Cooperation

Open Access Article

1 - Investigating the barriers perceived by small and medium industries (SMEs) in technological cooperation with universities
syamak nouri yazdan moradi

The development of the relationship between academia and small and medium-sized industries (SMEs) has recently attracted the attention of policymakers due to its positive consequences in the economic and social fields, and efforts have been made to establish an effectiv More

The development of the relationship between academia and small and medium-sized industries (SMEs) has recently attracted the attention of policymakers due to its positive consequences in the economic and social fields, and efforts have been made to establish an effective link between the two. Despite these efforts, the current state of this relationship does not seem to be favorable, so the present study examines the perceived barriers in this area. For this purpose, after reviewing the literature and identifying some of these obstacles, a questionnaire was designed and distributed among craftsmen / entrepreneurs participating in the "20th National Congress of Government, University and Industry Cooperation for National Development" to highlight the importance of each of these barriers in creating Identify effective collaboration between universities and SMEs from their perspective. Also, the research was completed by conducting in-depth interviews with 10 experts active in this field and analyzing the interviews while achieving theoretical saturation and stopping the interviews. Findings show that the lack of supportive structure and intermediary institutions, differences in views and cultural barriers, as well as barriers related to administrative processes and administrative and educational mechanisms in the university are the most important barriers to the development of technological cooperation between universities and SMEs, respectively. Also, SPSS software was used to analyze the data and Friedman analysis of variance was used to compare the barriers to cooperation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Measuring motivation and job satisfaction in industry and the role of government and university in their improvement
naser shams farnaz kazempour

Improving staff motivation in any working area has direct effect on productivity improvement. To achieve this important goal, identification and measurement of factors in promoting motivation is highly important and can help managers in achieving the organization goals. More

Improving staff motivation in any working area has direct effect on productivity improvement. To achieve this important goal, identification and measurement of factors in promoting motivation is highly important and can help managers in achieving the organization goals. Considering the importance of motivation and job satisfaction, this paper intends to design and develop the indicators to measure motivation and job satisfaction in a specific industry based on the Herzberg theory. By applying fuzzy method and calculating and analysing the indices, guidelines for staff improvement in the industry by Government and university will be provided. The results show that the application of designed indicators will enhance motivation and increase job satisfaction in the studied industry Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Successful Cases of University and Industry Interaction
hedayatollah jamalipour masoud shafiee

in this paper the interaction between university and industry for developed country has been studied. For this, we First have identified the fundamental parameters, which are important for this cooperation. Second the advantage and weakness of there parameter were recog More

in this paper the interaction between university and industry for developed country has been studied. For this, we First have identified the fundamental parameters, which are important for this cooperation. Second the advantage and weakness of there parameter were recognized. We hope our officials and scientists would learn from these experiences and design a suitable model for university and industry relation for Islamic republic of Iran Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Short Message (SMSs) in New Esperanto A Form – Content Analysis
ليلا شريفي

This paper investigates short messages, and the language resultant from abrivations made by the young people using mobile phones. Abrivation in language has many types, but what this article means by abrivation is the type the youth invented for saving time and ease of More

This paper investigates short messages, and the language resultant from abrivations made by the young people using mobile phones. Abrivation in language has many types, but what this article means by abrivation is the type the youth invented for saving time and ease of typing in sending messages. They have developed a literature that has broken the language rules, the rules governing pronunciation and grammar of standard languages. It knows no geographical boundary. It has signs of globalization. This research shows that dropping word letters in SMS is regular and predictable; the rules governing it are controlled by two phonological principles of “figure-ground” (Dressler 1996) and “strong-stronger” (Dongen 1978/1985). According to the Findings of the research, phonological principles controls decreasing the length of words in SMS, of course not considering suprasegmental elements. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Experience of university cooperation with industry in the USA
Mostafa Amini

University-industry cooperation is a global challenge and countries have tried to solve this challenge in various ways. Therefore, the study of global experiences can guide the country in choosing the right path of university cooperation with industry. The United States More

University-industry cooperation is a global challenge and countries have tried to solve this challenge in various ways. Therefore, the study of global experiences can guide the country in choosing the right path of university cooperation with industry. The United States is one of the countries that has tried to solve this challenge by advancing strategies and improving the university-industry relationship. Important steps by the United States to increase cooperation between academia and industry include the passage of the Bayh-Dole Act, the Technology Transfer Act, the allocation of tax exemptions for research and development at the university, the reduction of the federal budget and the establishment of intermediaries for its allocation and unlimited royalties. It is an invention. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Reviewing and evaluating the resolutions of the 21st National Congress in the direction of tripartite cooperation between the government, academia and industry
mohammadreza salehi masoud shafiee

The National Congress of Government, University and Industry for National Development in recent years, with the cooperation of elites and experts from scientific, research and industrial centers, has been able to continuously provide useful solutions over time. Suggesti More

The National Congress of Government, University and Industry for National Development in recent years, with the cooperation of elites and experts from scientific, research and industrial centers, has been able to continuously provide useful solutions over time. Suggestions such as: "Creating an integrated industrial information and scientific system in the country's industry for access to timely information of industry and academia, creating and equipping laboratories Specialized national in order to provide optimal services to universities and industry, formulate a national research strategy and set priorities and improve the country's research management, modify and review the programs and educational chapters of universities, in accordance with modern technologies , Cooperation of government and executive organizations, universities and research institutes and industry to draw and formulate the national innovation system of the country, expansion of communication and scientific, technical and research cooperation with competent international institutions with systematic focus on efficient domestic forces and review Development of technology, homogeneous networking of industrial and research units, creation of software and brain infrastructure of government, university and industry communication in all provincial centers, using the experiences of other countries and university centers in the relationship between industry and university, especially Industrial and developed countries, setting up industry and business clinics in the provinces in cooperation with universities and industries to "One of the models of university-industry cooperation, strengthening the role of private sector institutions in the cycle of science and industry and research and technology activities", and many other things that could undoubtedly and can continue to be in the relationship between industry and academia Be path-breaking Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - United Nations Sanctions Against the International Criminal Court Cooperation: The Impact of Ethical Principles Caused by Human Rights
Mohammad seyed ghasem zamani hasan savari mahdi hadavand

The Security Council has, since 1966, exercised its authority to impose international sanctions and in response to the threat to international peace and security, has imposed 26 sanctions regimes against 21 countries, as well as organizations, terrorist organizations an More

The Security Council has, since 1966, exercised its authority to impose international sanctions and in response to the threat to international peace and security, has imposed 26 sanctions regimes against 21 countries, as well as organizations, terrorist organizations and groups. Currently, 13 regimes from the 26 regimes in the areas of hostilities, nuclear proliferation and terrorism are still active. Each regime is run by a sanctions committee headed by a non-permanent member of the Security Council. The author examines the regime of terrorist sanctions, which is generally linked to justice and ethical rules derived from human rights doctrines. The moral mechanisms behind international criminal justice and the United Nations terrorist sanctions regime are tightly intertwined, to a point where friction sometimes occurs. The coordinated relationship between them is in the interest of both institutions and is in line with their goals. According to the author, for this purpose, it is necessary to take several steps. The proposal to establish a Security Council subcommittee with a special mission "Review Mutual Reciprocal Institutions" along with observance of the ethical rules derived from human rights doctrines is in this regard Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Concept of Salaam (peace) and Peaceful Cooperation in Mulla Hadi Sabzevari’s View Compared to that of Rumi and Hafez
Mohammad Javad Sami Mohammad Yousef Nayeri

Serenity in the behavior and speech of Hakim Sobzavari is a product of his peaceful thought. The current paper aims at illustrating the effect of the peacefulness and symbiosis of the speaker's behavior. This issue comes from Hakim friendship with Rumi and Hafez. This m More

Serenity in the behavior and speech of Hakim Sobzavari is a product of his peaceful thought. The current paper aims at illustrating the effect of the peacefulness and symbiosis of the speaker's behavior. This issue comes from Hakim friendship with Rumi and Hafez. This moral and mystical position may not be achieved unless for the experience of various disasters such as diseases, famine, civil war, Bob insurrection, Tbilisi Wars and catastrophic wars of Kerman, the ten-year war with Russia separating the lands of northwest Iran from the country. In this age Sabzevari's wisdom prevails the Qajar era and rationalism dominates militant thoughts. In Hakim view, the fragrance of peace and friendship is a substitute for war and conflict. The argument is that why wise men, poets and mystics are more peaceful than others. This concept is doubled in Hakim thought influenced by Mulla Sadra's transcendent wisdom as well as the poetry of Rumi and Hafez. This paper studies the cooperation of mystics and people using library sources. This move occurs when Hakim Sabzevari wields rationalism in the pursuit of philosophy and adheres to decent ethical behaviors in a time when people of the both conflicting parties seek refuge at Salar Al-dole home. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Investigating the role of university-industry cooperation in the development of countries with a look at global policies and trade
masoud shafiee hajar safaheih

Scientific, industrial, economic and social growth and development has always been considered as the most important concern of policy makers in all societies and in the present era, achieving this development is one of the major goals of any country. One of the most wel More

Scientific, industrial, economic and social growth and development has always been considered as the most important concern of policy makers in all societies and in the present era, achieving this development is one of the major goals of any country. One of the most well-known factors influencing societies in achieving promotion and development is the bilateral cooperation between universities and industries, so that without a proper link between these institutions, the desired development of a society far from imaginable will be. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of this type of cooperation in the development of countries and also to identify and compare the policies, strategies and global experiences of a number of leading countries such as the United States, Britain, Japan and Turkey in this regard. This research was conducted using the library method and content analysis approach, and at the end, solutions for fruitful models to promote university-industry cooperation in the country are presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Comparative Study of the Effect of Innovation on Income Inequality
Abolfazll Shahabadi Sara Sarygol

In recent decades, the reduction of income inequality should be considered as the strategy of the major objectives of economic and social development and even the government. Therefore, analysis of income distribution and distributional effects of policies in order to i More

In recent decades, the reduction of income inequality should be considered as the strategy of the major objectives of economic and social development and even the government. Therefore, analysis of income distribution and distributional effects of policies in order to increase economic growth has gained importance. On the other hand, the ability to achieve creative innovation using human resources as the first step is to convert knowledge into wealth. So, considering the critical importance of innovation in modern economies, the present study investigated the role of innovation on income inequality of OPEC countries and selected the OECD developed countries during the period 1995-2009. The results suggest that the status of OPEC countries compared to OECD countries in both the Gini index as well as innovation is weak and undesirable, due to the lack of coordination between macro-economic policies from one side and research and educational policies form other side. Also based on the results, most countries with better support for innovative activities have shown better income distribution. Thus, the movement of countries with economy and capital resources oriention towards knowledge-based economy, innovative activities support and reduce income inequality are essential orientations for macro-economic policies along with research and educational policies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Technology Exploitation Mechanisms In Biotechnology
Jahangir Yadoollahi Farsi Zahra Kalanhaei

Biotechnology industry has a special place among novel industries and its progress and development speed just in less than three years, is seems surprising. Biotechnology is one of those crucial and important technologies that its success and impact are caused by its ca More

Biotechnology industry has a special place among novel industries and its progress and development speed just in less than three years, is seems surprising. Biotechnology is one of those crucial and important technologies that its success and impact are caused by its capabilities and extended applications. Most biotech companies are small start ups and although they have been working for several years in this area, they have not been able to achieve significant profitability yet. The evidence proves that there are some problems in process of translating research findings into commercial outcomes. The term commercialization strategy is refers to research and technology exploitation methods in front of researchers and scientists to move their science streams from concept to the market environment. This article intended to identify and introduce the most appropriate strategy of research commercialization in the Iranian biotechnology companies through the mixed methods study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Technological Collaboration :Key Concepts and Success Factors
Reza Ansari

In today's world, especially after the development of open innovation paradigm, technological collaboration is the most important sources of innovation. Because, in the new competitive environment, organizations are in need sources of innovation and the current competi More

In today's world, especially after the development of open innovation paradigm, technological collaboration is the most important sources of innovation. Because, in the new competitive environment, organizations are in need sources of innovation and the current competitive advantages and internal resources are not sufficient for competitiveness. So technological collaboration is an effective tool for developing competitive advantage and eliminate the gap between current and desired capabilities. This makes the technological collaboration as an engine of growth and productivity in local and international markets and also as one of the most important management tools for improving the competitiveness of organizations and strategic maneuvers in complex and dynamic environments. In recent years, collaboration has been expanded so that five hundred first-class international business, has more than sixty percent of strategic alliances. These collaborations are not necessarily always successful and failure rate has been reported seventy to eighty percent. These failures led to the scientific experts efforts for finding solutions of increase the effectiveness of collaborations, Appropriate methods of collaboration, Reduce the risks of collaboration and identifying Success Factors. In this paper is attempted after literature review, success Factors of technological collaboration is introduced. Understanding these factors provide useful insight for managers and policy makers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Globalization of Higher Education; Various Dimensions
Ahmadreza Akhvan Sarraf Maryam Nilforosh zadeh

Globalization trend makes a transnational nature for scientific and technical capacities in the world and recognized as one of the main challenges of higher education in developing countries. This phenomenon by introducing a wide area in front of overseas education serv More

Globalization trend makes a transnational nature for scientific and technical capacities in the world and recognized as one of the main challenges of higher education in developing countries. This phenomenon by introducing a wide area in front of overseas education services, lead some developed countries toward direct foreign investment in education with the aim of scientific cooperation with other countries, improvement of manpower quality, access to skills in new places, students selection for internal universities, reduce costs, using a more liberal transaction and new investment environments. There are numerous stimulating factors to promote higher education over the world. One of these factors can be cited as the emergence of information communications technology. Geographical boundaries are eliminated by this technology so that applicants can achieve required education services from universities in another corner of the world. Thus globalization will be an opportunity only if the higher education units overcome their inefficiencies, otherwise the flood of globalization will attracts the applicants (students) and training providers (teachers and elite staff). This article reviews dimensions of higher education globalization focuses on continuously developments and changes of the world. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - A Framework for Evaluating and Selecting a Strategic Supplier (Case Study: Yazd Alloy Steel Corporation)
Mohammad Ali Sangbor Fatemeh Javidi Karim Golmohammadi Rasoul Abbasi

10.52547/jstpi.20848.16.63.59

Today, due to increasing competition and dynamism of economy and business activities, adopting a strategic approach to supply chain management and supplier selection is undeniable necessity. Suppliers are one of the most vital parts of supply chain and supplier selectio More

Today, due to increasing competition and dynamism of economy and business activities, adopting a strategic approach to supply chain management and supplier selection is undeniable necessity. Suppliers are one of the most vital parts of supply chain and supplier selection issues are complex issues that may have many qualitative and quantitative concerns. The presented frameworks in the previous research are unable to response dynamism strategic and provide an appropriate framework, in this study, strategic cooperation approaches and supplier selection criteria have combined. For this purpose, components of cooperation strategies and supplier selection criteria have been counted and based on quality function deployment approach, the relationship between them has been specified. Finally, using fuzzy TODIM method, strategic weight of criteria has been obtained. in this study, because of expert oriented data, the non-sampling method is used for gathering data. The statistical population consist of supply chain experts and managers of Yazd Alloy Steel corporation. For analyzing data, a the oretical sampling was used and a non-statistical sample including ten experts was selected. As a result, a strategic supplier selection framework and strategic weight of every component, were determined. The results of data analysis show that among the 20 criteria, five criteria including "product quality", "strategic planning", "History of suppliers", "risk prediction" and "R & D Management" are in the first to fifth priorities in terms of importance respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - The Impact of Social Collaboration on Economic Growth
Parvaneh Salatin

Nowadays there is another producing element beside the human, financial and economic capitals, named social capital, which is an aspect of social cooperation. This concept refers to connections and communications of members of a network as a valuable source which cause More

Nowadays there is another producing element beside the human, financial and economic capitals, named social capital, which is an aspect of social cooperation. This concept refers to connections and communications of members of a network as a valuable source which cause achievement of goals by creating norms and mutual trust. The governments need the cooperation of public, specially the elites, in execution of economic plans because the cooperation of elites and economic brokers in execution of economic policies of the government shall facilitate the achievement of goals and the feedbacks of the elites to the economic plans of the government may amend the weak points of the government plans and increase the efficiency of the performance of the government. On the other hand the trust of the people to the government may increase their partnership in execution of government plans and political support from the government in such a way that the government may perform its economic, political and social plans more effectively in case of partnership and cooperation of people. the main objective of this paper is analyzing the effect of social cooperation on economic growth in selected middle income countries. The results of the model using fixed effects and Generalized Method of Moments in selected countries in the 2013-1994 shows that the social cooperation has a positive and significant effect on economic growth in selected countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Explain the gap in entrepreneurship and technology commercialization in cooperation between industry and university
yazdan moradi siamak noori

T he present study aimed to evaluate the analysis of studies in the field of cooperation between industry and university Over the past three decades have done so through a gap in cooperation between them be explained. This study used a descriptive-analytic review of re More

T he present study aimed to evaluate the analysis of studies in the field of cooperation between industry and university Over the past three decades have done so through a gap in cooperation between them be explained. This study used a descriptive-analytic review of research methods. And previous studies have been done and then get the experts from Through in-depth interviews with experts from both university and industry organizations.Continued Interviews conducted on the basis of theoretical adequacy of the data was stopped on 18 interviews. Of these, 8 out of university professors and experts in the subject, 3 persons CEO industrial companies,4 people, government officials and three experts in the field of entrepreneurship and CEO of intermediary companies participated in interviews. The results show that although University-industry cooperation in education, research and Knowledge-based entrepreneurship & technology commercialization is raised but over time the share of education and too research reduced and a desire for cooperation of Knowledge-based entrepreneurship and technology commercialization has increased. Review current approaches in cooperation between industry and universities prefer to Ability of the private sector and companies of intermediate (hub), especially in knowledge-based entrepreneurship and technology commercialization. The results show that the role of local patterns and human resources entrepreneur who has Commitment and sense of responsibility towards the country, industry and university cooperation with industry and university was found in successful models. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Key Drivers affecting on international strategic cooperation in the automotive industry: A Systematic Literature Review
Farhad Toudehrousta ali heidary Ali Asghar Pourezzat Amir Albadvi

The automotive industry is known as one of the major industries in each country and has a significant role in its economic growth. Therefore, to compete globally, companies need to rethink their strategies based on understanding the environmental conditions and factors More

The automotive industry is known as one of the major industries in each country and has a significant role in its economic growth. Therefore, to compete globally, companies need to rethink their strategies based on understanding the environmental conditions and factors influencing their strategy, on which to base their strategy in the form of alliances, cooperation and partnerships. The purpose of this research is to identify key drivers affecting international strategic cooperation in the automotive industry. The methodology used in the present study is a systematic review of 49 articles on key drivers affecting international strategic cooperation of the automotive industry in international scientific databases such as Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar as well as in-house scientific databases that published since 2006 to 2019, extracted and after screening process, by coding method with MAXQDA software was analyzed. Based on result of the analysis of selected articles, a set of key environmental drivers were identified, categorized and described at industry, national and international levels. The results of this study show that a set of key drivers of automotive technology developments, automotive industry policy making, legal and institutional factors, global trends in automobile industry and international interactions of the country have had the most impact on the direction of international strategic cooperation in the automotive industry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - The Effect of Green Supply Chain Management Practices on Performance and Competitiveness in a Chadormaloo Iron Ore Mine
seyyed morteza ghayour niloofar nejati yazdi nejad amir ghafourian shagerdi

Because green practices are very common in industrial environments and have affected on performance.The present study investigates the effect of green supply chain management measures on performance and competitiveness in Chadormelo iron ore mine. This research is appl More

Because green practices are very common in industrial environments and have affected on performance.The present study investigates the effect of green supply chain management measures on performance and competitiveness in Chadormelo iron ore mine. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of analytical method. The statistical population of this study is the managers and organizational experts of Chadormelo Iron Ore Company (317 people), of which 180 people were selected as a sample by simple random sampling method.Data collection tools were a localized questionnaire based on the research of Yang et al. (2013) and Younes et al. (2016).The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the validity criterion and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient.Structural equation modeling and PLS software were used to analyze the data.The test of research hypotheses with the help of structural equation modeling showed that internal measures and external collaborations of green supply chain management are related to green performance and competitiveness of the company.Also, the relationship between both green supply chain management departments and the company's social performance was confirmed.On the other hand, the relationship between competitiveness and corporate social performance was positive and significant.In addition, the mediating role of competitiveness in the relationship between green supply chain management and social performance was only confirmed in terms of internal measures and external participation.Finally, it can be said that internal measures and external partnerships of green supply chain management in Chadormelo Company strengthen the company's social performance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - testDesign Decentralized Controller for a Group of Cooperative Robot to Pushing a Box in Presence of Network Constraints
میلاد مرادی سید محمد مهدی Seyyed M. Mehdi Dehghan

The problem of pushing objects by a group of cooperative robots has many applications on land and sea level and due to its importance, it has become a standard problem for evaluating various theories of robot cooperation. In this case, each robot produces distributed co More

The problem of pushing objects by a group of cooperative robots has many applications on land and sea level and due to its importance, it has become a standard problem for evaluating various theories of robot cooperation. In this case, each robot produces distributed control force to push the object in the desired direction. The proposed methods for distributed control of an object on a time-varying path require information about the position of the robots relative to the object. The problem of the lack of sufficient knowledge of each robot of how the robots are positioned relative to the body can be solved by proposing a consensus issue on positional moments. In this case, the robots must reach a consensus on these moments by exchanging information through the communication network between them. The effect of communication network between robots on the process of reaching consensus and the effect of delay in consensus on the results of control of object on the desired path is the subject of this article. In this paper, the appropriate control law for achieving consensus in the absence of full connection between all bots, delay and the probability of data loss in the communication network is presented. The maximum allowable network delay is also specified to prevent the instability of object motion control. The simulation results show the capability of the proposed method for controlling the velocity of the object on the desired variable path and show the effect of network constraints on the performance of the controller. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Technological cooperation, university reproductive company, information and communication technology.
Fazel Hajizadeh Ebrahimi Abolfazl Kazazi

The present study investigates the role of factors affecting the success of technological cooperation between academic and industrial reproductive companies in the field of information and communication technology with the mediating role of intermediary institutions. Th More

The present study investigates the role of factors affecting the success of technological cooperation between academic and industrial reproductive companies in the field of information and communication technology with the mediating role of intermediary institutions. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and quantitative in terms of type. Among parks and growth centers, 13 parks and growth centers were selected as a statistical sample; In addition, in each of the selected samples, the CEO or a knowledgeable person was selected as the respondent. Therefore, 341 questionnaires were distributed and 317 usable questionnaires were collected. After confirming the validity and reliability of the research, the data were analyzed by SPSS and LISREL software. The results indicate that factors related to industry and academia have a positive and significant effect on the success of technological cooperation. The mediating role of intermediary institutions on the success of technological cooperation was also acknowledged. The findings of this study provide practical and theoretical implications for improving technological cooperation between academia and industry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - An Analysis of the Effectiveness of National Measures Taken in the Field of University-Industry Cooperation; Identify, Prioritize and Provide Solutions for Excellence
Seyed Maseood Ghoreishi mehdi majidpour babak negahdari morteza mousakhani

In the upstream documents of the country, the issue of responding to scientific and research centers to the demand of industries and organizations has been emphasized; Therefore, the cooperation between the university and industry has become very important. Numerous nat More

In the upstream documents of the country, the issue of responding to scientific and research centers to the demand of industries and organizations has been emphasized; Therefore, the cooperation between the university and industry has become very important. Numerous national measures have been taken in cooperation with the university and industry, which need to be evaluated. Two main goals are pursued; One is to discover the extent to which the goals and functions of the actions taken in the field of university-industry relations have been achieved, and the other is to provide executive solutions to improve the current path and move towards the excellence of university-industry cooperation. In this research, using methods such as library studies, interviews with experts and the focus group, first the measures taken in the field of cooperation between the university and the statistics industry and then by surveying experts, the effectiveness of each measure in terms of each criterion and The rate of fulfillment of each criterion was calculated in terms of measures taken and analyzed using statistical mean method. It can be said that none of the measures that have been taken so far in the field of industry-university relationship have had the desired efficiency and also the efficiency criteria have not been met to an acceptable level in most of the executive measures. At the end, several proposals were presented, including the establishment of the executive headquarters of university-industry cooperation and the privatization of offices related to industry and university entrepreneurship Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Exploring the Relationship between the Culture of Cooperation and the Creative Performance of Tourism Hoteling Organizations Staff
majid sarani ali akbar amin bedokhti sakineh jafari

In today’s competitive world, the key to success of tourism and hoteling organizations lies in their provision of creative products and services with regard to the different needs of their customers. As the staff’s creativity could provide organizations with some compet More

In today’s competitive world, the key to success of tourism and hoteling organizations lies in their provision of creative products and services with regard to the different needs of their customers. As the staff’s creativity could provide organizations with some competitive advantages, they need to try more to increase their employees’ creativity so that they may enjoy such advantages. This applied descriptive-correlative study, therefore, set out to investigate the relationship between the culture of cooperation and the creative performance of those staff members working in tourism organizations and two, three and four-star hotels in Yazd, Iran. To this end, a population of 172 supervisors and employees from all two, three and four-star hotels of Yazd city were selected through stratified random sampling. Having administered the standard questionnaires on culture of cooperation, working environment, and creative performance, the collected data were analyzed through the path analysis model, using LISREL software. The findings of the study indicated a significant positive and direct correlation between the culture of cooperation and the employees’ creative performance, while the culture had no such effect on the creativity of the staff when enforced through the procedural justice as an intervening variable. It was also found that there was a significant indirect relationship between the culture and the employees’ creative performance when the sharing of knowledge acted as a mediator, and that the cooperative culture had an indirect effect on employees’ creativity with the motivation acting as a mediator. Moreover, the culture of cooperation proved to have a significant indirect influence on the employees’ creative performance with the promotion factor acting as an intervening variable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Network Analysis of Organizational Cooperation in Tourism Destination Management
Asghar Tahmasebi mehri zavarniya

Organizational cooperation is regarded as a key factor in the sustainability and competitiveness of tourist destinations. This study sought to investigate the organizational cooperation network and the position of different actors and organizations within the management More

Organizational cooperation is regarded as a key factor in the sustainability and competitiveness of tourist destinations. This study sought to investigate the organizational cooperation network and the position of different actors and organizations within the management of Mashhad tourist destinations, using Social Network Analysis. To this end, the data on the organizational interactions of 30 actors involved were collected through surveying and interviewing three key experts in each relevant organization. The data were then analyzed via Ucinet software, using the in-degree, out-degree, and betweenness centrality indicators. The findings of the study indicated that the governmental organizations such as the provincial governments, gubernatorial offices, and the Law Enforcement Forces mostly exercised control and power on Mashhad tourist destinations’ organizational cooperation network. Moreover, with the highest amount of betweenness centrality, the gubernatorial offices, and the Office of Tourism and Cultural Heritage enjoyed the greatest potentials for cooperation within the organizational cooperation network. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Social Impact Assessment of BRT Line Displacement in Mowlavi Street
Zahra Khastoo

Deputy of Transportation and Traffic of Tehran Municipal Region 12 has presented a plan to displace the BRT line from the south side of Mowlavi Street to the middle in order to increase safety and organize public transportation. This paper aims to study the social and c More

Deputy of Transportation and Traffic of Tehran Municipal Region 12 has presented a plan to displace the BRT line from the south side of Mowlavi Street to the middle in order to increase safety and organize public transportation. This paper aims to study the social and cultural impacts of this intervention on the social life of Mowlavi Street in accordance with the stakeholders’ needs, situations, and opinions. The main methodology of this research is based on qualitative approach and phenomenological method using in-depth interview and focus group techniques. Accordingly, relying on the theoretical framework of livability. several concepts such as sustainability, sustainable transportation, quality of life and safety have been brought forth. The findings indicate that the displacement of Mowlavi BRT line can increase street safety; however, this requires a high level of organizational cooperation of Traffic Police on this street. On the other hand, one-way to two-way street conversion which is also aligned with the local residents’ and businesses’ social and economic benefits in Harandi and Takhti neighborhoods, can increase the transportation demand for Mowlavi Street. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Multilateral Export Control Regimes: a Legal Mechanism or Tool of Political Pressure?
غلامحسین دهقانی فاطمه هاشمی

Multilateral export control regimes are among major tools used by developed Western countries during the past six decades to maintain their technological supremacy under the pretext of preventing proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. These regimes have grown and More

Multilateral export control regimes are among major tools used by developed Western countries during the past six decades to maintain their technological supremacy under the pretext of preventing proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. These regimes have grown and developed unprecedentedly in both quantitative and qualitative terms especially in the past decade following 9/11 terrorist attacks. Opponents and proponents have offered various viewpoints on the legality or illegality of these regimes on the basis of the international law. This research first presents a theoretical framework for the assessment of those viewpoints. Since both opponents and proponents have emphasized on the relationship between these regimes and international nonproliferation regimes, their implications for availability of equipment and material related to weapons of mass destruction, conventional weapons, missiles, and dual-use goods and material are briefly discussed. Finally, developments of these regimes in addition to viewpoints of proponents and opponents about legality and illegality of export control regimes are explained using a comparative study of commitments of states members of these regimes and their commitments under international nonproliferation treaties. The conclusion is that such export control regimes, which have been developed by their members to create monopoly on technical know-how and technology, are incompatible with commitments of member states under international law Manuscript profile

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26 - International Responsibility of OPCW to Foster Peaceful Cooperation
شاهرخ شاکریان

The Chemical Weapons Convention, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1992, constitutes the most important international legal instrument on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction. The present pa More

The Chemical Weapons Convention, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1992, constitutes the most important international legal instrument on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction. The present paper intends to explore the commitment of the Convention to fostering peaceful chemical cooperation as envisioned in Articles 8 and 11, and also to assess the international responsibility of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). Therefore, the main question of this paper is: “Under what conditions and according to what principles can this Organization be held responsible with regard to its commitment to fostering peaceful international cooperation in the field of chemical activities?” As discussed in this paper, according to the provisions of Article 11 of the Convention, the Organization is under definitive obligations to bolster international cooperation. The paper also shows that the measures taken by the Australia Group, whose members are also Member States of the OPCW, in expanding prohibitions and restrictions of the Convention are incompatible with the provisions of the Convention and, therefore, its members are in violation of the Convention. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Territory of Greater Iran, Good Ground for Regional Arrangement
علی زینی وند

The preset paper discusses major components of a new regional arrangement within the cultural territory of greater Iran. It represents an effort to explore both elements of convergence that make up a regional arrangement, and the elements of divergence that disturb it. More

The preset paper discusses major components of a new regional arrangement within the cultural territory of greater Iran. It represents an effort to explore both elements of convergence that make up a regional arrangement, and the elements of divergence that disturb it. Three common factors that have been identified and assessed include: a. territorial unity, b. common history and destiny, and c. common culture and cultural factors. It seems that if players in this region cooperated, unifying variables in the territory of greater Iran would be able to turn it into a prosperous and powerful region in all fields. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Revisiting SCO According to 3rd Generation of Regionalism Theories
محسن خلیلی معصومه زارعی‌هدک

Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is a regional organization established to build confidence among member states; fight terrorism, religious extremism and separatism; and to counteract the United States unilateralism in international system. China, Russia, and Cen More

Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is a regional organization established to build confidence among member states; fight terrorism, religious extremism and separatism; and to counteract the United States unilateralism in international system. China, Russia, and Central Asian countries (except Turkmenistan) are its members with Iran, India, Pakistan and Mongolia being observers. Shanghai Cooperation Organization is part of convergence process in Asia, but it was established under conditions different from regionalism in Asia. Regionalism in Asia can be explained within three generations of theories, including hegemonic regionalism, independent regionalism, and modern regionalism. This paper redefines SCO according to third-generation theories of regionalism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Impact of Cooperation and Competition of Shanghai’s Members on its Goals and Performance: 2001- 2013
reza simbar مهدی هدایتی شهیدانی

The power vacuum within the Central Asia in the aftermath of the Cold War led the regional actors to create an integrative structure. Establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) signifies the sensitivity and determination of its founding members towards More

The power vacuum within the Central Asia in the aftermath of the Cold War led the regional actors to create an integrative structure. Establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) signifies the sensitivity and determination of its founding members towards international, regional and local issues. The inherent rivalry and conflict in facing security crisis within the cooperative framework of SCO was the natural result of the presence of two nuclear and economic power, Russia and China, alongside micro-actors. This paper explains the nature of the communication system governing the relations among SCO members through the regional security arrangements approach. The hypothesis that “gathering of various approaches within the SCO would lead to increased cooperative relations, but also competetive and interest-maximiser” will be tested against various historical, geopolitical and economic variables. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Opposition Groups and the Competency of International Organizations; The Case Study of Arab League and Organization for Islamic Cooperation’s action vis-a-vis Opposition to Libyan and Syrian Governments
Amir Hossein ranjbarian شهزاد رییسی

With the upsurge of conflicts between governments and oppositions and these conflicts escalating and reaching the border of non-international armed conflicts, we are witnessing the reaction of other governments and international organizations to what is happening in the More

With the upsurge of conflicts between governments and oppositions and these conflicts escalating and reaching the border of non-international armed conflicts, we are witnessing the reaction of other governments and international organizations to what is happening in these situations. Reactions that sometimes have lead to dominance of one party over another and sometimes have only flared up the flames of conflicts. However, what is important in addition to (above all of) these kinds of stances and the results of such stances, is the competence of these international organizations for their performance, which until recently could be considered as interference in one of the most sensitive and important internal affairs of governments- who are the most important members of the international community. In this paper, by studying on the competence of international organizations and case studying of two important international organizations which are the Arab League and Organization of Islamic Cooperation, during recent years’ conflicts in Libya and Syria, we will try to resolve as much ambiguities as possible in this regard. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - The Role of Regional Organizations in Reducing Regional Challenges; The Case of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
hojat mahkooee hassan bavir

After World War II, particularly since 1960s, international cooperation gained prominence within the framework of regional organizations by elevating regional cooperation. Expansion of cooperation through regional organizations are deemed as an approach to exit from int More

After World War II, particularly since 1960s, international cooperation gained prominence within the framework of regional organizations by elevating regional cooperation. Expansion of cooperation through regional organizations are deemed as an approach to exit from international crisis, and to multiply power in facing new issues of today’s world. Regionalisation leads to development of economic cooperation, political and security harmonisation. It can reinforce regional peace and security by providing peaceful solutions for existing regional conflicts or potential ones. The Economic Cooperation Organisation (ECO) replaced the Regional Development Cooperation Organisation with aims of improving conditions for sustainable developments of members, expansion of regional and international trade, facilitating gradual integration with global economy, increased integration amongst public sector of member states and expanding tourism. This article highlights ECO’s role in reducing regional challenges and further integration between member states Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - The Status of OIC Member States in the Main Organs of the United Nations
ستار عزیزی

The study of the status of OIC member states in the main organs of the United Nations and their contribution in the budget of the UN is the main subject addressed by this article. The member states of OIC make up more than a quarter of UN members and they could potentia More

The study of the status of OIC member states in the main organs of the United Nations and their contribution in the budget of the UN is the main subject addressed by this article. The member states of OIC make up more than a quarter of UN members and they could potentially have an appropriate role and influence in this organization. The evaluation of the presence of Islamic countries during more than 70 years of United Nations activities show that their presence and role in some main organs such as the International Court of Justice, the UN Secretary General and the Security Council are not commensurate with the population and the size of these countries. On the other hand, however, 57 Islamic countries totally account for only about 6 percent of the budget of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation Organization 173 United Nations member states in 2016 provided 15 percent of the budget of this organization, this percentage is significant. The major weakness of Islamic countries is that they do not participate as a single whole in competition for positions or in other activities of the organization but they pursue their own particular interests within the OIC individual or group outside of the OIC to follow. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - The position of Shanghai cooperation organization in Chinese regional and transregional balancing strategies (2010-2020)
Mostafa Pakdel Majd Asghar Pirhadi

As an emerging power in the post-Soviet era, the People's Republic of China has experienced an unprecedented upward trend in international balance of power over the past decade, pursuing a strategic approach in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to expand More

As an emerging power in the post-Soviet era, the People's Republic of China has experienced an unprecedented upward trend in international balance of power over the past decade, pursuing a strategic approach in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to expand bilateral and multilateral relations with others. In this line, Regional and trans-regional organizations provided PRC with the Suitable foundation for achieving its security, military and economic goals and paved the way for the subsequent rearrangement of the international hierarchy of power. Given the circumstances, based on the theoretical assumptions of the balance of power theory, with a descriptive-analytical approach, the authors of the present essay have sought to answer this strategic question that "what are the main security goals that Beijing pursues in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization?" The hypothesis of this essay is that through the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, increasing cooperation with the Russian Federation and implementation of soft aspects of balancing strategy, China is both seeking to limit the presence of the United States in Central Asia, along with dominating this strategic region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Opposition Groups and the Competency of International Organizations; The Case Study of Arab League and Organization for Islamic Cooperation’s action vis-a-vis Opposition to Libyan and Syrian Governments
Amir Hossein ranjbarian شهزاد رییسی

With the upsurge of conflicts between governments and oppositions and these conflicts escalating and reaching the border of non-international armed conflicts, we are witnessing the reaction of other governments and international organizations to what is happening in the More

With the upsurge of conflicts between governments and oppositions and these conflicts escalating and reaching the border of non-international armed conflicts, we are witnessing the reaction of other governments and international organizations to what is happening in these situations. Reactions that sometimes have lead to dominance of one party over another and sometimes have only flared up the flames of conflicts. However, what is important in addition to (above all of) these kinds of stances and the results of such stances, is the competence of these international organizations for their performance, which until recently could be considered as interference in one of the most sensitive and important internal affairs of governments- who are the most important members of the international community. In this paper, by studying on the competence of international organizations and case studying of two important international organizations which are the Arab League and Organization of Islamic Cooperation, during recent years’ conflicts in Libya and Syria, we will try to resolve as much ambiguities as possible in this regard. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - The Role of Regional Organizations in Reducing Regional Challenges; The Case of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
hojat mahkooee hassan bavir

After World War II, particularly since 1960s, international cooperation gained prominence within the framework of regional organizations by elevating regional cooperation. Expansion of cooperation through regional organizations are deemed as an approach to exit from int More

After World War II, particularly since 1960s, international cooperation gained prominence within the framework of regional organizations by elevating regional cooperation. Expansion of cooperation through regional organizations are deemed as an approach to exit from international crisis, and to multiply power in facing new issues of today’s world. Regionalisation leads to development of economic cooperation, political and security harmonisation. It can reinforce regional peace and security by providing peaceful solutions for existing regional conflicts or potential ones. The Economic Cooperation Organisation (ECO) replaced the Regional Development Cooperation Organisation with aims of improving conditions for sustainable developments of members, expansion of regional and international trade, facilitating gradual integration with global economy, increased integration amongst public sector of member states and expanding tourism. This article highlights ECO’s role in reducing regional challenges and further integration between member states. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Assessing the factors affecting China's economic interaction with selected trade blocs, Comparative study; Persian Gulf Cooperation Council and Eurasia
mehrdad Alipour reza simbar

Given China's urgent need for sustainable energy to reduce energy vulnerabilities and maximize its growing power in international politics and relations, the rising country has sought to build energy cooperation in recent years. A special political-economic relationship More

Given China's urgent need for sustainable energy to reduce energy vulnerabilities and maximize its growing power in international politics and relations, the rising country has sought to build energy cooperation in recent years. A special political-economic relationship with the countries present in the GCC and the Eurasian Strategic Region will emerge. In this regard, the authors of the present study with a descriptive-analytical-comparative approach and based on library documents, have sought to answer the strategic question that the People's Republic of China in the light of deepening relations by analyzing and examining the growing presence of Beijing in these areas. What are its political and economic goals with the member states of the Persian Gulf Council and the actors in the Eurasian strategic sphere? The hypothesis raised by the above question is that Beijing, taking into account the economic weight of the countries present in the mentioned regions and given their special position in the belt-road initiative, has tried to pursue its new geopolitical strategies through effort. To ensure sustainable security of access to energy, maintain target markets based on the Belt-Road Initiative, as well as increase cooperation with regional partners, extend to the Persian Gulf and Eurasia. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - China Regime-building in the Persian Gulf; China-Persian Gulf Cooperation Council Free Trade Area
بهاره سازمند Ahmad Ramezani

Regime building is considered as one of China's tools to expand and deepen cooperation with the other parties, the use of which has been continuously increasing. The main question of the present study is why has China moved towards regime-building with Persian Gulf Coop More

Regime building is considered as one of China's tools to expand and deepen cooperation with the other parties, the use of which has been continuously increasing. The main question of the present study is why has China moved towards regime-building with Persian Gulf Cooperation Council? The present article argues in an explanatory Method that China has turned to regime-building with Persian Gulf Cooperation Council in order to gain and maximize its economic interests. The findings show that China began talks to establish a China-Persian Gulf Cooperation Council Free Trade Area to boost economic trade ($ 25 billion in 2004). This increased trade volume to more than $ 90 billion in 2008 and to more than $ 180 billion in 2019. China is currently expanding its free trade area to other areas, especially trade in services and investments. The theoretical framework and the method of data collection of the present article are the theory of international interest-based regimes and documentary, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - جایگاه سازمان همکاری شانگهای در راهبردهای موازنه‌جویانۀ منطقه‌ای و فرامنطقه‌ای چین (2020-2010)
Mostafa Pakdel Majd Asghar Pirhadi

As an emerging power in the post-Soviet era, the People's Republic of China has experienced an unprecedented upward trend in politics and international relations over the past decade, taking a strategic approach in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to ex More

As an emerging power in the post-Soviet era, the People's Republic of China has experienced an unprecedented upward trend in politics and international relations over the past decade, taking a strategic approach in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to expand bilateral and multilateral relations with others. In this line, Regional and trans-regional organizations and countries provided PRC with the Suitable foundation for achieving its security, military and economic goals and paved the way for the subsequent rearrangement of the international hierarchy of power. Given the circumstances, based on the theoretical assumptions of the theory of balance of power, with a descriptive-analytical approach, the authors of the present essay have sought to answer this strategic question that "what are the main security goals that Beijing pursues in the form of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization?" The hypothesis of this essay is that through the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, increasing cooperation with the Russian Federation and implementation of Soft aspects of balancing strategy, China is both seeking to limit the active presence of the United States in Central Asia and also dominate this strategic region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - The Impact of Iran's Permanent Membership in the Shanghai Organization on Its Geopolitical Weight in the Central Asia
Hamid Hakim Mahboubeh Iran nia

Capacities of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Considering the membership of two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council (Russia and China) in this organization, having more than a third of the world's population, considerable size, large capacitie More

Capacities of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Considering the membership of two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council (Russia and China) in this organization, having more than a third of the world's population, considerable size, large capacities and abundant capabilities, promises a potentially strong coalition. Due to the permanent membership of the Islamic Republic of Iran in this organization, it seems that examining the consequences of Iran's membership in this organization in the form of explaining the opportunities and challenges of membership, can Facilitate policy making in foreign policy of Iran about this issue. This study suggests that Iran's permanent membership in this organization can increase Iran's geopolitical weight in the region and bring political, economic and security benefits to Iran. Based on this, first, we study the theoretical explanation of formation and continuation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and then while analyzing the reasons for non-membership of the Islamic Republic of Iran to now; the consequences of permanent membership in the current situation in this organization are examined. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - A Reflection on the Two Dimensions of Human Rights and the Rights of Pilgrim Tourists in the Mina Tragedy with an Emphasis on the Role of Relevant Organizations
Sommaye Eshkevaryan

10.61186/ahrar.45963.4.8.1

The violation of human rights, both as a customary rule and as rights enshrined in human rights documents, was evident in the Mina tragedy. More than ever, the intervention of the United Nations as an organization that safeguards peace and human rights was needed, using More

The violation of human rights, both as a customary rule and as rights enshrined in human rights documents, was evident in the Mina tragedy. More than ever, the intervention of the United Nations as an organization that safeguards peace and human rights was needed, using the capacities of the Security Council and the Human Rights Council to assist the victims' families. Additionally, peaceful resolution of this tragedy required the intervention of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, which, according to its goals, should have entered into negotiations and provided a platform for cooperation between two governments. But since then, these pilgrims are known as religious tourism, and tourism has been a natural human right, Any government that recognizes this right and allows entry into its territory, In return, he will be obliged to respect the rights of tourists While these rights have been violated by the Saudi government as the host government And this will be a proof of the responsibility of the Saudi government and it was deserved that the World Tourism Organization paid attention to these violated rights. Finally, it should be said that the right of these victims is largely due to the role of the Iranian diplomatic delegation in the upcoming negotiations, To follow up on this tragedy by insisting on the formation of a fact-finding committee and other political methods and predicting measures to prevent such tragedies from happening. Manuscript profile

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