Rural Development

Open Access Article

1 - Effects of ICT Offices creation in Rural EconomicCase: villages of Kouhdasht County
Ahmad roumiani

1. Introduction In today's world the functional diversity of ICT and its role in various aspects of human life Due to the many changes and modifications as are Comes. The radius of the impact of information and communication technologies in the twenty-first century is s More

1. Introduction In today's world the functional diversity of ICT and its role in various aspects of human life Due to the many changes and modifications as are Comes. The radius of the impact of information and communication technologies in the twenty-first century is small enough that an important tool in the context of the development of modern technology Tremblay Impact of information technology field has a certain extent, and only confined to urban environments and The Pole of inaccessibility it essential areas such as rural areas(Fazel Nia and Qian, 2: 1382). In other words, the fact that information technology is one of the necessary elements for achieving major developments in numerous development programs And in rural areas such as the most important on the one hand Poles national macro-economic environment(Afrakhteh et al., 1388: 2). On the other hand, with issues such as low population density, geographical isolation and lack of access to information have been faced with significant importance(-Diazpuente et al,2012:121). The first creation and development offices of ICT in rural areas were provided by the World Bank In many countries that have successfully contributed to the of development (Proenza et al,2001). In many communities, a pioneer in the development, promotion offices of ICT in rural areas where experience has shown that ICT relationship between administration, trainings, technological and economic development in rural areas, nicely restored(Ting & Yi,2012:1). These offices help farmers to enhance their technical knowledge, management of natural resources, increasing the quality and quantity of production, preparation for the expansion of markets and free trade in agricultural products And development non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in relation to the agricultural sector, increased competition, increased investment and trade, regional, national, Increasing job opportunities and employment assistance to women, to increase the income of rural households and economic development of the role is noticeable Settlements(Raom,2007:514). It also enables the residents of rural areas in order to overcome the obstacles to development and reduce geographical isolation, to develop their personal and social awareness (ESCAP, 1996:1375). 2. Materials and methods The present article aims in terms of the nature and Analytical Descriptive and skins. To collect the data from the two studies were used to document and Review survey. The most important tool is a survey questionnaire at the household level. The questionnaire was designed based on the Likert scale. Validity collecting the experiences and views of five experts in planning and evaluation of rural development were approved. Reliability coefficients for the various sections above 0.7 are calculated as the total alpha Items obtained from 0.821 an acceptable level of. The fabric includes 10 villages with 2781 households have offices in ICT (ICT) Roumeshgan eastern district of functions Kouhdasht city that has been studied as a whole number The sample size of 230 households using Cochran formula for determination of the random sampling method and Proportion of, Sampling in each village was selected. 3. The results of the study In this study was to investigate the economic role of ICT in rural areas of the district offices Roumeshgan eastern city functions Kouhdasht be addressed. The results showed that the offices of ICT in achieving its primary objectives the provision of telecommunications services, telecommunications, information and education in rural areas, appropriate success Havet . In the future, the operation of these offices has somewhat rural community attitudes and knowledge of the business environment, consumer and lifestyle change. Economic activity could be said that the continuation of life offices, ICT and the effectiveness and satisfaction of the residents of the service is stopped, Results indicate that the employment offices in rural development as one of the fundamental aspects of the economy in rural areas, has played a small role In addition, the role and effectiveness of the offices mentioned in the context of the rural population is a function of age and gender characteristics to maintain offices in developing ICT Or Ground employment opportunities for youth and men in particular was more effective. The high level of literacy groups, cultural barriers and special circumstances - Social rural areas of major factors influencing this situation is enumerated. At the offices of ICT expenditure and income showed a significant increase revenue and reduce costs of rural life does not play an important role In some cases, the villagers of Have financial conditions, Utilization features more cost burdened households have imposed these offices. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Challenges of Sustainable Development using ICT (Case study: Rural areas of Saveh District
Tahmineh Daniali

In the new paradigm of rural development, utilizing knowledge and information and accordingly instruments and technologies for transferring and interchanging knowledge is of utmost importance, and ICT is considered as a very important factor in sustainable development f More

In the new paradigm of rural development, utilizing knowledge and information and accordingly instruments and technologies for transferring and interchanging knowledge is of utmost importance, and ICT is considered as a very important factor in sustainable development from many aspects. In this study, we investigated the role of ICT in developing rural communities of Yal-Abad and Ghardin villages. These two villages are located in Saveh district and despite the prospective role everyone considered for ICT in rural development, the economic, social and physical structures of these villages is not appropriate. Results show that despite having high potential in ICT development, the society has not experienced the benefits of ICT. Unsustainable rural structures have limited the growth of ICT. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Analyze and evaluate the Dehyari's performance in Achieve the target of rural Hadi plan (case study: Zanjan county)
mohamad taghi heydari

Dehyary as a public institution or non-governmental, independent legal entity at the request of Rural and license the country Ministry in each village is formed. And aims to improve the development of social, economic, political, cultural and physical environments is. O More

Dehyary as a public institution or non-governmental, independent legal entity at the request of Rural and license the country Ministry in each village is formed. And aims to improve the development of social, economic, political, cultural and physical environments is. One of the functions of Dehyari, cooperation with the Housing Foundation in the preparation, adoption and implementation of the rural Hadi plan. This article with descriptive-analytic method to analyze the performance of Dehyar on how to preparation and implementation of Hadi plan and supervising the construction after the implementation of Hadi plan focused . The Statistical population, Using Morgan table, 373subjects were selected. For data analysis from goodness of fit test, regression analysis, and factor analysis with SPSS was used. according to goodness of fit of the model, Dehyari performance in plan Hadi is'n desirable. According to Poisson, performance Dehyari the growing and developing. In Regression analysis of correlation between Dehyari performance in development and promotion of Hadi Plan, is0.429, the factor analysis, indicator "Dehyar performance in monitoring the construction implementation after Hadi Plan" with amount(0.25) in explaining the Dehyar performance to advance the objectives of rural Hadi plan. In results, Dehyari's in Hadi plan goals have been moderate performance and acceptable. For improve the performance of Dhyari, Dhyari's established independent, local employment and educated Dehyar, effective collaborationof institutions with Dehyar, and training Dhyari's, seems essential. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Gender Drivers Effective on Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Areas (Case study: Papi section of Khorramabad city)
zahra hejazizadeh mehrshad toulabi nejad

Developing entrepreneurship while generating employment and creating incomes can lead to lower unemployment among the villagers. However, in almost the entire world, the factors and drivers that affect entrepreneurship activities vary between men and women, especially i More

Developing entrepreneurship while generating employment and creating incomes can lead to lower unemployment among the villagers. However, in almost the entire world, the factors and drivers that affect entrepreneurship activities vary between men and women, especially in rural areas. The aim of the present study, functional and the method is descriptive-analytic. The instrument for collecting data was a questionnaire and interviews. The statistical population of rural women and men is the Papi section of Khorramabad city (N = 8775). 330 samples (172 males and 158 females) were selected using the Cochran formula. To achieve the research questions, variance analysis, post hoc tests, and binary logistic regression (LM-Newton-Mar card-Raphson method) were used.The results of the research show that there is a significant difference between the factors and factors affecting entrepreneurship development of rural women and men. The entrepreneurship development drivers for rural men (in addition to the economic factor that has been the most important driver of entrepreneurship among women and men) is influenced by infrastructure and institutional factors, while important family and socio-cultural factors The most important drivers of rural women entrepreneurship development. Regarding the results, it is necessary to pay attention to the entrepreneur's gender factor and in order to eliminate the entrepreneurial barriers, taking into account the gender of the entrepreneurs of the strategy and the proportional model, in order to develop entrepreneurship, and especially in rural areas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Influence of Information and Communication Technology(ICT) in the Psychological Empowerment of Rural Farmers Case Study: Villages in the Central District of Koohdasht
Bahram imani masume abdullahi

The research is done to study the influence of information and communication technology on psychological empowerment of farmers in rural areas. This research is practical in its target and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical society of rural farmers is the More

The research is done to study the influence of information and communication technology on psychological empowerment of farmers in rural areas. This research is practical in its target and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical society of rural farmers is the central district of koohdasht city that 27 villages and 380 people were selected as samples between them. To collect data library and field methods were used. In order to analyze the subject, a framework of eight indicators of information and communication technology and psychological empowerment in the form of 59 items were selected. The results of research findings indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between information and communication technology and psychological empowerment. Also the results of multivariate regression showed that the components of information and communication technology explain 0/491 of the changes in psychological empowerment. Also, based on the results of single-sample t test we can say the indicators of psychological empowerment are at the desirable level. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The role of tourism in rural development, Marivan city
saeed ahmadian Behnam Valizadeh

Overall goal of this research is the role of tourism in rural development, Marivan city. In order to achieve this objective, two methods have been used to document and track. Approach and an exploratory study - an analysis of this issue in the tourist, what role in rura More

Overall goal of this research is the role of tourism in rural development, Marivan city. In order to achieve this objective, two methods have been used to document and track. Approach and an exploratory study - an analysis of this issue in the tourist, what role in rural development, Marivan city, plays. The study population (15 villages studied), includes three groups of experts and staff (236 people), rural (8570) and tourists (1200) have been using formula and Morgan, respectively, 146 bachelors 291 out of 368 people, villagers and tourists as the sample size has been determined. How to choose the subjects and finally systematic random sampling is. In order to analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis, nonparametric Friedman test using SPSS software is used. The results show that the role of tourism in rural development Greatest impact on reducing rural exodus, and restoring social tourism in the local traditions andGreatest impact on the economic dimension of the rising cost of land and housing. Finally, according to achieved results and findings of the research Strategies for developing rural tourism activities is provided in the city of Marivan Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Investigating and Identifying the Causes of Rural Management Inefficiency from the Viewpoint of the Local Population of Saman County
Asghar Norouzi Heydarali Gholamian

Rural management can be considered planning for the village, organization, developmental action, and coordination and supervision of the work done. Also, the task of rural managers is to investigate the villagers’ needs, shortcomings, planning, and action to participate More

Rural management can be considered planning for the village, organization, developmental action, and coordination and supervision of the work done. Also, the task of rural managers is to investigate the villagers’ needs, shortcomings, planning, and action to participate in the affairs of social, economic, development, etc. Saman County that in spite of the extensive (natural and human) capabilities faced with several problems in connection with the lack of rural, and it may be found in the management style. Therefore, this study aims to investigate and identify the factors, influencing the inefficiency of rural management from the viewpoint of local people. This study is of applied type and its method is descriptive - analytical and based on surveying. The statistics population consisted of all villagers in Saman, and they were firstly selected from among five villages to determine the sample size first by cluster sampling method and then through using the Cochran’s formula, 368 people were chosen to complete questionnaires by random sampling. The collected data were analyzed using spss20 software. The results of the linear regression test showed that the economic factor alone explains 47 % of the rural management inefficiency. The results of the t-test also showed that the socio-cultural dimension (mean 3.21), economic dimension (mean 3.18), and physical-environmental dimension (mean 3.16) had a significant impact on the inefficiency of rural managers performance. In addition, the results showed that in the economic dimension, the budgeting problems in macro level; in the socio-cultural dimension, ethnicity factor and structural failures of the elections; and in environmental dimension, lack of attention to the environment and ignorance of related issues were the most important factors. The results were also showing the place differences in the studied dimensions Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Measure of Rural Developmen with emphasis on FUZZY Logic Case Study: Rural district of the Boushehr Province
Alireza Estelaji

This study was conducted to assess rural development in the rural districts of the province, applied research is a method of utilizing Association with Fuzzy Multi Attribute Decision Making. Research Methodology descriptive and analytical and the data gathering method d More

This study was conducted to assess rural development in the rural districts of the province, applied research is a method of utilizing Association with Fuzzy Multi Attribute Decision Making. Research Methodology descriptive and analytical and the data gathering method documents and collect the purposes of the research data and information on population and housing census statistics tables and forms common(especially Statistical Yearbook 2011 Bushehr province). The study population was the whole Rural district of Bushehr Province, To assess the level of their development, with 84 components in the form of development indicators from official statistics Bushehr Province and examined using the technique of Fuzzy VIKOR. The findings of research analysis outlining a space for unequal region and unfair allocation of resources and rural services in rural areas of Bushehr Province, Showed that a total of indicators, Rural districts suburbs (county of Bushehr), Assaluyeh, Zyrrah, Poshtkuh, Has the highest rate development and rural districts Anarstan, Bordekhoon, Lyravy middle and Abdan have had the lowest rates of rural development. In the end to eliminate regional imbalances in Bushehr Province and social justice in rural areas of Counties of Bushehr Province, Was presented applied suggestions and determined development priorities to segregation rural district. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The Role of Tourism in Rural Employment )A Case Study of Firoozkooh City(
saeed ahmadian

is seeking to investigate the role of tourism on employment in the studied villages. In order to accurately describe the issue, 8 villages of Firoozkooh city were selected purposefully. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, documentary and field methods is More

is seeking to investigate the role of tourism on employment in the studied villages. In order to accurately describe the issue, 8 villages of Firoozkooh city were selected purposefully. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, documentary and field methods is used. Therefore, after designing the theoretical framework of the research for collecting data, field operations were completed by completing the local community and experts' questionnaires. For analyzing data using software SPSS and performing t-test, Levene's test, ANOVA and Walsh, we compared the research variables in all the studied villages. In calculating the reliability of the measurement instrument the Cronbach's alpha method has been used and the obtained coefficient of reliability is 0.9. Validity of the questionnaires is based on previous studies and experts' opinions. The results of research show that tourism in Jalizjand, Badrood, Khamdeh and Mozdaran villages can have an important role in increasing employment and in Harandeh, Lazor, Tares,and Simindasht villages, tourism has not had an effective role in increasing employment. Also, the highest rate of employment is in Khamdeh village and the lowest employment rate is in the village of Simindasht. In the Khamdeh village, which has the highest employment rates, the job creations were the field of supply and sale of crops and gardens, rental of houses, villas or suites, tourist’s services, livestock products supply and sale, and finally, the sale of handicrafts. In addition, according to more than 60% of the local community, jobs have been created in the areas mentioned for indigenous people. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Analyzing the Performance of Female Dehyars in the Process of Rural Development (Case Study: Central Part of Rasht)

If today we consider rural development as a strategy, which is implemented to improve the economic, social, environmental life and also the life of a particular group of people, then there is a significant relationship between the duties of Dehyars and rural development More

If today we consider rural development as a strategy, which is implemented to improve the economic, social, environmental life and also the life of a particular group of people, then there is a significant relationship between the duties of Dehyars and rural development. This research tries to study the goals that rural development are looking them in female Dehyars’ performance. Therefore the purpose of present study is evaluating and analyzing the performance of female Dehyars in comparison with male ones, which has been assessed and evaluated in the environmental, socio-economic, and physical aspects of the rural development process. It is a descriptive-analytic study and its necessary data has been collected through both documentary and survey methods. The statistical universe is the villages in central part of Rasht. In order to evaluate the performance of women, 12 villages in the central part of the city which had a female Dehyar and 12 villages with male Dehyar were selected and 370 questionnaires were distributed by random sampling among villagers. The research findings indicate that women in different parts of rural development have different performance and their highest performance based on John Friedman's survey and statistical test is in the physical and economic fields of the village, which totally female Dehyars in many cases and issues are better than male Dehyars and also villagers’ satisfaction toward them is high. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Spatial Analysis of Development in Rural Areas of Semnan Province Case study: Damghan city
Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli farhad azizpour

Achieving the balance and reducing the inequality in rural settlements requires studying and identifying the resources and facilities of these settlements. Indeed, spatial analysis of development identifies the inequality and deprivation of different areas and prioritiz More

Achieving the balance and reducing the inequality in rural settlements requires studying and identifying the resources and facilities of these settlements. Indeed, spatial analysis of development identifies the inequality and deprivation of different areas and prioritizes actions to improve the quality of life. The present study is based on the purpose, applied and research method of descriptive-analytic. The required data are obtained using 29 indicators in various dimensions and by documentary method. The study area is Damghan and the statistical population of the study is all the inhabited villages of Damghan. The research indicators weighted using F'ANP model and data analyzed using VIKOR multivariable decision making method. Cluster analysis used in order to classify the studied villages, from the aspect of developmental levels and analysis of their inequalities, and linear regression used to analysis the effectiveness of the components (emphasized in the conceptual model) on the final index of development in the area of the study. The results of the study indicate that the development in rural areas of the study has not been uniformly and fairly. The spatial pattern of this situation has become unbalanced. In this pattern, population and facilities in some villages are overprovision and in the others are under provision. This has caused immigration, in particular among young people, and thereby eliminating the age and gender balance, undermining the economic foundations and raising unemployment rates. Also, this developmental inequality in the rural districts of Damghan city was most affected by two factors: "access to welfare services and the level of economic participation". Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Assessing the level of development of Iranian villages using Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)
Ali Hajizadeh Shima Dadfar mehrshad toulabi nejad

Various indicators are used to measure the level of development, changes and developments of the rural development process and with the aim of planning and evaluating rural development plans. One of the important indicators for measuring rural development programs is th More

Various indicators are used to measure the level of development, changes and developments of the rural development process and with the aim of planning and evaluating rural development plans. One of the important indicators for measuring rural development programs is the use of Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) indicators. This index is widely used to measure or compare the level of development between different regions due to its simplicity and usability. In this study, using the natural indicators of quality of life in Morris and Calpine, the level of rural development of the country has been studied. In this research, with a positivist and positivist approach that has a practical nature and emphasizes on quantitative methods, the aim of the research, which is to measure the level of rural development in Iran, was pursued. Research data were collected from sources such as the Statistics Center of Iran, data from the Ministry of Health and statistical yearbooks of the provinces. Were compared with each other. The results showed that the level of development of the country's villages are different in terms of natural indicators of quality of life. The central provinces of the country in terms of the coefficient of this index compared to other regions of the country are at an appropriate level of rural development. While the peripheral provinces of the country are at a moderate level of development, and Sistan and Baluchestan province, which is one of the underdeveloped provinces of the country, is at the lowest level of rural development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Analysis of indicators and feasibility of smart village development (Case study: Avargan village)
Asghar Norouzi

Despie declining rural populations, about 47% of the world's population still lives in rural areas. The villages that are generally in conditions of poverty and undevelopment. At the same time, villages have capabilities in various aspects that can play a key role in ac More

Despie declining rural populations, about 47% of the world's population still lives in rural areas. The villages that are generally in conditions of poverty and undevelopment. At the same time, villages have capabilities in various aspects that can play a key role in achieving national development. On the other hand, development ideas have shifted from the technology revolution and especially in the last decade to new and smart technologies And other traditional models will not be responsible for sustainable rural development. In fact, new conditions were created for the villages based on technology, which is called the smart village. In this research, which of applied-fundamental type and its method is descriptive-analytical and based on survey, An attempt was made to write the indicators of the smart village with library studies and to be feasible in a field method. The statistical population includes the residents of Avargan village and their number was 2041 people. Using Cochran formul and modifying it, 280 samples randomly questioned. The results showed that the most important indicators of smart village are such as agriculture, industry, services, education, health … . Also the results of the application of t-test showed the best conditions in the development of smart village are the "economic" dimension and the worst conditions are the "institutional" dimension. In the economic dimension, "services" (with an average of 3.48) and in the" institutional", "planning" (with an average of 2.11) have the best and worst conditions, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - amount analysis of making influence of globalization processes on villagers life quality
Hamdollah Sojasi elham ashouri ramezan fakhraee مجید جویانی آبی بیگلو

10.29252/.1.4.20

It seems that globalization have brought hope and fear.at this juncture ,globalization effects on villagers have more depth and complexity.research method is analytic-descriptive with field measurement between 10 rural areas with 118 persons sample volumes.datum gatheri More

It seems that globalization have brought hope and fear.at this juncture ,globalization effects on villagers have more depth and complexity.research method is analytic-descriptive with field measurement between 10 rural areas with 118 persons sample volumes.datum gathering are from questionnaire means in 42 indicators framework in three dimentions of economic,social,physical-environmental between Kabood Gonbad rural district of Kalat township.gained results show that villages of Kabood Gonbad rural district have affected from globalization processes unequally in a case that Gherou village have given first rank more than other villages from universal processes effects.output properties of Iran villages show that because of social,economic,political and cultural limitations magistrating on rural society and global experiences from globalization,coming threats of villages are more than their future opportunities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Assessing the degree of development of the cities of Gilan province in the agricultural sector
Soheila Dalvandi Maral Riahi Yousef Ghanbari

In societies like ours, before oil revenues came to power, the national economy was based on agriculture and was the only source of treasury and government spending. In the present era, despite the reduction of the role of this sector in the economy, the study of the fu More

In societies like ours, before oil revenues came to power, the national economy was based on agriculture and was the only source of treasury and government spending. In the present era, despite the reduction of the role of this sector in the economy, the study of the function of economic sectors in the framework of national macroeconomics still confirms the significant role of the agricultural sector in the country. Agriculture is the main pillar of livelihood and economy of the people of Gilan. But the issue that has received less attention is regional justice and balance in having agricultural facilities and services among the cities of Gilan province. In fact, the evidence suggests that some cities are at a higher level in terms of development, and in this regard, there is an imbalance between cities. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Gilan Agricultural Statistics (2014) was used for data collection. Shannon and TOPSIS entropy models were also used for data analysis. The results of TOPSIS model in the group of indicators "Agricultural Tools and Technologies" showed that Rasht counties , Someh Sara, Lahijan and Tavalesh are in the first level of development: Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh, Rudsar, Bandar Anzali, Shaft and Fuman counties in the second level and Langarud, Amlash, Siahkal, Rudbar, Rezvanshahr and Masal and Astara counties in the third level Are located. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Investigating the Effect of Tourists Visits on Social Health of Host Communities: A Case Study of Select Tourism villages of Binalood city
tahereh Sadeghloo mitra yarahmadi

10.52547/journalitor.36052.9.17.0

), which is a statistical measure and gives investors a clue concerning volatility, is calculated to determine the extent to which companies are exposed to systematic risk. However, the asymmetry of information between the internal and external environment of small and More

), which is a statistical measure and gives investors a clue concerning volatility, is calculated to determine the extent to which companies are exposed to systematic risk. However, the asymmetry of information between the internal and external environment of small and medium-sized companies makes such studies more complex. According to the panel-data model results, the size of companies and the amount of their advertising have an adverse effect on systematic risk. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Identifying and Prioritizing Development Steps of Cultural Tourism in Lorestan Province Rural Areas
zeinab asadporiyan yaser mohamadi mehdi rahimian

10.52547/journalitor.36166.9.18.0

This study sought to identify and prioritize the development steps of cultural tourism in rural areas of Lorestan province using the qualitative-quantitative method and exploratory approach. To this end, at the first stage, 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted w More

This study sought to identify and prioritize the development steps of cultural tourism in rural areas of Lorestan province using the qualitative-quantitative method and exploratory approach. To this end, at the first stage, 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted with cultural tourism experts to identify the steps involved in cultural tourism development, out of which thirty-three solutions were identified in four main steps via open, axial, and selective coding. At the second stage, the Delphi-Fuzzy technique was applied in two stages to reach a consensus among the experts and prioritize cultural tourism development steps through the defuzzification process. The results showed that the identified strategies for cultural tourism development in Lorestan province could be categorized into four main steps: "Education and Innovation," "Physical Infrastructure," "Supportive-Institutional," and "Cultural-Advertising." Moreover, since the defuzzificated mean difference of the experts' opinion was less than 0.25 in two steps, all the identified solutions were proved to be valid. The results also indicated that the first and foremost step in tourism development was "education and innovation," followed by physical infrastructure, supportive-institutional, and cultural-promotional steps, respectively. Furthermore, at each step, the most important solutions were found to be advertising for tourism villages, identifying villages with tourism potentials, providing banking facilities for villagers to help them develop tourism, and building cultural elements and particular architectures in rural areas, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Evaluation of the causal model of effective criteria on modern rural management with fuzzy demitel approach
Ahmad hajarian

The results of the programs implemented in rural areas for development in most cases are not only not useful but also make the current situation of the villages more chaotic, this is due to lack of proper .The results of the programs implemented in rural areas for devel More

The results of the programs implemented in rural areas for development in most cases are not only not useful but also make the current situation of the villages more chaotic, this is due to lack of proper .The results of the programs implemented in rural areas for development in most cases are not only not useful but also make the current situation of the villages more chaotic, this is due to lack of proper management in the process of programs, with new management, villagers can Participate in the implementation of programs. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the causal pattern of criteria affecting modern rural management. The present study is applied according to its purpose, and based on descriptive-causal method. The statistical sample of the study consisted of 30 experts and specialists related to rural management. In order to achieve the research goal, fuzzy dimethyl technique was used. Findings of the study showed that among the four criteria of modern rural management, the criterion of responsibility was the most effective and the criterion of initiative was the most effective criterion of modern rural management. Also, the criterion of accountability was identified as the most important criterion of modern rural management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Measuring the degree of development of the cities of Gilan province in the agricultural sector
Yousef ghanbari سهیلا دالوندی مارال ریاحی

In societies like our country, before oil revenues came into use, the national economy was based on agriculture and was considered the only source of treasury and government expenses. In today's era, despite the reduction of the role of this sector in the economy, the s More

In societies like our country, before oil revenues came into use, the national economy was based on agriculture and was considered the only source of treasury and government expenses. In today's era, despite the reduction of the role of this sector in the economy, the study of the functioning of the economic sectors in the framework of the national macro-economy confirms the significant role of the agricultural sector in the country. Agriculture is the main pillar of Gilan people's livelihood and economy. But the issue that has received less attention in the meantime is regional justice and balance in enjoying agricultural facilities and services among the cities of Gilan In fact, the evidence indicates that some cities are at higher levels in terms of development, and in this sense, there is an imbalance between the cities. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The Agricultural Statistics of Gilan Province (2013) was used to collect information. Shannon and TOPSIS entropy models were also used for data analysis. The results of the TOPSIS model in the group of "agricultural tools and technologies" indicators showed that the cities of Rasht, Soumehsara, Lahijan and Talesh are in the first level of development. The cities of AstanehAshrafieh, Rudsar, Bandar Anzali, Shaft and Foman are on the second level and the cities of Langrod, Amlash, Siahkal, Rudbar, Razvanshahr and Masal and Astara are on the third level. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Evaluation of the causal model of effective criteria on modern rural management with fuzzy demitel approach
ahmad hajarian

The results of the programs implemented in rural areas for development in most cases are not only not useful but also make the current situation of the villages more chaotic, this is due to lack of proper management in the process of programs, with new management, vil More

The results of the programs implemented in rural areas for development in most cases are not only not useful but also make the current situation of the villages more chaotic, this is due to lack of proper management in the process of programs, with new management, villagers can Participate in the implementation of programs. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the causal pattern of criteria affecting modern rural management. The present study is applied according to its purpose, and based on descriptive-causal method. The statistical sample of the study consisted of 30 experts and specialists related to rural management. In order to achieve the research goal, fuzzy dimethyl technique was used. Findings of the study showed that among the four criteria of modern rural management, the criterion of responsibility was the most effective and the criterion of initiative was the most effective criterion of modern rural management. Also, the criterion of accountability was identified as the most important criterion of modern rural management. Manuscript profile

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