Prediction of Alexithymia and Interpersonal Problems on the Basis of Attachment Styles
Subject Areas :1 , Pegah Farokhzad 2 , Mehrdad Sabet 3
1 -
2 -
3 -
Keywords: borderline personality disorder childhood maltreatment alexithymia ,
Abstract :
The aim of this study was to predict Alexithymia and interpersonal problems on the basis of attachment styles in high school students. The population comprised of the 200 senior high school female students from district 2 of Tehran who were enrolled in 2014-2015 academic year selected by multistage cluster sampling. For data collection Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) by Collins and Reid, Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IPT) were used. Analisis of results based on Pearson correlation and stepwise linear regression showed that significant relationships exist among attachment styles, alexithymia, and inter-personal problems (P<0/01). Furthermore, the attachment components were capable of predicting alexithymia (about 22%) and inter-personal problems (about 27%).
"اتکینسون، لسلی؛ و گلدبرگ، سوزان (1395). رویکرد دلبستگی در درمان اختلالهای روانی. (ترجمه زینب خانجانی، فاطمه هداوندخانی، و محمدرسول مفسری). تهران: ارجمند. (تاریخ انتشار به زبان اصلی، 2004).
بشارت، محمدعلی (1384). هنجاریابی مقیاس دلبستگی بزرگسال. گزارش پژوهشی، دانشگاه تهران.
بشارت، محمدعلی (1392). مقياس ناگويي هيجاني تورنتو: پرسشنامه، روش اجرا، و نمرهگذاري (نسخه فارسي). روانشناسی تحولی، 37، 92-90.
بشارت، محمدعلی و گنجی، پویش (1391). نقش تعدیلکنندة سبکهای دلبستگی در رابطة بین ناگویی هیجانی و رضایت زناشویی. اصول بهداشت روانی، 56، 335-324.
بشارت، محمدعلی؛ گرانمایهپور، شیوا؛ پورنقدعلی، علی؛ افقی، زهرا؛ حبیبنژاد، محمد؛ آقاییثابت، سیده سارا (1393). رابطه ناگویی هیجانی و مشکلات بین¬شخصی: نقش تعدیل¬کننده سبک¬های دلبستگی. روان¬شناسی معاصر، (1)9، 16-3. بگیان کولهمرز، محمدجواد، پژوهینیا، شیما، و رضازاده، بابک (1392). اثربخشي آموزش گـروهي همدلي بر بهبود روابط بينشخصي و خودتنظيمي عاطفي دانشآموزان داراي نشانه¬اي ADHD. روانشناسی مدرسه، (1)، 163-155
پیوسته¬گر، مهرانگیز؛ بشارت، محمدعلی؛ پژوهی¬نیا، شیما؛ و سیفی، محمدیاسین (1391). تبيين آسيبپذيریهای روانی براساس سبکهای دلبستگی در دانشجويان دانشگاه¬های مختلط دولتی تهران. دانش و پژوهش در روان¬شناسی کاربردی، (1)13، 37-28.
خانجانی، زینب (1394). تحول و آسیب¬شناسی دلبستگی از کودکی تا نوجوانی (ویراست دوم). تبریز: فروزش.
دلاور، علی (1394). روش تحقیق در روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی. تهران: ویرایش.
رجب¬پور، زهرا؛ ناصری، ارمیا؛ قاسمی، مینا (1393). ناگویی خلقی. رسانه آموزشی مرضیه نظری.
رحیمی، عنبران (1390). مقایسه بینفرهنگی سبکهای دلبستگی و موضوعات بالینی بین دانشـجویان دانشگاه فـردوسی مشهد و دانشـجویان دانشگاه مارشـال آمـریکا. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.
رحیمیان بوگر، اسحق (1385). رابطه سرسختی روانشناختی، خودتابآوری، و سبک دلبستگی با سلامت روان در جوانان و بزرگسالان مناطق زلزله زده شهرستان بم. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران.
رحيميان بوگر، اسحق؛ نوری، ابوالقاسم؛ عريضی، حميدرضا؛ مولوی، حسين؛ فروغی مبارکه، عبدالرضا (1383). رابطه سبکهای دلبستگی بزرگسالی با رضايت و استرس شغلی در پرستاران. مجله روان¬¬پزشکی و روان¬شناسی بالینی ایران، (2) 13، 157-148.
سیگل، دانیل جی. و هارتسل، مری (1390). رویکردی نوین در فرزندپروری: از درون به برون. (ترجمه مهرناز شهرآرای). تهران: آسیم. (تاریخ انتشار به زبان اصلی، 2003).
فتح، نجمه؛ آزاد فلاح، پرويز؛ رسول زاده طباطبايی، سيد کاظم؛ و رحيمی، چنگيز (1392). روايی و اعتبار پرسشنامه مشکلات بين فردی (IIP-32). مجله روان¬شناسی بالینی، 19، 80-69.
مدنی، شبنم (1389). تأثير آموزش تكنيك تفكر مثبت بر ارزشهاي ميان فردي و مشكلات بينشخصي. پاياننامه كارشناسي ارشد، دانشگاه پیام نور تهران.
مککی، متیو؛ فنینگ، پاتریک؛ لیوف، آویگیل؛ و اسکین، میشل (1394). رهایی از مشکلات بینفردی (ترجمه دکتر حسن حمیدپور و آنی میناس میرزابیگ). تهران: ارجمند. (تاریخ انتشار به زبان اصلی، 2013).
مهرابی¬زاده هنرمند، مهناز؛ افشاری، افروز؛ و داودی، ایران (1389). بررسي صفات شخصيتي، سبكهاي دلبستگي، رويدادهاي تنيدگيزا و جنسيت به عنوان پيشبينهاي ناگويي خلقي. مجلة روانشناسي ، 55، 334-319.
میرز لاورنس، اس.، گامست، گلن سی، گارینو، آنتونی جی. (1391). پژوهش چند متغیری کاربردی (طرح و تفسیر). (ترجمه: حمیدرضا حسن آبادی، حسنپاشا شریفی، ولی-ا... فرزاد، سیمیندخت رضاخانی، بلال ایزانلو، و مجتبی حبیبی). تهران: رشد. (تاریخ انتشار به زبان اصلی، 2006).
نریمانی، محمد؛ یوسفی، فاطمه؛ و کاظمی، رضا (1393). نقش سبکهاي دلبستگي و کيفيت زندگي در پيشبيني بهـزيستي روانشـناختي نوجـوانان مبتلا به ناتوانيهـاي يادگـيري. ناتوانیهای یادگیری، (3)، 4، 142-124.
هومن، حیدرعلی (1393). شناخت روش علمی در علوم رفتاری. تهران: سمت
.Alfonso, D. D. (2012). Relationship between big five personality
factors and paternal parenting styles. Counseling and educational psychology department De La Salle university-Manila. Ames, M., Pratt, M., Pancer, S., Wintre, M., Oikuvy, J., Birnie-Lefcovitch, S., & Adams, G. (2011). The moderating effects of attachment style on students' experience of a transition to university group facilitation program. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 43(1), 1-12.
Aust, S., Härtwig, E. A., Heuser, I., & Bajbouj, M. (2013). The role of early emotional neglect in alexithymia. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 5(3), 225-232.
Ayesha, Y., & Rakia, A. (2019). Attachment styles and interpersonal problems in patients with conversion disorder. European Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 7(1), 27-35.
Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D. A., & Taylor, G. J. (1994). The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale-I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38, 23-32.
Balottin, L., Nacinovich, R., Bomba, M., & Mannarini, S. (2014). Alexithymia in parents and adolescent anorexic daughters: comparing the responses to TSIA and TAS-20 scales. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 10, 1941-1951.
Barkham, M., Hardy, G. E., & Startup, M. (1996). The IIP‐32: A short version of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35(1), 21-35.
Berry, K., Wearden, A., Barrowclough, C., & Liversidge, T (2006). Attachment styles, interpersonal relationships and psychotic phenomena in a non-clinical student sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(4), 707-718.
Besharat, M.A., Rizi, S., & Mehdi, M. (2014). The relationship between attachment styles and alexithymia: Mediating role of self-regulation. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 3(4), 89-98
Beshrat, M. A., & Khajavi, Z. (2013). The relationship between attachment styles and alexithymia: Mediating role of defense mechanisms. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 6(6), 571-576.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss. Vol 1. London: The Hogarth Press and Institute of Psycho Analysis.
Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: clinical applications of attachment theory. New York: Basic Books.
Burchinal, M., Magnuson, K., Powell, D., & Hong, S. S. (2015). Early child care and education. Volume 4 (Bornstein, M. H., Leventhal, T. Ed.). Ecological settings and processes in developmental systems. Handbook of child psychology and developmental science. (7th Ed.), Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. pp. 223-267. Editor-in-chief: R. M. Lerner.
Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. R. (Eds) (1999). Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications. New York: Guilford Press.
Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. R. (Eds) (2016). Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications. New York: Guilford Press.
Ciarrochi, J., & Bilich, L. (2006). Process measures of potential relevance to ACT. Unpublished manuscript, University of Wollongong, Australia.
Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(4), 644-663.
Crowell, J.A. & Treboux, D. (1995) A review of adult attachment measures: Implications for theory and research. Social Development, 4, 294-327.
Fairbairn, C. E., Briley, D. A., Kang, D., Fraley, R. C., Hankin, B. L., & Ariss, T. (2018). A meta-analysis of longitudinal associations between substance use and interpersonal attachment secu-rity. Psychological Bulletin, 144(5), 532-555.
Ghorbani, N., Bing, M. N., Watson, P. J., Davison, H. K., & Mack, D. A. (2002). Self-reported emotional intelligence: Construct similarity and functional dissimilarity of higher-order processing in Iran and United-States. International Journal of psychology, 37, 297-308.
Gou, L. H., Woodin, E. M. (2017). Relationship dissatisfaction as a mediator for the link between attachment insecurity and psychological aggression over the transition to parenthood. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 6(1), 1-17.
Halseth, R., & Greenwood, M. (2019). Indigenous early childhood development in Canada: Current state of knowledge and future directions. National Collaboration Center for Aboriginal Health: Canada.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Conceptualizing romantic love as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511- 524.
Heaven, P., & Ciarrochi, J. (2008). Parental styles, gender and the development of hope and self-esteem. European Journal of Personality, 22(8), 707-724.
Heller, T. L., & Backer B. L. (2006). Maternal Negativity and Children's Externalizing behavior. Early Education and Development, 11, 483-498.
Horowitz, L. M. (2004). Interpersonal foundations of psychopathology. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.
Horowitz, L. M., & de Sales French, R. (1979). Interpersonal problems of people who describe themselves as lonely. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47(4), 762-764.
Horowitz, L. M., Alden, L. E., Wiggins, J. S., & Pincus, A. L. (2000). Inventory of interpersonal problems. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
Horowitz, L. M., Rosenberg, S. E., & Barthholomew, K. (2013). Inter-personal problems, attachment styles, and outcome in brief dynamic psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 549-560.
Hrvoj-Mihic, B., Bienvenu, T., Stefanacci, L., Muotri, A. R., & Semendeferi, K. (2013). Evolution, development, and plasticity of the human brain: from molecules to bones. Frontiers in Human Neurosciences, 7(707), 1-18.
https://www.unicef.org/earlychildhood/index_83036.html
Jason, J. D., Fraley, R. C., Ehrlich, K.B., Stern, J. A., Lejuez. C. W., Shaver, P.R., Cassidy, J. (2018). Stability of Attachment Style in Adolescence: An Empirical Test of Alternative Developmental Processes. Child Development, 89(3), 871-880.
Jeffry, A. (1990). Influence of attachment styles on romantic relationships Simpson. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(5), 971-980.
Karukivi, M., Joukamaa, M., Hautala, L., Kaleva, O., Haapasalo-Pesu, K. M., Liuksila, P. R., & Saarijärvi, S. (2011). Does perceived social support and parental attitude relate to alexithymia? A study in Finnish late adolescents. Psychiatry Research, 187, 254-260.
Kevin, D. J., & Timothy, W. S. (2017). The interpersonal domain of alexithymia. Personality and Individual Differences, 110, 65-69.
Koelen, J. A., Eurelings-Bontekoe, L. H., & Kempke, S. (2016). Cognitive Alexithymia Mediates the Association Between Avoidant Attachment and Interpersonal Problems in Patients With Somatoform Disorder. The Journal of psychology, 150(6), 725-742.
Kwok, C., Crone, C., Ardern, Y., & Norberg, M. M., (2018). Seeing human when feeling insecure and wanting closeness: A systematic review. Personality and Individual Differences, 127, 1-9.
Lang, A. (2010). Attachment and emotion regulation-Clinical implications of a non-clinical sample study. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 674-678.
Lawson, D. M., & Brossart, D. F. (2013). Interpersonal problems and personality features as mediators between attachment and intimate partner violence. Violence and Victims, 28(3), 414-428.
Lawson, D. M., & Marks, D. (2019). Interpersonal Problems and Family Relations as Mediators Between Attachment and Female-Perpetrated Intimate Partner Violence. Partner Abuse, 10(1), DOI: 10.1891/1946-6560.10.1.38
Lewis, J. B., Sullivan,T. P., Angley, M., Callands, T., Divney, A. A., Magriples, U., Gordon, D. M., & Kershaw, T. S. (2017). Psychological and relational correlates of intimate partner violence profiles among pregnant adolescent couples. Aggressive Behavior, 43(1), 26-36.
Luminet, O., Bagby, R. M., & Taylor, G. J. (2018). Alexithymia: Advances in Research, Theory, and Clinical Practice. England: Cambridge University Press.
Mesman, J., Oster, H., & Camras, L. A. (2012). Parental sensitivity to infant distress: what do discrete negative emotions have to do with it?, Attachment & Human Development, 14(4), 337-348.
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2019). Attachment orientations and emotion regulation. Current Opinion in Psychology, 25, 6-10.
Mills-Koonce, W. R., Willoughby, M. T., Zvara, B., Barnett, M., Gustafsson, H., & Cox, M. J. (2016). Mothers’ and fathers’ sensitivity and children's cognitive development in low-income, rural families. Journal Application Development Psychology, 38, 1-10.
Mills-Koonce, W. R., Wagner, N. J., Willoughby, M.T., Stifter, C., Blair, C., and Granger, D. A. (2015). Greater fear reactivity and psychophysiological hyperactivity among infants with later conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56(2),147-54
Miner, M. H., Robinson, B. E., Knight, R. A., Berg, D., Romine, R. S., & Netland, J. (2009). Understanding sexual perpetration against children: Effects of attachment style, interpersonal involvement, and hyper-sexuality. Sexual Abuse, 22(1), 58-77.
Mohammad, S. (2001). Studying personality features persons with ulcerative colitis and comparison with normal persons. Dissertations, Tehran Psychiatry Institute.
Mousavi, M., Alavinezhad, R. (2016). Relationship of alexithymia to adult attachment styles and self-Esteem among college students. Journal of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Disorders, 1(1), 6-14.
Olawale, O. (2017). The impact of secure attachment on interpersonal relationship: A review. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4, (4), 181-188.
Oskis, A., Clow, A., Hucklebridge, F., Bifulco, A., Jacobs, C., & Loveday, C. (2013). Understanding alexithymia in female adolescents: The role of attachment style. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(1), 97-102.
Paniccia, M. F., Gaudio, S., Puddu, A., Di Trani, M., Dakanalis, A., Gentile, S., & Di Ciommo, V. (2017). Alexithymia in parents and adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychologist, 10, 121-134.
Pellerone, M., Formica, I., Hernandez Lopez, M., Migliorisi, S., & Granà, R. (2017). Relationship between parenting, alexithymia and adult attachment styles: a cross-national study in Sicilian and Andalusian young adults. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 5(2), 1-24.
Schimmenti, A., Guglielmucci, F., Barbasio, C., & Granieri, A. (2012). Attachment disorganization and dissociation in virtual worlds: A study on problematic Internet use among players of online role playing games. Clinical Neuropsychiatry: Journal of Treatment Evaluation, 9(5), 195-202.
Schultheis, A. M., Mayes, L. C., and Rutherford, H. J. V. (2019). Associations between emotion regulation and parental reflective functioning. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(4), 1094–1104.
Simpson, J. A., & Rholes, W. S. (2017). Adult attachment, stress, and romantic relationships. Current Opinion in Psychology,13, 19-24.
Sroufe, L. A., Carlson, E. A., Levy, A. K., & Egeland, B. (1999). Im-plications of attachment theory for developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 11, 1-13.
Stepp, S. D., Morse, J. Q., Yaggi, K. E., Reynolds, S. K., Reed, L. I., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2008). The role of attachment styles and interpersonal problems in suicide-related behaviors. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 38(5), 592-607.
Symanzik, S., Lohaus, A., Job, A. K., Chodura, S., & Reindl, V. (2019). Stability and change of attachment disorder symptoms and inter-personal problems in foster children. Mental Health & Prevention, 13, 35-42.
Taylor, G. J., Ryan, D., & Bagby, R. M. (1986). Toward the development of a new self-report alexithymia scale. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 44, 191-199.
Thomas, J., Schofield, R. D., Conger, Donnellan, M. B., Jochem,R., Keith F. Widaman, K. F., & Conger, J. (2012). Parent personality and positive parenting as predictors of positive adolescent personality development over time. Wayne State University Press, 58, (2), 255-283.
Thorberg, F. A., Young, R. M., Sullivan, K. A., Lyvers, M. (2011). Parental bonding and alexithymia: a meta-analysis. European "