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Open Access Article

1 - Analysis of stress regime in Shah Deniz oilfields and wellbore stability, in south Caspian Sea basin
Parvaneh Alizadeh Saeid Mohammad Hassanpour sedghi Ali Kadkhodaie Malek Mohammad Gity

Wellbore instability is one of the main problems during drilling of oil and gas wells. Analyzing and wellbore instability prediction is important. In-situ stress measurement and stress regime are important for stability studies. This study was carried out in one of the More

Wellbore instability is one of the main problems during drilling of oil and gas wells. Analyzing and wellbore instability prediction is important. In-situ stress measurement and stress regime are important for stability studies. This study was carried out in one of the oilfields in the south Caspian basin in Iran. The compressional stress regime in the studied field was determined based on regional stress indicators and larg scale tectonic observations. . This study presented the effect of borehole inclination and azimuth on borehole stability under reverse fault regimes. The magnitude of stresses was determined from measured sonic velocities, density log and predicted pore pressure utilizing the Eaton method. In this study, the modified Lade model have been utilized to perform stability calculation for different inclinations and azimuths. In this study, to perform stability calculation with the use of STABview software is presented. It is shown that drilling wells parallel to maximum in-situ horizontal stress (NE-SW) causes less stability problems. The results of this study could help in the mitigation and/ or prevention of wellbore stability issues in this oilfield. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Introducing and Reviewing Thoughts of Muezzin Khorasani, Mystic and Poet of 11th Hegira
تکتم بهرامی Alireza Fouladi

"Muhammad Ali Khorasani" with a nickname and pseudonym called "muezzin" is one of the 11th Hegira mystic and is one the Aqtab-e Zahabiye who has legated a Divan of nearly 3700 verses. The sage Khorasani was born in Säbzĕvär and joined to Zahabiye sect in his youth and a More

"Muhammad Ali Khorasani" with a nickname and pseudonym called "muezzin" is one of the 11th Hegira mystic and is one the Aqtab-e Zahabiye who has legated a Divan of nearly 3700 verses. The sage Khorasani was born in Säbzĕvär and joined to Zahabiye sect in his youth and after Sheikh Hatam Zaravandi, leader of the sect on that time, was assigned to this position. Khorasani muezzin like many mystic-poets applied his mystical thoughts in poetry arena. Though he lived in 11th Hegira, his poems can be regarded as the continuation of Iraqi Mystical style poem. His poems are simple, fluent and adsorbent. There are lots of words about true love in his poems, and Sufi thoughts have deep reflection in its core and surface. His divan was not corrected and published, but the author has corrected it based on its 4 versions as his MA thesis and has used many of wise guidance of thoughtful master, Dr. Alireza Fuladi. It is tried in this essay to introduce this poet and provide an outline of his thoughts which are clearly and brilliantly obvious in his poems for readers, so that they can have at least a brief familiarity with this poet of Ahl-e Beit of Prophet and his thoughts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - An Inquiry into the Methods of Arranging Poetry Collections
sorayya Eslamikho Mohammad hakimazar asghar rezapoorian

Copying, collecting and compiling poems of poets in previous centuries was done in several ways. Sometimes the poet wrote his poem in his notebook during his life and over time, and after his death, that notebook remained the same. Sometimes the poet himself would colle More

Copying, collecting and compiling poems of poets in previous centuries was done in several ways. Sometimes the poet wrote his poem in his notebook during his life and over time, and after his death, that notebook remained the same. Sometimes the poet himself would collect his poetry collection and arrange it according to his own taste. Sometimes his friends and supporters compiled his poetry collection after his death, and sometimes in later centuries his poetry collection was compiled by a scribe according to himself taste. In each of these methods, the order of the poems (especially the sonnets) has been specific. In this research, we intend to deal with the methods of arranging poems in the books of poets and see which method is more logical, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each method.The results of this study show that the alphabetical order of the poetry collections is by no means based on stylistic studies and research related to the evolution of Iranian thought and art, and the best method is the way in which poetry books are compiled today. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - United Nations Sanctions Against the International Criminal Court Cooperation: The Impact of Ethical Principles Caused by Human Rights
Mohammad seyed ghasem zamani hasan savari mahdi hadavand

The Security Council has, since 1966, exercised its authority to impose international sanctions and in response to the threat to international peace and security, has imposed 26 sanctions regimes against 21 countries, as well as organizations, terrorist organizations an More

The Security Council has, since 1966, exercised its authority to impose international sanctions and in response to the threat to international peace and security, has imposed 26 sanctions regimes against 21 countries, as well as organizations, terrorist organizations and groups. Currently, 13 regimes from the 26 regimes in the areas of hostilities, nuclear proliferation and terrorism are still active. Each regime is run by a sanctions committee headed by a non-permanent member of the Security Council. The author examines the regime of terrorist sanctions, which is generally linked to justice and ethical rules derived from human rights doctrines. The moral mechanisms behind international criminal justice and the United Nations terrorist sanctions regime are tightly intertwined, to a point where friction sometimes occurs. The coordinated relationship between them is in the interest of both institutions and is in line with their goals. According to the author, for this purpose, it is necessary to take several steps. The proposal to establish a Security Council subcommittee with a special mission "Review Mutual Reciprocal Institutions" along with observance of the ethical rules derived from human rights doctrines is in this regard Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Examining Ethical Ethical Patterns from the Point of View And judicial procedures in the international system
Seyyed Hossein Mousavi Seyyed Baqer Mir Abbasi Mahmoud Bagheri

International law, which in the beginning looked at the relations between countries, today has paid attention to the dimensions of a wide range of human beings. Today, the deterioration of environmental crises is to a large extent endangered human life and other creatur More

International law, which in the beginning looked at the relations between countries, today has paid attention to the dimensions of a wide range of human beings. Today, the deterioration of environmental crises is to a large extent endangered human life and other creatures on the planet. For this reason, the theoretical foundations determining human interaction with nature, including ethics, are of interest to environmentalists. The explanation of the ethical theory of the environment from the perspective of judgments and judicial procedures in the international system, from the requirements of conservation and exploitation From the global environment. The common environmental ethics are based on a range of intrinsic value foundations that are human-centered and ecosystem-based, but in recent years, the proper interaction of man with the natural environment and the solution to the environmental crises of the world in the return Search for the basics of judicial procedures in the international system. In this article, we try to elucidate environmental ethical considerations in relation to the two fundamental questions of ethics about the "global environment" and "international judicial procedures" and to show why explanation of environmental ethics based on the view of the legal system Internationally, there is a more comprehensive view of environmental protection. Hence, "In recent years, ethical factors in international environmental law have been considered as part of the international community's public order. And has also become increasingly prominent in the work of the International Court of Justice. "This issue was of particular importance in terms of accessing the healthy environment as a human right. Also, issues related to ethics in the environment, commitments and responsibilities of countries, environmental perception as common property, and so on, caused countries, as the main determinants of international law, to take effective steps with the cooperation of other actors in international affairs To regulate the behavior of countries and other international actors in the field of the environment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Legal Enforcement of Violations of Ethical Values in the Supreme Audit Court
Fatholla Rahimi mehri haghighi

Society requires a variety of elements for its consistency and durability, including respect for high human and moral values. As these values, grow from the context of society; in all societies, both traditional and modern, they will have their place, some values includ More

Society requires a variety of elements for its consistency and durability, including respect for high human and moral values. As these values, grow from the context of society; in all societies, both traditional and modern, they will have their place, some values including respect for the rights of others, self-respect, self-sacrifice, and so on. Not all societies are valuable, and others are valued for the attitude of each community and its culture, but not all of these values have the same guarantee, and given the importance of these principles, they offer poor guarantees such as condemnation. To a greater extent, there are legal penalties that this article considers the observance of the lasting values in the Supreme Audit Court and examines this. And this, whether in the absence of compliance with these principles and human moral values executive guarantee considered legal or not? In other words, do the Supreme Audit Court employees face legal guarantees if they violate ethical values? We have come to an analytical conclusion that violating certain ethical values in laws such as the law of the supreme audit Court, the law of public accounting and the law on dealing with administrative offenses, etc. has legal guarantees and even severe punishments including dismissal and ... Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Policies and Alternatives of the inclusion and increase of enforcement of Human Rights Obligations in New Generation of Bilateral Investment Treaties
Mohsen Abdollahi Nafiseh Shakeri

Bilateral Investment Treaties as one of the most common instruments of the conclusion of foreign investment treaties, particularly in recent years has played an important role in establishment and development of foreign investment in-between the states. Considering deve More

Bilateral Investment Treaties as one of the most common instruments of the conclusion of foreign investment treaties, particularly in recent years has played an important role in establishment and development of foreign investment in-between the states. Considering developing flow of significance of human rights obligations and its corresponding activities specially since 2016, together with conclusion of certain bilateral investment treaties towards this trend and as the role of New Generation bilateral treaties in determination and consolidation of Human Rights obligations became more apparent, a survey regarding different aspects of this role and terms of its development will be of great advantage and necessity that in this article has been tried to dealt with Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Protecting the constitution in the case of bureaucratic justice based on personal dignity and prohibition of dignity
Mohammad Javad Rezaeizadeh Vahid Maleki

The constitution is the supreme norm of the legal system, and the coherence of this system requires compliance with the rules below the supreme rules. Defending the constitution is certainly one of the great achievements of public law in the last century. The value and More

The constitution is the supreme norm of the legal system, and the coherence of this system requires compliance with the rules below the supreme rules. Defending the constitution is certainly one of the great achievements of public law in the last century. The value and validity of a constitution is maintained when all elements of the legal system are in harmony with it and the constitution is the dominant element in that system. The Administrative Justice Tribunal, which, under Article 173 of the Constitution, is the authority to deal with administrative disputes and to monitor the compliance of administrative regulations with Islamic law and the law; It opposes ordinary law and primarily the constitution and, by issuing judicial opinions as constitutional norms, has provided a valuable resource, namely judicial practice in the field. In the present article, while examining the aspects of judicial oversight over the administrative functions of the Court in the substantive jurisdiction of state law, the role of this judicial authority will be examined with a view to respect for persons and prohibition of dignity in the Constitution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Ethical Assessment of Internal Armed Conflicts with a focus on the Statute of the International Criminal Court and the procedure of the former Yugoslav Court
mohsen amari Mahdi Hatami

War crimes are one of the most important examples of international crimes and, as a moral anomaly, are within the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. As long as it has been criminalized in Article 8 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, it ha More

War crimes are one of the most important examples of international crimes and, as a moral anomaly, are within the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. As long as it has been criminalized in Article 8 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, it has undergone a long process. In general, the Statute of the Court exceeded the limits of the customary international law on war conflicts in significant and perceptible cases and imposes new obligations on States Parties. In addition to the criminalization of certain acts related to the war in international armed conflicts, the crimes committed in conflicts within the countries have also been sanctioned. By 1949, International humanitarian law has not considered to internal armed conflicts, and up to 1977, no independent treaties were drawn up in this regard. It can also be found in the absence of a comprehensive definition of non-international armed conflicts. However, in the 1990s, The International Criminal Court for the former Yugoslavia defined a definition, while reflecting the custom of its time, influenced the development of the future custom. In this paper, The formation of resources and bases governing internal armed conflicts and its gradual and moral development will be assessed on the basis of humanitarian criteria by the library method and using fishing tools, and will show that the procedure of the Court The former Yugoslav penal code, followed by the drafting of the 1998 Statute of the International Criminal Court. And the inclusion of these crimes in the scope of war crimes has created and developed a great moral transformation in relation to the development of rights related to these conflicts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The nature of the world and verbal beliefs in the poems of Mohammad Taghi Aliabadi Mazandarani
jalil tajlil شعبان توکلی

Mohammad Taghi Ali Abadi Mazandarani (born 1198 AH. Ali Abad Ghaemshahr, deceased 1256 AH. Tehran, Tehran). He is also the owner of the court and is famous for "Malalai" and "Aqa"; the owner of the court of the poets and Rijal Fadel of the court of Fath Ali Shah He also More

Mohammad Taghi Ali Abadi Mazandarani (born 1198 AH. Ali Abad Ghaemshahr, deceased 1256 AH. Tehran, Tehran). He is also the owner of the court and is famous for "Malalai" and "Aqa"; the owner of the court of the poets and Rijal Fadel of the court of Fath Ali Shah He also had the office of his clerk. He wrote the short and useful history in the description of Fath Ali Shah's ancestors and the ancestors of the time, "Muluk al-khalk" or "Treasury of Khaghani", and "The Divan of the Poems" became famous. Mzndrani Ghazal, Qasī, and Samnahni is a self-examining and "Sahib" of his penance. He is a moderator of poetry in the form of the poetry of nature and moral values It is never Frvngzardh and Rumi, a mystical ideas and beliefs is presented. The presentation of thoughts in the poems of Sahebdivan is somewhat predefined in the modeling of the core of the mystical beliefs; the emergence of ideas, even in the form of invisible strings, appears in his court, especially in the form of his masculine forms. Among them, the subject of the world and the examples of the events The old, love, creation and creation of the world and man are in the poems of the owner of the special court, which is the subject of this essay. This is due to his particular way of expressing the ideas of the belief and the theological, which has the power of his literary artist. The emergence is the focus of this critique. This essay is based on the critique and poetry analysis of library resources. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Prophetic Image of the Prophet of Islam in Divan Ismail Esfahani and Saif Fergani
Zahra Sheihaki Behrouz roumiani

Belief in prophecy is one of the principles of the religion of Islam. Faithful scholars have shown the qualities of the Prophet, Timmans and his joy for the emergence of beliefs and proximity to the prophetic tradition and persuading them to obey the carnal messenger. S More

Belief in prophecy is one of the principles of the religion of Islam. Faithful scholars have shown the qualities of the Prophet, Timmans and his joy for the emergence of beliefs and proximity to the prophetic tradition and persuading them to obey the carnal messenger. Sayf, a mystic poet of Ferghana's profession, is familiar with the deep moral, religious, and historical events of the Prophet's epoch and, with particular attention to the sources of the soul and interpretation, with a comprehensive and artistic expression, has drawn the great events of the life of the Prophet into the field of purification and erosion. The image that he presents in Khatamalanbine's style expresses the deep devotion of this well-known poet to the Prophet Mohammad. In these lines, poetic evidence is extracted from the image of the Messenger of Nikki from the Divan Saif Farghani and descriptively-analytically, in terms of individual and social characteristics, attributes, titles, miracles and... Examined and categorized. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Looking at what death is and how to deal with it inhazin Lahiji's poetry
zohreh arab Abol-Ghasem Amir-Ahmadi Ali Eshghi Sardehi

Thinking about death is a subject whose life span is as long as the history of human life; Almost no human being can be found who has not thought about death for hours in his or her life, and perhaps it can be said that few people, like poets and philosophers, have the More

Thinking about death is a subject whose life span is as long as the history of human life; Almost no human being can be found who has not thought about death for hours in his or her life, and perhaps it can be said that few people, like poets and philosophers, have the opportunity to express their views and feelings about death and their words Make history memorable. The poet, however, has a special place in this due to his artistic point of view; For this reason, in this article, Lahiji's sad thoughts and feelings about death were evaluated. In this article, using a descriptive-analytical method, he intends to critique and analyze nostalgia in his poems by examining and exploring Lahiji's sad life. Tired, the companion of loneliness and homelessness, is portrayed with a wealth of experiences of displacement and suffering caused by civil wars and so on. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Mystical expressions and interpretations in Forsat-ol doleh poetic works
monavar sadraei seyed mohsen sajedirad samera rostami

Islamic theosophy demonstrates the cultural, social, national and religious essence of a country which gives beauty to the works of poets and consequently acts as a valuable artistic heritage which posterity benefit from.Meanwhile the existing article investigates and d More

Islamic theosophy demonstrates the cultural, social, national and religious essence of a country which gives beauty to the works of poets and consequently acts as a valuable artistic heritage which posterity benefit from.Meanwhile the existing article investigates and describes mystical terms in the poetical works of Forsat ol Doleh. The research method is described to be descriptive-analytical. As a result, The aim and purpose of this article is to demonstrate and determine the usage method of mystical terms. So, the results demonstrate that Forsat has added new concepts to vocabularies like previous poets and used them in mystical interpretations and expressions such as love spring, love wall, love springe and love imagination. We conclude that Forsat is among those poets who has used pub-like expressions in serval places and created several significant combinations. We can imply that one of these expressions is astute which forms some combinations as tavern astute, arc-burning astute, bowl eating astute, clear-sighted astute and stable astute. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Historical criticism and reading of Hafez poetry
asghar shahbazi

Historical criticism and reading of literatures for their analysis, considering the historical events, have a long history, especially in Iran. This kind of criticism about Hafez poems, according to especial and unique features of his poems, has always been faced with t More

Historical criticism and reading of literatures for their analysis, considering the historical events, have a long history, especially in Iran. This kind of criticism about Hafez poems, according to especial and unique features of his poems, has always been faced with two approval and denial viewpoints and opposed by the supporters of the formalist criticism. Comparing the formalist and historical criticism, the author tried to reveal that, considering the components such as the poet's era, poet's look at poetry and poet's job, this kind of criticism is not worthless because a detailed examination of the Hafez poems, based on the historical documents and the poet’s book of poems, reveals that from 625 poems of Hafez, 89 poems are of his certain dated poems; namely, 14%. If we want to add his eulogistic and historical impressions, Hafez has about 169 dated poems; namely, 27% showing that Hafez poetry enjoys a temporal and spatial determination. Therefore, extracting these poems can be one of the reasons for the usefulness of a historical criticism or look at Hafez poems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Spiritual Rhetorics effects in the Poems of Rafiq Esfahani
Leila adlparvar

From the aesthetic point of view, it is the knowledge by which the beauties of speech are revealed. Rafiq Esfahani is one of the poets whose interest in the Rhetorics spiritual industries has been used in the poetry to exert modest beauty in his poetry. In this descript More

From the aesthetic point of view, it is the knowledge by which the beauties of speech are revealed. Rafiq Esfahani is one of the poets whose interest in the Rhetorics spiritual industries has been used in the poetry to exert modest beauty in his poetry. In this descriptive-analytical method, the author of this study is to determine and study the Rhetorics spiritual arrays in the court of Rafiq Esfahani. The main question of the study is what are the important Rhetorics arrays used in his court? By studying the poetry of Rafiq Esfahani, we find that Rhetorics spiritual arrays have played a significant role in creating the images and beauty of his words. To express his thoughts and thoughts In addition to the imagination, he has used other exquisite industries such as: Equivoque, Apostrophe, Rhetorical Question, Verse , subtraction, Zeugma and Merismus , Conglobatio, Allusion , Allusion,Epanados, Amplification, Congeries and ... Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Bilateral Relationship of Metaphysics of Light with the Dynamic World and Illuminationist Psychology in Dionysius and Suhrawardī
Abdolreza Safari

The present paper basically hypothesizes that the recent Neoplatonic philosophy is entangled with Christian and Jewish traditions. Accordingly, it would be possible to match Dionysius’ thoughts with those of Illuminationist and mystic philosophers, particularly Suhrawar More

The present paper basically hypothesizes that the recent Neoplatonic philosophy is entangled with Christian and Jewish traditions. Accordingly, it would be possible to match Dionysius’ thoughts with those of Illuminationist and mystic philosophers, particularly Suhrawardī, in the world of Islam. In spite of their different religious and gnostic backgrounds, both Dionysius and Suhrawardī present the same metaphysical system that is based on the mysterious concept and creative role of light. The present study, while relying on the principles of this system, focuses on the similarities between their philosophies in three respects: metaphysics, psychology, and structures that lead to explaining the theorem of the illuminated universe. The author, on the one hand, intends to explain the core of this similarity based on the creative identity of light in order to reveal the emanated identity of the world and the effusion of light. On the other hand, he wishes to demonstrate the basis of their mutual metaphysical and Illuminationist relation to cosmology and fundamental principles of psychology and intuition. Based on the three-fold similarities of these two systems, three conclusions can be derived: 1- origination of the system of the world through emanation in divinity, 2- the reliance of the dynamic structure of the world on Illuminationist action in the whole world, 3- psychology of intuition as the basis of the deiformity of the soul in the world of lights. Nevertheless, the author shows that there is an obvious difference between the two thinkers’ metaphysical systems regarding the way the soul can attain devotion and deiformity. Manuscript profile

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17 - Dual-Output Rectifier-Inverter System for Independently Supplying Two Three-Phase Loads
M. Heydari A. Yazdian Varjani M. Mohamadian

In this paper a rectifier-inverter system including a three phase diode rectifier and a dual output inverter is proposed for independently supplying two three-phase loads. This system employs less number of semiconductor devices compared to former dual output inverters More

In this paper a rectifier-inverter system including a three phase diode rectifier and a dual output inverter is proposed for independently supplying two three-phase loads. This system employs less number of semiconductor devices compared to former dual output inverters proposed in the literature and uses only six active switches for controlling two three-phase loads. Reducing the number of switches and hence drive and control circuits and also cooling system may result in a reduction in overall cost of the system, may reduce its semiconductor power loss and as a result increases efficiency and reliability especially in applications with low and medium voltage and power ratings. The new configuration is introduced and its carrier-based PWM schemes are developed. Analysis of sizing of the DC link capacitors is also performed so as to minimize the DC link voltage ripple, to reduce the value of DC link capacitors and to improve the grid current THD and the grid current balance. Furthermore, loss profile of the system is studied and the results are compared with counterpart topologies. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the authenticity of the theoretical model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Investigation of Diameter and Height Growth of Willow and Alder in Road Fill-Slope Landslide Bioengineering Stabilization (Surdar-Watashan District Chamestan, Mazandaran)
Seyed Ata ollah Hosseini

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diameter and height growth of two native species of alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.) and willow (Salix alba L.) planted in three treatments including natural mulches of straw, wood chips and bare soil without mulch (as control More

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diameter and height growth of two native species of alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.) and willow (Salix alba L.) planted in three treatments including natural mulches of straw, wood chips and bare soil without mulch (as control) treatments. The design of the experiments was in the form of split plots and in the form of completely random blocks located in Chamestan, Mazandaran. The results showed that the regression relationships between diameter and height in alder species were better than those of willow species completely randomly. The study area was in parcels 5 of series 3 district of Surdar -Watashan forestry plan in watershed 49 of forests in the north of the country. The regression coefficient for the independent variable of diameter and dependent variable of height was 0.65 in alder and 0.42 in willow. The results showed that the regression relationship between diameter and height in alder was better than willow species. According to the results of variance analysis, the blocks and treatments did not have a statistically significant difference. The wood chips treatment created the best situation, and after that, the straw treatment and finally the control treatment (bare soil) had a more unfavorable situation than the other treatments. Finally, alder had more favorable conditions for adaptation to the applied bioengineering conditions of the present study vs. willow. Manuscript profile

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19 - Analysis of the condition of the Dave in Marzban-nameh from the perspective of the teachings of Zoroastrianism and Islam and Folk beliefs
KHodabakhsh Asadollahi Alireza Kazemiha

Among the ancient Persian literature ,evidences of penetration of the myths of Nations can be found, that indicates the writer’s or poet’s influences are most of these myths. when the writer’s words are exanimated from a mythological point of view; gradually these impac More

Among the ancient Persian literature ,evidences of penetration of the myths of Nations can be found, that indicates the writer’s or poet’s influences are most of these myths. when the writer’s words are exanimated from a mythological point of view; gradually these impacts give them theirs, because from the mythology’s perspective some one who is studing_classical and contemporary texts, if there is an effect of the author from archetype or mythical element, will be realize this factor at writing. In the dyvgavpay(a demon that has a cattle-shaped leg) and religious knowledge story,wich is registered in the fourth chapter of the Marzban nameh , also the same ingredient are visible. Being a negative person called demon, from the time of Zarathustra’s changes among of Iranians, he losts his grand position and , according to the Zoroastrian teachings, has a low and hateful position, on the one hand, in addition has a cattle-shaped leg on the other hand, likewise declaring the text of the mastery the demons initially had on the environment and also, gather all of them by the command of the dyvgavpay, all are elements that can be traced from the point of view of mythology and reading the old texts and the beliefs of the Islamic and Zoroastrians. So in this research we have done it till prove this point that myths ancient Iranian beliefs in the Zoroastrian and Islamic periods and after that, in this text have been impressive. Manuscript profile

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20 - Improving the Quality of Urban Public Spaces, with the Emphasis on Murals (Case Study: Qazvin)
Abolfazl Toghraii Kia Massoudi Erfan Toghraei

10.52547/arch.1.1.85

Public Arts are one of the cheapest and most accessible alternatives for achieving alive urban places. This kind of art, the name implies, is born, raised, and matured from byways corners of a city and its living streets. In most European countries, the importance of Pu More

Public Arts are one of the cheapest and most accessible alternatives for achieving alive urban places. This kind of art, the name implies, is born, raised, and matured from byways corners of a city and its living streets. In most European countries, the importance of Public Arts has been proved so obviously. In such countries, they consider complete separate Planning Acts from Master Plans for Public Arts, usually called "Public Art Master Plan" with a long-term vision and practical strategies. Furthermore, in numerous countries, Public Art has not been considered just as an aesthetic aspect with official purposes, but also as a means for transmitting the society’s ideologies and attitudes, especially the society’s intellectuals. Murals in this category are one of the most colorable and effective types of Public Arts that can be executed on cities walls in different ways: Official or Graffiti, Professional or Amateur, Long term or Short Term, etc. In this research, we have tried to pay more attention to Public Arts generally and Murals particularly and make a unique collection of valid and updated information on this subject. In the end, we have offered some solutions and local strategies for making Qazvin city public spaces better places to live practically, with the help of Public Arts and Murals. The conclusion is a design framework achieved by public Preferences. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Investigation of Diameter and Height Growth of Willow and Alder in biologically stabilized areas of forest road landslide (Surdar-Watashan series 3 district, Chamestan, Mazandaran)
Seyed Ata Ollah Hosseini

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diameter and height growth of two native species of alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.) and willow (Salix alba L.) planted in three treatments including natural mulches of straw, wood chips and bare soil without mulch (as control More

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diameter and height growth of two native species of alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.) and willow (Salix alba L.) planted in three treatments including natural mulches of straw, wood chips and bare soil without mulch (as control) treatments. The design of the experiments was in the form of split plots and in the form of completely random blocks located in Chamestan, Mazandaran. The results showed that the regression relationships between diameter and height in alder species were better than those of willow species completely randomly. The study area was in parcels 5 of series 3 district of Surdar -Watashan forestry plan in watershed 49 of forests in the north of the country. The regression coefficient for the independent variable of diameter and dependent variable of height was 0.65 in alder and 0.42 in willow. The results showed that the regression relationship between diameter and height in alder was better than willow species. According to the results of variance analysis, the blocks and treatments did not have a statistically significant difference. The wood chips treatment created the best situation, and after that, the straw treatment and finally the control treatment (bare soil) had a more unfavorable situation than the other treatments. Finally, alder had more favorable conditions for adaptation to the applied bioengineering conditions of the present study vs. willow. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Investigation of the Effect of Thermal Insulation of Walls in Rural Housing of Cold Climate (Case Study: Nazmabad Village, Arak City)
milad haddadi Yousef Nikzad Samarin Seyyed Amirhossein Garakani

Rural housing under the livelihood influence has characteristics that distinguish it from urban housing. The most significant point in contemporary architecture is the excessive use of non-renewable energies. The main reason for this is the lack of desirable design rega More

Rural housing under the livelihood influence has characteristics that distinguish it from urban housing. The most significant point in contemporary architecture is the excessive use of non-renewable energies. The main reason for this is the lack of desirable design regardless of climatic conditions. Therefore, the correct utilization of local materials in rural areas such as renewable energy can improve thermal comfort conditions. One of the important issues in saving energy in rural areas is that rural settlements face additional problems, including lack of access to the gas network, fuel supply costs, fuel transportation maintenance risks, and electricity costs. In this study, the effectiveness of wall insulation in the cold climate of rural housing is investigated in Markazi province. In the meantime, according to the living conditions, the insulation of walls exposed to heat exchange should be considered a first step. Therefore, the purpose of this study, apart from optimizing external walls, is to consider thermal comfort. In this research, the principle is to examine the energy consumption of rural housing in the desired area without imposing excessive costs, with the most basic solutions. Manuscript profile

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23 - The Merits and Demerits of Kings and Rulers in the Poetry of Hafiz Shirazi
Mohammad keshavarz beyzai

Hafiz’s Divan deals with political and governmental themes though it is considered as mystical work. Hafiz’s interaction with kings and rulers of the time, attract his attention to their norms, politics and moral which made some of his poems. How Hafiz views the values More

Hafiz’s Divan deals with political and governmental themes though it is considered as mystical work. Hafiz’s interaction with kings and rulers of the time, attract his attention to their norms, politics and moral which made some of his poems. How Hafiz views the values and anti-values of kings and rulers, as well as the extent, examples, manner of use and purpose of using these concepts in his poems is a worthy subject which is not considered seriously until now. Therefore, this article, with a descriptive-analytical method It seeks to answer these questions: what were the merits and demerits of the rulers in Hafez's poetry and for what purpose were they reflected in his poetry? The findings show that Hafez, influenced by the general patterns of Iranian " Policy writing ", some of the moral and political merits of kings, such as: justice, culture, property management, generosity, establishment Security, and some of their inadequacies, such as: oppression, bloodshed, bigotry and arrogance in a clever and artistic way, in his poems for instructive and instructive, as well as to soften the spirit of the rulers of the time and reduce their tyranny and violence. Has done. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - An Exploration of Aesthetics from John Dewey's View and its Educational Implications
Mohsen kordloo yahya ghaedy saeed zarghami hamrah

The purpose of this study is to explain aesthetics from John Dewey's perspective and draw its educational implications. This research uses conceptual analysis and deduction as methods. The method of data collection is library-documentary and the analyzed documents inclu More

The purpose of this study is to explain aesthetics from John Dewey's perspective and draw its educational implications. This research uses conceptual analysis and deduction as methods. The method of data collection is library-documentary and the analyzed documents include books, research backgrounds and related researches. Aesthetics, experience and knowledge are interrelated in Dewey's perspective. Dewey opposes any kind of dualities and advocates unity in aesthetics, experience and knowledge. The aesthetic experience is distinguished by features such as wholeness, immediacy, cohesion, and so on and knowledge is a part of aesthetics. The implications of Dewey's view of art education can be used in both curriculum and teaching. The implication for curriculum is an integrated viewpoint to art, focusing on the theoretical and practical aspect of art. The implication for teaching emphasizes on the connection between art education and pupil experiences and the emotional aspect of teacher-pupil interaction. Embracing diversity in teaching methods and paying attention to qualitative and process-based evaluation helps to promote art education. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Mechanisms and Function of Transitional Justice: An Important Development in International Law
مهدی ذاکریان سيد‌رضي عمادي

The concept of justice has been always among the most important concepts in domestic and international systems and great efforts have been made to administer it in both areas, especially after the World War II. Nonetheless, in most cases, justice has not been administer More

The concept of justice has been always among the most important concepts in domestic and international systems and great efforts have been made to administer it in both areas, especially after the World War II. Nonetheless, in most cases, justice has not been administered to leaders, especially in the Third World countries. The leaders and statesmen in these countries have never been held accountable for their inhuman acts which violate human rights as a result of their special position and by taking undue advantage of the concept of immunity. Since 2002, the Statute of the International Criminal Court has become binding for its Member States and this has been a major development in the administration of justice, especially with regard to political leaders with immunity and has paved the way for discussing the concept of transitional justice. The present article aims to expound the concept of transitional justice, its conditions, goals and mechanisms, as well as the impact of its enforcement on the restoration of peace and stability in transitional societies. The main argument of the article is that enforcement of transitional justice in transitional societies, especially by taking advantage of a combination of domestic and international courts, including the International Criminal Court, can pave the way for the restoration of calm and stability to transitional societies while sending a message to other totalitarian leaders who violate human rights. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Necessity and Possibility of Judicial Supervision over Security Council’s Performance in UN Legal System
حسین شریفی طرازکوهی ساسان مدرس سبزواری

The issue of judicial supervision over the Security Council has two different, but interrelated aspects. First of all, the “necessity” of such supervision should be discussed. The present article assumes that the Security Council should be committed to the principles of More

The issue of judicial supervision over the Security Council has two different, but interrelated aspects. First of all, the “necessity” of such supervision should be discussed. The present article assumes that the Security Council should be committed to the principles of international law, the goals of the United Nations, sovereign rights of member states, fundamental human rights guarantees, as well as the basic structure for the division of powers among various organs of the UN. Then it studies the Security Council’s procedure to show that this institution has been frequently found in violation of the aforesaid legal bounds. Security Council’s inattention to the limits of its powers can cast doubts on credibility of the entire UN system. It has been also shown that the “necessity” of judicial supervision can be proven on the basis of the requirements of the “rule of law.” Another aspect of this issue is the “possibility” of judicial supervision in view of the current state of international law. The present paper has shown that although the Charter of the United Nations has remained silent on this issue, it can be confirmed if final goals of this document are taken as basis for its interpretation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - The United States of America and the International Criminal Court in Barack Obama Period: An Abstention or a Possibility
رضا موسی‌زاده Hadi Golriz

The relationship between the United States and the International Criminal Court is a combination of confrontation and tension in various aspects, including legal considerations, political, national and security concerns and strategic interests. The existing tensions in More

The relationship between the United States and the International Criminal Court is a combination of confrontation and tension in various aspects, including legal considerations, political, national and security concerns and strategic interests. The existing tensions in relationship with the International Criminal Court have accentuated at some points and the United States has actively challenged the Court's existence. However, the challenges didn’t last for a long time, and at the end of George W. Bush’s presidency– recognizing the inherent values and potentialities of creating an International Criminal Court and the necessity to keep it– confrontations and tensions faded in favor of a constructive interaction. In the years which passed– especially during the administration of Barack Obama– the attitudes and the positions of the US towards the International Criminal Court have experienced a fundamental and comprehensive change and the United States is trying to compensate for the past measures, and to increase the interactions and cooperation with the International Criminal Court and to recognize its existence and capacity as an important international judicial institution in prosecuting the international violent crimes and to restart the relations with the International Criminal Court. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Primacy in Relation Between the International Court of Justice and UN Security Council
همایون مافی وحید بذّار

Undoubtedly, United Nations is the most effective international organization that has played the most important role in relations between states and thus has acquired considerable prestige among the main subjects of international law (States). Security Council as the po More

Undoubtedly, United Nations is the most effective international organization that has played the most important role in relations between states and thus has acquired considerable prestige among the main subjects of international law (States). Security Council as the political body and International Court of Justice as the judicial body of the organization, have had an important role in achieving this prestige. However, the relationship between the two organs has been always discussed in various fields because of the silence of the UN Charter. By considering of subjects such the possibility of simultaneously raising an issue in the Court and Security Council, the possibility of handling of political issues in the Court and handling of legal issues in Security Council, the possibility of creation of jurisdiction for the Court by Security Council, and the possibility of judicial supervision of the Court on the Council, this article endeavored to response to the main challenge which are there precedence interrelation those? Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Mineral chemistry of clinopyroxene, an approach to petrogenesis of Saray Volcanic Complex–Northwest of Iran
M. Ghaderi N. Amel M. Moayyed

Saray volcano is an extinct volcano and is located in the east of Urmia Lake. This volcano mainly consists of Leucititic lava flows and their related pyroclastic materials forming a Sequence which repeated more than five times. Leucite phonolitic dykes, Lamprophyric (Mi More

Saray volcano is an extinct volcano and is located in the east of Urmia Lake. This volcano mainly consists of Leucititic lava flows and their related pyroclastic materials forming a Sequence which repeated more than five times. Leucite phonolitic dykes, Lamprophyric (Minette, Monchiquite and Spessartite) lavas and dykes, Trachytic domes and dykes, Syenitic dykes and a small syenitic stock are other rock types of Saray volcano. Since clinopyroxene is present in all rock types of this volcano, mineral chemistry study of clinopyroxenes in all rock types of Saray volcano, could help us to explain the relationship between different rock types. Clinopyroxenes of Saray volcano have diopside, salite and fassaite compositions. The majority of studied clinopyroxenes crystallize under 3-4 kb pressure and 1150 centigrade temperature. Tectono-magmatically speaking, these clinopyroxenes were mostly formed within plate basalts. Although the composition of rock types of Saray volcano is very different, almost constant composition of clinopyroxene in all rock types, show the same origin for all clinopyroxenes. However, it can be concluded that all rock types have the same origin. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Comparison of the development process in Iran and Japan in the framework of Adrian Leftwich's Theory from 1850 to1900 AD
Ehsan Eilshahi sayyed atollah sinaee Seyyed Khodayar Mortazavi Asl

Development is context-oriented, historical, and based on the life of the world and the psychological, social, and political characteristics of nations. The result of connection, convergence, non-interaction and divergence of different elements appears in such a context More

Development is context-oriented, historical, and based on the life of the world and the psychological, social, and political characteristics of nations. The result of connection, convergence, non-interaction and divergence of different elements appears in such a context. Forward-looking research using the method of comparative institutionalism using Adrian Leftwich's developmental state theory to examine and compare the issue of economic development with a focus on the politics-state-development triad in Iran and Japan in the period of 1850-1900. The technique used in this research has been collecting and using available documents and statistics. The main question of the research is the level of autonomy of government institutions, the characteristics of the civil system, and the historical situation of Iran and Japan concerning the international system, how has it affected the experience of development in the historical period in question in these countries? The obtained results indicate that due to the creation of an independent government and the creation of a network of developmental elites based on a strong and coherent bureaucracy, Japan was able to achieve success by smoothing the appropriate international platform and on the way be development. However, due to the lack of proper bureaucracy and the establishment of an autonomous government, Iran could not achieve this important task, and therefore the issue of development for Iran remained a concept of regret and mystery Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Study the effect of the Second Facade and its geometry on daylight control in office spaces (modeling and Daylight analysis by Diva software)
Navid Jalaeian Ghane Sajad Aeini

In addition to optimizing energy consumption, daylight is efficient in the health quality of indoor spaces, the interaction of architecture with social behaviors, and the health of individuals in the space. In addition to increasing the quality of natural light in the s More

In addition to optimizing energy consumption, daylight is efficient in the health quality of indoor spaces, the interaction of architecture with social behaviors, and the health of individuals in the space. In addition to increasing the quality of natural light in the space, benefiting a daylight control system significantly reduces the building's electrical energy consumption. The study aims to deals with the amount and the way the quality of the openings of the building's windows affects the quality of the received daylight. Therefore, it investigates the effect of the opening rate of the designed Iranian knot on the efficiency of natural lighting in the office space based on international standards, applying daylight simulation software and annual analyzes consistent with the weather information of Mashhad, through the occupation hours of the space. Firstly, However, the paper studies the basic concepts of the research; secondly, analytical tools are employed and analyzed how the quality of openings affects the quality of receiving light. Lastly, the result is formulated with logical reasoning based on analytical tools. Moreover, the results indicate that the opening coefficient holds a great effect on the distribution of natural light in different directions, particularly on the south front. Furthermore, the importance of daylight in optimizing the amount of energy consumption, the health quality of indoor spaces, and the health of individuals in the space is efficient through a systematic design that may control daylight consistent with the requirements. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Examining the theory of Ash'ari acquisition and some theological topics in Khaghani's Diwan
Shahrokh Hekmat

Abul Hasan Ali Ibn Ismail Ash'ari (260-330 AH) in order to find a middle way between the ideas of Mu'tazili devolution and Ash'ari determinism, proposed the theory of "earning" and declared that God is the creator of human voluntary actions and man is the earner of thes More

Abul Hasan Ali Ibn Ismail Ash'ari (260-330 AH) in order to find a middle way between the ideas of Mu'tazili devolution and Ash'ari determinism, proposed the theory of "earning" and declared that God is the creator of human voluntary actions and man is the earner of these actions. He considered acquisition to be the combination of the power of God and man, and he believed that voluntary action takes place following this combination. Based on this, man has no influence on the existence of his voluntary act and is only the place of his act. For this reason, the flow of God's habit causes the emergence of power and authority in man, and his voluntary action is performed. Many scholars have considered the theory of acquisition as another interpretation of the theory of determinism and determinism. Of course, there was a development in Ash'ari determinism and acquisition, and some Ash'ari scholars tried to interpret it in a different way. Khaqani Shervani (520-595 AH) is one of the greatest Iranian poets and one of the first-class speakers of the Persian language who, despite following the Sunni religion, respects Shia beliefs and holy things. Khaqani is biased in religion, but avoids being classist; Despite all this, he tends to Ash'ari theological mashrab, especially Ash'ari Kasbah, and in many cases he prefers moderate algebra. The results of this research, which is based on a library method and descriptive-analytical method, show that Khaqani, while accepting predestination in human destiny, also talks about free will in some cases, and at the same time as a religious religion, in writing some poems, he expresses a way of thinking. And the teachings of Ash'ari thought are based on the Ash'ari theory of acquisition. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Depositional Environmental Analysis of Shally Units of Pabdeh-Gurpi Formation and Clay Minerals Effect on Wellbore Stability, Aghajari Oil Field
بهمن سلیمانی Zahra Dehghani

<!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackForm More

<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">This research is related to detect of clay minerals and geochemical changes of Pabdeh-Gurpi shale formations and their role in borehole instability in Aghajari oil field. For this purpose, these formations were investigated using NGS well log (one well ring), X-ray diffraction method (XRD) and XRF analytical method (11 samples from two wells). In the NGS log, the detected minerals are illite, montmorillonite, mixed layer, glauconite and feldspar. In the XRD method, clay minerals illite, montmorillonite, mixed layer, chlorite and kaolinite were identified in order of abundance.These minerals due to their sensitivity to react with water causes the instability of the borehole. The high ratio of Si/Al and changes of Ti and high level of Fe3+ and Mg are also a sign of the widespread presence of illite, chlorite and montmorillonite in the mentioned formations.   <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The changes of major and trace elements compared to Al2O3 except for MnO, CaO, and P2O5 showed a positive linear relationship. The changes in the amount of Fe2O3 show the oxidizing conditions in the upper part of the base, but the reducing conditions towards the upper side. Based on the amount of iron, manganese and vanadium, the sediments were formed under conditions of reduction, non-sulphide reduction Eh and medium to low pH. Variations in Th/U ratio (1-4.5) indicate marine to transitional environments. The existence of horizons rich in organic matter (more than 2%) confirms the reduction conditions.   <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Based on the low values of the Zr/Rb ratio, the sediments in the upper and lower parts are finer than the middle part of the grain. The relative accumulation of biogenic carbonate along with the shale is periodic and is reflected in the changes in the (Zr+Rb)/Sr ratio. Based on the Sr/Ba ratio, marine conditions prevail in the lower part and continental and metamorphic and sometimes marine conditions prevail in the upper part of the formation. Oxidation-reduction conditions were also investigated. The values of the V/(V + Ni) ratio of the semi-reduction region, the Ni/Co ratio of the reduction region and the V/Cr diagram show the almost reduction region and in some cases the oxidant conditions. Paleoclimatic conditions at the time of sedimentation based on low values of Rb/Sr ratio (less than 0.14) were completely hot and dry.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - A review of the use of rheology in the industry of producing propellants based on nitrocellulose polymer
Mahmoud Heydari

One of the main applications of nitrocellulose polymer is producing propellants. The propellant production process includes mixing nitrocellulose with solvents and other additives and converting it from a fibrous to a non-fibrous state during gelatinization and physical More

One of the main applications of nitrocellulose polymer is producing propellants. The propellant production process includes mixing nitrocellulose with solvents and other additives and converting it from a fibrous to a non-fibrous state during gelatinization and physical gel formation. This gel is subsequently subjected to shaping processes using ram or screw extrusion. One of the main problems in producing propellant based on nitrocellulose is the lack of uniformity and product quality control. Despite the high capability of rheology knowledge as a powerful tool for measuring the quality control of raw materials and the production process of propellant based on nitrocellulose, this knowledge has received less attention from researchers and manufacturers in this field. This article reviewed the use of rheology in different parts of the production of nitrocellulose-based propellants, from the quality control of the incoming raw materials to the final mixing and extrusion. At first, the rheological behavior of nitrocellulose mixtures was discussed. Next, the effect of nitrocellulose polymer microstructure on the rheological behavior of its solution was discussed. Phenomena affecting the measurement of the rheological behavior of the mixture, such as wall slippage, were among the other cases investigated. Finally, a review of the quality control methods of nitrocellulose-based propellant products using appropriate material functions and production process modification was discussed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - The Relationship between Daemon in Ancient Greek and Div in Zoroastrian Wisdom and Jinn in Islamic Philosophy
Hojjatullah Askarizadeh

There are some shared truths regarding daemon in ancient Greek, div in Zoroastrian wisdom, and jinn in Islamic theology. Although daemon is in some cases distinguished from theos in Greek philosophy, it is usually confused with other divine existents, thus creating the More

There are some shared truths regarding daemon in ancient Greek, div in Zoroastrian wisdom, and jinn in Islamic theology. Although daemon is in some cases distinguished from theos in Greek philosophy, it is usually confused with other divine existents, thus creating the challenge of how ancient Greek gods gradually turned into div and Satan during the Christian period and after that. In the same vein, there is not only a distinction but also total contrast and opposition between Divine gods and divs in Zoroastrian wisdom. The former is divine and good while the latter is evil and satanic. There is also an existent called “jinn” in Islamic worldview and teachings that is neither angel-like nor of an absolute evil nature. On the one hand, it is close to the world of immateriality and angels and can perform supernatural and superhuman acts; on the other hand, it is the origin of evil and wicked affairs in several cases, thus deserving the name of Satan. However, it is possible to explain the challenges related to ancient Greek daemons more accurately based on Muslim philosophers’ approach in classifying spiritual and immaterial existents and the distinctions that they make among angels, good jinns, and evils. This endeavor plays an important role in understanding the roots of the ideas held in ancient schools of philosophy, particularly in ancient Greece, so that one can clarify the role of daemons in ancient Greece more effectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Principle of Impartiality and Neutrality in the Exercise of Discretionary Powers in the Light of a Decision by the Administrative Court
Seyyed shahaboddin Musavizade merkie

10.61186/ahrar.45968.4.8.1

Discretionary power is a power granted by the legislator to public authorities with the aim of serving the public interest. This power is exercised in various areas, including the recruitment of volunteers in government agencies. According to the Universal Declaration o More

Discretionary power is a power granted by the legislator to public authorities with the aim of serving the public interest. This power is exercised in various areas, including the recruitment of volunteers in government agencies. According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, individuals have the right to equal access to public employment in their own country. According to the Law on the Administration of Public Services, the principle of meritocracy applies to entry into executive agencies. However, placing criteria such as religious beliefs in addition to acceptance in the entrance competition has a legal basis according to the Law on the Administration of Public Services. The question now is how can these two important issues (meritocracy and compliance with selection criteria) be achieved? This article attempts to answer this question by describing and analyzing a decision by an administrative court through a library study using data extraction tools. The results showed that compliance with the principles of impartiality and neutrality by executive agencies and supervision by administrative courts are good tools for achieving the legislative goal of granting discretionary powers to administrative authorities. Manuscript profile

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