Assessing the level of development of Iranian villages using Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)
Subject Areas :
Ali Hajizadeh
1
()
Shima Dadfar
2
()
mehrshad toulabi nejad
3
()
Keywords: development, rural development, Physical Quality of Life Index, Iran,
Abstract :
Various indicators are used to measure the level of development, changes and developments of the rural development process and with the aim of planning and evaluating rural development plans. One of the important indicators for measuring rural development programs is the use of Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) indicators. This index is widely used to measure or compare the level of development between different regions due to its simplicity and usability. In this study, using the natural indicators of quality of life in Morris and Calpine, the level of rural development of the country has been studied. In this research, with a positivist and positivist approach that has a practical nature and emphasizes on quantitative methods, the aim of the research, which is to measure the level of rural development in Iran, was pursued. Research data were collected from sources such as the Statistics Center of Iran, data from the Ministry of Health and statistical yearbooks of the provinces. Were compared with each other. The results showed that the level of development of the country's villages are different in terms of natural indicators of quality of life. The central provinces of the country in terms of the coefficient of this index compared to other regions of the country are at an appropriate level of rural development. While the peripheral provinces of the country are at a moderate level of development, and Sistan and Baluchestan province, which is one of the underdeveloped provinces of the country, is at the lowest level of rural development.
1. پاپلی¬یزدی، محمدحسین،ابراهیمی،محمدامیر، (1391)، نظریه¬های توسعه¬روستایی، تهران، انتشارات سمت، چاپ هفتم.
2. تقوايي، مسعود، نيلي¬پورطباطبايي، شهره، (1385)، بررسي شاخص¬هاي توسعه در مناطق روستايي استان¬هاي كشور با استفاده از روش اسکالوگرام، اقتصاد كشاورزي و توسعه، 14 (56): 109- 141.
3. سالنامه آماری جمعیت کشور (1396)، فصل میزان ولادت و مرگ و میر.
4. شیخ¬بیگلو، رعنا، (1390)، شناسایی مناطق محروم ایران با استفاده از رتبه¬بندی ترکیبی، پژوهش و برنامه¬ریزی شهری، 2 (7): 53- 70.
5. طولابی¬نژاد، مهرشاد، (1398)، توسعه روستایی: اصول، سیاست¬ها و برنامه¬ریزی، تهران، انتشارات آکادمیک، چاپ اول.
6. فیض¬آبادي، یاسر، زاهدی، شبنم، (1397)، تحلیل نابرابری¬های اقتصادی- اجتماعی توسعه در نواحی روستایی ایران، اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی، 7 (2): 19- 40.
7. فیض¬آبادي، یاسر، ملکی، فاطمه، (1394)، بررسی و مقایسه توسعه یافتگی مناطق روستایی استان¬هاي ایران، رشد و توسعه اقتصاد روستایی و کشاورزی، 1 (1): 71- 82.
8. مرکز آمار ایران (1395)، فصل جمعیت و نیروی انسانی خانوارهاي روستايي سال 1395.
9. Abdul Aziz, S. Mohd Amin, R. Abdullah Yusof, S. Haneef, M. A. Mohamed, M. O.and Oziev, G. (215), A Critical Analysis Of Development Indices, Australian Journal of Sustainable Business and Society, 1 (1): 37- 53.
10. Adelman, I. Morris, C. T. (1967), Society, politics and economic development, Jolins Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
11. Alpermann, B. (2016), Fukuyama and the Chinese middle class: modernizing theory, Journal of Chinese Governance, 1 (3): 441- 456.
12. Ashley, C; and Maxwell, S. (2002), Rethinking Rural Development, Development Policy Preview, 19 (4): 395-425.
13. Borodina, O. and Prokopa, I. (2019), Inclusive rural development: a scientific discourse, Economy and Forecasting, 3 (1): 70- 85.
14. Chambers, R. (2005), Ideas for Development, London: Earthscan.
15. Dziekanski, P. and Wierszolowicz, E. (2019), THE Spatial Differentiation of Development and the Level of the Financial Situation of Rural Communes of the Swietokrzyskie Vpivodeship, Economic Science for Rural Development Conference Proceedings, 1 (52): 248- 255.
16. Estes, R. J. (2016), Global Change and Quality of Life Indicators, A Life Devoted to Quality of Life, Social Indicators Research Series, 60: 173- 193.
17. Estes, R.J. (2014) Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI). In: Michalos A.C. (eds) Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer, Dordrecht.
18. Giddens, A. (2000), Runaway World: How Globalization Is Reshaping Our Lives, New York: Routledge.
19. Green, G. P. (2013), Handbook of Rural Development, Massachusetts, Edward Elgar Publishing, USA.
20. Green, G. P. and Haines, A. (2012), Asset Building and Community Development, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
21. Guo, X. Yan, H. and Yuan, W. (219), Research on China's Rural Development Strategy Based on SWOT-AHP Analysis, International Research in Economics and Finance, 3 (1): 1- 15.
22. Hencoski, P. (2016).Planning for an Incremental Approach to Modernization, Policy and Practice, 74 (4):26-50.
23. Inglehart, R; Welzel, C. (2005), Modernization, Cultural Change and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence, New York: Cambridge University Press.
24. Inkeles, A. (1993), Industrialization, modernization and the quality of life, International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 34 (2): 1-2.
25. Lemprière, M. (2016), Usingecological modernisation theory to account for the evolution of the zero-carbon homes agenda in England, Academic Journal Environmental Politics, 25 (4): 690-708.
26. Lin. X, (2013). Gender, Modernity and Male Migrant Workers in China: Becoming a'modern'Man, London, Publisher London: Routledge, 4 Apr 2013, PP 150.
27. Liu, Z., and Liu, L. (2016). Characteristics and driving factors of rural livelihood transition in the east coastal region of China: A case study of suburban Shanghai. Journal of Rural Studies, 43(3): 145- 158.
28. McMichael, P. (2012), Development and Social Change: A Global Perspective, 5th edition, Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.
29. Milanovic, B. (2011), The Haves and the Have-Nots: A Short and Idiosyncratic History of Global Inequality, NewYork: Basic Books.
30. Morris, D. and. McAlpin, M. B. (1982), measuring the Condition of India’s Poor: The Physical Quality of Life Index. New Delhi: Promilla and Company Publishers.
31. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2006), ‘The New Rural Paradigm: policies and governance’, Paris: OECD. http://www3.unisi.it/cipas/ref/OECD_2006_Rural_Paradigm.pdf.
32. Peters, M. Kallmuenzer, A. and Buhalis, D. (2019), Hospitality entrepreneurs managing quality of life and business growth, Current Issues in Tourism, 22 (16): 2014- 2033.
33. Rogers, Everett M. (1995), Diffusion of Innovations, 4th edition, New York: Free Press.
34. Sen, A. (1999), Development as freedom, Oxford University Press, New York
35. Singh, K. (2009), Rural Development: Principles, Policies and Management, India, SAGE Publications, Third Edition.
36. Stanny, M. Rosner, A. and Kozdron, N. (2016), Zmiany rozkładu przestrzennego poziomui dynamiki rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego obszarów wiejskichw Polsce, Rural and agricultural, 4 (173): 29- 48.
37. Streeten, P. (1981), Development perspectives, Macmillan, London.
38. Todaro, M. P. (1997), Economic development, Longman, London.
39. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (2010), ‘Rural America at a glance, http://www.ers.usda.gov/media/138737/eib68_1_.pdf.
40. Van der Gaag, J. (2011), ‘The economics of human development’, 2011 International Conference on Early Childhood Development, Beijing.
41. Van der Ploeg, J. D; Schneider, S; and Ye, J. (2012), Rural development through the construction of new, nested markets: Comparative perspectives from China, Brazil and the European Union. Journal of Peasant Studies, 39 (1): 133-173.
42. Wang, Y. Liu, Y. Li, Y. and Li, T. (2016), the spatio-temporal patterns of urban–rural development transformation in China since 1990, Habitat International, 53: 178- 187.
43. World Bank, (2018), staff estimates based on the United Nations Population Division's World Urbanization Prospects: 2018 Revision.
44. Yazawa. A, Inoue. Y, Li. D, Du. J, Jin. Y, Chen.Y, Nishitani. M, Watanabe. Ch and Masahiro Umezaki, (2014), Impact of lifestyle changes on stress in a modernizing rural population in Hainan Island, China, American Journal of Human Biology, 26(1):36-42.
