For this purpose, by using t More

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation package on cognitive damages reduction in active adolescents in cyberspace. The research method was exploratory mixed (qualitative-quantitative). For this purpose, by using the thematic analysi, by studying articles and interviewing professors and active adolescents in cyberspace, damages were identified. Based on the identified cognitive damages, a rehabilitation package (in four areas: attention, information processing, thinking and social cognition) was developed to reduce adolescents' cognitive damages in cyberspace, to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed package, a quasi-experimental design with an experimental group and a control group of pre-test, post-test and follow-up were used. 40 active girls in cyberspace in Arak who were screened by the pathology inventory constructed, were selected by purposive method and 20 were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 20 to the control group. The results of mixed analysis of variance showed that the implementation of the developed package improved the performance of the experimental group in attention, information processing, thinking and social cognition (p <0.001). It can be concluded that the developed cognitive rehabilitation package is also effective for improving the cognitive damages of adolescents in cyberspace. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Pathology of social issues analysis in Iran and its solutions
Mahboubeh Zafari

The social problem as social harm A century ago, the functional approach of structure-society was revived as an organism. One view led to the theory of community pathology; A theoretical model in which a social problem, such as a disease that impairs the functioning of More

The social problem as social harm A century ago, the functional approach of structure-society was revived as an organism. One view led to the theory of community pathology; A theoretical model in which a social problem, such as a disease that impairs the functioning of the human body, disrupts the normal functioning of society. This model considers crime, apostasy, and premarital intercourse to be the damage of the Greek word meaning social disease, which endangers the health of society; And in reviewing past research, it has been found that poorer and dirtier areas and neighborhoods with narrow alleys are more prone to crime and social perversion. According to the theory of broken windows, houses that look bad and broken are a better place to do social harm. Even in houses that are not suitable in terms of lighting and facilities, they have a better shape to create a deviation than houses with a better shape. People in alleys and dark neighborhoods with no facilities and with fewer facilities and areas with less care are more prone to abnormalities and deviations and the formation of a social problem and social harm. The purpose of this study is to analyze the social problems in Iran and its solutions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Pathology of software export development in Iran
Maryam Saleh Gorgory Mohsen Gerami Vahid Yazdanian

Today, the new developments of the world economy, including the severe fluctuation of the price of raw materials, the increase in the wages of the human force, the increase in the cost of transportation, storage and other production factors, have made many developing co More

Today, the new developments of the world economy, including the severe fluctuation of the price of raw materials, the increase in the wages of the human force, the increase in the cost of transportation, storage and other production factors, have made many developing countries to think about entering The field of production and trade of goods that have the least amount of dependence on high-risk economic components. The software industry is one of these industries. In addition to having high added value, this industry has the least need for raw materials and other cost-generating components. In fact, the software industry is a pure knowledge industry and is based on research and development. Our country can also take steps to export software in order to gain benefits from this industry. Considering this, this research has addressed the pathology of software export development. In this research, the statistical population of which are software companies that are members of the software exporters' union, about the demand, national perspective and strategy, international trust and communication, features of the software industry and infrastructure and internal factors are investigated. The results of our research show that the problems of software export are the lack of demand and software infrastructure and internal factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Pathology of new public services and welfare policies via the meta-synthesis method (Research interest of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labour, and Social Welfare)
Mohammad Reza Rabii Mandiji Alireza Amirkabiri Seyed Morteza Zargar

As most researchers agree and acknowledge, Iranian administration is transitioning from a new public affairs administration and evolving into a new public service provider. However, a number of traditional viewpoints and opinions are yet to achieve some necessary revisi More

As most researchers agree and acknowledge, Iranian administration is transitioning from a new public affairs administration and evolving into a new public service provider. However, a number of traditional viewpoints and opinions are yet to achieve some necessary revision, as the quality and quantity of services remain vague and ineffective for the audience and recipients of these services. The present research attempts to study the existing public services and welfare policies, in comparison with the ideal situation and conditions, in order to reveal the inconsistency between them, from a pathologic perspective. To this end, among the qualitative research approaches, the content analysis method was adopted, and the meta-synthesis method was used to extract the necessary key concepts and content codes from 32 papers. Peer-reviewed research and analysis papers were used as references and inspected to collect information and data. After extracting the content codes, a focus group consisting of 15 participants was consulted and deliberated with, until validity was confirmed and the necessary indicators were obtained. Regarding the desirable range of these indicators, 31 elite field members of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labour, and Social Welfare, were queried. On the other hand, 350 questionnaires were distributed among a ministry clientele to determine the status quo regarding the quality and quantity of service provision and reception. Findings indicate disagreement between elite members and managers of the ministry versus service recipients and people. As such, we are still far away from an ideal society and governance when it comes to provision of public services.. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Garbage Picker as an Urban Homosacer: A Research in Tehran
Sattar Parvin

Nowadays, the problem of garbage collection in Iran has become one of the serious phenomenon and problems in the form that it is manifested in all the cities and metropolises of the country. The problem of garbage collection possesses environmental, economic and social More

Nowadays, the problem of garbage collection in Iran has become one of the serious phenomenon and problems in the form that it is manifested in all the cities and metropolises of the country. The problem of garbage collection possesses environmental, economic and social dimensions. The present study tries to narrate the life issues of garbage pickers in Tehran using an interpretive approach. The theoretical view of the research is based on a critical approach and the use of Agamben's Homosacer concept. The research method is based on the fundamental qualitative method and the use of semi-structured interview and observation techniques. Thematic analysis is used to analyze the data. The findings of the research show that garbage pickers face with many problems such as nutrition, sleep, addiction, etc. and they have unequal working relationships with contractors. Garbage pickers are mostly men, immigrants, low-educated or illiterate and live in different places such as streets, worker accommodation centers, outskirts of cities and with their families. Garbage picking as a job is related to other social problems of the city like social inequalities urban consumption, child labor and black holes of urban waste. Urban garbage collectors, like other damaged and marginalized social groups, are the concept of urban homosuckers. Such people are not included in official support. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Pathology of the first secondary English language teaching curriculum from the point of view of students and teachers of Yasouj city
Mahbouba Akbari

The purpose of this research was the pathology of the first secondary English language teaching curriculum from the point of view of students and teachers of Yasouj city. The research method was a descriptive survey. The population and the statistical sample of the pres More

The purpose of this research was the pathology of the first secondary English language teaching curriculum from the point of view of students and teachers of Yasouj city. The research method was a descriptive survey. The population and the statistical sample of the present study were all first secondary students studying in the academic year of 1400; 220 people (200 students and 20 teachers) were selected and studied by random cluster method. The data collection tool is the pathology questionnaire of the English curriculum, which has 27 items and includes 4 scales. The validity and reliability of the tool has been confirmed. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (independent chi-square) were used for statistical analysis. The obtained results show that all elements (objectives and content, teaching method, teaching space and time, student and teacher influence and grouping of the English language curriculum from The views of students and teachers have weaknesses and damages. Based on the independent χ-2 test, all the investigated scales are effective in the English language curriculum, and a significant difference was observed between the expected and observed frequencies of the scales. In the independent t-test of male and female students, the difference between the averages of students and grouping and training time is significant; There is a significant difference in the average of teachers and students in the scales of teaching method, evaluation, teacher and students, and in the difference between seventh and eighth grades in teaching method; assessment; Time; There is a significant difference between a teacher and a student. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Pathology of Erotic Marriage (Case Study: Women Applying for Divorce in Tehran City)
Sara Tahmanesh bagher sarokhani Akbar Tahmanesh

Erotic courtship and marriage as a type of mate selection increasing due to social changes and change in family functions. In this type of mate selection attention focused on body and physical capital and accordingly spouses enter to marriage market. Statistical data in More

Erotic courtship and marriage as a type of mate selection increasing due to social changes and change in family functions. In this type of mate selection attention focused on body and physical capital and accordingly spouses enter to marriage market. Statistical data indicates parents’ role decrease in mate selection processes. It seems that socio- cultural changes and diffusion of new marriage patterns, as well as individualism caused such variation. The main objective of present article is to pathology of erotic courtship and marriage on family instability with emphasis on socio- cultural elements. The structural functionalism theory, Gidden’s pure relationship and modernization theory explain the theoretical model of research. Survey method applied for data collection. A sample of 180 female divorce applicants whom had erotic mate selection referring to Family Judicial Complex No. 2 in Tehran in the fourth quarter of the year 1400 (2021-2022) interviewed. Finding indicate 86% of respondents, realized that they could not continue it as soon as first three years of common life. 41.7% without consulting parents or any other person and based on individual decision get married. The findings show that the most important factors of family instability are nature of erotic marriage along with increasing individualism and decreasing parental authority as well as modernity. It seems that with the continuation of social and individual changes, Iranian society will face an increase in family instability in the future. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Pathology of education based on information and communication technology in elementary school
Gulnar Salehikhah Maryam Qutb Maliha Azarin Yamlaq

According to the results of the research, Abdulahi stated the leading incentives in the application and development of e-learning in Iran's educational system in the order of priority of the technology program, educational factors, factors related to educational design, More

According to the results of the research, Abdulahi stated the leading incentives in the application and development of e-learning in Iran's educational system in the order of priority of the technology program, educational factors, factors related to educational design, factors related to the teacher and finally factors related to the learners. showed that educational technology, whose main purpose is to help improve teaching and learning, has become a disturbing and troublesome factor in teaching, and teachers lack the necessary knowledge and skills to advance teaching and help from educational technology. Therefore, they still have a desire for traditional teaching, and some management and livelihood problems of the society have caused them to not follow the use of new methods in teaching and learning. In this regard, the requirements of the age of knowledge and information and the necessity of keeping pace with the developments and achievements of technology and human sciences have been gradually felt in our country, which is evidenced by the recent decisions of the government in the field of investment for the rapid expansion of Fava in the country. Also, in order to find a suitable answer to the type of questions mentioned above, education is trying to determine a charter to guide the reforms in the country's education, which emphasizes the use of Fawa as one of its pillars. Also, in recent years, extensive activities have been carried out in the field of using information technology and FAVA in the training of strengths and development. The current research was conducted with the aim of pathology of education based on information and communication technology in elementary school. In this research, firstly, the approaches, components and strategies of Fava-based education in elementary school courses were identified, and then the pathological examination of each of the components of the Fava-based curriculum in the elementary school was done to provide a practical model in this field. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - An Investigation and Pathology of Organizational Training for Engineers in Water and Electricity Industry Based on ADDIE
zainab sharaf Mohammad reza Nili Ahmadabadi Mohammad Javad Liaghatdar

Organizational training could play a significant role in keeping the knowledge, skills and attitudes of employees updated, if it is conducted based on scientific principles and methods and considered as an empowering factor. In this regard, the present study seeks to ev More

Organizational training could play a significant role in keeping the knowledge, skills and attitudes of employees updated, if it is conducted based on scientific principles and methods and considered as an empowering factor. In this regard, the present study seeks to evaluate and identify the limitations of the organizational training of engineers in the water and electricity industry. To this aim a mixed method was used including survey method in the quantitative phase and phenomenology in the qualitative phase. The research tool in the quantitative part was a researcher-made questionnaire and in the qualitative part it was a semi-structured interview. The participants in the quantitative part included trained engineers, 900 individuals in the year 2021, and in the qualitative part there were teachers and employers in the water and electricity industry. In the quantitative section, 269 individuals were selected by simple random sampling using Morgan's table, and in the qualitative section, 20 individuals were interviewed based on the theoretical saturation level. For analyzing the quantitative data, SPSS software was used and for qualitative data analysis, thematic analysis method was used. According to the findings of the quantitative part of the research, the current state of organizational training of engineers in the water and electricity industry in all 5 dimensions of education is at the average and below average levels. On the other hand, based on the findings of the qualitative part, the main limitations of the organizational occupational training system include process limitations, motivational, cultural and administrative structure. The results revealed that the organizational training of the water and electricity industry does not meet the desired quality levels; cultural problems and inattention to the academic degrees, lack of motivational incentives, structural-administrative problems and process problems and non-compliance of organizational trainings with scientific and logical approaches could be mentioned as some of the factors leading to the current situation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Sociological Analysis of the Cultural Components of Marriage in Persian Tweets
zahra sheikh Bagher saroukhani khadijeh zolghadr

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Sociological Analysis of the Cultural   Components of Marriage in Persian Tweets       Zahra Sheikh<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>   Baqer Sarukhani<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">**</a>    Khadija Zulqadr<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3">***</a>   Introduction   Marriage is a fundamental institution in both the family and the broader social structure, evolving over time. Understanding this area is crucial for policymakers to grasp societal attitudes, perspectives, and to plan effectively based on societal conditions. The aim of this research was to extract and analyze attitudes and demands regarding the cultural component of "marriage." This component encompasses attitudes, values, and mental priorities of individuals concerning marriage. The research utilized a qualitative content analysis method, focusing on Persian-speaking users of the X social network and employing a comprehensive sampling method to analyze tweets related to marriage from September 2021 till March 2022.       Methodology   The research employed hermeneutic content analysis. Hermeneutic content analysis is typically used to describe phenomena when existing theories or literature are limited. This approach avoids preconceived concepts, allowing new concepts to emerge from the data. Researchers immerse themselves in the data to gain novel insights, a process known as "inductive concept formation." Data analysis begins with repeated readings to achieve a comprehensive understanding. The researchers’ initiates analysis based on their perception of the text, continuing until patterns emerge. This process often results in identifying patterns from the text and categorizing them based on similarities and differences.   In the pilot study, 150 keywords were manually extracted from 600 tweets related to marriage. Using machine learning, approximately 1,800 relevant tweets were identified. After an initial cleaning stage, each tweet was reviewed, and those suitable for analysis were retained, while the rest were discarded. Ultimately, 919 tweets remained for analysis. In the second stage, each tweet was summarized in one word, and these summaries were grouped into categories with key concepts (subtopics) identified. In the third step, related subtopics were analyzed and combined to extract themes. This process was repeated throughout the research. Four main themes were identified: individualism (341 tweets), life skills (211 tweets), economy (197 tweets), and tradition (170 tweets).       Findings   The analysis revealed that Persian-speaking users of X social network discussed a range of topics related to marriage, including individual rights, fluid relationships, independence, communication skills, self-awareness skills, spousal participation, unemployment, the social value of wealth, economic problems, women's rights, family control, marriage customs, and women's rights.   The central theme of these discussions is relationships—what constitutes a desirable relationship and its qualities. The concept of relationships discussed extends beyond formal, registered marriages to include informal relationships, friendships, cohabitation, emotional and sexual partners, concubine (motteh), long-distance relationships, and virtual relationships. Four main themes emerged from the analysis: individualism, life skills, economy, and tradition.   “Individualism” emphasizes the value of the individual as a person with rights and opinions. Sub-themes of individualism and personal preservation were grouped under this broader theme. “Life skills” refer to psychological and social abilities that enable individuals to manage themselves effectively, including communication skills, self-awareness skills, and spousal participation.   The “economy” theme highlighted concerns such as inflation, unemployment, and future uncertainties as inhibiting factors for marriage. Economic attitudes toward marriage reflect a desire for wealth acquisition through clever and inexpensive means, aligning with consumer capitalism. “Tradition” involves societal customs, norms, and restrictions regarding marriage, including family control, marriage customs, and women's rights. The main criticism is that traditions limit individual freedom and personal opinions. While individuality and personal choice are highly valued today, past customs are not widely accepted by newer generations who advocate for equal rights and responsibilities based on personal views rather than traditional norms.       Conclusion   The discourse on marriage on social network X aligns with Bauman's theory of liquid relationships and Saroukhani's theory of personalization. Liquid relationships refer to short-term, non-committal relationships outside the framework of formal marriage, where commitment is minimal. Analysis of tweet content shows that preserving individuality and the power of choice are top priorities for users. They make decisions based on personal preferences and circumstances, free from overarching narratives. However, these liquid relationships may lead to psychological insecurity and intensified individualism, potentially alienating the family from its emotional and generational functions as a social institution, thereby endangering societal health.     <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">*</a> PhD Student in Cultural Sociology, Tehran <a name="_Hlk175653928"></a>Science & Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Sheikh.zahra84@gmail.com </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">**</a> Corresponding Author: Professor of Sociology Department, Tehran Science & Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. b.saroukhani@yahoo.com </div> <div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3">***</a> Assistant Professor, Department of Women's Studies, Tehran Science & Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. kzolghadr@srbiau.ac.ir </div> </div>   Manuscript profile

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