صفات

Open Access Article

1 - Ecosophy and Ibn Arabi Application Divine Names and Attributes Marriage’s

Ecosophy is an interdisciplinary science that is formed of the combination of two natural and epistemological areas. A discussion of the noms (divines) and attributes of God marriage is a mystical discussion, but in this article we intend to use in the environmental fie More

Ecosophy is an interdisciplinary science that is formed of the combination of two natural and epistemological areas. A discussion of the noms (divines) and attributes of God marriage is a mystical discussion, but in this article we intend to use in the environmental field. Our aim in this research is the application of this doctrine in the field of environmental ethics and extraction of teachings of the related to environmental issues. The fundamental issue in the research is the explanation of status Nature in Ibn Arabi and discussion of the noms (divines) and attributes of God marriage and how will be done mystical teachings of the environmental ethics. In this article has been used descriptive –analytic method. Outcome of this research, true respect for nature by man that has intrinsic value as a sacred being Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - A critical inquiry of contemporary western philosophers' definition of morality
Mohammad

From the past up to now, multiple definitions have been proposed by many of philosophers and scholars, many of which are different from each other, due to their different perspective. In this paper, first, we study three main words in this respect etymologically, name More

From the past up to now, multiple definitions have been proposed by many of philosophers and scholars, many of which are different from each other, due to their different perspective. In this paper, first, we study three main words in this respect etymologically, namely, "Akhlagh" (in Persian), "Ethics" and "Moral" (in English). In this etymology, it is made clear that those three words have one same meaning. Then, we shall make a comparison between contemporary western philosophers' definition of morality and those of muslem scholars. This comparison shows that the definition of morality in contemporary western ethics is, indeed, a definition of morality as behavior, while in Islamic ethics, one it is as inward temperaments. At the end, we raise three arguments which show that muslem scholars' definition in comparision with contemporary westerns' one is more precise and more workable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Effective moral attributes in Ijtihad

Ijtihad’s goal is acquisition of true knowledge of juristic judgements and the knowledge is affected by various elements. Moral attributes of the religious jurist, divided into virtues and evils, is one of the elements. virtues affect true knowledge and comprehension More

Ijtihad’s goal is acquisition of true knowledge of juristic judgements and the knowledge is affected by various elements. Moral attributes of the religious jurist, divided into virtues and evils, is one of the elements. virtues affect true knowledge and comprehension of Islamic jurisprudence significantly, as evils prevent it, therefore, recognition of the effective attributes in Ijtihad (both virtues and evils) is necessary. Religious jurist must try to acquire the true knowledge, consequently, he should arrange moral virtues that affect the knowledge and be free from moral evils, too`. Effect of moral attributes in Ijtihad ,as a principle, is the preconception. In this article by both rational or traditional methods, researchers investigate which attributes affect Ijtihad. Moral justice, fair thought, humility, egoism, mundane, hastiness and hostility are the most important moral attributes that affect Ijtihad. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Ethical valuation the conditions of spuses compeer islamic jurisprudence and legal
Saleh Farhadi Ajorlou Abolhasan Mojtahed Soleimani Seyed Ali Khazaei

In Islam, the cornerstone of the healthy relationship between human beings has been based on morality and has always been considered a sacred morality in verses, traditions and religious orders. Accordingly, they have recommended them to comply with the ethical guidelin More

In Islam, the cornerstone of the healthy relationship between human beings has been based on morality and has always been considered a sacred morality in verses, traditions and religious orders. Accordingly, they have recommended them to comply with the ethical guidelines in regulating human relationships before they bring them to the rule of law and rights. This feature is most commonly found in the family, which is the basis of the human community. Accordingly, if couples' relationships are governed by instruments and rights instead of being based on moral authority, the coldness and strain on the relationships of family members shadow, and life and life will be unflattering and void of joy and joy. Marriage and family formation are one of the fundamental guidelines of the Islamic religion. The purpose of marriage is to reconcile men and women together, to establish affection and affection among them, to cultivate couples and to create a suitable environment for the cultivation of competent children. Achieving these goals is only possible if there is a kind of fidelity and faithfulness between couples. In the term jurists, this type of adaptation and consistency between couples is referred to as "guardianship in marriage". The material that jurisprudents have raised in jurisprudential discussions regarding the issue of virtue and Qur'anic and narrative criteria indicates that the most important factor in the success of a marriage and the formation of a healthy and competent family, attention to the standard of religiosity and fidelity And moral and moral harmony between male and female are in faith. The findings of this paper show that the condition and the condition of being married are mutually exclusive and that they are both Muslims. It is also received from the infallibles of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) that faith, morality and good deeds will be two important factors in choosing the wife of the future. As these issues are examined from the point of view of the Imams and Sunni jurisprudents, at the end of the article, the answer to this important question is whether the spouses have a condition in terms of criteria and criteria other than Islam. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Similarity between the Qualities of God and Holy Prophet (PBUH) in Attar’s Works

Affiliation and devotion of Gnostics of the Muslim lands to the holy presence of the Islam Prophet (PBUH) has been recognized everywhere. Sheikh Attar has a special position in this regard. There are no doubt that Attar’s sayings on describing the status of Mohammedan M More

Affiliation and devotion of Gnostics of the Muslim lands to the holy presence of the Islam Prophet (PBUH) has been recognized everywhere. Sheikh Attar has a special position in this regard. There are no doubt that Attar’s sayings on describing the status of Mohammedan Mission and Light reminds us viewpoints of scholars and experts of the Intellectual Mysticism. This paper tries to explain and demonstrate the fact that for the creator of Mantiq-ut-Tayr (The Conference of the Birds) there is no contrast between name, qualities and essence of the Prophet and the divine essence and attributes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - A critical Survey of Mark Maller’s View of Animal Suffering
Sayed Mahmoud Musawi Mohammad Molaye

Animal pain and suffering in the domain of nature are undeniable facts, which give rise to the problem of incompatibility of such facts with divine attributes of omniscience, omnipotence and absolute benevolence of God in Abrahamic faiths. Theologians have endeavored to More

Animal pain and suffering in the domain of nature are undeniable facts, which give rise to the problem of incompatibility of such facts with divine attributes of omniscience, omnipotence and absolute benevolence of God in Abrahamic faiths. Theologians have endeavored to meet this challenge by both explaining the compatibility and persevering their traditional faith in divine attributes. Mark Maller, however, attempted to solve the problem by reinterpretation of divine attributes and abandoning the orthodox beliefs. The problem with Maller and his like Christian theologians was to rely on nonreligious presumptions rather than on theistic foundations in finding a solution for the problem. The critique of their stance is that one cannot formulate a logical consistent argument by adopting some premises from religious fources and other premises from nonreligious ones. It seems that a holistic view and looking into scriptural thrives can provide a better and more coherent solution for animal suffering. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Investigating and analyzing the confinement of names and attributes of god in Sa'adi s works
anvar zieaee

The term nouns and attributes, like most Islamic terminology, have a Quranic origin. Among the prevailing ideas in Islamic theology are promises of the arrest of divine names and attributes, including those from the hadith, the Za'ir and even the Ash'arites. Matrides be More

The term nouns and attributes, like most Islamic terminology, have a Quranic origin. Among the prevailing ideas in Islamic theology are promises of the arrest of divine names and attributes, including those from the hadith, the Za'ir and even the Ash'arites. Matrides believe that God should be named and described only by the names and attributes in the book and the tradition, and that they know the names and other attributes of heresy. From the Mu'tazilite point of view, the divine attributes and attributes are not forbidden, and the name and attribution of transcendence to the names and attributes not mentioned in the Qur'an and traditions is valid, while mystics and Sufis and many close to them believe that God Any good name can be read. Saadi, inspired by the Ash'arites' beliefs, repeatedly reads God in the names and descriptions mentioned in the book and tradition. Therefore, in this research, considering the Ash'arism of Saadi's professionalism, we will examine descriptive-analytic method by extracting nouns and attributes in general, to see to what extent Sa'adi's thoughts and beliefs regarding the arrest of Asmau are discussed. The traits correspond to the Ash'arites. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The "Bestowal Theology(2)"; The Implications of the Principle of "Bestowal" in divine Attributes and acts
hasan Mohamadi ahmad abadi saeed motaqi far

The principle of "the Donor of a thing must already have it" used in Two Manners for Proving of divine attributes. In one application used for proving of Absolute perfection Attributes and in another used for proving each of the perfection attributes Including All kinds More

The principle of "the Donor of a thing must already have it" used in Two Manners for Proving of divine attributes. In one application used for proving of Absolute perfection Attributes and in another used for proving each of the perfection attributes Including All kinds of Divine knowledge like essential and intuition Knowledge, Knowledge to other one Before Creating, Knowledge to other one after creation, Active Knowledge and intuition Knowledge To another. As it is used in Proving of Attributes like Divine Power, Life, Will, necessity, goodness, righteousness, Simplicity, richness and ownership. This Principle also used for Proving of Basic Statements Related to divine acts Including The principle of "One", Extending existence ,the worlds of Existence, The invention of the universe and the Perfection of creation. This text, By proving the influence of this rule in most important issues of Islamic theology, justified Islamic theology as a "Bestowal theology ". Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The Role of Childhood Emotional Maltreatment in Predicting Adulthood Aggression
Behnaz Shid Anbarani Alireza Gol Fatemeh Farhadian Zahra Tabibi Sajjad Namvar Tabatabaee

The aim of this study was to determine the role of childhood emotional (affective) maltreatments (abuse) in predicting adult aggression with the mediating role of pathological (morbid) personality traits. This research was a descriptive correlational study and the stati More

The aim of this study was to determine the role of childhood emotional (affective) maltreatments (abuse) in predicting adult aggression with the mediating role of pathological (morbid) personality traits. This research was a descriptive correlational study and the statistical population included all persons between 18 and 50 years old. The sample of this study was 266 people who were selected through available sampling. Subjects completed the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), DSM-5 Personality Inventory (PID-5) and Life Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ) on a voluntary basis. The direct effect of emotional maltreatment variables on the morphological variables was 0.22, the direct effect of the emotional maltreatment variables on aggression was 0.24 and the direct effect of combining morbidity variables on aggression was 0.64. According to the t-test, the indirect paths of the model are significant, indicating a significant mediating role of pathological characteristics in the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and adult aggression. From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the causal model of the mediating role of pathological (morbid) personality traits is confirmed in relationship between childhood emotional maltreatment and adulthood aggression. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The Role of Pathological Traits, Early Maladaptive Schemas and Emotional in Predicting Personality Disorders of Cluster “C”
Alireza Gol Behnaz Shid Anbarani Hamidreza Aghamohammadian Sharbaf Sajjad Namvar Tabatabaee Mohammad Khakshour Kameh Olya

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of pathological (morbid) personality traits, early maladaptive and emotional schemas in predicting C-Cluster personality disorders. This is a descriptive correlational study. The sample is 359 (230 females and 129 ma More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of pathological (morbid) personality traits, early maladaptive and emotional schemas in predicting C-Cluster personality disorders. This is a descriptive correlational study. The sample is 359 (230 females and 129 males) who were selected from the age range of 18-50 years in Mashhad. The research instruments were Personality Disorder Questionnaire (PDQ-4), DSM-5 Personality Inventory (PID-5), Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ) and Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis. The findings of this study showed that the variables of control, impaired autonomy, disinhibition, rumination, negative affectivity, consensus, and rationality are significantly capable of predicting dependent personality disorder and the variables of control, disconnection and rejection, guilt and shame, expression, negative affectivity, higher values, and duration had significant predictive power of avoidant personality disorder. variables of negative affectivity, simplistic view of emotion, psychoticism, higher values, disinhibition, and guilt and shame significantly predict the obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. It can be concluded that morbid personality traits, early maladaptive, and emotional schemas play a significant role in predicting personality disorders of cluster “C”. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - The Role of Pathological Personality Traits, Early Maladaptive Schemas and Emotional Schemas in Predicting Personality Disorders of Cluster “B”
Mohammad Valipour Behnaz Shid Anbarani Fatemeh Davoodi Hamidreza Aghamohamadian Shaerbaf Alireza Gol

Due to the high prevalence of personality disorders and the change of personality disorder classification model in DSM-5, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of pathological (morbid) personality traits, early maladaptive schemas and emotional schemas i More

Due to the high prevalence of personality disorders and the change of personality disorder classification model in DSM-5, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of pathological (morbid) personality traits, early maladaptive schemas and emotional schemas in predicting B-Cluster personality disorders. This is a descriptive correlational study. The sample is 359 (230 females and 129 males) who were selected in access from the age range of 18-50 years in Mashhad. The research instruments were Personality Disorder Questionnaire (PDQ-4), DSM-5 Personality Questionnaire (PID-5), Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ) and Lay Emotional Schema Scale (LESS). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis. The findings of this study showed that the variables of comprehensibility, disinhibition, consensus, antagonism, impaired limits and psychoticism are significantly capable of predicting antisocial personality disorder and the variables of comprehensibility, control, disinhibition, negative affectivity, rumination, numbness, simplistic view of emotion, blame and duration have significant predictive power of borderline personality disorder and variables of antagonism, guilt, blame, psychoticism, higher values and consensus significantly predict the narcissist personality disorder and variables of consensus, disinhibition, antagonism, negative affectivity, other-directedness, over-vigilance and detachment significantly predict the histrionic personality disorder. It can be concluded that morbid personality traits, early maladaptive schemas, and emotional schemas play a significant role in predicting personality disorders of cluster “B”. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - The Functional of Epithets in Hafez’s Sonnets
asghar shahbazi

Epithets are attributes that, unlike attributes in the grammatical and logical sense, have many artistic and poetic functions, and in this way, cause the poetry language to be distinguished.Hafez is superior in the discovery, construction, and use of this type of epithe More

Epithets are attributes that, unlike attributes in the grammatical and logical sense, have many artistic and poetic functions, and in this way, cause the poetry language to be distinguished.Hafez is superior in the discovery, construction, and use of this type of epithets, but his artistic techniques have not been well studied yet, and as a result, most of the opinions on this subject are presented just about a few of his poems; so the present paper tried to examine this issue in Hafez’ sonnetsscientifically using the content analysis. According to this paper, it has been determined that Hafez has over 1400 descriptive compositions, 560 successor attributes, and 58 descriptive groups, from which more than 480 are epithets; that is, they have aesthetic function and made the language prominence. These epithets are analyzed in this paper based on the type of function, and it has been determined that the epithets of Hafez in his sonnets have the functions of beatification (Sarve Senoubarkharaam), uglification (Dajal Fe’l Molhedolshekl), magnification (Zabaane Atashin), metaphorical (Ashke ghammaz), sarcastic(Kootah Astinaan), simile (Dele senoubari) and allegory (Adame Beheshti). Since most of them are associated with a kind of innovation and fantasizing, they have cause the poetic language to be prominent and distinguished; therefore, Hafez is a great poet in this regard. This issue can be studied on literary masterpieces such as Shahnameh and Boostan by which the different epithets can be found in literary genres. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - A Review of the Development of Semantics of Divine Attributes in Islamic Thinkers
Abdollah Mirahmadi

One of the extensive realms of tawhidi (related to oneness of God) problems pertains to the explanation of Divine Attributes. The existence of such attributes in different Qur’anic verses and traditions has always raised a serious question among Islamic mutikallimun as More

One of the extensive realms of tawhidi (related to oneness of God) problems pertains to the explanation of Divine Attributes. The existence of such attributes in different Qur’anic verses and traditions has always raised a serious question among Islamic mutikallimun as to which linguistic principles could assist in grasping a correct understanding of them. In the history of Muslim thinkers three main approaches have been developed regarding the explanation of Divine Attributes: The first approach is supported by anthropomorphists (mushabbaha), literalists (hashwiyyah), corporealists (mujassamah), and then revivalists (salafiyya); while interpreting the verses on attributes based on their surface meaning, they maintain that predicative Divine Attributes can be demonstrated through assimilation and qualification. The second approach is mainly prevalent among the people of hadith; while ascribing predicative attributes to God, they are content with the mere explanation of the quality of their attribution and leave the understanding of their meanings to God. Unlike the proponents of the previous two approaches, those of the third approach, despite some methodological differences in interaction with attributes whose primary appearance is in contrast with conclusive rational principles, have adopted the method of t’awil or esoteric exegesis. A group of early thinkers and, following them, the Mu‘tazilites and Shi‘ites are among the true advocates of this approach. Here, following the method of content analysis, the author intends to provide an accurate account of these three approaches and, at the same time, evaluate their efficiency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Ibn Arabi and Divine Wisdom on the Word “Adam”: A Study of a Comprehensive Image of Adam in Fusus al-Hikam
Masood Ahmadi Afzadi Nawab Moqarrabi

The most important point in the “Adam” chapter of Ibn Arabi’s book of Fusus al-hikam pertains to the whyness of the creation of Adam and the world. Within our religious and Islamic context, the first response to this question is based on the famous holy hadith that cons More

The most important point in the “Adam” chapter of Ibn Arabi’s book of Fusus al-hikam pertains to the whyness of the creation of Adam and the world. Within our religious and Islamic context, the first response to this question is based on the famous holy hadith that considers the Divine Knowledge as the basis and reason of creation. However, this knowledge-based response is too vague and insufficient to explain the whole story and needs to be expanded. One can view this problem from another perspective: there are, in fact, two different views; one is based on a general image of believers in Abrahamic religions, and the other rests upon the oneness of being. In the latter image, which is the most important image for epistemologists in the field of Divine Knowledge, God is both the outermost and the innermost; He is both the beginning and the end. Adam (human being) is both creation and truth; he is the gathering point of all divine names, and the world is a mirror in which God and Adam see themselves. The angels are also the powers of the world; glory and beauty are the two hands of God. Moreover, the perfect Man is the same single soul. Finally, it is noted that God’s vicegerent on Earth possesses both the image of God and the image of the world. In this paper, the writers have tried to explore this image from various angles and, ultimately, provide a comprehensive picture of the problem under debate. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Synonymy of Attributes and Attributeless Nature of Essence
Hosain Oshaqi

There are three views regarding the relationship between “essential attributes” and the “Essence of the Truth”. The Ash‘arites believed in the addition of the existence of attributes to the existence of the Essence of the Truth and the differences of their meanings from More

There are three views regarding the relationship between “essential attributes” and the “Essence of the Truth”. The Ash‘arites believed in the addition of the existence of attributes to the existence of the Essence of the Truth and the differences of their meanings from each other and from the Essence of the Truth. However, most philosophers acknowledge the identity of the real co-existence of attributes with the existence of the Essence of the Truth and, at the same time, believe in the differences mentioned above. Moreover, gnostics believe that the Essence of the Truth is free from attributes and maintain that attributes are of the same meaning with the Essence of the Truth. They also emphasize that contrasting attributes exist by accident in relation to the very existence of the Truth and are posterior to it. It seems that, unlike the Ash‘arites and other philosophers, who both suffer from some rational and traditional problems, the truth of gnostics’ view can be demonstrated based on several rational and traditional proofs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Levels of the Order of Being in the View of Imām Khomeīnī (Based on T‘alīqāt Miṣbāḥ al-Uns)
Gholamreza Hosseinpour

Miftāḥ al-qayb is the first work which was formally written on theoretical gnosis by Ṣadr al-Dīn Qūnawī. Miṣbāḥ al-uns by Shams al-Dīn Fanārī, which is a detailed commentary on the mentioned book, has also had a significant role in granting a demonstrative nature to gno More

Miftāḥ al-qayb is the first work which was formally written on theoretical gnosis by Ṣadr al-Dīn Qūnawī. Miṣbāḥ al-uns by Shams al-Dīn Fanārī, which is a detailed commentary on the mentioned book, has also had a significant role in granting a demonstrative nature to gnostic discussions. Some gnostics, such as Imām Khomeīnī, are among the researchers whose glosses have been extremely useful in explaining and clarifying the concepts discussed in Miṣbāḥ al-uns. This study intends to explain the levels of the order of being in the view of Imām Khomeīnī based on his glosses on Miṣbāḥ al-uns. The level of the existence of the Truth in the arc of descent is the same chain of existence in the order of being, which consists of the mentally posited attributes and determinations, i.e. stations of essence, henas (aḥadiyyat), and monas (waḥdāniyyat). In other words, Almighty Truth enjoys certain determinations which are initially manifested at the station of essence, which is nameless and attributeless, and then descends to the level of henas, following which they descend further to the level of monas. The station of monas is a level at which the names and attributes of the Truth are explained in detail. Immutable essences are the forms and manifestations of such names and attributes; in the same vein, external essences or real affairs are the manifestations of immutable essences. This study was carried out to review, analyze, and evaluate Imām Khomeīnī’s views regarding the levels of the order of being. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - A Study of the Role of Qur’anic Teachings in Philosophical Theology
Aireza Asadi

Some opponents of philosophy and many Orientalists believe that Islamic Philosophy simply repeats the words and views of Greek philosophers and is not only totally far from Islamic teachings but also sometimes in opposition to them. Through explaining the extent of the More

Some opponents of philosophy and many Orientalists believe that Islamic Philosophy simply repeats the words and views of Greek philosophers and is not only totally far from Islamic teachings but also sometimes in opposition to them. Through explaining the extent of the influence of the Holy Qur’an on a rational and philosophical discussion and a study of the works of Islamic philosophers, this paper aims to demonstrate that they have benefitted from Qur’anic teachings in order to expand and develop philosophical discussions and, particularly, philosophical theology. In other words, it intends to prove that the qualitative and quantitative expansion of philosophical problems, arguments, theories, and principles in the field of philosophical theology is indebted to Qur’anic teachings. This influence is to the extent that it has led to the conceptual and structural evolution of Greek philosophy and differentiates the general approach of Islamic philosophy from Greek philosophy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - The argument from particularization for God’s existence in Twelver Shīʿism kalām
Hamid Ataei Nazari

Among classical arguments for God’s existence in Islamic theology is The argument from particularization which is also called “the proof of possibility of attributes” and “proof of particularization”. The gist of the argument is that since all bodies share in corporeali More

Among classical arguments for God’s existence in Islamic theology is The argument from particularization which is also called “the proof of possibility of attributes” and “proof of particularization”. The gist of the argument is that since all bodies share in corporeality yet differ in various attributes, there must be some cause for the particularization of the attributes of bodies. the cause must be an eternal agent who is not a body. Different versions of the argument presented by Twelver Shīʿī theologians in various schools caused important and considerable evolution in the history of the argument. Such evolution in Twelver Shīʿism kalām has not been the subject of researches so far. In the present paper, having discussed different versions of the argument in Twelver Shīʿism kalām from the 6th/12th to 11th/17th centuries, illustrated changes and the evolution of the argument in the period. It shows that there are four different versions of The argument from particularization for God’s existence in the Twelver Shīʿism kalām, which are rather distinct in the premises and conclusion. The argument from particularization has not been received much attention from Twelver Shīʿī theologians, probably due to some fundamental flaws in it, including its disability to prove God as a necessary existent (wājib al-wujūd). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Laws of Nature as Strategies for Man’s Happiness
S. Mohammad Khamenei

The world and nature have been created relying on certain divine rules and principles. Based on the Divine Will and pre-ordination, there is a mutual relationship and interaction not only between all the components of the world of being but also between them and the who More

The world and nature have been created relying on certain divine rules and principles. Based on the Divine Will and pre-ordination, there is a mutual relationship and interaction not only between all the components of the world of being but also between them and the whole world of creation. As a member of this world, Man can both affect it and be affected by it. This process has been predestined based on the main law and principle of this world, that is, the commensurability of “being” and “good”. Where there is good, there is being (and vice versa), and where there is no good, there is evil or non-being (and vice versa). The only way of attaining true happiness for Man is living in harmony with the system of nature and its governing rules. The divine tradition or the laws of nature are such that any deviation from them will lead to evil, misery, loss, calamity, disease, etc. The world (macro-anthropo) reacts to the good and bad deeds of human beings (micro-anthropo). Sin, which means any disobedience to the Divine orders or transgression from the laws of creation and nature, results in human misery and cruelty and will be followed by Divine punishment and torture. This is the point at which God’s glorious names and attributes are manifested. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Explore the components and explanations of the infallible (AS) components
Fereshteh Balochi Mohammad mehdi Taghdisi Mohammad Jafari Harandie

According to Imamiyyah, Imam Hojjat is chosen and appointed God to guide humanity. Therefore, he necessarily has characteristics that, while not leaving him out of the order of God and being the creature of God, makes him different from ordinary human beings. One of the More

According to Imamiyyah, Imam Hojjat is chosen and appointed God to guide humanity. Therefore, he necessarily has characteristics that, while not leaving him out of the order of God and being the creature of God, makes him different from ordinary human beings. One of the most important of these features is the immunity from any sin and error that is referred to as infallibility in the term science; Because the imam's error throws his authority and contradicts the wisdom and justice of God. Also, another of the dignity of the Imamate is his complete and extensive science. In the meantime, God sometimes finds expedient to inform the Imam of the unseen. These doctrines are all derived from the verses of the Qur'an and the valid themes of the narrative that will be mentioned in the text of the article. The method of this article is analytical-reciprocal, and we would like to say that the exaggeration of the attributes and characteristics of the infallibles (AS) is due to the lack of attention to the minutes and subtleties that exist in this form and in the criteria of exaggeration. In this article, the author will say in a precise meaning that the concept of humanity is human, that if affairs are inherently impossible to human, such as divinity, abstraction and complete independence, God is the cause of God and his unity with human beings. ;; But the extraordinary things that are inherently possible and according to the evidence and documentation - though rarely - are not exaggerated, and it can be considered as the superhuman attributes of the Imams. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - An Evaluation of the Theories of Suhrawardī Versus the Mu‘tazilites on God’s Will
Mostafa Esfandiari Mohammad Mahdi Salami Rasool Padashpour

<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roma More

<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">One of the attributes and perfections of God is Will, a correct perception of which, similar to other attributes, can lead to the perfection of the knower. Although all Muslim phosphors attribute this Will to God, the quality of this attribution has always created some clash of ideas. Most Mu‘tazilite mutikallimūn negate God’s affirmative attributes, including will, to essence and consider them to be additional to it. They maintain that the Divine Essence is the vicegerent for attributes. Among pre-Suhrawardī philosophers, some interpret the free will as the knowledge of the higher order, and some others have referred it to the attribute of knowledge to clarify its meaning. As a result, these two attributes are in unity with each other in terms of concept and referents. Regarding Suhrawardī, some believe that he denies the free will, while a study of the fundamental principles of his philosophical system reveals that the opposite holds true. From among such principles, reference can be made to the gracefulness of the light of all lights (nūr al-anwār), identity of Divine Attributes with Essence, and the light of all lights as the sum of all perfections. According to these principles, all the perfections at lower levels exist in the highest level in a more complete and nobler form. The attribute of will is also an existential perfection, the demonstration of which leads to honor and eminence, and the denial of which leads to the negation of perfection. Hence, given the general content of Shurawardī’s philosophy, he must have necessarily agreed with attributing will to Almighty God. Regarding the inclusiveness of will, the Mu‘tazilites do not view Man as possessing the necessary will, while Suhrawardī considers the attributes of the light of all lights to belong to all existents, including Man in the light of introducing the light of all lights as an all-inclusive truth. Manuscript profile

List of Articles صفات

Rimag

Links

Related Centers

Technical Support

Official pages