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Open Access Article

1 - Identification and Analysis on Systemic failures of Iranian National Innovation System
jafar bagherinejad ahmadreza kasraei hooman farshad

National innovation system(NIS) includes a series of organizations and institutions at the national level which aims to incorporate in developing and diffusion of science and technology and creates innovation climate. Governments in this system develop and implement More

National innovation system(NIS) includes a series of organizations and institutions at the national level which aims to incorporate in developing and diffusion of science and technology and creates innovation climate. Governments in this system develop and implement their innovation policy. In systemic approach besides problems of each elements of this system ,there is another failure which related to interactions of the system elements, that is called systemic failure. In this research , at first by reviewing the literature conceptual framework of national innovation system of Iran is presented. Then, in a field study by distribution of 350 questionnaires among Iranian innovation experts and specialists and using structural equation modeling technique , analyzing of interactions and their impacts on each other and effectiveness of national innovation system has been done. In this research, the elements of NIS of Iran consists of strategies of transfer and diffusion of technology, structural elements, innovation drivers and legislations frameworks. Findings of this research show that the most important systemic failure of NIS of Iran is lack of effectiveness of legislations frameworks’ impacts on innovation drivers. Identification and analysis of systemic failures can lead to appropriate policies for each elements and at last upgrade the performance of national innovation system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Developing a structural model of the relationship between economic conditions, level of education, parental knowledge and education with mediating parenting styles, emotional space, adolescent knowledge, and spending leisure time with behavioral, social problems and sexual knowledge in puberty period
leila akrami mokhtar malekpor Ahmad abedi

The purpose of the present study, is Developing a structural model of the relationship between economic conditions, level of education, parental knowledge and education with mediating parenting styles, emotional space, adolescent knowledge, and spending leisure time wit More

The purpose of the present study, is Developing a structural model of the relationship between economic conditions, level of education, parental knowledge and education with mediating parenting styles, emotional space, adolescent knowledge, and spending leisure time with behavioral, social problems and sexual knowledge in puberty period. The research method is correlation of type structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of all girls and boy’s adolescent in Yazd. Using multi-stage cluster random sampling, 200 girls and boys ages 12-16 years old and their mothers were selected. The tools used for data collection were Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ), Burn Family Emotional Condition Questionnaire (BFECQ), Adolescent Leisure Time Questionnaire, Adolescence Change Awareness Questionnaire, Economic and Educational Status Questionnaire. Child Behavior Assessment System (BASC-3), Third Edition), Parent Form (PRS-A), Social Skills Improvement System(SSIS) and Sexual Knowledge Questionnaire. Path analysis technique was used to test the research model. The results showed that the research model had an optimal fit with significant level of 0.01 among the adolescents. Based on the results, it can be said that parenting styles, and their awareness and adolescence about the characteristics of adolescence and the changes made during this period, emotional space, and how leisure time can play an important role in behavioral, social problems and sexual knowledge of teens. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - model of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder
masumeh shafiei فاطمه رضایی Massoud Sadeghi

The aim of this study was to develop a model of of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder. .The present study is a correlation of structural equation modeling, The statistical population included 415 in More

The aim of this study was to develop a model of of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder. .The present study is a correlation of structural equation modeling, The statistical population included 415 individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder The statistical population of the study included 415 individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. And questionnaires Neuroticism, interpersonal problems, Contrast Avoidance of Worry and generalized anxiety were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation and structural equation And wereanalyzed using AMOS and SPSS software. the results showed that The proposed model fits well. In this model, neuroticism, interpersonal problems, and Contrast Avoidance of Worry had a direct and significant effect on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. But Childhood Trauma and Emotional Contrast Avoidance did not have a direct and significant effect on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Interpersonal problems and Contrast Avoidance of Worry also significantly mediated between neuroticism and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and Interpersonal problems and Contrast Avoidance of Worry significantly mediated between childhood trauma and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. According to the research findings, the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder are affected by childhood trauma, neuroticism, interpersonal problems, and Contrast Avoidance of Worry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Examining the structural relationships of behavioral activation system and behavioral inhibition system with externalizing and internalizing problems: the mediating role of hot and cool executive functions
Morteza Poursadegh maryam moghadasin Jafar Hasani

The aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between internalizing/externalizing problems and behavioral activation/inhibition systems with regard to the mediating role of hot and cool executive functions. The method of the present study is structural eq More

The aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between internalizing/externalizing problems and behavioral activation/inhibition systems with regard to the mediating role of hot and cool executive functions. The method of the present study is structural equation modeling (SEM). Statistical population of this research was all of the students in universities of Tehran city, from which 160 subjects (18 to 25 years) were chosen using convenience sampling method. Assessment was conducted by 5 cognitive tests including Corsi blocks test, Flanker test, WCST, Iowa gambling task and Emotional stroop, and 3 questionnaires including Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSSRQ), Behavior Assessment System for Children College self-report form (BASC-3 COL), and Kirby delay discounting questionnaire. The results indicated a direct and statistically significant path from behavioral activation/inhibition systems to hot and cool executive functions (b = 0/71, p value < 0/05) internalizing problems (b = 0/033, p value < 0/05) and externalizing problems (b = -0/21, p value < 0/05). In addition, results showed an indirect and statistically significant path from behavioral activation/inhibition systems to internalizing problems (b = 0/84, p value < 0/05) and externalizing problems (b = 0/46, p value < 0/05). Statistically significant relationship between behavioral activation/inhibition systems with internalizing and externalizing problems, suggests that dysregulation of these two systems can lead to an array of psychiatric symptoms. Moreover, the significance of the mediating role of hot and cool executive functions in relationship between behavioral activation/inhibition systems and internalizing/externalizing problems, indicates that executive functions might have a regulatory influence on the behavioral activation/inhibition systems and through this regulatory influence, executive functions may buffer the adverse effects of behavioral activation/inhibition dysregulation on psychological problems. According to the possibility of enhancing executive functioning abilities through cognitive interventions, and diagnostic applications of the different behavioral activation/inhibition and executive functioning activity profiles, results of this study have both diagnostic and clinical importance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Mediating Role of Parenting Styles with the Puberty Period
leila akrami mokhtar malekpor Ahmad Abedi

The purpose of the present study, is the mediating role of parenting styles, emotional space, adolescent knowledge, spending leisure time in relation to economic conditions, level of education, parental knowledge and education with the behavioral, social and sexual know More

The purpose of the present study, is the mediating role of parenting styles, emotional space, adolescent knowledge, spending leisure time in relation to economic conditions, level of education, parental knowledge and education with the behavioral, social and sexual knowledge in puberty period. The statistical population consisted of all girls and boy’s adolescent in Yazd. Using multi-stage cluster random sampling, 200 girls and boys ages 12-16 years old and their mothers were selected. The tools used for data collection were Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire, Burn Family Emotional Condition Questionnaire, Adolescent Leisure Time Questionnaire, Adolescence Change Awareness Questionnaire, Economic and Educational Status Questionnaire. Child Behavior Assessment System (Parent Form), Social Skills Improvement System and Sexual Knowledge Questionnaire. Path analysis technique was used to test the research model. The results showed that the research variables had a significant correlation with each other (p≤ 0.01) and the research model had a suitable and appropriate fit among adolescents at a significance level of 0.01. The direct and indirect effect of the variables of economic conditions, level of education, parental knowledge and receiving education on behavioral, social and sexual knowledge problems of adolescents was significant (t≥ 1.96, p≤ 0.05). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Model of Contrast Avoidance of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in People with Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Masumeh Shafiei فاطمه رضایی Masoud Sadeghi

The aim of this study was to develop a model of of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder. .The present study is a correlation of structural equation modeling, The statistical population included 457 in More

The aim of this study was to develop a model of of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder. .The present study is a correlation of structural equation modeling, The statistical population included 457 individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. And questionnaires Neuroticism, interpersonal problems, Contrast Avoidance of Worry and generalized anxiety were used. Data were analyzed using structural equation And were analyzed using AMOS and SPSS software. the results showed that The proposed model fits well. In this model, neuroticism, interpersonal problems, and Contrast Avoidance of Worry had a direct and significant effect on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. But Childhood Trauma and Emotional Contrast Avoidance did not have a direct and significant effect on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Interpersonal problems and Contrast Avoidance of Worry also significantly mediated between neuroticism and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and Interpersonal problems and Contrast Avoidance of Worry significantly mediated between childhood trauma and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. According to the research findings, the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder are affected by childhood trauma, neuroticism, interpersonal problems, and Contrast Avoidance of Worry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Providing a structural model of psychological well-being of mothers of students with intellectual disabilities based on their child's characteristics mediated by mindfulness
Tayebe Taziki Khoda Morad Momeni dr.jahangir karami Gholamali Afrooz

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between child characteristics (behavioral problems and social skills) with the psychological well-being of mothers of students with intellectual disabilities with the mediating role of maternal mindfulness. The s More

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between child characteristics (behavioral problems and social skills) with the psychological well-being of mothers of students with intellectual disabilities with the mediating role of maternal mindfulness. The study was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population included students with intellectual disabilities in primary schools with intellectual disability in Golestan province, in the academic year 2019-2020, and their mothers. 298 students (out of 878 students) were selected by cluster sampling. The instruments used in the study were: The Children,s The Rutter Children,s behavior questionnaire (1967), Matson’s social skills scale (1983), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (2006), and Ryff Psychological Wellbeing Scale (1980). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling, using SPSS23 and AMOS23 statistical software. The results showed a significant positive correlation between social skills and mindfulness with psychological well-being. There was also a significant negative correlation between behavioral problems and psychological well-being. In addition, the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between child characteristics (behavioral problems and social skills) with psychological well-being was confirmed (P <0.01). From the research findings, it is inferred that by reducing the behavioral problems and increasing the social skills of students in schools, it is possible to improve the psychological well-being of their mothers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Effectiveness of Coping Therapy in Reducing Behavioral-Emotional Problems of Children and Maternal Stress of Their Mothers
maryam roshan

Parenting stress affects children as a source of pressure. Involvement of parents in coping therapy designed to help their children, can reduce these negative outcomes. The aim of the present study was to examine the efficacy of coping therapy in reducing parenting stre More

Parenting stress affects children as a source of pressure. Involvement of parents in coping therapy designed to help their children, can reduce these negative outcomes. The aim of the present study was to examine the efficacy of coping therapy in reducing parenting stress and behavioral-emotional problems in children. To do so, The Parenting Stress Index (PSI) was administered on a sample of 200 mothers. Then 51 of those who scored highest in PSI were chosen and randomly assigned to the two experimenttal (N=26) and control (N=25) groups. Both groups completed the Strenghts and Difficulties Questionnaire. Quantative data were analyzed using pretest-posttest, correlation coefficient, and multiple covariance analyses. Results indicated that after intervention, mothers in the experimental group showed lower level of stress, as compared to mothers in control group. Children of mothers in experimental group showed less behavioral problems than children of mothers in the control group. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Effectiveness of Teaching Coping Skills According to CBT Based on Positive Psychology on Hope of High School Students with Adjustment Problems
malek Mirhashemi

The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of teaching coping skills according to CBT based on positive psychology on hope of the students with adjustment problems. This experimental study was conducted in Sari City (Iran) in 2014-2015 among fema More

The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of teaching coping skills according to CBT based on positive psychology on hope of the students with adjustment problems. This experimental study was conducted in Sari City (Iran) in 2014-2015 among female students who were at the age of 14-15 and had adjustment problems. Introduced by teachers, through giving tests and screening, 40 students were selected by simple random sampling and were placed in the experimental and control groups by random arrangement. In the pre-test, all participants completed Snyder Hope Questionnaire (SHQ). The students in the experimental group received coping skills training according to CBT based on positive psychology (Freedenberg, 2010b) for 14 sessions (two sessions per week, 1.5 hour each), while the control group remained on the waiting list. Then, both groups were assessed once more. Analysis of covari-ance demonstrated that after controlling for the effect of pre-test, there was a significant difference in hope between experimental and con-trol groups at post-test. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Effects of Social Skills Group Intervention Based on DeRosier Program on Decreasing Externalizing Behavior Problems in Autistic Children with High Functioning
Ahmad Afsaneh Rahimi Ahmad Abedi salar faramarzi

Due to the increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorder, professionals need to access and study programs which are de-signed to improve fundamental problems of these children. The present study has inves-tigated the effectiveness of a social skills group interventio More

Due to the increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorder, professionals need to access and study programs which are de-signed to improve fundamental problems of these children. The present study has inves-tigated the effectiveness of a social skills group intervention based on DeRosier Program for decreasing externalizing behavior problems in children with high functioning autism. The study was done as a single-subject design using the A-B-A method. The statistical population consisted of children with high-func-tioning autism in Isfahan. Three students were selected using a purposeful sampling. The base-lines were drawn up using a subscale of Externalizing Behavior Problems (Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scales) (SSIS). There were 20 training sessions, each for 40 minutes which were held by the researcher. The evaluations were completed during the treatment and followed up by one the child specialist teacher one month later. Based on the results of the visual analysis of the data, this program has been effective in reducing behavioral problems (PND for participants respectively, 100%, 85.71%, and 100%). The results from PEM, NAP, TauU (at least 0.85%) indicate the effectiveness of this program. Therefore, the improvement of social skills in a group-based intervention has led to the growth of positive communicative experiences and reduced be-havioral problems for this group of children. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Prediction of Alexithymia and Interpersonal Problems on the Basis of Attachment Styles
Pegah Farokhzad Mehrdad Sabet

The aim of this study was to predict Alexithymia and interpersonal problems on the basis of attachment styles in high school students. The population comprised of the 200 senior high school female students from district 2 of Tehran who were enrolled in 2014-2015 academi More

The aim of this study was to predict Alexithymia and interpersonal problems on the basis of attachment styles in high school students. The population comprised of the 200 senior high school female students from district 2 of Tehran who were enrolled in 2014-2015 academic year selected by multistage cluster sampling. For data collection Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) by Collins and Reid, Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IPT) were used. Analisis of results based on Pearson correlation and stepwise linear regression showed that significant relationships exist among attachment styles, alexithymia, and inter-personal problems (P<0/01). Furthermore, the attachment components were capable of predicting alexithymia (about 22%) and inter-personal problems (about 27%). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - The psychological problems in mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the COVID-19 outbreak: the role of perceived social support, social problem-solving, and resilience
Saeed Ariapooran Maryam Neisari

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of psychological problems of mothers of ADHD children in the COVID-19 outbreak: the role of social support, social problem-solving and resilience. 136 mothers participated in the study by convenience sampling More

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of psychological problems of mothers of ADHD children in the COVID-19 outbreak: the role of social support, social problem-solving and resilience. 136 mothers participated in the study by convenience sampling method and completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, Revised Social Problem-Solving Inventory (Short Form) and resilience scale (Short Form) were used to collect the data. Descriptive results showed that 41.91% of mothers had moderate to very severe depression, 58.82% had moderate to very severe anxiety, and 49.27% had moderate to very severe stress. There is a significant negative relationship between social support, positive social problem-solving styles (positive orientation and logical style) and resilience with psychological problems and a negative relationship between negative social problem-solving styles with psychological problems. The stepwise regression results confirmed the significant role of negative social problem-solving styles, positive social problem-solving styles, resilience and social support in predicting the psychological problems of mothers of ADHD children in the Covid-19 outbreak, respectively. Based on the results, strengthening the social support and paying attention to psychological strategies based on positive social problem solving and resilience to reduce the psychological problems of mothers with ADHD children is recommended. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Investigating the relationship between social support and social stigma among high school teachers in Yasouj city
Habib Ara Saeed Saeedi Jo

It seems that the more social support and strength a person has in social stigmas, dealing with life's problems and stresses, the less he is exposed to mental and emotional disturbances and benefits from higher mental health and well-being. The relationship between soci More

It seems that the more social support and strength a person has in social stigmas, dealing with life's problems and stresses, the less he is exposed to mental and emotional disturbances and benefits from higher mental health and well-being. The relationship between social support and social stigma among high school teachers in Yasouj city was investigated. The research method of this research was descriptive of the correlation type and the statistical population included all high school teachers in Yasouj city. From the mentioned society, 100 people were selected from the society by the accessible method and the society was selected by cluster random sampling. To collect the research data, questionnaires of social support questionnaire, standard questionnaire of internal stigma of mental patients were used and the results were analyzed using statistical methods of correlation coefficient, linear regression and structural equations. The research findings showed that there is a significant positive relationship between social support and social stigma among high school teachers in Yasouj city. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Social Problems Threatening Social Health and having Priority in Iran
hassan Rafiee Ameneh Setareh Frouzan sina ahmadi

Priority setting helps maintain a clear focus, and according to the limitation of resources, it is necessary for reducing and controlling the burden of social problems better resource allocation. The present study aimed to identify and prioritize Iran's most critical so More

Priority setting helps maintain a clear focus, and according to the limitation of resources, it is necessary for reducing and controlling the burden of social problems better resource allocation. The present study aimed to identify and prioritize Iran's most critical social problems. This study was conducted in two steps. In the first step, a framework for classifying social problems was developed by reviewing the literature. Based on this framework, a list of social problems was prepared and categorized. In the second step, by studying the articles and books published in the field of social health, 20 experts in this field were selected and provided with the framework. Utilizing the Delphi method, the experts were asked to rank the mentioned list based on the three criteria including; prevalence, severity, and importance. Expert opinions were taken in three rounds. The country's social problems were categorized into three categories in order of priority. Although problems in society are numerous, the ten problems that have been assigned the highest priority in the present study are unemployment, corruption, income inequality, expensive housing, mistrust, poverty, reduction of productive investment, addiction, crime, and desperation. Planning for interventions and conducting social health research in the coming years should consider the aforementioned high-priority social problems that impose the most significant burden on society. The diverse social problems prioritized do not have exactly the same causes, consequences, and ways of control; therefore, identifying specific solutions to control them should be the next step in the process of social health planning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - The Effectiveness of Behavioral Parent Training on Reducing Externalizing Problems in 7 to 9 Years Old Children
Saeed Ghanbari

The effectiveness of behavioral parent training on externalized problems (aggressive behavior and rule breaking) in 7 to 9 years old children was investigated in this study. Sixty parents whose children(aged 7 ta 9) had received the highest scores on the Child Behaviora More

The effectiveness of behavioral parent training on externalized problems (aggressive behavior and rule breaking) in 7 to 9 years old children was investigated in this study. Sixty parents whose children(aged 7 ta 9) had received the highest scores on the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) and their problems were also confirmed by the Teacher Report Form (TRF) were selected.from a pool of 360 parents in two randomly selected schools in Tehran. Subjects were divided into control and experimental groups .the Experimental group received BPT for 4 weeks, twice a week sessions lasting tow hours. Results were analyzed using covariance and indicated that parents in the experimental group reported a significant decrease in externalized problems and aggressive behaviors as compared to the control group. In regard to rule breaking behavior, no significant difference was observed between the groups. The emerged findings can have clinical applications in prevention and treatment of child behavioral disorders. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - identify the psychological problems of adoptive families and offer solutions to adapt to them
NAFISEH HESHMATI MOLAIE Roya Koochakentezar Fatemeh Golshani

<p>Considering the prevalence of infertility and the increase in child adoption in Iran, and given the needs of children and adolescents for having appropriate families, this research intended to identify the psychological problems faced by Iranian families adopting chi More

<p>Considering the prevalence of infertility and the increase in child adoption in Iran, and given the needs of children and adolescents for having appropriate families, this research intended to identify the psychological problems faced by Iranian families adopting children and offer solutions for them to adapt themselves to these problems as a step in enhancing the well-being of the adopted children and of the families adopting them. The descriptive method and the systematic grounded theory introduced by Strauss and Corbin were used in this study. In the first step, interviews were held in 2022 with 13 adoptive families to identify their problems. In the second step, interviews were held with experts.They offered their proposed solutions for the adaptation. The research was done by observing ethical principles and validation, using MAXQDA2020. Four concepts were extracted in the problem identification step: the legal-psychological problems, and the problems related to the growth of the child in an environment of social harms, to attitude and worldview, and to resilience of the adoptive couple. From the second step, solutions were extracted: explanation of the what and how and why related to adoption in Iran, implementation solutions for solving the problems, intervention solutions for enhancing family resilience, and solutions for changing attitudes. It was found that the problems related to attitude and worldview constituted the causal conditions of other problems. In conclusion, the final model was presented. Enriching knowledge, improving attitudes, increasing parents' resilience, removing implementation obstacles, should be prioritized.</p> Manuscript profile

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